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1
Balguy-Gallois, Alexandre. "Protection des journalistes et des médias en période de conflit armé." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge/International Review of the Red Cross 86, no. 853 (March 2004): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1560775500180095.
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Debs, Sylvie. "Des "versets sataniques" à Charlie Hebdo: 1989-2015 - Protéger la liberté d´'expression artistique: une utopie?" Revista Jurídica da UFERSA 4, no. 8 (December 30, 2020): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21708/issn2526-9488.v4.n8.p1-18.2020.
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La condamnation à mort de Salman Rushdie par la fatwa de l’Ayatollah Khomeiny pour les Versets sataniques a marqué l’entrée dans l’ère post 1989 avec l’apparition d’un terrorisme d’État à l’échelle planétaire qui a secoué le monde entier comme lors de l’attentat des journalistes et dessinateurs de Charlie Hebdo en 2015. Les assassinats d’intellectuels et de journalistes en Algérie entre 1991 et 2002, celui de Théo Van Gogh aux Pays Bas en 2004, la controverse des caricatures de Mahomet en 2005 au Danemark participent du même récit fondateur d’un islam radical qui réfute la liberté d’expression artistique. Face à ce danger qui touche aussi bien les pays musulmans que non musulmans, l’organisme international de défense et protection de la liberté d’expression des écrivains comme le PEN International s’est renforcé, et d’autres, comme Index on Censorship, Article 19, Human Rights Watch, Reporters Sans Frontières, Le Parlement International des Écrivains, International Cities of Refugee Network, Cartooning for Peace, Scholars at Risk, Human Rights Defenders ou encore Artists at Risk Connection, ont vu le jour devant l’augmentation exponentielle du nombre de personnes menacées. L’article analyse le cas de Salman Rushdie ainsi que les causes de la menace d’attaque terroriste à l’encontre des écrivains, définit les nouveaux contours de la censure, puis présente les mécanismes de protection mis en place à travers le monde par des organisations à but non lucratif.
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Nurahmansyah, Karuniawan. "Pertimbangan Kewajiban Prinsip Deklaratif pada Hak Cipta Fotografi Jurnalistik melalui Media Internet." JURNAL RECHTENS 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/rechtens.v8i1.485.
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The principle of declarative at the applications have to give priority to the announcementearly so that the creation of and find refuge , related on permasalah that occurs especially thejournalist they still have not realized and understand the importance of copyright protectionon works journalistic photography , copyright protection arranged on act number 28 years2014 on copyright .In general to get the protection of the law on the rights of copyright is todo recording the creation of on works copyright , but the registration of the work of thecreation of not as evidence that of that work have received the protection of the law , it is justthat as the notions of the preliminary to the process of evidence copyright sengeketa whenyour words come true .Journalist did not yet fully understand his creatures that a workcenters on the rights of journalists and the importance of moral right moral soul because isthe creator of the journalis.Keywords: The declarative, legal protection, copyright, photography journalistic
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Ostrohliad, Oleksandr. "Criminal law regulation in the professional activity of a journalist." Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, no. 11(23) (June 11, 2020): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2021.11.23.171-180.
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Purpose. The purpose of the work is to determine certain aspects of criminal law regulation of a journalist's professional activity. Indicate the elements of such regulation. Draw a distinction between the protection of the professional activity of a journalist and his personality, as a representative of society, performing a special role. Analyze certain features of the protection of the professional activity of a journalist in countries that have a part of a common history with Ukraine. The methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of appropriate conclusions and recommendations. In the course of the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: terminological, logical-semantic, system-structural, logical-normative, comparative-legal. Results in the course of the conducted research it was determined that the professional activity of a journalist has sufficient protection by criminal legislation. As for the protection of the journalist himself, it can be considered excessive, which is also indicated by a superficial analysis of the criminal legislation of certain foreign countries. On the basis of a comparative study, it was determined that the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine eliminates certain problems of excessive criminal legal protection of the journalist’s personality. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research, it was established that the elements of protection of the professional activity of a journalist and his personality can be divided into three conditional groups: 1) protection of professional activity, 2) protection of the personality of a journalist and his rights, 3) some immunities of professional activity, that is, non-recognition of certain actions as a criminal offense journalist. As for the criminal offenses, to the commission of which the journalist may be involved, the conditional division can be - offenses related to professional activities and offenses not related to such. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in law-making activities to improve the norms of the current legislation providing for the protection of the professional activity of a journalist, as well as for further scientific research on the issues of protecting a journalist and his professional activity in Ukraine.
