Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Journalistes dans la littérature'
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Guimarães, Sandra Regina. "Quand le journalisme et la littérature échangent leur statut." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787218.
Full textMcneil, Arteau Guillaume. "Les documents humains : Émile Zola, le journalisme et la littérature (1865-1893)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26155.
Full textEntre 1865 et 1881, Émile Zola est un journaliste actif à la fois dans la presse parisienne et provinciale ; pendant les dernières années de cette période, il est aussi correspondant pour une revue mensuelle russe, Le Messager de l’Europe. Cette vaste production textuelle constituée au fil de ces seize années de journalisme donne à lire les observations quotidiennes que formule Zola sur la vie culturelle française en usant des multiples ressources génériques de la presse : la chronique, le microrécit, le portrait-carte, le compte rendu parlementaire, l’étude sociale, la notice nécrologique, etc. Cette étude retrace ce parcours journalistique où l’activité littéraire zolienne se fait au contact d’une actualité tantôt immédiate, tantôt très dilatée, et interroge le rapport d’influence que l’on observe entre la presse et le roman zolien. Ce rapport s’opère sur divers aspects de l’œuvre littéraire : discursif (propos tenu sur la presse dans le texte critique, d’escorte ou au cœur de l’univers diégétique), romanesque (présence d’un personnel journalistique dans le roman zolien), thématique (publicité et littérature), poétique (la méthode d’élaboration du roman naturaliste partage des consonances très précises avec celle du reportage), réception littéraire (la critique antinaturaliste reproche au roman zolien d’introduire les procédés de la presse dans la sphère des lettres). L’étude de ces influences révèle que le romancier emprunte aux procédures journalistiques, et plus significativement aux procédures documentaires, certains modes de saisie du réel déterminants dans la composition de l’œuvre romanesque en régime naturaliste. En cela, on peut avancer que les pouvoirs cognitifs de la fiction zolienne procèdent d’un imaginaire de la documentation étroitement lié à celui du journal au XIXe siècle.
From 1865 to 1881, Émile Zola is a journalist both in the Parisian and the provincial press; he also is, during the last years of this period, a correspondent for a Russian monthly magazine, The Messenger of Europe. The vast textual production of those sixteen years of journalism gives access to Zola’s daily observations about French cultural life using the many usual forms of the press : the column, the micro-narrative, the « portrait-carte », the parliamentary account, the social study, the obituary, etc. The present literary criticism follows this journalistic career and the contact of zolian literary activity with immediate and not so immediate news, and reflects on the relation and the influence between the press and the zolian novel. This relation can be seen in many aspects of the literary work : discursive (remarks on the press in criticism, in a preface or in the heart of the diegetic universe), fictional (presence of journalistic staff in a zolian novel), thematic (advertising and literature), poetic (the construction of a naturalist novel is very similar to the construction of reportage), literary reception (the antinaturalist critique of zolian novels criticizes its introduction of journalistic methods in the literary world). The study of these influences shows that the novelist borrows, from journalistic methods, and especially from documentary methods, certain ways of grasping reality which are crucial in the composition of a novel in the naturalistic scheme. Thus, we can affirm that the cognitive powers of zolian fiction stem from a documentation imagination closely linked to the imagination of 19th-century press.
Génot, Pascal. "Du journaliste à l'écrivain, le reportage comme inspiration dans la création romanesque de Joseph Kessel." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30067.
Full textJoseph Kessel was no only a prolific novelist, but therefore is particularly a marked figures of the tall french reporting, years 1920 to 1950. It is interesting to remark, when the one interests in his work, what many romanesque texts seem be strongly inspired by his trade of journalist. This study propose then to prove the tie very narrow who exists between four effected reportings by Kessel (Ireland, 1920 ; Red Sea, 1930 ; Kenya, 1953-1954 ; Afghanistan , 1956) and narrations that they have inspired him (Mary of Cork, Squared fortune, The Lion, Riders). Analysing accurately different stoppings places of kesselian romanesque creation, after to admit the item of reporting as "raw material" of this creation, we will show how Kessel himself is served of his clean experience of the world to create landscapes, situations and personages. Of numerous unpublished elements (texts, interviews, photographies) will come to ornament this work of searches and will contribute to his pertinence - everything in briging him an interest no negligible in the eyes of all fascinated persons by the work and the charisma of Joseph Kessel
Bleton, Isabelle. "Enquêtes sur l'histoire, histoires d'enquête dans quelques romans argentins de l'après-dictature (1983-1995)." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030095.
Full textDuring the period which followed the end of Proceso's military regime in Argentina, a number of novels were published in which testimony and inquiry were merged into fiction in order to tackle the recent historical period : Peronism, popular struggles, dictatorship, return to democracy. Eight novels written by five authors are the subject of the study which has the inquiry as the central theme. This inquiry takes many forms which are similar either to the journalistic inquiry (the search for evidence, biographical research) or to police investigation (investigation into diverses offences, search for a culprit). All these inquiries come within a precise historical date framework. .
Zamit, Fredj. "L'éthique de la presse dans l'oeuvre d'Albert Camus entre théorie et pratique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0046.
Full textAs a reflexive journalist, Albert Camus had started a questioning on the essence of journalism and on the journalist's behavior. This thesis proposes to study the conception of press ethics in the author's work between theory and practice. An analysis of a press corpus which was formed mainly by his writings in newspapers such as, Alger Républicain, Le Soir Républicain, Combat et L'Express (1938-1958). This analysis had been supported by the studying of a complementary corpus including his essays, his works of fiction and his circumstances writings (1935-1960) concerning journalism. In order to place the author's thought and his behavior within the context of the social institutions and the situations in which he moved, not only biographical approach was crossed with the speech analysis technics but also the author's work and his real-life had been highlighted. To start, a panorama of principles, values and rules of the journalistic ethic advocated by the author was drawn. After that, in view of the conflicts that had marked Albert Camus' work because they went through his time (World War II and the French-Algerian conflict), a fine study of his commitment for peace had been developed from the point of view of the ethic practice. This stage had two goals; the first was to define and to characterize the editorials practices and the author's commitment methods for peace. The second was to report about the journalistic device that had been mobilized by him
Biboumi, Jean de Dieu. "Le roman de dictature : de la colonie au "macisme" à travers Las tinieblas de tu memoria negra et Los poderes de la tempestad de Donato Ndongo Bidyogo, journaliste et écrivain équato-guinéen." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0899.
Full textBlack African literature written in French is present in a large range of works. Nevertheless we note that light has not been shed on Spanish-speaking African literature yet. This situation stems from the fact that Equatorial Guinea is the only African country where Spanish is spoken. As a result both Academic circles and literature critics fail to recognize this nation’s literature. We decide to study the latter not only to bring light on it but also to depict reality. As Equatorial Guinea was the only Spanish black settlement it is nurtured on Spanish tradition on the hand, and, on the other hand, on black African tradiction —this can explain this country’s particular feature. This paper tackles dictatorship as political regime in Equatorial Guinea. We aim at highlighting how Ndongo Bidyogo manages to render reality through fiction. Humanism and hope are part of his works and show how dictatorship influences people
Féray, Serge. "Emmanuel Carrère, une oeuvre des limites : de la fiction à l'autobiographie." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC033.
Full textDuring the second half of the XXth century, the avant-garde literary movements asserted that the inherent characterics of the novel such as plot, characters, narrator, had to be called into question.Paradoxically those movements kindled a revival of fiction and self-writing as it first appeared in the writings of Marguerite Duras and Claude Simon, then throughout the autofiction vogue.The work of Emmanuel Carrère comes as a sequel to this trend, blending essays, autobiography, novels, investigation, somewhere between journalism and literature, self-writing and writing about others.The purpose of this thesis is to show how the author of L’Adversaire constructs a shape-shifting but nonetheless coherent body of work. This corpus which started out as exploration of the potentiality of multiple fictional narratives, evolved towards a new definition of the autobiographical pact.Concealing the narrative of his own life behind the lives of others, Emmanuel Carrère blurs the lines between fiction and non-fiction, thus merging documentary with the imaginary world, and reading with living
Rochon, Sylvie. "L'influence du journalisme dans l'oeuvre d'Albert Camus : constitution d'une éthique de la responsabilité." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31944.
