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1
Lynch, Jake. "--Published works on Peace Journalism." Thesis, City University London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485820.
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Michaels, Jennifer Dawn. "Disturbers of the Peace." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292242.
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Myint, Zin Mar. "Peace journalism and framing in the Northern Rakhine State of Myanmar." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35433.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Journalism and Mass Communications
Angela Powers
The country of Myanmar started political reforms in 2010. Along with the process of becoming more democratic, peace and reconciliation have become very important due to the decades-long civil wars that continue to rage between ethnic minority groups and Myanmar Army. The Myanmar media have the potential to play a huge role in national reconciliation. One conflict between the Muslim and the Buddhist of Rakhine State of Myanmar has gained international attention. Research shows that media play a destructive or constructive role in conflict resolution depending on which news frames they adopt in reporting. This uses the theoretic peace journalism perspective, in which media take a careful, consistent and conscientious approach to report stories that create opportunities for society at large and emphasizes non-violent responses to conflict (Lynch, 2008). Using mass media framing theory and existing peace journalism literature, this study investigates the prominence of war and peace journalism framing in the media coverage of an ongoing conflict in the Northern Rakhine State of Myanmar between a group of Muslims and Buddhists who inhabit the region. This study employed a comparative analysis to examine war and peace journalism frames from stories published in four newspapers; two from Myanmar, one from Bangladesh, and one from the U.S. The analysis was guided by Galtung’s (1986) classifications of peace and war journalism and operational definitions derived by Lee and Maslog (2005). Findings suggest that war journalism frames are dominant in the coverage of the Rakhine conflict regardless of media origin. Even though not statistically significant, the government-run newspaper from Myanmar was revealed to produce more peace journalism stories than the other three newspapers. There was a slight difference in coverage of the conflict between English-language and Burmese-language newspapers in terms of peace/war journalism framing. English news stories were more likely to be framed as war journalism than peace journalism. In addition, news stories produced by U.S. journalists and foreign news wire services such as the Associated Press and Reuters were more war-dominant than stories produced by local/regional journalists of Myanmar and Bangladesh. This study calls for international and local journalists to reevaluate their current conflict reporting practices to promote their positive roles in peace processes.
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Kabashi, Festina. "News Framing on Bosnian Conflict : Exploring the Peace and War Journalism Perspective." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-155576.
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This thesis involves an analysis based on the theory of peace and war journalism to show how these theories express themselves in a conflict area. By taking two major media outlets during the war in Bosnia – Borba (Struggle) and Open Broadcast Network (OBN) – as case study this thesis will explore the way war and peace journalism and the Galtung dichotomy function in practice. In order to better understand the substance of peace journalism, a qualitative content analysis of articles and reports was conducted. The local newspapers and TV broadcasts in the beginning of the war displayed a powerful war journalism framing whereas toward the end of the conflict the coverage of OBN – established with the assistance of international community – exposes a more hopeful peace journalism framing. The most outstanding peace journalism signs are: an unbiased approach, all-parties coverage, and avoidance of dehumanizing language. The war journalism frame is driven by a present focus orientation, a separation of good and evil and an elite angle. The literature on peace and war journalism puts forward the fact that the current media are a key concern to the media and public experts, combatants and contain a perceptive impact on shifting the focus to the conflict field. By using Galtung’s (1998) peace and war journalism frames indicators, Borba and OBN were tested to help see the difference between war and peace journalism in practice. Findings suggest that a third possibility exist, considering that both OBN and Borba have often shown merely objective-reporting signs without making themselves a good fit to Galtung’s dichotomous model of peace journalism. The belief that there is a clear distinction between peace and war journalism is theoretically derived, which was proved in the Bosnian case where the lines are blurred.
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Agö, Jenny. "Out of the dark : A qualitative field study of Kenyan reporters' role in the Somalia conflict." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77390.
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The purpose of this study has been to find out how Kenyan journalists look at their own role in the development of the Somalia conflict and how they work to make sure that they have a positive impact on the situation. The empirical material consists of seven semi-structured interviews with journalists who work in print- or broadcast media in the Kenyan capital Nairobi and who specialises in conflict reporting in general and Somalia more specifically. The interviews were summarised, analysed and presented in a thematic order, based on the initial research questions stated below: Do Kenyan journalists believe that they can help bring peace and stability in Somalia and if so, how? How do Kenyan journalists look at their own role in reporting about the Somalia conflict? How do Kenyan journalists reason when choosing subjects to report about, angles and sources? The result of the study is very clear: all journalists interviewed believe that they can help bring peace and stability in Somalia. Some even believe that without the media, there won’t be peace in Somalia. However, they look slightly different at their individual roles as reporters covering a conflict in a neighbouring country where their own nation is militarily involved. Some look at themselves as objective messengers that report the truth no matter the implications. Others are sensitive when it comes to showing pictures of dead people or publishing the number of casualties, afraid that it might stir up emotions and cause retaliatory attacks. One journalist stands out as the only one openly supporting a patriotic line that he believes is needed for the Kenyan military to defeat the enemy and in the end achieve peace and stability in the region. They all consider it difficult to remain objective when reporting from Somalia, since they most often need to work embedded with the troops for security reasons. African journalists need to highlight the plight of the Somali people and also report about the positive sides of the region, all journalists believe. It is important to paint a brighter picture of Somalia in order to bring new investments to the poor country. Also, they all emphasise the need to talk to the people of Somalia, to let them speak for themselves, because in the end, only Somalis can bring peace to their country.
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Cruikshank, Sally Ann. "Peace under Fire: Building the Media Agenda in Post-Genocide Rwanda." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1365154180.
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Hällgren, Linda. "Peace- and War Journalism : A critical discourse analysis of newspaper editorials on the topic of Iran's nuclear program." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57130.
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Weighton, Lisa. "The Ghost in the (News) Room: Peace Journalism and its Limits in Kenya's Complex Media Environment." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32571.
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This thesis explores how peace journalism (PJ) translates into practice in the Kenyan media environment. Through the personal accounts of practicing reporters in Kenya, this research reveals the challenges and opportunities Kenyan journalist-participants faced while covering the 2013 presidential election. Through their personal experiences, this research reveals reporters were working in an exceptionally challenging media environment; one significantly shaped by the 2007 election and post-election violence. Participants identified numerous constraints that shaped their reporting practices, including structural constraints within their newsrooms and societal constraints in relation to ethnic identity. This thesis concludes that PJ has yet to offer sufficient concrete or practical solutions addressing these influencing factors, largely because of an overestimation of the agency journalists possess. Therefore, this research validates an existing body of research that suggests there is a need for PJ to consider factors outside of journalists themselves, which may constrain their work. The objective of the research is not to discredit the value of the tools PJ offers, but rather draw attention to the notion that those tools alone are insufficient.
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Du, Toit Peter Andrew. "A study of South African journalists' perceptions of their roles in reporting on social conflict and how these relate to concepts of peace journalism." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011639.
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Set against a backdrop of ongoing social conflict in the country, this study sets out to explore how South African journalists understand their roles and responsibilities when it comes to reporting on conflict. The study seeks to determine whether journalists believe they have a constructive contribution to make in the peaceful management and resolution of social conflict. It also seeks to establish whether journalists see themselves as being able to contribute to creating conditions that can facilitate dialogue and constructive engagement. Furthermore the study aims to explore the extent to which the views and perceptions of South African journalists could be said to be consistent with the ideas put forward in the emerging field of peace journalism. In seeking to address these questions the study begins by identifying a core set of guidelines that could be said to characteristic of peace journalism. It then draws on in-depth interviews conducted with 12 experienced reporters to gain a sense of how journalists understand their roles. The 12 reporters were drawn from mainstream newspapers from South Africa’s main metropolitan areas. Following an analysis of these interviews the study found that many journalists see themselves as having a positive contribution to make towards peacemaking and peace building. However, these contributions, they argue, must be seen as the product of good reporting rather than as emanating from deliberate attempts to intervene in conflict. The study then contrasted the journalists’ perceptions with the principles and normative guidelines proposed by peace journalism and found that many of the journalists’ beliefs are consistent with peace journalism. It appears that, while they may not directly call themselves peace journalists, many of the reporters interviewed saw themselves as playing roles similar to those advocated by peace journalism.
