Academic literature on the topic 'Joints (Anatomy)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Joints (Anatomy)"
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Kumaresan, S., N. Yoganandan, and F. A. Pintar. "Methodology to Quantify Human Cervical Spine Uncovertebral Joint Anatomy." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 01, no. 02 (1997): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957797000141.
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The uncovertebral joints appear in the adult human cervical spinal column. While the descriptions of this structure have been reported, methods to quantify the dimensions of these joints are lacking. Therefore, in this study a preliminary attempt was made to develop a methodology to quantify the three-dimensional anatomical details of these joints in the adult human cervical spine using sequential cryomicrotome anatomic sections. Bilateral dorsal to ventral length, medial to lateral depth, and caudal to cranial height measurements were obtained from C2-T1 levels. The well developed larger joints were observed in the mid to lower cervical (C3-C7) regions and the smaller joints were noted in the most cranial and caudal (C2-C3, C7-T1) levels. Uncovertebral joints in the mid to lower cervical region extended further ventrally compared to the most cranial and caudal levels. The height of the uncovertebral joints was equal to the lateral height of the intervertebral discs throughout the extent of the joint. The mean overall medial to lateral depth of the joint was 3.8 mm (± 1.8). These quantitative three-dimensional descriptions assist in describing uncovertebral joints in stress analysis based finite element models to understand its effects on the cervical spine biomechanical behavior.
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Middleton, William D., and Thomas L. Lawson. "Anatomy and MRI of the Joints." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 10, no. 5 (1990): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199009000-00025.
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Middleton, William D., and Thomas L. Lawson. "Anatomy and MRI of the Joints." Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 5, no. 1 (1991): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199103000-00024.
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Mitchell, Jeanette. "The intervertebral joints II: The facet joints." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 50, no. 1 (2019): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v50i1.680.
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The anatomy of the facet joints, also known as the zygapophyseal, apophyseal or lateral intervertebral joints, is described in detail. Particular reference is made to the changing orientation of the articular facets in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar parts of the spine, allowing different ranges of movement in these regions. Possible causes for back pain are explained as a function of the biomechanics of the vertebral column.
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Vijayasekaran, Vijith Sujeevan, and Patrick Briggs. "ISOLATED DORSAL DISLOCATION OF THE 5TH CARPOMETACARPAL JOINT." Hand Surgery 05, no. 02 (2000): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810400000326.
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Injuries to the carpometacarpal (CMC) joints are uncommon injuries and isolated dislocation of these joints occurs very infrequently. The 4th and 5th CMC joints are predominantly involved in CMC joint injuries. The detection of CMC joint injuries requires a high index of suspicion and often depends on special radiographic views. This article present a case report of a mid-shaft fracture of the 4th metacarpal which was associated with an isolated dislocation of the 5th CMC joint. An overview of the incidence, mechanism of injury, anatomy, clinical and radiological assessment of injuries involving dorsal dislocation of the 5th carpometacarpal joint is presented.
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Williamson, Amanda, and Maisie Beth James. "Post-Newtonian anatomy and physiology: The gravitational and parasympathetic experience in bio-somatic dance movement naturotherapy." Dance, Movement & Spiritualities 6, no. 1-2 (2020): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/dmas_00009_1.
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In this article, I expand western anatomy’s normative geography of the vertebral column to include the atlantooccipital joints, the sphenoid-basilar joint, the occipital bone, the cranial sutures and the sacroiliac joints. The sphenoid-basilar joint is considered one of the most important joints to contact in the practice of bio-somatic dance movement naturotherapy; it is a central joint and point of conscious awareness that organizes the entire vertebral column. Further, I share scientific reasons why gravity and an extended sense-perception of the vertebral column beyond the normative is essential to health. The article invites the craniosacral system into expression, the dural membranes into awareness, and the vagus nerve into creative play. Other areas discussed are the intervertebral discs, the facet joints and the primary and secondary curves. Notably, this anatomical theory is enacted through post-Newtonian somatic principles that bring objectified theory alive through the living soma on the academic page.
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Jurik, Anne, and Niels Egund. "Anatomy and Histology of the Sacroiliac Joints." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 18, no. 03 (2014): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1375574.
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Barmakian, Joseph T. "ANATOMY OF THE JOINTS OF THE THUMB." Hand Clinics 8, no. 4 (1992): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0712(21)00735-6.
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Craig, Susan M. "ANATOMY OF THE JOINTS OF THE FINGERS." Hand Clinics 8, no. 4 (1992): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0712(21)00736-8.
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Lidtke, Roy H., and Joe George. "Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Surgical Approach to Synovial Folds Within the Joints of the Foot." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 94, no. 6 (2004): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0940519.
