To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
Journal articles on the topic 'Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Eurosurveillance editorial team. "Swiss study suggests condom use not necessary for some HIV-positive patients." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 6 (February 7, 2008): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.06.08035-en.
Full textAbstract:
The United Nations Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a joint statement on 1 February regarding the use of condoms as a measure of protection against the AIDS virus [1]. The statement followed an article by Switzerlands Federal AIDS Commission, which reviewed a large body of literature to conclude that certain HIV-positive people may be able to have sexual intercourse with their seronegative partners without risk of transmitting the virus.
2
Inciardi, James A., and Lana D. Harrison. "HIV, AIDS, and Drug Abuse in the International Sector." Journal of Drug Issues 27, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269702700101.
Full textAbstract:
AIDS has become the leading cause of death among people under age 45 in many major cities throughout the United States and Western Europe, and the projected mortality rate for those infected with HIV is virtually 100%. As of July 5, 1996, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Programme on AIDS reported a cumulative 1,393,649 AIDS cases from 193 countries (WHO 1996). This represented a 19% increase in actual cases reported a year earlier. However, the WHO estimates that allowing for incomplete reporting and under-diagnosis, there were probably some 7.7 million cumulative AIDS cases by mid-1996. In terms of HIV, the WHO estimates that there has been a cumulative distribution of almost 30 million HIV-infected individuals as of mid-1996 (WHO 1996). The joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that some 20.1 million adults were living with HIV infection or AIDS at the close of 1995. By the year 2000, UNAIDS estimates project that 30 to 40 million people will have been infected with HIV worldwide (UNAIDS 1996). With more than 19 million HIV-infected adults, Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected region of the world (WHO 1996). The predominant mode of transmission since the beginning of the epidemic has been through heterosexual contact. The reuse of unsterilized hypodermic needles in transfusions and inoculations is also relatively common in many African nations. In a number of countries in that part of the world, furthermore, HIV infection has been spread through population movements due to situations of conflict or poverty (Decosas et al. 1995). The lower status of women in a number of African nations has also contributed to the rapid spread of the epidemic (UNAIDS 1996). HIV infections in African women outnumber men by a ratio of 6 to 5. More than 6 million women of childbearing age have been affected, and UNAIDS believes that as many as I million children may already have been infected either prior to or during birth, or during breast feeding (UNAIDS 1996). Another contributing factor has been the full range of sexually transmitted diseases, which increase the risk of HIV infection if left untreated (UNAIDS 1996).
3
Wirawan, Dewa Nyoman. "Stigma and discrimination: Barrier for ending AIDS by 2030 and achieving the 90-90-90 targets by 2020." Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive 7, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v7i1.206.
Full textAbstract:
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV-AIDS (UNAIDS) put forward an ambitious vision of “three zero” which consisted of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. In other words, it is envisaged there will be no new HIV infections, no more discrimination towards people living with HIV and no more AIDS-related deaths. UNAIDS also set the target of “ending AIDS” as a public health threat by 2030. In order to end the HIV epidemic by 2030, in 2014 UNAIDS established a fast tract strategy namely "90-90-90" which means by 2020, 90% of all people living with HIV will know their HIV status, 90% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection will receive sustained access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 90% of all people receiving antiretroviral therapy will achieve viral suppression. If this target of "90-90-90" is achieved, it is estimated that by 2020 at least 73% of all people living with HIV worldwide will experience viral suppression; further modeling suggests that if this target is achieved this will bring about the “end of AIDS” by 2030.
4
Emlet, Charles A., Kelly K. O’Brien, and Karen Fredriksen Goldsen. "The Global Impact of HIV on Sexual and Gender Minority Older Adults: Challenges, Progress, and Future Directions." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 89, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 108–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415019843456.
Full textAbstract:
According to Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 36.9 million people are living with HIV worldwide. Older adults, those aged 50 years and older, with HIV are increasing worldwide; however, the prevalence and incidence differ substantially across regions. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of how HIV is impacting older adults globally, with a focus on sexual and gender minority older adults. The article is organized using the eight geographical regions from UNAIDS, with information on the prevalence and incidence among older adults. Among sexual and gender minority older adults, key risks are identified, including laws that criminalize same-sex relationships; issues of stigma and fear; and the concomitant lack of access and barriers to HIV testing, treatment, and prevention. Progress within each region toward the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets is included, and suggestions for future directions of research and service delivery are made.
5
PARKER, MELISSA. "HIV and Infant Feeding. (World Health Organization, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and United Nations Children's Fund, 1998.) US $14.40." Journal of Biosocial Science 32, no. 2 (January 2000): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000222839.
Full text
6
Gayle, Helene D., and Gena L. Hill. "Global Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2001): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.14.2.327-335.2001.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY This review provides information on the epidemiology, economic impact, and intervention strategies for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS pandemic in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) at the end of 1999, an estimated 34.3 million people were living with HIV/AIDS. Most of the people living with HIV, 95% of the global total, live in developing countries. Examples of the impact of HIV/AIDS in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Newly Independent States provide insight into the demographics, modes of exposure, treatment and prevention options, and the economic effect of the epidemic on the global community. The epidemic in each region of the world is influenced by the specific risk factors that are associated with the spread of HIV/AIDS and the responses that have evolved to address it. These influences are important in developing HIV/AIDS policies and programs to effectively address the global pandemic.
7
Zhao, Yan, Jennifer M. McGoogan, and Zunyou Wu. "The Benefits of Immediate ART." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821983171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219831714.
Full textAbstract:
The benefits of “early” antiretroviral therapy (ART; ie, initiation when CD4 ≥500 cells/mm3) are now well accepted as reflected in the removal of the CD4-based eligibility from new ART guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, neither the “treat-all” strategy recommendations presented in the guidelines nor the HIV care cascade goals in the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets adequately address the issue of ART timing. Our recent study on “immediate” ART (ie, ≤30 days after HIV diagnosis) adds important evidence demonstrating the real and meaningful benefits of rapid ART initiation even among those who have CD4 ≥500 cells/mm3. We call on WHO and UNAIDS to consider this research and encourage a shift from the treat-all strategy to an “immediately-treat-all” strategy, and from a slow, fragmented, complicated, multistep HIV care cascade to a fast, easy, and simple cascade with effectiveness measures that incorporate the important aspect of time.
8
Camoni, Laura, Vincenza Regine, Karen Stanecki, Maria Cristina Salfa, Mariangela Raimondo, and Barbara Suligoi. "Estimates of the Number of People Living with HIV in Italy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/209619.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To estimate the HIV prevalence and the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Italy with a projection for 2020.Methods. Two methods elaborated by Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) were used: Estimate and Projection Package and Spectrum.Results. A total of 123,000 (115,000–145,000) individuals aged 15 or more were estimated to be living with HIV in Italy at the end of 2012 and the estimated HIV prevalence was 0.28 (0.24–0.32) per 100 residents aged 15 or more. In 2012, the estimated number of new HIV infections among adults was 3,000 (2,700–4,000), and the number of adults in need for ART was 93,000 (80,000–110,000). The projection estimates that 130,000 (110,000–150,000) adults will live with HIV/AIDS in 2020 in Italy.Conclusion. Estimates of PLHIV in Italy stress the high number of PLHIV in need of care and treatment, as well as the need for more information and prevention campaigns.
9
Harries, Anthony D., Amitabh B. Suthar, Kudakwashe C. Takarinda, Hannock Tweya, Nang Thu Thu Kyaw, Katie Tayler-Smith, and Rony Zachariah. "Ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic in low- and middle-income countries by 2030: is it possible?" F1000Research 5 (September 15, 2016): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.9247.1.
