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Journal articles on the topic 'Joints, radiography'
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Dalbeth, Nicola, Opetaia Aati, Ramanamma Kalluru, Gregory D. Gamble, Anne Horne, Anthony J. Doyle, and Fiona M. McQueen. "Relationship between structural joint damage and urate deposition in gout: a plain radiography and dual-energy CT study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 74, no. 6 (February 12, 2014): 1030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204273.
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ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to examine the relationship between joint damage and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in gout.MethodsPlain radiographs and dual-energy CT (DECT) scans of the feet were prospectively obtained from 92 people with tophaceous gout. Subcutaneous tophus count was recorded. The ten metatarsophalangeal joints were scored on plain radiography for Sharp–van der Heijde erosion and joint space narrowing (JSN) scores, and presence of spur, osteophyte, periosteal new bone and sclerosis (920 total joints). DECT scans were analysed for the presence of MSU crystal deposition at the same joints.ResultsDECT MSU crystal deposition was more frequently observed in joints with erosion (OR (95% CI) 8.5 (5.5 to 13.1)), JSN (4.2 (2.7 to 6.7%)), spur (7.9 (4.9 to 12.8)), osteophyte (3.9 (2.5 to 6.0)), periosteal new bone (7.0 (4.0 to 12.2)) and sclerosis (6.9 (4.6 to 10.2)), p<0.0001 for all. A strong linear relationship was observed in the frequency of joints affected by MSU crystals with radiographic erosion score (p<0.0001). The number of joints at each site with MSU crystal deposition correlated with all features of radiographic joint damage (r>0.88, p<0.05 for all). In linear regression models, the relationship between MSU crystal deposition and all radiographic changes except JSN and osteophytes persisted after adjusting for subcutaneous tophus count, serum urate concentration and disease duration.ConclusionsMSU crystals are frequently present in joints affected by radiographic damage in gout. These findings support the concept that MSU crystals interact with articular tissues to influence the development of structural joint damage in this disease.
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Tarigan, Liberti, and Parsaoran Pasaribu. "Elbow Joint Radiography with Suspection of Olecranon Process Fracture in the Hospital Columbia Asia Medan." International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE) 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55299/ijphe.v3i1.680.
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Elbow Joint Radiography with a suspected Olecranon Process Fracture , in order to get an optimal image requires the right equipment to support the smooth running of health services such as using a General X-ray Unit X-ray. The aim of elbow joint radiography research is to show the anatomy and obtain a radiographic picture of the elbow joint with abnormalities that occur in the elbow joint. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. Qualitative research techniques are research that is descriptive in nature and tends to use analysis and the subject's perspective is emphasized more. The results obtained from a radiographic examination of the elbow joint with suspected olecranon process fracture using a machine with a capacity of 500mA. In radiographs of elbow joints with suspected olecranon process fractures, it is necessary to adjust the size of the radiation field as needed so that the radiation dose received by the patient is smaller.
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Diekhoff, Torsten, Kay-Geert A. Hermann, Juliane Greese, Carsten Schwenke, Denis Poddubnyy, Bernd Hamm, and Joachim Sieper. "Comparison of MRI with radiography for detecting structural lesions of the sacroiliac joint using CT as standard of reference: results from the SIMACT study." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 76, no. 9 (March 10, 2017): 1502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210640.
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ObjectiveRadiographs of sacroiliac (SI) joints are used for the detection of structural damage in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), but are often difficult to interpret. Here, we address the question how the T1-weighted MRI (T1w MRI) sequence compares with radiography for SI joints’ structural lesions using low-dose CT as the standard of reference.MethodsRadiographs, T1w MRI and low-dose CT of the SI joints from 110 patients (mean age 36.1 (19–57) years, 52% males and 48% females; 53% with axSpA, 21 non-radiographic axSpA and 32% radiographic axSpA, 47% with non-SpA) referred to the rheumatologist because of unclear chronic back pain, but possible axSpA, were scored for structural lesions (erosions, sclerosis, joint space changes and an overall impression of positivity).ResultsUsing low-dose CT as the standard of reference, T1w MRI showed markedly better sensitivity with significantly more correct imaging findings compared with radiography for erosions (79% vs 42%; p=0.002), joint space changes (75% vs 41%; p=0.002) and overall positivity (85% vs 48%; p=0.001), respectively, while there were no differences between X-rays and MRI-T1 sequence regarding specificity (>80% for all scores). Only for sclerosis, MRI-T1 was inferior to radiography (sensitivity 30% vs 70%, respectively), however, not statistically significant (p=0.663).ConclusionsT1w MRI was superior to radiography in the detection of structural lesion of the SI joints in patients with axSpA. Future studies should focus on finding an agreement on the definition of MRI-T1 positivity.
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M, Yatsulіak, Nemesh M, Martsyniak S, Kabatsiy M, and Filipchuk v. "Original positioning method to determine the clinical and radiographic parameters of the hip joint in patients with cerebral palsy." MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology 13, no. 4 (August 16, 2021): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojor.2021.13.00555.
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Relevance: Obtaining true radiographic parameters of the hip joint helps to choose therapeutic tactics for children with cerebral palsy. Goal of the study: Improvement of the diagnostic results in pathology of the hip joint among patients with cerebral palsy by using our original method. Materials and methods: The number of examined patients – 30 persons (60 joints), 15 boys and 15 girls, 26 joints were operated. The age of patients ranged between 3-15 years. All patients underwent a clinical evaluation – Ruwe's femoral torsion, as well as radiography of the hip joints using our original method (utility model patent №137567). The offered method is cheap, simple and accessible to all medical institutions with an X-ray room, for the diagnosis and screening of pathology of the hip joint. The our original method can be used to determine all the main parameters of the hip joint (femoral torsion, neck-shaft angle, Viberg angle, Reimers’ index, acetabular angle, Sharp’s angle) in patients with cerebral palsy. Making only single radiograph, one obtains true radiographic parameters of both hip joints, which significantly reduces the radiation load upon the patient. Our method can be used in the examination and screening of patients with developmental disorders and other diseases of the hip joint.
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Bagaev, K. A., D. I. Galkin, A. V. Puzanov, and A. O. Ustinov. "THE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY APPLICATION EXPERIENCE AT WORLDSKILLS KAZAN 2019 CHAMPIONSHIP." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 258 (December 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.12.pp.036-043.
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The 45 World championship WORLDSKILLS KAZAN 2019 took place this summer in Kazan. The competition of welders was a part of the championship. The quality of welded joints produced by participants was inspected using digital and computed radiography. These technologies deeply reduced time of radiographic inspection. The quality of radiographs corresponded to improved techniques – class B according to ISO 17636-2 standard. Test arrangements used, resulted images and the role of digital radiography software were described inside the article. Several ways to improve productivity of testing were proposed. It was concluded that digital radiography is applicable for wide range of tasks; the preferred method is dependent on task and testing object.
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van Bree, Henri. "Vacuum phenomenon associated with osteochondrosis of the scapulohumeral joint in dogs: 100 cases (1985-1991)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 201, no. 12 (December 15, 1992): 1916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1992.201.12.1916.
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Summary The vacuum phenomenon was visualized in 20 of 100 scapulohumeral joints with osteochondritic lesions in 65 dogs. The phenomenon was associated with the finding of a cartilage flap, lack of joint effusion, and clinical signs of pain and lameness. The vacuum phenomenon was not observed on radiography of 30 clinically normal contralateral joints, and it could not be induced in 36 clinically normal scapulohumeral joints radiographed under stressed extension.
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Jonsson, K., K. Buckwalter, M. Helvie, L. Niklason, and W. Martel. "Precision of Hyaline Cartilage Thickness Measurements." Acta Radiologica 33, no. 3 (May 1992): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519203300308.
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Measurement of cartilage thickness in vivo is an important indicator of the status of a joint as the various degenerative and inflammatory arthritides directly affect the condition of the cartilage. In order to assess the precision of thickness measurements of hyaline articular cartilage, we undertook a pilot study using MR imaging, plain radiography, and ultrasonography (US). We measured the cartilage of the hip and knee joints in 10 persons (4 healthy volunteers and 6 patients). The joints in each patient were examined on two separate occasions using each modality. In the hips as well as the knee joints, the most precise measuring method was plain film radiography. For radiographs of the knees obtained in the standing position, the coefficient of variation was 6.5%; in the hips this figure was 6.34%. US of the knees and MR imaging of the hips were the second best modalities in the measurement of cartilage thickness. In addition, MR imaging enabled the most complete visualization of the joint cartilage.
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Puerto, David A., Gail K. Smith, Thomas P. Gregor, Elizabeth LaFond, Michael G. Conzemius, Lori W. Cabell, and Pamela J. McKelvie. "Relationships between results of the Ortolani method of hip joint palpation and distraction index, Norberg angle, and hip score in dogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 214, no. 4 (February 15, 1999): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1999.214.04.497.
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Objective To determine whether results of the Ortolani method of hip joint palpation in dogs were related to distraction index (DI), Norberg angle, or radiographic hip score. Design Cross-sectional study. Animals 459 clinically normal dogs. Procedure Dogs were sedated for radiography and palpation of the hip joints. Results of hip joint palpation were classified as negative, mild positive, moderate positive, or severe positive. Distraction indices were measured for all dogs. Norberg angles were measured for 380 dogs for which ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic projections were available. Hip scores assigned by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) were available for 95 dogs. Results Age, weight, and sex were not significantly associated with results of hip joint palpation. There was moderate correlation between results of hip joint palpation and DI (r = 0.636), low-moderate correlation between results of hip joint palpation and OFA hip scores (rs = 0.437), and weak negative correlation (r = -0.236) between results of hip joint palpation and Norberg angle. For joints without degenerative joint disease (DJD), there was a significant linear relationship between results of hip palpation and DI; however, for joints with DJD, there was not. Results of hip joint palpation were 5.3-fold as likely to be negative for dogs with DJD as for dogs without. Clinical Implications Results of hip joint palpation were at best moderately correlated with radiographic measures of hip joint laxity. Therefore, hip joint palpation should be combined with hip-extended and stress radiography when assessing hip joint quality. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:497–501).