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The presence of synovial folds in various joints of the foot has been previously documented. The function and clinical significance of these structures within the joint have not been established. Histologically they are considered anatomically different from a meniscus primarily owing to their makeup of loose connective tissue with nerve fibrils and several synovial cell layers. We hypothesize that the function of these folds is similar to that of the menisci: to increase joint congruity and stability. We further hypothesize that these folds will be present in joints of the foot that require greater stability. To demonstrate this, 41 fixated cadaveric feet were sectioned in the sagittal plane and the incidence and locations of the synovial folds were documented. Three fixated cadaveric feet were evaluated using a materials testing machine. The first metatarsophalangeal joint was incised, and the presence of the synovial fold was documented. The joint was then taken through its range of motion with and without the synovial fold while data on the force and displacement were collected. The steps were then repeated for the ankle joint. The results showed statistically stiffer ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joints with the synovial fold present, as determined by the stress-strain curve. On the basis of the presence and location of these synovial folds, we demonstrated arthroscopic surgical approaches to many of the documented joints that contain these folds. Because the folds contain synovial cells and vascular tissue, damage to them can result in considerable pain. In such cases, arthroscopic surgery would be of benefit. Further research may indicate whether they need to be salvaged during joint procedures to facilitate normal joint function or should be removed to reduce postoperative complications. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(6): 519–527, 2004)
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Joints (Anatomy)"
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Diamond, Alexandra Jane. "An investigation into the roles of slits and roundabouts during vertebrate limb development." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231142.
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Slits and their Roundabout (Robo) receptors were identified based on their role in regulating axon guidance, but are known to play multiple roles in development, including regulating heart development and myoblast migration. There are 3 vertebrate Slits (Slit1 – 3) and 4 Robos (Robo1 – 4), and previous work has demonstrated expression of Slit and Robo family members in and around developing joints where their function is unclear. Mutations in human Robo3 have been linked to degenerative joint disorders, such as scoliosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Misregulation of other members of the Slit/Robo signalling pathway is also reported in cells from arthritic joints. This suggests that Slit/Robo signalling is required for normal joint development and/or maintenance, though our understanding of their roles in these processes is rudimentary. The central question of my thesis is to determine the role/s of Slit/Robo signalling in limb and joint development. In situ hybridisation confirmed strong expression of Slits and Robos throughout mouse limb and joint development, though no expression of Slit1 or Robo3 was detected. Analysis of Slit1/2, Slit3 and Robo1 mutant (loss-of-function) mice revealed normal limb development, however misexpression of dominant-negative Robo2 during chicken limb development caused shortening of cartilage elements. To begin to identify molecular changes that may compensate for the loss of Slit/Robo signalling I demonstrated members of the Sema3/PlexinA/Nrp axon guidance family are expressed in patterns comparable to those of Robo1, Robo2 and Slit3. I discovered that PlexinA1 is downregulated in Slit3 mutant mouse limbs. My results suggest the role for Silt/Robo signalling may be more complex than previously thought and do not define a clear role for signalling during limb development. My results suggest the role for Silt/Robo signalling may be more complex than previously thought and do not define a clear role for signalling during limb development. Previous work has linked Slit/Robo signalling to development of degenerative joint disorders, and I propose some hypotheses as to how Slit/Robo signalling could cause bone and joint defects.
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Liacouras, Peter C. "Computational Modeling to Predict Mechanical Function of Joints: Validations and Applications of Lower Leg Simulations." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1437.
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Computational models of musculoskeletal joints and limbs can provide useful information about joint mechanics. Validated models can be used as a predictive device for understanding joint function and serve as a clinical tool for predicting the outcome of surgical procedures. A new computational modeling approach was developed for simulating joint kinematics that are dictated by bone/joint anatomy, ligamentous constraints, and applied loading.Three-dimensional computational models of the lower leg were created. Model development involved generating three-dimensional surfaces from CT images, followed by importing these surfaces into SolidWorks and COSMOSMotion. ThroughSolidWorks and COSMOSMotion, each bone surface was created into a solid object and positioned, necessary components added, and simulations executed. Three dimensional contacts inhibited intersection of the bones during motion. Ligaments were represented as linear springs. Model predictions were then validated by comparison to three different previously performed cadaver studies (syndesmotic injury study, inversion stability study, and mechanical laxity study) and one simultaneously performed cadaver study (anterior drawer test).In the syndesmotic injury study, the relative motion between the tibia and fibula in intact, transected, and repaired states was measured under the application of an external rotation of the ankle. The inversion stability study focused on the elongation behavior of lateral ankle ligaments and inversion range of motion during the application of an applied load. The mechanical laxity study focused on differences in anterior/posterior and inversion/eversion movement in intact and transected states. Each computational simulation was placed under the same conditions as its respective cadaver study and revealed a capability to predict behaviors in each case. The syndesmotic injury model was able to predict tibia1 rotation, fibular rotation, and anterior/posterior displacement. In the inversion simulation, calcaneofibular ligament extension and angles of inversion compared well. The laxity study showed increases in anteroposter motion after the transactions of the ATFL and CFL; and diffenences in inversion after the transaction of the CFL. The Anterior Drawer simulation produced similar ligament elongations and loads when compared to cadaver studies.Overall, the computational models were able to predict joint kinematics of the lower leg with particular focus on the ankle complex. Additional parameters can be calculated through such models that are not easily obtained experimentally such as ligament forces, force transmission across joints, and three-dimensional movement of all bones.
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Burger, Nicolaas Daniel Lombard. "Failure analysis of ultra-high molecular weight polyethyelene acetabular cups." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12142006-134036.
