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Journal articles on the topic 'Joint Test Action Group'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Maunder, Colin. "The Joint Test Action Group." Computer-Aided Engineering Journal 3, no. 4 (1986): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cae.1986.0033.

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2

Pierce, Luke, and Spyros Tragoudas. "Enhanced Secure Architecture for Joint Action Test Group Systems." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 21, no. 7 (July 2013): 1342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2208209.

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3

Kumar, Sudeendra K., Naini Satheesh, Abhishek Mahapatra, Sauvagya Sahoo, and K. K. Mahapatra. "Physical Unclonable Functions for On-Chip Instrumentation: Enhancing the Security of the Internal Joint Test Action Group Network." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 8, no. 4 (July 2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2019.2905539.

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4

PLATONOVA, Yana V., Valery N. YAKOVLEV, and Sergey V. SAYKIN. "Evaluation of hip joint mobility among female students of higher education institutions." Medicine and Physical Education: Science and Practice, no. 4 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2658-7688-2019-1-4-42-47.

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In this article we presented the results of the study of hip joint mobility among 1-4 year students of Derzhavin Tambov State University engaged in health aerobics and its various types. The level of development of mobility in female students' hip joints to a large extent determines the effectiveness of training in the equipment of elements in classes of health aerobics, containing a significant number of movements performed by lower limbs (grazing, wavy, squat, etc.). Hip joint refers to spherical joints and therefore allows: bending and unbending; assignment and reduction; pronation and supination; roundabout. In everyday life, the maximum degree of motor load on the hip joint occurs during walking. However, the amplitude of hip movements used in walking does not reach a potential value, and the execution of circular and lateral movements is minimized. This circumstance at classes of health aerobics with female students is clearly demonstrated by the constriction of movements and lack of proper amplitude when performing motor actions with lower limbs. The mobility of female students' hip joint was assessed by the test «Cross split». The average group values obtained by the «Cross split» test served as the basis for the development of a scale for assessing the level of mobility in hip joints.
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5

Munro, Shannon C., Dian Baker, Karen K. Giuliano, Sheila C. Sullivan, Judith Haber, Barbara E. Jones, Matthew B. Crist, et al. "Nonventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia: A call to action." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 42, no. 8 (June 9, 2021): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2021.239.

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Executive SummaryIn 2020 a group of U.S. healthcare leaders formed the National Organization to Prevent Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (NOHAP) to issue a call to action to address non–ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (NVHAP). NVHAP is one of the most common and morbid healthcare-associated infections, but it is not tracked, reported, or actively prevented by most hospitals. This national call to action includes (1) launching a national healthcare conversation about NVHAP prevention; (2) adding NVHAP prevention measures to education for patients, healthcare professionals, and students; (3) challenging healthcare systems and insurers to implement and support NVHAP prevention; and (4) encouraging researchers to develop new strategies for NVHAP surveillance and prevention. The purpose of this document is to outline research needs to support the NVHAP call to action. Primary needs include the development of better models to estimate the economic cost of NVHAP, to elucidate the pathophysiology of NVHAP and identify the most promising pathways for prevention, to develop objective and efficient surveillance methods to track NVHAP, to rigorously test the impact of prevention strategies proposed to prevent NVHAP, and to identify the policy levers that will best engage hospitals in NVHAP surveillance and prevention. A joint task force developed this document including stakeholders from the Veterans’ Health Administration (VHA), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), The Joint Commission, the American Dental Association, the Patient Safety Movement Foundation, Oral Health Nursing Education and Practice (OHNEP), Teaching Oral-Systemic Health (TOSH), industry partners and academia.
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6

Tomonaga, Akihito, Mitsuhiko Fukagawa, Hiroki Ikeda, Toshiyuki Hori, Masaharu Ohkawara, and Isao Nagaoka. "Evaluation of the effect of administering N-acetyl-glucosamine-containing green tea supplement on biomarkers for cartilage metabolism in healthy individuals without symptoms of arthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 6, no. 12 (December 30, 2016): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v6i12.309.

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Background: To evaluate the chondroprotective action of an N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc)-containing supplement on the joint health of healthy individuals without symptoms of arthritis, we conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Methods: Subjects (n=100, 51.3 ± 1.0 years (mean ± SE)) without symptoms of arthritis were randomly assigned to receive a 1000 mg GlcNAc-containing diet (GlcNAc group) or a placebo diet (placebo group) once a day for 16 weeks, and the effect on the cartilage metabolism was evaluated by analyzing the ratio of type II collagen degradation to synthesis using type II collagen degradation (C2C) and synthesis (PIICP) markers.Results: The results indicated that the changes in the C2C/PIICP ratios from the baseline were slightly suppressed in the GlcNAc group compared with those in the placebo group at weeks 16 during the intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. To make the effect of GlcNAc even more clear, the subjects with joint loading and impaired cartilage metabolism were evaluated. Interestingly, the changes in the C2C/PIICP ratios from the baseline were significantly suppressed in the GlcNAc group compared with the placebo group at weeks 16 during the intervention and 4 weeks after the intervention. Moreover, test supplement-related adverse events were not essentially observed during and after the intervention.Conclusions: These observations suggest that the oral administration of GlcNAc at a dose of 1000 mg/day exerts a chondroprotective action on the healthy individuals by lowering the C2C/PIICP ratio, which indicates relative reduction of type II collagen degradation and increase of type II collagen synthesis, without apparent adverse effect. Key words: N-acetyl-glucosamine, biomarker, cartilage metabolism, joint health
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7

Sekirin, Alexey B., Vladislav F. Prikuls, and Alexandra E. Maybrodskaya. "Assessment of clinical efficacy of the acoustic binaural beating method in the complex preparation of patients for hip replacement." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 27, no. 2 (October 8, 2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto202027260-65.

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Objective. To increase the efficiency of the complex of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures in preparation for hip joint endoprosthetics. Materials and methods. 66 patients in whom it was planned to perform hip joint endoprosthetics took part in the research. They were divided into two groups. The main group (n = 32) included patients who underwent 5 binaural beats as a relaxation program. In the comparison group (n = 34) the patients received a standard set of measures to prepare for this operation. All patients were screened for depression and anxiety using the standardized hospital scale for anxiety and depression (HADS) before the study. We also recorded the initial levels of reactive and personality anxiety using the Spielberger Hanin test. We repeated the test in both groups after 7 days to evaluate the dynamics of the test. Results. The conducted research showed that in the main group on the background of binaural beating procedures, reactive (from 57.2 3.8 to 42.4 5.2 points, p = 0.014) and personal anxiety (from 58.9 4.1 to 44.7 3.8 points, p = 0.003) were significantly reduced. In addition, the application of binaural beats method resulted in a significant decrease of HADS alarm subscale indexes (p 0.001) in patients of the base group from 12.8 2.8 to 8.5 0.7 points. While patients in the comparison group had significantly less expressed decrease of this parameter from 11.7 3.1 to 10.9 1.6 points (p 0.01). On the HADS depression subscale there was also a marked decrease in the main group to 7.1 0.8 points, this value was statistically significantly lower (p = 0.011) than in the comparison group 10.2 1.2 points. Conclusion. The conducted research has shown that the use of the binaural beats method in the complex of measures to prepare patients for hip joint endoprosthetics helps to improve their psycho-emotional status. This is manifested by a decrease in personal and reactive anxiety in the Spielberger Hanin test, as well as the severity of depression and anxiety on the HADS scale. The advantages of the method are non-invasive and easy to use, and the disadvantages include the duration of the procedure and poorly studied mechanism of action.
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8

Liao, Guo Gang, and Jun Li. "The Design and Validation of DFT System for Mixed-Signal Circuits Based on JTAG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.636.

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Nowadays with the increases of the density of large scale integrated circuits, researches of Design for Test (DFT) become more and more important, JTAG (JTAG: Joint Test Action Group, also called Boundary Scan ) has been widely used in test area , which improves the testability and reliability of mixed-signal circuits. This paper puts forward a scheme to design a Built-in Test System (BITS) based on boundary scan technology. The BITS is realized in a weapon electronic control system, which is composed of mixed-signal circuits including ARM, AD/DA, FPGA, etc. With this method, several test experiments are carried out in the BITS, which include infrastructure integrity test, interconnect test, cluster test, AD/DA test and so on. The results of experiments show that the Built-in Test System based on JTAG can work normally, which is able to reduce effectively the complexity and the time of test. In a word, the capability of BITS is viable and the system is a virtual tool in the process of DFT design and application.
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9

Kristiani, Rina Budi. "PENGARUH COMPUTER GAME TERHADAP RENTANG SENDI PHALANG PASIEN STROKE DI RS ADI HUSADA SURABAYA 2016." Adi Husada Nursing Journal 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37036/ahnj.v2i2.60.