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Pradsgaard, Dan Østergaard, Arne Hørlyck, Anne Helene Spannow, Carsten Heuck, and Troels Herlin. "A Comparison of Radiographic Joint Space Width Measurements Versus Ultrasonographic Assessment of Cartilage Thickness in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.170571.
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Objective.Joint space narrowing (JSN) is a measurable outcome of tissue degeneration in arthritis. JSN is usually assessed by conventional radiography. Ultrasonographic (US) measurement of joint cartilage thickness has been validated in healthy children, and US measurement of the distal femoral cartilage has been validated in a group of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Our aim was to compare the measures of cartilage thickness of the proximal cartilage site in the second metacarpophalangeal (MCP), second proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and knee joints as assessed by US to joint space width (JSW) as measured by computerized radiography in children with JIA.Methods.The study included 74 children with JIA aged 5–15 years (median 11.3 yrs). MCP and PIP joints were assessed at one midline spot. Knee joints were assessed at the medial and lateral femoral condylar areas. Only the proximal cartilage site in the joints was assessed by US, whereas the complete JSW was assessed by radiography.Results.We assessed 136 second MCP, 138 second PIP, and 146 knee joints. We found a high level of agreement between US and radiographic measures of cartilage thickness and JSW: r = 0.82–0.86 (second MCP), r = 0.50–0.55 (second PIP), and r = 0.52–0.81 (knee); p < 0.001 for all 8 assessed sites.Conclusion.US measurements of cartilage thickness of the proximal site of the second MCP, second PIP, and knee joints correlated well with radiographic JSW measurements in the finger and knee joints of children with JIA. However, US does not measure the distal cartilage, which may limit its use in the assessment of JSN.
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Jaremko, Jacob L., Lei Liu, Naomi J. Winn, Janet E. Ellsworth, and Robert G. W. Lambert. "Diagnostic Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Radiography in Juvenile Spondyloarthritis: Evaluation of the Sacroiliac Joints in Controls and Affected Subjects." Journal of Rheumatology 41, no. 5 (March 15, 2014): 963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.131064.
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Objective.To compare the utility of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis in pediatric patients presenting with low back and/or sacroiliac (SI) pain of potentially inflammatory etiology.Methods.Radiographs and MRI studies of the SI joints in 26 patients with juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA) and 35 controls were assessed independently by 2 radiologists, with discrepancies arbitrated by a third. Radiographs and MRI were blinded and read in separate batches in random order.Results.Erosion was common and was the most useful diagnostic feature on radiography [positive likelihood ratio (LR) = 3.5] and was especially diagnostic of SpA on MRI (LR = 6.7). Subchondral sclerosis was common but was the least specific feature for both modalities. Joint space narrowing had some utility on radiography (LR = 2.0) and MRI (LR = 2.7) but was uncommon and had poor reader reliability. Bone marrow edema (LR = 3.1) and subarticular fat infiltration (LR = 4.5), detectable only on MRI, were both useful features. Global diagnostic impression of MRI (LR = 9.4) had very high utility for the diagnosis of JSpA, exceeding radiography (LR = 4.4) because of superior specificity. In addition, global diagnosis of SpA is much more reliably made on MRI (κ = 0.80) compared to radiography (κ = 0.30).Conclusion.Specificity and reliability of MRI of the SI joints are superior to radiography for the diagnosis of juvenile-onset SpA and, where available, MRI should replace radiography as the first line of investigation.
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Zayadi, Ahmad, Sungkono, and Cahyono HP. "Analisis Radiografi Sinar-X Terhadap Sambungan Pelat Baja Tahan Karat Aisi 304 Hasil Pengelasan Tungsten Inert Gas Dengan Arus 40–60 Ampere." Jurnal Teknologi Kedirgantaraan 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35894/jtk.v6i2.29.
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X-Ray Radiographic Analysis of Aisi 304 Stainless Steel Plate Joints From Inert Gas Tungsten Welding Results with 40 – 60 Ampere Current. Metal welding process is one of the main processes in machine construction. The quality of welded joints determines the strength and toughness of a machine construction. The quality of welded joints of installed construction can be determined by the non-destructive test method using X-ray radiography equipment. This study aims to obtain a butt joint obtained from TIG welding of AISI 304 stainless steel plate with a current of 40 - 60 A, identification of defects in the 1G butt joint, and analysis of the quality of the weld joint. The research method used is testing of welded joints using X-ray radiography which refers to the ASME V article II standard and the connection quality refers to ASME section IX. The results showed that TIG welding with a current of 60 Ampere produced a butt joint butt joint that was penetrated and there was no gap between the plates, whereas with a current of 40 A and 50 A the weld joint was not see-through but there was still a gap between the plates. Incomplete penetration weld defects were found in the welded SS 304 plate joints with a current of 40 A. Welded porosity defects were found in the welded SS 304 plate joints with a current of 50 A. Weld defects were not found in the SS 304 plate joints with a current of 60 A. Butt joint connections TIG welded SS 304 plate with the best current of 60 A compared to the current of 40 A and 50 A.
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van Ryssen, B., H. van Bree, and I. Gielen. "Computerized tomography compared with radiography in the diagnosis of lateral trochlear ridge talar osteochondritis dissecans in dogs." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 18, no. 02 (April 2005): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632935.
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SummaryIn this retrospective study, we compared the value of radiographic and computerized tomographic (CT) imaging for the diagnosis of lateral trochlear ridge talar osteochondritis dissecans (LTRT-OCD) in 11 tarsocrural joints. The flexed dorsoplantar skyline and the plantarolateral-dorsomedial projections were the most reliable for radiographic detection of OCD fragments (in 7 of the 11 joints). Overall, radiography detected OCD fragments in 8 of 11 joints. By contrast, the OCD fragments could be visualized and exactly localized by CT in all 11 joints. Computerized tomography allowed the talar ridges to be inspected without superimposition of any bony structures. This information may be very useful when minimal invasive techniques are used to treat LTRT-OCD lesions. The findings of this study suggest that CT is superior to radiography for making a diagnosis of LTRT-OCD in the dog.
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Haugen, Ida K., Pernille Bøyesen, Barbara Slatkowsky-Christensen, Sølve Sesseng, Jessica Bijsterbosch, Désirée van der Heijde, and Tore K. Kvien. "Comparison of features by MRI and radiographs of the interphalangeal finger joints in patients with hand osteoarthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, no. 3 (October 11, 2011): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200028.
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ObjectivesTo examine the construct validity of MRI in the detection of structural hand osteoarthritis features with conventional radiography (CR) as reference and explore the association between radiographic severity and MRI-defined pathology.Methods106 hand osteoarthritis patients (97 women, mean age 68.9 years (SD 5.6)) had 1.0T contrast-enhanced MRI and CR of the dominant hand. The 2nd–5th interphalangeal joints were scored according to the preliminary Oslo hand osteoarthritis MRI score and Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) scale and Osteoarthritis Research Society International atlas for radiographs. The authors compared the number of joints with structural features by MRI and CR (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) and examined concordance at the individual joint level. The OR of MRI features in joints with doubtful (KL grade 1), mild (2) and moderate/severe (≥3) radiographic osteoarthritis was estimated by generalised estimating equations (KL grade 0 as reference).ResultsMRI detected approximately twice as many joints with erosions and osteophytes compared with CR (p<0.001), but identification of joint space narrowing, cysts and malalignment was similar. The sensitivity of MRI was very high for osteophytes (1.00) and erosions (0.95), while specificity was lower (0.22 and 0.63). The prevalence of most MRI features increased with radiographic severity, but synovitis was more frequent in joints with mild osteoarthritis (OR2.1, 95% CI 1.4 to 3.2) than in moderate/severe osteoarthritis (OR1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2).ConclusionMRI detected more osteophytes and erosions than CR, suggesting that erosive osteoarthritis may be more common than indicated by CR. Synovitis was most common in mild osteoarthritis. Whether this is due to burn-out of inflammation in late disease must be investigated further.
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Deshpande, Milind, Tanvir Doomra, and Sambaprassad Nadkarni. "Multiple Carpometacarpal Dislocations of the Hand – An Uncommon Variant: A Rare Case." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 22, no. 03 (August 4, 2017): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810417720261.
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Carpometacarpal fracture dislocations of the hand are a relatively uncommon injury. The injury is difficult to diagnose because of the gross swelling of the hand. The diagnosis of this unusual form of injury requires a high index of suspicion, vigilant examination and high-quality radiography. This article reports a case of young male grieved with dislocation of all carpometacarpal (CMC) joints due to motor vehicle collision. Standard radiographs and CT scan revealed dorsal dislocations of second to fourth CMC joints, volar fracture dislocation of fifth carpometacarpal joint, fracture dislocation of CMC joint of thumb and dorsal dislocation of the trapezoid. Patient was treated with closed manipulation and percutaneous pinning with multiple K - wires. Follow up radiographs showed adequate reduction and fracture union. Intensive postoperative physiotherapy is vital for achieving a good outcome.
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Kudinskii, D. M., A. V. Smirnov, L. I. Alekseeva, E. A. Taskina, A. M. Lila, A. S. Potapova, and A. V. Volkov. "Comparison of standard radiography and magnetic resonance imaging in hand osteoarthritis." Rheumatology Science and Practice 59, no. 4 (September 6, 2021): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47360/1995-4484-2021-418-425.