Full textAbstract:
The international community has committed to ending the epidemics of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical infections by 2030, and this bold stance deserves universal support. In this paper, we discuss whether this ambitious goal is achievable for HIV/AIDS and what is needed to further accelerate progress. The joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets and the related strategy are built upon currently available health technologies that can diagnose HIV infection and suppress viral replication in all people with HIV. Nonetheless, there is much work to be done in ensuring equitable access to these HIV services for key populations and those who remain outside the rims of the traditional health services. Identifying a cure and a preventive vaccine would further help accelerate progress in ending the epidemic. Other disease control programmes could learn from the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
10
Jianu, Cristian, Corina Itu-Mureşan, Adriana Violeta Topan, Irina Filipescu, Mihaela Elena Jianu, Carmen Stanca Melincovici, Carmen Mihaela Mihu, and Sorana D. Bolboacă. "Continuum of Care UNAIDS Fast-Track Targets Evaluation of Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." Healthcare 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101249.
Full textAbstract:
The current study evaluated the progress of continuum healthcare for patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from Cluj County in two moments, 2016 and 2020, and compared the results to the Fast-Track targets (FTTs) proposed by the Joint United Nations Programme (UNAIDS) on HIV/AIDS. By the end of 2020, 368 out of 385 confirmed HIV-positive patients from Cluj County were under surveillance in our center, representing almost 95% of the patients living with HIV and knowing their diagnosis, compared to 87.9% in 2016. Nearly 97% of those in active follow-up from Cluj County were under antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2020, compared to 89% in 2016. The number of virally suppressed patients from those under ART was almost 94% in 2020, compared to 82.7% in 2016, and the increase is observed regardless of the ART regime. A shift towards integrase strand transfer inhibitors, with a higher efficacy, fewer adverse effects, and fewer drug interactions, is observed, which could contribute to the decrease in HIV transmission.
11
Coleman, Rosalind. "Setting the scene, setting the targets. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS prevention targets of 2016 and estimating global pre-exposure prophylaxis targets." Sexual Health 15, no. 6 (2018): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh18147.
Full textAbstract:
Commitment to ambitious and time-bound targets for HIV interventions has been part of the response from the beginning of the HIV epidemic. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) HIV primary prevention workA is built on five pillars that include offering pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to population groups at substantial risk of HIV infection. After a slow start, countries are now setting coverage targets for PrEP, but the weakness of epidemiological, demographic and behavioural data at subnational level in many countries where there is a high burden of new HIV infections, makes it difficult to define the locations and populations where to offer PrEP. This article reviews the history and challenges of PrEP target setting and suggests some possible ways of strengthening the process. Reviewing program data will identify gaps in reaching key and other priority populations for whom coverage targets were set and help to refine the offer of PrEP.
12
Guenter, D. "Ethical considerations in international HIV vaccine trials: summary of a consultative process conducted by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)." Journal of Medical Ethics 26, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.26.1.37.
Full text
13
Vandormael, Alain, Diego Cuadros, Hae-Young Kim, Till Bärnighausen, and Frank Tanser. "The state of the HIV epidemic in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a novel application of disease metrics to assess trajectories and highlight areas for intervention." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz269.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background South Africa is at the epicentre of the HIV pandemic, with the world's highest number of new infections and the largest treatment programme. Using metrics proposed by the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS), we evaluate progress toward epidemic control and highlight areas for intervention in a hyperendemic South African setting. Methods The Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) maintains a comprehensive population-based surveillance system in the Hlabisa sub-district of KwaZulu-Natal. Between 2005 and 2017, we tested 39 735 participants (aged 15–49 years) for HIV and followed 22 758 HIV-negative and 13 460 HIV-positive participants to identify new infections and all-cause AIDS-related deaths, respectively. Using these data, we estimated the percentage reduction in incidence, the absolute incidence rate, the incidence-mortality ratio and the incidence-prevalence ratio over place and time. Results We observed a 62% reduction in the number of new infections among men between 2012 and 2017 and a 34% reduction among women between 2014 and 2017. Among men, the incidence-mortality ratio peaked at 4.1 in 2013 and declined to 3.1 in 2017, and among women it fell from a high of 6.4 in 2014 to 4.3 in 2017. Between 2012 and 2017, the female-incidence/male-prevalence ratio declined from 0.24 to 0.13 and the male-incidence/female-prevalence ratio from 0.05 to 0.02. Conclusions Using data from a population-based cohort study, we report impressive progress toward HIV epidemic control in a severely affected South African setting. However, overall progress is off track for 2020 targets set by the UNAIDS. Spatial estimates of the metrics, which demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity over place and time, indicate areas that could benefit from additional or optimized HIV prevention services.
14
Gisslén, M., V. Svedhem, L. Lindborg, L. Flamholc, H. Norrgren, S. Wendahl, M. Axelsson, and A. Sönnerborg. "Sweden, the first country to achieve the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 continuum of HIV care targets." HIV Medicine 18, no. 4 (August 18, 2016): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12431.
Full text
15
Nabisubi, Patricia, Stephen Kanyerezi, Grace Kebirungi, and Gerald Mboowa. "Knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda towards HIV transmission and treatment." AAS Open Research 4 (July 12, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13210.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: One of the major health concerns in Nakaseke district, Uganda is the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), as of March 2014, the prevalence rate of the disease in the district was estimated at about 8%, compared to the national average of 6.5%, making Nakaseke district have the sixth-highest prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the entire country. We set out to explore the knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda on HIV transmission and treatment. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey-based study with data collected during the month of February 2020. Data were analyzed using R programming language version 3.6.2. Results: A total of 163 participants volunteered for the study, 53.37% males and 46.63% females with ages ranging from 12 – 20 years. Participants came from 5 senior classes (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S6). In total, 87.73% participants were aware of HIV/AIDS while 12.27% were not. The major source of information was through teachers/schools. 96.50% knew the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS and 95.11% were conversant with HIV/AIDS prevention. 63.6% were aware of the terms DNA and genes whereas 36.36% were not. Discussion: Generally, the students in Nakaseke district, Uganda had a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS based on Bloom’s cut-off point. However, with regards to aspects such as the cause and modern prevention methods like taking prep and prevention of mother to child transmission were less known to them. Efforts to find a cure for HIV/AIDS are still in vain. Therefore, strong emphasis on up to date control and prevention methods should be implemented to fight the HIV/AIDS scourge.
16
Nabisubi, Patricia, Stephen Kanyerezi, Grace Kebirungi, and Gerald Mboowa. "Knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda towards HIV transmission and treatment." AAS Open Research 4 (May 5, 2021): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13210.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: One of the major health concerns in Nakaseke district, Uganda is the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), as of March 2014, the prevalence rate of the disease in the district was estimated at about 8%, compared to the national average of 6.5%, making Nakaseke district have the sixth-highest prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the entire country. We set out to explore the knowledge and attitude of secondary school students in Nakaseke, Uganda on HIV transmission and treatment. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey-based study with data collected during the month of February 2020. Data were analyzed using R programming language version 3.6.2. Results: A total of 163 participants volunteered for the study, 53.37% males and 46.63% females with ages ranging from 12 – 20 years. Participants came from 5 senior classes (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S6). In total, 87.73% participants were aware of HIV/AIDS while 12.27% were not. The major source of information was through teachers/schools. 96.50% knew the mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS and 95.11% were conversant with HIV/AIDS prevention. 63.6% were aware of the terms DNA and genes whereas 36.36% were not. Discussion: Generally, the students in Nakaseke district, Uganda had a high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS. However, with regards to aspects such as the cause and modern prevention methods like taking prep and prevention of mother to child transmission were less known to them. Efforts to find a cure for HIV/AIDS are still in vain. Therefore, strong emphasis on up to date control and prevention methods should be implemented to fight the HIV/AIDS scourge.
17
&NA;. "According to WHO and UNAIDS (The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS), a phase III study* of the microbicide cellulose sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1139 (February 2007): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711390-00006.
Full text
18
&NA;. "According to WHO and UNAIDS (The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS), a phase III study* of the microbicide cellulose sulfate." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1575 (February 2007): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200715750-00042.
Full text
19
Ochani, Rohan Kumar, Asim Shaikh, Ameema Asad, and Simran Batra. "HIV outbreak in Pakistan - a wakeup call?" Pakistan Journal of Surgery and Medicine 1, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/pjsm.v1i2.182.