Full text339571\u Albert Camus (1913-1960) a produit une œuvre considérable, réfléchissant sur les problèmes de son temps par la voie du journalisme, de l’essai, de la littérature, du théâtre ou de conférences. Bien que toutes ces activités soient connues, le rapport intrinsèque entre les écrits journalistiques et l’œuvre philosophico-littéraire demeure circonscrit à l’examen de quelques thèmes ou d’extraits spécifiques. Or, depuis la parution de la plupart des textes journalistiques de Camus (1938-1956) dans les Œuvres complètes (La Pléiade, 2006-2008), il est possible de questionner les propos tenus par le journaliste, en fonction de l’originalité de leur contenu, mais aussi dans leur rapport à plusieurs de ses autres écrits. C’est ce thème du lien possible entre les articles de journaux et les essais et textes littéraires qui fait l’objet de la présente thèse. Le lien dont il est ici question s’appuie sur une lecture des articles et éditoriaux qui dévoile la structuration d’une pensée qui, partant des faits sur lesquels Albert Camus prenait position, se mettait peu à peu au diapason d’une exigence morale qui s’est non seulement maintenue au cours de ces années, mais qui s’est amplifiée jusqu’à constituer une éthique de la responsabilité. De plus, cette éthique s’est manifestée dans les prises de position philosophiques et littéraires en plusieurs occasions, ce qui permet de questionner l’influence du journalisme sur le processus créatif de Camus. Toutefois, prétendre à cette démonstration exige d’abord de vérifier en quoi Camus était un intellectuel engagé dans la défense de valeurs spécifiques. Il importe de le faire puisque Camus lui-même a, le plus souvent, désavoué tout rapport à l’engagement ou encore à l’humanisme, du moins dans le sens généralement admis de ces notions au cours de la première moitié du vingtième siècle. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc de faire valoir la nature d’un engagement intellectuel réel chez Camus, fondé sur un souci humaniste qui a donné lieu à la création d’une éthique de la responsabilité, par le biais d’une confrontation aux difficultés de la vie humaine et ce, par l’exercice du journalisme. Une éthique si prégnante qu’elle a aussi guidé le travail de philosophe et de romancier, permettant à Camus de donner du relief aux thèmes, aux histoires, ainsi qu’aux types de personnages qui ont donné lieu à plusieurs de ses livres majeurs.
Granger, Laurence. "L'esprit critique dans l'oeuvre journalistique de François Mauriac 1905-1970." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30006.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to assess the importance and the extent to which François Mauriac's critical lucidity manifests itself in his press writings and articles. Based on the methodical analysis of 3,000 articles released between 1905 and 1970 in 147 various newspapers and periodicals, it systematically examines vocabulary, similes, sentence structure so as to reveal the thought process of the writer as columnist. Two recurring areas of vocabulary appear as noticeably privileged. One linked to sight highlights Mauriac's concern for the world around him and his never-sated curiosity. The other deals with appearances and reveals the difficulties the writer encountered when attempting to achieve the true knowledge of the real. Hence the paramount importance granted to the notion of critical lucidity and critical mind which allows the superficial glance to become a penetrating examination. The awakening and the preservation of the critical mind lies at the core of a tension polarised between two contradictory demands; to conciliate Mauriac's involvement in collective action and his wish for autonomy of thought; to master his prejudices and his impulses without destroying the passions which prompt his political and spiritual engagement on behalf of justice and truth. Finally this study exposes a major antinomy: his critical lucidity is not to be confused with scepticism. Mauriac favours methodical questioning and doubt to achieve certitude. He turns out to be extremely aware of the relativity of truth and experiences great difficulties to admit that the critical mind may hold a certitude as definite
Lopez, Pedroza Claudia Cecilia. "Les chroniques urbaines d'Angel de Campo dans " El Imparcial " : Mexico à la fin du XIXème siècle." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947640.
Full textCouture, Maude. "Les romans de l'écrivain-journaliste d'Illusions perdues à Bel-Ami : continuités et ruptures." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26093.
Full textMahy, Fanny. "Le fait divers criminel dans la littérature contemporaine française (1990-2012). : enquête au cœur du Rouge, Mémorial au vif du Noir." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30040.
Full textOur collective representation of the « fait divers » underwent considerable revision in the early 1980s, as Marine M’Sili points out : « from being universally decried, denounced and censured, [it] sees its status change to the point of taking on a positive value », even among the intellectual elite. At the same time, according to Dominique Viart, literature takes on a new « transitivity »; it is no longer self-sufficient but requires a direct object, the world. These two developments provide a meeting ground where new and more frequent interactions between literature and the « fait divers » can take place. This thesis builds on these insights but aims more specifically to demonstrate the significance of the changes that the criminal « fait divers » undergoes as it is recycled in contemporary French literature. The sample corpus includes twenty-five representative works, all published in the period from 1990 to 2012. Through an analysis of investigation procedures and their influence, and an exploration that is part literary criminology and part commemoration of the victims, the thesis demonstrates the richness and diversity of the literary « fait divers » today. Indeed, the revival of interest in the topic, in tune with advances in the humanities, has for the most part broken both with the realist aesthetics of the nineteenth century and with the twentieth century’s more playful and experimental approaches. Many writers have also abandoned the traditional paraliterary and media representations of an archaic monstrosity in favour of a broader socio-historical reflection and more pointed questioning of the monstrousness that lies at the very heart of our humanity
Rebaï, Moez. "Camus dans ses lettres : de la correspondance à l'oeuvre." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF20016.
Full textPartly biographical and partly literary, Albert Camus’ letters shed new light on his personality, his relationship with his correspondents, his style’s genesis and that of his writings. His correspondence gives more insight into his illness as well as his commitment to the family and the Mediterranean beauty of his native country. Being fond of Jean Grenier, Camus not only follows his instructions but also asks him for some advice in the letters, giving them a didactic dimension. Examining the interface between Camus’ letters and his writings is a shift from the intimate to the literary, widening the scope of my research. Camus’ open letters borrow many literary features. Some of his correspondents are real interlocutors evaluating his books and providing him with insightful feedback and comments generating modification or even rewriting of some of them. Such letters are a valuable source of information shedding new light on the rewriting of his first collection of essays, Les Voix du quartier pauvre as well as Caligula. His letters, accompanying most of his writings from their conception to publication, elucidate his literary choices and affect the progress of writing, revealing turns of a heterogeneous literary production. On the advice of some of his correspondents including Grenier and Malraux, Camus abandons the bombast of a lyrical style reflecting his passion for life in his early writings. The stripped style of L’étranger along with the objectivity of the chronicle of La Peste are evidence of the letters’ impact on the evolution of Camus’ writing process. The persistence of some emphatic passages in these neutral writings, where the simple style joins the poetic underpinnings, reveals a struggle between Camus’ innate tendency for exalting feelings and emphatic style on the one hand, and the master’s recommendations inciting neutral writing on the other hand. Camus goes beyond this dichotomy dividing his writings by questioning equilibrium between neutrality and emphasis in Les Justes, an equilibrium between an objectivity of a Cartesian lucidity and excesses of a sentimental overflow. The study of the writer’s ethos defined by Aristotle as “the representation of his character by the orator” shows three self images in Camus’ letters : that of the marveled writer, that of the committed writer and that of the honest journalist. But the thorny issue of the war in Algeria silenced the author of La Peste, creating a gap between the journalist’s preexisting ethos and the discursive ethos set up in his letters. Studying the author’s ethos, especially the literary self image built in L’Hôte seems important as it is likely to illuminate the epistolary self image, that of an indecisive intellectual torn between his love for his homeland, where he is afraid of losing his place and that of his family, and his faith in the values of freedom, equality and justice. In this novel, the hero's conduct and the writer’s choices create an image of an anxious and perplexed author torn between admiring the fighters and condemning their violence
Ito, Fuyumi. "Mme Delphine Gay de Girardin et le journalisme : l'univers feminin dans les "courriers de paris"." Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN21008.
Full textUnder the title "courrier de paris" ("letter from paris"), mme delphine gay de girardin published in "la presse" her column on the life of paris during the year 1836 to 1848. These reports were a description of the parisian life from the social, fashionable, literary, artistic and political points of view. The july's monarchy was described as a whole, and due to mme de girardin's sensitivity the reports were the reflection of a highly feminine world. Consequently the reports were not only a recite of valuable historical news, but the presentation of a women's world. For this reason, we have defined our subject as mme delphine gay de girardin and the journalism : the women's world in the "courriers de paris". In order to know how mme de girardin observed, judged and described the life of paris at her time, and to evaluate the marvelous role of her sensitivity influencing her observations, her judgments and her writing, which we have analysed in full and according to the categories of subjects, her "courriers de paris"
Djaballah, Boulahbel Marie-Claire. "Entre journalisme et littérature feuilletonesque: la Nahda selon Ibrâhîm al-Muwaylihî et ses contemporains : discours, récits et chroniques de société dans la presse égyptienne du XIXe siècle." Paris, INALCO, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INAL0007.
