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Journal articles on the topic 'Journalism for peace'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Gouse, Valerie, Mariely Valentin-Llopis, Stephen Perry, and Beryl Nyamwange. "An investigation of the conceptualization of peace and war in peace journalism studies of media coverage of national and international conflicts." Media, War & Conflict 12, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635218810917.

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According to Galtung’s articles ‘On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace’ (1986) and ‘High road, low road: Charting the course for peace journalism’ (1998), war journalism and peace journalism are two competing frames when reporting news on war and conflict. War journalists reactively report on conflict in a way that propagates violence, victory, and an elitist orientation. On the contrary, peace journalists proactively report on the causes of and solutions to a conflict, giving voice to all parties through responsible, empathetic journalism. By searching databases for multiple examples of qualitative and quantitative literature on peace and war journalism, new paths to best practices of how scholars articulate and measure the concepts of peace and war using content analysis methods can be found. This article reports on studies published in peer-reviewed journals that investigate the attributes of peace and war as they are conceptualized by scholars analyzing newspaper articles, television broadcasts, and radio reports within the context of peace journalism. Results suggest the majority of peace journalism studies examine media surrounding direct violence as it is occurring, and assess it most often by using the war/peace indicator of elite-oriented versus people-oriented.

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2

Botes, Johannes (Jannie). "Peace Journalism." Journal of Peace Research 44, no. 1 (January 2007): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002234330704400119.

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3

Galtung, Johan. "Peace Journalism." Media Asia 30, no. 3 (January 2003): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2003.11726720.

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4

Tehranian, Majid. "Peace Journalism." Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 7, no. 2 (April 2002): 58–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081180x0200700205.

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5

Ibrahim, Faridah, Normah Mustaffa, Fauziah Ahmad, Chang Peng Kee, and Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud. "Peace journalism." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 23, no. 2 (December 18, 2013): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.23.2.07ibr.

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The dilemma between war and peace has often created continuous debates among many people even though their countries are not involved in the act of war. What they see on television or read on the Internet and in the newspapers are enough to incite emotions and feelings. Some took to the streets and joined street demonstrators who demonstrate against the act of aggression and war in certain countries. While others, would be glued to the television or the Internet, following minute details on the act of war and silently condemning the perpetrators of war. There are also groups of individuals who are indifferent to what is happening around them. In other words, people react to war news in many ways. Moreover with the potential of the mass media to provide neutral and objective reporting of war and peace, one may ask, how do the media perform in times of conflicts and war. Based on a survey of the Malaysian audience, this paper tries to dwell into how the people of a non-warring country like Malaysia, perceives the act of war. To what extent do they see the role of the media in propagating peace and how do they conceptualise the notion of Peace Journalism.

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6

Isma, Asad. "PENGEMBANGAN KEILMUAN PROGRAM STUDI JURNALISTIK ISLAM MELALUI MATA KULIAH PEACE JOURNALISM." Jurnal Dakwah Risalah 30, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jdr.v30i1.6450.

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This study offers a scientific development model for department of islamic journalism through the approach of peace journalism. Researchers see the importance of peace journalism to be introduced, understood and become the basis of journalistic work of journalists, especially for students. This research uses mixed methods research method that is combining field research, literature and supplemented with online research. The importance of the scientific development of department of islamic journalism through peace journalism can be seen from the increasing need for journalism propositions. The scientific development strategy of the department of islamic journalism at UIN STS Jambi through the Peace Journalism Course starts from curriculum planning, preparation of practice facilities, and hands-on experience-based learning.

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7

Mitra, Saumava. "Socio-cultural contexts and peace journalism: A case for meso-level comparative sociological investigation of journalistic cultures." Journalism 19, no. 11 (July 8, 2016): 1517–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916657510.