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Pasien yang menderita stroke secara mendadak akan mengalami kelemahan ekstremitas, gangguan ini dapat mengganggu kegiatan hidup sehari-hari, tindakan yang dapat dilakukan perawat adalah melakukan range of motion yang menyenangkan dengan menggunakan computer game. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya pengaruh computer game terhadap rentang sendi phalang pasien stroke di RS Adi Husada Surabaya. Metode penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimental dengan pre dan postt test di RS Adi Husada Surabaya selama April – Juli 2016 berjumlah 44 responden. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling, responden kelompok intervensi (menggunakan computer game) berjumlah 22 responden (50%) dan responden kelompok kontrol (menggunakan terapi standar) berjumlah 22 (50%). Jenis kelamin laki-laki 65,9%, kelompok umur dewasa dengan rentang usia 21-60 tahun sebanyak 56,8%, serangan stroke sekali sebanyak 79,5% dan tidak ada dukungan keluarga sebesar 52,3%. Hasil uji beda peningkatan rentang sendi sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok intervensi(18.19o) dan kelompok kontrol (3,13o), statistik berbeda signifikan (t-independent test pvalue = 0.021). Hasil Uji perbedaan rentang sendi pada kelompok intervensi sebelum intervensi (43,02o) dan sesudah intervensi (61,21o) statistik berbeda signifikan (t-paired test pvalue = 0,004). Hasil uji regresi linier berganda untuk melihat pengaruh secara simultan adalah dukungan keluarga dengan pvalue = 0,009 (< 0,05) dan computer game pvalue = 0,000 (< 0,05) berarti ada pengaruh computer game dan dukungan keluarga terhadap rentang sendi phalang pasien stroke. Dari penelitian ini telah dibuat juga persamaan regresi dan dapat disimulasikan untuk visualisasi peran berbagai variabel. Disarankan bagi pelayanan keperawatan khususnya RS Adi Husada Surabaya, untuk menggunakan computer game sebagai sarana dalam membantu melakukan latihan rentang gerak sendi phalang pada pasien stroke yang mengalami kelemahan rentang sendi phalang. Kata Kunci : Stroke, Rentang Sendi Phalang Menurun, Computer Game, Rentang Sendi Meningkat ABSTRACT Patients suffering from a sudden stroke will experience limb weakness, this disorder can interfere with daily living activities, actions that can be performed by nurses are doing range of motion using a computer games that is fun. The purpose of this research is knowing the influence of computer games on phalang joint range of stroke patients in Adi Husada Hospital Surabaya. The research method was quasi experimental with pre and post test design in Adi Husada Hospital Surabaya during April-July, 2016 with a number of 44 respondents. Sampling was done by purposive sampling, respondents in the intervention group (using a computer game) amounted to 22 respondents (50%) and respondents in the control group (standard therapy) was 22 (50%). Distribution characteristics for the majority of respondents, the male sex of 65,9%, adult age group 21-60 years 56,8%, Frequency of stroke in a one time group is 79,5% and the group of no family support amounted to 52,3%. Difference test results on improving joint range before and after intervention in the intervention group (18,19o) and in the control groups (3.13o), statistically significantly different (t-independent test pvalue = 0,021). Difference test results on improving of joints in the intervention group before the intervention (43,02o) and after intervention (61,21o) statistically significant different (paired t-test pvalue = 0,004). The results of multiple regression analysis to see the effect of simultaneously is family support pvalue = 0,009 (> 0,05) and computer game pvalue = 0,000 (> 0,05) means that there is an influence of computer games and family support for the joint range phalanx stroke patients. This research has been made the regression equation and perform simulated for the visualization of the role of different variables. It is recommended for nursing services especially in Adi Husada Hospital Surabaya, to use computer games as a means to help perform range of motion exercises phalanx in stroke patients who experienced weakness phalanx joint range. Keywords: Stroke, Range Joints Phalanx Reduction, Computer Game, Increase Joint Range DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT PDF >>
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10

Jeong, Young-a., and Byoung-Hee Lee. "Effect of Action Observation Training on Spasticity, Gross Motor Function, and Balance in Children with Diplegia Cerebral Palsy." Children 7, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7060064.

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This study evaluated the effect of action observation training on spasticity, gross motor function, and balance in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Eighteen children with cerebral palsy participated in this study. The participants were randomized into the action observation training group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9). The action observation training group repeatedly practiced the action with their motor skills, while the control group practiced conventional physical therapy. Both groups received 30 min sessions, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. To confirm the effects of intervention, the spasticity, gross motor function measurement (GMFM), and pediatric reaching test (PRT) were evaluated. The results showed that in the plantar flexor contracture test of both sides, the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) of the right side of knee joints, GMFM-B, C, and D were significantly increased between pre- and post-intervention within both groups (p < 0.05). PRT was significantly increased between pre- and post-intervention within the both groups (p < 0.05), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). These results suggest that action observation training is both feasible and beneficial for improving spasticity, gross motor function, and balance in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy.
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11

Thielemann, F., G. Rockstroh, J. Mehrholz, and C. Druschel. "Serial ankle casts for patients with idiopathic toe walking: effects on functional gait parameters." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 13, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.13.180183.

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Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the functional effects on gait parameters of serial ankle casts for patients with idiopathic toe walking (ITW), in comparison with an unremarkable control group. Methods A prospective trial with a pre-test–post-test control group design included ten patients with ITW and ten healthy matched children. Children with ITW underwent serial casting to stretch the plantar flexors, with two 14-day periods with walking plaster casts set at the maximum available ankle dorsiflexion. Both groups were assessed clinically and using a functional gait analysis before and after serial casting, as well as at a six-month follow-up visit. Results The normalized plantar heel force increased from 5% pre-interventionally to 79% at the follow-up. The upper ankle-joint angle and the base angle also demonstrated significant changes. Normalized compound action potentials of the medial heads of the gastrocnemius were reduced by 70%. None of these parameters demonstrated any significant differences at the follow-up examination in comparison with the healthy control group. Variations in the displacement of the knee joint on the sagittal plane and of the center of gravity in the transverse plane did not show any significant differences in comparison with the control group. Conclusion The reduction of muscle tone and lengthening of the ankle plantar flexors led to persistent increased active ankle dorsiflexion with significant long-term improvement of functional kinematic parameters. No significant difference in the gait analysis was found between the ITW group and healthy children six months after treatment. Level of Evidence Level II - Therapeutic
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12

Dwipayanti, Puteri Indah, Anik Supriani, Nanik Nur Rosyidah, and Nurul Mufida. "THE EFFECT OF WARM GINGER COMPRESS TOWARDS JOINT PAIN OF THE ELDERLY AT UPT PANTI WERDHA MOJOPAHIT, MOJOKERTO DISTRICT." Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36720/nhjk.v7i2.43.

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Background: There was joint pain that frequently happens by the elderly, which was joint pain. One of actions to abate the joint pain was compress with warm ginger.Objectives: The aims of this research were to identify the effect of warm ginger compress towards joint pain of the elderly at UPT Panti Werdha Mojopahit, Mojokerto District.Method: Design of this research was Pre-Experiment with Type of one group pre-test-post test design. Population of this research was whole of elderly who undergoes joint pain at UPT Panti Werdha Mojopahit Mojokerto district. Technique that used to take sample in this research was purposive sampling with 20 respondents. Data collecting was done before and after warm ginger compress was given use pain scale instrument PAINAD with 1-10 scale. The researcher used Wilcoxon statistic test with value of α=0, 05 to analyze the data.Results: The result of this research wasgained before carried out by warm ginger compress with advance pain scale of 6 respondents (30%), and intermediate pain scale of 10 respondents (50%). After the warm ginger compress was done by 8 respondents (40%) with light pain scale and 11 respondents (55%) with intermediate pain. Data analyzing used statistic test with Wilcoxon P value test 0,003 (α˂ 0, 05). It showed that warm ginger compress effective towards joint pain of the elderly.Conclusion: Looking at the result above shows that warm ginger compress can be created as one of alternative choices to decrease joint pain intensity of the elderly, because this non-pharmacologist treatment uses easy to be obtained ingredient and there is no side effect for the elderly.Key words: Joint Pain, Warm Ginger Compress, Elderly.
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M., Kamalakannan,, Hemamalini P., and Divya T. "Hamstring tightness causing low back pain among college going students - a cross-sectional study." Biomedicine 40, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v40i4.335.

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Introduction and aim: Posterior thigh muscles are also called the Hamstring group of muscles. Its major action is knee flexion and minor action in hip extensor. It is one of the two joint muscles that involve the hip joint and knee joint. When these muscles are shortened or become tight the movement in the hip and knee is affected or reduced. This shortened muscle causes a posterior pelvic tilt that leads to a flat back. Prolonged tightness causes low back pain. Tightness is mainly due to inadequate physical activity results in stiffness, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to find whether tight hamstring causes low back pain in college-going students. Materials and methods: The method used to measure the hamstring length in this study is the Active Knee Extension Test. The knee angle is measure using universal goniometry. The knee angle should be between 80-90 degrees. If the range is below 80 degrees, then that subject has a tight hamstring. Results: Mean hamstring tightness in males is calculated and found that the left is more affected than the right. The mean hamstring tightness in the female is calculated and found that the right side is more affected than the left side. Both males and females having tightness at the range of 30-40 degrees are more. Conclusion: This study shows that most of the colleges going students have knee range below 80 degrees. And investigation reveals that 2/4th of the total experienced low back pain in their life. This pain experience is present in all age group that comes under this study. Some students who involve in sports activities have tight hamstring. But some do not have because of stretching muscles before and after the sports activity. By this, it is concluded that prevalence is more among college-going, students.
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Kashyap, Anirudh, Kusuma Keerthi, and Dr Shilpa D.R. "Boundary Scan Architecture for a Double Precision Floating Point Subtractor." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 17, 2021): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05285.