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Marchand, Jacques. "Rôle et responsabilités des journalistes et de la presse dans la protection de la santé du sportif de haut niveau." Les Cahiers de l'INSEP 31, no. 1 (2001): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/insep.2001.1615.
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Gratadour, Audrey. "Les limites du droit dans la compréhension de l’afflux migratoire syrien." Études internationales 49, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 261–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1055687ar.
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RésuméCertains décideurs considèrent avec méfiance l’arrivée de nouveaux « migrants ». Les journalistes et les politiques y ont très certainement un rôle à jouer : ils utilisent souvent une sémantique attisant les peurs. Sur le terrain, cet état d’esprit participe à la mise en danger des personnes déplacées. Le droit pourrait-il contribuer à proposer une vision plus claire et plus compréhensible de cette situation et favoriser ainsi la protection effective de ces personnes ? Le droit est conçu comme porteur de rationalité, il apparaît utile et pertinent. Toutefois, on peut légitimement se demander si la confusion existante à propos des mouvements de population n’est pas directement liée à une défaillance du droit. L’étude des interactions entre le droit et son environnement dans le cadre de la théorie interdisciplinaire des systèmes dynamiques complexes apportera des éléments de réponse.
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Prahassacitta, Vidya. "Citizen Journalism in Cyber Media: Protection and Legal Responsibility Under Indonesian Press Law." Humaniora 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v8i1.3695.
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Phenomena of citizen journalism had accepted and become part of cyber media. Cyber media owned and managed by press companies had featured citizen journalists’ information, critics, opinions, and news. Citizen journalism was part of freedom of expression. However, in Indonesia’s press law concept, it was not part of the national press. This created legal issues regarding protection and legal responsibility aspects for both parties. A qualitative research was conducting to solving these issues. Using secondary data from literature study and observation on several cyber media websites, this discovers two conclusions. First, the citizen journalist is part of freedom of the press; it means that a citizen journalist’s creation has protected form censor and bans. However, a citizen journalist still has a limitation which shall be complied videlicet Civil Code and Law No. 11 The year 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transaction. Violation of both regulations means that a citizen journalist shall be legally responsible. Second, protection and responsibility border between a citizen journalist and press company are based on an agreement. Approval of term and condition of general user content in a website from a citizen journalist means that both parties have agreed to enter into an agreement. A press company might be freed of its legal responsibility as long as conducted its obligation to control and manage contents that have been uploaded and published by a citizen journalist. If the company does not take proportional action against citizen journalist’ contents that violating the law, the press company shall be requested its civil or criminal legal responsibility.
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Fernandez, Joseph. "Journalists’ confidential sources: Reform lessons from recent Australian shield law cases." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i1.190.
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That journalism, especially journalism delving into serious impropriety, relies heavily upon a journalist’s ability to honour promises of confidentiality to sources, and therefore needs protection, has been well acknowledged. Former Attorney-General Philip Ruddock in proposing protection for journalists’ confidential sources—commonly referred to as shield law—in the first such major federal level initiative, said ‘[t]his privilege is an important reform to evidence law’ (Explanatory Memorandum, 2007); and in the circumstances then prevailing ‘the protection of journalists is too important an issue to wait’ (Philip Ruddock, Second Reading Speech, 2007). In one instance the court went so far as to say that the importance of source protection was ‘entirely unexceptionable and in accordance with human experience and common sense’ (Liu, 2010, para 51). Are journalists’ confidential sources better protected with the advent of statutory protection in several Australian jurisdictions? The media does not think so (MEAA, 2013). Former Attorney-General Mark Dreyfus observed towards the end of his term of office: ‘Recent court proceedings have highlighted the inadequacy of protections for journalists in some jurisdictions and lack of uniformity in laws across Australia’ (Dreyfus, 2013). The current Commonwealth government in relation to national uniform shield law is unclear. The Australian shield law framework beckons reform and recent events indicate some potential reform areas.
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Fuqoha, Fuqoha, Indrianti Azhar Firdausi, and Arga Eka Sanjaya. "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Intervensi Pemberitaan dalam Kerangka Kemerdekaan Pers Nasional." Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/ajudikasi.v3i1.1436.