Full textThe subject of this research is about the Nahda, as conceived and built up by its actors-journalists in Egypt during the 19th century. Starting from the writings of a pioneer of this social movement, Ibrâhîm Al-Muwaylihî, and going through critical and literary analysis of his realistic and fictional published discourses, this research is, on the one hand, revisiting the history of this cultural Arab renaissance from a journalistic point of view and is, on the other hand, capturing the relationship between press and literature for a better understanding of how modern Arab literature was born and evolved. A specific emphasis is placed on defining role of the periodical literary and press as a supporting and propagating the Nahda. By reviewing leading, socio-political speeches and socio-satirical stories published at installments, this research makes an inventory of the dominant topics and offers conclusions about one of the largest newspapers of the Nahda, Misbâh Al-Sarq, a historical and political work, Mâ Hunâlik, and a new literary work, Mir'ât al-Âlam, all created by Ibrâhîm Al-Muwaylihî. The latter work is quoted, analyzed and compared with other newspapers. This research offers a synthesis of important Nahda questions about the press and the literature of an era, tracks and traces its history as witnessed by its actor-journalists, including their views about relations between the East and the West and mutations in the Arab and Muslim world. It offers an insight into a new Arabic literary style born in the press, analyzes the transmutation of the maqâma into a social novel and summarizes the Muwaylihi's Nahda thoughts, which remain valid in this 21th century
Decorps, Antoine. "Emile Guillaumin journaliste : une morale populaire au service d'un idéal d'élévation paysanne." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20007.
Full textWhile having a carrier in poetry and novels, the bourbonnais countryman-writer Émile Guillaumin begins in 1898 a journalist carrier which will be more and more important from 1908 and above all after the First World war and his giving-up novels. He then wants to inform people and “elevate”, as he says, the countrymen class. This elevation has a peculiar concept: introduce people to « the true from the good ». A moral education is indeed according to him essential in order to make the countrymen class stand with the new urban middleclass (civil servants, artisans). Indeed, countrymen have been outcast from the republican ideal of equality, far from the social laws, in their isolated countryside, far from the progress, the comfort brought by the industrial improvements made at the begining of the century; that’s why Guillaumin aims at awaking thanks of his press articles, a rural consciousness in order to affirm the need of improving the life standards in the countryside. The bitter failure of union action, the rural flight, understood unlike the politicians and the different experts, the illiteracy keeping on in the countryside, the painful consequences of the First World war provoking a massive mistrust against farmers, will lead Guillaumin to the idea of a need to keep on awaking the rural consciousness. In order to overcome the prejudice of ignorant, rude and inferior farmers, they have to be educated themselves, to “stand up”; it is also necessary to show up and turn off the common against the countrymen
Bertrand, Frédérick. "La représentation des souffrances et des horreurs de la Première Guerre mondiale dans les journaux de tranchées." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33128.
Full textHins, Sara-Juliette. "Emma Gendron, polyphonie médiatique d'une femme pas comme les autres (1897-1952)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26123.
Full textOn the heels of researches in women’s literary history, this thesis focuses on Emma Gendron, a French-Canadian writer, who among others signed a play, a letter to the editor, two novels, two scenarios and many short stories in Quebec between 1920 and 1940. Despite this fact, it is mainly as a writer that she is mentioned in the story because she is the first francophone Quebec to practice this form of writing. If in general, the texts in these areas briefly trace her career and biography emphasizing journalistic aspect or film, none offers a real analysis of her works. It seems that the work in literary history have not addressed thoroughly and specifically literary trajectory and the work of polygraphs as Gendron, nor highlighted the socio-literary issues at work from the point of view of production reception when we try to understand their practice and what they represent in the literary field. First of all, this thesis traces Emma Gendron’s trajectory. It discusses her journalistic collaborations and the different postures that she adopted during her career. We then analyze the ideological tendencies at work in the column “The eternal feminine” in La Revue populaire and “Le Courrier de Manon” in Le Samedi. Then, we see that the recurrence of orphan character in the texts of Gendron opens a larger world of possibilities to this figure in fiction and is used as motor for action. Feminine self-realization, by the exercise of a profession or the choice of a husband is another track that this thesis explores. Gendron’s position in this respect is a form of médianité, a compromise between the old and modern styles. Finally, we look at the themes of modernity and Americanity. We believe that, like the treatment of the heroines who practice a profession, the position of Gendron in relation to Americanity is in-between, in médianité. Some works conveyed a more conservative ideology, while others seem to illustrate a break or some novelty compared to the dominant discourse.
Sabourdin-Perrin, Dominique. "B. Pérez Galdós et la presse." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040085.
Full textThis thesis treats of the relations between the Spanish novelist B. Perez Galdós (1843-1920) and the press. It is divided into two parts: the first one deals with Galdós s as a journalist and the second one, with the influence of the press in Galdós ' novels (novels, Episodios Nacionales). Galdós has been irregularly working for forty years with different newspapers. In his youth, he wrote articles in " Nación " (1865-1868). He contributed as well to the argentine newspaper called "La Prensa" for more than twenty years in the eighties (1880's). So he got used to meet many politicians, writers and journalists. In his novels, the newspaper world seems to be part of the back- ground. The characters as journalist are few and do not play lea- ding parts. Nevertheless in the last "Episodios Nacionales" the hero is a journalist who narrates the historical events from 1868 to 1874 (bitterness, idealism). As a conclusion, journalism has become of minor importance in Galdós ‘life, although his personal interest about the written world has never departed from him
Lee, Junghwan. "La foule dans les écrits journalistiques et romanesques : étude de la spécificité de la foule dans l’écriture zolienne." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL022.
Full textOur interest lies in the treatment of Zola’s crowd questions in adopting a pluridisciplinary methodology and studying the various genres of writings. Our research is conducted under the two following hypotheses. The first hypothesis concerns the application of chronological framing to compare the evolution processes shown in the Zola’s ideas on crowd, published in various newspaper articles (investigations, interviews, private journals released posthumously) and in his fictional works. Our constant focus on his journalistic activities shows us that it was during the so-called “journalistico-literary period” which he could develop his own strategies for the crowd taking shape throughout three chosen fictional works: Thérèse Raquin (1867-1868), Nana (1879-1880) and Paris (1897-1898). The second hypothesis interests in the dialectics of “crowdpublic”, a keyword to summarize the dissertation. This word was inspired by a contrast between an analytical approach and a synthetic approach to and puts an emphasis on the characteristics detected inside the editorial process where the author (Zola), the media editors and readers (a form which the “crowd-public” can take) can communicate with each other. It is the “crowd-public” who contributes to a process called “daily literature” and, as reveals our research, this is realized in certain forms of journalistic and literary poetics in the Nineteenth-Century
Simard, Julie. "L'esthétique de la violence dans les contes et nouvelles de Maupassant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27798/27798.pdf.
Full textWaldegaray, Marta Inés. "Identité nationale cubaine et discours politico-culturel dans la production journalistique de José Martí." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030130.
Full textTouboul, Anaëlle. ""Histoires de fous". Approche de la folie dans le roman français du XXe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA123/document.
Full textHaunting our collective imagination, the madman has always been laden with symbolic significance. The myth of madness is abundantly present in literature, however those characters with an actual mental illness are ultimately overshadowed. While mental patients are pushed to the margins of literature, just as they are pushed to the outskirts of society, this particular cultural legend of madness develops during the nineteenth century in Romantic and fantastic literature and stays in the spotlight at the beginning of the following century through the avant-garde artists. In contrast to the aforementioned representation of madness, a number of novelists of the twentieth century, including Georges Duhamel, André Baillon, Julien Green, Henry de Montherlant or Alexandre Vialatte, brought on a literary shift away from “madness” towards “the madman” – from the myth to the individual. The focus of this piece of work is on the modality and logic leading to the emancipation of the figure of the madman and its affirmation as an autonomous subject – in every sense of the world – in the literary field. These fictional stories, where the alienated consciousness is both the focus and the main subject of the narrative, present the reader with an almost familiar madness. They don’t idealize insanity but provide representations of almost ordinary disorders, which affect a banal character living a modest life. Through their semantic, syntactic and pragmatic preferences, these stories form a fictional “sub-genre”, called “histoires de fous”. This research aims at determining the generic features of these novels and at considering the way madness questions the means and powers of fiction. Another purpose is to shed light on how literature helps us understand this inconceivable experience, which represents the other side of the commonly shared human experience of reason and logic, and to study how novelists help to reveal as well as reshape the characterization of this social and cultural topic
Bédard-Fiset, Alexis, and Alexis Bédard-Fiset. "Poétique de la correspondance dans le Courrier des États-Unis de New York entre 1840 et 1850 : le cas du Canadien français Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37455.