Full textAbstract:
Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) is a global threat with an estimated 38.6 million people being previously infected while 25 million of them have succumbed to the disease. In Pakistan, since 2004, there has been a 50-fold increase from 2700 to 130,000 in the number of people infected with HIV, while Sub- Saharan Africa alone bears the heaviest burden of HIV having 25 million infected individuals. Considering these devastating numbers, it was alarming to find that in June 2019, 751 new cases of HIV were diagnosed in Larkana, in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Therefore, to make sure that the efforts of international institutions like The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) which are trying to effectively reduce the spread of HIV are such regions is streamlined it is extremely important to highlight some of the underlying causes which are endemic to such regions such as re-using of blades by barbers and the practice of re-using needles by un-licensed medical practitioners offering miraculous cures. It is also equally important to suggest and re-iterate possible ways in which this situation, which is rapidly worsening, can be improved.
20
Darma, Sidrah, Herry D. Nawing, Ninny Meutia Pelupessy, and Husein Albar. "A Child with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Infection Accompanied by Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Case Report." Green Medical Journal 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/gmj.v2i3.66.
Full textAbstract:
Joint United Nations Programme in HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) reported that 1.8 million children under 15 years old had HIV with 150,000 new pediatric cases in 2015, and only 49% had an antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Mortality in HIV-infected children with severe acute malnutrition was 30.4% in Africa. A 1-year and 8-months-old girl was hospitalized due to diarrhea, vomiting, oral thrush, and recurrent fever before admission. She has been hospitalized for HIV infection one month ago and treated with ARV. Her mother was treated with ARV before. Physical examination showed a severely ill, poorly nourished, stunting, and conscious child with normal vital signs. There was oral thrush. The evidence of nutritional marasmus was old man face, piano sign, wasting, and baggy pants. Laboratory findings revealed anemia, positive antigen and antibody of HIV infection, and low Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4). She was treated with ARV, Cotrimoxazole, and management of malnutrition and diarrhea. The prognosis of the patient was poor. A 1-year and 8-months-old girl with HIV infection complicated with severe acute malnutrition, acute diarrhea, oral thrush, and anemia of chronic disease were reported. The diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory findings. Management focused on the therapy of HIV and accompanying illness. The prognosis was poor.
21
Vourli, Georgia, Teymur Noori, Anastasia Pharris, Kholoud Porter, Maria Axelsson, Josip Begovac, Francoise Cazein, et al. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus Continuum of Care in 11 European Union Countries at the End of 2016 Overall and by Key Population: Have We Made Progress?" Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 11 (September 22, 2020): 2905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa696.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background High uptake of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is essential to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and related mortality; however, gaps in care exist. We aimed to construct the continuum of HIV care (CoC) in 2016 in 11 European Union (EU) countries, overall and by key population and sex. To estimate progress toward the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 target, we compared 2016 to 2013 estimates for the same countries, representing 73% of the population in the region. Methods A CoC with the following 4 stages was constructed: number of people living with HIV (PLHIV); proportion of PLHIV diagnosed; proportion of those diagnosed who ever initiated ART; and proportion of those ever treated who achieved viral suppression at their last visit. Results We estimated that 87% of PLHIV were diagnosed; 92% of those diagnosed had ever initiated ART; and 91% of those ever on ART, or 73% of all PLHIV, were virally suppressed. Corresponding figures for men having sex with men were: 86%, 93%, 93%, 74%; for people who inject drugs: 94%, 88%, 85%, 70%; and for heterosexuals: 86%, 92%, 91%, 72%. The proportion suppressed of all PLHIV ranged from 59% to 86% across countries. Conclusions The EU is close to the 90-90-90 target and achieved the UNAIDS target of 73% of all PLHIV virally suppressed, significant progress since 2013 when 60% of all PLHIV were virally suppressed. Strengthening of testing programs and treatment support, along with prevention interventions, are needed to achieve HIV epidemic control.
22
Jovicevic, Ljiljana, Milan Parlic, Jasmina Stevanovic, Tatjana Novakovic, Snezana Barjaktarovic-Labovic, and Marija Milic. "Awareness of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections among the Montenegrin seafarers." Vojnosanitetski pregled 76, no. 1 (2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160914059j.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Aim. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to be a major global public health issue having claimed more than 35 million lives so far. Seafarers belong to a group of migrant workers whose working and living conditions are confined for a long time. Their way of life put them at a high risk of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge about HIV and other STIs among Montenegrin sailors. Methods. A research was carried out from October 2014 to April 2015 as a cross-sectional study. The research included 543 examinees. A research instrument was a particularly structured closed-type questionnaire created by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (UNAIDS) and used in international and national researches. For data analysis, we used the SPSS for Windows 20.0. Results. The result that only 42.9% of the examinees knew that HIV and STI transmission could be prevented by a proper and frequent use of condoms was alarming. More than a third of the examinees (38.9%) were aware of the fact that HIV could be transmitted by having sexual intercourse with a person who looked healthy, while 25.6% of them thought that HIV could not be transmitted in this way. Considering the level of education, there was a statistically significant difference related to the awareness of HIV transmission by sharing a meal with a person was HIV positive (p = 0.001). There was also found a statistically significant difference related to the awareness of the examinees about HIV transmission by using public toilets (p = 0.004). Conclusion. The results of this research showed that beside the fact that awareness level of HIV and STIs among the sailors was heightened in comparison to 2008, the level of awareness is still not satisfactory.
23
Ajayi, A. I., E. Mudefi, O. V. Adeniyi, and D. T. Goon. "Achieving the first of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets: understanding the influence of HIV risk perceptions, knowing one’s partner’s status and discussion of HIV/sexually transmitted infections with a sexual partner on uptake of HIV testing." International Health 11, no. 6 (July 31, 2019): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz056.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This study assessed how HIV risk perceptions, knowledge of one’s partner’s status and discussion of HIV/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with one’s sexual partner influence the uptake of HIV testing. Data were obtained from 833 young adults, selected using stratified random sampling in a South African university in 2018. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were employed to examine determinants of HIV testing uptake. The majority of students (69.9%) had previously tested for HIV, but only 58.4% tested for HIV in the last year. Being highly concerned about contracting HIV/STIs was positively associated with having tested for HIV (adjusted OR [AOR]: 4.28; CI: 2.50 to 7.34) and getting an HIV test in the past year (AOR: 1.83; CI: 1.20 to 2.80). Knowing one’s partner’s status was associated with a higher probability of ever having been tested for HIV (AOR: 3.07; CI: 1.89 to 4.97) or having received an HIV test in the previous year (AOR: 2.66; CI: 1.77 to 3.99). Discussion of HIV/STIs was associated with higher odds of having ever been tested for HIV (AOR: 3.81; CI: 2.44 to 5.96) and recent HIV testing (AOR: 3.22; CI: 2.17 to 4.77). HIV testing was below the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNAIDS 90-90-90 target. Being concerned about contracting HIV, discussion of HIV/STIs with a sexual partner and knowing one’s partner’s HIV status were associated with the uptake of HIV testing.
24
Rusev, I. T., A. A. Kuzin, E. A. Malikova, K. V. Kozlov, K. V. Zhdanov, R. V. Beznosik, V. G. Karpushchenko, et al. "Сomparative epidemiological and demographic characteristics of TB and HIV infections among military personnel of the Russian Federation and USA armed forces and armed forces of National liberation army of people’s Republic of Сhina." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 13, no. 2 (June 19, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2021-13-2-33-43.