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Law protection for journalists has been guaranteed through legislation as outlined in law number 40 of 1999 concerning the press. Through the press law, the independence of the national press is a priority as a form of protection in the world of the press. In order to safeguard the independence of the national press, an independent body was formed which took care of and supervised the national press, the press council. Among the duties and functions of the press council is to enforce journalistic ethics through a journalistic code of ethics as a guide for journalists both journalists and press companies. The dynamics that occur, violations of the journalistic code of ethics sometimes create clashes with the public or the community who feel disadvantaged which results in conflict with the law. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a normative juridical approach. From the analysis of this study shows that legal protection against violations of the journalistic code of ethics and the independence of the national press is adjusted to the main laws of the press against the intervention of parties who feel disadvantaged. The independence of the national press is directed at independence and without intervention in a story.
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Horvat, M. S. F. "S. Boiton-Malherbe, La Protection des journalistes en mission périlleuse dans les zones de conflit armé, Bruylant, Brussels 1989, XXV + 404 pp., BFr.430." Netherlands International Law Review 37, no. 03 (December 1990): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00006859.
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Wallace, Stuart. "The Journalist—Source Relationship in Context: A Comparative Review of US and English Law." Common Law World Review 38, no. 3 (September 2009): 268–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/clwr.2009.38.3.0190.
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This paper analyses the legal protection of the journalist–source relationship from both sides and the underlying interests involved. The paper begins by analysing why the relationship deserves protection. The position of journalists at common law is analysed with a discussion of the application of the principle established in Norwich Pharmacal v Customs and Excise to journalists. The development of immunity from contempt in s. 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 is examined to illustrate the ideological clash between the judiciary and journalists. The impact of the Human Rights Act and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights are analysed to assess whether this will lead to a change in attitudes in the UK. Finally, the potential threat to journalists posed by compelled evidentiary disclosure in criminal cases is reviewed, with a particular look at ‘special procedure’ material. The US section begins with an analysis of the law at federal level, the decisions of the Supreme Court, including the leading decision of Branzburg v Hayes, as well as the role the legislature has played. The paper then analyses protections provided at state level, with a case study of the California shield law and a review of Californian jurisprudence.
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Mallein, Jean. "BOITON-MALHERBE, Sylvie. La protection des journalistes en mission périlleuse dans les zones de conflit armé. Bruxelles, Établissement Emile Bruylant, Coll. « Droit international », 1989, 431p." Études internationales 22, no. 2 (1991): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/702864ar.
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Meurant, Jacques. "La protection des journalistes en mission périlleuse dans les zones de conflit armé - Boiton-Malherbe Sylvie: La protection des journalistes en mission périlleuse dans les zones de conflit armé, avant-propos de Jean Pictet; préf. de Mario Bettati, Bruylant, Université de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, 1989, XXV, 404 p., ill., tabl., fac-sim. (Collection de droit international, 23)." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 72, no. 783 (June 1990): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100059645.
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Ibrahim, Amrita. "Law, Love, and Marriage: Television News and the Production of Publicity in North India." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 8, no. 2 (December 2017): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927617728139.
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Journalism’s mandate is a paradoxical one: to publicize stories of social injustice and sustain their visibility in the public domain, while battling the decay of publicity that is inherent in the very genre of information that is daily news. In this article, I argue that the legitimacy and credibility that Hindi crime journalists create for stories relies on their keen understanding of a complex terrain of institutional scripts and social actions from which the news stories themselves emerge. Analyzing a breaking news story on Hindi channels in 2011, featuring a secret marriage, kinship role inversion, and a woman’s public plea for protection from family intimidation, the article explores the complex interpenetration of journalistic, institutional, and social scripts that make up the fraught terrain of “love marriage” in North India. I show, first, how journalists remediate the authority of photographic images through the news image to secure credibility for the story; second, how they locate the story within local and global discourses of criminality and “honor” that fits it into recognizable journalistic storylines. I conclude by suggesting that the production of publicity in television news, in which industrial constraints and the pressure for ratings plays a substantial role, nevertheless relies on existing institutional discourses and social norms with respect to the framing of love, marriage, and criminality. To understand how 24-hour news cycles generate sensationalism, we cannot ignore the sociological ground from which the news stories emerge and through which they circulate to reinforce or reinvent normative cultural scripts.
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Vuohelainen, Minna. "‘[B]etween power and the people’: Journalist-Investigators in Nordic Crime Fiction." Crime Fiction Studies 1, no. 1 (March 2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2020.0007.