Full textNous avons analysé les articles de Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau publiés dans le Courrier des États-Unis de New York (1828-1938) pendant la décennie 1840. Le journal rejoignait de nombreuses communautés francophones dispersées dans les Amériques. Chauveau est le seul Canadien français à y collaborer au milieu du XIXe siècle et se révèle un correspondant étranger particulièrement prolifique. Afin de comprendre les poétiques d’écriture du correspondant canadien, nous avons comparé ses articles avec ceux des autres correspondants, principalement parisiens. Nous avons observé que les correspondances, autant celles de Chauveau que celles de ses collègues d’outre-mer, répondent aux mêmes logiques d’écriture que les autres genres journalistiques de l’époque, en particulier la chronique; aussi conservent-elles des traces d’un fort héritage épistolaire. De surcroît, pour pallier le manque de balises dans la manière d’écrire le journal, les correspondants convoquent des formes « canoniques et livresques » : l’influence de la matrice littéraire est tangible. L’étude du contenu des correspondances de Chauveau révèle qu’il utilise sa tribune dans l’espoir de désenclaver sa nation afin de l’arrimer au reste des Français d’Amérique. Pour y parvenir, il exalte la nostalgie pour la Nouvelle-France en misant sur l’identité de « Français d’autrefois » du Canadien, critique de manière récurrente l’opposant commun, l’Angleterre, et fait ressortir les multiples impacts du pouvoir de la religion catholique, rappelant ainsi la France prérévolutionnaire.
We analyzed Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau’s foreign correspondences published in the Courrier des États- Unis (1828-1938) between 1840 and 1850. The newspaper was produced in New York and reached many French-speaking communities scattered throughout the Americas. Chauveau was the Courrier’s only French- Canadian correspondent and one of the most prolific among his colleagues. In order to unveil the various influences associated to his writing, we compared his articles with the ones that his Parisian colleagues produced. We observed that more important journalistic genres of the era such as the editorial had a significant impact on their writing. Their articles also contain strong literary and epistolary influences. We dedicated the most crucial part of our study to the analysis of Chauveau’s articles. We discovered that his articles are a means to convince his readers that French Canadians should be perceived as a legitimate part of French America. In order to do so, Chauveau exacerbated the nostalgy for New France. He also tried to prove that French Canadians are actually pre-revolutionary French citizens, namely by highlighting the extent of the Catholic Church’s powers. Moreover, by constantly criticizing a common opponent, England, Chauveau aspired to strengthen his readers’ sympathy for his nation
We analyzed Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau’s foreign correspondences published in the Courrier des États- Unis (1828-1938) between 1840 and 1850. The newspaper was produced in New York and reached many French-speaking communities scattered throughout the Americas. Chauveau was the Courrier’s only French- Canadian correspondent and one of the most prolific among his colleagues. In order to unveil the various influences associated to his writing, we compared his articles with the ones that his Parisian colleagues produced. We observed that more important journalistic genres of the era such as the editorial had a significant impact on their writing. Their articles also contain strong literary and epistolary influences. We dedicated the most crucial part of our study to the analysis of Chauveau’s articles. We discovered that his articles are a means to convince his readers that French Canadians should be perceived as a legitimate part of French America. In order to do so, Chauveau exacerbated the nostalgy for New France. He also tried to prove that French Canadians are actually pre-revolutionary French citizens, namely by highlighting the extent of the Catholic Church’s powers. Moreover, by constantly criticizing a common opponent, England, Chauveau aspired to strengthen his readers’ sympathy for his nation
Demestre, Marie. "Georges Henein, la quête de l'absolu : une poétique de l’illumination contrariée." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20057.
Full textJournalist, poet, essay-writer whose writing has paced itself on rebellion, Georges Henein, son of Cairo between the two wars, has tried to redefine his status as a man. Affiliated to the surrealist movement through Trotski and Breton's "Fédération Internationale pour un Art Révolutionnaire", Henein has made writing his ally, the only one able to touch what is still pure in this world. As a writer of assertive sharp theories, with convincing aphorisms, he has given his writing some nihilistic aspects, in a refusal of the world organized around the real. Yet, after the study of his 40-yearsrange corpus, a hidden dimension appears, almost coded, spread here and there through enigmas. Translating the desire to rethink the sacred into something that would link the being to itself, Henein offered a transgeneric poetics meant to explore the consciousness. Relying on a spiritual terminology reinvested in a deaf anger, the writer examined all enemies of the thought, leaving the reader appreciate a pact with the impossible
Kafala, Maram. "Le rôle d'Amédée Pichot dans l'implantation d'idées littéraires anglaises en France de 1825 à 1850." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100135.
Full textOur work examines the process of the establishment of new ideas of English literature in France in the XIXth century. The essential personality of this study is Amédée Pichot. The main question that arises here is the following: what is the importance of this writer in the development of French literature in an era dominated by other major writers, such as Chateaubriand, Hugo, Lamartine, Stendhal and many others?It is through the study of three parties of his literary career that we want to emphasize what a minor writer as Amédée Pichot can do to improve the French literature. His book, entitled Voyage historique et littéraire en Angleterre et en Écosse, published in 1825, his role as a journalist and director of various literary journals and his great efforts in the field of translation are the principal axes which will reveal to us up to what point it was able to participate in enriching the French literature by new aspects of English literature
Arnaud-Gomez, Sylvie. "La polyphonie dans l'oeuvre de Camus : de l'unité ontologique à la fracture discursive." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349833.
Full textL'origine de ce projet de thèse est une histoire familiale. J'étais étudiante en lettres lorsque ma mère, au détour d'une conversation, me confie que Camus a écrit sur mon grand-père et qu'on peut trouver ces documents dans les Cahiers Albert Camus. Je m'étonne et prends connaissance du détail de l'affaire. Mon grand-père est le magasinier Mas emprisonné aux côtés d'Hodent, entraîné dans une fausse accusation de malversation et de spéculation par ceux-là mêmes qui agissaient dans la seule finalité de leur profit personnel en modifiant à leur guise le prix du blé fixé par des amendements du Front Populaire. L'intervention de Camus, jeune journaliste à Alger Républicain, permet d'éviter l'erreur judiciaire. Une série de quinze articles est consacrée à ce procès répertorié sous le nom d'« affaire Hodent ».
Je suis le procès en entendant les voix des accusés, celle du procureur, celles des avocats, des témoins cités à la barre et celle de Camus, jeune journaliste passionné et investi dans la recherche de la vérité. Et, dans ce foisonnement, je m'interroge sur le pouvoir de la parole, sur la polysémie du langage, ses zones d'ombre, sur les ambivalences des hommes, sur la foi erronée en une vérité unique. D'où parle-t-on ? À qui les discours s'adressent-ils ? Quelle croyance obsolète supposent-ils dans l'unité du sujet parlant et dans la capacité du langage à restituer une unité originelle ? Je relis Bakhtine. J'explore l'ouvrage de Dunwoodie qui met en parallèle Camus et Dostoïevski. Je découvre les influences, les intertextualités. Ma recherche s'oriente alors vers la polyphonie, vers une réflexion sur le rapport de l'homme au langage, à l'unité, à la vérité. Le procès d'Hodent m'y a conduit.
J'entre dans l'ère du soupçon qui est la marque du XXe siècle. Je lis avec passion L'Anneau de Clarisse de Magris qui retrace les grandes étapes du désenchantement du monde lié à la mort de Dieu. Nietzsche prend alors toute la place. Il est au centre névralgique de cette explosion à la fois jubilatoire et dysphorique. La foi dans l'unité du sujet n'est plus. L'homme est multiple. Il est une myriade d'éclats, il est bigarrures et paradoxes dans un monde marqué par la perte des repères.