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Standard radiography in direct projection is the “gold standard” in the diagnosis of hand osteoarthritis (HOA). However, the currently clinically most severe “erosive” or “inflammatory” phenotype of HOA is characterized by the presence of inflammatory symptoms such as bone marrow lession (BML), synovitis and tenosinovitis, which are not visible on the radiograph by the nature of the study due to the low optical density. In addition, X-ray examination is planar and has no possibility of multiplanar visualization. This dictated the need to search for a more informative visualization technique in HOA.Aim – to compare the sensitivity and specificity of standard radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in determining the symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) of the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the right hand; to determine the indications for the appointment of MRI in patients with HOA.Materials and methods. The study included 64 women with clinically verified diagnosis of HOA according to ask criteria. For the first time, X-rays of the joints of the right hand in the anterior-posterior projection and MRI were performed for each of them. Each patient completed the AUSCAN questionnaire. X-rays were described according to the Kellgren and Lawrence systems, magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed according to the modified OHOA system. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods were compared based on the detection of 4 symptoms detected by radiography and MRI: joint space narrowing (JSN), osteophytes (OP), erosions and subluxations. The average age of the patients was 65.28±6.82 years, the age of onset was 48.81±7.73 years, the duration of the disease was 15.0 (10.0–19.5) years.Results. Both methods showed approximately equal identification JSN symptom in DIP and PIP, 95% definition JSN in MCP. OP were detected in 88% of patients in DIP according to radiography and in 95% – using MRI (p>0.05). In PIP OP were observed in 70% of patients on radiographs and in 86% on magnetic resonance imaging, in MCP – in 45% and 66% of cases, respectively. Erosion in DIP were found in 41% of patients according to MRI and 34% as a result of X-ray examination, in PIP – in 27% and 13% of cases, in MCP – in 60% and 8% of cases, respectively. Subluxations were determined in DIP 23% on radiographs in 31% of cases by MRI, in PIP – in 8% and 6% (p>0.05), in MCP subluxations almost never met – in 3% of cases by conventional radiography.Conclusions. MRI in HOA can be used in the detection of erosive process, differential diagnosis with other diseases of the joints, determination of inflammatory changes in the hands and assessment of their severity, but has no significant advantages over standard radiography in determining the symptoms of degenerative-dystrophic nature (JSN and OP). Subluxations of the MCP joints are not typical for the HOA.
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Żelnio, Ewa, Mihra Taljanovic, Małgorzata Mańczak, and Iwona Sudoł-Szopińska. "Hand and Wrist Involvement in Seropositive Rheumatoid Arthritis, Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Psoriatic Arthritis—The Value of Classic Radiography." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 7 (March 30, 2023): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12072622.
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The hand and wrist are among the most common anatomical areas involved in rheumatic diseases, especially seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The purpose of this study was to identify the most differentiating radiographic characteristics of PsA, seropositive RA, and seronegative RA, particularly in the early stages. A retrospective analysis of radiographic hand findings was performed on 180 seropositive RA patients (29 males, 151 females, mean age at the point of acquisition of the analyzed radiograph of 53.4 y/o, SD 12.6), 154 PsA patients (45 males, 109 females, age median of 48.1 y/o, SD 12.4), and 36 seronegative RA patients (4 males, 32 females, age median of 53.1 y/o, SD 17.1) acquired during the period 2005–2020. Posterior–anterior and Nørgaard views were analyzed in all patients. The radiographs were evaluated for three radiographic findings: type of symmetry (asymmetric/bilateral/changes in corresponding joint compartments/‘mirror-image’ symmetry), anatomic location (e.g., wrist, metacarpophalangeal (MCP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints), and type of lesions (e.g., juxta-articular osteoporosis, bone cysts, erosions, proliferative bone changes). The study showed that symmetric distribution of lesions defined as ‘lesions present in corresponding compartments’ was more suggestive of seropositive or seronegative RA than PsA. Lesions affecting the PIP joints, wrist, or styloid process of the radius; juxta-articular osteoporosis, joint space narrowing, joint subluxations, or dislocations were more common in patients with seropositive RA than in those with PsA, whereas DIP joints’ involvement and proliferative bone changes were more likely to suggest PsA than seropositive RA. Lesions in PIP, MCP, and wrist joints, as well as erosions, advanced bone damage, joint subluxations, dislocations, and joint space narrowing, were more common in seropositive RA patients than in seronegative RA patients. The ulnar styloid was more commonly affected in seronegative RA patients than in PsA patients. The study confirmed that types of bone lesions and their distribution in the hands and wrists can be useful in differentiating seropositive RA from PsA and suggests that seronegative RA varies in radiological presentation from seropositive RA and PsA.
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Yu, Ting, Sanwei Liu, Xiaoli Duan, Cheng Zhong, Jianjia Duan, Zeyu Zeng, and Daoyuan Zhang. "Research on Defects of High Voltage Cable Fusion Joint Using XLPE Insulation Material." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2378, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2378/1/012017.
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Abstract High-voltage cable fusion joints are made on site. Affected by environmental conditions, fusion joints are prone to small defects that are not easy to find, resulting in frequent accidents after the joints are put into operation. There is currently no effective method to detect small defects inside the joint. Therefore, this paper proposes to use digital radiography nondestructive test technology to detect the main insulation and conductor recovery process of high-voltage cable fusion joints. The results show that the digital radiography nondestructive test method can effectively find defects such as microporous bubbles, conductor bending, and eccentricity in the main insulation of XLPE fusion joints. The on-site anatomy demonstrates the accuracy of the test results, and the digital radiography nondestructive test can effectively detect the defects of high-voltage cable fusion joints. Experiments have verified that the decrease of cross-linked pipe temperature and nitrogen pressure can lead to the generation of microporous bubbles in the XLPE main insulation. For conductor bending and eccentricity defects, the limit value of the welding conductor bending gap is 11mm through simulation calculation.
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Suuronen, R. "Temporomandibular joints in panoramic radiography." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 33, no. 1 (February 1995): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(95)90092-6.
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Arıcan, M., H. Erol, S. Altan, and Ö. Köylü. "The use of infrared thermography in the early diagnosis of septic arthritis in calves." BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 25, no. 2 (2022): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0035.
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The aim of this study was to compare the usefulness of thermographic examination of calves with septic arthritis with other diagnostic techniques such as synovial fluid analysis, radiography, ultrasonography and arthroscopy. Thirteen affected joints from eleven calves were used for the trial. The noninfected joints of the trial calves were used as negative controls. Thermography findings showed that heat from 100% of the affected joints was significantly increased. Subchondral osteolysis and new periosteal bone proliferation of articular bones and widening of the intra-articular joint spaces was observed in 10 joints (76.9%) using radiography. Ultrasound examination of all affected joints showed increased effusion with moderate homogeneous echoic structure. Arthroscopic examination showed synovitis and erosion of cartilage in 61.5% and osteophytic formation in 30.7% of affected joints. All diagnostic methods could be used to diagnose joint disease but it was found that thermographic examination in calves with septic arthritis is an easy convenient method to make an earlier diagnosis, which improves treatment success rates.
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Snaps, F. R., M. H. Balligand, J. H. Saunders, R. D. Park, and R. F. Dondelinger. "Comparison of radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical findings in dogs with elbow dysplasia." American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.12.1367.
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SUMMARY Objective To describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of medial coronoid process and humeral condyle lesions in dysplastic cubital joints and to compare survey radiography and MRI for evaluation of fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) and lesions of the medial aspect of the humeral condyle (MAHC). Animals 18 dogs with elbow dysplasia. Procedure Radiography of 22 cubital joints was performed. The 22 joints then underwent MRI. The scans were evaluated with regard to the shape and signal of the coronoid process; articular cartilage change, subchondral bone disruption of the MAHC. Surgical findings were used as the standard to calculate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive- and negative-predictive values for specific diagnosis of FMCP (free fragment) and lesions of the MAHC. Results At surgery, 31.8% of the joints had FMCP (free), 36.4% had nondisplaced unmineralized coronoid process, and 27.2% had nondisplaced mineralized coronoid process. Eleven joints had lesions of the MAHC, and wear lesions were observed in 41 % of the joints. On radiography, FMCP (free) was visualized in 9% of the joints and lesions of the MAHC were observed in 23%. MRI had the highest accuracy (95.5%), sensitivity (100%), and negative-predictive value (100%) for detection of FMCP (free), and had accuracy (91 %), sensitivity (87.5%), specificity (92.5%), and positive (87.5%)- and negative (92.5%)- predictive values for detection of nondisplaced unmineralized coronoid process. Conclusions and Clinical relevance Compared with radiography, MRI was useful for detection of nondisplaced unmineralized coronoid process; images consistently correlated with surgical findings. The technique is accurate and especially useful when radiographic findings are inconclusive. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:1367–1370)
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Linda Pertiwi, Ni Made, and Ni Luh Jaya Kirana. "Conventional Radiography of Grade III Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case Report." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 10 (November 1, 2023): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231068.