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The boundary scan logic for testing was developed in order to make the process of testing easier for System-on-Chip (SoC) [1] architectures. The proposed work focuses on designing a boundary scan logic for a 64-bit floating-point subtractor unit. The TAP controller designed is capable of executing the three mandatory Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) instructions of the IEEE 1149 standard. The testing architecture has the potential to not only test the functionality of the core logic but also to test single stuck-at faults for all the inputs and outputs of the core logic. A provision for bypassing the core logic was made in order to skip the IC while testing numerous ICs together. A simulation was also performed to demonstrate the above procedures. The designed module can further be used in a larger circuit with other ICs [2]containing a similar boundary scan structure with individual TAP controllers.
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15

Chinnasamy, Velmurugan, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Sarath Chandiran, Saminathan Kayarohanam, Dhanapal Сhidambaram Kanniyan, Venkata Sathya Saiappala Raju Velaga, and Shafiulla Muhammad. "Antiarthritic Activity of Achyranthes Aspera on Formaldehyde - Induced Arthritis in Rats." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 2709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.559.

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AIM: To determine the ameliorative potential of aqueous extract of Achyranthesaspera(AEAA) against arthritis using swiss albino mice and Wistar rats, and its possible mechanism of action. METHODS: Swiss albino mice (25-30 g) and Wistar rats (150-180 g) under standard controlled conditions (24 ± 2°C, 50-70 humidity and 12 h light/dark cycle). The groups were divided into 6 groups (n = 6/group) and assigned as control, negative control, standard and, formaldehyde supplemented with two different test dose groups of A. aspera for 4 weeks. Arthritis induced by subplantar administration of 0.1 ml formaldehyde (2% v/v) into the left hind paw in all groups except normal control. Arthritis was assessed using serum Hb, ESR, paw volume, joint diameter, radiological and histopathological investigation. RESULTS: Oral administration of AEAA shown a significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent protection against formaldehyde induced arthritis. At 21st day, A.asperashown an inhibition of paw volume in the different doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were found to be 30% and, 38.33% respectively. At 14th day the joint swelling was found to be 27.2% and 36.36 respectively. Diclofenac (10 mg/kg) had an effect of 36.61% inhibition of arthritis and joint swelling at 21st and 14th day. CONCLUSION: Thus, the present study revealed that the aqueous extract of A. aspera offered significant protection against arthritis and joint inflammation.
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de Gooijer-van de Groep, Karin L., Jurriaan H. de Groot, Hanneke van der Krogt, Erwin de Vlugt, J. Hans Arendzen, and Carel G. M. Meskers. "Early Shortening of Wrist Flexor Muscles Coincides With Poor Recovery After Stroke." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 32, no. 6-7 (June 2018): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968318779731.

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Background. The mechanism and time course of increased wrist joint stiffness poststroke and clinically observed wrist flexion deformity is still not well understood. The components contributing to increased joint stiffness are of neural reflexive and peripheral tissue origin and quantified by reflexive torque and muscle slack length and stiffness coefficient parameters. Objective. To investigate the time course of the components contributing to wrist joint stiffness during the first 26 weeks poststroke in a group of patients, stratified by prognosis and functional recovery of the upper extremity. Methods. A total of 36 stroke patients were measured on 8 occasions within the first 26 weeks poststroke using ramp-and-hold rotations applied to the wrist joint by a robot manipulator. Neural reflexive and peripheral tissue components were estimated using an electromyography-driven antagonistic wrist model. Outcome was compared between groups cross-sectionally at 26 weeks poststroke and development over time was analyzed longitudinally. Results. At 26 weeks poststroke, patients with poor recovery (Action Research Arm Test [ARAT] ≤9 points) showed a higher predicted reflexive torque of the flexors ( P < .001) and reduced predicted slack length ( P < .001) indicating shortened muscles contributing to higher peripheral tissue stiffness ( P < .001), compared with patients with good recovery (ARAT ≥10 points). Significant differences in peripheral tissue stiffness between groups could be identified around weeks 4 and 5; for neural reflexive stiffness, this was the case around week 12. Conclusions. We found onset of peripheral tissue stiffness to precede neural reflexive stiffness. Temporal identification of components contributing to joint stiffness after stroke may prompt longitudinal interventional studies to further evaluate and eventually prevent these phenomena.
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Nowakowska, Elżbieta, Krzysztof Kus, Ewa Florek, Anna Czubak, and Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert. "The influence of tobacco smoke and nicotine on antidepressant and memory-improving effects of venlafaxine." Human & Experimental Toxicology 25, no. 4 (April 2006): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327106ht611oa.

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In experimental and clinical studies, central nicotinic systems have been shown to play an important role in cognitive function. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors also mediate the reinforcing properties of nicotine (NIC) in tobacco products. A variety of studies have shown that acute treatment with NIC or nicotinic agonists can improve working memory function. Moreover, it is known that the monoaminergic system plays an important role in memory function. And there is evidence suggesting that prolonged use of NIC may exert antidepressant action via nicotinic receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between a novel antidepressant, venlafaxine (VEN), a blocker of noradrenaline and 5–hydroxytryptamine reuptake sites, and pure NIC in the context of antidepressant and memory function in tobacco smoke exposed and nonexposed rats. The animals were subjected to Porsolt's test for testing antidepressant activity and their memory function (spatial memory) was evaluated in the Morris Water Maze Test. In tobacco smoke non–exposed and exposed rats both single and chronic administration of VEN (20 mg/kg po) shortened immobility time. NIC (0.2 mg/kg sc) significantly reduced immobility time on the 1st, 7th and 14th test days in both non–exposed and exposed rats. Combined VEN–NIC treatment in tobacco smoke non–exposed rats reduced immobility too. This effect of the combination of drugs was significantly stronger as compared to the effects obtained after individual administration of VEN or NIC. In the group exposed to tobacco smoke, joint administration of VEN–NIC induced a significant reduction of immobility as compared to the control and NIC groups. In the Morris Water Maze Test single and chronic administration of VEN, lower values of escape latencies and lower numbers of crossed quadrants were noted in both exposed and non–exposed rats, which indicates improved performance. After administering NIC we could observe improvement of spatial memory in both the exposed and non–exposed group. A similar effect of improvement of spatial memory was observed after joint administration of VEN and NIC. The study results support the involvement of nicotinic systems in memory processes in rats. Memory improvement and antidepressant effects following joint administration of VEN and NIC may depend on nicotinic interactions with monoaminergic systems and VEN may represent a new therapeutic approach to smoking cessation.
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Ubani-Rex, Olayinka Adunni, Joseph Kayode Saliu, and Taiwo Hassan Bello. "Biochemical Effects of the Toxic Interaction of Copper, Lead and Cadmium on Clarias gariepinus." Journal of Health and Pollution 7, no. 16 (December 1, 2017): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.16.38.

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Background. The presence of heavy metals in the aquatic environment is a concern because of potential toxicity and threats to plant and animal life. Objective. The present study evaluated the joint action toxicity and biochemical effects of sublethal concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) against Clarias gariepinus over a period of 28 days. Methods. We procured fingerlings (weight: 5–8 g; length: 4.5–6.0 cm) and juveniles (weight: 20–25 g; length: 14.5–17.5 cm) from a commercial fish farm in Bariga, Lagos state, Nigeria. Test toxicants were selected from the analyzed heavy metals in the field based on their deviation from World Health Organization, Federal Environmental Protection Agency and United States Environmental Protection Agency standards. Fish were randomly loaded into a 4-L glass aquaria for the bioassay per toxicant concentration of two replicates and untreated control (dechlorinated tap water). Results. The derived 96 hour lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value of Cu (2.11 mg/L) was the most toxic followed by Cd (24.18 mg/L) and Pb (34.48 mg/L), which was the least toxic of the singly tested pollutants. The analysis of dose-response data of the joint action toxicity of Cu and Cd, and Cu and Pb determined 96 hour LC50 values of 1.804 mg/L and 2.15 mg/L, respectively. The interactions between the mixture of Cu:Cd conformed with the model of synergism (synergistic ratio (SR)&gt;1 and relative toxic units (RTU)&gt;1), while the interaction between Cu:Pb was found to be antagonistic (SR&lt;1), with an SR value of 0.98. The biochemical effects study revealed that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05) in the exposed fish, reduced glutathione was not significant at (P&lt;0.05), and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glucose and cholesterol were significantly different (P&lt;0.05). Discussion. The observed increased in the glutathione level in the Cu:Cd mixture and a corresponding decrease in MDA concentration in the liver of test animals revealed the ability of fish to overcome the effects of lipid peroxidation in this group because the Cu ion is displaced by Cd, and the fish were able to catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction. Conclusions. Further studies on the joint action toxicity of heavy metals are needed in order to further determine their concentration in the local environment. Ethics Approval. Study protocols were approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the University of Lagos. Competing Interests. The authors declare no financial competing interests
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Årdal, Christine, Yohann Lacotte, and Marie-Cécile Ploy. "Financing Pull Mechanisms for Antibiotic-Related Innovation: Opportunities for Europe." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 8 (February 15, 2020): 1994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa153.