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The article argues that through explorations of differing identity formation among journalist groups according to socio-cultural contexts, Peace Journalism has to test the applicability and acceptability of its normative frameworks in different settings. The article identifies lessons Peace Journalism can include from other academic sub-fields to understand the professional life-worlds of journalists in post-conflict societies. The study proffers a meso-level investigation framework of journalists’ awareness of and negotiation with the circulation of ‘flaks’, ‘frames’ and ‘myths’ through the ‘feedback loop(s)’ they work within and re-categorizes micro-level findings from a study conducted in Kenya with this meso-level framework as an illustration.

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8

Abunales, Daniel. "Peace Journalism: Preparing Aspiring Journalists to Value Culture of Peace." Asia Pacific Media Educator 26, no. 2 (November 29, 2016): 252–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x16666851.

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This article takes off from the findings of the author’s postgraduate study on the best practices of peace journalism (PJ) as reflected in the reportage of Inquirer.net and MindaNews.com of the Bangsamoro peace process in the Philippines. The author confirmed through content and discourse analysis that the conflict between the government and Muslim rebels in Mindanao is still often reported in a manner that is biased against the Muslims, especially when it escalates to violence. Articles that scored high on PJ indicators were written by senior journalists who are proponents of PJ. Younger reporters wrote none of such articles. This implies that knowledge and application of PJ can help reduce, if not remove, bias in reporting conflicts. This article argues that PJ training should go beyond media practitioners and encompass journalism and communication students in university programmes.

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9

Tenenboim-Weinblatt, Keren, Thomas Hanitzsch, and Rotem Nagar. "Beyond peace journalism." Journal of Peace Research 53, no. 2 (December 10, 2015): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343315609091.

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10

Warrich, Haseeb Ur Rehman, Rooh Ul Amin Khan, and Salma Umber. "Reporting Sino-Indian Border Conflict Through Peace Journalism Approach." Global Mass Communication Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2020(v-iii).01.

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The study attempts to analyze the coverage of recent Sino-Indian border conflict through peace and war journalism along with understanding how peace journalism ideals can be translated into conflict reporting. The descriptive analysis of news stories published from May 5, 2020, to October 5, 2020, in the mainstream contemporary English press of China (China Daily and Global Times) and India (Times of India and The Hindu) is carried out through content analysis. The period is significant because of the recent border conflict between China and India at Ladakh. The approach of peace and war journalism is explored through in-depth interviews of Indian and Chinese journalists. The study concluded that both Indian and Chinese press employed war framing more dominantly than peace framing while reporting on-going border conflict. A higher instance of peace journalism was recorded in the Chinese press in comparison to the Indian press. The ideals of peace journalism can be achieved by refraining from becoming part of the propaganda paradigm.

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11

Ortiz dos Santos, Fabíola. "Promoting peace: The role of radio journalism in conflict prevention." Radio Journal:International Studies in Broadcast & Audio Media 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/rjao_00040_1.

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This article examines the role of radios in conflict by exploring the tenets of peace journalism in the United Nations sponsored Radio Okapi (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Radio Ndeke Luka (Central African Republic) run by the Swiss Fondation Hirondelle. It is a qualitative research that interviewed journalists on how they perceive their role in society and margin of autonomy. It aims at answering the question: To what extent do the conventions of professional practice of journalism affect the way newsmaking is shaped under the peace journalism approach in conflict-stressed environments? The findings pointed that peace journalism encompasses the idea of a symbolic rapprochement and reconcilement. Reporters stressed the notion of using journalism as a pedagogical tool. Many of the journalists have gone through life-threatening situations caused by opposition groups. Nonetheless, the testimonies accounted for a willingness to carry on with their commitment to a responsible journalism.

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12

Şahin, Sanem, and Christiana Karayianni. "Journalism matters: reporting peace in Cyprus." Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 7-8 (June 2, 2020): 1360–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443720923888.