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Hallbeck, M. Susan. "Biomechanical analysis of carpal flexion and extension." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26086.
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An experiment was performed to evaluate the relations between active range of motion (ROM) and upper limb anthropometric dimensions. Eight anthropometric dimensions, forearm length, distal and proximal forearm circumferences, wrist breadth, wrist thickness, wrist circumference, hand breadth, and hand length in combination with gender, wrist position, and direction of motion or exertion were evaluated to determine their effects on instant center of rotation (ICOR) and the magnitude of force exertion. The knowledge gained from analysis of the study data will be the first step in the formulation of a biomechanical model of wrist flexion and extension. Such a model would predict forces and torques at specific wrist postures and be employed to reduce cumulative trauma disorders of the wrist.
Sixty right-hand dominant subjects (30 male, 30 female) between 20 and 30 years of age all reporting no prior wrist injury and good to excellent overall physical condition, were employed in this study.
The upper limb anthropometric dimensions and ROM were measured and recorded for each subject. The anthropometric dimensions were compared to tabulated data. The measured active ROM values were compared with values in the literature. Correlation coefficients between pairs of anthropometric variables (by gender) were calculated. The mean active ROM measures, 164.0 deg for females and 151.8 deg for males, were significantly different (<i>Z</i> = 2.193, <i>p</i> = 0.014).
The relationships between the anthropometric variables and active ROM were analyzed by three methods: correlation between ROM and each anthropometric dimension, prediction (regression) equations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). No correlation coefficient between ROM and any anthropometric dimension was greater than 0.7. No prediction equation, based upon linear and quadratic combinations of anthropometric dimensions variables, was above the threshold of acceptability (<i>R²</i> ≥ 0.5). The results of the ANOVA showed a significant effect for gender. The ICOR had been hypothesized to be either in the head or neck of the capitate. The Method of Reuleaux was employed to locate the leOR points for flexion and extension (over the ROM) of the wrist with three load conditions, i.e., no-load, palmar resistance, and dorsal resistance. Analysis of the data, using ANOYA, showed that wrist position was the only significant variable. Thus, in future wrist models, the assumption cannot be made that the wrist is a pin-centered joint for flexion and extension.
The static maximal voluntary contractile forces that can be generated by recruiting only the six wrist-dedicated muscles in various wrist positions were measured. There was a significant gender difference for the mean flexion force (<i>Z</i> = 4.00, <i>p</i> = 0.0001) and for the mean extension force (<i>Z</i> = 4.58, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Females averaged 76.3 percent of the mean male flexion force and 72.4 percent for extension.
The force data, categorized by gender, were then analyzed using three methods: correlation of variable pairs, regression equations, and ANOVA. None of the eight anthropometric dimensions and ROM was correlated with flexion or with extension force at an acceptable level. The prediction equations, linear and quadratic combinations of all possible subsets of anthropometric dimension values, ROM, and wrist position did not meet the minimum acceptable level of <i>R²</i> ≥ 0.5. The ANOVA procedure showed gender, wrist position, direction of force exertion, and the wrist position interaction with direction to have significant effects upon maximal force exertion.<br>Ph. D.
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Vitule, Luiz Fernando. "Avaliação da ressonância magnética da mão dominante na artrite reumatóide precoce: correlação com a radiologia convencional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-19032007-112614/.
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A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma patologia crônica e sistêmica de etiologia desconhecida provavelmente multifatorial na qual há um predomínio de acometimento da sinóvia. Afeta de 0,5 a 1 % da população com predomínio nas mulheres. O diagnóstico precoce e o inicio da terapêutica adequada são fundamentais e podem modificar a evolução da doença reduzindo as graves seqüelas. O custo do exame de ressonância magnética (RM) é a maior limitação neste método de diagnóstico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a especificidade e a sensibilidade da ressonância magnética (RM) da mão e do punho de pacientes com AR precoce de acordo com os parâmetros do OMERACT (comitê internacional para avaliação de medidas em reumatologia para análise da ressonância magnética) correlacionando com a radiologia convencional. Foram avaliados 19 pacientes com AR (idade: 22-64 anos) e um grupo controle composto por 10 indivíduos sem história de patologias prévias com idade de 26-46 anos. Foram realizados exames de radiografia (RX) e RM da mão e do punho dominante. Treze articulações foram avaliadas pelo RX convencional (radio-ulnar distal, radiocarpal, intercarpal e metacarpofalângicas do primeiro ao quinto dedo e articulação interfalângicas proximais do primeiro ao quinto dedo). As lesões ósseas no RX foram classificadas de acordo com o método de Van Der Heiidje com graduações de 0 a 4 para redução do espaço articular e de 0 a 5 para erosão óssea. Foram realizados exames de RM num equipamento marca GE 1,5 T Signa Horizon LX (General Eletric medical systems) utilizando T1, T2 eco de spin e T1 eco de Spin com saturação de gordura após a infusão do contraste paramagnético gadopentato dimegumina. O protocolo foi realizado de acordo com as padronizações do OMERACT. Como resultados obtivemos que a RM foi mais sensível na pesquisa de erosão óssea (94,7%) que o RX (78,9%). Somente as articulações intercarpais e metacarpo-falângicas do segundo dedo demonstraram correlação estatística entre os 2 