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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Joints, radiography

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Academic literature on the topic 'Joints, radiography'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Joints, radiography"

1

Dalbeth, Nicola, Opetaia Aati, Ramanamma Kalluru, Gregory D. Gamble, Anne Horne, Anthony J. Doyle, and Fiona M. McQueen. "Relationship between structural joint damage and urate deposition in gout: a plain radiography and dual-energy CT study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 74, no. 6 (February 12, 2014): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204273.

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ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to examine the relationship between joint damage and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in gout.MethodsPlain radiographs and dual-energy CT (DECT) scans of the feet were prospectively obtained from 92 people with tophaceous gout. Subcutaneous tophus count was recorded. The ten metatarsophalangeal joints were scored on plain radiography for Sharp–van der Heijde erosion and joint space narrowing (JSN) scores, and presence of spur, osteophyte, periosteal new bone and sclerosis (920 total joints). DECT scans were analysed for the presence of MSU crystal deposition at the same joints.ResultsDECT MSU crystal deposition was more frequently observed in joints with erosion (OR (95% CI) 8.5 (5.5 to 13.1)), JSN (4.2 (2.7 to 6.7%)), spur (7.9 (4.9 to 12.8)), osteophyte (3.9 (2.5 to 6.0)), periosteal new bone (7.0 (4.0 to 12.2)) and sclerosis (6.9 (4.6 to 10.2)), p<0.0001 for all. A strong linear relationship was observed in the frequency of joints affected by MSU crystals with radiographic erosion score (p<0.0001). The number of joints at each site with MSU crystal deposition correlated with all features of radiographic joint damage (r>0.88, p<0.05 for all). In linear regression models, the relationship between MSU crystal deposition and all radiographic changes except JSN and osteophytes persisted after adjusting for subcutaneous tophus count, serum urate concentration and disease duration.ConclusionsMSU crystals are frequently present in joints affected by radiographic damage in gout. These findings support the concept that MSU crystals interact with articular tissues to influence the development of structural joint damage in this disease.

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Tarigan, Liberti, and Parsaoran Pasaribu. "Elbow Joint Radiography with Suspection of Olecranon Process Fracture in the Hospital Columbia Asia Medan." International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/ijphe.v3i1.680.

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Elbow Joint Radiography with a suspected Olecranon Process Fracture , in order to get an optimal image requires the right equipment to support the smooth running of health services such as using a General X-ray Unit X-ray. The aim of elbow joint radiography research is to show the anatomy and obtain a radiographic picture of the elbow joint with abnormalities that occur in the elbow joint. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. Qualitative research techniques are research that is descriptive in nature and tends to use analysis and the subject's perspective is emphasized more. The results obtained from a radiographic examination of the elbow joint with suspected olecranon process fracture using a machine with a capacity of 500mA. In radiographs of elbow joints with suspected olecranon process fractures, it is necessary to adjust the size of the radiation field as needed so that the radiation dose received by the patient is smaller.

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Diekhoff, Torsten, Kay-Geert A. Hermann, Juliane Greese, Carsten Schwenke, Denis Poddubnyy, Bernd Hamm, and Joachim Sieper. "Comparison of MRI with radiography for detecting structural lesions of the sacroiliac joint using CT as standard of reference: results from the SIMACT study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 9 (March 10, 2017): 1502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210640.

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ObjectiveRadiographs of sacroiliac (SI) joints are used for the detection of structural damage in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), but are often difficult to interpret. Here, we address the question how the T1-weighted MRI (T1w MRI) sequence compares with radiography for SI joints’ structural lesions using low-dose CT as the standard of reference.MethodsRadiographs, T1w MRI and low-dose CT of the SI joints from 110 patients (mean age 36.1 (19–57) years, 52% males and 48% females; 53% with axSpA, 21 non-radiographic axSpA and 32% radiographic axSpA, 47% with non-SpA) referred to the rheumatologist because of unclear chronic back pain, but possible axSpA, were scored for structural lesions (erosions, sclerosis, joint space changes and an overall impression of positivity).ResultsUsing low-dose CT as the standard of reference, T1w MRI showed markedly better sensitivity with significantly more correct imaging findings compared with radiography for erosions (79% vs 42%; p=0.002), joint space changes (75% vs 41%; p=0.002) and overall positivity (85% vs 48%; p=0.001), respectively, while there were no differences between X-rays and MRI-T1 sequence regarding specificity (>80% for all scores). Only for sclerosis, MRI-T1 was inferior to radiography (sensitivity 30% vs 70%, respectively), however, not statistically significant (p=0.663).ConclusionsT1w MRI was superior to radiography in the detection of structural lesion of the SI joints in patients with axSpA. Future studies should focus on finding an agreement on the definition of MRI-T1 positivity.

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M, Yatsulіak, Nemesh M, Martsyniak S, Kabatsiy M, and Filipchuk v. "Original positioning method to determine the clinical and radiographic parameters of the hip joint in patients with cerebral palsy." MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology 13, no. 4 (August 16, 2021): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojor.2021.13.00555.

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Relevance: Obtaining true radiographic parameters of the hip joint helps to choose therapeutic tactics for children with cerebral palsy. Goal of the study: Improvement of the diagnostic results in pathology of the hip joint among patients with cerebral palsy by using our original method. Materials and methods: The number of examined patients – 30 persons (60 joints), 15 boys and 15 girls, 26 joints were operated. The age of patients ranged between 3-15 years. All patients underwent a clinical evaluation – Ruwe's femoral torsion, as well as radiography of the hip joints using our original method (utility model patent №137567). The offered method is cheap, simple and accessible to all medical institutions with an X-ray room, for the diagnosis and screening of pathology of the hip joint. The our original method can be used to determine all the main parameters of the hip joint (femoral torsion, neck-shaft angle, Viberg angle, Reimers’ index, acetabular angle, Sharp’s angle) in patients with cerebral palsy. Making only single radiograph, one obtains true radiographic parameters of both hip joints, which significantly reduces the radiation load upon the patient. Our method can be used in the examination and screening of patients with developmental disorders and other diseases of the hip joint.