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The article investigates journalism in societies that are working towards a peaceful resolution. Focusing on the ongoing peace process in Cyprus, it studies the influences and difficulties journalists experience when they report on the negotiations. The peace process in Cyprus, which has been divided since 1974 following a conflict between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots, is continuing. Thematic analysis of the interviews conducted with 67 journalists identifies the key issues that affect journalists in Cyprus when they report on the conflict and peace negotiations. The results show that journalists experience tension between professional values and a sense of belonging and move between professional and national/ethnic identities to cope with it. The results also indicate that despite political and ideological pressures, journalists exercise agency, making attempts to challenge and alter them.

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13

Lynch, Jake, and Annabel McGoldrick. "Responses to peace journalism." Journalism: Theory, Practice & Criticism 14, no. 8 (November 27, 2012): 1041–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884912464175.

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14

Phillips, Angela. "Book Review: Peace Journalism." Global Media and Communication 2, no. 2 (August 2006): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766506066223.

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15

Shaw, Ibrahim Seaga. "Debates in Peace Journalism." Journal of Peace Education 8, no. 3 (December 2011): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2011.621380.

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16

Siddiqua, Ayesha, Khalid Sultan, Atif Ashraf, and Ghulam Shabir. "Abrogation of Article 370 and the Media Framing of Kashmir Conflict: A Pursuit for Re-conciliatory Approach." Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies 3, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v3i3.1839.

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Objective: The study at hand attempts to analyze the media framing of J&K conflict in the context of abrogation of Article 370 along with comprehending the extent to which ideals of peace journalism can be translated into journalistic practices. Methodology: Quantitative analysis of the news items published in Dawn and The Nation (Pakistani media); Times of India and The Hindu (Indian media) indicated that the media framing of Kashmir conflict by the all four selected English dailies from India and Pakistan was heavily dominated by war framing. Findings: Findings of the qualitative interviews conducted from the Indian and Pakistani journalists indicated that the ideals of peace journalism can be translated in to journalistic practices by not justifying human rights violations and by focusing on more in-depth coverage of less visible effects of conflict. A search for common grounds among key stake holders and refraining from becoming part of propaganda were among other key factors which can play a vital role in practicing peace journalism. Implications: Peace Journalism can be understood as a special form of responsible journalism as it has the potential to contribute in the peace process.

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17

GALTUNG, Johan. "The Task of Peace Journalism." Ethical Perspectives 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2000): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ep.7.2.503802.

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18

Umeogu, Bonachristus, and Ojiakor Ifeoma. "Crisis Journalism and World Peace." Advances in Applied Sociology 02, no. 02 (2012): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2012.22021.

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19

Shinar, Dov. "Can Peace Journalism Make Progress?" International Communication Gazette 71, no. 6 (September 16, 2009): 451–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048509339786.

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20

Fawcett, Liz. "Why Peace Journalism Isn't News." Journalism Studies 3, no. 2 (January 2002): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616700220129982.

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21

McGoldrick, Annabel, and Jake Lynch. "Audience Responses to Peace Journalism." Journalism Studies 17, no. 5 (December 18, 2014): 628–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2014.992621.

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22

Hackett, Robert A. "Can Peace Journalism be transposed to Climate Crisis journalism?" Pacific Journalism Review 23, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i1.100.

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This commentary briefly outlines characteristics of Peace Journalism (PJ), and then summarises ways that PJ could inspire justice and crisis-oriented climate journalism, including ethical moorings, audience orientation, journalism practices, self-reflexivity and scepticism of the practices of ‘objectivity’. While there are also important disjunctures between them, particularly around advocacy, partisanship and conflict escalation, both paradigms have liberal and radical variants. The author concludes with a note on structural media change as a corequisite of either paradigm’s implementation.

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23

Lynch, Jake, Annabel McGoldrick, and James Heathers. "Psychophysiological audience responses to war journalism and peace journalism." Global Media and Communication 11, no. 3 (September 23, 2015): 201–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766515606295.