métodos (r=0,47 p=0,04 e r=0,63 p=0,004). Para erosão óssea os compartimentos radiocarpal (73,7%) e intercarpal (84,2%) foram os mais sensíveis e com maior acurácia. Além disso, a RM foi muito sensível no estudo da sinovite presente em 100% dos pacientes com AR comparados com 20% do grupo controle. Quando estudados nos sítios anatômicos o carpo foi o local mais sensível para a sinovite (100%). O edema intra-ósseo foi mais detectado no punho com uma alta especificidade (90%), porém com baixa acurácia (50%) um achado importante é que a analise simultânea do punho e da mão não aumentou a detecção de um maior número de pacientes com AR. Concluindo, a RM foi mais sensível que o RX no estudo da AR precoce. Este trabalho demonstrou que o estudo do punho apresentou uma ótima sensibilidade e especificidade no diagnóstico precoce da AR e somente o estudo deste compartimento parece ser adequado com redução do custo do exame para os pacientes, portanto na análise do AR precoce o punho parece apresentar melhor desempenho.<br>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic disease of unknown etiology probably multifactorial with a predominant involvement of synovial tissue. The disease prevalence is 0.5-1% and affects more often women. Early diagnosis and therapy are essential to modify the course of the disease and reduce the degree of severe late sequelae. The cost of MRI of this region is a major limitation for the use of this sensitive exam. We therefore decided to evaluate if the wrist magnetic resonance with a simultaneous reading of wrist and hand compartments according to the OMERACT parameters would be sensitive and accurate to diagnose early RA. We have evaluated 19 patients with RA (ages: 22-64 years) and 10 age-matched controls. X-ray and MRI evaluated the dominant wrist all subjects. Thirteen joints were evaluated by conventional radiography: radio-ulnar distal (DRU), radiocarpal joint (RC), intercarpal (IC), metacarpo-phalageal (first to fifth finger) and phalangophalangeal (first to fifth finger). The bone lesion in the radiograph was scored by the method of Van Der Heidje for joint damage and for joint narrowing space. Wrist MRI imaging was performed with 1,5 T GE Signa Horizon LX 8,2 (General Eletric medical systems) with multiplanar T1, T2 (spin echo and fast spin echo) and T1 fat sat after intravenous injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine, according to the definitions of OMERACT. The MRI was more sensitive to detect erosion (94.7%) than the conventional X-ray (78.9%), and only intercarpal and metacarpofalangic joints of the second finger showed statistic correlation in the two methods (r=0.47 p=0.04 e r= 0.63 p=0.004). Of interest, among the anatomic compartments evaluated the radiocarpal (73.7%) and intercarpal joints (84.2%) were the most sensitive and accurate to detect erosion. Moreover, the MRI was also very sensitive to detect synovitis, present in 100% of the AR compared 20% in the control group, p<0,001. With regards to the anatomic site, synovitis was uniformly observed in all carpal joints (100%). Edema was also more frequently detected in the wrist joints with a high specificity (90%) but low accuracy (50%). Importantly, the simultaneous reading of wrist and hands did not identify additional cases. MRI imaging was more sensitive than conventional radiography in detecting early lesion in RA Our data support the notion that wrist MRI has an excellent sensitivity and specificity to diagnose early RA, and therefore only this assessment seems to be adequate, with a reduced cost for the patients. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the reading may be restrict to the wrist compartment, overcoming the technical limitations of the hand anatomical site.
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Cho, Kyung Jin. "Quantification of the normal patellofemoral shape and its clinical applications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80285.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The shape of the knee’s trochlear groove is a very important factor in the overall stability of the knee. However, a quantitative description of the normal three-dimensional geometry of the trochlea is not available in the literature. This is also reflected in the poor outcomes of patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA). In this study, a standardised method for femoral parameter measurements on three-dimensional femur models was established. Using software tools, virtual femur models were aligned with the mechanical and the posterior condylar planes and this framework was used to measure the femoral parameters in a repeatable way. An artificial neural network (ANN), incorporating the femoral parameter measurements and classifications done by experienced surgeons, was used to classify knees into normal and abnormal categories. As a result, 15 knees in the database were classified by the ANN as being normal. Furthermore, the geometry of the normal knees was analysed by fitting B-spline curves and circular arcs on their sagittal surface curves to prove and reconfirm that the groove has a circular shape on a sagittal plane. Self-organising maps (SOM), which is a type of ANN, was trained with the acquired data of the normal knees and in this way the normal trochlear geometry could be predicted. The prediction of the anterior-posterior (AP) distance and the trochlear heights showed an average agreement of 97 % between the actual and the predicted normal geometries. A case study was conducted on four types of trochlear dysplasia to determine a normal geometry for these knees, and a virtual surface reconstruction was performed on them. The study showed that the trochlea was deepened after the surface reconstruction, having an average trochlea depth of 5.5 mm compared to the original average value of 2.9 mm. In summary, this research proposed a quantitative method for describing and predicting the normal geometry of a knee by making use of ANN and the femoral parameters that are unaffected by trochlear dysplasia.