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Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of inflammatory joint disease. It occurs most frequently in the knees, hips, the spine (vertebrae), and ankles. Radiological prevalence of knee OA in Indonesia reaches 15.5% in men and 12.7% in women aged between 40-60 years. X-ray imaging is routinely used in clinical practice to confirm knee OA diagnosis and in clinical research to monitor the progression of knee OA. Case report: A 62-year-old female patient presented with knee pain in both knees that had been ongoing for the past 6 months. The pain was described as throbbing and stabbing, the right knee worse affected than the left. Palpation elicited tenderness, crepitus in both joints and did not reveal any deformities. Radiological AP/Lateral X-ray of the right knee revealed evidence of osteophytes, sclerosis and narrowing joint space, leading to the impression of Grade III osteoarthritis in the right knee. Discussion: Joint pain is the chief complaint that leads patients with knee osteoarthritis to seek medical attention. Pain typically worsens with movement and decreases with rest. In diagnosing OA, an AP/Lateral radiographic examination of the right knee is conducted, revealing the presence of osteophytes, subchondral bone sclerosis and accompanied by slight joint narrowing. This impression aligns with the Grade III OA criteria according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system. Conclusion: Diagnosis of osteoarthritis involves a comprehensive approach combining medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Radiographic examinations including conventional radiography play a significant role in diagnosing OA. In the early stages of the disease, joint radiographs may still appear normal. The severity of knee OA can be evaluated using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading scheme which ranges from grade 0 to grade 4. Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis, Conventional Radiography, The Kellgren-Lawrence Grading
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Biasibetti, Martina, Annette Schumacher, Michelle Fabiani, and Gian Rovesti. "The use of the computed tomography in the diagnostic protocol of the elbow in the dog: 24 joints." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 15, no. 01 (2002): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632711.
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SummaryThe evaluation of the elbow joint is difficult based on clinical and radiographic examinations. The anatomical structures of its articular components are superimposed with standard radiography, often leading to presumptive diagnoses. When the radiographic findings become more suggestive, usually the early phase of the disease has passed and chronic disease has developed. Because computer-generated slices are not hindered by this superimposition, the use of computed tomography may be beneficial in investigating the joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if computed tomography could change or better define the diagnosis previously made on the basis of a radiographic examination in 12 client- owned dogs presented for elbow lameness. As a positive control, 12 out of the 24 imaged joints were surgically or arthroscopically explored. The diagnosis based on computed tomography was different or more precisely defined, compared to the radiographic examination, in 46% of the examined joints. Earlier and more complete definition of elbow joint disease may change the therapeutic options and, potentially, the clinical outcome.
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Yatsuliak, Mykhailo B., Mykhailo M. Nemesh, Stepan M. Martsyniak, Mykhailo V. Melnyk, Miroslaw S. Kabatsii, and Viktor V. Filipchuk. "Clinical and Radiographic Dependences of Functional Status, Indices of the Hip Joint, and Femur Migration in Children with Cerebral Palsy." International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition 11, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2022.11.02.4.
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Relevance: Significant incidence of hip pathology in different groups of children with cerebral palsy and factors that may affect its formation are relevant objects of the study.
The Goal of the Study: To establish the features of the hip joint’s formation, examining the clinical and radiographic dependences of the functional status and indices of the hip joint in patients with cerebral palsy.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a clinical and radiographic examination of the hip joints using our own methods and standard anterior-posterior radiography, and statistical analysis of hip parameters and factors that may have influenced their formation. The total number of patients was 47 persons (86 joints).
Results: Correlation relationships have been established between hip parameters and factors that may affect them: Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), gait function, level of lesion, developmental dysplasia of the hip, and adductor myotomy in medical history.
Conclusions: The Reimers’ index showed greater reliability compared to the Wiberg angle. Positioning the patient's body using our own method can be used to screen the hip joints in cerebral palsy based upon the Reimers index while obtaining the true parameters of the femoral neck-shaft angle and torsion of the femur.
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Yatsuliak, Mykhailo B., Mykhailo M. Nemesh, Stepan M. Martsyniak, Mykhailo V. Melnyk, Miroslaw S. Kabatsii, and Viktor V. Filipchuk. "Clinical and Radiographic Dependences of Functional Status, Indices of the Hip Joint and Femur Migration in Patients With Cerebral Palsy." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE 19 (October 10, 2022): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23208.2022.19.21.
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Relevance. Significant incidence of hip pathology in different groups of patients with cerebral palsy and factors that may affect its formation are relevant objects of the study. The goal of the study. To establish the features of the hip joint’s formation, examining the clinical and radiographic dependences of the functional status and indices of the hip joint in patients with cerebral palsy. Materials and methods. The total number of patients was 47 persons (86 joints). We conducted a clinical and radiographic examination of the hip joints using our own methods and standard anterior-posterior radiography, as well as a statistical analysis of hip parameters and factors that may have influenced their formation. Results. Correlation relationships have been established between hip parameters and factors that may affect them: Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), gait function, level of lesion, developmental dysplasia of the hip, and adductor myotomy in medical history. Conclusions. The Reimers’ index showed greater reliability compared to the Wiberg angle. Positioning of the patient’s body using our own method way can be used to screen the hip joints in cerebral palsy based upon the Reimers index while obtaining the true parameters of the femoral neck–shaft angle and torsion of the femur.
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Volk, S. W., D. G. Keith, R. C. McLear, G. K. Smith, and A. S. Kapatkin. "Elbow dysplasia in a Basset Hound." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 16, no. 01 (2003): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632748.
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SummaryA Basset Hound with elbow dysplasias (ununited anconeal process and elbow incongruity in the left elbow, fragmented medial coronoid process and elbow incongruity in the right elbow) was followed by serial radiography, computer tomographic (CT) scan and arthroscopy at eight,11,13,16 and 19 months of age. Radiographs were insensitive to progressive changes in the elbow dysplastic joints. CT and arthroscopy were both highly sensitive to subtle and severe changes occurring in the elbow joint over the times examined. Further studies evaluating the effect of multiple arthroscopic examinations itself on joints as well as age that CT will be sensitive to the earliest changes in the elbow joint need to be investigated. Hopefully, these studies will help evaluate early surgical interventions and help to eliminate elbow dysplasia in breeding dogs.
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Carpenter, Larry G., Peter D. Schwarz, Jennifer E. Lowry, Richard D. Park, and Phillip F. Steyn. "Comparison of radiologic imaging techniques for diagnosis of fragmented medial coronoid process of the cubital joint in dogs." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 203, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1993.203.01.78.
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Summary Thirty cubital joints from 16 dogs suspected of having a fragmented medial coronoid process were examined. Four breeds accounted for 87.5% of the cases: German Shepherd Dog (25%), Labrador Retriever (25%), Rottweiler (18.75%), and Golden Retriever (18.75%). Seventy-five percent of the dogs were male. Mean age of affected dogs was 13.6 months. Plain-film radiography, xeroradiography, linear tomography, arthrography, and computed tomography were performed on each cubital joint prior to surgical exploration of the joint. Three reviewers evaluated each diagnostic study and independently determined whether a fragment from the medial coronoid process could be seen. The consensus opinion was compared with the finding at surgery. Abnormalities of the medial coronoid process were detected in 25 of 30 joints at surgery. Fragmented coronoid process was found in 17 of 30 joints, and wear lesions were observed in 8 of 30 joints. Computed tomography had the highest accuracy (86.7%), sensitivity (88.2%), and negative-predictive value (84.6%) of the 5 imaging modalities evaluated (P < 0.05). Specificity and positive-predictive value of all imaging techniques were high. There was no significant difference between the diagnostic ability of plain-film radiography, xeroradiography, or linear tomography of the cubital joint. The combination of plain-film radiography and linear tomography provided an improvement in accuracy, approaching that of computed tomography.
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Evers, Petra, Gary R. Johnston, Larry J. Wallace, Alan J. Lipowitz, and Vickie L. King. "Long-term results of treatment of traumatic coxofemoral joint dislocation in dogs: 64 cases (1973-1992)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.210.01.59.
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Objective To determine long-term results of various treatments for traumatic coxofemoral joint dislocation in dogs. Design Retrospective case series. Animals 64 dogs that underwent closed reduction and bandage stabilization, extracapsular suture stabilization, transacetabular pinning, toggle pinning, DeVita pinning, or femoral head and neck excision. Procedure Follow-up evaluations included owner evaluation (64 dogs), physical evaluation (23), and radiography (19). Follow-up time ranged from 8 to 156 months. Results Owner evaluation scores after closed reduction were significantly better than scores after DeVita pinning, extracapsular suture stabilization, and femoral head and neck excision. On physical examination, 6 of 23 dogs were lame on the side of the previous dislocation. Signs of pain and crepitation were evident during palpation of 12 and 8 of 25 joints, respectively. Thirteen of 21 joints had radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease. There was a greater progression of degenerative joint disease in previously dislocated joints than in unaffected joints. There were not any significant differences between treatments in regard to results of physical and radiographic evaluation. Time between trauma and treatment and existence of concomitant injuries did not influence follow-up results, but there was a significant association between body weight and radiographic evaluation score. Clinical Implications Concomitant injuries do not appear to justify a worse prognosis in dogs with traumatic coxofemoral joint dislocation, nor does a delay in treatment of > 3 days. Gait abnormalities and degenerative joint disease might develop in the long term. Proper body weight should be maintained regardless of treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:59–64)
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Kumar, K. V. Arun, V. R. Raghul, E. Pradeep, Haemanath Pandian, Aswin Vijay, and Mohideen Sheik. "Single Stance Radiography of the Knee Joint – A Novel Approach to Assess the Degree of Knee Osteoarthritis." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, no. 5 (2024): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i05.4476.
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Introduction: Conventional radiography has always been cited as the gold standard for assessing the structural changes associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The purpose of the study was to compare the joint space width between both leg-standing and one-leg-standing radiographs in an assessment of the severity of OA of the knee. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with medial compartment OA were deployed for the study. Patients underwent both leg standing radiographs and one-leg standing radiograph on the affected leg. Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) radiographic classification was used to assess the severity of OA using joint space width. Conclusion: The mean medial joint space width decreased from 3.26 mm in both legs of the standing radiograph to 1.98 mm in the one-leg standing radiograph. Patients on both leg standing radiographs appreciated an increase in grade during the single leg radiograph. Nearly 52% of patients with both leg standing radiographs have changed the KL grading to a more severe grade when undergone a single leg standing radiograph. One-leg standing radiograph was found to be a better representation of joint space width than both-leg standing radiographs. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, imaging, one-leg standing radiography, both leg standing radiography.