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Bagaev, K. A., D. I. Galkin, A. V. Puzanov, and A. O. Ustinov. "THE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY APPLICATION EXPERIENCE AT WORLDSKILLS KAZAN 2019 CHAMPIONSHIP." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 258 (December 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.12.pp.036-043.

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The 45 World championship WORLDSKILLS KAZAN 2019 took place this summer in Kazan. The competition of welders was a part of the championship. The quality of welded joints produced by participants was inspected using digital and computed radiography. These technologies deeply reduced time of radiographic inspection. The quality of radiographs corresponded to improved techniques – class B according to ISO 17636-2 standard. Test arrangements used, resulted images and the role of digital radiography software were described inside the article. Several ways to improve productivity of testing were proposed. It was concluded that digital radiography is applicable for wide range of tasks; the preferred method is dependent on task and testing object.

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van Bree, Henri. "Vacuum phenomenon associated with osteochondrosis of the scapulohumeral joint in dogs: 100 cases (1985-1991)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 201, no. 12 (December 15, 1992): 1916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1992.201.12.1916.

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Summary The vacuum phenomenon was visualized in 20 of 100 scapulohumeral joints with osteochondritic lesions in 65 dogs. The phenomenon was associated with the finding of a cartilage flap, lack of joint effusion, and clinical signs of pain and lameness. The vacuum phenomenon was not observed on radiography of 30 clinically normal contralateral joints, and it could not be induced in 36 clinically normal scapulohumeral joints radiographed under stressed extension.

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Jonsson, K., K. Buckwalter, M. Helvie, L. Niklason, and W. Martel. "Precision of Hyaline Cartilage Thickness Measurements." Acta Radiologica 33, no. 3 (May 1992): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519203300308.

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Measurement of cartilage thickness in vivo is an important indicator of the status of a joint as the various degenerative and inflammatory arthritides directly affect the condition of the cartilage. In order to assess the precision of thickness measurements of hyaline articular cartilage, we undertook a pilot study using MR imaging, plain radiography, and ultrasonography (US). We measured the cartilage of the hip and knee joints in 10 persons (4 healthy volunteers and 6 patients). The joints in each patient were examined on two separate occasions using each modality. In the hips as well as the knee joints, the most precise measuring method was plain film radiography. For radiographs of the knees obtained in the standing position, the coefficient of variation was 6.5%; in the hips this figure was 6.34%. US of the knees and MR imaging of the hips were the second best modalities in the measurement of cartilage thickness. In addition, MR imaging enabled the most complete visualization of the joint cartilage.

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Puerto, David A., Gail K. Smith, Thomas P. Gregor, Elizabeth LaFond, Michael G. Conzemius, Lori W. Cabell, and Pamela J. McKelvie. "Relationships between results of the Ortolani method of hip joint palpation and distraction index, Norberg angle, and hip score in dogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 214, no. 4 (February 15, 1999): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1999.214.04.497.

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Objective To determine whether results of the Ortolani method of hip joint palpation in dogs were related to distraction index (DI), Norberg angle, or radiographic hip score. Design Cross-sectional study. Animals 459 clinically normal dogs. Procedure Dogs were sedated for radiography and palpation of the hip joints. Results of hip joint palpation were classified as negative, mild positive, moderate positive, or severe positive. Distraction indices were measured for all dogs. Norberg angles were measured for 380 dogs for which ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic projections were available. Hip scores assigned by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) were available for 95 dogs. Results Age, weight, and sex were not significantly associated with results of hip joint palpation. There was moderate correlation between results of hip joint palpation and DI (r = 0.636), low-moderate correlation between results of hip joint palpation and OFA hip scores (rs = 0.437), and weak negative correlation (r = -0.236) between results of hip joint palpation and Norberg angle. For joints without degenerative joint disease (DJD), there was a significant linear relationship between results of hip palpation and DI; however, for joints with DJD, there was not. Results of hip joint palpation were 5.3-fold as likely to be negative for dogs with DJD as for dogs without. Clinical Implications Results of hip joint palpation were at best moderately correlated with radiographic measures of hip joint laxity. Therefore, hip joint palpation should be combined with hip-extended and stress radiography when assessing hip joint quality. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:497–501).

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Pradsgaard, Dan Østergaard, Arne Hørlyck, Anne Helene Spannow, Carsten Heuck, and Troels Herlin. "A Comparison of Radiographic Joint Space Width Measurements Versus Ultrasonographic Assessment of Cartilage Thickness in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.170571.

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Objective.Joint space narrowing (JSN) is a measurable outcome of tissue degeneration in arthritis. JSN is usually assessed by conventional radiography. Ultrasonographic (US) measurement of joint cartilage thickness has been validated in healthy children, and US measurement of the distal femoral cartilage has been validated in a group of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Our aim was to compare the measures of cartilage thickness of the proximal cartilage site in the second metacarpophalangeal (MCP), second proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and knee joints as assessed by US to joint space width (JSW) as measured by computerized radiography in children with JIA.Methods.The study included 74 children with JIA aged 5–15 years (median 11.3 yrs). MCP and PIP joints were assessed at one midline spot. Knee joints were assessed at the medial and lateral femoral condylar areas. Only the proximal cartilage site in the joints was assessed by US, whereas the complete JSW was assessed by radiography.Results.We assessed 136 second MCP, 138 second PIP, and 146 knee joints. We found a high level of agreement between US and radiographic measures of cartilage thickness and JSW: r = 0.82–0.86 (second MCP), r = 0.50–0.55 (second PIP), and r = 0.52–0.81 (knee); p < 0.001 for all 8 assessed sites.Conclusion.US measurements of cartilage thickness of the proximal site of the second MCP, second PIP, and knee joints correlated well with radiographic JSW measurements in the finger and knee joints of children with JIA. However, US does not measure the distal cartilage, which may limit its use in the assessment of JSN.