Full textAbstract:
More than 1,7 million people, 770 thousand people from HIV infection, died from tuberculosis worldwide in 2018. In accordance with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and the World Health Organization’s strategy to fight tuberculosis, all countries need to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis by 80% and reduce the death rate from tuberculosis by 90% by 2030. According to the Joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) goals of «90–90–90», countries should achieve the following indicators by 2020: «90% of people living with HIV infection should know their HIV status; 90% of those who know about their HIV infection should receive treatment, and 90% of those who are being treated should not have their viral load determined». Socially significant diseases are a serious problem for the Russian Federation (RF). The RF is one of 30 countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis and ranks 3rd place in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and 6th place in the prevalence of HIV infection. Socially significant diseases present a serious problem for the Armed Forces of the RF. 150 new cases of tuberculosis, over 50 cases of HIV infection are diagnosed every year among military personnel of the RF Armed Forces.The purpose of the study is to analyze the current epidemiological situation of tuberculosis and HIV infection in the armed forces of the Russian Federation and foreign armies, to generalize domestic and foreign experience in the organization of medical care for military personnel with these diseases.Data from reports of the medical service and a review of domestic Russian and foreign medical literature allowed us to assess TB and HIV sickness rate among military personnel in the RF and foreign states, as well as to characterize the current system of medical care for this category of patients.
25
Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis, Hubert Balique, Fodié Diallo, Nikos Kalampalikis, Marion Mora, Michel Bourrelly, Marie Suzan-Monti, Bruno Spire, and Bintou Dembélé Keita. "Prevalence of HIV at the Kokoyo informal gold mining site: what lies behind the glitter of gold with regard to HIV epidemics in Mali? A community-based approach (the ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo cross-sectional survey)." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016558.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesThe aim of this article was to estimate HIV prevalence and the factors associated with HIV seropositivity in the population living and working at the informal artisanal small-scale gold mining (IASGM) site of Kokoyo in Mali, using data from the Sanu Gundo survey. Our main hypothesis was that HIV prevalence is higher in the context of IASGM than in the country as a whole.DesignThe ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo was a cross-sectional survey conducted in December 2015. The quantitative survey consisted of face-to-face administration of questionnaires. Five focus groups were conducted for the qualitative survey. HIV prevalence was calculated for the sample, and according to the type of activity performed in IASGM.SettingsThe IASGM site of Kokoyo, one of the largest sites in Mali (between 6000 and 1000 people).Participants224 respondents: 37.5% were gold-diggers, 33% retail traders, 6.7%tombolomas(ie, traditional guards) and 9% female sex workers. The remaining 13.8% reported another activity (mainly street vending).Primary and secondary outcome measuresHIV prevalence and HIV prevalence according to subgroup, as defined by their activity at the Kokoyo IASGM. A probit logistic regression was implemented to estimate the characteristics associated with HIV seropositivity.ResultsHIV prevalence for the total sample was 8% (95% CI 7.7% to 8.3%), which is much higher than the 2015 national prevalence of 1.3%Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The probability of HIV seropositivity was 7.8% (p=0.037) higher for female non-sex workers than for any other category, and this probability increased significantly with age. Qualitative data revealed the non-systematic use of condoms with sex workers; and long distance from health services was the main barrier to accessing care.ConclusionsIntegrated policymaking should pay special attention to infectious diseases among populations in IASGM zones. Bringing information/prevention activities closer to people working in gold mining zones is an urgent public health action.
26
Laprise, Claudie, and Clara Bolster-Foucault. "Understanding barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in Canada from 2009–2019: A systematic mixed studies review." Canada Communicable Disease Report 47, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i02a03.
Full textAbstract:
Background: HIV testing is a core pillar of Canada’s approach to sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection (STBBI) prevention and treatment and is critical to achieving the first Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90–90–90 target. Despite progress toward this goal, many Canadians remain unaware of their status and testing varies across populations and jurisdictions. An understanding of drivers of HIV testing is essential to improve access to HIV testing and reach the undiagnosed. Objective: To examine current barriers and facilitators of HIV testing across key populations and jurisdictions in Canada. Methods: A systematic mixed studies review of peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted identifying quantitative and qualitative studies of barriers and facilitators to HIV testing in Canada published from 2009 to 2019. Studies were screened for inclusion and identified barriers and facilitators were extracted. The quality of included studies was assessed and results were summarized. Results: Forty-three relevant studies were identified. Common barriers emerge across key populations and jurisdictions, including difficulties accessing testing services, fear and stigma surrounding HIV, low risk perception, insufficient patient confidentiality and lack of resources for testing. Innovative practices that could facilitate HIV testing were identified, such as new testing settings (dental care, pharmacies, mobile units, emergency departments), new modalities (oral testing, peer counselling) and personalized sex/gender and age-based interventions and approaches. Key populations also face unique sociocultural, structural and legislative barriers to HIV testing. Many studies identified the need to offer a broad range of testing options and integrate testing within routine healthcare practices. Conclusion: Efforts to improve access to HIV testing should consider barriers and facilitators at the level of the individual, healthcare provider and policy and should focus on the accessibility, inclusivity, convenience and confidentiality of testing services. In addition, testing services must be adapted to the unique needs and contexts of key populations.
27
Herrmann, Jennifer, Jenny Lushaba, Lotte Michielsen, Nicklas Quirós, Robbe Saesen, Coenie Louw, Michael R. Jordan, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Astrid Van den Eede, and Anneleen Kiekens. "HIV-positive men as a key population for fighting HIVDR in Africa." Transdisciplinary Insights 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2018): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/tdi2018.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article is concerned with transdisciplinarity as a framework for addressing the wicked problem of rising HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) rates in Africa and its implications. According to data published by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), even though the number of AIDS-related deaths has declined by 48% between 2005 and 2016, this significant decrease is now threatened by a rise in resistance of HIV to antiretroviral drugs in several regions, including Africa. Through the application of transdisciplinary research methods, the team identified various factors with an impact on HIVDR, of which they found adherence to be the one most reasonable to address in the context of their research project. Subsequently, the team sought to characterise factors influencing non-adherence among HIV+ individuals. By identifying the current state of the problem, existing gaps in knowledge needed to tackle the issue and stakeholders with a pronounced impact on HIV+ individuals’ adherence and beliefs, non-governmental organisations and community health workers were established as particularly important actors. As a result of discussions with external experts and a review of the literature, the poor health-seeking behaviour of men, who represent a group particularly challenging to engage, became the focal point of the project. Eventually, investigating the possibility of setting up a health helpline providing <target target-type="page-num" id="p-79"/>peer-to-peer support to men living with HIV in South Africa was agreed upon as a concrete objective of the project in collaboration with Dr. Coenie Louw of the Gateway Health Institute. The attributes such a helpline would need to be useful and attractive to its target audience will be explored further in the near future by means of interviews with local community health workers as well as through focus group discussions with male HIV+ individuals in South Africa. A transdisciplinary approach to the problem of HIVDR facilitated the sharing of knowledge across multiple disciplines, which in turn facilitated the exchange of thoughts and ideas between students from different academic backgrounds and various stakeholders with expertise relevant to the project.
28
Kouanfack, Charles, Skinner Lekelem, Fala Bede, Ngwayu Claude Nkfusai, Yvette Nouafo, Christian Tchokonte, Nicaise Zephirin, and Pierre Joseph Fouda. "Use of Trained Non-Medical Staff to Improve Access to HIV Testing Services in Africa: Implementation of the World Health Organization Opt-out Approach in Cameroon." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 10, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.426.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in 2019 estimated that 450,000 to 50,000 people in Cameroon were living with HIV, yet only 79% knew their HIV status which is far from the 90% target for 2020. To address this situation, Cameroon adopted the “Opt-out” strategyof the World Health Organization (WHO) and use of trained non-medical cadre (psychosocial agents) to reach out to more people with HIV testing services (HTS). This describes the implementation and outcomes of this strategy by reviewing the activity of a typical day in the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) in Cameroon. Methods: HTS were offered to hospitalized and ambulatory patients (including their companions) in different departments of the YCH. Following screening for recent HIV testing, those with unknown HIV status that gave consent or did not explicitly refuse testing (as per the “Opt-out Strategy”), were counseled and tested for HIV. Testing followed the “National HIV Rapid Testing Algorithm” using rapid diagnostic test kits. Results were either positive, negative or indeterminate. Patients with positive HIV results were linked to the Care and Treatment Center for treatment initiation. Results: Of the 350 patients screened and offered HTS using non-medical cadre (psychosocial agents), 193 (55.1%) were hospitalized and 157 (44.9%) came for outpatient visits. The age of participants ranged from 14 to 92 years and the yield of HIV testing in the sample population was 5.1% (6.2% for hospitalized patients and 3.8% for outpatient clinics). Statistics revealed that five HIV-positive patients had never been offered HTS before the study. The study revealed that HTS acceptance rate among hospitalized patients was 69.6% and that all new positive patients started antiretroviral treatment on the same day. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: It is feasible to use trained non-medical staff for HIV testing services (HTS). Task-shifting by using trained psychosocial agents can help in case identification and linkage to HIV treatment services. Copyright © 2021 Kouanfack et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.