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Cheng, I. T., H. So, J. So, J. F. Griffith, and L. S. Tam. "AB1129 UTILITY OF LOW-DOSE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (LDCT) FOR IDENTIFYING PATIENTS WITH AXIAL PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS (AXPSA) – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1795.1–1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.2157.
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BackgroundPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a multicentric disease with axial involvement being a critical feature. As inflammatory back pain (IBP) may be atypical or even absent, axial PsA is often under diagnosed. Axial PsA (axPsA) is currently diagnosed by identifying sacroiliitis on radiography. However, the detection of radiographic sacroiliitis is not entirely reliable and is challenging in early disease. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to diagnose sacroiliitis to good effect. Even more recently, low dose (<0.5mSv) computed tomography (LDCT) has been used to identify structural changes of sacroiliitis such as erosions and ankylosis. However, the usefulness of LDCT for diagnosing sacroiliitis in axPsA compared to radiography and MRI remains uncertain.ObjectivesTo investigate the usefulness of LDCT in diagnosing axPsA-related sacroiliitis compared to radiography and MRI.MethodsConsecutive biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (bDMARDs)-naïve patients who fulfilled CASPAR were recruited into this cross-sectional study, regardless of the presence of back pain. Radiographs of the pelvis, LDCT and MRI of the sacroiliac joints were performed.Results33 patients (age: 45 ± 12 years, 23 (70%) male, disease duration: 3.0 ± 6.5 years) were recruited. The cohort had moderate peripheral joint disease (Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA): 18.78 ±1 6.33) and skin disease (Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI): 5.40 ± 7.10). Axial disease activity (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, ASDAS) was 2.52 ± 1.26. Twenty (61%) patients were on conventional synthetic DMARDs. Radiography revealed definite sacroiliitis according to modified New York criteria in 2 (6%) patients while 8 (24%) patients had possible sacroiliitis and 23 (70%) had no sacroiliitis. LDCT revealed sacroiliitis in 9 (27%) patients, including both patients with radiographic sacroiliitis, 7 (88%) of the 8 patients with possible radiographic sacroiliitis and 2 (4%) of 23 patients with normal radiographs (Figure 1). Patient with LDCT-sacroiliitis had longer symptom duration, higher patients’ pain score, physician global, enthesitis scores and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) (Table 1). The presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27, IBP, and fulfillment of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) 2009 criteria of axial spondylitis could not differentiate between patients with or without LDCT-sacroiliitis. LDCT had 100% agreement with MRI. MRI detected 9 patients with sacroiliitis, all of whom were identified by LDCT.ConclusionLCDT revealed sacroiliitis in 4 times more patients than radiographs. Patients with sacroiliitis had higher disease activity across various disease domains. LDCT had excellent agreement with MRI. LDCT is very helpful for diagnosing axPsA, especially when access to MRI is limited.Figure 1.Prevalence of sacroiliitis detected by low dose CT (LDCT) in patients whose radiographs showed normal appearances, possible sacroiliitis and sacroiliitisTable 1.Characteristics between patients with or without sacroiliitis detected by low-dose CTNormal LDCT (n=24)Sacroiliitis detected by LDCT (n=9)Age44114715Sex, male (n, %)1771%667%PsA, symptom duration, years1.21.43.42.9*Fullfiled ASAS criteria (n,%)28%333%HLA-B27 +ve (n,%)14%111%Presence of IBP (n,%)313%333%Presence of nail disease, (n,%)1667%667%NRS pain4264*NRS ptga5363NRS phyga5364*Tender joint count51164Swollen joint count3443No. of dactylitis digit0111PASI4.56.27.89.1SPRACC0011*BASMI1132*ESR, mm/hr29223730CRP, mg/L7.78.813.621.9DAPSA16.9416.8723.6914.54ASDAS2.31.143.031.46BASDAI3.52.452.4*p<0.05REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Staniszewski, K., S. Sikora, and J. Czuchryj. "Radiographic Quality Assessment of Welded Joints in Building Structures Produced According to Requirements of Standard En-1090-2, Quality Level “B +” / Radiograficzna Ocena Jakosci Złaczy Spawanych W Konstrukcjach Budowlanych Wykonywanych Według Wymagan Normy En-1090-2, Na Poziomie Jakosci „B+”." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0158-5.
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While assessing the quality of welded joints it may become necessary to establish various quality levels in the same joint or implement specific requirements for an already adopted quality level. The latter case can be observed in standard EN 1090-2, in which additional requirements were adopted for quality level B and thus a new quality level designated as B+ was created. Most of the additional requirements are concerned with imperfections detected by means of radiography. For this reason it was necessary to compare the principles governing the assessment of the quality of welded joints from radiographic examination point of view, according to the requirements of standard EN ISO 5817 and those of EN 1090-2. A conducted comparative analysis aims at optimising the aforesaid principles in relation to the requirements presented therein.
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Hemke, Robert, Nele Herregods, Jacob L. Jaremko, Gunnar Åström, Derk Avenarius, Fabio Becce, Dennis K. Bielecki, et al. "Imaging assessment of children presenting with suspected or known juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ESSR-ESPR points to consider." European Radiology 30, no. 10 (May 12, 2020): 5237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06807-8.
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Abstract Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common paediatric rheumatic disease. It represents a group of heterogenous inflammatory disorders with unknown origin and is a diagnosis of exclusion in which imaging plays an important role. JIA is defined as arthritis of one or more joints that begins before the age of 16 years, persists for more than 6 weeks and is of unknown aetiology and pathophysiology. The clinical goal is early suppression of inflammation to prevent irreversible joint damage which has shifted the emphasis from detecting established joint damage to proactively detecting inflammatory change. This drives the need for imaging techniques that are more sensitive than conventional radiography in the evaluation of inflammatory processes as well as early osteochondral change. Physical examination has limited reliability, even if performed by an experienced clinician, emphasising the importance of imaging to aid in clinical decision-making. On behalf of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) arthritis subcommittee and the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) musculoskeletal imaging taskforce, based on literature review and/or expert opinion, we discuss paediatric-specific imaging characteristics of the most commonly involved, in literature best documented and clinically important joints in JIA, namely the temporomandibular joints (TMJs), spine, sacroiliac (SI) joints, wrists, hips and knees, followed by a clinically applicable point to consider for each joint. We will also touch upon controversies in the current literature that remain to be resolved with ongoing research. Key Points • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic paediatric rheumatic disease and, in JIA imaging, is increasingly important to aid in clinical decision-making. • Conventional radiographs have a lower sensitivity and specificity for detection of disease activity and early destructive change, as compared to MRI or ultrasound. Nonetheless, radiography remains important, particularly in narrowing the differential diagnosis and evaluating growth disturbances. • Mainly in peripheral joints, ultrasound can be helpful for assessment of inflammation and guiding joint injections. In JIA, MRI is the most validated technique. MRI should be considered as the modality of choice to assess the axial skeleton or where the clinical presentation overlaps with JIA.
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Šterc, J., and R. Lepková. "Personnel Exposure to Scattered Radiation During Radiography of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint in the Horse Using a Portable X-Ray Machine." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 1 (2007): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776010105.
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Radiography of the distal interphalangeal joints of two limbs of a cadaver of a horse weighing 550 kg was conducted in the present study. The examination was performed on lateromedial, palmaroproximal-palmarodistal views and on dorsoproximal-palmarodistal, dorsolateral-palmaromedial, dorsomedial-palmarolateral views of a raised limb placed on a navicular block, and of weight-bearing limbs. During the examination, doses of scattered radiation were measured at the sites of radiographer, assistant holding a film cassette and assistant positioning the examined limb or the opposite one. The lowest radiation dose was received by the assistant holding the cassette behind the examined region; a total equivalent dose of 183.6 - 201.7 nSv was received by his hands and genitals, and 110.8 - 113.3 nSv by his eye lens and neck during the examination of the distal interphalangeal joint. The radiographer was exposed to higher radiation; an equivalent dose of 846.6 - 854.1 nSv was received by his hands and genitals, and 271.8 - 328.2 nSv by the eye lens and the neck. The highest scattered radiation dose was received by the assistant positioning the examined limbs; equivalent doses were 7751 - 9354 nSv (hands), 1117.3 - 1119.5 nSv (genitals), and 880.6 - 1096.2 nSv (eye lens and neck). The equivalent dose values measured, received by the radiographer and the assistants during the examination of the distal interphalangeal joint seem to be very low relative to radiation exposure limits. However, it must be taken into account that the personnel involved in radiography is also exposed to scattered radiation during other examinations where radiation doses are often much higher. These results indicate the necessity to use protective lead aprons, gloves and collars during radiography of the distal interphalangeal joint.
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Rischin, A., E. Kathpal, S. Vogrin, L. Bentley, V. Master, A. Steward, K. Le Marshall, and K. Lim. "AB1126 THE RELIABILITY AND DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF DIGITAL TOMOSYNTHESIS COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF SACROILIITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3521.