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Temo, Sumbu. "Broadcasting Peace In CôTe D’Ivoire: What Happens After Democracy? : A case study of Côte d’Ivoire’s UN radio- ONUCI FM." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39642.
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This research will analyze the radio station ONUCI FM, UN’s peace radio in Côte d’Ivoire. The central focus is on journalists’ perception of their role as professional advocacy for peace and democracy. Personal interviews with five ONUCI FM-journalists provide the primary source of qualitative source. In light of the Security Council’s decision to end UN’s peacekeeping mission in Côte d’Ivoire in 2017 followed an uncertainty of ONUCI FM’s future before it was decided that the station would continue to broadcast under the Felix Houphouët-Boigny foundation. This research attempts to elucidate the consequences in similar previous cases. This research shows that the UN often lacks a long-term plan of how to handle their stations when their mission ends, thereby creating an indisputable journalistic vacuum where they previously operated. This research shows that few UN radios are capable of surviving without donations but that leaving abruptly may cause harm to the achieved peace. With the intention to provide a solution to the vacuum created after the UN this research explores the possibilities of citizen journalists filling the void after the organization’s withdrawal. This research argues that Citizen Journalism is a suitable substitute to Peace Journalism when UN radio stations stop broadcasting. Applied theories are Peace Journalism, Journalism ethics and Citizen Journalism. All theories are applicable in the analysis of journalists as nation builders, government partners, and agents of empowerment and also as watchdogs. In conclusion, the purpose of this research is to understand the journalist's own experience of working at ONUCI FM and to analyze if a radio station such as ONUCI FM, when no longer supported by the UN, can benefit of Citizen Journalism.
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Geigenberger, Laura. "“Seeing is believing ... ?” An exploration of photojournalism in war reporting and its conceptualization within the scope of War and Peace Journalism." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40884.
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Journalism is a profession which bears many social and political responsibilities. Particularly war correspondence is a challenging task for professional journalists and thus constitutes a decisive part in the academic field of Journalism Studies. In order to evaluate the role of journalitic conduct in times of war, it is commonly dichotomized into two opposing concepts known as War and Peace Journalism. The concepts are most often studied in connection with text-based journalism which is why scholars have been stressing the need to create a similar conceptualization for photojournalism – a profession with a great relevance in war correspondence. First research approaches resulted in models such as War and Peace Photography which, however, only considered the visual contents of photojournalistic documents. Yet, particularly the legacy of images can be dynamic – hence, subject to change over long periods of time – and consequently alter the reception and categorization of a news photograph as either a War and Peace document. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to explore the notion that many different aspects need to be taken into account before a fair and productive categorization of such documents can be offered. In addition to the method of visual analysis, it thus entails anempirical study in a triangulation setting in which photojournalistic material on the Vietnam War, the picturesʼ captions as well as their additional documentary material regarding the broader historical and political (e.g. published interviews, governmental documents, articles) will be analyzed in three consecutive steps: (1) The photos are assessed in terms of their War or Peace classification based on their visual impression; (2) the captures are analyzed content-analytically and put in relation with the visual observations; (3) the additional documentary material is explored to understand the picturesʼ social, political, and historical genesis. For the purpose of the latter, a new category system has been defined and assigned to the sample images. Findings indicate that a visual categorization of an image are not necessarily supported by its captions as well as the respective surrounding historical, political and social circumstances. Additionally considered context might contrast the most basic definitions of War and Peace Journalism. For example, the assessed cases of War Photojournalism were not used for “propaganda” purposes – an often-ascribed feature of War Journalism. From this, it can be concluded that visuals are only one of many factors which can impact the meaning and reception of an image and, as a consequence, its categorization. Sufficient conceptualizations of photojournalistic documents should thus consider not only what is obvious but also the experiences, actions, professional values and intentions of photojournalists within the images’ prehistory and aftermath, reasons for their publication, their reception by an audience, and external influences on their respective medium.
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Hansen, Maike. "Potential for Peace Journalism? : Exploring the factors that influenced the coverage of Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition protests." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-36945.
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The coverage of news media on conflicts increasingly became the subject of criticism, accused of sensationalism, oversimplification, and underrepresentation of certain issues. While recognizing that it is the journalists and editors that make choices regarding the collection and framing of the stories and accounts published in newspapers and digital media outlets, this thesis sets to understand these choices against the background of the web of structural constraints pertaining to professional, organizational, economic and political contexts of their work. Drawing on a theoretical perspective of Peace Journalism and Bläsi’s model of factors influencing conflict-coverage, this thesis explores what factors influenced the coverage of Hong Kong’s Anti-Extradition protests and how they can be seen as hindrances or facilitators for Peace Journalism. The study presents the results of a qualitative content analysis of material obtained through semi-structured expert interviews with four journalists who covered the protests on-site. The findings display that factors pertaining to the journalistic system, personal features of the journalist, lobbies, conflict situation on-site, public climate, and audience were playing a significant role in shaping the news production throughout the Anti-Extradition protests. A majority of these factors were identified as limiting rather than facilitating Peace Journalism. This study suggests that in order to have a relevant and lasting impact, Peace Journalism needs to formulate strategies that consider the realities journalists face on the ground and factors influencing conflict coverage that pose limitations to its practice.
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Karlsson, Josefine. "Krigsjournalistik : En kritisk diskursanalys av New York Times rapportering av kriget i Afghanistan 2001." Thesis, Örebro : Örebro University. School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:175140/FULLTEXT01.
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Weisman, Chad M. "Just Coverage and the Path to Peace: Reporting Operation Protective Edge in Haaretz, BBC Online, and The New York Times." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou148353082855729.
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Indradat, Arpapat. "Peace journalism and Thailand's southern insurgency : a comparative analysis of the conflict coverage in Bangkok Post and The Nation." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2015. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/24512/.
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Since 2004, Thailand has experienced a resurgence of violence in the three southern border provinces. This conflict has worsened the relationship between the majority Thais and the minority Muslims, with serious ramifications for the education, economy and health care system of the region. The Thai media have been blamed for exacerbating the situation, with critics claiming that newspapers reporting on the conflict often expresses prejudice, negativity and bias in providing only one side of the story. This thesis assesses these and related criticisms through the lens of ‘Peace Journalism’ in order to examine the guiding tenets of war journalism while, at the same time, exploring the basis to propose alternative approaches to reporting. In methodological terms, the empirical case study draws on a content analysis of pertinent coverage produced by two English-language newspapers (Bangkok Post and The Nation) reporting on the three major incidents during the first year of the southern conflict as well as semi-structured interviews with journalists and editors in order to better understand how and why they present the conflict in the ways that they do. Key findings indicated that the coverage of the two English-language newspapers shared the same main elements of war and peace journalism, with the former's emphasis on elite interests, visible effects of war, and a here and now perspective, and the latter's emphasis on multiparty-orientations, victim-centred priorities, and the causes and consequences of the conflict. Both newspapers relied firstly on the 'elite' group as main news actors and news sources, with a secondary focus on 'people', which suggests that the voices of people affected by the incidents were not neglected in their reportings. The analysis of labels revealed that, compared to Bangkok Post, which tended to use labels with neutral terms, The Nation used wider range of labels that include both emotive and negative terms. In sum, the study revealed surprising evidence of more peace journalism elements in the conflict coverage. This is because both newspapers under scrutiny perform objective journalism that involves investigative reporting and the engagement of all sides in the coverage. In addition, the situation of the three incidents affected the war and peace approaches in the coverage, see from the increasing trend of peace journalism over the course of three incidents. The semi-structured interviews revealed that the organisational principles and the format of the newspapers guided the way the journalists report the conflict. To improve the conflict coverage, journalists need support from their organisations in order to increase their level of expertise and experience in covering the southern conflict. The thesis concludes with recommendations on improving the quality of newspaper reporting on this conflict.