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Jaremko, Jacob L., Lei Liu, Naomi J. Winn, Janet E. Ellsworth, and Robert G. W. Lambert. "Diagnostic Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Radiography in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis: Evaluation of the Sacroiliac Joints in Controls and Affected Subjects." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 5 (March 15, 2014): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131064.

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Objective.To compare the utility of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis in pediatric patients presenting with low back and/or sacroiliac (SI) pain of potentially inflammatory etiology.Methods.Radiographs and MRI studies of the SI joints in 26 patients with juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA) and 35 controls were assessed independently by 2 radiologists, with discrepancies arbitrated by a third. Radiographs and MRI were blinded and read in separate batches in random order.Results.Erosion was common and was the most useful diagnostic feature on radiography [positive likelihood ratio (LR) = 3.5] and was especially diagnostic of SpA on MRI (LR = 6.7). Subchondral sclerosis was common but was the least specific feature for both modalities. Joint space narrowing had some utility on radiography (LR = 2.0) and MRI (LR = 2.7) but was uncommon and had poor reader reliability. Bone marrow edema (LR = 3.1) and subarticular fat infiltration (LR = 4.5), detectable only on MRI, were both useful features. Global diagnostic impression of MRI (LR = 9.4) had very high utility for the diagnosis of JSpA, exceeding radiography (LR = 4.4) because of superior specificity. In addition, global diagnosis of SpA is much more reliably made on MRI (κ = 0.80) compared to radiography (κ = 0.30).Conclusion.Specificity and reliability of MRI of the SI joints are superior to radiography for the diagnosis of juvenile-onset SpA and, where available, MRI should replace radiography as the first line of investigation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Joints, radiography"

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麥淑嫻 and Suk-han Anna Mak. "Thumb base joints: comparison between standard and special radiographic projections." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31223187.

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Gunes, E. evren. "Computerized Test Procedure For Industrial Radiographic Examination Of Metallic Welded Joints." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605553/index.pdf.

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Radiography is an extensively used NDT method, especially in nuclear, aerospace and automotive industries where optimal designs call for greater reliability. The rules corresponding to industrial radiography are defined in a system of radiographic standards. The standards related to the radiographic testing of metallic welded joints had been harmonised in all over the Europe and at the end in 1997, the standard "
EN 1435"
was established and published. Since then, this standard has become the most widely used standard where the radiographic applications are necessary. To eliminate the person based errors during application of the standard, moreover to save time, cost and effort in radiographic exposures, in this study it was aimed to write a computer program which is able to calculate all necessary parameters for a radiographic exposure related to this standard EN 1435. In the programming stage, Visual Basic 6.0 &
#61651
was used. The program consists of many windows, each giving and controlling separate parameters related to the exposure. Besides giving all the needed parameters, the evolved program is able to prepare a report with these parameters. So, both radiography technicians and experts can use it. It is believed that this study constructs a basis for developing other computerised test procedures for any kind of non-destructive testing methods used in industry today.

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Tandjaoui, Amina. "Solidification dirigée du silicium multi-cristallin pour les applications photovoltaïques : caractérisation in situ et en temps réel par imagerie X synchrotron." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4319/document.

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Nous avons étudié in situ et en temps réel la structure de grains du silicium multi-cristallin issue de la solidification dirigée en utilisant l’imagerie X synchrotron. La radiographie X permet de suivre l’évolution de l’interface solide/liquide et de caractériser sa dynamique et sa morphologie. La topographie X nous donne des informations sur la structure de grains formée, les contraintes et les défauts issus de la solidification. Nous avons montré l’importance la préparation de l’état initial de la solidification en particulier pour les expériences de reprise sur germe. L’analyse de la morphologie de l’interface solide/liquide nous a permis de caractériser la surfusion cinétique du front de solidification, de comprendre l’évolution des sillons de joints de grains et d’analyser les mécanismes de compétition de grains ainsi que de révéler l’impact des impuretés sur la structure de grains formée à l’issue de la solidification. Le phénomène de maclage a aussi été observé dans nos expériences et nous avons démontré que les macles dans le silicium multi-cristallin peuvent être des macles de croissance. Deux types de macles ont été identifiés et le phénomène de compétition de grains en présence de macles étudié
We studied in situ and real-time the grain structure of multi-crystalline silicon from directional solidification using synchrotron X-ray imaging techniques. X-ray Radiography gives information on the evolution, dynamics and morphology of the solid/liquid interface. X- ray Topography gives more information on the grain structure, strains and defects that occur during solidification step. We showed the importance of the preparation of the initial stage of solidification in particular in the experiments where solidification is initiated from seed. The analysis of the solid/liquid interface morphology allowed us to characterize the kinetic undercooling of the solidification front, to understand the evolution of the grains boundary grooves and to analyze the mechanisms of grain competition and also to reveal the impurities impact on the grain structure formed at the end of the solidification. We also observed twinning phenomenon in our experiments and we demonstrated that twins in multi-crystalline silicon can be growth twins. Two kinds of silicon twins have been identified and the grain competition phenomenon with twins studied

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Vitule, Luiz Fernando. "Avaliação da ressonância magnética da mão dominante na artrite reumatóide precoce: correlação com a radiologia convencional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-19032007-112614/.