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Recent Nordic crime fiction contains numerous amateur detectives who are professional journalists. Their presence is partly explained by the shared roots and formal affinities of crime reportage and crime fiction, and by the journalistic backgrounds of many Nordic crime writers. However, the rise of the journalist-investigator as a rival to traditional police detectives is also a mark of growing distrust in the competence of the Nordic welfare state and its officials. Nordic journalist-investigators are typically crusading reporters motivated by a desire to uncover and prevent social injustice, including the neglect and abuse of vulnerable social groups by absent, incompetent or corrupt public officials. In acting as moral guardians of social justice, journalist-investigators carry out the principle of the press as a fourth estate, designed to check state power by publicising abuses of authority, and signal a possible shift from the welfare state towards a civil society. However, this role is also compromised by the ethical dilemmas journalist-investigators face between the demands of uncovering information, protecting vulnerable witnesses, informing the public, preventing crime and meeting commercial imperatives. These conflicts spotlight troubling tendencies within crime fiction and crime reportage: both kinds of writing are underpinned by a narrative structure of anticipation, suspense and dramatic revelation and premised upon the reader's voyeuristic investment in sensational subjects.
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Gohdes, Anita R., and Sabine C. Carey. "Canaries in a coal-mine? What the killings of journalists tell us about future repression." Journal of Peace Research 54, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343316680859.
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An independent press that is free from government censorship is regarded as instrumental to ensuring human rights protection. Yet governments across the globe often target journalists when their reports seem to offend them or contradict their policies. Can the government’s infringements of the rights of journalists tell us anything about its wider human rights agenda? The killing of a journalist is a sign of deteriorating respect for human rights. If a government orders the killing of a journalist, it is willing to use extreme measures to eliminate the threat posed by the uncontrolled flow of information. If non-state actors murder journalists, it reflects insecurity, which can lead to a backlash by the government, again triggering state-sponsored repression. To test the argument whether the killing of journalists is a precursor to increasing repression, we introduce a new global dataset on killings of journalists between 2002 and 2013 that uses three different sources that track such events across the world. The new data show that mostly local journalists are targeted and that in most cases the perpetrators remain unconfirmed. Particularly in countries with limited repression, human rights conditions are likely to deteriorate in the two years following the killing of a journalist. When journalists are killed, human rights conditions are unlikely to improve where standard models of human rights would expect an improvement. Our research underlines the importance of taking the treatment of journalists seriously, not only because failure to do so endangers their lives and limits our understanding of events on the ground, but also because their physical safety is an important precursor of more repression in the future.
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Suriyanto, Suriyanto. "The Function of the Press Council in Supporting Legal Protection for Journalists to Actualise the Press Freedom." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n1p104.
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The Press Law established in 1999 as one of the main agenda for reform is a step forward in the effort to actualize press freedom, which is one of the important pillars in a democratic country. The Press Law introduces several things that are intended to strengthen press freedom as well as the quality of journalistic works. Among them are the participation of the community in supervising the press and the functions of the Press Council to receive complaints from the community and to establish and enforce the journalistic code of ethics with the press organization.
However, until now the efforts to continue criminalization against journalists in Indonesia. Law enforcers still do not have a unified view that is in accordance with the spirit of democracy to realize press freedom in Indonesia. This was mainly driven by the practice of state legislation that sets out other laws, such as the ITE Law and the Pornography Law after the Press Law which contains provisions that open multiple interpretations of the provisions of the Press Law. The role of the Press Council in legal protection for journalists has also not been seen and it is as if it has become a new institution that repressed journalists.
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Hardian, Arvin, Tuty Mutiah, Wulan Apriani, and Agung Raharjo. "KONSTRUKSI JURNALISTIK INVESTIGASI DALAM PERSPEKTIF ANALISIS WACANA MODEL TEUN A.VAN DIJK (SEBUAH STUDI KASUS PENEMBAKAN LASKAR FRONT PEMBELA ISLAM DI MAJALAH TEMPO)." Cakrawala - Jurnal Humaniora 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/jc.v21i1.9842.