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Moiloa, Makhotso Mamasole Ruth. "The construction of news texts on 'peace' an analysis of Sunday Times' coverage of the Peace Summits in the Democratic Republic of Congo (August 1998 - January 2001)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002922.
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This study examines the construction of news texts on peace and the peace process in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in Sunday Times articles dating from August 1998 to January 2001. Peace is an ideological frame that is applied to a complex process that Muller (2000) argues involves and employs a variety of dynamics: diplomacy, economics, force/military intervention and propaganda. As a consequence, different interest groups and nations define peace in different ways. But whatever the definition, the common objective is to restore normalcy via a ceasefire. Peace as a phenomenon has been heightened and sustained by repetitive media attention, thus effectively separating it from international politics (i.e. colonialism of the mind, economy and land), and firmly locating it as a matter of not just public concern, but of international public concern. Using the cultural studies approach to a study of media texts provides a rich foundation for this study. Textual analysis of the articles explores themes and participation and places emphasis on the display of patterns of belief and value that are encoded in the language. What results is a sustained examination of media texts within their socio-cultural and historical context. This study s findings challenge the claim that the media report peace objectively and on its own terms. In particular, the study denies that the Sunday Times objectively, fairly and truthfully reported the experience and process in the DRC between August 1998 and January 2001. Instead it finds that the newspaper constructed a particular understanding of peace, peace talks and the peace process, characterised by repetition, ritualisation and personalisation. Furthermore, this study proposes - and echoes the call for - an alternative news reporting model that will enhance audiences understandings of conflict and its resolution, thereby enhancing the quality of their life.
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Bui, Thi Hong Nhung. "WAR/ PEACE JOURNALISM APPROACH IN VIETNAMESE ONLINE MEDIA COVERAGE OF SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE : An analysis of Mediated Vietnamese Public Diplomacy Messages." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-22982.
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This research aims at examining the Vietnamese online media’s framing of conflict, thereby highlighting the outstanding characteristics of peace journalism and war journalism frames available in the media of an Asian peripheral country when it covers conflicts with other core, more powerful nations. The study is inspired from an overarching hypothesis of a possible junction between peace journalism and public diplomacy as relevant theories have it that they are basically identical in one sense: both representing a form of message which carries the note of peace-rebuilding, solution-orientated and mutual understanding in the war context. That message is delivered through media to reach out the foreign publics, not only to gain benefits for national interests but also to point out a solution for peace and offer an opportunity to conflict-resolution talks. The events chosen for study are media analysis following two attacks in late May and early June, 2011 against two Vietnamese oil exploration vessels in the South China Sea in which China was the accused. Basing on the theories of peace journalism, public diplomacy and world system theory, the research hypothesized that Vietnamese online media’s framing of China throughout seven months May 1st to November 30th, 2011 is inclined towards peace journalism. Two research techniques were employed: Quantitative Content Analysis to find out the dominant frame of the Vietnamese online media when covering the two clashes between Vietnamese and Chinese ships; and Qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis to further examine what messages the media aspire to send to foreign publics and how these messages are crafted. Findings from the content analysis rejects the main hypothesis, showing that the Vietnamese online media still opted for the war journalism frame even though theoretical and empirical evidence confirms Vietnam’s soft, assuaging and non-provocative approach in its public diplomacy with China. CDA results however highlighted the characteristics of the Vietnamese online media’s war frame: very tactful and implicit. The negative China presentation and positive self-presentation of Vietnam cannot be clearly seen through the use of victimizing, dehumanizing and emotionalizing language, but through implications and presuppositions hidden in the sentences. The implied messages that the Vietnamese online media want to send out the foreign publics portray China as a perverse bully neighbor and a two-faced partner, defying international law and breaking regional peace. Meanwhile, Vietnam is portrayed as a tolerant victim of China – its own friend and as a noble, forgiving friend of China. These messages are presented in the media by a very flexible, diplomatic and reconciliatory language so as to create an enemy scene with China. The study confirms the value and applicability of the theories selected and findings from previous studies. It also inspires future studies on expanding public diplomacy and peace journalism theories to make it more applicable to media of similar state structure or those in Asia./.
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Youssef, Ahmed. "A Critical Analysis on Media Coverage of the Egyptian Revolution : The Case of Al-Ahram, Al-Masry Al-Youm, The Telegraph and The Washington Post." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-24079.
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The Egyptian protest movement which brought down the Egyptian regime headed by President Hosni Mubarak, not only gripped the minds and hearts of the Egyptians, but it captured the interest of the national and international media as well. The research aims at answering questions related to the kind of frames employed in four newspapers; namely, Al-Ahram, Al-Masry Al-Youm, The Telegraph and The Washington Post, in light of the protest paradigm, in addition to the way the same four newspapers tried to explore and identify the characteristics of war and peace journalism, according to Galtung’s dichotomous model, not to mention to trace how the four newspapers in hand depicted the protesters. To achieve this, two methods were applied in this study; notably, frame analysis, and critical discourse analysis. A sample of 60 news articles and editorial pieces was thoroughly examined and taken from the aforementioned four newspapers. The derived non-random samples were covering the events of the Egyptian Revolution from the eruption on January 25, till February 17, 2011; means one week after toppling the regime and the resignation of the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak on February 11, 2011. The study revealed that the national newspapers; Al-Ahram and Al-Masry Al-Youm, were more prone to accentuate protesters’ acts of violence, albeit Al-Ahram showed a propensity toward using official sources at the expenses of voicing protesters, compared to Al-Masry Al-Youm. However, The Telegraph’s and The Washington Post’s coverage was more shifting away from the protest paradigm. Similarly, the national newspapers in hand, were leaning more towards war-reporting; resorting to victimizing language in addition to a language of good and bad dichotomous, not to mention to abstain from exposing the untruth of all parties involved. However, The Telegraph and The Washington Post were adhering to peace-reporting; using extensively people sources and exposing the black and whites of all parties in the problem, in addition to taking the side of protesters and depicting them positively. From the findings, the study may reach a conclusion that the more a newspaper’s coverage adheres to the protest paradigm, the more it inclines to war-reporting. On the other hand, the more a newspaper’s coverage shifting away from the protest paradigm, the more it conforms to peace journalism.
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Shebib, Lisa A. "A case for peace photojournalism in Northern Ireland: A media content analysis." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17215.
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Contemporary studies of Peace Journalism have yet to examine how
photographs, as visual content captured by print media, fit within the model
of Peace Journalism. In this research, a content analysis of press images
was conducted using predefined methodology on newspaper coverage of the
annual July 12th Drumcree Parades (Marching) in Portadown, Northern
Ireland, during the pre-, intra-, and post-peace process that occurred
between 1996 and 2000. In most newspapers, the proportions of both
violent/aggressive and nonviolent/non-peaceful content were higher in the
relatively peaceful period of 2000, as compared to their proportions in at least
one of the other ‘violent’ years of 1996 and 1998. No overall trend in content
was observed in relation to the level of violence across 1996 to 2000. During
this period, media practice in Portadown, Northern Ireland did not support the
publication of newspaper commensurate with actual level of violence in the
Northern Ireland or the depictions of peace building and the peaceful
resolution of conflict. The implications of these findings for the development
of ‘Peace Photojournalism’ are explored.
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Andersson, Sandra. "Putting Peace in the Frame : Alternative US Media Framing of the War in Syria." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39144.