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Abstract Antibiotic innovation is in serious jeopardy as companies continue to abandon the market due to a lack of profitability. Novel antibiotics must be used sparingly to hinder the spread of resistance, but small companies cannot survive on revenues that do not cover operational costs. When these companies either go bankrupt or move onto other therapeutic areas, these antibiotics may be no longer accessible to patients. Although significant research efforts have detailed incentives to stimulate antibiotic innovation, little attention has been paid to the financing of these incentives. In this article, we take a closer look at 4 potential financing models (diagnosis-related group carve-out, stewardship taxes, transferable exclusivity voucher, and a European-based “pay or play” model) and evaluate them from a European perspective. The attractiveness of these models and the willingness for countries to test them are currently being vetted through the European Joint Action on AMR and Healthcare-Associated Infections (EU-JAMRAI).
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Feng, Guang-kui, Xian-jun Ma, Yin-yi Chen, Li Wang, Qain Du, Ru-yue Shi, and Zi Meng. "Effects of Gegen Dingxuan Capsule on behavior, X-Ray Signs of the Cervical Spine, and Humoral Factor Levels in a Rat Model of Cervical Vertigo." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (July 22, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9524162.

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Objective. To investigate the effects of Gegen Dingxuan capsule on behavior, X-ray signs of the cervical spine, and levels of norepinephrine (NE), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET-1), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the plasma of a rat model of cervical vertigo and additionally to clarify the underlying mechanisms of action. Method. A total of 40 male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to blank control, model, Sibelium, and Gegen Dingxuan capsule groups, with 10 rats in each group. A rat model of cervical vertigo was produced by physically damaging the cervical spine, thereby perturbing its stability. After cervical spine surgery, rats in the Sibelium and Gegen Dingxuan capsule groups were administered Sibelium and Gegen Dingxuan capsule, respectively. After 4 and 8 weeks of administration, balance beam test was used to assess behavior, lateral X-ray images of the cervical spine were taken and scored, and the plasma levels of NE, NO, ET-1, and CGRP were measured. Results. After 4 and 8 weeks of drug administration, the balance beam test scores in the Gegen Dingxuan capsule group were significantly higher than those in the Sibelium group. The radiographic scores were significantly lower in the Gegen Dingxuan capsule group than those in the Sibelium group at 8 weeks. Plasma NE, NO, ET-1 levels, and ET-1/CGRP ratio were significantly decreased in the Gegen Dingxuan capsule group compared with the model group. No significant difference was found between the Sibelium and Gegen Dingxuan capsule groups. Plasma CGRP levels were significantly increased in the Gegen Dingxuan capsule group compared with the model group and were significantly decreased compared with the Sibelium group. Conclusions. Gegen Dingxuan capsule improves behavior, radiographic scores, reduces plasma levels of NE, NO, ET-1, and the ET-1/CGRP ratio, and increases plasma CGRP levels. Gegen Dingxuan capsule may improve outcome in the rat model of cervical vertigo by ameliorating cervical facet joint disorder, relieving cervical muscle spasm and vasospasm, increasing blood supply, and regulating humoral factor levels.
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Zhang, Min, Chuan Long Zou, and Xiao Jian Fu. "Finite Element Analysis of Friction Coefficient on Recycled Concrete Wall-Beam Interface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.699.

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Mechanical testing on the first group of ordinary brick wall-beam and second group of recycled brickbat concrete wall-beam, measured its ultimate load and the maximum deflection, establishing finite element model to analyze, and comparing with the test results. It will be show that under the action of ultimate load, friction coefficient between the upper-wall of the wall-beam and joist can be desirable between 0.35 ~ 0.45, and the friction coefficient of recycled concrete wall-beam is bigger than ordinary wall-beam, and the higher the intensity of the upper-wall is, the bigger its friction coefficient is, as well as the greater stiffness of the wall-beam is.
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da Silveira, Claudinei Morin, Rafael T. de Sousa Jr, Robson de Oliveira Albuquerque, Georges D. Amvame Nze, Gildásio Antonio de Oliveira Júnior, Ana Lucila Sandoval Orozco, and Luis Javier García Villalba. "Methodology for Forensics Data Reconstruction on Mobile Devices with Android Operating System Applying In-System Programming and Combination Firmware." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 4231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124231.

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This paper proposes a new forensic analysis methodology that combines processes, techniques, and tools for physical and logical data acquisition from mobile devices. The proposed methodology allows an overview of the use of the In-System Programming (ISP) technique with the usage of Combination Firmware, aligned with specific collection and analysis processes. The carried out experiments show that the proposed methodology is convenient and practical and provides new possibilities for data acquisition on devices that run the Android Operating System with advanced protection mechanisms. The methodology is also feasible in devices compatible with the usage of Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) techniques and which use Embedded Multimedia Card (eMMC) or Embedded Multi-Chip Package (eMCP) as main memory. The techniques included in the methodology are effective on encrypted devices, in which the JTAG and Chip-Off techniques prove to be ineffective, especially on those that have an unauthorized access protection mechanism enabled, such as lock screen password, blocked bootloader, and Factory Reset Protection (FRP) active. Studies also demonstrate that data preservation and integrity are maintained, which is critical to a digital forensic process.
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Lutsyshyn, V. G., A. V. Kalashnikov, O. V. Maiko, and V. M. Maiko. "Impact of different methods of treatment of hip osteoarthritis on the clinical manifestations during short- and long-term observation." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 22, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2018-22(1)-15.

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The course of coxarthrosis, its short-term and long-term prognosis remains sufficiently unknown, and the influence of one or another method of treatment on the course of the disease and the time of onset of irreversible changes is still the subject of scientific research. The aim of the study is to evaluate the dynamics of clinical data in patients with the initial stages of coxarthrosis in the observation interval of 1–5 years with various treatment regimens that include both medical therapy and arthroscopic intervention. The analysis of the dynamics of clinical parameters (using the modified Harris scale) in the course of various treatment methods (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with / without chondroprotector or hyaluronic acid) with a group of arthroscopically operated patients was carried out after 1, 3 and 5 years from the diagnosis of 225 patients with initial stages coxarthrosis. All quantitative data obtained are processed by variational statistics methods (Wilkoxon test for 2 groups of dependent populations and Mann-Whitney U-test for 2 groups of independent populations). It has been established that the combination of NSAID therapy with symptom-modifying delayed-action drugs contributes to the solution of individual therapeutic problems in patients with coxarthrosis during the short and medium term observation period. Reception of chondroprotectors improves the effectiveness of pain control, intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid contributes to a longer preservation of the motor function of the affected joint. The most effective method in overcoming the progression of loss of motor function of the hip joint and increasing the intensity of the pain syndrome is arthroscopic treatment. The obtained data allow us to state that arthroscopy has a pathogenetic and preventive orientation, slows the progression of the disease and, as a consequence, improves the patient's quality of life.
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Pramono, Dominggus Ruku Yudit, Damayanti Tinduh, and Harlina Harlina. "PENAMBAHAN NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING PROGRAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERFORMA FUNGSIONAL ANKLE ATLET SEPAK BOLA LAKI-LAKI DENGAN RIWAYAT ANKLE SPRAIN." Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan 8, no. 3 (November 2, 2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/jc.v8i3.1293.

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When there is an ankle sprain injury the athlete has decreased functional ability and decreased instability of the ankle joint. One of the actions used to reduce the risk of injury and increase the performance of athletes is by providing a Neuromuscular Training Program (NMT). This study to prove the effect of the provision of the Neuromuscular Training Program on the functional performance. This study used a Randomized Pre Test and Post Test Group Design study design. Respondents of this study were male soccer athletes, amounting to 18 athletes who met the inclusion criteria, then divided into 2 groups randomly, each group consisted of 9 respondents. The study showed that there were differences in improvement in functional performance after the administration of the Neuromuscular Training Program in male soccer athletes with a history of ankle sprain. In the treatment group shows the results of functional performance (SLHT) with a value of p = 0,000 indicates a significant effect. Then the results of subjective functional performance measurements using Cumberland Ankle and Instability Tools (CAIT) in the treatment group showed the results of functional performance (CAIT) with a value of p = 0.005. From the results of the study that there were differences and improves in functional performance after the administration of the Neuromuscular Training Program in male soccer athletes with a history of ankle sprain.
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Menne, Bettina, Emilia Aragon de Leon, Marleen Bekker, Nino Mirzikashvili, Stephen Morton, Amanda Shriwise, Göran Tomson, Pia Vracko, and Christoph Wippel. "Health and well-being for all: an approach to accelerating progress to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in countries in the WHO European Region." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2020): i3—i9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa026.

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Abstract Background Forty-three out of 53 of the WHO European Member States have set up political and institutional mechanisms to implement the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This includes governance and institutional mechanisms, engaging stakeholders, identifying targets and indicators, setting governmental and sectoral priorities for action and reporting progress regularly. Still, growing evidence suggests that there is room for advancing implementation of some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets at a higher pace in the WHO European Region. This article proposes the E4A approach to support WHO European Member States in their efforts to achieve the health-related SDG targets. Methods The E4A approach was developed through a 2-year, multi-stage process, starting with the endorsement of the SDG Roadmap by all WHO European Member States in 2017. This approach resulted from a mix of qualitative methods: a semi-structured desk review of existing committal documents and tools; in-country policy dialogs, interviews and reports; joint UN missions and discussion among multi-lateral organizations; consultation with an advisory group of academics and health policy experts across countries. Results The E—engage—functions as the driver and pace-maker; the 4 As—assess, align, accelerate and account—serve as building blocks composed of policies, processes, activities and interventions operating in continuous and synchronized action. Each of the building blocks is an essential part of the approach that can be applied across geographic and institutional levels. Conclusion While the E4A approach is being finalized, this article aims to generate debate and input to further refine and test this approach from a public health and user perspective.
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Brereton, Paul, Janet Kelly, Colin Crews, Sarah Honour, Roger Wood, Ann Davies, E. Anklam, et al. "Determination of 3-Chloro-1,2-Propanediol in Foods and Food Ingredients by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometric Detection: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.2.455.