Une voix dans le fracas du monde
Camus s'efforce de faire entendre sa voix dans le fracas du monde et dans la multitude des voix d'autrui, voix des habitants de Belcourt, voix silencieuse de la mère, voix autoritaire de la grand-mère, voix des maîtres qui guident l'enfant, voix des premiers romanciers lus avec émotion et éblouissement, voix des « grands auteurs », des Classiques, voix de la Grèce antique et de la Rome latine, voix des philosophes de l'ère chrétienne, voix du messie qui crie sa déréliction et sa souffrance de l'incarnation, voix des penseurs solitaires, des créateurs de concepts, voix des comédiens sur les planches, des amis chaleureux, des femmes aimées, de celles qui ont trahi, de celles qu'il a trompées pour dire ailleurs d'autres mots, se nourrir d'autres murmures, voix des orateurs aux tribunes de l'actualité, voix des maîtres à penser, des moralisateurs, voix des traîtres, voix des lâches, voix qui se sont tues à jamais sous les fusillades aveugles qui fauchent sans pitié la jeunesse, la bravoure. Camus reste vivant après le cataclysme de la guerre, heureux et honteux, n'ayant plus alors que le témoignage comme seule justification. Les voix des morts résonnent dans le silence bruyant de la Libération et la voix de la vengeance est impérieuse avant de s'adoucir dans l'évidence du pardon et de l'oubli. Il est un homme labyrinthique qui façonne une œuvre en costume d'Arlequin. Il est un pantin tournoyant dans les orages du siècle, restituant, jusqu'au mutisme, les clameurs du siècle. Mais il est aussi un artiste qui ne renonce jamais totalement à l'exigence d'une voix personnelle, d'une voix du secret de l'intime, de l'opacité lumineuse du renoncement aux autres et de l'acceptation de soi comme condition de la création.
Voilà posée la tension camusienne entre le désir d'unité et d'harmonie, la course folle vers la fusion avec le monde, l'ardeur consacrée à rétablir la paix entre les peuples, le respect et la reconnaissance d'autrui dans son altérité et dans sa mêmeté d'une part, et d'autre part, la lucidité parfois effarée face à l'éclatement de l'être, à la victoire de la confusion et du désordre, au règne du paradoxe, de l'aporie, de la guerre. L'élan enthousiaste ou désespéré vers le désir d'harmonie s'incarne dans le choix d'être un écrivain et de porter, par les mots agencés, l'unité de l'homme et du monde. L'écriture tente de lutter contre l'éclatement, la fragmentation, la diversité. Mais les mots jaillissent et restituent le désordre, la confusion, la complexité de l'homme. L'écrivain fait l'expérience dysphorique et vivifiante, jubilatoire et angoissante de la polyphonie. Par qui suis-je habité quand je parle ? C'est la question que chaque « sujet parlant » ne peut manquer de se poser à la suite de Bakhtine ou de Ducrot. Quels échos résonnent dans une voix, quels dédoublements en abyme habitent l'auteur qui prend la plume ? Quel chemin peut conduire l'individu vers la singularité authentique dans le fracas assourdissant des voix d'autrui qui se mêlent et s'emmêlent? L'uni et l'unique ne sont-ils que des leurres, des fantômes aveuglés par l'orgueil et l'outrecuidance ? Comment livrer l'intime sans impudeur ? Comment être à la fois héraut de son temps, chantre de la justice et « politiquement et affectivement incorrect » ?
Faut-il chercher un fil conducteur ? Y a-t-il un fil d'Ariane menant à une vérité ultime ? Il ne semble pas que Camus se soit jamais imposé cette contrainte. La lecture des Carnets témoigne, malgré l'évolution programmatique annoncée très tôt par l'auteur, d'une œuvre qui avance au gré des lectures et des événements et restitue une pensée vibrante, frémissante, curieuse et avide, toujours en mouvement, toujours à l'affût d'une nouvelle rencontre, d'un nouvel éblouissement, toujours à l'écoute de cette palpitation intérieure que ne fait pas taire la clameur du monde. Ce paradoxe tensionnel et fécond de l'unité ontologique et de la fracture discursive se retrouve dans les différentes dimensions de l'œuvre camusienne, dans le rapport à l'histoire de son temps, dans le désir du chant de l'intime, dans la volonté de restituer l'authenticité de l'homme dans ce temps qui est le sien, sur cette terre qu'il a voulue sienne.
Pour, à l'instar de Camus, ne renoncer à rien, pour réunir tous les paradoxes, pour faire entendre la multitude des voix, le foisonnement des œuvres, j'ai choisi de placer mon parcours sous l'œil attentif et bienveillant de trois figures tutélaires. J'ose espérer que Camus aurait emprunté, non sans déplaisir, cette route que j'espère inexplorée, qui n'exclut pas les incursions inattendues, les chemins de traverse, les explorations imprévues.
Salomon, constructeur du Temple
Ce personnage biblique recèle en lui les ambitions de l'homme présent dans sa cité, acteur de son destin et de celui de ses compagnons. Il est le roi d'une justice immanente, inscrite à hauteur d'homme, évidente car elle sollicite la vérité du cœur. Il est un roi de sagesse qui règne dans un temps de paix. Mais on lui attribue également L'Ecclésiaste qui oriente sa pensée vers une philosophie liée au temps présent et à la perception aiguë de la précarité. L'ambivalence non contradictoire entre le temps de l'action et l'évidence de la nécessité de construire d'une part et d'autre part la conscience d'un absurde lié à la fugacité de la vie rend compte de la tension de l'œuvre de Camus où le désenchantement n'entraîne pas la désespérance. La figure de Salomon permet d'envisager les engagements politiques de Camus, d'observer comment il a contribué à maintenir debout les fondations de notre civilisation occidentale mise à mal par la fureur des hommes et la violence des guerres.
Je distingue trois temps dans cette dimension de l'œuvre. Le premier temps est un temps de l'engagement dichotomique. Il permet l'émergence d'une poétique de l'innocence. Camus a la volonté d'édifier un monde équitable. Il dénonce les injustices dans son reportage sur la Kabylie. Il fustige les excès d'une Droite sûre de ses droits en choisissant le ton acerbe du satiriste. Le verbe engagé prend place sur les planches, trouvant là une autre tribune pour énoncer son désir d'un monde de justice et dénoncer les vilenies des hommes et des régimes, des partis, des gouvernements. Il dénonce les tyrannies dans des adaptations théâtrales – Malraux, Gorki – ou dans des créations collectives – Révolte dans les Asturies.
Plus tard – c'est le deuxième temps, le temps de la parole héroïque – il s'engage avec Pia dans la grande aventure de Combat. Sa parole est édifiante. Il fait entendre la voix de l'honneur, en appelle à la justice des nations. Il dénonce les hypocrisies face à l'Espagne franquiste et défend la République en exil. Il s'afflige du silence des Occidentaux devant la dictature. Il en appelle au patriotisme dans ses éditoriaux de Combat. Il s'engage contre l'invasion soviétique en Hongrie. Il poursuit son engagement journalistique et met en place un théâtre engagé, en Algérie, avec des moyens de fortune, puis à Paris dans un moment de sa carrière où il a gagné, par ses romans, ses essais et sa présence à la tribune des journaux, une vraie notoriété.
Puis vient le temps du doute et du désenchantement. Camus se trouve dans la nécessité du silence et d'un retour sur soi. Il s'isole et se marginalise. Il fait l'expérience des limites de l'efficacité du discours. Il adapte les Possédés de Dostoïevski. Cette œuvre magistrale et complexe est le miroir des paradoxes contemporains et d'un climat délétère de manœuvres et de suspicions, de mensonges et d'hypocrisies. Ses dernières interventions journalistiques, obtenues par l'habileté et l'opiniâtreté de Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber et la médiation de Jean Daniel, témoignent d'un accroissement du doute et du désenchantement et cultivent l'art du décalage, de la marge, de l'inattendu. Camus déconcerte. On ne le comprend plus.
Orphée, poète de l'absence
Orphée chante la perte de l'être aimé et charme tous les êtres vivants. C'est la voix singulière de l'homme qui se fait entendre ici. Non plus celle qui s'offre à la communauté mais celle qui s'octroie le droit à la singularité. Camus laisse vibrer la corde sensible du lyrisme, il s'autorise le désir d'harmonie et de fusion au sein d'une nature flamboyante et généreuse, pleine de promesses. Il révèle la fascination féconde pour la tension nietzschéenne entre Apollon et Dionysos et l'exploration d'une forme nouvelle de poésie au plus près de l'homme. La lecture du Nietzsche de La Naissance de la Tragédie lui permet de comprendre la tension féconde entre le beau figé, hiératique, éternel et l'éclatante fulgurance d'une vie qui ne se saisit que dans l'éclair, le fugace, le transitoire, le désordre, la folie. L'antique alliance de l'apollinien et du dionysiaque a permis l'émergence de la tragédie. Cette lucidité ne laisse guère en repos. Elle est exigence de tous les instants et ne cesse de contraindre le sujet à s'interroger sur sa place dans le monde, sur l'origine de la parole, sur l'identité de celui qui parle et sur la coïncidence entre ce qui est senti, ce qui est pensé et ce qui est dit. À moins que le verbe n'ait valeur d'authenticité du fait même qu'il est proféré, sorti de soi. Ces questions hantent Camus qui s'interroge au cœur même de son œuvre, qui fait de ce questionnement une matière poétique. Il s'interroge également, sans être le seul dans ce siècle de guerres, d'hégémonies destructrices et de génocides, dans ce monde où la bravoure cède le pas à la lâcheté et à l'hypocrisie, sur la pertinence d'une parole poétique. Les poètes de ce milieu du XXe siècle, Jabès, Jaccottet, Bonnefoy, Char bien sûr, l'ami intime, n'ont pas éludé l'horreur de leur temps. Au contraire, ils l'ont regardée avec la lucidité des artistes et l'ont inscrite au cœur même de leur œuvre sans renoncer pour autant au réel de la beauté.