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Background:Conventional radiography remains part of the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis and determines qualification for biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in many countries. The standard anteroposterior radiograph (XR) incompletely images the complex sacroiliac joint with recognised unacceptably low levels of agreement between readers. Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) uses conventional radiographic projections to create a three-dimensional image and is a potential alternative for the initial radiographic detection and grading of sacroiliitis.Objectives:To compare the level of agreement between two radiologists when reporting sacroiliac joint imaging with digital tomosynthesis versus conventional radiography, as well as to compare the diagnostic accuracy of each imaging modality.Methods:229 consecutive patients that had radiography and digital tomosynthesis performed at Footscray Hospital, Melbourne, Australia were included. Two blinded radiologists independently re-reported all images according to the modified New York criteria, or listed an alternative diagnosis. An overall assessment of each image as inflammatory sacroiliitis, normal or non-inflammatory disease was also recorded. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records. Agreement between and within readers was evaluated using kappa (κ) statistic. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated by comparing each reader’s overall assessment against 2 reference standard comparators: most recent rheumatologist diagnosis and fulfillment of ASAS criteria at any time point.Results:The intra-reader agreement of reader 1 was almost perfect for the left, right and overall sacroiliac joint assessments (κ 0.77 - 0.94), with DTS outperforming XR. Reader 2 agreement was mostly moderate (κ 0.39 - 0.69), with DTS and XR better on the left and right sacroiliac joint respectively, but XR having better overall assessment. The inter-reader agreement of DTS for all patients was moderate and better than XR as shown in the Table. When excluding non-spondyloarthritis patients, inter-reader agreement improved (κ 0.50 to 0.58) but there was no significant difference between DTS and XR. Using reader 1, the sensitivity of DTS (64.8 - 66.7%) was better than XR (54.9 - 60.7%) but low, in keeping with what is known about radiographic sacroiliitis and axial spondyloarthritis. The specificity of XR (78.5 – 80.3%) was better than DTS (72.3 – 73.1%). There were no significant differences when fulfillment of modified New York Criteria was used as a reader’s positive test.Table.Inter-rater reliability between the readersAll patients(N=229)*Inflammatory sacroiliitis & normal patients (N=164)**Inflammatory sacroiliitis patients (N=92)**XR Right0.360.520.56DTS Right0.390.500.51XR Left0.340.550.56DTS Left0.420.550.58XR Overall0.40DTS Overall0.45*Non-weighted kappa statistic**Weighted kappa statisticConclusion:DTS demonstrated moderate reliability for assessment of sacroiliitis, marginally better than conventional radiography. Overall levels of agreement for both imaging modalities were however lower than radiography in previous studies, with several possible contributing factors. A prospective study in a selected spondyloarthritis cohort may better determine any benefit of DTS.References:[1]Christiansen AA, Hendricks O, Kuettel D, Horslev-Petersen K, Jurik AG, Nielsen S, et al. Limited Reliability of Radiographic Assessment of Sacroiliac Joints in Patients with Suspected Early Spondyloarthritis. The Journal of rheumatology. 2017;44(1):70-7.[2]van Tubergen A, Heuft-Dorenbosch L, Schulpen G, Landewe R, Wijers R, van der Heijde D, et al. Radiographic assessment of sacroiliitis by radiologists and rheumatologists: does training improve quality? Annals of the rheumatic diseases. 2003;62(6):519-25.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Lundin, B., E. Berntorp, H. Pettersson, R. Wirestam, K. Jonsson, F. Ståhlberg, and R. Ljung. "Gadolinium contrast agent is of limited value for magnetic resonance imaging assessment of synovial hypertrophy in hemophiliacs." Acta Radiologica 48, no. 5 (June 2007): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850701280775.
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Purpose: To examine the influence of different doses of gadolinium contrast agent on synovial enhancement, to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of synovial hypertrophy and radiographic joint changes in hemophiliacs, and to investigate the value of gadolinium in MRI assessment of synovial hypertrophy in hemophiliacs using dynamic MRI and MRI scoring. Material and Methods: Twenty-one hemophiliacs on prophylactic factor treatment without recent bleeds were subjected to radiography and gadolinium contrast-enhanced dynamic and static MRI of the knee using a standard dose of 0.1 mmol/kg b.w. gadoteridol. In 17 of the patients, the MRI procedure was repeated after a triple dose of gadoteridol. Results: MRI findings of synovial hypertrophy were significantly correlated with Pettersson radiographic scores. In 19 of the 21 MRI investigated joints, administration of contrast agent did not alter the result of the evaluation of synovial hypertrophy. Conclusion: The optimal time interval for volume assessment of synovial hypertrophy after injection of gadolinium contrast agent is dose dependent. Hemophiliacs without recent bleeds have minor to abundant synovial hypertrophy in joints with pronounced radiographic changes. Dynamic MRI is not useful for evaluating hemophilic arthropathy, and gadolinium contrast agent is not routinely indicated for MRI scoring of joints in hemophiliacs.
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Vele, Paulina, Siao-Pin Simon, Laura Damian, Ioana Felea, Laura Muntean, Ileana Filipescu, and Simona Rednic. "Clinical and ultrasound findings in patients with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease." Medical Ultrasonography 20, no. 2 (May 2, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-1193.
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Aim: To evaluate the presence and distribution of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) deposits in joints commonly affected by CPP deposition (CPPD) disease (acromio-clavicular, gleno-humeral, wrists, hips, knees, ankles, and symphysis pubis joints) using ultrasound (US).Material and methods: Thirty consecutive patients fulfilling McCarty diagnostic criteria for CPPD were consecutively enrolled in the study. The data registered using the US included the affected joints, the calcification site, and the pattern of calcification (thin hyperechoic bands, parallel to the surface of the hyaline cartilage, hyperechoic spots, and hyperechoic nodular or oval deposits). The presence of CPP crystals in knees was confirmed by polarized light microscopy examination of the synovial fluid and radiographs of the knees were performed in all patients.Results: In 30 patients, 390 joints were scanned, (13 joints in every patient). The mean±standard deviation number of joints with US CPPD evidence per patient was 2.93±1.8 (range 1-9). The knee was the most common joint involved both clinically and using US examination. The second US pattern (with hyperechoic spots) was the most frequent. Fibrocartilage calcifications were more common than hyaline calcification. Using radiography as reference method, the sensitivity and specificity of US for diagnosis CPPD in knees was 79.31%, 95CI(66.65%-88.83%), and 14.29%, 95CI(1.78%-42.81%), respectively.Conclusions: The knee is the most frequent joint affected by CPPD. The second ultrasound pattern is the most common. CPPD affects the fibrocartilage to a greater extent than the hyaline cartilage.
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Okino, Taichi, Tamotsu Kamishima, Kenneth Lee Sutherland, Jun Fukae, Akihiro Narita, Shota Ichikawa, and Kazuhide Tanimura. "Radiographic temporal subtraction analysis can detect finger joint space narrowing progression in rheumatoid arthritis with clinical low disease activity." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 4 (July 21, 2017): 460–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117721262.
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Background Recent papers suggest that finger joints with positive synovial vascularity (SV) assessed by ultrasonography under clinical low disease activity (CLDA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients may cause joint space narrowing (JSN) progression. Purpose To investigate the performance of a computer-based method by directly comparing with the conventional scoring method in terms of the detectability of JSN progression in hand radiography of RA patients with CLDA. Material and Methods Fifteen RA patients (13 women, 2 men) with long-term sustained CLDA of >2 years were included. Radiological progression of finger joints was measured or scored using the computer-based method which can detect JSN progression between two radiographic images as the joint space difference index (JSDI), as well as the Genant-modified Sharp score (GSS). We also quantitatively assessed SV of these joints using ultrasonography. Results Out of 270 joints, we targeted 259 finger joints after excluding nine damaged joints (four ankylosis, three complete luxation, and two subluxation) and two improved joints according to the GSS results. The JSDI of finger joints with JSN progression was significantly higher than those without JSN progression ( P = 0.018). The JSDI of finger joints with ultrasonographic SV was significantly higher than those without ultrasonographic SV ( P = 0.004). Progression in JSDI showed stronger associations with ultrasonographic SV than progression in GSS (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 7.19 [3.37–15.36] versus 5.84 [2.76–12.33]). Conclusion The computer-based method was comparable to the conventional scoring method regarding the detectability of JSN progression in RA patients with CLDA.
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Reeves, P. J. "Radiography of the acromioclavicular joints: a review." Radiography 9, no. 2 (May 2003): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1078-8174(03)00041-5.
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Kortekaas, Marion C., Wing-Yee Kwok, Monique Reijnierse, Ron Wolterbeek, Pernille Bøyesen, Desiree van der Heijde, Johannes L. Bloem, and Margreet Kloppenburg. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Hand Osteoarthritis: Intraobserver Reliability and Criterion Validity for Clinical and Structural Characteristics." Journal of Rheumatology 42, no. 7 (May 15, 2015): 1224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.140338.
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Objective.To investigate criterion validity and intraobserver reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in hand osteoarthritis (HOA).Methods.In 16 patients with HOA (median age 57 yrs, 62% women, 13 with erosive OA), 3 Tesla MRI scans with gadolinium-chelate administration of right second to fifth distal interphalangeal/proximal interphalangeal joints were scored according to the Oslo HOA scoring method for synovial thickening, bone marrow lesions (BML), osteophytes, joint space narrowing (JSN), and erosions (grade 0–3). Ultrasound (US) was scored for synovial thickening and osteophytes, radiographs for osteophytes and JSN (Osteoarthritis Research Society International score), and anatomical phases (Verbruggen-Veys score). Pain was assessed during physical examination. Correlations of MRI with US and radiographic features were assessed with generalizability theory. With generalized estimating equations analyses, MRI features were associated with pain, adjusting for confounding.Results.Forty-three percent, 27%, 77%, and 61% of joints had synovial thickening (moderate/severe), BML, osteophytes, and erosions on MRI, respectively. Intraobserver reliability, assessed in 6 patients, was good (ICC 0.77–1.00). Correlations between osteophytes, JSN, and erosions on radiographs and MRI were moderate, substantial, and fair (ICC 0.53, 0.68, and 0.32, respectively); MRI showed more lesions than radiography. Correlation between synovial thickening and osteophytes on MRI and US was moderate (ICC 0.43 and 0.49, respectively). MRI was more sensitive for synovial thickening, US for osteophytes. Pain was associated with moderate/severe synovial thickening (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.06–5.5), collateral ligaments (4.2, 2.2–8.3), BML (3.5, 1.6–7.7), erosions (4.5, 1.7–12.2), and osteophytes (2.4, 1.1–5.2).Conclusion.MRI is a reliable and valid method to assess inflammatory and structural features in HOA. It gives additional information over radiographs and US.