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A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma patologia crônica e sistêmica de etiologia desconhecida provavelmente multifatorial na qual há um predomínio de acometimento da sinóvia. Afeta de 0,5 a 1 % da população com predomínio nas mulheres. O diagnóstico precoce e o inicio da terapêutica adequada são fundamentais e podem modificar a evolução da doença reduzindo as graves seqüelas. O custo do exame de ressonância magnética (RM) é a maior limitação neste método de diagnóstico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a especificidade e a sensibilidade da ressonância magnética (RM) da mão e do punho de pacientes com AR precoce de acordo com os parâmetros do OMERACT (comitê internacional para avaliação de medidas em reumatologia para análise da ressonância magnética) correlacionando com a radiologia convencional. Foram avaliados 19 pacientes com AR (idade: 22-64 anos) e um grupo controle composto por 10 indivíduos sem história de patologias prévias com idade de 26-46 anos. Foram realizados exames de radiografia (RX) e RM da mão e do punho dominante. Treze articulações foram avaliadas pelo RX convencional (radio-ulnar distal, radiocarpal, intercarpal e metacarpofalângicas do primeiro ao quinto dedo e articulação interfalângicas proximais do primeiro ao quinto dedo). As lesões ósseas no RX foram classificadas de acordo com o método de Van Der Heiidje com graduações de 0 a 4 para redução do espaço articular e de 0 a 5 para erosão óssea. Foram realizados exames de RM num equipamento marca GE 1,5 T Signa Horizon LX (General Eletric medical systems) utilizando T1, T2 eco de spin e T1 eco de Spin com saturação de gordura após a infusão do contraste paramagnético gadopentato dimegumina. O protocolo foi realizado de acordo com as padronizações do OMERACT. Como resultados obtivemos que a RM foi mais sensível na pesquisa de erosão óssea (94,7%) que o RX (78,9%). Somente as articulações intercarpais e metacarpo-falângicas do segundo dedo demonstraram correlação estatística entre os 2 métodos (r=0,47 p=0,04 e r=0,63 p=0,004). Para erosão óssea os compartimentos radiocarpal (73,7%) e intercarpal (84,2%) foram os mais sensíveis e com maior acurácia. Além disso, a RM foi muito sensível no estudo da sinovite presente em 100% dos pacientes com AR comparados com 20% do grupo controle. Quando estudados nos sítios anatômicos o carpo foi o local mais sensível para a sinovite (100%). O edema intra-ósseo foi mais detectado no punho com uma alta especificidade (90%), porém com baixa acurácia (50%) um achado importante é que a analise simultânea do punho e da mão não aumentou a detecção de um maior número de pacientes com AR. Concluindo, a RM foi mais sensível que o RX no estudo da AR precoce. Este trabalho demonstrou que o estudo do punho apresentou uma ótima sensibilidade e especificidade no diagnóstico precoce da AR e somente o estudo deste compartimento parece ser adequado com redução do custo do exame para os pacientes, portanto na análise do AR precoce o punho parece apresentar melhor desempenho.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic disease of unknown etiology probably multifactorial with a predominant involvement of synovial tissue. The disease prevalence is 0.5-1% and affects more often women. Early diagnosis and therapy are essential to modify the course of the disease and reduce the degree of severe late sequelae. The cost of MRI of this region is a major limitation for the use of this sensitive exam. We therefore decided to evaluate if the wrist magnetic resonance with a simultaneous reading of wrist and hand compartments according to the OMERACT parameters would be sensitive and accurate to diagnose early RA. We have evaluated 19 patients with RA (ages: 22-64 years) and 10 age-matched controls. X-ray and MRI evaluated the dominant wrist all subjects. Thirteen joints were evaluated by conventional radiography: radio-ulnar distal (DRU), radiocarpal joint (RC), intercarpal (IC), metacarpo-phalageal (first to fifth finger) and phalangophalangeal (first to fifth finger). The bone lesion in the radiograph was scored by the method of Van Der Heidje for joint damage and for joint narrowing space. Wrist MRI imaging was performed with 1,5 T GE Signa Horizon LX 8,2 (General Eletric medical systems) with multiplanar T1, T2 (spin echo and fast spin echo) and T1 fat sat after intravenous injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine, according to the definitions of OMERACT. The MRI was more sensitive to detect erosion (94.7%) than the conventional X-ray (78.9%), and only intercarpal and metacarpofalangic joints of the second finger showed statistic correlation in the two methods (r=0.47 p=0.04 e r= 0.63 p=0.004). Of interest, among the anatomic compartments evaluated the radiocarpal (73.7%) and intercarpal joints (84.2%) were the most sensitive and accurate to detect erosion. Moreover, the MRI was also very sensitive to detect synovitis, present in 100% of the AR compared 20% in the control group, p<0,001. With regards to the anatomic site, synovitis was uniformly observed in all carpal joints (100%). Edema was also more frequently detected in the wrist joints with a high specificity (90%) but low accuracy (50%). Importantly, the simultaneous reading of wrist and hands did not identify additional cases. MRI imaging was more sensitive than conventional radiography in detecting early lesion in RA Our data support the notion that wrist MRI has an excellent sensitivity and specificity to diagnose early RA, and therefore only this assessment seems to be adequate, with a reduced cost for the patients. Additionally, we have demonstrated that the reading may be restrict to the wrist compartment, overcoming the technical limitations of the hand anatomical site.

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Tompson, Carl G. "Radiographic determination of the lay-up influence on fatigue damage development under bearing/bypass conditions." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29689.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Dr. Steve Johnson; Committee Member: Dr. Andrew Makeev; Committee Member: Kyriaki Kalaitzidou. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Coombs, Malcolm Iain. "Diagnostic Imaging Of The Temporomandibular Joint." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4965.

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Sadan, Madeh Adel Abd Elrahiem. "Radiographic studies on the carpal joints in some small animals." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2010/7619/index.html.

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Mak, Suk-han Anna. "Thumb base joints : comparison between standard and special radiographic projections /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22079142.

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Charlesworth, Gregory C. "An Assessment Of The Accuracy Of Transcranial Radiographs Of The Temporomandibular Joint." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4318.

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Sadan, Madeh A. A. [Verfasser]. "Radiographic studies on the carpal joints in some small animals / eingereicht von Madeh A. A. Sadan." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004757735/34.

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Books on the topic "Joints, radiography"

1

1934-, Brown J. C., ed. The radiology of joint disease. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1987.