Camus poursuit les mêmes exigences que ses contemporains sur une voie qui est la sienne, sur une route où il va, solitaire, sombre et solaire, à la croisée des chemins, dans le clair-obscur des cultures qui se côtoient sans se comprendre. Ces exigences multiples ne sont pas aporétiques. Je les explore en écoutant le son envoûtant de la flûte de Dionysos. C'est une musique de l'insoumission, une musique non régie par le logos. Elle s'approche du mystère des origines et de l'effroi de la mort, elle est au plus près des pulsations intimes, du sang qui bat dans les tempes quand il fait trop chaud ou que l'émotion est trop intense. Elle nous fait entendre l'aulos de la Grèce antique. Elle est l'accord mineur, la gamme de l'être mi-homme, mi-dieu, du satyre, de Pan. Mais ce souffle ne saurait exister sans l'intervention d'Apollon. L'homme jaillit de l'informel dionysiaque. Il devient un individu. Il se saisit du logos. Il chante la beauté du monde accompagné du son mélodieux de sa lyre. L'instrument à cordes remplace l'instrument à vent. La gamme en accord majeur impose sa puissance et son unité harmonieuse. Le poète est alors celui qui cherche la vérité et la beauté, l'équilibre et la vérité. Il est celui qui poursuit l'éternité dans le chant de l'Un retrouvé. Dionysos et Apollon s'équilibrent, ou plus exactement s'offrent l'un à l'autre le pouvoir d'exister. J'ai ajouté un dernier chant, un peu inattendu à ces deux accords premiers, le mineur et le majeur, celui que produit l'arc d'Ulysse alors même que le héros retrouve son arme et se venge des prétendants indignes. Ulysse est présent dans l'œuvre de Camus. Il est l'homme du nostos, l'homme de la nostalgie et de l'exil. Il est celui qui ne renonce jamais. Il est ce héros à la fois brave et faible, invincible et vulnérable, fidèle et infidèle. Il est celui qui a renoncé à l'immortalité que lui offrait Calypso pour retrouver sa femme, son fils, son royaume. Il fait le choix de la précarité. Il est un homme. Il est, dans la métaphore musicale, l'accord dissonant dont parle Clément Rosset, cet accord qui, au contact de l'accord parfait, permet la fugace révélation de l'harmonie perdue.
Adam, le premier homme.
Placé sous le signe d'une temporalité inexorable, il est l'homme de la faute originelle, le père de Caïn, le premier meurtrier, le premier errant. Il rappelle le poids du réel et de l'irrémédiable. Le roman apparaît comme le domaine privilégié pour l'expression de la faute. L'ontologique s'inscrit dans le temporel, le précaire, l'incertain. Je retrouve le même cheminement qui conduit de l'innocence à l'édification et au désenchantement – c'est le parcours que j'ai suivi sous l'égide de Salomon. Je retrouve le désordre fusionnel dionysiaque qui prend ici la forme de la carnavalisation bakthinienne, le goût de l'unité dans la tentation épique, et le désir intact de se maintenir au plus près de l'humaine condition. Les tensions sont les mêmes et s'entrecroisent. L'art du roman inscrit l'homme dans un temps linéaire. Ce temps, dans notre tradition judéo-chrétienne, commence avec la faute originelle qui conduit Dieu à chasser Adam et Ève du paradis où le temps ni la mort n'existent.
La matière fictionnelle peut être un succédané à l'effroi face à la mort et à la culpabilité. Le jeune Camus est d'abord tenté par une forme d'idéalisme. Ses œuvres de jeunesse, influencées par Bergson et Nietzsche, sont teintées de symbolisme métaphysique, d'idéalisme et d'onirisme. Mais, peu à peu, les voix des habitants de Belcourt s'imposent et trouvent un écho plus puissant. L'écriture s'allège. La phrase se densifie en même temps qu'elle accède à une plus grande simplicité. La banalité du quotidien devient la matière première de l'œuvre fictionnelle. Le fait divers devient source de l'inspiration. La création se déploie dans l'ordinaire et délaisse les marges oniriques. Camus s'éloigne d'une conception symbolique de la littérature et d'une approche rousseauiste de l'homme. En réalité, ce parcours n'est pas chronologique. Camus aborde la question du mal dès ses premières œuvres. Dans son Mémoire sur Plotin et saint Augustin, il examine la conception du mal chez les agnostiques puis exprime pour la première fois l'intérêt qu'il porte au christianisme qui est la religion de la souffrance et de la mort. C'est ce moment qui cristallise un imaginaire lié à la souffrance, au sang mais aussi à l'abandon.Une remise en question de la notion du souverain Bien kantien entraîne Camus sur les chemins périlleux de l'exploration des zones obscures, des morts éthiquement inacceptables comme celles des enfants. Il est l'auteur de La Peste mais aussi du « Renégat », de La Chute. Il est l'auteur du meurtre gratuit, de cet acte inacceptable et incompréhensible, dans La Mort heureuse et L'Étranger. Il n'élude pas les monstruosités de la guerre d'Algérie dans Le Premier homme et s'immerge dans les affres slaves, depuis sa mise en scène des Frères Karamazov dans ses jeunes années, jusqu'à celle des Possédés à la fin de sa vie.
Mais l'importance de Dostoïevski ne doit pas oblitérer la place capitale de Tolstoï dans la gestation de l'œuvre. La fréquence des citations de l'auteur de Guerre et Paix montre la très grande fidélité à cet autre géant de la littérature russe du XIXe siècle. Tolstoï excelle dans la représentation de l'homme dans le monde, sous son double aspect, familier et héroïque. Il recherche l'équilibre, la règle, l'intelligibilité, l'ordonnance, l'organisation, l'agencement limpide, la structure, la causalité, le déterminisme. Dostoïevski cultive le désordre, la débauche, la rupture, le bouleversement, la confusion, la violence, l'excès, l'incohérence, le trouble. Il étonne et ravit dans son exploration de l'âme humaine. Tolstoï est du côté de l'épopée, Dostoïevski se situe au cœur de la ménippée. Je trouve là une opposition fondamentale dans la genèse romanesque camusienne, un paradoxe entre l'attrait de l'ordre et du monologisme, le plaisir de la sentence, de l'axiome, le goût de la vérité et de la hauteur de vue – son versant solaire, son adret apollinien et, d'un autre côté, sa tentation du désordre fécond, de la polyphonie, son versant obscur, son ubac dionysiaque.
Cartier, Julie. "Fiction et fictionnalisation au service des idées sociopolitiques de George Sand dans les journaux de 1843 à 1848." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28903/28903.pdf.
Full textOuali, Thabette. "Humanisme et engagement : la première guerre mondiale dans les croix de bois de Roland DORGELES." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30063/document.
Full textLes Croix de bois is a successful novel that raised a great controversy at its release in 1919. Its author Roland Dorgelès depicted with great realism the First World War and the life of the soldiers who were in. A life at the front where the continuous struggles for the victory or the survival gave way to brief moments of rest during the leaves, where they coexist with civilians, far from the trenches. A panorama of the everyday life of ordinary people. Everything is to be redefined in this new war world where the usual guidelines disappear. It’s the new humanism made of love and hate of oneself and the others for the “born again man soldier” of 1914. All the tragedy of the History is straightforwardly denounced but in a singular way. Herein the testimony of Dorgelès, with his significant autobiographical side that brought up the grandness of the commitment literature.From the uncovering of man who left to the front to the uncovering of an author of his first novel, here’s the art of Dorgelès’s writing which is given to read in Les Croix de bois. It’s an unconventional art of writing the war, away from the classical, with an implied reference to Maupassant, Poe, Courteline. An innovative style that mixes the fantastical and the suspense to the acerbic irony and the upsetting laugh. A journalistically poetical-Pictorial writing for the good cause of a human denunciation of the war, never seen before and worth of it. Based on unpublished documents, letters from the front of Dorgelès, the memories brought back by his wife Madeleine and all those who knew him, we propose a reading of Les Croix de bois such the way of the cross of an outcast on his way to an author of his first novel
Saint-Pierre, Marielle. "Les attitudes requises dans l'acte de communication télévisuelle selon la perception qu'en ont six journalistes ou formateurs experts." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textProdhomme, Magali. "La place du discours sur l'éthique dans la construction de l'identité et de l'espace professionnels des journalistes /." Clermont-Ferrand : [Paris] : Université d'Auvergne, Presses universitaires de la Faculté de droit de Clermont-Ferrand : [Fondation Varenne] ; [diff.] LGDJ, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40155589v.