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vorm van die trogleêre keep is ’n belangrike faktor in patella-stabiliteit. Tog is ’n kwantitatiewe beskrywing van die normale driedimensionele geometrie van die troglea nog nie beskikbaar nie, wat duidelik blyk uit die swak uitkomste van patellofemorale artroplastie (PFA). In hierdie studie is ’n gestandaardiseerde metode vir die meting van femorale parameters op grond van driedimensionele femurmodelle ontwikkel. Die femurmodel is in lyn gebring met die meganiese en posterior kondilêre vlak, welke raamwerk gebruik is om die femorale parameters op ’n herhaalbare wyse te meet. Die normale knieë is geklassifiseer met ’n kunsmatige neurale netwerk (ANN), wat die femorale parameter-mate sowel as die chirurgiese klassifikasie ingesluit het, en 15 knieë is gevolglik as normaal aangewys. Die normaleknie-geometrie is ontleed deur B-latkrommes en sirkelboë op die sagittale oppervlak-kurwes aan te bring om te bewys en te herbevestig dat die keep uit ’n sirkelvorm op ’n sagittale vlak bestaan. Die ingesamelde data van die normale knieë is ingevoer by selfreëlende kaarte (SOM), synde ’n soort ANN, wat die navorser in staat gestel het om die normale trogleêre geometrie te voorspel. Die voorspelling van die anterior-posterior (AP) afstand en die trogleêre hoogtes toon ’n gemiddelde ooreenkoms van meer as 97 % tussen die werklike en voorspelde normale geometrie. ’n Gevallestudie is op vier soorte trogleêre displasie uitgevoer om die normale geometrie te voorspel en ’n oppervlakrekonstruksie daarop uit te voer. Hierdie studie het getoon dat die troglea ná oppervlakrekonstruksie verdiep was, met ’n gemiddelde trogleadiepte van 5.5 mm in vergelyking met die aanvanklike gemiddelde waarde van 2.9 mm. Hierdie navorsing het dus ’n metode aan die hand gedoen vir die kwantitatiewe beskrywing en voorspelling van normale geometrie met behulp van ANN sowel as met die femorale parameters wat nie deur die trogleêre displasie geraak word nie.
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Westlake, Steven James. "The effects of two weight training modes on selected flexibility measures in college age students." Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2195.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different strength training modes on joint range of motion. The problem of the study was to compare Nautilus to free-weight training modes in terms of selected joints' ranges of motion before and after an eight-week strength training program. The hypothesis asserted was that there was no difference between pre-test and post-test scores when comparing Nautilus to free-weight training modes. Subjects were thirty college-age students enrolled in beginning weight-training classes at the University of the Pacific. The subjects were acquired from intact classes and comprised two groups of 9 males and 6 females each. Pre-test and post-test flexibility measures were acquired by use of a Leighton Flex-o-meter and sit-and-reach protocols. Single joint measures of shoulder flexion, extension and abduction, hip flexion, extension and abduction, elbow flexion, knee flexion, and low back flexion were acquired. For eight weeks, two times per week, each class completed an 8 to 12 repetitions per each exercise protocol following the principles of training asserted by Nautilus. Pre-test data for all bilateral joints were statistically analyzed with paired t-tests in order to determine any differences. No significant bilateral differences were found; consequently, these data were converted to eight single measures of average range of motion of the joints respectively. Pretest data then were analyzed with two-factor ANOV A (group x gender) in order to determine if the two intact classes initially represented the same population. The only measure in which a group difference was found was shoulder extension (p
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Merila, Mati. "Anatomy and clinical relevance of the Glenohumeral joint capsule and ligaments /." Online version, 2005. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/581/5/merila.pdf.
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Lafrenière, Chantal M. "Masticatory muscles activities in temporomandibular joint internal derangement." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9682.
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Intramuscular EMG of the lateral pterygoid muscles, surface EMG of the temporalis and masseter muscles, electrogoniometry and force measurements of the TMJ were synchronously used to investigate the biomechanical role of the two portions of the lateral pterygoid muscle in relation to internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study dealt with the EMG analysis of five static conditions: resting, resisted protraction, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in opening, in molar and incisor clenching of TMJ ID and control subjects. The analysis of variance results of the integrated linear envelop (LE) EMG showed no significant differences between the two groups. The integrated LE EMG of the SLP was significantly lower in the TMJ group during molar clenching (104$\mu$V $\pm$ 60.0 over 159$\mu$V $\pm$ 68.8 for a p =.020). The SLP seemed to have lost its discal stabilizing function during clenching. The integrated LE EMG signals of the ILP were significantly higher in the TMJ ID group during rest, resisted protraction and incisor clenching (p =.029, p =.046, p =.031 respectively). The ILP muscle has probably adapted to control the inner joint instability while continuing its own actions. The results of the isometric forces showed that TMJ ID subjects exhibited significantly lower molar bite forces (297.1N over 419N, p =.042) confirming that they have less muscle strength and tissue tolerance than subjects with healthy masticatory muscle system. Incisor bite forces, however, showed a tendency to be higher in the TMJ ID group (233N over 180.5N, p =.168), possibly resulting from the training of a protracted bite and/or hyperactivity of the ILP associated with ID. Therefore a neuromuscular adaptation could be occurring in TMJ ID masticatory system affecting muscular actions and forces. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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MacNeil, Jon Bart. "Identification of time-varying human joint dynamics." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59654.