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24

Rodny-Gumede, Ylva. "Awareness towards Peace Journalism among Foreign Correspondents in Africa." Media and Communication 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2016): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i1.365.

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Much has been said about the news media’s role in instigating war, conflict and violence. Less attention has been paid to the news media’s role in mitigating conflict. Criticism has been directed towards the ways in which journalists and war correspondents cover conflict with an emphasis on violence, suffering, polarization of the views of main stakeholders, and over-simplification of the underlying causes of conflict. The growing literature and scholarship around Peace Journalism stands as a response to this. In the context of the African continent, further critique has been levelled against frames and narratives of war, conflict and violence grounded in Western epistemologies and dominant discourses of African conflicts and stakeholders. Based on data collected from interviews with a selected group of journalists working on—and covering—the African continent, the article assesses awareness towards alternative narratives and news frames, as well as attitudes towards alternative practices and models for journalism. Particular attention is paid to ideas and responses regarding Peace Journalism as an alternative model for reporting.

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25

Bastian, Mariella, Mykola Makhortykh, and Tom Dobber. "News personalization for peace: how algorithmic recommendations can impact conflict coverage." International Journal of Conflict Management 30, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-02-2019-0032.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for assessing what are the possibilities and pitfalls of using algorithmic systems of news personalization – i.e. the tailoring of individualized news feeds based on users’ information preferences – for constructive conflict coverage in the context of peace journalism, a journalistic paradigm calling for more diversified and creative war reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a critical review of existing research on peace journalism and algorithmic news personalization, and analyzes the intersections between the two concepts. Specifically, it identifies recurring pitfalls of peace journalism based on empirical research on constructive conflict coverage and then introduces a conceptual framework for analyzing to what degree these pitfalls can be mediated – or worsened – through algorithmic system design.FindingsThe findings suggest that AI-driven distribution technologies can facilitate constructive war reporting, in particular by countering the effects of journalists’ self-censorship and by diversifying conflict coverage. The implementation of these goals, however, depends on multiple system design solutions, thus resonating with current calls for more responsible and value-sensitive algorithmic design in the domain of news media. Additionally, our observations emphasize the importance of developing new algorithmic literacies among journalists both to realize the positive potential of AI for promoting peace and to increase the awareness of possible negative impacts of new systems of content distribution.Originality/valueThe article particle is the first to provide a comprehensive conceptualization of the impact of new content distribution techniques on constructive conflict coverage in the context of peace journalism. It also offers a novel conceptual framing for assessing the impact of algorithmic news personalization on reporting traumatic and polarizing events, such as wars and violence.

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Toni, Hariya, and Intan Kurnia Syaputri. "Peace Journalism not Alive? (menganalisis peran media terhadap pemberitaan peace journalism pada konflik PT. Freeport di Papua)." Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 5, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v5i1.1608.

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Media memiliki potensi untuk memainkan peran dalammembantu menentukan perdamaian konflik dan resolusi konflik atau membina ketegangan dalam konflik. Paper ini bercerita tentang bagaimana peran media dalam konflik, khusunya mengintegrasikan praktik peace journalism pada konflik PT. Freeport di Papua, apakah peace journalism itu sudah diterapkan ataukah pemberitaan yang ada malah mengarah kepada war journalism. Pembahasan pada paper ini dimulai dari mengkaji konsep konflik, makna perdamaian dan peace journalism, wacana media tentang perdamaian serta resolusi konflik dan tranformasi media. Dari analisis yang telah dilakukan, dapat ditarik kesimpulan beberapa media online belum dapat mewujudkan peace journlism atau membuat pemberitaan konflik yang damai. Pemberitaan yang menyangkut konflik PT. Freeport di Papua media cenderung membawa perannya sebagai issue intensifier. Framing dan agenda setting yang dibuat media cenderung berorientasi kepada kekerasan, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa peace journalism belumlah hidup dalam pemberitaan konflik. Media tidak bisa terbebas dari penyajian pemberitaan konflik yang selalu melibatkan ada pihak yang ‘menang’ dan ‘kalah’ karena pada dasarnya media berupaya untuk “menjual” pemberitaan konflik tersebut.