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Abstract The results of a collaborative study are reported for the determination of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol; 3-MCPD) in a wide range of foods and food ingredients, using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and incorporating the use of a deuterated internal standard. After a pretrial study, 12 laboratories (6 United Kingdom, 1 Switzerland, 1 Japan, 2 United States, 1 The Netherlands, and 1 from the European Commission) were asked to analyze 12 test materials (as known duplicates or split-level samples) by using a prescribed procedure. The test materials consisted of duplicate samples of acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein (containing 3-MCPD at 0.029 mg/kg), malt extract (0.055 mg/kg), wholemeal bread crumbs (0.030 mg/kg), salami (0.016 mg/kg), cheese alternative (0.043 mg/kg), and soup powder (split levels at 0.045 and 0.041 mg/kg). Repeatability ranged from 0.005 to 0.013 mg/kg and reproducibility, from 0.010 to 0.027 mg/kg, for the samples tested. Precision values were well within statistically predicted levels (HORRAT values of &lt;1 for 5 of the 6 matrixes tested) and within method criteria prepared by a joint working group composed of the United Kingdom Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and industry representatives. The study demonstrated the satisfactory validation of the method for quantifying 3-MCPD at levels of ≥0.010 mg/kg. The limit of detection derived from separate in-house studies was estimated to be 0.005 mg/kg. The method was adopted First Action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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SFS, Sr M. Birgitta, Maria Astrid, and Andreas Adyatmaka. "Effectiveness of Proprioseptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and Kinesiotaping Towards Changes in Muscle Strength and ADL Patients." INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v4i2.243.

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Introduction: Stroke in the form of neurological changes caused by disruption of blood supply to brain. The problem that is often experienced by sufferers is movement disorders. One of the non-pharmacological actions Proprioseptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques are very practical to use and Kinesiotaping can also help improve sensomotor ability and muscle strength of patients after stroke. The purpose of this study was determine the effectiveness of PNF and Kinesiotaping for changes in muscle strength and ADL ability of stroke patients. Methods: Quasi Experiment Design pre and post test design with a control group. The number of samples was 204 respondents were divided into three intervention groups namely PNF (61 respondents), Kinesiotaping (61 respondents), and Joint Interventions (61 respondents) and control groups (21 respondents). Sampling techniques sample using Simple Random Sampling. Results: Parameters Test Estimates P <0.05 PNF intervention results can be given a major influence on leg muscle strength (P = 0,000), MAS (P = 0.004) and ADL (P = 0,000), Kinesiotaping gives a great influence on muscle strength hands (P = 0.024), MAS (P = 0.001), ADL (P = 0.000) and Combined intervention have a an influence toward MAS (P = 0,000) and ADL (P = 0,000). Conclusions: The intervention that gives the most influence large is the Combine group against ADL by 25,737 times compared to the group control. Suggestion: For hospitals to implement the three interventions and other factors such as psychology, motivation, physiological, mechanical, and neurological strength for stroke patients.
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Mironova, Vera, and Sam Whitt. "Mobilizing civilians into high-risk forms of violent collective action." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319856043.

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We consider whether prior political activism increases the likelihood of engaging in higher-risk forms of violent collective action. We test our hypothesis in the context of the 2014 Euromaidan and subsequent separatist violence in Eastern Ukraine. In the aftermath of the Euromaidan protests, the Ukrainian government began a widespread campaign to mobilize young men for military service against separatist movements in the Donbas region amid escalating tensions with Russia. In July 2014, we survey young men who were volunteering to join the Ukrainian military’s counterinsurgency efforts and compare them to other young men who live in the same community but had not volunteered. Using a case control study design, we interviewed 100 young men who reported to a local Ukrainian army recruitment station in Kharkiv, a city in Eastern Ukraine which was an important center for military recruitment efforts. We compared them to 100 other young men who lived in the same communities, received recruitment notices, but had chosen not to report. Military recruits were sampled by cluster-sampling at the recruitment station, with random selection of recruits by cluster. Civilian males were sampled by random route in the vicinity of the recruitment station. When comparing survey responses between recruits and civilians, we find strong linkages between prior Euromaidan participation and military mobilization. Our results are robust to controls for parochial ethnocentrism and mere support for Euromaidan goals. Maidan participation and military mobilization are also correlated with a strong sense of self-efficacy, optimism, risk tolerance, patriotic nationalism, and feelings of in-group solidarity with protesters and the military. These correlates illustrate plausible mechanisms for how individuals could transition to increasingly higher-cost, higher-risk forms of collective action.
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Chen, Qingzhi, Yuanming Liu, Shilong Mei, Kai Cao, Bin Du, and Wei Wang. "Research on the Strength Characteristics and Crack Propagation Law of Noncoplanar Nonthrough Jointed Rock Mass by PFC2D." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 2, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6935414.

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In this study, five groups of numerical models with different conditions were established by using PFC2D (particle flow code) to simulate the direct shear tests of noncoplanar nonthrough jointed rock mass. It is proved that normal stress and shear rate, as well as the connectivity rate, relief angle, and inclination angle of joints, have significant influence on the strength characteristics, number of cracks, and the stress of the rock mass according to measurement taken at five different measurement circles in the rock mass. Moreover, it is determined that in the process of shearing, no matter which group of tests are conducted, the number of cracks in the rock mass caused by tension is far more than that caused by the shear action. In other words, the failure of rock mass with different planes and discontinuous joints is mainly caused by the tension in the process of the direct shear test.
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Kim, Jangwoo, Yuna Kim, Whanik Jung, Ji Hoon Nam, and Sae Hoon Kim. "Effects of a Thermosensitive Antiadhesive Agent on Single-Row Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 11 (August 14, 2020): 2669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520946088.

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Background: Postoperative stiffness after rotator cuff repair is a common complication that can lead to poor outcomes and patient discomfort. The application of an antiadhesive agent at the time of repair recently became an option for clinicians, but little information is available on its effects. Purpose: To evaluate and compare retear rates, the incidence of postoperative stiffness, and the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent cuff repair with or without the application of an antiadhesive agent. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Among 296 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery, we compared the outcomes of those injected with a thermosensitive gel antiadhesive agent into the subacromial space (112 cases) versus noninjected controls (184 cases). Retear rates in the 2 groups were determined by magnetic resonance imaging at 1 year after surgery. Shoulder joint range of motion and functional scores were evaluated serially. Results: The rate of retear was significantly lower in the injection group (20/112 cases; 17.9%) than the control group (53/184 cases; 28.8%) ( P = .034). Postoperative stiffness was not significantly different between the 2 groups ( P = .710). Among the data regarding range of motion, only forward flexion at 6 months after surgery showed superior results in the injection group. Functional scores showed conflicting results: The control group had better visual analog scale scores for pain (injection vs control: 2.17 vs 1.68 at 6 months; 1.82 vs 1.28 at 12 months), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores (79.89 vs 89.64 at 12 months), and simple shoulder test scores (8.70 vs 10.06 at 12 months), whereas the injection group had better Constant-Murley scores (injection vs control: 59.49 vs 55.60 at 3 months; 77.35 vs 71.98 at 6 months; 87.28 vs 81.56 at 12 months). Conclusion: The tendon healing rate was significantly higher in the group receiving an antiadhesive agent than in the control group. No intergroup difference was seen in the occurrence of postoperative stiffness. However, the pain-related functional score showed inferior results in the injection group at 12 months. The biological action of antiadhesive agents in rotator cuff repair should be further evaluated.
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Wu, Min, Xuetong Tong, Hui Wang, Lin Hua, and Yizhe Chen. "Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Adhesive Bonding of CFRP/Al Alloy Joints Grafted with Silane Coupling Agent." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 19, 2020): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040947.

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Adhesive bonding is widely used in the joining of metals and carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs). Ultrasonic vibration was used to improve adhesive bonding of CFRP/Al alloy joints grafted with silane coupling agent, and the effect of the ultrasound on the bonding was studied. The surface of Al alloy was treated with a silane coupling agent, and then the ultrasonic vibration was applied on the adherend during the adhesive bonding process. The shear strength was tested, and the mechanism was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). It is found that the ultrasonic assisting can further promote the bonding of the Al alloy and the adhesive. For the test joins, the shear strength was increased by 267.50% using the silanization treatment plus the ultrasonic assisting. The ultrasonic assisting promoted the grafted epoxy group to react with the adhesive more sufficiently at the Al/adhesive interface by causing micro-mixing and intensified molecule collision, and thus more chemical bond was formed. Under the ultrasonic action, the interface and the adhesive layer became tighter owing to the impact contact at the interface and the oscillating flow in the adhesive layer. The ultrasonic vibration assisting increased the bonding strength by promoting the chemical bond and improving physical morphology.
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Sandu, Gabriel, and Raimo Tuomela. "Joint action and group action made precise." Synthese 105, no. 3 (December 1995): 319–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01063562.

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Tomonaga, Akihito, Mitsuhiko Fukagawa, Asahi Suzuki, Mihoko Kurokawa, and Isao Nagaoka. "Evaluation of the effect of N-acetyl-glucosamine administration on biomarkers for cartilage metabolism in healthy individuals: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2017): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v7i8.366.