29
Khalid, Hina, and Ashley M. Fox. "Political and Governance Challenges to Achieving Global HIV Goals with Injecting Drug Users: The Case of Pakistan." International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, no. 5 (January 22, 2019): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2018.131.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has recently set the ambitious "90-90-90 target" of having 90% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) know their status, receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and achieve viral suppression by 2020. This ambitious new goal is occurring in a context of global "scale-down" following nearly a decade of heightened investment in HIV prevention and treatment efforts. Arguably international goals spur action, however, setting unrealistic goals that do not take weak health systems and variations in the nature of the epidemic across countries into consideration may set them up for failure in unproductive ways that lead to a decline in confidence in global governance institutions. This study explores how policy actors tasked with implementing HIV programs navigate the competing demands placed upon them by development targets and national politics, particularly in the current context of waning international investments towards HIV. Methods: To examine these questions, we interviewed 29 key informants comprising health experts in donor organizations and government employees in HIV programs in Pakistan, a country where HIV programs must compete with other issues for attention. Themes were identified inductively through an iterative process and findings were triangulated with various data sources and existing literature. Results: We found both political and governance challenges to achieving the target, particularly in the context of the global HIV scale-down. Political challenges included, low and heterogeneous political commitment for HIV and a conservative legal environment that contributed towards a ban on opiate substitution therapy, creating low treatment coverage. Governance challenges includedstrained state and non-governmental organization (NGO) relations creating a hostile service delivery environment, weak bureaucratic and civil society capacity contributing to poor regulation of the health infrastructure, and resource mismanagement on both the part of the government and NGOs. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in a context of waning international attention to HIV, policy actors on the ground face a number of practical hurdles to achieving the ambitious targets set out by international agencies. Greater attention to the political and governance challenges of implementing HIV programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) could help technical assistance agencies to develop more realistic implementation plans.
30
Dunaiski and Denning. "Estimated Burden of Fungal Infections in Namibia." Journal of Fungi 5, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof5030075.
Full textAbstract:
Namibia is a sub-Saharan country with one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. Although care and support services are available that cater for opportunistic infections related to HIV, the main focus is narrow and predominantly aimed at tuberculosis. We aimed to estimate the burden of serious fungal infections in Namibia, currently unknown, based on the size of the population at risk and available epidemiological data. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and published reports. When no data existed, risk populations were used to estimate the frequencies of fungal infections, using the previously described methodology. The population of Namibia in 2011 was estimated at 2,459,000 and 37% were children. Among approximately 516,390 adult women, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (≥4 episodes /year) is estimated to occur in 37,390 (3003/100,000 females). Using a low international average rate of 5/100,000, we estimated 125 cases of candidemia, and 19 patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis. Among survivors of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Namibia 2017, 112 new cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) are likely, a prevalence of 354 post-TB and a total prevalence estimate of 453 CPA patients in all. Asthma affects 11.2% of adults, 178,483 people, and so allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) were estimated in approximately 179/100,000 and 237/100,000 people, respectively. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is estimated to affect 15 patients following leukaemia therapy, and an estimated 0.13% patients admitted to hospital with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (259) and 4% of HIV-related deaths (108) — a total of 383 people. The total HIV-infected population is estimated at 200,000, with 32,371 not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Among HIV-infected patients, 543 cases of cryptococcal meningitis and 836 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia are estimated each year. Tinea capitis infections were estimated at 53,784 cases, and mucormycosis at five cases. Data were missing for fungal keratitis and skin neglected fungal tropical diseases such as mycetoma. The present study indicates that approximately 5% of the Namibian population is affected by fungal infections. This study is not an epidemiological study—it illustrates estimates based on assumptions derived from similar studies. The estimates are incomplete and need further epidemiological and diagnostic studies to corroborate, amend them, and improve the diagnosis and management of these diseases.
31
Asri, Nurul Anisa, Muhammad Nasir Badu, and Pusparida Syahdan. "Peranan United Nations Joint Program On HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Penderita HIV/AIDS Di Zimbabwe." Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v1i1.12738.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to examine the role of UNAIDS in efforts to reduce the rate of HIV / AIDS sufferers in Zimbabwe. The research method used is qualitative with secondary data techniques in the form of books, journals, documents, and various valid sources. All data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that UNAIDS as an international organization has become an aid and channel of foreign aid to Zimbabwe in collaboration with the Zimbabwean government to reduce the level of sufferers in the country. The existence of UNAIDS in Zimbabwe has affected the reduction of HIV / AIDS sufferers. However, this collaborative effort has constraints on Zimbabwe's unfavorable economic and human resource conditions. Apart from that, the cultural factor of society which is quite difficult to accept changes in something is also an obstacle.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran UNAIDS dalam upaya penurunan tingkat penderita HIV/AIDS di Zimbabwe. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data-data sekunder berupa buku, jurnal, dokumen, dan berbagai sumber valid. Seluruh data dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa UNAIDS sebagai sebuah organisasi internasional menjadi bantuan dan penyalur bantuan luar negeri kepada Zimbabwe bekerja sama dengan pemerintah Zimbabwe untuk mengurangi tingkat penderita di negara tersebut. Keberadaan UNAIDS di Zimbabwe telah mempengaruhi penurunan tingkat penderita HIV/AIDS. Namun, upaya kerjasama ini memiliki hambatan yakni kondisi perekonomian dan sumber daya manusia di Zimbabwe yang kurang baik. Selain itu faktor kebudayaan masyarakat yang cukup sulit menerima perubahan akan suatu hal juga menjadi salah satu hambatan.
32
Aziz, Maria, and Thomas A. DiDonna. "THE INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS ROLE IN GLOBAL HEALTH." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12050.
Full textAbstract:
International government organizations with a global outreach are working on global health issues to achieve the objective of Health for All. The key actors in global health working on global health problems are the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (Johnson, Stotskopt, & Shi, 2018). These international organizations participate in generating and sharing knowledge, engage in advocacy,provide global funds for health efforts. Our paper will analyze the structure, goals, and processes of global health organizations, UNESCO and UNAIDS.
33
Akhator, Joseph, James Jikdang, and Ofure Omoike. "INNATE IMMUNITY AGAINST HIV AMONG HIGHLY EXPOSED SERO-NEGATIVE (HESN) FEMALE SEX WORKERS." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 10, no. 6 (June 25, 2021): 1531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2019.06.12.
Full textAbstract:
In 2010, the UNAIDS (Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS) evaluates that the greater part surprisingly living with HIV/AIDS are women. It is assessed that, in Africa, ladies are twice as liable to contract HIV-1 through sexual intercourse involving vagina contrasted to men and are along these lines thought to be vulnerable persons in the population. The improvement of a female microbicide that gives security against HIV-1 infection is a promising preventive and precaution strategy.
34
Medlock, Jan, Abhishek Pandey, Alyssa S. Parpia, Amber Tang, Laura A. Skrip, and Alison P. Galvani. "Effectiveness of UNAIDS targets and HIV vaccination across 127 countries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 15 (March 20, 2017): 4017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620788114.