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In order to develop a comprehensive model of the motor control system the time-varying nature of joint dynamics must be addressed. However, it has not previously been possible to quantitatively observe changes in joint dynamics during a transition of state. In this work, a recently developed method for identification of linear time-varying dynamic systems from ensemble data has been used to obtain models of neuromuscular dynamics during a rapid contraction. The method, based on singular value decomposition, provides a series of nonparametric (impulse response function) models of a system's dynamics without a priori knowledge of its dynamic structure or time-variation, thus enabling study of the neuromuscular system during natural activity.<br>Application of this method to simulated and experimental data has shown it to be robust and accurate. Ankle dynamics have been tracked during voluntary isometric contraction of triceps surae, revealing behaviour more complex than second-order, characterized by a decrease in the joint's resistance to low frequency perturbations.
Books on the topic "Joints (Anatomy)"
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editor, Kuriyama Setsurō 1951, and Yang Enmei translator, eds. Ren ti xue xi shi dian: Ji rou, guan jie yun dong yu gou zao pian. Feng ye she wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2013.
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M, Andelman Samuel, ed. MRI atlas of the joints: Normal anatomy and pathology. Williams & Wilkins, 1992.
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Understanding joints: A practical guide to their structure and function. Stanley Thornes, 2000.
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Ji rou, guan jie gou zao & huo dong bai ke. Feng ye she wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2017.
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Barker, L. Keith. Modified Denavit-Hartenberg parameters for better location of joint axis systems in robot arms. Langley Research Center, 1986.
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editor, Kuriyama Setsurō 1951, and Zheng Shibin translator, eds. Tu jie ji rou yu guan jie: Yun dong, jie gou, bao jian. Rui sheng wen hua shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 2015.
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John, Qualter, ed. Anatomy of the moving body: A basic course in bones, muscles, and joints. 2nd ed. North Atlantic Books, 2008.
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K, Levangie Pamela, ed. Joint structure & function: A comprehensive analysis. 2nd ed. Davis, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Joints (Anatomy)"
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Lavignolle, B. "Sacroiliac Joints." In Spinal Anatomy. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20925-4_17.
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Dell’Osso, Antonio, Cinzia Marenzi, and Giuseppe Voltini. "Joints." In Atlas of Imaging Anatomy. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10750-9_13.
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Soren, Arnold. "Anatomy and Histology of Joints." In Arthritis and Related Affections. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77695-3_1.
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Soslowsky, L. J., G. A. Ateshian, and V. C. Mow. "Stereophotogrammetric Determination of Joint Anatomy and Contact Areas." In Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3450-0_10.
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Caon, Martin. "Skeleton and Joints." In Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2332-3_7.
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Caon, Martin. "Skeleton and Joints." In Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75599-1_7.
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Thiel, Walter. "Joints of the Foot 1 Anterolateral Aspect." In Photographic Atlas of Practical Anatomy I. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60435-5_199.
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Thiel, Walter. "Joints of the Foot 4 Medial Aspect." In Photographic Atlas of Practical Anatomy I. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60435-5_202.
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Rawlani, Shobha, and Shivlal Rawlani. "Joints." In Textbook of General Anatomy. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11527_5.
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Mazumdar, Sibani. "Joints." In Anatomy at a Glance. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10050_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Joints (Anatomy)"
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Metzger, D., E. Araujo, and D. Brown. "Anatomy of the Calandria Tube Rolled Joint." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26744.
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In CANDU™ (Canadian Deuterium Uranium) Reactors, the joint between the Calandria tubes to the Calandria tubesheets is achieved by roller expanded joints. This paper models a detailed account of the Calandria tube joint fabrication and deformation. Numerical simulation illustrates the mechanisms of bending and compression that cause the plastic deformation in the joint. Results show that the insert deformation must pinch the Calandria tube both axially and radially at groove edges to create leak tightness. Predicted rolling forces have been used to quantify the elastic deformation in the rollers and mandrel, and the final tool setting is seen to account for this springback as well as springback in the joint components.
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Murray, Wendy M., and Anca Velisar. "Passive Joint Coupling in the Forearm, Wrist, and Hand." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176691.
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Many muscles of the upper limb cross more than one joint. For example, each muscle that crosses the wrist also crosses at least one other joint. These muscles often have significant excursions at the other joints they cross [1]. The complex musculoskeletal anatomy of the upper limb results in passive mechanical couplings between joints; the passive moment produced about a given joint can be highly dependent on the positions of other joints [2]. This passive coupling can be clearly observed in the wrist and hand: when the elbow is flexed 90° and the forearm and hand are oriented so that gravity aids wrist flexion, the wrist rests in flexion and the fingers are extended. In contrast, supinating the forearm in this same elbow position (so that gravity aids wrist extension instead of wrist flexion) results in an extended wrist and flexed fingers.