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Pak, Yong-hwi. Combined scintigraphic and radiographic diagnosis of bone and joint diseases. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2000.

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Pak, Yong-hwi. Combined scintigraphic and radiographic diagnosis of bone and joint diseases. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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4

Arndt, Rolf-D. Clinicalarthrography. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1985.

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Runge, Michel. Bones and joints: 170 radiological exercises for students and practioners. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Runge, Michel. Bones and joints: 170 radiological exercises for students and practioners. Berlin: Springer, 1987.

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Burgener, Francis A. Bone and joint disorders: Conventional radiologic differential diagnosis. Stuttgart: G. Thieme Verlag, 1997.

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Baldev, Raj. Non-destructive testing of welds. New Delhi, India: Narosa Pub. House, 2000.

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Bullough, Peter G. Atlas of orthopedic pathology: With clinical and radiologic correlations. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott ; New York : Gower Medical Pub., 1991.

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Eksell, Per. Imaging of bone spavin: A radiographic and scintigraphic study of degenerative joint disease in the distal tarsus in Icelandic horses. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Joints, radiography"

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Matsubara, Kazuhito, and Sadayuki Sakuma. "Diseases of the bones and joints." In Computed Radiography, 137–54. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66884-8_17.

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Grainger, Andrew J., and Charles S. Resnik. "Arthritis." In IDKD Springer Series, 149–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71281-5_11.

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AbstractImaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of joint disease. However, to accurately diagnose the underlying cause of a patient’s arthritis, consideration must be given to the clinical information available as well as to the imaging features of the disease. The pattern of joint involvement in each case is particularly important, with consideration of the number of joints involved, whether or not the joints are affected symmetrically on both sides of the body, and which specific joints are affected. In cases of peripheral arthritis involving the small joints of the hands and feet, the distribution of joint disease detected on the radiograph is often as important in making the correct diagnosis as the radiographic features of the disease.While cross-sectional imaging modalities have an important role to play, the conventional radiograph remains fundamental to the diagnosis of joint disease and is commonly the first imaging investigation undertaken.

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Chan, Y. C., D. J. Xie, J. K. L. Lai, F. Yeung, and H. Wong. "Applications of X-Ray Radiography to the Study of Porosities in Surface Mount Solder Joints." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VI, 683–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2574-5_87.

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Varma, K. Vijaya Krishna, B. V. R. Ravi Kumar, and M. Venkata Ramana. "Experimental Investigation of Weld Charcteristics in Friction Stir Welded Joints Aa 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy by X-Ray Radiography." In Advances in Lightweight Materials and Structures, 607–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7827-4_62.

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Dinda, Soumitra Kumar, Prakash Srirangam, and Gour Gopal Roy. "X-ray Radiography Study on Defect Analysis of Electron Beam Welded Plain C-Steel and Fe-7% Al Alloy Joints." In TMS 2021 150th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 346–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65261-6_31.

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Horner, Keith, and David MacDonald. "Conventional Radiography in TMJ Imaging." In Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint, 79–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99468-0_5.

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Gawor, Jerzy. "Radiography of the Temporomandibular Joint and Mandibular Symphysis." In Practical Veterinary Dental Radiography, 249–69. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2017]: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b20288-16.

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Bouysset, M., and T. Tavernier. "Radiography of the foot." In Bone and Joint Disorders of the Foot and Ankle, 21–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06132-9_3.

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Tönnis, Dietrich. "General Radiography of the Hip Joint." In Congenital Dysplasia and Dislocation of the Hip in Children and Adults, 100–142. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71038-4_9.

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Reyneke, Johan P., and Carlo Ferretti. "Diagnosis and Planning in Orthognathic Surgery." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1437–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_66.

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AbstractThe clinical evaluation of the face is the most important aspect of evaluating patients with dentofacial deformities. The clinical examination is the primary determinant in making a diagnosis and developing a treatment plan. The basic treatment goals are: establishment of orofacial function, ensure stability of results, achieve facial esthetics and to consider the patency of the airway. The systematic clinical examination is divided into five basic evaluations: the frontal view, the profile view, three quarter view, an occlusal assessment and the temporomandibular joint evaluation. The clinical diagnosis is then confirmed with special investigations such as panoramic, lateral and anteroposterior cephalometric radiographs and other investigations as required. A dental, skeletal and soft tissue problem list is then noted and orthodontic and surgical solutions integrated into a final treatment plan. A cephalometric radiographic tracing or a 3D virtual treatment planning system is finally used to measure the planned surgical movements and to visualize the expected treatment results.

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Conference papers on the topic "Joints, radiography"

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Murphy, Ken, and David Lowe. "Evaluation of a Novel Microwave Based NDT Inspection Method for Polyethylene Joints." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-58086.

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Exova is continuing in the long tradition of Pipeline Developments Limited (PDL) in the UK with research, development, testing, quality assurance (QA) and failure analysis of modern plastic pipe materials and joints. Along with this ongoing work Exova has assessed various non destructive testing (NDT) techniques in an attempt to further improve the reliability of Polyethylene (PE) joints in the field. In the past, reliable inspection of PE pipe joints using NDT has proven to be difficult, but this has generally been based upon the use of existing metallic inspection methods, including radiography and ultrasound. However neither radiography nor ultrasound can reliably detect key issues that are known to affect PE joint quality such as fine particulate contamination and cold fusion in butt welds and misalignment and contamination in electrofusion joints. Advances in technology have seen the development of a new non destructive testing (NDT) technique using low voltage microwave imaging. Microwave imaging has been developed in North America by Evisive Inc to inspect modern dielectric materials such as PE. Comprehensive laboratory testing indicated that this technique could be used reliably and repeatedly to detect issues related to poor PE joint fabrication in butt welds and electrofusion joints. Issues which have been identified include fine particle contamination, lack of fusion and misalignment. More recently field trials have been carried out on various PE joints, to establish a correlation between the microwave NDT results obtained and mechanical testing results.