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Background: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate the chondroprotective action of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) supplement on healthy individuals without arthritis.Methods: Healthy subjects (n=120, 54.3 ± 8.1 years (mean ± SD)) without arthritis were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg GlcNAc (n=60, GlcNAc group) or a placebo (n=60, placebo group) once a day for 16 weeks, and cartilage metabolism was evaluated by analyzing type II collagen degradation (C2C) and type II collagen synthesis (PIICP) markers, and the ratio of type II collagen degradation to type II collagen synthesis (C2C/PIICP).Results: Among 120 eligible subjects, 114 subjects completed the study. First, all the subjects with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 and Kellgren and Lawrence grade of ≥1 were analyzed. However, the changes in the C2C and PIICP levels and the C2C/PIICP ratios from the baseline were not significantly different between the placebo and GlcNAc groups during 16 weeks and 8 weeks after the intervention. Next, to make the effect of GlcNAc even clearer, the subjects with body mass index of <25 kg/m2 and Kellgren and Lawrence grade of 0 were analyzed. The changes in the C2C levels from the baseline were significantly decreased in the GlcNAc group compared with the placebo group at 8 and 12 weeks during the intervention. In contrast, the changes in the PIICP levels from the baseline levels were almost constant during and after the intervention in both groups. Based on these findings, the changes in the C2C/CIICP ratios from the baseline slightly decreased in the GlcNAc group compared to the placebo group at 8 and 12 weeks during the intervention. Furthermore, no test supplement-related adverse events were observed during and after the intervention.Conclusions: These observations suggest that oral administration of GlcNAc at a dose of 500 mg/day exerts a chondroprotective effect in subjects without arthritis. This effect was achieved by improving cartilage metabolism (reducing type II collagen degradation), without causing apparent adverse effects. Key words: N-acetyl-glucosamine, biomarker, cartilage metabolism, joint health, randomized clinical study
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Collinson, Helen. "Joint action group fights computer crime." Computers & Security 14, no. 7 (January 1995): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4048(95)90132-9.

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Paul, Shubhra Deb, and Swarup Bhunia. "SILVerIn: Systematic Integrity Verification of Printed Circuit Board Using JTAG Infrastructure." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 17, no. 3 (June 25, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3460232.

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A printed circuit board (PCB) provides necessary mechanical support to an electronic system and acts as a platform for connecting electronic components. Counterfeiting and in-field tampering of PCBs have become significant security concerns in the semiconductor industry as a result of increasing untrusted entities in the supply chain. These counterfeit components may result in performance degradation, profit reduction, and reputation risk for the manufacturers. While Integrated Circuit (IC) level authentication using physical unclonable functions (PUFs) has been widely investigated, countermeasures at the PCB level are scarce. These approaches either suffer from significant overhead issues, or opportunistic counterfeiters can breach them like clockwork. Besides, they cannot be extended to system-level (both chip and PCB together), and their applications are also limited to a specific purpose (i.e., either counterfeiting or tampering). In this article, we introduce SILVerIn , a novel systematic approach to verify the authenticity of all chips used in a PCB as well as the board for combating attacks such as counterfeiting, cloning, and in-field malicious modifications. We develop this approach by utilizing the existing boundary scan architecture (BSA) of modern ICs and PCBs. As a result, its implementation comes at a negligible (∼0.5%) hardware overhead. SILVerIn is integrated into a PCB design during the manufacturing phase. We implement our technique on a custom hardware platform consisting of an FPGA and a microcontroller. We incorporate the industry-standard JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) interface to transmit test data into the BSA and perform hands-on measurement of supply current at both chip and PCB levels on 20 boards. We reconstruct these current values to digital signatures that exhibit high uniqueness, robustness, and randomness features. Our approach manifests strong reproducibility of signatures at different supply voltage levels, even with a low-resolution measurement setup. SILVerIn also demonstrates a high resilience against machine learning-based modeling attacks, with an average prediction accuracy of ∼51%. Finally, we conduct intentional alteration experiments by replacing the on-board FPGA to replicate the scenario of PCB tampering, and the results indicate successful detection of in-field modifications in a PCB.
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Mishra, Jitendra Mohan. "The Need for an E-Commerce Platform for India." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.7.2.

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Tourism and technology are synonymous with each other. There is no operation in the tourism industry which so far has not been technologically driven. The Ministry of Tourism (MoT), Government of India launched an ecommerce platform on July 25, 2007 in collaboration with Eviivo, a UK based online solution provider. This allowed domestic and international tourists to access information and book facilities online. The existence of a search engine on the home page of incredibleindia.org facilitated information search and upon selection, online booking facilities helped customers to book accommodation facilities. However, various tourism associations opposed the move of the MoT, Govt. of India. The associations, under the banner of a joint action group, demanded withdrawal of the e-commerce platform and cancellation of the appointment of Eviivo, UK. Subsequently, the government withdrew the decision owing to the pressure of the associations. As a result, the incredibleindia.org site at present does not have any flash banner for online booking. However, any such decisions of withdrawal or approval should be based on some survey and research. In this regard, in the present article the perception of operators as well as perspective tourists have been studied. The samples of operators and tourists in the Union Territory of Puducherry were selected as per the convenience of the researcher. The data collected through structured questionnaire were compared based on the Student’s T-test. The findings present the existence of significant difference between the operators and perspective tourists on the issues related to information search and property management solutions whereas there is no difference of perception of tourists as well as operators on issues such as online booking and payment gateway services, online market place for buyers and sellers and online marketing. Thus, the samples in Puducherry seem to have supported the move to have an e-commerce platform of the entire country as opposed to the move of their associations at national level. The findings have been substantiated with the related literature in the field
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Tindell, A., A. Mcgucken, S. Batool, and S. Siebert. "FRI0363 CLINICAL PREDICTORS OF SECUKINUMAB RETENTION IN A REAL WORLD COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS AND AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 779.1–779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5413.

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Background:There are increasing treatment options for patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA). Whilst there are several studies identifying predictors of response to TNF inhibitors1there is little data so far predicting response to the IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab which given its different mechanism of action may have different predictors of response.Objectives:To identify demographic or clinical factors at initiation of secukinumab associated with stopping treatment due to inefficacy in PsA and in AxSpA in a real world cohort.Methods:Retrospective analysis of all rheumatology patients’ notes in Glasgow who had received secukinumab. Demographics, disease activity at baseline and retention of secukinumab were collected from medical records in patients with a diagnosis of PsA or AxSpA. Patients who discontinued due to adverse events or other events (e.g. pregnancy) were excluded. Patients who remain on secukinumab but have not yet had their six-month review to assess response or who started secukinumab via a clinical trial were also excluded. Unpaired T-test of unequal variance used to assess differences between groups with p-value ≤0.05 considered significant.Results:352 rheumatology patients in Glasgow had ever received secukinumab. 266 had PsA, 76 had AxSpA (others: SAPHO, JIA, reactive arthritis).77 PsA patients discontinued secukinumab, 48 due to inefficacy. 157 PsA patients remain on secukinumab and have had at least an initial six-month review.Table 1 shows results for PsA. Inefficacy was associated with higher levels of current smoking and higher levels of ESR and CRP but not tender or swollen joints.Table 1.Demographics and clinical characteristics of PsA patients starting secukinumabStopped due to Inefficacy (n=48)Remain on Secukinumab (n=157)Significance (p value)Gender (M:F)1:1.861:2.30.24Age (years)47.850.80.078Current Smoking37%21%0.040Socioeconomic Decile4.95.00.39Weight (kg)81.685.90.11Number of Comorbidities1.721.850.31Disease Duration (years)10.411.20.24Number Previous bDMARDs1.691.400.095Tender Joint Count16.616.60.50Swollen Joint Count6.47.30.29Patient Global Score (VAS)62.467.70.19ESR (mm/hr)24.114.80.017CRP (mg/L)12.86.20.049Values are mean unless stated21 AxSpA patients discontinued secukinumab, 13 due to inefficacy. 49 AxSpA patients remain on secukinumab and have had at least an initial six-month review.AxSpA patients who stopped due to inefficacy had higher mean BASDAI (8.47 vs 7.02, p=0.007) but there was no difference in mean ESR (31 vs 27.1, p=0.31) or CRP (23.6 vs 23.0, p=0.48). Surprisingly, disease duration was lower in inefficacy group (7.8 years vs 13.5, p= 0.003); this could reflect a higher proportion in the inefficacy group with non-radiographic AxSpA which is known to be associated with earlier disease and to have a lower response to biologic treatments than ankylosing spondylitis. Smoking did not show significant difference in AxSpA but numbers are small and there is numerically higher level of smoking in the inefficacy group (58% vs 32%, p=0.063). No other significant differences in demographics or clinical characteristics were noted.Conclusion:Smoking predicted inefficacy in secukinumab in PsA patients, with a similar trend in AxSpA patients, reinforcing the importance of promoting smoking cessation. Higher levels of ESR and CRP negatively predicted secukinumab response in PsA. High BASDAI and low disease duration in AxSpA predicted inefficacy. These clinical factors may be helpful in informing treatment decisions in PsA and AxSpA in the absence of therapeutic biomarkers.References:[1]Maneiro JR et al. Predictors of response to TNF antagonists in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis.RMD Open. 2015;1(1):e000017.Disclosure of Interests:Alistair Tindell: None declared, Andrew McGucken: None declared, Saira Batool: None declared, Stefan Siebert Grant/research support from: BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen, Novartis
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Allanore, Y., A. M. Hoffmann-Vold, M. Mayes, M. Vonk, C. Miede, M. Alves, and G. Riemekasten. "OP0266 EFFICACY OF NINTEDANIB IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS-ASSOCIATED INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE (SSC-ILD) AND INTERNAL ORGAN INVOLVEMENT: DATA FROM THE SENSCIS TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 162.1–162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1067.