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Duan, Shanzhong Shawn, and Keith M. Baumgarten. "A Computational Model of Scapulo-Humeral-Clavicle Complex via Multibody Dynamics." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12659.
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The shoulder-upper arm complex has the most mobile joint in the body and is composed of three main bones: the collarbone (clavicle), the shoulder blade (scapula), and the upper arm bone (humerus). The shoulder joint is a non-concentric ball and socket joint. It differs from the hip, a highly stabilized, concentric ball and socket joint, that is constrained mostly by its osseous anatomy. Thus, the shoulder has more flexibility and less inherent stability than the hip because it is mainly stabilized by muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The relative decrease in stability of the shoulder compared to other joints puts the shoulder at increase risk of damage by disease or injury. The constraints added by muscles, tendons, and ligaments make modeling of the shoulder a challenge task. This paper presents a multi rigid body model to describe dynamical properties of the scapulo-humeral-clavicle complex. The bones are represented by rigid bodies, and the soft tissues (tendons, ligaments and muscles) are represented by springs and actuators attached to the rigid bodies. The rigid bodies are connected by ideal kinematic joints and have fixed centers of gravity. Equations of motion of the multi rigid body model are derived via Kane’s methods. Combination of springs and actuators includes independent variables for both motion and constraint forces, the sum of which determine the activation level.
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Buford, William L., Dustin M. Loveland, Shukuki Koh, Rita M. Patterson, and Viegas F. Steven. "Moment Arms of the Intrinsic Muscles at the PIP Joint of the Middle Finger are Independent of the Position of the MCP Joint." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176554.
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Studies of muscle moment arms have classically followed a method of superposition whereby the measurement or derivation of moment arm magnitudes at any given joint assume independence of the position of joints proximal to the joint under study. This is particularly important for muscles crossing multiple joints. However, because of the nature of the soft tissue anatomy that defines the paths of the intrinsic muscles of the hand inserting into the extensor hood (also known as the dorsal expansion), this assumption may not be true for the intrinsic muscle moment arms at the Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) Joint. These are muscles that insert into the “hood” of the dorsal expansion at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of the fingers acting as flexors at the MCP joint and extensors at the PIP joint. The gliding and flexible nature of these tissues bring into question the validity of the assumption that the extension moment arm of the intrinsic muscles at the PIP joint are independent of the position of the MCP joint. Indeed the fact that some of the intrinsic muscles exhibit an increasing (bowstringing) moment arm at the MCP joint with increased flexion infers that the paths of muscles acting through the dorsal expansion do change with respect to phalanx rotation. Does this changing path then affect the extension moment arm of the intrinsics acting at the PIP joint? This project investigates this question with the hypothesis that the extension moment arms of the second lumbrical (2Lum), the second and third dorsal interosseous (2DI and 3DI) at the middle finger PIP joint are significantly different with the middle MCP joint flexed, neutral (at extension) and hyperextended.
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Charles, Steven. "Using K’NEX to Understand and Teach Concepts in Movement Biomechanics." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19590.
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In order to analyze the kinematics or model the dynamics of human motion, one must be able to abstract from the intricate anatomy of the body the mechanical linkages and kinematic constraints which best approximate the joints of the body. Given the number and complexity of joints in the human body, this abstraction can be a challenging task, especially for students. While rotations about a single degree of freedom are easy to grasp, rotations about multiple DOF, which occur commonly throughout the body (e.g. shoulder, wrist, ankle, etc.) are anything but trivial. Likewise, the kinematics or dynamics of mechanical linkages such as the upper or lower limb quickly become unwieldy. To deal with these challenges, students learn to use tools from mechanics and robotics (body- and space-fixed reference frames, transformations, generalized coordinates, etc.), but these concepts can themselves be challenging and certainly take time to learn.
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Prajapati, Kinjal, Fred Barez, James Kao, and David Wagner. "Dynamic Force Response of Human Legs due to Vertical Jumps." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62261.
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Jumping is a natural exertion that occurs during a variety of human activities including playing sports, working, skateboarding, dancing, escaping from hazardous events, rescue activities, and many others. During jumping, the ankles in particular are expected to support the entire body weight of the jumper and that may lead to ankle injuries. Each year hundreds of patients are treated for ankle sprains/strains with ankle fractures as one of the most common injuries treated by orthopedists and podiatrists. The knee joint is also considered the most-often injured joint in the entire human body. Although the general anatomy of the lower extremities is fairly well understood, an understanding of the injury mechanism during these jumping tasks is not well understood. The aim of this study is to determine the reaction forces exerted on legs and joints due to vertical jumps, through musculoskeletal simulation and experimental studies to better understand the dynamic jump process and the injury mechanism. The joint reaction forces and moments exerted on the ankle, knee and hip joint during takeoff and extreme squat landing of a vertical jump were determined through the application of musculoskeletal simulation. It is concluded that during extreme squat landing of a vertical jump, joint reaction forces and moments were highest in proximal/distal and anteroposterior direction may cause most likely injury to the hip joint ligaments, ankle fracture and knee joint, respectively.