Full textAbstract:
The HIV pandemic continues to impose enormous morbidity, mortality, and economic burdens across the globe. Simultaneously, innovations in antiretroviral therapy, diagnostic approaches, and vaccine development are providing novel tools for treatment-as-prevention and prophylaxis. We developed a mathematical model to evaluate the added benefit of an HIV vaccine in the context of goals to increase rates of diagnosis, treatment, and viral suppression in 127 countries. Under status quo interventions, we predict a median of 49 million [first and third quartiles 44M, 58M] incident cases globally from 2015 to 2035. Achieving the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS 95–95–95 target was estimated to avert 25 million [20M, 33M] of these new infections, and an additional 6.3 million [4.8M, 8.7M] reduction was projected with the 2020 introduction of a 50%-efficacy vaccine gradually scaled up to 70% coverage. This added benefit of prevention through vaccination motivates imminent and ongoing clinical trials of viable candidates to realize the goal of HIV control.
35
Case, Kelsey K., Timothy B. Hallett, Simon Gregson, Kholoud Porter, and Peter D. Ghys. "Development and future directions for the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS estimates." AIDS 28 (November 2014): S411—S414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000487.
Full text
36
Case, Kelsey K., Leigh F. Johnson, Mary Mahy, Kimberly Marsh, Virginie Supervie, and Jeffrey W. Eaton. "Summarizing the results and methods of the 2019 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS HIV estimates." AIDS 33 (December 2019): S197—S201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000002440.
Full text
37
Kebede, Hafte Kahsay, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Lillian Mwanri, and Paul Ward. "The Impact of Peer Educators or Community Health Workers on the Progress of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 Targets in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083917.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Africa is far behind from achieving the Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets. Evidence shows that the participation of HIV patients as peer educators and other community health workers is substantially improving the entire HIV care continuum and subsequently the UNAIDS targets. This review aims to provide the best available evidence on the impact of peer educators and/or community health workers for the three targets in Africa. Methods: We will include cohort and experimental studies published in English between 2003 and 2020. Studies which reported interventions for HIV diagnosis, initiation of ART, or virological suppression will be included for review. Three steps searching will be conducted: (i) initial search across Google Scholar, (ii) full search strategy across five databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science, and (iii) screening titles and abstracts. Data will be extracted using standardized instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) and analyzed through narrative synthesis, and meta-analyses and regression. Heterogeneity among quantitative studies will be assessed using Cochran Q test and Higgins I2. Ethics: A formal ethical approval will not be required as primary data will not be collected.
38
Appiah, Seth, Inge Kroidl, Michael Hoelscher, Olena Ivanova, and Jonathan Dapaah. "A Phenomenological Account of HIV Disclosure Experiences of Children and Adolescents from Northern and Southern Ghana." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040595.
Full textAbstract:
Disclosure of HIV status to infected children, though challenged by caregiver dilemma, remains central in achieving the United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) global goal of 90/90/90. This study explores children’s HIV disclosure experiences across Northern and Southern Ghana. A qualitative interpretative phenomenological design facilitated the recruitment of 30 HIV positive disclosed children and adolescents aged 9–19 years in 12 antiretroviral treatment (ART) centers in Northern and Southern Ghana between January 2017 and June 2018. Data was collected via in-depth interviews. We used phenomenological analysis applying concepts and categories identification, patterns and interconnections searching, mapping, theme building and constant comparative technique to draw conclusions. Disclosure of HIV status to children occurred with little or no preparation. Caregivers intentionally or out of dilemma often prolonged or postponed disclosure to when children aged older. Illness severity and disease progression principally defined the need for disclosure. Children preference for early status disclosure averaged at age 10 was demonstrated despite the initial disclosure experience of shock and disappointment. There was improved medication adherence despite the challenge of limited knowledge about HIV transmission, financial difficulty and food insecurity. Context and culturally adapted pre- and post- disclosure guideline laced with social protection package is needed to support HIV positive children.
39
Rosenberg, V. Ya, Yu K. Plotnikova, and E. E. Voronin. "Analysis Mortality in Patients with HIV-infection on Example of a Region with a High Prevalence of Infection." Epidemiology and Vaccine Prevention 17, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-1-40-47.
Full textAbstract:
RelevanceThe HIV epidemic, registered worldwide since the early 1980s, is currently continuing its development in most countries, and, according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS, 2016), covers more than 36 million people (including 1.8 million children) AIDS mortality is a key indicator of the effectiveness of the response to the HIV epidemic. On the example of the Irkutsk region as a region with high lesion, an analysis of the main indicators and causes of death of patients with HIV infection was carried out.Goal– analysis of the mortality of HIV / AIDS patients by the example of a region with a high degree of defeat in order to determine the key criteria for evaluating activities to reduce the mortality from HIV/AIDS.Materials and methods An analysis was made of the causes of mortality of patients with HIV infection in the Irkutsk region in 2014– 2016, using comparative data of modern domestic and foreign literature (including total mortality), as well as accounting and reporting documentation of the Irkutsk Regional Center for prevention and control of AIDS and infectious diseases.Results 1.There is an increase in the death rate of HIV-infected people, including those caused by HIV. 2. The increase in mortality practically does not lead to an increase in mortality due to a parallel increase in the number of people living with HIV. 3. The main causes of death from HIV infection (AIDS) are pathologies with primary respiratory system damage: tuberculosis and pneumonia, which requires special attention in developing approaches to diagnosis, recording, treatment and prevention of these diseases, as well as assessing the impact of vaccination of patients with HIV infection against pneumococcus on mortality from pneumonia. 4. The increase in ART coverage of all patient populations contributes to the stabilization of mortality from HIV/AIDS.Conclusions:the most important for assessing the impact of ongoing efforts of the health system to reduce mortality among HIVinfected patients is the correct registration and diagnosis (including posthumous) of AIDS-indicative diseases, certainly associated with the progression of HIV infection.
40
Jacobi, Christoph Arnim, Pascal Nji Atanga, Leonard Kum Bin, Akenji Jean Claude Fru, Gerd Eppel, Victor Njie Mbome, Hannah Etongo Mbua Etonde, Johannes Richard Bogner, and Peter Malfertheiner. "“My Friend with HIV Remains a Friend”: HIV/AIDS Stigma Reduction through Education in Secondary Schools—A Pilot Project in Buea, Cameroon." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 19 (January 1, 2020): 232595821990071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219900713.
Full textAbstract:
The universal access to treatment and care for people living with HIV (PLWHIV) is still a major problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where 70% of HIV-infected people live. Equally important is the fact that HIV/AIDS-related stigma is recognized to be a major obstacle to successfully control the spread of this disease. We devised a pilot project (titled “My friend with HIV remains a friend”) to fight the HIV/AIDS stigmatization through educating secondary school students by openly HIV-positive teachers. In a first step, we have measured the amount and type of stigma felt by the PLWHIV in Buea/Cameroon using the “The people living with HIV Stigma Index” from Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Gossiping and verbal insults were experienced by 90% of the interviewees, while 9% have experienced physical assaults. Using these data and material from the “Toolkit for action” from the “International Centre for the Research on Women,” the teachers educated the students on multiple aspects of HIV/AIDS and stigma. The teaching curriculum included role-plays, picture visualizations, drawing, and other forms of interactions like visits to HIV and AIDS treatment units. Before and after this intervention, the students undertook “True/False” examinations on HIV/AIDS and stigma. We compared these results with results from students from another school, who did not participate in this intervention. We were able to show that the students taking part in the intervention improved by almost 20% points in comparison to the other students. Their results did not change.
41
Moazen, Babak, Andreas Deckert, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Priscilla N. Owusu, Parinaz Mehdipour, Mostafa Shokoohi, Atefeh Noori, et al. "National and sub-national HIV/AIDS-related mortality in Iran, 1990–2015: a population-based modeling study." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 14 (November 19, 2019): 1362–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419869520.