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Background:SSc is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterised by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. In most patients with SSc-ILD, organs other than the lungs are also affected. In the SENSCIS trial in patients with SSc-ILD, nintedanib reduced the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) (mL/year) over 52 weeks by 44% versus placebo.Objectives:We investigated the extent of organ involvement related to SSc at baseline in patients in the SENSCIS trial and the effect of nintedanib versus placebo on the rate of FVC decline in subgroups by internal organ involvement.Methods:The SENSCIS trial enrolled patients with SSc-ILD with first non-Raynaud symptom ≤7 years before screening, extent of fibrotic ILD ≥10% on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and FVC ≥40% predicted. Patients with clinically significant pulmonary hypertension were excluded. Patients were randomised to receive nintedanib or placebo until the last patient reached week 52 but for ≤100 weeks. In post-hoc analyses, we analysed the rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) over 52 weeks in subgroups with and without different types of SSc-related internal organ involvement (upper gastrointestinal; lower gastrointestinal; cardiovascular [CV]; peripheral vascular; muscular; joint). These subgroups were defined based on patients’ SSc-related medical history as reported in the case report form. A random slope and intercept model was used to assess the rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) and an interaction test applied to assess potential heterogeneity in the treatment effect of nintedanib between the subgroups.Results:Of 576 patients, 96.9% had peripheral vascular involvement, 75.5% had upper gastrointestinal and 39.8% lower gastrointestinal involvement, 45.7% had CV involvement, 40.6% had joint involvement, and 27.1% had muscular involvement at baseline. In the placebo group, the rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) was numerically greater in patients with than without upper gastrointestinal involvement and in patients without than with joint involvement or muscular involvement (Figure). The exploratory interaction p-values did not indicate heterogeneity in the treatment effect of nintedanib versus placebo on reducing the rate of decline in FVC (mL/year) between the subgroups based on organ involvement (p>0.05 for all treatment-by-time-by-subgroup interactions) (Figure).Conclusion:Patients in the SENSCIS trial had diverse complications related to SSc. There was no evidence of a differential treatment effect of nintedanib on reducing the rate of decline in FVC based on gastrointestinal, CV, joint, or muscular involvement at baseline.Acknowledgements:The SENSCIS trial was funded by Boehringer Ingelheim. Medical writing support was provided by FleishmanHillard Fishburn, London, UK. The authors meet criteria for authorship as recommended by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).Disclosure of Interests:Yannick Allanore Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Medsenic, Menarini and Sanofi, Grant/research support from: Alpine Pharmaceuticals, Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold Speakers bureau: Actelion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, MSD and Roche, Consultant of: Actelion, ARXX, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Medscape, MSD and Roche, Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Maureen Mayes Consultant of: Paid consultant or member of Advisory Board/Steering Committee for Boehringer Ingelheim, Eicos, Galapagos and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Grant/research support from: Clinical trial research support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Corbus, Eicos and Galapagos, Madelon Vonk Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen and Roche, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim and Janssen, Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Ferrer, Galapagos and Janssen, Corinna Miede Employee of: Currently an employee of mainanalytics GmbH, contracted by Boehringer Ingelheim, Margarida Alves Employee of: Currently an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim, Gabriela Riemekasten Speakers bureau: Actelion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cellgene, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Novartis and Roche, Consultant of: Actelion, Boehringer Ingelheim and Janssen, Grant/research support from: Janssen
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Conein, Bernard. "Group Patterns, Joint Action and Social Cognition: the Simmelian Hypothesis." Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive 46, no. 2 (2007): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/intel.2007.1285.

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Passalacqua, M., C. Foggi, N. Mauro, L. Tofani, S. Guiducci, C. Bruni, G. Lepri, et al. "THU0360 EFFICACY OF A SELF-TREATMENT PROTOCOL FOR FACE AND TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS REHABILITATION IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SSC)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 411.2–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3451.

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Background:In SSc, skin involvement of the face is frequent and extremely disabling, resulting in limited mouth opening, an altered dentition, difficulty in teeth care, as well as having a strong impact on the emotional and psychological well-being, thus impairing quality of life.Objectives:to evaluate the efficacy of a self-treatment protocol (created by AMURR A Multidisciplinary Association of Rheumatological Rehabilitation) for face and tempomandibular joints (TMJs) rehabilitation with two devices used in the dental field.Methods:40 SSc patients (37 female and 3 male) with a mouth opening ≤ 40 mm, were recruited and randomized in two groups of treatment: Group 1 (20 patients: mean age 50,650 yrs ± 13,937 SD, mean disease duraton 10,45 yrs ± 7,877 SD, opening mouth 32,250 mm ± 5,590 SD) treated with a home self-treatment protocol consisting of 23 exercises carried out at home in front of a mirror, 22/23 exercises were performed once a day, one of these using a device to obtain uniform stretching of the buccal rhyme, another one usingused three times a day to reduce tension of muscles of the TMJs, facilitating the mouth opening; group 2 (20 patients: mean age 58,05 yrs ± 18,103 SD, mean disease duration 17,4 yrs ± 15,017 SD, opening mouth 34,950 mm ± 5,753) without physical rehabilitation, only drugs as treatments of SSc and its complications. All patients underwent a baseline (T0) and 45 days (T1) clinimetric assessment by self-assessment of quality of life with SF-36 (Short-Form 36 Health Survey), of the degree of disability of the mouth with MHISS (of the Mouth Handicap in Systemic Sclerosis scale), Muscle pain evaluated by numerical rating scale (NRS) of the temporomandibular joint with TMD (Temporo mandibular Disorders), evaluation of mouth opening and ROM of the cervical spine. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test for assessing changes in all measurement scales between treatment groups.Results:The protocol of home physiotherapy exercises resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the treated group compared to group 2 both for mouth opening (T0: 32,250 ± 5,590, T1: 35,650 ± 6,046) vs (T0: 34,950 ± 5,753 T1: 34,300 ± 6,001) (p<0.001), cervical flexion (T0: 2,950 ± 1,939 T1: 1.700 ± 1,525) vs (T0: 4,450 ± 2,282 T1:4,075 ± 2,238) (p<0.01), cervical extension (T0: 17,025 ± 1,895 T1: 17,625 ± 1,605) vs (T0: 17,050 ± 2,089 T1: 16,525 ± 3,110) (p<0.05), cervical right lateral flexion (T0: 14,075 ± 2,386 T1:13,400 ± 2,431) vs (T0: 14,200 ± 1,765 T1: 14,425 ± 1,742) (p<0.01), cervical right rotation (T0: 14,200 ± 3,416 T1:13,750 ± 3,206) vs (T0: 14,900 ± 1,683 T1: 15,550 ± 2,188) (p<0.01), cervical left rotation (T0: 14,725 ±3,640 T1:14,450 ± 3,710) vs (T0: 15,900 ± 2,614 T1: 16,450 ± 2,964) (p<0.05), mouth disability at MHISS (T0: 19,100 ± 10,356 T1: 16,000 ± 9,989) vs (T0: 20,950 ± 9,950, T1: 21,100 ± 10,775) (p<0.01).Conclusion:The use of the home exercises protocol associated with the two devices has shown a significant improvement of the disability linked to skin involvement of the face. This highlights the fundamental role that home rehabilitation self therapy has in practice. These data will need to be confirmed in a larger cohort of patientsDisclosure of Interests:Mauro Passalacqua: None declared, Cristian Foggi: None declared, Nicola Mauro: None declared, Lorenzo Tofani: None declared, Serena Guiducci: None declared, Cosimo Bruni Speakers bureau: Actelion, Eli Lilly, Gemma Lepri: None declared, Jelena Blagojevic: None declared, Khadija El Aoufy: None declared, Ginevra Fiori: None declared, Francesca Bartoli: None declared, Susanna Maddali Bongi: None declared, Marco Mitola: None declared, Marco Gizduloch: None declared, Marco Matucci-Cerinic Grant/research support from: Actelion, MSD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Speakers bureau: Acetelion, Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, Silvia Bellando Randone: None declared
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Handayani, Sri, and Susana Nurtanti. "The Effect of Active Assistive Range of Motion to Blood Pressure Decrease of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patient." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 15, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v15i2.19459.

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The application of physical exercise that meets Frequency, Intensities, Time, Type can be applied to control the increase in blood sugar levels and reduce blood pressure. This research is a quantitative study with a pre-experiment design using a one group pretest-posttest model. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of providing Active Assistive Range of Motion actions in the form of isotonic movements where contractions of the muscles shorten with the movements of each joint in accordance with the range of motion which is normal but the tension in the muscles remains constant during the contraction to decrease blood pressure in people with type II diabetes mellitus. This research was carried out in 2019. The population of this study were people with type II diabetes mellitus who participated in chronic disease management program activities at the Baturetno Health Center as many as 52 people. The research sample of 25 people was taken by purposive sampling technique. The results showed a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the range of 0-15 mmHg with an average decrease of 8.6 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and 6.64 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. Statistical test with Wilcoxon obtained Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0,000 with a confidence level of 95% so that it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the blood pressure of patients with type II DM before and after the Active Assistive Range of Motion treatment at Baturetno Health Center.
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Trumbower, Randy D., Vengateswaran J. Ravichandran, Matthew A. Krutky, and Eric J. Perreault. "Contributions of Altered Stretch Reflex Coordination to Arm Impairments Following Stroke." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 6 (December 2010): 3612–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00804.2009.