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Totsuka, Sho, Tomofumi Nishino, Ryunosuke Watanabe, Masashi Yamazaki, and Hajime Mishima. "New Evaluation Method for Bone Formation around a Fully Hydroxyapatite-Coated Stem Using Digital Tomosynthesis: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study." Diagnostics 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112094.
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Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is a new imaging technique derived from radiography, and its usefulness has been gradually reported in the field of orthopedic diagnosis in recent years. A fully hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated stem, which is used for total hip arthroplasty (THA), is a type of cementless stem that has been widely used recently and reported to have good results. However, stem loosening on plain radiographs is difficult to determine in some cases due to cancellous condensation around the stem. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we compared the results of plain radiography versus DTS to evaluate the imaging findings after THA using a fully HA-coated stem. Twenty joints each in the 3 y and 1 y postoperative groups underwent plain radiography and DTS. On DTS, bone formation around the stem was confirmed in all cases; however, this formation was not reproducible on plain radiography, and there were cases in which the reaction could not be confirmed or cases with cancellous condensation resembling reactive lines. This reaction was not reproducible on plain radiographs, and in some cases, the reaction could not be confirmed, or there were cases with cancellous condensation that resembled reactive lines. Therefore, DTS was useful in the diagnosis of bone formation around the implant.
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Park, Young-Uk, Youngwook Seo, Hyuk Jegal, and Kyung-Tai Lee. "Value of Ultrasound for Stability Assessment of Isolated Lateral Malleolar Fractures Compared to Stress Radiography and Arthroscopy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 2473011417S0003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000320.
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Category: Ankle, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Isolated Lateral malleolus fracture, like any other fractures can be treated by operative or conservative treatment. Stability of ankle joint is the most important factor in deciding the type of treatment. Unstable ankle joints present superior clinical outcomes with surgical management. There are many methods to assess the stability of ankle joint such as plain x- ray films, stress radiographies and physical examination. Many studies have suggested the usage of ultrasound for diagnosis of ankle ligament injury. But, there are no reports about its use for stability assessment of isolated lateral malleolar ankle fracture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of ultrasound for stability assessment of isolated lateral malleolar fractures, compared to simple x-ray, stress radiography and arthroscopy. Methods: We have conducted a prospective study which included 13 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic exam and subsequent open reduction and internal fixation for isolated lateral malleolar ankle fracture. Before operation simple x-ray, external rotation stress radiographs were done. Stress ultrasound was performed to assess the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) and medial deltoid ligament prior to operation. The arthroscopic findings were used as the reference standard. A standardized physical examination (tenderness and ecchymosis, external rotation stress test), simple radiography, stress radiography and ultrasound images were compared to assess the stability. Results: Deltoid ligament injury and or syndesmosis injury were verified arthroscopically in 12 cases with a clinical diagnosis (92.3%). There were 9 cases who showed unstable ankle fracture on the simple radiography. (69.2%). There were all cases who showed unstable ankle fracture on the external rotation stress radiography. (100%) In addition, for 12/13, there were acute tear of the deltoid ligament or AITFL injury on the ultrasound (92.3%). Conclusion: The results suggest that ultrasound could be used for the assessment of the instability of isolated lateral malleolar fracture.
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Lu, Jike, Nabil A. Ebraheim, Martin Skie, Brian Porshinsky, and Richard A. Yeasting. "Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Lisfranc Dislocation: A Cadaver Study." Foot & Ankle International 18, no. 6 (June 1997): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800608.
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Six cadaver feet were used for radiological and computed tomographic (CT) evaluation. The tarsometatarsal joints of each specimen were displaced dorsolaterally in successive 1-mm increments. None of the 1-mm and two thirds of the 2-mm dorsolateral Lisfranc dislocations could be visualized on routine radiographs; they could all be noted on CT scans. There was good assessment on CT scan for the extent of the minor lesions that are normally obscured by overlapping projection in routine radiographs. A Lisfranc injury that appears undisplaced on radiographs or acceptable after closed reduction may still have an unpredictable outcome because of the presence of an occult joint subluxation. CT scanning is more sensitive than radiography for detecting the minor amounts of Lisfranc displacement. If there is any doubt on the radiographs, a CT scan should be performed. The early diagnosis and treatment of Lisfranc injuries may minimize development of post-traumatic degenerative arthritis.
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Alajoulin, Omar. "Prevalence and Distribution of Sesamoid Bones in the Region of the Forefoot among Jordanians." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 9, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 904–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2021.v09i06.016.
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The sesamoid bones of the forefoot are typically found within the plantar plates of the interphalangeal (IP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. Although rare, they are relatively implicated in some pathology including fractures, infections, arthritis, and osteonecrosis. There is an extensive variability in the reported prevalence of sesamoid bones within different populations the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sesamoid bones of the forefoot, their distribution and morphological variations in Jordanians according to gender and side using plain radiography. Foot radiographs were obtained from patients referred to the foot and ankle clinic at Jordanian Royal Medical Services. The sesamoids of the first MTP joint were found in all radiographs. Bipartite hallucal sesamoid was found in 3.6%, bipartite medial in 2.0 %, bipartite lateral in 1.3%, and bipartite medial and lateral in 0.3%. None of the radiographs showed a single medial or lateral hallucal sesamoid bone. Sesamoids at the second, fourth, and fifth MTP joints were observed in 1.6%, 0.4%, and 5.6%, respectively. The third MTP sesamoid was not observed in this series. A multipartite MTP sesamoid was observed at the fourth and fifth MTP joints and identified in 3.1 % of the feet. No cases were identified with multipartite sesamoid bones at the second or third MTP joints. Coincidence of sesamoid bones at two MTP joints was also observed. Hallucal IP sesamoid was observed in 1.8% and the IP sesamoids of second, third, fourth, and fifth toes were not observed in this series. A thorough knowledge of normal anatomical variants is essential to avoid unnecessary clinical workup and is implicated in anthropological and forensic studies. Further research may be needed to explore the genetic and/or environmental factors that may be attributed to the variations in the prevalence of sesamoid bones in different populations.
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Stehlík, Ladislav, Pavel Proks, Petra Fedorová, and Alois Nečas. "Radiographic changes of the patellar ligament in dogs after tibial tuberosity advancement." Acta Veterinaria Brno 82, no. 2 (2013): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201382020215.
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Patellar desmopathy in dogs after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy has been described in many studies. Tibial tuberosity advancement is a biomechanically different technique. It is assumed that the patellar ligament is loaded with little force similarly as after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Various aspects related to secondary patellar desmopathy are not completely understood. This study deals with computed radiography measurement of patellar ligament thickness after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The thickness of the patellar ligament in exactly predetermined locations was measured from mediolateral radiographs of stifle joints. A total of 18 dogs (20 knee joints) with cranial cruciate ligament (ligamentum cruciatum craniale) rupture underwent three radiographic examinations of the knee (preoperative examination and control examination 7 and 15 weeks after the surgery). Significant difference was found between the thickness of the patellar ligament in the first and second examinations. Some of the demographic factors possibly related to patellar ligament thickness (age, sex, body weight, type of cranial cruciate ligament rupture, arthrotomy, cage size, meniscal injury, time between surgery and radiographic examination) were analyzed. However, statistical analyses did not show any effect of these factors on the thickness of the patellar ligament, except for the time between surgery and radiographic examination. These findings can extend the surgeons’ knowledge of biomechanical aspects of tibial tuberosity advancement.
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Tulamo, Riitta-Mari, Jukka Houttu, Antero Tupamäki, and Matti Salonen. "Hyaluronate and large molecular weight proteoglycans in synovial fluid from horses with various arthritides." American Journal of Veterinary Research 57, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 932–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1996.57.06.932.
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Abstract Objective To investigate the presence of large molecular weight (MW) proteoglycans (PG) and hyaluronate (HA) in synovial fluid (SF) from horses with various arthritides and from control joints. Design Horses with acute (< 2 weeks) or chronic (> 4 weeks) lameness were examined by clinical examination, intrasynovial anesthesia, radiography, arthroscopy, and SF analysis. Joints were grouped on the basis of diagnosis: acute traumatic arthritis, chronic traumatic arthritis (with a subgroup of degenerative joint disease), intra-articular fracture, and infectious arthritis. Animals 31 horses with arthritis and 9 control horses; altogether 43 SF samples were analyzed. Procedure High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess HA and large MW PG in SF samples. Results. A PG peak was identified in 8 of 23 SF samples of joints with chronic traumatic arthritis, 4 of which had no or minimal abnormal radiographic findings but mild articular cartilage fibrillation detected by arthroscopy, and in 3 joints with intra-articular fracture and 1 with resolving infectious arthritis, but not in joints with acute traumatic arthritis or in control joints. There was significant difference (P < 0.01) in mean (± SEM) HA concentration between control joints and joints with chronic traumatic arthritis (0.32 ± 0.04 g/L; n = 9 vs 0.18 ± 0.01 g/L; n = 23). Conclusions Large MW PG fragments are released into equine SF in the course of articular disease and can be detected simultaneously with HA by high-performance liquid chromatography. Clinical Relevance The SF HA concentration can be used as diagnostic marker for chronic traumatic arthritis. However, SF PG or other marker cannot be used for diagnosing or monitoring degenerative joint disease. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:932–937)
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Mate, Gitanjali S., Abdul K. Kureshi, and Bhupesh Kumar Singh. "An Efficient CNN for Hand X-Ray Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (June 14, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6712785.