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27

Hanitzsch, Thomas. "Journalists as peacekeeping force? Peace journalism and mass communication theory." Journalism Studies 5, no. 4 (November 2004): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616700412331296419.

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28

Hussain, Shabir, and Syed Abdul Siraj. "Coverage of Taliban conflict in the Pak–Afghan press: A comparative analysis." International Communication Gazette 81, no. 4 (December 12, 2018): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518817649.

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This study offers a quantitative analysis of the coverage of Taliban conflict in the four leading newspapers of Pakistan and Afghanistan through the perspective of war and peace journalism—developed by Johan Galtung and adopted by many scholars. Consistent with the existing literature, the researcher found that both the English and vernacular press in the two countries predominantly reported the Taliban conflict through war journalism framing. The local press was equally escalatory while reporting on the conflict. The press in the two countries showed remarkable differences in the war journalism framing but applied similar thematic strategies of peace journalism. The study advocates an academic juncture between political communication and peace journalism scholarship to identify the issues that influence media content during conflict times for better understanding of the potential role of media in peace and conflict resolution.

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29

Youngblood, Steven. "Lessons for Peace Journalism from Cameroon." Peace Review 29, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 434–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381502.

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30

Youngblood, Steven. "Kenyan Media Test Peace Journalism Principles." Peace Review 29, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381503.

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31

Ersoy, Metin. "Implementing Peace Journalism in the Media." Peace Review 29, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381514.

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32

Blizzard, Emily. "Peace Journalism in Palestine's BDS Campaign." Peace Review 29, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381516.

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33

Lynch, Jake. "Peace journalism: Theoretical and methodological developments." Global Media and Communication 11, no. 3 (November 3, 2015): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742766515606297.

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34

Tehranian, Majid. "Peace Journalism: Negotiating Global Media Ethics." Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108118002129172557.

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35

Jan, Inamullah, and Shabir Hussain. "Media, War and Peace: Towards Peace Journalism Strategies in Pakistan." Global Regional Review V, no. I (March 30, 2020): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2020(v-i).37.

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In this article, the researchers have examined various factors that affect reporting of two deadly conflicts in Pakistan and identify peace-oriented strategies to help resolve these conflicts. For this purpose, comprehensive and inclusive interviews were conducted with reporters covering the Taliban conflict and the ethno-political conflict in Karachi. The researchers found that the nature of a conflict and threats from conflict stakeholders were the important factors that shape the production of conflict news. As far as peace journalism strategies are concerned, it was found that a more contextual way of reporting alongside humanization those sufferers would facilitate broader understanding and resolution of these conflicts in Pakistan.

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36

Dr. Bakht Rawan and Syed Inam ur Rahman. "Comparative Frame Analysis of Coverage of Kashmir Conflict in Indian and Pakistani Newspapers from War/Peace Journalism Perspective." sjesr 3, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(338-345).

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The study analyzes press coverage of Kashmir conflict in Indian and Pakistani leading English newspapers from war/peace journalism perspective. The results show that print media of both the countries were more war-oriented than peace. They were following respective national policies in reporting the Kashmir conflict. War journalism indicators in the coverage of the conflict had outnumbered the peace-journalism indicators. The results confirm previous research studies’ findings regarding the role (negative) of national media in de-escalation of inter-state conflicts. It indicates that conventional media prioritizes coverage of possible conflict scenario in war frames and ignores peace approaches and hence fuels the conflicts further.

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Hussain, Shabbir, and Jake Lynch. "Identifying peace-oriented media strategies for deadly conflicts in Pakistan." Information Development 35, no. 5 (June 18, 2018): 703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666918784122.