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Anderst, William J., and Scott Tashman. "In Vivo Bone Motion From High Frame Rate Stereo Radiography." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43079.

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This paper presents a method to calculate functional joint space during dynamic movement. This method combines high-speed biplane radiographic image data and three-dimensional (3D) bone surface data obtained from computed tomography (CT). Subjects were patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery. Three tantalum beads were implanted bilaterally into both the femur and tibia during surgery. CT scans were performed after bead implantation, and the CT slices were reconstructed into 3D solid figures, with the implanted beads identifiable within the stack of CT slices. Subjects were tested 6,12 and 24 months post surgery. Testing activities included downhill running on a treadmill and one-legged hopping onto a force plate. During testing, the stereo-radiographic imaging system collected images at 250 frames per second. Later, the implanted beads were identified in the x-ray images and tracked in 3D with an accuracy of 0.10 mm. The 3D bead location data were used to position the reconstructed solid bone figures in 3D space. In this way, the location of each bone surface was determined each instant. This method can be used to identify the regions of close contact between bones during dynamic motion, to calculate the surface area of subchondral bone within close contact, and to determine the changing position of the close contact area during dynamic activities. Using these techniques, comparisons can be made between subchondral bone motion in healthy and reconstructed joints and changes in dynamic joint space can be measured over time.

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Castello, Todd, Dan Rooney, and Dongkai Shangguan. "Failure Analysis Techniques for Lead-Free Solder Joints." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0295.

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Abstract Printed circuit board assembly with lead free solder is now a reality for most global electronics manufacturers. Extensive research and development has been conducted to bring lead free assembly processes to a demonstrated proficiency. Failure analysis has been an integral part of this effort and will continue to be needed to solve problems in volume production. Many failure analysis techniques can be directly applied to study lead free solder interconnects, while others may require some modification in order to provide adequate analysis results. In this paper, several of the most commonly applied techniques for solder joint failure analysis will be reviewed, including visual inspection, x-ray radiography, mechanical strength testing, dye & pry, metallography, and microscopy/photomicrography, comparing their application to lead bearing and lead free solder interconnects. Common failure modes and mechanisms will be described with examples specific to lead free solders, following PCB assembly as well as after accelerated reliability tests.

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Flores, Miguel Angel Neri, Alberto Martinez Villafañe, and Caleb Carreño. "Failure Analysis of Automotive Ultrasonic Parking Sensors." In ISTFA 2016. ASM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2016p0237.

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Abstract Automotive ultrasonic parking sensors were analyzed using X- ray computed tomography (XCT or microtomography), in order to determine if there were internal failures generated on the soldering process between copper wires and piezoelectric ceramic on these sensors. This paper reports the use of X-ray radiography and computer image processing for the study of internal defects. By using X-ray tomography technique, pores, cracks, holes, solder balling, insufficient solder, lead related defects, device related defects, and solder bridging may be identified (1-2). When coupled with a real time radiographic detector and image processor, X-ray technology allows instantaneous radiographic imaging and semi-automatic or totally automatic inspection. Analysis was conducted on six produced test samples showing that the application of XCT as a method of quality control of specimens produced by electronic packaging offers a wide range of possibilities to detect defects within materials. There were determined that five sensors contain internal defects on the soldered joints, between the copper wire, and the piezo electric ceramic covered with silver paint, as shown on the computed tomography. Accuracy of XCT method strongly depends on the size of the samples analyzed, but the possibility of obtaining information in 3D nondestructively shows considerable advantages of XCT method over traditional metallographic cross-sectional analysis.

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Thon, Harald, and Bjo̸rn Melve. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of Composite Pipes and Tanks: Development of Inspection Strategies." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51597.

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The document describes practical experience gained from several research programmes and the use of GRP products both offshore and onshore. An OLF document was compiled during 1990’s and the visual inspection part of the document was used in the ISO 14692, part 4 [12] with requirements and defect criteria. Additional parts on ultrasonic and radiographic examination have been included in the Norwegian standard Norsok M-622 [1]. However, we would like to publish the full version of this document and make it available in the public domain. Some of the methods described is well developed, while others still would require research efforts to make the techniques practical useful. For practical use, the visual examination with failure description, acceptance criteria and corrective actions are most developed. Further, radiography has been useful in several projects in assessing the quality of adhesive joints. The ultrasonic testing is expected to become better to use as the equipments and methods are developing. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that this publication is based on the author’s best knowledge. However, no responsibility of any kind for any injury, delay, loss or damage can be accepted for parties using information given herein.

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Iaquinto, Joseph M., and Jennifer S. Wayne. "Correlation Between 3D Computational Prediction of Mechanical Function and Simulated Physical Weightbearing in the Cadaveric Lower Leg." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193128.

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The foot is an intricate three dimensional complex that requires insight into both superficial and deep structures to understand mechanical function. Palpation and clinical tests assist with superficial treatment while radiography is invaluable for interior features. Computational modeling has obtained the capacity to predict mechanical function of diarthrodial joints, with a recent model developed of the lower leg [1]. The aim of this work was to extend the predictive capabilities of the lower leg model to simulate stance weightbearing. Comparisons were made to measurements taken from weightbearing loads applied to the cadaveric limb.

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Heindel, Theodore J., Terrence C. Jensen, and Joseph N. Gray. "Visualizing Fluid Flows With X-Rays." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37023.

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There are several methods available to visualize fluid flows when one has optical access. However, when optical access is limited to near the boundaries or not available at all, alternative visualization methods are required. This paper will describe flow visualization using an X-ray system that is capable of digital X-ray radiography, digital X-ray stereography, and digital X-ray computed tomography (CT). The unique X-ray flow visualization facility will be briefly described, and then flow visualization of various systems will be shown. Radiographs provide a two-dimensional density map of a three dimensional process or object. Radiographic images of various multiphase flows will be presented. When two X-ray sources and detectors simultaneously acquire images of the same process or object from different orientations, stereographic imaging can be completed; this type of imaging will be demonstrated by trickling water through packed columns and by absorbing water in a porous medium. Finally, local time-averaged phase distributions can be determined from X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging, and this will be shown by comparing CT images from two different gas-liquid sparged columns.