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The central question of this thesis is, how has the alternative US media framed the war in Syria? The analytical approach is informed by recent scholarly debate regarding peace journalism and constructive journalism. The framings of the war in Syria have been studied in three alternative US online news sources through a qualitative content analysis. The news sources are Truthout, The Progressive and Common dreams. Results show that these alternative US media has framed the war in line with characteristics of peace journalism and constructive journalism. This tendency departs from how the conflict is regularly framed in mainstream US media. The three studied media have for example promoted diplomatic and peaceful solutions to the war in Syria and tend to give voices to people that are not part of the US political elite.
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Akinro, Ngozi. "MEDIA AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: ANALYSIS OF WAR AND PEACE FRAMES IN THE BOKO HARAM CRISIS COVERAGE." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1200.
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While the media are known as information and entertainment source, some scholars (e.g. Galtung, 2002; Lynch, 2014) have also proposed peace advocacy as one of the concerns of journalism. This study provides an insightful account of a complex conflict- the Boko Haram conflict, in northern Nigeria. Boko Haram is an Islamic fundamentalist group that operates out of north-eastern Nigeria. With the Boko Haram conflict as the focus of analysis, this study examines conflict reporting strategies against the backdrop of the peace and war journalism model proposed by a Norwegian scholar, Johan Galtung. Galtung looked at the dichotomy in conflict coverage and views war and peace journalism as two varying frames in the coverage of conflicts. The study also examines national versus international media practices in the coverage of an intra-national conflict. Through content analysis this study concentrates on the coverage of the Boko Haram crisis in Nigeria over a 16- month period by two Nigerian national dailies, Vanguard and Punch, and two United States’ dailies, New York Times and Washington Post, from February 1st 2014 to May 29th 2015. It considers the extent to which the newspapers covered the crisis based on war and peace frames as well as the dynamic nature of the coverage. Furthermore, this study also investigates whether the newspapers showed exclusivity in coverage towards war journalism or towards peace journalism or a combination of both. Within the period considered for this study, Boko Haram kidnapped about 300 girls from the Chibok High School, of whose fate uncertainty still prevailed as at the time of writing this dissertation. The study found that the Boko Haram crisis was represented in the newspapers examined as a thematic issue. However, the newspapers did not provide sufficient contextual and background information about the crisis. The media did not play active roles towards conflict management, as advocated by Galtung, and were involved in partisan reporting of incidents in the crisis. This study therefore makes a significant contribution to the debate about objectivity in news reporting and the role of the media for societal good.
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Arvidsson, Joel. "Coffee, Cocaine and Kidnappings : Swedish media's portrayal of the Colombian conflict." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, JMK, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157070.
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The Colombian society is heading towards a new political dawn with the signing of the peace accord between the government and the Marxist guerrilla Farc in 2016. The civil war between the guerrilla and the Colombian state broke out in the 1960´s, and has gathered a lot of media attention over the years. This thesis will focus on how Swedish media has portrayed the conflict, and what frames they are using – a frame that is focusing on peace or a frame that focus on war? The study will be carried out with a qualitative content analysis method based on Johan Galtung’s Peace Journalism theory, examining 148 articles published by Svenska Dagbladet, Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Expressen on the subject of the Colombian conflict during the years 1995, 2002, 2009 and 2017.
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Cardoso, Anelise Zanoni. "Jornalismo para paz ou para a guerra : o refugiado na cobertura jornalística brasileira." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/105023.
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O refúgio faz parte de uma trajetória histórica da humanidade, na qual o mundo moderno ainda resiste em adaptar-se. A figura do refugiado surge em uma paisagem social que se opõe às diferenças e, neste cenário, o discurso jornalístico, tomado como acontecimento e realidade sobre o fenômeno, constrói espaços limitados que restringem sua função social, estreitando realidades, identidades e significados. Sob tal perspectiva, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal compreender como a cobertura jornalística brasileira participa da construção do refugiado, apresentando-o a partir de elementos que enfatizam a guerra e/ou a paz. Para isso, utiliza-se como ponto de partida o jornalismo para paz, teoria criada por Johan Galtung, a qual seria capaz de tecer novos valores para o trabalho jornalístico. Sob a luz do conceito, a disciplina poderia atuar colaborando para a integração local destes sujeitos, bem como levantando possibilidades para a repatriação voluntária e o reassentamento, consideradas soluções duráveis da causa. Para chegar a um denominador comum, utilizamos como método a análise de conteúdo de 98 textos publicados por jornalistas brasileiros nos veículos Correio Braziliense, Folha de São Paulo, O Globo e Zero Hora durante os dez anos que sucederam os ataques terroristas de 2001. O estudo constrói um panorama sobre a imprensa brasileira e revela que, por encontrarem na violência e na vitimização o principal atrativo, as empresas jornalísticas apreendem o assunto com indiferença, apresentando o refugiado como ator social estereotipado e de caráter ameaçador. O que desponta no conteúdo brasileiro, então, não é uma realidade voltada para paz.The refuge phenomenon is part of a historical trajectory of humanity in which modern world still resists to adapt itself. Refugees emerge in a social landscape that opposes to differences and, in this context, the journalistic discourse, taken as happening and reality on the cause, builds up limited spaces that restrict its social function inside the phenomenon, narrowing realities, identities and meanings. According to this perspective, this research aims to understand how the Brazilian journalistic coverage takes part on the construction of refugees, presenting them by means of elements that emphasize war and/or peace. To do so, it is used the peace journalism theory, by Johan Galtung, which should be able to create new values for the journalistic work. Under this paradigm, the field could work collaborating to the social integration of these people, as well as raising possibilities for voluntary repatriation and resettlement, considering long term solutions to the cause. To get to a common ground, the method used was the content analysis of 98 texts that were published by Brazilian journalists at the newspapers Correio Braziliense, Folha de São Paulo, O Globo and Zero Hora during the ten years that followed the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks. With an innovative characteristic, this study builds up an image of the Brazilian press and reveals that, for finding in violence and in victimization its main attraction, journalism companies treat the subject with indifference, presenting refugees as stereotyped and threatening social actors. What comes up in the Brazilian content, then, is not a reality based upon peace.
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Cothrel, Maxwell M. "Up in the Air: My Chuck Overby Story." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1366913647.
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Andreasson, Tobias Martin English Media & Performing Arts Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Human rights obligations and Australian newspapers: a media monitoring project, using peace journalism to evaluate Australian newspaper coverage of the 2004 HREOC report regarding children in detention centres." Publisher:University of New South Wales. English, Media, & Performing Arts, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41211.
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This research thesis investigates news journalists?? role in the promotion and protection of peace and human rights. I explore how news journalists do not just have the ability, through the discursive selections they make, to be a catalyst for peace and non-violent solutions, it is their obligation under international human rights. My study links arguments about universal ethics for media based on international human rights with the practical and analytical approach of ??peace journalism??. The main argument rests on the idea that objectivity or impartiality in news journalism does not equal ethical neutrality since there is always a discursive selection made by the news journalists. In order to monitor whether news journalists discursive selections comply with the international human rights obligations, I have explored how the Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission (HREOC) report A Last Resort? were covered in three Australian newspapers when it was published in 2004. The HREOC report was a testament of human rights abuses by the Australian Federal Governments towards children in Australian detention centres. I establish that health professionals were a significant group for both HREOC??s main findings and recommendations and a key group for the contextualisation of the human rights violations explored and exposed in the HREOC report. Informed by conflict analysis and peace studies theories I argue HREOC establish how the detention policy equals ??structural violence?? that caused ??direct violence??, which was justified and normalised because ??cultural violence??. I use discourse analysis to explore the discursive selections in the newspapers, and establish that the report received limited coverage and health professionals were omitted in the news while the political conflict was reported. This trivialised the report and health professionals?? role, which led to the naturalisation and normalisation of the violence. I finally reinforce these finding by exploring alternatives to the coverage using a peace journalism framework, which further clarifies the subjective nature of the discursive selection.