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This paper investigates the existing journalistic practices in three deadly conflicts in Pakistan and also proposes corrective peace-oriented media strategies. Based on semi-structured interviews with journalists, analysts and stakeholders involved in the religiously inspired Taliban conflict, separatist-led Balochistan conflict and the ethno-political conflict in Karachi, six strategies have been identified. These include highlighting the problems of sufferers and contextualization of the Taliban conflict; inclusion of multi-perspectives and highlighting the voices of peacemakers in the Balochistan conflict; humanization and solution-oriented coverage of the ethno-political conflict in Karachi. While the journalists agreed these strategies were very much in line with their professional duties, the analysts and stakeholders hoped the proposed journalistic practices would lead to better understanding and facilitate resolution of the three conflicts. Based on the findings of this article, the researchers advocate a pragmatic form of peace journalism that reflects the ground realities as compared to the more critical form of peace journalism that becomes difficult to be practiced in conflict scenarios.

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Mahmood, Tahir, Sumera Khalid, and Urwah Iftikhar. "Coverage of Cross Border Terrorism by Op-Ed of Global Press: A War and Peace Journalism Perspective." Global Political Review IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2019(iv-i).02.

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This study is a content analysis of Op-rd from US, Chinese, Indian and Pakistani press. It is based on the war journalism frame and peace journalism frame devised by John Galtung. Convenient sampling method was used and each paragraph was taken as a unit of analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. The study checked the overall inclination of a countrys press with the perspective of war and peace journalism. The study analyzed the data from three year and found the significant results. It was observed that press of almost all countries are doing war journalism in sizeable measure. The global press has given stories with a war journalism frame in more quantity than the peace journalism. The study found that global press has given notable importance to the issue of terrorism between India and Pakistan. The statistical analysis and ChiSquare test of the data also gave significant results.

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39

Din, Jamal Ud, Muhammad Ahmed Qadri, and Root ul Amin Khan. "Indo-Pak Media Approach towards Peace and War Journalism during the Policy Crisis: Analyzing the Coverage of Pulwama Attack and Balakot Air-Strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu." Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i2.143.

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This study contently examines the media coverage of Pulwama attack and Balakot air strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu, wherein the total 162 news stories on both the selected issues were thoroughly analyzed in the broader perspective of peace journalism. Supporting the core theoretical assumptions of indexing theory [media follow the guidelines of elites] and policy-media interaction model [media tow the government’s policy line], the Indo-Pak media employ, to some extent, peace journalism, especially at the time of policy crisis. However, the study shows mixed results as the Indian newspaper, owing to prevailing political environment in India, was more inclined towards war journalism 38.8% as compare to the war-oriented 12.2% coverage in daily Dawn. On other hand, the findings indicate high level of tendency in daily Dawn i.e. 53.7% towards peace journalism, comparing with 23.8% peace-oriented coverage in daily The Hindu.

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40

Fahmy, Shahira, and Rico Neumann. "Shooting War Or Peace Photographs? An Examination of Newswires’ Coverage of the Conflict in Gaza (2008-2009)." American Behavioral Scientist 56, no. 2 (September 19, 2011): NP1—NP26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211419355.

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According to Galtung, a peace journalism frame is one that highlights peace initiatives and tones down differences by promoting conflict resolution. A war journalism frame, in his view, is one that highlights differences between opposing parties, urging violence as means to a resolution. Thus, based on the above classification of these two competing frames of war coverage, this is one of the first studies to empirically test the model via a visual quantitative analysis. Using news photographs, this study analyzes the extent to which the Gaza War (2008-2009) was represented as war versus peace journalism in the three leading Western newswires (Associated Press, Reuters, and AFP/Getty Images). Findings indicate that all three wires combined provided a variety of visual frames to communicate a comprehensive coverage of the event. This observed pattern therefore highlights the role of gatekeeping in providing a broad-based understanding of conflicts. In other words, it becomes crucial to note that photo selections in terms of war versus peace journalism ultimately has an impact in shaping public opinion and influencing perceptions of news events. Furthermore, from a theoretical standpoint, this work expands the classification of war versus peace journalism by operationalizing these frames into concrete pictorial patterns from a visual communication perspective.