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Maksymowych, W. P., P. Claudepierre, M. de Hooge, R. G. Lambert, R. Landewé, A. Molto, D. van der Heijde, et al. "FRI0216 Detection of structural lesions on t1 weighted mri versus radiography of the si joints in early axial spondyloarthritis: 2-year data." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.2124.

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Felisberto, Marcelo K., Guilherme A. Schneider, Tania M. Centeno, and Lucia V. R. de Arruda. "Automatic Weld Bead Recognition and Defect Detection in Pipeline Radiographs." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10429.

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The current work contributes to the research in the area of pipelines non-destructive testing by presenting new methodologies for the automatic analysis of welds radiographs. Object recognition techniques based on genetic algorithms were used for the automatic weld bead detection. In addiction, we developed an image digital filter for the detection of defects in the weld bead zone. These methodologies were tested for 120 digital radiographs from carbon steel pipeline welded joints. These images were acquired by a storage phosphor system using double-wall radiographic exposing technique with single-wall radiographic viewing, according to the ASME V code. As a result, even defects that are hard to be detected by human vision are automatically highlighted and extracted from the whole image to be classified in the further stages of the weld inspection process.

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Addamani, Rudreshi, and Holalu Venkatadasu Ravindra. "Weld Bead Performance Assessment of P-GMAW Using Acoustic Emission (AE) Signals Through NDT Methods for MS ASTM A 106 B Grade Material." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11208.

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Abstract Pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding (P-GMAW) process is used in many industries to gain high quality, productivity and cost effective products in fabrication of welded joints. The input process parameters will affect the quality, productivity and cost of the welding and are considered to be the most important factors. P-GMAW is an excellent alternative to constant voltage GMAW process for those industries which are looking to boost efficiencies since the process helps to improve quality of welds over varying operator’s skills. The process enables low mean current and low net heat input with stable spray transfer. To produce a very precise control of the arc, P-GMAW applies waveform control logic through a broad wire feed and speed range. In order to understand and control the P-GMAW welding process, it is necessary to determine the input and output relationship parameters. The process is modified spray transfer in which the power source switches between low background current or voltage and a high peak current or voltage between 30 to 400 times per second. Over this period, the peak current pinches off droplets of wire and drive it to the welded joints. By the mean time, background current maintains the arc but produces low heat input that metal transfer cannot occur allowing weld pool to solidify. The process enables low mean current and low net heat input with stable spray transfer. The objective of the present study is to assess the weld bead performance and joint strength by carrying out the destructive testing using AE signals. Experiments have been conducted on MS ASTM A 106 material using 1.2 mm copper coated filler wire based on the Taguchi’s L27 standard orthogonal array. Input parameters considered to carry out the experiments are current, gas flow rate and wire feed rate with a constant speed. The direct response parameters are Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS, N/mm2), Yield strength (YS, N/mm2) and % of elongation. Indirect response parameters signals are Viz., Acoustic Emission (AE) signals such as welding AERMS, welding AEENERGY, tensile AERMS and tensile AEENERGY are considered to assess the performance of the weld bead joint. From the obtained results, it is clearly observed that a good relationship exists between welding AERMS welding AEENERGY with tensile AERMS and tensile AEENERGY to evaluate the performance of the weld bead joint. The results are validated through carrying out different NDT testing methods on weld bead joint Viz., macro test examination, X–radiography, scanning electron microscope images to analyse external and internal defects in the welded joints. EDX investigation is performed for elemental composition on welded joint in different zones.

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Reports on the topic "Joints, radiography"

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Tucker. L51728 Feasibility of a Pipeline Field Weld Real-Time Radiography (Radioscopy) Inspection System. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010117.

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Inspection of pipeline field girth welds during pipeline construction is accomplished by film radiographic: methods. Film radiography of materials is a 70 year old technology. There have been many advances in that 70 year history in equipment and films, but the process of making the radiograph is essentially the same. The film radiography process is time-consuming, costly, environmentally impacting and very operator (inspector) dependent. There are recent and almost daily advances in technologies using x-ray imaging other than film. Double-jointed pipe welds at pipe mills and at double-joint operations have been inspected with stationary real-time radioscopic systems for many years. This electronic imaging technology, known as "�radioscopy"�, has the potential to significantly improve pipeline project schedules and cost by eliminating some of the shortcomings of film radiography. Radioscopy is currently accepted for use by many nationally accepted standards including API-SL, Specification for Line Pipe, and API-1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities. Most of the real-time systems in use today are fixed installations in pipe mills, foundries or fabrication shops. The ability to produce the required image sensitivity with real-time has been established by these fixed installations. These systems have proven to be very cost effective. In the course of conducting this study, QCC attended several conferences, including the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) Conference in Boston, contacted several hundred potential vendors of radioscopic and radiographic equipment, witnessed demonstrations on existing radioscopic imaging systems and conducted several breadboard system demonstrations. The enclosed exhibit section contains a list of vendors that have products applicable to a radioscopic system.

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Sauppe, Joshua Paul, Eric Nicholas Loomis, Elizabeth Catherine Merritt, Tana Cardenas, Brian Michael Haines, and Paul Andrew Bradley. Preliminary Design Studies for a Hydro-Growth Radiography Platform to Study the Double Shell Ablator Joint. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1511644.

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Lee, Wall, and Burch. L52333 NDE and Inspection Techniques Applied to Composite Wrap Repairs. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010468.