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Lövgren, Daniel, and Tatiana Makarova. "Krig och fred -080808 : Freds-, krigsjournalistik och propaganda i mediernas rapportering om Georgienkriget: en komparativ studie av Sveriges, Rysslands och USA:s press." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-5550.
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Abstract
Title: Krig och fred - 080808. Freds-, krigsjournalistik och propaganda i mediernas rapportering om Georgienkriget: en komparativ studie av Sveriges, Rysslands och USA:s press. (War and peace – 080808. Peace Journalism, War Journalism and Propaganda in the Media´s Reporting on the Georgia War: a Comparative Study of the Swedish, Russian and American Press.)
Authors: Daniel Lövgren & Tatiana Makarova
Tutor: Anna Roosvall
Course: Bachelor Thesis: Media and Communication, PR
Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to compare how the press in Sweden, Russia and the USA reported on the war in Georgia 2008. Focus is put on identifying the extent to which the reporting is governed by war journalism or peace journalism and, to which degree propaganda, that is one of the aspects of war journalism, is present in the different countries press.
Methodology: Quantitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis
Theoretical perspectives: The essay leans on the theoretical foundation of peace journalism and war journalism proposed by the Norwegian peace researcher Johan Galtung, further elaborated by the journalists Jake Lynch and Annabel McGoldrick. This essay also uses a theoretical framework on propaganda, among other the “Propaganda model” by Herman and Chomsky, the research of Kempf and Loustarinen and journalistic observations of Lynch and McGoldrick.
Conclusions: The study reveals both similarities and differences between the reporting on the Georgia war in the analyzed countries. The quantitative content analysis of 600 articles in nine different newspapers (three in each country) shows that it is the war journalistic framework that is dominating in all the three countries. The results also show that there is a difference between the support given to the parties involved in the war. In the USA and Sweden the majority of the articles are pro-Georgian and in Russia the majority of the articles take pro-South Ossetian/Russian stance. The critical discourse analysis of eight articles have shown similarities and differences in scale, design, content and the presence of propaganda. Indicators of propaganda in the analyzed material include a breakdown of the actors in the war to two opposing parties, a polarization between “us” and “them” where the first is humanized and the later demonized, a wide use of elite sources.
Keywords: Peace journalism, war journalism, propaganda, Georgia war, South Ossetia, Swedish press, Russian press, American press
The Caucasus Project
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Noorzai, Roshan. "The Role of Media in the Framing of the Afghan Conflict and the Search for Peace." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1343658475.
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Häggmark, Jenny, and Madeleine Jansson. "Kriget i Afghanistan - ett nödvändigt ont? : En kritisk diskursanalys av New York Times ställningstagande till och framing av kriget i Afghanistan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-167152.
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Abstract Title: The war in Afghanistan – a necessary evil? (Kriget i Afghanistan – ett nödvändigt ont? En kritisk diskursanalys av New York Times ställningstagande till och framing av kriget i Afghanistan) Number of pages: 41 (41 including enclosures) Authors: Jenny Häggmark, Madeleine Jansson Tutor: Christian Christensen Course: Media and Communication Studies C Period: Fall term 2011 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University Purpose/aim: Our main goal with this paper is to examine and describe how The New York Times have framed the war in Afghanistan in their editorials, and how their position on the war is reflected in the editorials. We are also interested in finding out if their position on the war has changed during the ten years of war. Are the New York Times editorials characterized by peace or war journalism? Material/Method: To fulfill our aim with this paper we are going to use a qualitative method of content analyzes, the critical discourse analysis, when we analyze the editorials selected. The material consists of 40 editorials from The New York Times from four different years – 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2011 – ten from each year. We will analyze these editorials using Johan Galtung’s theory of peace and war journalism, along with the theory of framing, using Robert M. Entman’s definition as a base. Main results: Our main results are that The New York Times has changed their position on the war in Afghanistan since it started in 2001. The first two years that we have analyzed, 2001 and 2004, The New York Times were positive towards the war. However, their position on the war has been negative or neutral in the studied editorials from 2007 and 2011. Our results show that The New York Times framed the war in six salient frames – position, peace, war, nation building/democracy in Afghanistan, “us and them”, and criticism against the Bush administration. The editorials from 2001 are characterized as war journalism while the majority of the editorials from the following years are characterized as peace journalism. Key words: War in Afghanistan, framing, peace journalism, war journalism, New York Times, editorials.
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Fornbrant, Tobias, and Alexander Israelsson. "Fredsjournalistik : - En kritisk diskursanalys av fyra svenska nyhetstidningars skildring av Georgienkriget i augusti 2008." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-14744.
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The purpose of this essay is to examine how peace journalism was expressed in Swedish newspapers´ reporting on the war in Georgia 2008. We did this by analyzing whether the reporting was elite- or people-orientated depending on how suffering was expressed and how the war players were described. The method we used was Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It was applied on news articles from four Swedish newspapers that covered three different happenings in the war in Georgia. We found out that the reporting was mainly elite-orientated, both when it comes to how suffering was expressed, as well as how the war players were described. The newspapers tended to focus on only one party’s suffering and one party as evil-doer, which is elite-orientated reporting and also an indication of war journalism rather than peace journalism.
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Dick, Bailey G. "“Is It Not Possible to Be a Radical and a Christian?” Dorothy Day Navigates thePatriarchal Worlds of Journalism and Catholicism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1526040503387041.
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Ezz, El Din Mahitab. "Beyond Orientalism and Occidentalism : Identity constructions in Arab and Western news media." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51936.
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This study examines how the media construct the identities of the Other by creating various ‘us’ versus ‘them’ positions (Othering) when covering non-violence-based intercultural conflicts in Arab and Western news media. Othering in this study is understood as an umbrella concept that in general terms refers to the discursive process of constructing and positioning the Self and the Other into separate identities of an ‘us’ and a ‘them.’ This process is analysed using a mixed method approach. A content analysis is used to map the data, and then a closer examination of the discourse is conducted using a qualitative approach inspired by critical discourse analysis. Two empirical studies are conducted based on this analysis: 1) the case of the Swedish newspaper Nerikes Allehanda’s publication of caricatures of the Prophet Mohamed in 2007 and 2) the media coverage of the headscarf ban in French state schools in 2004. This study also employs Galtung’s Peace Journalism model as a frame of reference in the conclusions to discuss how this model could contribute, if applied in journalistic texts, to more balanced constructions of intercultural conflicts. The results show that Othering is a central discursive practice that is commonly adopted in both Arab and Western media coverage of non-violent intercultural conflicts, but it appears in different forms. Many of the previous studies have devoted considerable attention to rather conventional dichotomous constructions of Eastern and Western Others. The present study, in contrast, brings to the fore more non-conventional constructions and, while recognizing the occurrence of the conventional constructions, goes beyond these binary oppositions of ‘us’ and ‘them’. Variations in the types of identity constructions found in my study can be attributed to the mode of the article, the actors/voices included, the media affiliations and the topic and its overall contextualization. The different types of identity constructions in the media coverage may bring about a less black and white understanding of an event and help bring forth a more nuanced picture of what is going on and who is doing what in a conflict situation. Their occurrence in the media can possibly be linked to a new vision of a global society that does not necessarily constitute homogenous groups with the same characteristics, but rather is more consistent with a hybrid identity. This research is timely, as with the recent arrival of large groups of migrants from the Middle East, the ‘fear of Islam,’ and the right wing propaganda regarding Muslims as a threat is increasing. Islamophobia can be seen as a new form of racism used by elites to serve particular agendas. If media practitioners applied a more critical awareness in their writings so as not to reproduce culturally rooted stereotypes, which can inflame conflicts between people and nations, we might see less hostility against migrants and achieve a less racist world.