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Ivonina, Ludmila. "Conclusion of Peace in Printing Forms of Communication of Westphalian System (Based on Peace Journalism in the Middle of the XVII and the Beginning of the XVIII Centuries)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 4 (52) (December 16, 2020): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-52-4-236-249.

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The article presents a comparative political analysis of peace journalism during the end of the Thirty Years’ War and the first decades of the Age of Enlightenment. The author believes that the Early Modern Period became the first peak of peace journalism, and peace congresses were the highest point of international communication. The Thirty Years’ War was the first religious-political conflict, during which information on military events, both officially propaganda and oppositional one, was spread throughout the continent. The article notes that it was peace journalism that gave the name to this long and destructive European war. Almost half a century later, from peace congresses in Ryswick (1697), and in Utrecht (1713), a new «medial type» appeared, which purpose was to periodically familiarize European society with the development of the negotiation process and comment on the events taking place. To convey events to the reading public and for propaganda the activities of sovereigns and governments, materials of peace congresses began to be published shortly after their conclusion. In general, by the Age of Enlightenment, the peace press had obviously changed, new international publications appeared, peace projects had been created, and the periodicals became more open and full of discussion. Many years of the conflict had contributed to the growing perception of Europe as an international community, and performative nature and congress journalism emphasized European character of peace and the protopatriotic moods evoked by the concept «Europe ». The author comes to the conclusion that the peace journalism of the studied period was a form of communication that perfectly reflected the contradictions and transformations in European society before, during and after the conclusion of peace, and, in general political terms, the developed the function of «enter» that characterized the subject political culture. It was like an indicator showing the level of political competition and helped contemporaries and descendants to look at the ongoing international transformations objectively.

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Aslam, Rukhsana. "Peace journalism: A paradigm shift in traditional media approach." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 17, no. 1 (May 31, 2011): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v17i1.375.

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Power, politics and profit have been the key factors in determining the media’s traditional approach towards conflict. But in recent decades, the debate on ‘peace journalism’ as an approach to conflict has gained momentum and several scholars (Galtung, 1973; Lynch, 2005; Bell, 1998; Howard, 2003; Allan, 2007; Keeble, 2010) have argued in favour of the concept. However, many questions pertaining to the extent of effectiveness of peace journalism and its application to other forms of media remain unanswered. This article is an attempt to explore answers to these questions. It argues that there is a beginning of a paradigm shift in the traditional media’s approach to conflict situations. While peace journalism was been linked with conflict resolution and advocacy, there is now greater acceptance of it as an attitude that frames a news story. There are also examples to show that it is being applied to other media such as photojournalism, documentary making, film production, investigative journalism, community and specialised media. At the same time, advocates and practitioners of peace journalism face several challenges as there is no universal standard to deal with conflicts.

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Aslam, Rukhsana. "Building Peace through Journalism in the Social/Alternate Media." Media and Communication 4, no. 1 (February 18, 2016): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i1.371.

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Social media networks are rapidly rewriting the traditional principles and protocols of war and conflict reporting. This paper endorses the argument that with the help of new media technologies, journalists can enhance the peacebuilding efforts in societies and communities. Their writings in the alternate media can provide ‘compelling form of engagement’ between the audiences and the people affected in the areas of violent conflict. But, the paper further argues, this requires a broadening of the orthodox model of journalistic objectivity that has so far been in place. It examines the possibilities of new models in the light of the existing journalism paradigms as argued by scholars including Galtung and Ruge (1965), Lynch and McGoldrick (2005), Shinar (2007), Hackett (2011) and Shaw (2011). It concludes on the need to have a model that is ‘a more natural fit’ for the 21st century by giving journalists the ‘flexibility’ to enable people to make their own judgments as to where the truth lies; and to open up the possibilities for dialogue and engagement in conflict resolution.