Full textProdhomme, Magali Tétu Jean-François. "La place du discours sur l'éthique dans la construction de l'identité et de l'espace professionnels des journalistes." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/prodhomme_m.
Full textTorre, Aissatou Laba. "Le statut du journaliste sénégalais dans un contexte médiatique en mutation." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020044.
Full textLee, Yi-Pei. "La poétique du "bizarre" et de "la surprise" dans la prose d'imagination de Guillaume Apollinaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA040/document.
Full textGuillaume Apollinaire is undoubtedly one of the most famous French poets of the twentieth century. However, apart from being a key figure in the early avant-garde movements and the author of The Mirabeau Bridge (“Le Pont Mirabeau“) and The Song of the Ill-Beloved (“La Chanson du Mal-Aimé“), the poet played another literary role less known to the public today. In fact, the “imaginative prose” (“la prose d’imagination“)—short stories and novels—of Apollinaire was written in the spirit of “l’esprit nouveau“ and in accordance with a poetics of “surprise“ which also shaped his poetry. Being an avid reader of curiosa and other unusual texts, the prosateur Apollinaire had a predilection for heretics, rogues, maniacs, ungraceful poets and eccentric artists. He was not afraid to write about shocking or unconventional subjects while aiming for aesthetic renewal. This very distinctive fiction writing belongs probably to a certain tradition in literature, where Apollinaire and some of his works remain among the genres and the authors who devoted themselves to fantastic tales, mysteries, anticlerical stories or other subversive texts. Since worldly experience and literary enterprise are inseparable in Apollinaire’s world, it is natural to notice many signs of the writer’s curiosity and his taste for the bizarre in his private library, his journals and his magazine columns. In fact, a large number of the so-called “true falsities“ (“authentiques faussetés“)—a term invented by Apollinaire himself who, as a brilliant raconteur, excelled in mixing reality with fantasy—can actually be found in the writer’s journalistic writing. As for his work of fiction, a similar tendency for mixing also reveals itself in the fusion of different artistic and literary genres. The “imaginative prose“ shows the author’s will to invent out of some existing “frameworks“, to create a new aesthetic free of genre constraints, while remaining faithful to the principles defended by the poet Guillaume Apollinaire
Liebel, Silvia. "Les Médées modernes : La cruauté féminine d'après les canards imprimés français : (1574 - 1651)." Paris 13, 2011. http://books.openedition.org/pur/116511.
Full textThis thesis analyses the representations of the feminine in the occasional literature of Early Modern France. The “canards”, a sort of chapbook with fantastic and bloody stories, offer narratives based on the everyday life, forming a connection with the readers’ universe. Just like the tragic stories, they focus on crime reports, where feminine actions play a central role. Linked to the fears of their time, the women are represented on these stories as infanticides, parricides, adulteresses and witches, harming the masculine order of the world. Acting at the same time as a product and a driving force of the growing moralization of the realm, especially at the dawn of the 17th century, when the Counter Reformation was in course, these texts show the dangers of unruly women. Taking this street literature as a privileged source to Cultural History, this work seeks to understand how a strong system disseminates behavioral role models to a wide public
Prodhomme, Magali. "La place du discours sur l'éthique dans la construction de l'identité et de l'espace professionnels des journalistes." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/prodhomme_m.
Full textBoiton-Malherbe, Sylvie. "La Protection des journalistes en mission périlleuse dans les zones de conflit armé." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596132d.
Full textBoiton-Malherbe, Sylvie. "La protection des journalistes en mission perilleuse dans les zones de conflit arme." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA111008.
Full textOn the basis of a typological and factual inventory of expulsion, arrest, detention, murder of journalists, the thesis focuses on the pretexts advanced by countries in order to hinder the collection of information by foreign journalists. Wether based on the principle of non-discrimination or on the principle of freedom of expression, the present work tries to determine to what extent norms of international law apply specifically to journalists. Forthemore, the work reviews the u. N. Draft convention on the protection of journalists on dangerous mission of 1973 providing for a kind of protection which implies the control of journalist or his behaviour (professionnal ethics) and thus conflicts with the freedom of expression. The only norm from witch a journalist benefits when he is on a dangerous mission refers to the right of war. Article 79 of the additional protocol i to the geneva conventions of 12 august of 1949 witch deals armed international conflicts. (this norm is not included in additional protocol ii with deals with armed conflicts witch are not international in scope. ) by way of a comparison beetween the protection of humanitarian rights on the one hand and the protection enjoyed by a physician on the other, this work sets out to explain why a journalist on dangerous mission functions as a custodian of the right of people to obtain information on warfare. Finally, the question arises as to why journalists are in suchhigh demand as "hostages" in the context of today's international bargainin
Bondol, Jean-Claude. "L'énonciation dans la communication médiatique : fonctionnement de l'implicite subjectif dans les discours du mode authentifiant de la télévision." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/145513807#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to analyse the functioning, and in particular the implicit functioning, the linguistic and extra-linguistic forms of subjectivity that mask the practitioners of media communication, the defenders of a mythic conception of objectivity. Supported by well known theories articulated on the semantic, the pragmatic and the psychological, it seeks to construct a general and ambitious definition of television subjectivity. Thus the instruments of analyses and the concepts employed are mainly borrowed from the linguistic analyses of discourse. The analyses carried out essentially on a body of television productions of an authentic mode, is attentive to the linguistic materiality concerning which it doesn't neglect any facet, but also, following the actual tendencies of research on subjectivity, to the social and cognitive aspects. This hypothesis of an omnipresence of subjectivity in the language of television is amply verified and the thesis makes a significant contribution to the debate on journalistic deontology
Bonnamour, Pascale. "Emergence d'une nouvelle catégorie de journalistes russes dans la transition : rôle et enjeux de la presse écrite dans l'évolution historique de la Russie, entre 1985 et 1998." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081503.
Full textBy defining three crucials phases inside the process of renewal of journalistic elites in soviet union and in russia (1985-1989,1990-1991 and 1992-1998) we intentionally put this research in an historical perspective. In this manner, we tried to understand how journalists had an influence on the mutations on the way in the country, during this period. Actually, in which measure could they emancipate - or not - and settle the base of a + fourth power ; ? analysis of these three phases permits us to prove that the emergence of a new category of russian journalists after 1991, called + vos'midesjatniki;(people of the eighties), is equally conditioned by external facts of the context and also by internal pressures inherent in this new social group which is in total restructuration between 1985 and 1998. Due to the extreme topicality of the subject, we cross-checked data from documents and declarations of russian journalists, gathered in moscow. We can affirm that this new russian journalistic + school ;, which is asserting itself since 1991, overlapping of two distinct generations, has every chance to dure after 1998, because of its abilities to ensure a sociological and an historical continuity. + vos'midesjatniki ;, still at the head of the main newspapers today, assert the literary and emotional specificity of the new russian journalism, bornt during tsarist russia, even if at the same time it westernized since 1991. In this manner this new +school; is dissociating from historical evolution of russia, which is, taken as a whole, is becoming similar to america, concerning politics, economics, culture or society. Journalists proved that they represent a strong and homogeneous social entity and that they can be a structured power-pole, which is a fondamental component for stabilization and democraty in russia during the transition
Da, Silva Frédéric. "Aux confins du naturalisme : Paul Bonnetain (1858-1899)." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030156.
Full textPaul Bonnetain is a forgotten writter, although his two first novels, Charlot s’amuse (1883) and L’Opium (1886), are still famous because of their outrancies. He had a rich life made of various experiences and far away travels which feed his imagination. In 1881, he begins in parisan press and raises quickly to the most famous news papers, among others with his short stories which conciliate Realism and Exotism. His career was punctuated with ambiguities and contradictories statements and his litteraries influences are both numerous and various. If his admiration for Edmond de Goncourt remains the same, the fervent disciple of Émile Zola he was, renounced Naturalism with crashes, as instigator of the “Manifeste des Cinq” in 1887. Although he was a great figure of the litterary word of his time and recognized for his lively and coloured style, he left Paris to take up a colonial career. Paul Bonnetain explorated unkown geographic spacies and found news litteraries horizons too. For all these reasons, his works must be discovered
Roussel-Richard, Lucie. "Les écrivaines-journalistes sous la monarchie de Juillet : la presse au service d'une reconnaissance littéraire." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC030/document.