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Sendra, Mestre Maria Assumpta. "Tractament de la Pau a la premsa escrita. Mediació i accions a favor de la pau davant dels conflictes a través de l’anàlisi de notícies internacionals a La Vanguardia, El País i Avui des del setembre de 2008 al setembre de 2009." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/63200.
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L'objectiu principal de la tesi és la descripció del tractament del concepte de pau a la premsa escrita, a partir de 360 notícies seleccionades de la secció internacional de tres diaris: LA VANGUARDIA, EL PAÍS i AVUI. Cada diari té un estil diferent d'enfocar aquest terna i per això es descriu el perfil deis tres diaris. El tractament de la pau obre un ampli camp d'estudi perquè el concepte "pau" ha existit sempre en el transcurs de la historia de la humanitat; s'han fet i es fan esforços per treballar a favor de la pau i per aconseguir-Ia a partir de diferents agents, des deis estaments polítics i ONG fins a la societat civil. Constatem que les accions de pau, que són moltes, són presents en la societat i en el món, però no són notícia prioritària en els mitjans de comunicació.
En I'àmbit del periodisme hi ha periodistes i informadors que fan ressaltar el sentit ètic de la professió i de la informació. El periodisme per la pau és considerat com una actitud que hauria d'afavorir una política d'informació promotora de pau, que contemplés els drets humans, i alhora els deures, i contribuís a resoldre molts deis conflictes reconeguts mundialment.
Després d'analitzar les notícies, es constata un concepte de pau més ampli, que fa referència a processos de pacificació com ara acords i negociacions de pau, entre d'altres, que han permès detectar els gestos de mediació i les accions concretes a favor de la pau davant deis conflictes.
Atesa I'extraordinària complexitat de les noticies seleccionades hem optat per c1assificar-les en set blocs temàtics: Estats Units, Orient Mitja, Àfrica, Amèrica Llatina, Àsia, Europa i Vaticà. Així es mostra una radiografia de les principals àrees relacionades amb els conflictes.
A la premsa escrita el concepte de pau apareix, sovint massa simplificat, per això presentem diferents pautes i criteris que contribueixen afer possible un periodisme per la pau.El objetivo principal de la tesis es la descripción del tratamiento del concepto de paz en la prensa escrita, a partir de 360 noticias seleccionadas de las secciones internacionales de tres periódicos: LA VANGUARDIA, EL PAÍS y AVUI. Cada periódico tiene un estilo diferente de enfocar este tema y por se describe el perfil de los tres periódicos. El tratamiento de la paz abre un amplio campo de estudio porque el concepto "paz" ha existido siempre en el transcurso de la historia de la humanidad; se han hecho y se hacen esfuerzos para trabajar a favor de la paz e intentar conseguirla a partir de diferentes agentes, desde los estamentos políticos y ONG hasta la sociedad civil. Constatamos que las acciones de paz, que son muchas, están presentes en la sociedad y en el mundo, pero no son noticia prioritaria en los medios de comunicación. En el ámbito del periodismo hay periodistas e informadores que hacen resaltar el sentido ético de la profesión y de la información. El periodismo por la paz es considerado como una actitud que debería favorecer una política de información promotora de paz, que contemplara los derechos humanos, y a la vez los deberes, y contribuyera a resolver muchos de los conflictos reconocidos mundialmente. Después de analizar las noticias, se constata un concepto de paz más amplio, que hace referencia a procesos de pacificación como acuerdos y negociaciones de paz, entre otros, que han permitido detectar los gestos de mediación y las acciones concretas a favor de la paz ante los conflictos. Dada la extraordinaria complejidad de las noticias seleccionadas hemos optado clasificarlas en siete bloques temáticos: Estados Unidos, Oriente Medio, África, América Latina, Asia, Europa y Vaticano. Así se muestra una radiografía de las principales áreas relacionadas con los conflictos. En la prensa escrita el concepto de paz aparece, a menudo demasiado simplificado, por eso presentamos diferentes pautas y criterios que contribuyen a hacer posible un periodismo por la paz.
The main objective of the present thesis is the description of the concept of peace in the press, out of 360 news selected from the international sections of three newspapers: LA VANGUARDIA, EL PAÍS and AVUI. Each newspaper has a different style of approaching this issue and the way we describe the profile of the three newspapers. The subject of peace opens a wide range of study, since the concept of "peace" has always existed in the course of the history of mankind; in addition, some efforts have been made and are still made to work for peace and to try to reach it outside of different actors, from political estates and ONG to civil society. We find that peace actions, which are many, are well present in our society and in the world, but they don't make big news in the media. In the field of journalism there are journalists and reporters that emphasize the ethical sense of the profession and the responsible information given to the general public. The journalism on peace issues is regarded as an attitude that should favor a policy to promote peace information, which takes into account the human rights as well as the human obligations that would contribute to resolve many well known worldwide conflicts. After analyzing the news, a broader concept of peace emerges; a concept that refers to pacification processes such as peace agreements and negotiations, among others, and which have identified mediation signs and concrete actions for peace in conflict situations. Given the extraordinary complexity of the selected news we have chosen, we classify them into seven thematic sections: USA, Middle East, Africa, Latin America, Asia, Europe and the Vatican, This just shows a first picture of the main areas related to conflict. In the press the concept of peace often appears oversimplified, for that reason we propose different guidelines and criteria that may contribute to make possible the journalism on peace.
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Norberg, Niklas. "Framing Mali : Swedish media portrayal of an armed conflict." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157058.
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Research has shown that news media reporting on foreign affairs tend to rely heavily on official sources (e.g. Schwalbe, 2013; Entman, 2004; Lawrence, 2009). This thesis analyse whether this is the case in Swedish news media reporting on the armed conflict in Mali, where Sweden has troops sanctioned by the UN. A more broader perspective is also analysed: How does the news media portray the armed conflict, and are there any differences between national daily newspapers (considered more “sober”) and national evening newspapers (considered more sensational)? An inductive framing analysis is used to identify frames not available in previous research. These frames, together with frames identified in other studies, are then used in a quantitative content analysis to measure to what extent the frames occur in the texts. Among the most important findings were that Swedish news media did in fact rely on Swedish official reporting to a large extent. The two evening newspapers, Aftonbladet and Expressen, used Swedish official sources in approximately 60% of their articles. The daily newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, used Swedish official sources in about 35% of their articles. The main source used was also analyzed: This showed that Swedish official sources were the most common, in between 23% to 62% of the articles. The second most used source differed, but were in the range 9% to 18%. Other important results of the main themes of the articles showed that direct actions of war and other types of violence were the most commonly used. Peace efforts/negotiations and life of Mali civilians were the least common. The thesis also concludes that while there are variables where the evening newspapers and the daily newspapers can be grouped in those categories, that is often not the case.
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Sandy, Jordan M. "Chinese Nationalism and the South China Sea." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1598620673257404.
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Mohammadi, Fereshteh. "Framing Kurdish Female Fighters : A qualitative content analysis of media representations of female fighters of Kobane in Arabic, Kurdish and Russian Media." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-39431.
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With the uprising of the Arab Spring in Syria in 2011, a myriad of news articles covering Syrian people' protests were published in the international media. However, it was after the Islamic State’s (IS) attacks on Syria and accordingly, Rojava region – the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, de facto Autonomous Region – in 2014, that the region became the attention center of the international media. A considerable number of academic articles have analyzed the representations of the Kurdish female fighters in the Western media in different angles, such as the framing of the female fighters, their motivations, their roles in the war etc. There may exist a limited number of academic papers analyzing the Kurdish female fighters from the non-Western media perspective which might present a different picture from that of Western media analysis. Applying framing theory in combination with a qualitative content analysis approach, this study is intended to explore the Kurdish female fighters’ framing in Arabic, Kurdish and Russian media, namely Al-Jazeera, ANF and RT, respectively. Moreover, orientalism theory, feminist theory on militarization and war, and war and peace journalism theory are implied to investigate the framing of the kurdish female fighters in the three media.