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Hari Wibowo, Agus. "The Language of Media Supporting Peace Journalism." Jurnal Komunikasi, Malaysian Journal of Communication 34, no. 3 (September 29, 2018): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2018-3403-21.

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Hackett, Robert A. "Reporting Conflict: New Directions in Peace Journalism." Australian Journal of International Affairs 66, no. 1 (February 2012): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2012.642718.

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van den Dungen, Peter. "Alfred H. Fried, Forgotten Peace Journalism Pioneer." Peace Review 29, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1381519.

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Rodny-Gumede, Ylva. "Expanding peace journalism: Comparative and critical approaches." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 34, no. 2 (July 2013): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2013.816457.

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Devere, Heather, and Courtney Wilson. "Peace and war journalism in the New Zealand media: Reporting on ‘the arc of instability’ in the Pacific." Pacific Journalism Review 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v19i1.242.

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The Fourth Estate role of the media in a democracy is to inform its citizens and to be a forum for debate about political issues so that the citizenry is able to make informed decisions about the role its government plays. New Zealand portrays itself as a leading democracy in the Pacific, but how much do New Zealanders know about what is happening among the country’s neighbours? This article is an exploratory study on media coverage of four countries in Melanesia which have experienced conflict to assess the degree to which a peace/conflict journalism approach as opposed to a war/violence journalism approach is used. A content analysis of Radio New Zealand’s Morning Report programme was conducted between June and July 2012 to assess the reporting on the four Melanesian countries: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. According to Pilger (2011) war journalism is reporting on what those in power say they do, whereas peace journalism is what those in power actually do. Lynch and McGoldrick (2005) state that peace journalism ‘is when editors and reporters make choices—of what stories to report and how to report them—that create opportunities for society at large to consider and value non-violent responses to conflict’ (p. 5). The framing of New Zealand media reporting as either war journalism or peace journalism will be an indication of how information about conflict in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu is presented to a New Zealand audience.

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Zillich, Arne F., Roland Göbbel, Karin Stengel, Michaela Maier, and Georg Ruhrmann. "Proactive crisis communication? News coverage of international conflicts in German print and broadcasting media." Media, War & Conflict 4, no. 3 (December 2011): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635211420629.

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This study examines the ambitions of proactive crisis communication in the realm of international conflicts. Based on the concept of peace journalism, the authors analyse whether German media coverage on international conflicts complies with normative demands. So far, most studies have investigated the media’s role during the climactic stages of conflicts and have neglected the pre- and post-escalation phases. Therefore, the study distinguishes four specific phases of a conflict. With regard to news value theory, it shows that international conflicts exhibit different news factors in their particular phases; in addition, it illustrates that the propositions of peace journalism, although considered relevant by journalists, are hardly being fulfilled in their day-to-day conflict reporting. Combining content analytical research with semi-structured interviews proves to be fruitful for critically reflecting the demands of proactive crisis communication.

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Harrison, Virginia S., and Jan Boehmer. "Sport for Development and Peace: Framing the Global Conversation." Communication & Sport 8, no. 3 (February 20, 2019): 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479519831317.

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To explore the role of sports journalism in communicating complex social issues, we seek to understand how sport for development and peace (SDP) programs are covered by newspapers around the world. To achieve this goal, we conducted an exploratory content analysis of 284 English-language articles from 2013 to 2016 using Iyengar’s (1991) thematic and episodic frames and Semetko and Valkenburg’s (2000) five generic news frames. Results indicate that coverage of SDP is often episodically framed, attributed to wire reports rather than individuals, and emphasizes responsibility and human interest. These frames may provide limited understanding of SDP issues in the general public and show that sport journalists still need to embrace their role as sport journalists for good. Recommendations are made for journalists covering this topic globally.

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