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Hand Radiography (RA) is one of the prime tests for checking the progress of rheumatoid joint inflammation in human bone joints. Recognizing the specific phase of RA is a difficult assignment, as human abilities regularly curb the techniques for it. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is the center for hand recognition for recognizing complex examples. The human cerebrum capacities work in a high-level way, so CNN has been planned depending on organic neural-related organizations in humans for imitating its unpredictable capacities. This article accordingly presents the convolutional neural network (CNN) which has the ability to naturally gain proficiency with the qualities and anticipate the class of hand radiographs from an expansive informational collection. The reproduction of the CNN halfway layers, which depict the elements of the organization, is likewise appeared. For arrangement of the model, a dataset of 290 radiography images is utilized. The result indicates that hand X-rays are rated with an accuracy of 94.46% by the proposed methodology. Our experiments show that the network sensitivity is observed to be 0.95 and the specificity is observed to be 0.82.
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Jassim, Majid Hadi, Haider Yousif Shukur, and Hussein Wahhab Rabeea. "RADIOGRAPHY OF OSTEOARTHRITIS AS AN ABNORMAL ANATOMICAL CHANGE IN GERIATRICS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 74, no. 12 (2021): 3168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202112108.
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The aim: A study was aimed to investigate the correlation between the prevalence of osteoarthritis and progression of age. Materials and methods: A study was conducted on two group of population; it increasing prevalence due to the demographic development of the society has major implications for individual and public healthcare with the increasing necessity for clinical imaging assessment in a high number of individuals. First group included 260 people their ages ranged from 65-70 year old. The second group included 270 elderly people their ages ranged from 71-80 year old. All people under study were imaged by radiography to diagnose different joints and bone affection which includes; a debilitating, degenerative disease of the articular cartilage and synovial fluid. The prevalence of radiographic osteoarthritis in different joints was record 31% in first group (65-70 year) as compare with 69.7% recorded to group two population (71-80 year). Results: From this study we can conclude that the progression of osteoarthritis after 71 years of age increased significantly. Therefore, the limitations of radiographs in osteoarthritis assessment could be overcome by these techniques. Conclusions: This article should provide an insight into the most important radiological features prevalence of osteoarthritis and their systematic visualization with different imaging approaches that can be used in clinical, radiologists and referring clinicians to better understand the evolution of symptomatic prevalence of osteoarthritis and the current or future clinical significance of the most common symptomatic and asymptomatic findings.
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Hao, Da-Peng, Jian-Zhong Zhang, Wen-Jian Xu, Zhen-Chang Wang, and Xue-Na Wang. "Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Ankle." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 101, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1010252.
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Background: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the ankle is a rare benign proliferative growth of the synovium. Studies of the radiologic characteristics of ankle PVNS are sparse. Methods: To characterize the radiologic features of ankle PVNS, five patients with histologically proven ankle PVNS were retrospectively studied. The features of their radiographs, computed tomographic scans, and magnetic resonance images were reviewed, with emphasis on the morphological features, extension, margin, bone involvement, signal intensity, and degree of magnetic resonance enhancement. Results: All five lesions were diffuse, affecting the ankle and distal tibiofibular joint; three lesions also involved the subtalar joint. Radiography demonstrated extrinsic bone erosions with marginal sclerosis of the involved joints in all of the patients, but computed tomography identified this much better than did radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple lobulated soft-tissue masses in all of the cases. These soft-tissue masses surrounded the flexor hallux longus tendon and were hypointense on T1-weighted images, with a heterogeneous signal in two cases and homogenous hypointensity in three cases on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images. In one patient who underwent gadolinium-enhanced imaging, the masses showed intense enhancement. Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging is the best way to reveal ankle PVNS. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of predominant hypointensity on all pulse sequences and standard radiography findings of bone erosion with marginal sclerosis are characteristic. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 252–258, 2011)
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Boussaa, H., S. Bouzid, S. Miladi, A. Fazaa, M. Yasmine, L. Souabni, K. Ouenniche, et al. "POS1377 HAND OSTEOARTHRITIS: CORRELATION BETWEEN HAND ULTRASOUND AND CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1041.2–1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.6052.
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BackgroundHand osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most prevalent OA phenotypes. The simultaneous involvement of multiple hand joints makes hand OA a heterogeneous disorder that is complex to study [1]. It is widely accepted that radiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of hand OA [2].ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the correlation between ultrasound (US) and X-ray findings in hand OA.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study, including patients with hand OA, fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria. All patients underwent a physical examination followed by an US exam. US was performed in all metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints, and features were quantitatively scored (0/1). Recent (less than six months old) posterior-anterior view X-rays of the hands were analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated.ResultsWe examined 280 joints in a total of 10 patients with hand OA (9 women and one man). The mean age was 66±11 years [46–78]. The mean duration of hand OA symptoms was 4±3 years. The mean tender and swollen joints were 1.5 [0-5] and 0.1 [0-1], respectively. X-rays showed joint space narrowing and osteophytes in all patients. Sclerosis was found in 2,4 [0-8] joints.A significant correlation was found between the number of osteophytes in both US and X-rays (p<0.001). Joint space narrowing was correlated to calcifications (p=0.003) and enthesophytes (p=0.039). X-rays subchondral cysts correlated with osteophytes (p=0.015) and calcifications (p=0.04) in US. No significant association was noted between sclerosis and US findings.ConclusionDespite the small study population, our results showed a significant match between US and X-ray in hand OA. This finding is likely to have practical implications for facilitating the diagnosis and the monitoring of hand OA.References[1]Kloppenburg M, Kwok WY. Hand osteoarthritis—a heterogeneous disorder. Nat Rev Rheumatol. Jan 2012;8(1):22‑31.[2]Zhang W, Doherty M, Leeb BF, Alekseeva L, Arden NK, Bijlsma JW, et al. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hand osteoarthritis: report of a task force of ESCISIT. Ann Rheum Dis. Jan 2009;68(1):8‑17.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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HIDAKA, Y., and R. NAKAMURA. "Progressive Patterns of Degenerative Arthritis in Scaphoid Nonunion Demonstrated by Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography." Journal of Hand Surgery 23, no. 6 (December 1998): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(98)80093-4.
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Degenerative arthritis following scaphoid nonunion was studied in 28 patients (29 wrists) using X-ray computed tomography and three-dimensional computed tomography (3-DCT). Degenerative changes were observed in 18 wrists with plain radiography and 27 wrists with 3-DCT. 3-DCT imaging more readily revealed osteophyte formation in osteoarthritis than plain radiography. 3-DCT images showed degenerative changes in the distal fragment of the scaphoid earlier than plain radiography. We found three stages of osteophyte formation in the radioscaphoid joint using 3-DCT. In the first stage, a linear osteophyte formed along the most radial portion of the distal fragment of the scaphoid. In the second stage, the radial styloid became pointed. In the third stage, the osteophyte on the distal fragment enlarged and lay over the dorsum of the radioscaphoid joint and other intercarpal joints.
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Nakadate, Hisaya, Akira Ishiguro, Kimikazu Matsumoto, Osamu Miyazaki, and Shunsuke Nosaka. "Annual Evaluations of MRI Findings of Hemophilia Arthropathy in 7 Years." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4683.4683.
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Abstract Objective Recently, hemophilia care has been advanced with regular factor VIII replacement (prophylaxis) to prevent or postpone joint damage. It have been needed an accurate monitoring system for the evaluation of hemophilic arthropathy. Conventional radiography has been used to objectively evaluate hemophilic arthropathy. However, it visualizes primarily bone lesions that appear late in the process of hemophilic arthropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) had been considered to accurately evaluate the early changes of these joint damages in hemophilic arthropathy. We present our experiences of 7 years annual MRI assessment of arthropathy of the Japanese children with hemophilia, who were treated with sencondary prophylaxis or on demand therapy in comparison with conventional radiographic assessment. Methods From 2007 to 2013, 10 children , 7 hemophilia A and 3 hemophilia B ,were enrolled in this study. One patient was treated with primary prophylaxis , 6 pts with secondary prophylaxis, 4 pts with on demand therapy. We made annual MRI and X ray examinations to of hemophilic arthropathy assessments of 37 joints (bilateral knees and ankles of every patient). We used a complete MRI protocol, including T1-weighted, T2*-weighted and short tau inversion recovery (STIR), GRE (gradient echo) T2*) sequences in all the joints. Assessmen of MRI was done with according to the compatible MRI scoring system (Haemophilia 2005, 11, 116 - 122), and X-ray radiographic assesment was according to the Pettersson system. Results The damage grade of MRI findings were severe damage grade ; 5 joints, moderate grade ; 4 joints, mild grade ; 21 joints, no damage ; 7 joints. The damage grade of two joint were reduced and that of one joint was increased in 7 years. The progressive joint damage was found in 11 years boy with severe hemophilia A and he had been treated with on demand therapy . Of the 173 studied joints, 49 (29.5%) had normal MRI findings, and 124 (70.5%) showed a various ranges of abnormalities. 58 joints (35.3%) had progressive damages in 7 years. Synovial hyperplasia and/or hemosiderin deposition was the main MRI findings in the affected joints (105/116, 90.5%). Cysts and/or erosions were the second in order finding (66/116, 56.9%). Although synovial hyperplasia was present, hemosiderin was not observed in 17 of 105 (16.2 %) joints, which suffered a few hemarthroses within the last 2 years. On X-ray radiographic evaluations, 57 of the 173 studied joints (34.3%) had a zero Pettersson score (0); however, 50% of them (29/57) presented with MRI alterations. The remaining 108 joints had radiological scores ranging between 2 and 13 points, nonetheless, in 70% (72/108) of cases MRI revealed more profound alterations than those observed by X-ray findings. Conclusion We considered that MRI assessment of patients' joints could identify the early changes of hemophilic arthropathy. But, this study is consisting of small numbers of joints observation, further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.