Full textThe present research questions the press pf the July Monarchy as a space of composition and experimentation of the position of woman writer-journalist. It undertakes to analyse the tactics of acceptability and the strategies of writing aimed at the literary recognition of women
Gauthier, Sébastien. "Les grands dilemmes des journalistes mexicains dans le contexte de la couverture du crime organisé." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24257.
Full textSt-Pierre, Marilou. "Les pratiques professionnelles genrées : Le cas des journalistes sportifs québécois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29379/29379.pdf.
Full textEluther, Ena. "L'africanité dans la littérature caribéenne." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3001.
Full textCan the africanity of caribbean cultures come down to distant survivals, or constitute the foundation of these cultures ? Literature, as a mirror of peoples, as a painting of cultures, as art, allows to perceive the cultural and literary continuity between the african continent and its caribbean diaspora. The comparison of english-speaking and french-speaking novels from the Caribbean and from West Africa and Central Africa shows common cultural features and literary topoi from one area to the other : colonial trauma, protection and adaptation of ancestral legacy, common spiritual values, linguistic problematics, paintings of resistance struggles in which the writer himself is in the frontline. This comparative study, which sometimes draws from caribbean and african oral literature, as from caribbean spanish-speaking literature, suggests that one should view the afro-caribbean cultural expressions as an extension of african cultural expressions, offering in this way a large panorama of the cultural and literary black world. From 1921 to the early years 2000, this analysis takes into account the changes of african and caribbean literatures and the societies they represent. Have the changes definitively broken the african civilizational unity, the cultural links between Africa and the Americas ? On the contrary, the reading of the novels of the corpus shows an homogeneous and coherent picture of cultural and literary expressions of Africa and its caribbean diaspora, so doing putting Africa back into the center of caribbean culture
Murcia, Thierry. "Jésus dans la littérature talmudique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3076.
Full textThis study presents a survey and a systematic analysis of the passages of Talmudic literature (Mishna – Tosefta – Palestinian Talmud – Babylonian Talmud – Midrashim), relative to Jesus or are supposed to be. The documents are examined, criticized and confronted to other sources of Jewish or Christian origin (Hellenistic Jewish literature, Jewish Apocrypha, rabbinic sources, Targumim, Toledot Yeshu – New Testament, Apostolic Fathers, Church Fathers). The investigation tries to answer to several questions: - What did the rabbis exactly know about Jesus? - Has their information any historical value? - Has their perception undergone some evolution? - Did the rabbis of the Talmud have access to the Gospels as a written source? The conclusion of this thesis is that all these documents are rooted in their Sitz im leben. They obviously attest – contra Peter Schäfer (Jesus in the Talmud, 2007) – that the rabbis had no direct acquaintance with the Gospels as written documents. This study also shows, concerning the Babylonian Talmud, that all the passages relative to Jesus belong to the last editorial layer of this corpus (VIIe-VIIIe century)
Fiolet, Mathieu. "La fabrique des faits-divers : le travail des journalistes faits-diversiers dans la presse quotidienne locale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100106.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to understand how works a specific category of journalists from day to day: those who produce the “fait-divers” section in daily local newspapers. Even if articles of this section are very popular, newspapers readers, journalism students and even those journalist’s co-workers are ignorant of the functioning of this section. This thesis presents the “fait-divers” articles as products coming out of a factory and has the purpose to describe the machine that manufactures them. It takes an interest in its inner workings that are the different actors in the system, by listing them and by showing how these different “pieces” combine and work together. It focuses on the adjustments but also the dysfunctions of the machine. It takes an interest in the different ways of functioning, which aren’t the same from one newspaper to the other, and in the effects these ways of functioning can cause on those products coming out of a factory: the “fait-divers” articles. The investigation was conducted by participant observation. The author worked full-time during twenty months at different positions as a journalist in three different daily local newspapers located in three different districts. A series of interviews of about twenty journalists working in thirteen other French daily local newspapers was conducted, along with a systematic counting of the content of the “fait-divers” section of one of the studied newspaper, to complete this investigative work. The main theoretical contribution of this thesis involves an analytical description of a specific model of exchange relationships between journalists and state institutions such as police, judiciary, and emergency services. A model that is likely to apply to other work relationships in different professional backgrounds
López, Cabello Iván. "José Bergamín, une voix républicaine et dissidente dans l'Espagne de la Transition." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100183/document.
Full textBased on a multidisciplinary approach and favoring the relation between historic and literary studies, this work is presented in three sections, each addressing the main topic: the dissident discourse of the writer José Bergamín in the Spanish Transition, from different angles. The first section approaches the subject based on issues related to the Historical Memory Movement in Spain along with a new understanding of the Spanish Transition to democracy. Against this background, Bergamín’s dissident voice takes on a whole new meaning that calls into question the marginalization of this outstanding 20th century Spanish intellectual. The second part presents a thematic analysis of Bergamín’s journalistic articles for Sábado Gráfico, the main source of reference for this research. Through this magazine Bergamín was able to freely express his opinions until censorship brought about his dismissal. The third part offers a political and chronological account of Bergamín’s discourse throughout the previously mentioned articles and portrays a testimony of dissent with the Spanish Transition, based on his opposition to monarchy and his struggle for the republic as an alternative. This research confirms the validity of the key hypothesis raised, namely that Bergamín was the spokesman of the «España peregrina», firmly rooted in a republican faith nurtured by historical memory and experience, opposed to the spirit of reconciliation and accord that guided the Transition and endorsed the present parliamentary monarchy, the original legitimacy of which he never stopped questioning
Partiendo de una apertura multidisciplinar y privilegiando la relación de los estudios históricos y literarios, se presenta el conjunto de este trabajo en tres partes que corresponden a acercamientos diferentes del tema, centrado en el discurso disidente del escritor José Bergamín en la Transición. La primera parte plantea un acercamiento al tema a partir de cuestiones relacionadas con el movimiento por la memoria en la España actual y con las relecturas de la Transición que se vienen haciendo, contexto en el que la voz disidente de Bergamín adquiere un nuevo significado que cuestiona la marginación que sigue caracterizando a esta destacada figura de la intelectualidad española del siglo XX. La segunda parte ofrece una presentación y una caracterización temática de la fuente principal consultada, que corresponde a la colaboración periodística que mantuvo con la revista Sábado Gráfico, gracias a la cual pudo expresar libremente su opinión, hasta que los problemas con la censura causaron su cese. La tercera y última parte ofrece una lectura política y cronológica del discurso ofrecido por Bergamín en dichos artículos, como una manifestación de la disidencia en la España de la Transición, basada en el rechazo de la monarquía y en la reivindicación de la república como alternativa. Esta investigación confirma la validez de la hipótesis principal planteada, según la cual Bergamín desempeñó el rol de portavoz de una «España peregrina», en base a una fe republicana alimentada por la memoria y la experiencia histórica, confrontada al espíritu de reconciliación y concordia que guió la Transición y que da sentido a la Monarquía parlamentaria vigente, cuya legitimidad de origen no dejó de cuestionar
Kohn, Jessica. ""Travailler dans les Petits Mickeys" : les dessinateurs-illustrateurs en France et en Belgique de 1945 à 1968." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA024/document.
Full textThis dissertation documents the cartoonist’s trade in France and francophone Belgium from 1945 to 1968. Although this career has been traditionally addressed through the prism of comic art or political cartooning, this study based on a prosopographic approach and the analysis of 400 professional trajectories demonstrates that in the 1950s and 1960s, the trade was a multi-faceted one, in so far as cartoonists were equally likely to produce illustration art, political cartoons, or comics. Their dependence on the market typically brought them to rely upon multiple accounts and graphic techniques, particularly in comic magazines—the medium most closely analyzed in this study to comprehend their professional practices.The cartoonists’ versatility and dependence on the market directly conditioned how they perceived and defined their jobs in social, political, and legal terms. For most of them beingidentified as journalists became a recurring goal as the best means to take advantage of the same benefits and rights as wage-earners in post-World War II France and Belgium. Yet a minorityvalued self-employment. In their graphic productions many cartoonists fulfilled functions similar to those of journalists.Both in the mainstream press and mass-produced books they observed and recorded the values, innovations, and collective interrogations of their national societies in the postwar decades. It was against this background that comics and nonsense cartooning became established graphicforms, although they were often practiced by the same individuals
Cally, Jean William. "LA BÊTE DANS LA LITTÉRATURE FANTASTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457638.
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