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The objective includes: Assess commercially available inspection methods to validate integrity of composite repair systems. Identify applicability to inspect composite overwrap and parent metal for both onshore and sub-sea pipelines (where information is available). Identify sources of data to include other users of composite materials(aerospace/aircraft, naval/ship repairs). Identify procedures and technologies to assess inspection effectiveness and provide a gap analysis. Interface with other PRCI projects on long-term testing of composite repairs and other joint industry projects on composite repairs to improve our understanding of long term durability of repairs. Identify global experience with composite repairs; not just North America. For general wall loss, radiography or electromagnetic techniques appear to be the best candidates. Standard radiography techniques can detect changes in wall thickness over a large area. Saturated low frequency systems, e.g. SLOFEC are good for a quick rapid scan of the area of interest. Pulsed eddy current, e.g. PEC, is also available for a general survey of the underlying substrate. For pinhole leaks, the electromagnetic techniques do not have sufficient resolution to detect defects of order 20 mm (0.8 in.) diameter and less. Standard radiography techniques can detect pinhole leaks down to diameters of 3 mm (0.12 in.) or less. Tangential radiography techniques are generally good for defect sizing but there are practical limitations with chord length (i.e. beam path through the pipe wall). Ultrasonic techniques could offer a potential solution but is currently limited due to the high attenuation of the composite repair material where through the repair inspection could only detect large diameter defects greater than 25 mm (1 in.) diameter on thin repairs less than 5 mm (0.2 in.). Detecting pin hole defects by applying the ultrasound along the axial direction of the substrate, effectively skipping the ultrasound under the repair, showed more promise. For delamination or debonding of the interface between the composite laminate and the steel substrate, laser shearography and microwave inspection appear to offer the best solution. Currently there is no single inspection technique that can be applied with confidence to the inspection of interfacial delaminations. Further developments are on-going to provide a solution to this challenging inspection problem. Acoustic emission is able to give an overall picture of the damage within the composite under live loads. It can be used as a QA tool to test the integrity of the repair. However, it is difficult to interpret the signals to gain any quantitative information about a particular defect.

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Martz, H., D. Chinn, and C. Pincus. Technical Advice and Support for the Joint Integrated Non-Intrusive Inspection (JINII) Program Task 2.2 Transmission Digital Radiography (DR). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1022925.

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Swankie, Martin, and Andrews. L51641 Evaluate NDT Methods for Welds in Service. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010626.

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The inspection of welds made onto in-service pipelines, which are made primarily for attaching branch connections and repair sleeves, has been the subject of much concern in recent years. The difficulties associated with the inspection of these welds have long been recognized and, historically, the amount of inspection given to such welds has been small. The inspection of welds joining various appurtenances to pipelines is hampered for a number of reasons. The joint geometries can vary considerably, but none of them are particularly suited to detailed inspection. Surface techniques, such as magnetic particle and liquid-penetrant testing, rely on the flaws being at or near the surface, and this is not necessarily the case with the welds of concern. Radiography is difficult since it is not possible to place a radiation source within the pipeline. Ultrasonic inspection is, therefore, the only option if a full volumetric inspection is required. This is made difficult by the inherent complex geometries, and limited access to many of the welds. Welding on pipelines containing flowing, pressurized products results in very rapid cooling of the weld metal and heat-affected-zone regions, significantly increasing the risk of cracking. The use of high hydrogen consumables (specifically EXX10 SMAW electrodes) adds considerably to the risk The probability of discontinuities forming during welding on in-service pipelines is therefore considerably greater than for pipelines that do not contain flowing products. The goal of the present work was to evaluate existing techniques, and to develop and verify improved methodsfor inspection of such welds. In the first phase of this program, welded assemblies that contain realistic examples of discontinuities that occur in practice were produced In the second phase, the reliability of existing nondestructive testing methods were evaluated along with the reliability of novel nondestructive testing systems. The overall objectives of these first two phases were to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of nondestructive testing methods currently applied to welds made onto in-service pipelines, and to assess the improvement possible with methods that are more advanced, but so far have had limited application to these welds. The objective for the Phase III continuation of this project is to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of nondestructive testing methods using procedures that are optimized based on the knowledge acquired in the first two phases.

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L51634 Significance of Changes in Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties due to SMAW Repair. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010104.

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There is a periodic requirement for immediate weld repairs during all pipe-laying operations. This need arises due to the occasional occurrence of girth weld flaws, which exceed specified defect tolerance levels. These defects are most commonly discovered by on-site radiographic inspection techniques and may be voids, inclusions and geometric irregularities. Repair welding may be required only over a limited portion of the pipe circumference and access for carrying out the repair may be restricted. Due to the range of types of repairs carried out and the limited time scales available, it is common for the weld repair procedures to be less well documented than the girth weld procedures. In particular, the welding procedure may not have been qualified with the same thoroughness and attention to detail as was the girth welding procedure.Weldments typically contain high residual stresses. The primary source of these residual stresses is the differential contraction, which occurs as a weldment cools. This contraction is restrained by the surrounding cooler material resulting in the weld metal being placed in tension with balancing areas of compression in the surrounding material. The input of additional thermal energy due to a repair in a highly restrained region may create a new residual stress pattern around the repair. Mechanical properties, especially toughness, may be adversely affected in the region near the repair. This program assessed the effects of SMAW repair welding on changes in surface residual stress distribution; fracture toughness and hardness around girth weld joints in line pipe. The following types of repair welds were studied: a part wall repair, a multiple part wall repair and full wall repair. The results were compared with a non-repaired weld sample. It was found that for the weld samples studied in this program, the full wall repair produced the most severe residual stress distribution followed by the multiple and single part wall repairs. The single repair only slightly increased the residual stress distribution when compared to the as-welded condition. Dramatic reductions in toughness were found in the multiple and full wall repairs due to coarse-grained regions produced during the repair operations. The single part wall repair exhibited an increase in toughness as a result of the addition of a cosmetic capping pass that resulted in greater grain refinement. This suggests that repair procedures utilizing a stringer or temper bead technique may reduce the effect of weld repairs on toughness.

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