Full textAbstract:
Surveillance of HIV/AIDS mortality is crucial to evaluate a country’s response to the disease. With a modified estimation approach, this study aimed to provide more accurate estimates on deaths due to HIV/AIDS in Iran from 1990 to 2015 at national and sub-national levels. Using a comprehensive data set, death registration incompleteness and misclassification were addressed by demographical and statistical methods. Trends of mortality due to HIV/AIDS at national and sub-national levels were estimated by applying a set of models. A total of 474 men (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 175–1332) and 256 women (95% UI: 36–1871) died due to HIV/AIDS in 2015 in Iran. Peaked in 1995, HIV/AIDS-related mortality has steadily declined among both genders. Mortality rates were remarkably higher among men than women during the period studied. At the sub-national level, the highest and the lowest annual percent change were found at 10.97 and −1.36% for women, and 4.04 and −3.47% for men, respectively. The findings of our study (731 deaths) were remarkably lower than the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (4000) but higher than Global Burden of Disease (339) estimates in 2015. The overall decrease in mortality due to HIV/AIDS may be attributed to the increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases; however, the role of the national and international organizations to fight HIV/AIDS should not be overlooked. To decrease HIV/AIDS mortality and to achieve international goals, evidence-based action is required. To fast-track targets, the priority must be to prevent infection, promote early diagnosis, provide access to treatment, and to ensure treatment adherence among patients.
42
Adeiye, Ajani Love, Ajani Olumide Faith, Sanni Olaniyi Felix, Abiodun Olaiya Paul, Justin Onyebuchi Nwofe, Kaniki Freddy Rukema, and Shadi Kafi Mallak. "Expanding access to viral load testing in Nigeria; the impact of third party logistics." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20195828.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Access to viral load testing in Nigeria remains a key challenge in achieving the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90:90:90 targets in the fight against HIV/AIDS. This study investigates the impact of 3 party logistics (3PL) on expanding access to viral load testing.Methods: This exploratory, case study research was carried out in Abuja in December, 2018, using in-depth interview method. Open-ended questions were used to interview nine staff from the three polymerase chain reaction laboratories in Federal Capital Territory. The audios of interviews were recorded and transcribed on paper. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.Results: This study revealed that the adoption of 3PL services has helped to overcome major challenges of viral load testing such as late delivery of samples, late collection of results, and rejection problems; thereby reduced sample rejection frequencies, increased efficiency, reduced turnaround time and ease viral load testing processes. Though the adoption of 3PL has helped to overcome major challenges of viral load testing, however, the challenges still facing viral load testing include the 3PLs bringing samples at any time-even at closing hours, not delivering results to facilities on time after pickup, poor medical backgrounds and inability of 3PLs to enforce instructions on facilities. However, respondents expressed satisfaction with the services of the 3PLs.Conclusions: The findings of this study revealed that the adoption of 3PL service into viral load transport logistics has positive impacts on the process. However, only one of the laboratories uses two 3PL providers while other two use only one.
43
Davis, Stephanie M., Jonas Z. Hines, Melissa Habel, Jonathan M. Grund, Renee Ridzon, Brittney Baack, Jonathan Davitte, et al. "Progress in voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention supported by the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through 2017: longitudinal and recent cross-sectional programme data." BMJ Open 8, no. 8 (August 2018): e021835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021835.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveThis article provides an overview and interpretation of the performance of the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief’s (PEPFAR’s) male circumcision programme which has supported the majority of voluntary medical male circumcisions (VMMCs) performed for HIV prevention, from its 2007 inception to 2017, and client characteristics in 2017.DesignLongitudinal collection of routine programme data and disaggregations.Setting14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with low baseline male circumcision coverage, high HIV prevalence and PEPFAR-supported VMMC programmes.ParticipantsClients of PEPFAR-supported VMMC programmes directed at males aged 10 years and above.Main outcome measuresNumbers of circumcisions performed and disaggregations by age band, result of HIV test offer, procedure technique and follow-up visit attendance.ResultsPEPFAR supported a total of 15 269 720 circumcisions in 14 countries in Southern and Eastern Africa. In 2017, 45% of clients were under 15 years of age, 8% had unknown HIV status, 1% of those tested were HIV+ and 84% returned for a follow-up visit within 14 days of circumcision.ConclusionsOver 15 million VMMCs have been supported by PEPFAR since 2007. VMMC continues to attract primarily young clients. The non-trivial proportion of clients not testing for HIV is expected, and may be reassuring that testing is not being presented as mandatory for access to circumcision, or in some cases reflect test kit stockouts or recent testing elsewhere. While VMMC is extremely safe, achieving the highest possible follow-up rates for early diagnosis and intervention on complications is crucial, and programmes continue to work to raise follow-up rates. The VMMC programme has achieved rapid scale-up but continues to face challenges, and new approaches may be needed to achieve the new Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS goal of 27 million additional circumcisions through 2020.
44
Adedoyin, Ademola, Sunmonu Gbolahan Fadahunsi, Medinat Omobola Osinubi, Ahmed Abdullahi, Gloria Bosede Imhonopi, Tolulope Soyannwo, and Paul Akinsola Akinbode. "Factors associated with viral non-suppression among patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria." Babcock University Medical Journal (BUMJ) 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.38029/bumj.v4i1.49.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a public health issue with more than 25 million deaths since 1990. As of 2019, Nigeria has a national prevalence of 1.4% among 15- 49 years and about 1.9 million people living with HIV, according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. This study assessed the factors responsible for unsuppressed viral load among patients accessing care at Federal Medical Centre HIV Clinic in Abeokuta, southwest Nigeria. Methods: The study design was descriptive cross-sectional. Data was collected using the qualitative method; an In-depth interview was conducted among 20 virally unsuppressed HIV patients currently on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) at Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta. The participants were purposively selected. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Although almost all the participants were aware of HIV, their knowledge of HIV was inadequate. Non- adherence to drugs, side effects of medications, the psychological effects of the disease, forgetfulness, and combination of anti-retroviral drugs with local herbs and alcohol were the associated factors of viral non-suppression among the patients. Conclusion: Scaling up psychological care services using Short Message Services (SMS) to improve viral suppression is, therefore, strongly recommended.
45
Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa. "The Call to Get More Men Tested for HIV: A Perspective on What Policy Makers Need to Know for Implementing and Scaling up HIV Self-Testing in Rwanda." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 10 (July 29, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n10p29.
Full textAbstract:
Various reports by the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS have indicated that, in 2017, only 75% of individuals who were living with HIV across the globe were aware of their HIV status. This calls for targeted interventions to ensure that more people get tested. To this end, different measures should be adopted to increase the uptake of HIV testing services, especially for populations with limited access, as well as those who are at higher risk and would otherwise not get tested, such as men. While HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a highly effective tool that can be used to increase the uptake of testing among men, various challenges are still being faced. The perspective herein examines the challenges being faced in Rwanda and recommends some key measures that can be put in place to ensure that these challenges are addressed effectively and efficiently. In this perspective, the author proposes several notable strategies that policy makers in Rwanda should consider for the effective implementation of HIVST programs: developing health education programs that aim to increase awareness among men; improving the usability of HIVST kits; establishing strategic distribution points for HIVST kits, such as distribution in communities and at voluntary male medical circumcision sites, as well as online purchasing options; and ensuring that there is a highly supportive climate that is conducive to successful implementation.
46
Le Guillou, Adrien, Pascal Pugliese, François Raffi, André Cabie, Lise Cuzin, Christine Katlama, Clotilde Allavena, et al. "Reaching the Second and Third Joint United Nations Programme on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/AIDS 90-90-90 Targets Is Accompanied by a Dramatic Reduction in Primary HIV Infection and in Recent HIV Infections in a Large French Nationwide HIV Cohort." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, no. 2 (August 17, 2019): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz800.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background In late 2013, France was one of the first countries to recommend initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) irrespective of CD4 cell count. Methods To assess the impact of achieving the second and third Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 targets (ie, 90% of diagnosed people on sustained cART, and, of those, 90% virologically controlled) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence, we conducted a longitudinal study to describe the epidemiology of primary HIV infection (PHI) and/or recent HIV infection (patients with CD4 cell count ≥500/mm3 at HIV diagnosis; (PRHI) between 2007 and 2017 in a large French multicenter cohort. To identify changes in trends in PHI and PRHI, we used single breakpoint linear segmented regression analysis. Results During the study period, 61 822 patients were followed in the Dat’AIDS cohort; 2027 (10.0%) had PHI and 7314 (36.1%) had PRHI. The second and third targets were reached in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The median delay between HIV diagnosis and cART initiation decreased from 9.07 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.39–33.47) months in 2007 to 0.77 (IQR, 0.37–1.60) months in 2017. A decrease in PHI (−35.1%) and PRHI (−25.4%) was observed starting in 2013. The breakpoints for PHI and PRHI were 2012.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2010.8–2014.4) and 2013.1 (95% CI, 2011.3–2014.8), respectively. Conclusions Our findings show that the achievements of 2 public health targets in France and the early initiation of cART were accompanied by a reduction of about one-third in PHI and PRHI between 2013 and 2017. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02898987.