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Stagner, Annessa C. "From Behind Enemy Lines: Harrison Salisbury, the Vietnamese Enemy, and Wartime Reporting During the Vietnam War." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1212524985.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. Release of full electronic text on OhioLINK has been delayed until June 30, 2012. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-161)
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Santos, Phillip. "Representing conflict: an analysis of The Chronicle's coverage of the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe between 1983 and 1986." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002936.
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This research is premised on the understanding that media texts are discourses and that all discourses are functional, that is, they refer to things, issues and events, in meaningful and goal oriented ways. Nine articles are analysed to explicate the sorts of discourses that were promoted by The Chronicle during the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe between 1982 and 1986. It is argued that discourses in the news media are shaped by the role(s), the type(s) of journalism assumed by such media, and by the political environment in which the news media operate. The interplay between the roles, types of journalism practised, and the effect the political environment has on news discourses is assessed within the context of conflictual situations. This is done using insights from the theoretical position of peace journalism and its critique of professional or mainstream journalism as promoting war/violence journalism. Using the case of The Chronicle's reportage of the Gukurahundi conflict in Zimbabwe, it is concluded that, in performing the collaborative role, state owned/controlled media assume characteristics of war/violence journalism. On the other hand, it is concluded that The Chronicle developed practices consistent with peace journalism when it both espoused the facilitative role and journalistic objectivity. These findings undermine the conventional view among proponents of peace journalism that in times of conflict, the news media should be interventionist in favour of peace and that they should abandon the journalistic norm of objectivity which they argue, promotes war/violence journalism.
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DeBrosse, Jim. ""Lost in the Master's Mansion": How the Mainstream Media Have Marginalized Alternative Theories of the JFK Assassination." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1406818924.
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Cebula, Sharon. "Basic Life Skills: Essays and Profiles on Immigration in Akron, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1393403565.
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Briney, Carol E. "My Journey with Prisoners: Perceptions, Observations and Opinions." Kent State University Liberal Studies Essays / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1373151648.
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Dag, Haluk. "Peace journalism or war journalism? A comparative analysis of the coverage of Israeli and Turkish newspapers during the Gaza flotilla crisis." Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977030/4/DAG_MA_S2013.pdf.
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This thesis examines the peace journalism model, created by Johan Galtung in the 1970s, and argues that the model could be an alternative approach for the mainstream news media’s reporting practices, especially in times of conflict. In his model, Galtung presents peace journalism and war journalism as two competing frames in the news coverage of conflict. For the present study, I applied both textual analysis and quantitative content analysis to the coverage of the Gaza flotilla crisis of 2010 between Israel and Turkey in two English-language daily newspapers from Israel (The Jerusalem Post and Ha’aretz) and two from Turkey (Today’s Zaman and Hürriyet Daily News) between May 31st and June 30th 2010. The analysis showed that more than two-thirds of the articles could be classified as dominant war journalism framing, compared to slightly more than one-quarter as peace journalism. The analysis focused on the newspapers’ provocative role in the crisis, as well as the story types (news report, editorial, op-eds, etc.), the production source of stories, the indicators of peace and war journalism, and the relationships between these factors. Moreover, I examined the viability of the peace journalism model and tested its ways of telling stories through rewriting the articles used in the present case study. The thesis concludes that some principles of the model could be more easily adopted by journalists than others. However, without reforming the structural problems at the root of modern journalism, it is unlikely that the peace journalism model will gain wider acceptance.
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Melíšková, Iva. "Mírový versus válečný žurnalismus: etické aspekty reportování o mezinárodních konfliktech." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-386857.
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This thesis deals with the ethical aspects of reporting wars and conflicts. First of all, it defines the ethical principles in journalism and the ethical dilemmas that journalists face in the war as well as the rules enshrined in the ethical codes of the media. Afterwards it focuses on the specifics of international conflict reporting and defines two ways to deal with it. These are, as the title suggests, war journalism, which emphasizes violence, the aspects of warship itself and the elites, and peaceful journalism, which focuses on civilians, deescalation of violence, and peace-related solutions. In the practical part, this work aims to find and define individual signs of peace and war journalism in reporting of global news media. Finally, the characteristics of these two approaches undergo a comparative analysis to find out what ethical rules apply to these approaches and what extent they differ. Analyzed media are Reuters and AFP news agencies and the British print media and their internet versions The Guardian and The Telegraph. Selected conflicts include the 2008 South Ossetian war and the Pillar of Defense, a conflict in the Gaza Strip dating back to 2012.
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Koptišová, Evelína. "Rámcování mise EU v Mali." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404602.
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This paper examines how the Czech press reported on EUTM in Mali in 2012-2018, how it was reported by responsible political institutions and how the communicated content differed. In both cases, the predominance of episodic framing was confirmed. Concerning the generic frames, conflict and responsibility frames prevailed. While there have been some characteristics of peace journalism in the press, it is not enough to qualify the media as performing peace journalism in general. In the communication of the Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic and the Army of the Czech Republic, it was possible to observe a tendency to "humanize" some of the stories, especially by describing the everyday activities of soldiers. The Czech Republic's participation in the EU mission was most often associated with the Common Foreign and Security Policy and with general security aspects. In addition to the media and institutional agenda of the conflict in Mali, the work also reflects on the analytical usefulness of the concept of peace journalism.
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Prchlík, Václav. "Mediální rámcování konfliktu na Ukrajině - komparace komunikátů vládních serverů Německa a Ruské federace ve světle teorie mírového žurnalismu." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357940.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis called "Media framing of the Ukrainian conflict - articles comparison of German and Russian governmental servers concerning the theory of peace journalism" focuses on the extent, to which differ news coverage of Russian progovernmental webpage rt.com and German progovernmental webpage dw.com. It also researches how much these media contribute to potential escalation and de-escalation of the conflict. These results are gained by implementation of the concept of peace and war journalism into analysed articles. Thanks to quantitative and qualitative analyses methods, the research showed that the coverage of the Ukrainian conflict differs in both media. They vary primarily in the extent of contextual insight into the issue, in thematic contents of articles and in descriptions of parties involved in the conflict. Neither of these two media however can be associated with the practice of war or peace journalism according to the findings. They proved to choose certain aspects of the reality and increase its meaning in their articles, but the amount of such interventions cannot be interpreted as inclination to war or peace journalism.
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Krčková, Anna. "Rámcování události Great March of Return v českých online médiích." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435530.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis deals with coverage of the Great March of Return event in selected Czech online media (Aktuálně.cz, Echo24, Haló noviny, iDNES, iRozhlas, Lidovky, Novinky.cz). Demonstrations erupted in early March of 2018, with the goal of returning Palestinians to their historical territories of Israel. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with concept of framing and also expands on the often neglected visual framing. It then covers role of war photography in the media, addresses crisis of photojournalism and provides historical and political context of the Great March of Return. The research part uses concept of framing and aims to analyze way in which Czech online media interpreted researched Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For a more comprehensive insight into this issue, thesis deals with both verbal and textual content, which is examined at the same time or compared with each other. For the possibility of testing different perspectives, diploma thesis uses both quantitative and qualitative framing methods.
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Žilková, Věra. "Reflexe účasti Armády České republiky na misích NATO a EU v českém a zahraničním tisku." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321552.