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Patterns of stereotyped muscle coactivation, clinically referred to as synergies, emerge following stroke and impair arm function. Although researchers have focused on cortical contributions, there is growing evidence that altered stretch reflex pathways may also contribute to impairment. However, most previous reflex studies have focused on passive, single-joint movements without regard to their coordination during volitional actions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of stroke on coordinated activity of stretch reflexes elicited in multiple arm muscles following multijoint perturbations. We hypothesized that cortical injury results in increased stretch reflexes of muscles characteristic of the abnormal flexor synergy during active arm conditions. To test this hypothesis, we used a robot to apply position perturbations to impaired arms of 10 stroke survivors and dominant arms of 8 healthy age-matched controls. Corresponding reflexes were assessed during volitional contractions simulating different levels of gravitational support, as well as during voluntary flexion and extension of the elbow and shoulder. Reflexes were quantified by average rectified surface electromyogram, recorded from eight muscles spanning the elbow and shoulder. Reflex coordination was quantified using an independent components analysis. We found stretch reflexes elicited in the stroke group were significantly less sensitive to changes in background muscle activation compared with those in the control group ( P < 0.05). We also observed significantly increased reflex coupling between elbow flexor and shoulder abductor–extensor muscles in stroke subjects relative to that in control subjects. This increased coupling was present only during volitional tasks that required elbow flexion ( P < 0.001), shoulder extension ( P < 0.01), and gravity opposition ( P < 0.01), but not during the “no load” condition. During volitional contractions, reflex amplitudes scaled with the level of impairment, as assessed by Fugl-Meyer scores ( r2 = 0.63; P < 0.05). We conclude that altered reflex coordination is indicative of motor impairment level and may contribute to impaired arm function following stroke.
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Török, Georgina, Barbara Pomiechowska, Gergely Csibra, and Natalie Sebanz. "Rationality in Joint Action: Maximizing Coefficiency in Coordination." Psychological Science 30, no. 6 (May 14, 2019): 930–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619842550.

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When people perform simple actions, they often behave efficiently, minimizing the costs of movement for the expected benefit. The present study addressed the question of whether this efficiency scales up to dyads working together to achieve a shared goal: Do people act efficiently as a group (i.e., coefficiently), or do they minimize their own or their partner’s individual costs even if this increases the overall cost for the group? We devised a novel, touch-screen-based, sequential object-transfer task to measure how people choose between different paths to coordinate with a partner. Across multiple experiments, we found that participants did not simply minimize their own or their partner’s movement costs but made coefficient decisions about paths, which ensured that the aggregate costs of movement for the dyad were minimized. These results suggest that people are able and motivated to make coefficient, collectively rational decisions when acting together.
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Woytowicz, Elizabeth J., Robert L. Sainburg, Kelly P. Westlake, and Jill Whitall. "Competition for limited neural resources in older adults leads to greater asymmetry of bilateral movements than in young adults." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00405.2019.

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We previously demonstrated that lateralization in the neural control of predictive and impedance mechanisms is reflected by interlimb differences in control of bilateral tasks. Aging has been shown to reduce lateralization during unilateral performance, presumably due to greater recruitment of the ipsilateral hemisphere. We now hypothesize that aging-related reduction in the efficiency of neural resources should produce greater behavioral asymmetry during bilateral actions that require hemispheric specialization for each arm. This is because simultaneous control of dominant and nondominant arm function should induce competition for hemisphere-specific resources. To test this hypothesis, we now examine the effect of aging (young, n = 20; old, n = 20) on performance of a mechanically coupled task, in which one arm reaches toward targets while the other arm stabilizes against a spring that connects the two arms. Results indicate better dominant arm reaching performance and better nondominant arm stabilizing performance for both groups. Most notably, limb and joint compliance was lower in the dominant arm, leading to dominant arm deficits in stabilizing performance. Group analysis indicated that older adults showed substantially greater asymmetry in stabilizing against the spring load than did the younger adults. We propose that competition for limited neural resources in older adults is associated with reduced contributions of right hemisphere mechanisms to right-dominant arm stabilizing performance, and thus to greater asymmetry of performance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We provide evidence for greater asymmetry of interlimb differences in bilateral coordination for stabilizing and preserved asymmetry of reaching with aging. These results provide the first evidence for increased lateralization with aging within the context of a complementary bilateral task.
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Iani, Cristina, Filomena Anelli, Roberto Nicoletti, Luciano Arcuri, and Sandro Rubichi. "The role of group membership on the modulation of joint action." Experimental Brain Research 211, no. 3-4 (April 7, 2011): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2651-x.

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Rubtsov, Vitaly. "Group work with the computer: the developing organisation of joint action." European Journal of Psychology of Education 7, no. 4 (December 1992): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03172894.

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Ancot, J. P., R. Iwema, J. Paelinck, and G. den Broeder. "Test d’une hypothèse d’investissement à écarts multiples." Articles 56, no. 1 (January 21, 2009): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600888ar.

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Abstract According to the multiple-gap hypothesis, investment decisions, determined by the joint action of multiple determinants, result from the dominance at the time of the decision of the most constraining of these factors. This hypothesis is tested on Dutch investment data for the period 1951-1974 by means of three types of models: a "rigid" model in which a single regime is selected at any time, and two "flexible" models allowing for a joint action of the various determinants, the last model incorporating a switching mechanism with respect to the dominant factor. Estimation problems are discussed and the results obtained with the different models are compared.
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Fafchamps, Marcel, and Ruth Vargas Hill. "Redistribution and Group Participation: Experimental Evidence from Africa and the UK." World Bank Economic Review 33, no. 3 (April 6, 2018): 717–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhx013.

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Abstract We investigate whether the prospect of redistribution hinders the formation of efficiency-enhancing groups. We conduct an experiment in a Kenyan slum, Ugandan villages, and a UK university town. We test, in an anonymous setting with no feedback, whether subjects join a group that increases their endowment but exposes them to one of three redistributive actions: stealing, giving, or burning. We find that exposure to redistributive options among group members operates as a disincentive to join a group. This finding obtains under all three treatments—including when the pressure to redistribute is intrinsic. However the nature of the redistribution affects the magnitude of the impact. Giving has the least impact on the decision to join a group, while forced redistribution through stealing or burning acts as a much larger deterrent to group membership. These findings are common across all three subject pools, but African subjects are particularly reluctant to join a group in the burning treatment, indicating strong reluctance to expose themselves to destruction by others.
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Wibowo, Daniel Akbar, Dini Nurbaeti Zen, and Yalis Agustina. "PENGARUH TERAPI BACK MASSAGE TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT NYERI PADA PENDERITA RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DI DESA RAJADESA KECAMATAN RAJADESA KABUPATEN CIAMIS TAHUN 2018." Jurnal Keperawatan Galuh 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/jkg.v1i1.1836.

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Disease that is often complained by the public today one of the pain in the bone, which is better known by the community with rheumatism. Rheumatism or rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, progressive, chronic and tendonic inflammatory disease of joints and connective tissue symmetrically. One way of management of rheumatoid arthritis pain is back massage therapy. Back Massage is one of the techniques to give massage action on the back with lotions/balm for 10-15 minutes, the warm sensation leads to vasodilation of blood vessels that will improve blood circulation in the area so that the activity of the cell is increased and will reduce pain, increase comfort, reduce muscle tension and improve physical and psychological relaxation. This study aims to determine the effect of Back massage therapy to decrease the pain level of rheumatoid arthritis patients in Rajadesa Village Rajadesa Sub District Ciamis District in 2018. Type of research using Quasi Experiment Design with one group pretest-posttest design. Total sample 48 respondents with total sampling technique. Data collection using experimental method with VDS (Verbal Descriptor Scale) pain rate measurement tool. The result of statistical test by using Linear Regression shows Sig = 0,000 <0,05, t value = 18,935> 2,012. Then Ha is accepted, and the average value before therapy is 3.27 with a standard deviation of 0.818, whereas after therapy is 2.23 with a standard deviation of 0.881, meaning there is the effect of back massage therapy on the decrease of pain level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. So to reduce pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can be given back massage therapy.
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DeGaspari, John. "HIP Action." Mechanical Engineering 126, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-dec-4.

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The success of hip implants with elderly recipients has encouraged surgeons to increasingly perform hip replacement surgery on younger, more active patients as well. The condition that causes hip prostheses to loosen is known as osteolysis. While the problem affects only a relatively small set of recipients now, it may well grow as hip replacement surgery encompasses a wider range of eligible patients. A research group at the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom says it has patented a ceramic-on-metal hip prosthesis that produces one-tenth the wear particles of currently available hip replacement joints. The prosthesis has been licensed to a prosthetic manufacturer and is about to enter clinical trials in Europe. Some companies produce highly cross-linked polyethylene, either by thermal treatment or by radiation. Stryker Orthopaedics has Crossfire hip implants using highly cross-linked polyethylene cups against a metal ball. The company developed a ceramic-on-ceramic joint replacement, which it commercialized in 2003. The new Trident joint uses bearing surfaces of alumina ceramic. The company claims it has scratch resistance, low wear rates, good wettability for lubrication, and no ion release.
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