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Zou, Qiuling, and Jingzhou James Yang. "Pseudo Standing, Forward Falling, and Pulling Simulation for Pregnant Women." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48654.
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This paper presents an optimization-based dynamic simulation for pregnant women pseudo standing, forward falling, and pulling tasks. Based on anatomy of pregnant women a digital pregnant woman model is developed. The model has 55 degrees of freedom (DOFs) including 6 global DOFs and 49 body DOFs. Recursive dynamic algorithm is used to formulate the equations of motion. Human motion can be formulated as a non-linear optimization problem. Control points of B-spline curves that represent joint angle profiles are design variables. The joint angles, angular velocities and angular accelerations, will be obtained from the control points. The summation of all joint actuator torque square acts as the objective function. Besides some common constraints, different constraints are adopted for standing, falling, and pulling, respectively. Three cases, non-pregnancy, 6-month, and 9-month pregnancy, are investigated. For the pulling task, 2N, 100N or 200N external load is applied as the pulling force. Determinant joints (hip, knee and ankle) are plotted to analyze the simulation results. The simulation results show the effects of pregnancy on human movement kinematics and dynamics. The average computational time for each case is close to 3.5 minutes in a Dell computer with 3.25 GB of RAM and 3.16 GHz.
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Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen D., James Guido DiStefano, Andrew Y. Park, Gerd Diederichs, Jenni M. Buckley, and William H. Montgomery. "Optimal Screw Placement for Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19115.
Full textAbstract:
The reverse design of the total shoulder arthroplasty has been utilized for elderly patients with severely degenerated glenohumoral joints that are rotator cuff deficient. One of the most common causes of failure in shoulder arthroplasty involves loosening or catastrophic failure of the glenoid component. Such problems can be related to suboptimal fixation due to bone loss from fractures, severe degenerative changes and from previous failed arthroplasty surgery [1]. This emphasizes the need to secure the glenoid component with sound screw purchase beyond the glenoid vault. However, such fixation can often be tenuous as scapula bone quality is heterogeneous with a wide variation across short distances [2, 3]. Moreover, it can be difficult to identify regions with the best bone stock intraoperatively. This often requires multiple passes with the drill, which leads to further bone loss and potential decreased screw purchase. Thus, it is important for the surgeon to have a firm understanding of scapular anatomy with potential screw trajectories in mind.
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Haghshenas-Jaryani, Mahdi, Wei Carrigan, Muthu B. J. Wijesundara, Rita M. Patterson, Nicoleta Bugnariu, and Timothy Niacaris. "Kinematic Study of a Soft-and-Rigid Robotic Digit for Rehabilitation and Assistive Applications." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59921.
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This paper presents the kinematic study of a pneumatically actuated soft-and-rigid robotic digit designed to be used in exoskeleton-based hand rehabilitation and assistive applications. The soft-and-rigid robotic digit is comprised of three inflatable bellow-shaped structure sections (soft sections) and four semi-rigid sections in an alternating order which correspond to the anatomy of a human finger. The forward and backward bending motions at each soft section (joint) are generated by pressure and vacuum actuation, respectively. The goal here is to investigate the compatibility of the soft robotic digit’s kinematic parameters such as range of motion, center of rotation, and lengthening at the joints with the required anatomical motion of the human finger to ensure proper function and safe interaction. The soft robotic digits were fabricated using silicone rubber materials in a compression molding process for the experimental study. The kinematic parameters of both a human and soft robotic index finger were measured using a motion capture system. The obtained results show that the robotic digit was able to provide the required range of motion: 0–90° at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint, 0–100° at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, and 0–70° at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. Furthermore, the data show the center of rotation of each soft section (robotic joint) was remotely coincident with that of the corresponding index finger. The lengthening of the three soft sections of the robotic digit were measured to be 7mm, 7mm, and 2mm for the MCP, PIP, and DIP, respectively. The corresponding values for the dorsal skin lengthening of a human index finger is 11mm, 15mm, and 5mm and are longer than the achieved lengthening in the robotic digit.
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Rusa´k, Zolta´n, Csaba Antonya, Wilfred van der Vegte, Imre Horva´th, and Edit Varga. "A New Approach to Interactive Grasping Simulation of Product Concepts in a Virtual Reality Environment." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35227.
Full textAbstract:
Customer evaluation of concepts plays an important role in the design of handheld devices, such as bottles of douche gels and shampoos, where the phenomenon of grasping needs to be evaluated. In these applications important information on the aspects of ergonomics and user behaviors could be gathered from computer simulation. It is our ultimate goal to develop an environment in which users and designers can freely interact with product concepts. In our approach to grasping simulation there is no tactile feedback and we do not measure the exerted grasping forces. There is no wiring of the human hand, and the users are not limited in their movements. We measure the motion of the human hand, compute the grasping forces based on anthropometric data, and simulate the reaction of product concepts in a physically based virtual reality environment. Our contribution consists of: (i) a method, which takes into account the anatomy of the human hand in order to determine the maximum grasping forces, and (ii) an approach which enables to control the grasping forces based on (a) the penetration of the virtual human hand into the virtual model of product concept (b) the posture of the grasping, and (c) the angles of the joints. The paper reports on the framework of our approach and presents an application.