Full textAbstract:
The master thesis examines the war reporting of two Czech dailies (Mladá fronta DNES and Právo), specifically their coverage of the Czech Army mission and deployment in Afghanistan. In the theoretical part the quality of reporting, topic and factors that influence the journalist work are considered. A major theme is the relationship of media and political elites and some of its manifestations - the CNN effect connected with the media and public push on the departure of US military from Vietnam, and peace- journalism a concept of reporting on wars by exploiting more themes like reconstruction and peaceful solutions rather than war and combat. The quantitative analysis aims to verify these phenomenon in the Czech media. This is done mainly by analysing the reports sources and looking for the presence of three frames derived from the theoretical literature on this topic: heroic framing applied on Czech soldiers, national framing reflecting the national interests, and humanitarian and development aid framing.
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Machado, Ana Cristina da Silva. "Jornalismo para a Guerra?: A crise migratória venezuelana no Brasil como estudo de caso." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7493.
Full textAbstract:
A explosão no número de pedidos de refúgio por parte dos venezuelanos no Brasil entre
2015 e 2018 e a entrada em massa deles pela fronteira norte do país abriu a discussão
para a forma com que o assunto foi abordado pela imprensa brasileira. Ganhando
destaque apenas após um caso de violência extrema, o tema passou a aparecer com mais
regularidade na mídia e a “construção” da figura do refugiado no imaginário do leitor
passou a ser feita a partir da realidade criada pelo discurso jornalístico. Desta forma,
identificaremos como foi feita essa construção pela imprensa brasileira -
especificamente pelo jornal Folha de S. Paulo - através de elementos que enfatizam a
guerra ou a paz. Usa-se como base para esta demanda as teorias de Jornalismo para a
Guerra e Jornalismo para a Paz criadas por Johan Galtung. Mais especificamente,
buscou-se identificar a ausência de Jornalismo para a Paz e a predominância de notícias
que carregam em seu conteúdo uma atmosfera conflitiva, imediatista e estereotipada do
venezuelano recém-chegado ao país, o que caracteriza Jornalismo para a Guerra. A
metodologia usada foi a análise documental e pesquisa bibliográfica e, em seguida, o
conceito de análise de conteúdo a partir de análise de dados recolhidos em 36 textos do
referido jornal no mês de agosto de 2018. Verificou-se com este estudo o predomínio de
conteúdos que associam o refugiado à violência e os vitimiza, o que acaba vinculando a
denominação com uma imagem de pessoas sempre beneficiárias de ajuda e nunca
responsáveis pelo seu próprio desenvolvimento. O jornal mais lido do país pratica, ao
menos nesta questão específica de refúgio e imigração venezuelana no Brasil, um
jornalismo voltado para a guerra. Saber desta tendência coloca o leitor em posição de
estar mais atento às predisposições do jornal e provoca a reflexão sobre como o discurso
jornalístico poderia ser usado como ferramenta para a prevenção de conflitos e para a
construção de um ambiente mais pacífico e inclusivo.The increase on numbers of Venezuelans seeking refuge in Brazil between 2015 and 2018 and the large number of them crossing the northern border of the country opened the discussion about how this subject was approached by the Brazilian press. Highlighted just after a case of extreme violence, the theme started to appear more regularly in the media, and the "construction" of the refugees' illustration in the reader's imaginary passed to be done starting from the reality created by the journalistic speech. This way, we will identify how such construction was made by the Brazilian press - specifically by the newspaper Folha de São Paulo - through elements that emphasize war or peace. In order to do that, it was used the theories of War Journalism and Peace Journalism created by Johan Galtung. More specifically, the goal is to identify the absence of Peace Journalism and the predominance of news that carry in its content a conflictive, immediatist and stereotyped point of view of the Venezuelans in the country, which characterizes War Journalism. The methodology used was the documental analysis and bibliographical research and, after that, the concept of content analysis of data collected in 36 texts of the referred newspaper in August/2018. It was verified with this study the prevalence of a content that associates refugees with violence and victimizes them, which ends up linking the denomination to the image of people who are always aided and never responsible for their own development. The most read Brazilian newspaper practises, at least in this specific subject of refugees and Venezuelan immigration, a journalism with elements of war. Knowing this tendency puts the reader in a position to be more attentive to the pre-arrangements of the newspaper and make the reflection about how journalism could be used as a tool for conflict prevention and building an inclusive and peaceful world.
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Hroch, Jaroslav. "Napomáhá mediální pokrytí porozumění konfliktu? Redefinice konceptu mírové novinařiny a analýza českého zpravodajství o Kypru a Náhorním Karabachu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405077.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to theoretically sound concept of Peace Journalism, which combines theoretical foundations from two spheres: conflict and peace studies and media studies. Influence of journalists as intervening force and explaining factor with regard to (violent) conflict is neglected. However, Peace Journalism is not theoretically strong and builds upon dualistic definition vis-á-vis so-called War Journalism. The concept of Peace Journalism has to overcome this delamination in order to reflect theoretical underpinnings of conflict transformation theory and conflict analysis. Moreover, Peace Journalism has to differentiate media according to an involvement of given societies in a conflict. This offers an opportunity to specifically and accurately analyse news coverage of conflicts. Case studies analysing Czech coverage of Cyprus and Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts illustrates this approach. The coverage is essentially flat, distorts a reality of the conflict, pays attention to visual and physical aspects of the conflict and closes the conflicts in arbitrary time boundaries.
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Picassinos, Carlos José Vieira. "Imprensa e direitos fundamentais em contextos híbridos: O estudo de caso Hong Kong Free Press." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20697.
Full textAbstract:
Nesta dissertação procuramos analisar o projecto do Hong Kong Free Press à luz das
transformações em curso na esfera pública desta Região Administrativa Especial da
República Popular da China. Pretendemos indagar o modelo de jornalismo e de
financiamento seguido por este media digital num contexto político híbrido marcado por uma
acelerada turbulência social e institucional. Partimos da hipótese de que o sistema mediático
de Hong Kong experimenta um processo de degradação por efeito das tensões imanentes ao
princípio “um país, dois sistemas”, apesar da subsistência de um regime de garantias formais
herdadas do ordenamento jurídico britânico. Socorremo-nos da consulta de material
emprírico relacionado com o projecto editorial. Pretendemos, em primeiro lugar, saber de que
modo tem sido possível cumprir, na esfera digital, as tradicionais funções sociais do
jornalismo e como tem respondido às aspirações de sectores demo-liberais em perda na esfera
pública formal. Em segundo lugar, analisamos o modelo de negócio construído pelo Hong
Kong Free Press para identificar formas operativas de financiamento em contextos de
desvantagem para um jornalismo plural e independente. Analisamos, também, a produção e
as opções editoriais na tentativa de compreender como se materializa o compromisso éticosocial
do projecto. Destas aproximações, permitimo-nos concluir que graças ao modo como
tem sabido beneficiar de condições virtuosas próprias da esfera pública local, o modelo
HKFP tem conseguido subsistir num contexto político e comercial cada vez mais adverso.In this thesis, we seek to analyse the Hong Kong Free Press project reflecting on transformations currently affecting the public sphere of this Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. We aim to examine the journalism and funding model espoused by this digital media in a hybrid political context marked by accelerated social and institutional turmoil. We defend the idea that Hong Kong’s media system is undergoing a process of degradation due to tensions inherent to the “one country, two systems” principle, despite the continuation of a regime inherited from the British legal system that formally guarantees rights. We draw on empirical material linked to the editorial project. Firstly, we aim to understand how it has been possible to fulfil journalism’s traditional social roles in the digital sphere, and how these have responded to the aspirations of liberal democratic sectors losing representation in the formal public sphere. Secondly, we scrutinize the business model built by the Hong Kong Free Press in order to identify operational forms of financing in contexts hostile to a plural and independent type of journalism. We also examine the outlet’s production and editorial choices in the attempt to understand how the project’s ethic and social commitment takes shape. In keeping with the above, we conclude that the HKFP model has managed to survive in an increasingly adverse political and commercial context thanks to the ways it chose to deploy the virtuous conditions of the local public sphere.