47
Kim, Hana, Frank Tanser, Andrew Tomita, Alain Vandormael, and Diego F. Cuadros. "Beyond HIV prevalence: identifying people living with HIV within underserved areas in South Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 4 (April 2021): e004089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004089.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionDespite progress towards the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 95-95-95 targets, South Africa is still suffering from one of the largest HIV epidemics globally. In this study, we generated high-resolution HIV prevalence maps and identified people living with HIV (PLHIV) in underserved areas to provide essential information for the optimal allocation of HIV-related services.MethodsThe data come from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016 and spatial variables from other published literature. We produced high-resolution maps of HIV prevalence and underserved areas, defined as a greater than 30 min travel time to the nearest healthcare facility. Using these maps and the population density, we mapped PLHIV and the PLHIV within underserved areas for 30, 60 and 120 min thresholds.ResultsThere was substantial geographic variation in HIV prevalence, ranging from 1.4% to 24.2%, with a median of 11.5% for men, and from 2.1% to 48.1%, with a median of 20.6% for women. Gauteng province showed the highest density for both HIV prevalence and PLHIV. 80% of all areas in the country were identified as underserved areas (30 min threshold), which contained more than 16% and 20% of the total men and women living with HIV, respectively. KwaZulu-Natal province had the largest number of PLHIV in underserved areas (30 min threshold) and showed less than one healthcare facility per 1000 PLHIV.ConclusionOur study showed extensive spatial variation of HIV prevalence and significant numbers of PLHIV in underserved areas in South Africa. Moreover, we identified locations where HIV-related services need to be intensified to reach the ~1.5 million PLHIV in underserved areas, particularly in KwaZulu-Natal province, with less than one healthcare facility per 1000 PLHIV.
48
Dorward, Jienchi, Nigel Garrett, Justice Quame-Amaglo, Natasha Samsunder, Hope Ngobese, Noluthando Ngomane, Pravikrishnen Moodley, et al. "Protocol for a randomised controlled implementation trial of point-of-care viral load testing and task shifting: the Simplifying HIV TREAtment and Monitoring (STREAM) study." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e017507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017507.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionAchieving the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS 90-90-90 targets requires models of HIV care that expand antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage without overburdening health systems. Point-of-care (POC) viral load (VL) testing has the potential to efficiently monitor ART treatment, while enrolled nurses may be able to provide safe and cost-effective chronic care for stable patients with HIV. This study aims to demonstrate whether POC VL testing combined with task shifting to enrolled nurses is non-inferior and cost-effective compared with laboratory-based VL monitoring and standard HIV care.Methods and analysisThe STREAM (Simplifying HIV TREAtment and Monitoring) study is an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled implementation trial. HIV-positive adults, clinically stable at 6 months after ART initiation, will be recruited in a large urban clinic in South Africa. Approximately 396 participants will be randomised 1:1 to receive POC HIV VL monitoring and potential task shifting to enrolled nurses, versus laboratory VL monitoring and standard South African HIV care. Initial clinic follow-up will be 2-monthly in both arms, with VL testing at enrolment, 6 months and 12 months. At 6 months (1 year after ART initiation), stable participants in both arms will qualify for a differentiated care model involving decentralised ART pickup at community-based pharmacies. The primary outcome is retention in care and virological suppression at 12 months from enrolment. Secondary outcomes include time to appropriate entry into the decentralised ART delivery programme, costs per virologically suppressed patient and cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with standard care. Findings will inform the scale up of VL testing and differentiated care in HIV-endemic resource-limited settings.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BFC296/16) and University of Washington Institutional Review Board (STUDY00001466). Results will be presented at international conferences and published in academic peer-reviewed journals.Trial registrationNCT03066128; Pre-results.
49
Atuhaire, Lydia, Olatunji Adetokunboh, Constance Shumba, and Peter S. Nyasulu. "Effect of female sex work-targeted community-based interventions along the HIV treatment cascade in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e039495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039495.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionFemale sex workers (FSWs) are a known high-risk group that are at increased risk of HIV transmission due to exposure to multiple sexual partners and inability to negotiate safe sex attributed to challenging economic circumstances. Previous systematic reviews have examined the effectiveness of HIV interventions prioritising FSWs and have shown that targeted interventions improve access to HIV prevention and treatment services. Interventions that increase FSWs’ uptake of services are well documented; however, evidence on specific interventions aimed at improving FSWs’ continuity in HIV care along the treatment cascade is lacking. This systematic review aims to document the performance of community-based interventions along the HIV treatment cascade.Methods and analysisWe will use a sensitive search strategy for electronic bibliographic databases, bibliographies of included articles and grey literature sources. In addition, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and the WHO websites, peer-reviewed conference papers and grey literature sources will be searched for additional reports of sex work programmes. We will include randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional surveys and cohort interventions where community-based HIV services were provided to FSWs and measure the performance of the HIV intervention on one or more cascade stages. We will conduct a systematic review of studies published from 2004 to present within the sub-Saharan Africa region. We will report quantitative study outcomes of HIV testing and diagnosis, linkage to care, initiation on antiretroviral therapy and viral suppression. We will analyse the data using the random-effects meta-analysis method, and funnel plots will be used to assess the publication bias.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will not require ethical approval; we will publish data from manuscripts. The results of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020157623.
50
Hakim, Avi J., Steven G. Badman, Damian Weikum, Angelyne Amos, Barne Willie, Rebecca Narokobi, Josephine Gabuzzi, et al. "Considerable distance to reach 90-90-90 targets among female sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender women in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: findings from a cross-sectional respondent-driven sampling survey." Sexually Transmitted Infections 96, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-053961.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectiveTo characterise the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 cascade among female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM)/transgender women (TGW) in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (PNG).MethodsWe conducted respondent-driven sampling surveys among FSW and MSM/TGW in Port Moresby, PNG from June to October 2016. All participants spoke English or Tok Pisin and were aged >12 years. FSW had to be born female and sell/exchange sex with a male in the past 6 months. MSM/TGW had to be born male and have oral/anal sex with another male-born person in the past 6 months. Participants were interviewed and offered rapid HIV diagnostic and viral load testing. HIV viral suppression (VS) was defined as <1000 copies/mL.ResultsWe recruited 674 FSW and 400 MSM/TGW; HIV prevalence was 15.2% (95% CI 11.7 to 18.8) and 8.5% (95% CI 5.0 to 11.9), respectively. Among FSW living with HIV, 39.0% (95% CI 26.6 to 51.4) self-reported having been diagnosed; of them 79.6% (95% CI 62.7 to 96.5) self-reported being on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 54.1% (95% CI 31.8 to 76.4) achieved VS. Among MSM/TGW living with HIV, 24.4% (95% CI 4.7 to 44.1) self-reported having been diagnosed; of them 43.9% (95% CI 33.6 to 54.8) self-reported being on ART, and 86.1% (95% CI 71.1 to 93.9) achieved VS.ConclusionsART use among those aware of their HIV status is encouraging. However, the generally low awareness of infection status among FSW and MSM/TGW with HIV and the low VS among FSW on ART indicate an urgent need for innovative strategies to increase testing uptake and ART adherence among these populations. Monitoring drug resistance may be warranted.