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Investigation journalistic construction in the perspective of discourse analysis by Teun A. Van Dijk (A Case Study of the Islamic Defenders Front Laskar Shooting in Tempo Magazine) Van Dijk's analyst is how journalists hear and understand events. How these events are understood, through a process of meaning and mental help to understand this phenomenon as part of the news production process, which refers to the code of ethics and legal norms that apply. Meanwhile, Investigation journalism must have at least some basic elements of investigation. As; uncovering crime, wide-scale, answering all important public questions, placing the actors involved in a straightforward manner, and the public can understand the complexity of the problem. Results of the analysis; The Tempo reporter in the above case wanted to convey that the public has a position before the law. Tempo Magazine also wants to show its accuracy in compiling a cover both side chronology of the shooting of FPI members as well as protecting sources who are not willing to be identified. Furthermore, in a sematical manner, the Tempo journalist questioned Rizieq's incitement article. In the end of his report, the Tempo reporter wanted to invite his readers to describe the situation in Megamendung after Rizieq's return from Saudi Arabia by giving a strong impression of security in the hope that the public impression would be authentic.Keywords: Investigation, journalistic production.
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Šepec, Miha, Jan Stajnko, Klara Avsec, Tamara Dugar, Živa Šuta, and Suzana Žilič Fišer. "The European whistleblowing directive: a legislative barrier between journalists and their sources?" Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 7-8 (May 13, 2020): 1528–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443720923525.
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Whistleblowers, and their cooperation with journalists, constitute a key element in preventing wrongdoings and protecting public interests. This contribution examines how they are protected in the recent Directive (EU) 2019/1937 on the Protection of Persons Reporting on Breaches of Union Law. It highlights that the final wording of the Directive still raises a number of potential concerns. The legislative process behind the Directive is outlined, illustrating the lack of consensus between the European Parliament and the Council during its drafting procedure. It is furthermore explained how the Directive aims to protect individuals from suffering retaliation in cases where they report violations of EU law. Finally, common criticisms regarding certain solutions such as the sectoral and tiered approach are addressed. These issues will have an effect on the whistleblowers’ motivation in raising the alarm, thereby diminishing their role as a journalist source.
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Aleksandrova, Olga A., Zoya A. Khotkina, Yulia V. Burdastova, and Yulia S. Nenakhova. "Gender aspects of employment in Russian mass media: impact of socio-political context and information technologies." POPULATION 23, no. 2 (2020): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.2.13.
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The article presents the results of a study of employment in the Russian media. Given the global trend of feminization of the media, the issues of professional self-realization, salary and career growth were analyzed through the prism of gender. The research tools included, firstly, a mass questionnaire of media workers holding both creative and administrative positions; secondly, a series of in-depth structured interviews with experts experienced in working as journalists and editors-in-chief; heads of journalistic associations; owners and founders of publications; heads of HR services of media structures; and thirdly, analysis of statistics relating to the editorial corps of editions at the municipal, regional and national levels — in the latter case the data on leading news agencies and Internet resources were analyzed. The study confirmed the trend of feminization, which is based on the socio-political (reducing the influence of the media and, consequently, lower salaries) and technological aspects (spread of information technology, forcing traditional media to compete with social media, saving on staff and reducing the quality of materials). Dissatisfied with the decline in income and in the prestige of the profession men were replaced by women, that was facilitated by a marked increase in the accessibility of journalistic education. The size of salaries depends on decisiveness of the media, on region, and also on the topics that a journalist is engaged in; in general, the willingness of women to work for a lower salary is forced. Precarious employment that is widespread in the industry deprives workers of social protection, while most of them are young women. The article examines the so-called “glass ceilings”: the more influential the media, the less often it is led by a woman. At the same time, only a quarter of the respondents acknowledge the presence of gender discrimination in their industry, and most of them are women. This is partly due to the prevalence among journalists of both sexes of traditional ideas about the distribution of the social roles of men and women in family and in society.
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Odii, Chijioke, Kelechi Johnmary Ani, and Victor Ojakorotu. "Journalism in COVID-19 Web: Assessing the Gains, Pains, and Perils of Nigerian Journalists in Coronavirus Containment." Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2021.09.02.8.
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The study evaluated the effect of COVID-19 and the containment measures on Nigerian journalists and journalism practice in Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, with a questionnaire and personal interviews as instruments for data collection. A total of 362 copies of the questionnaire were correctly completed and returned by the respondents, and 25 editors and management staff of selected media organizations in Nigeria were interviewed for the study. The study's findings indicated that Nigerian journalists were actively involved in COVID-19 containment efforts in the country and that COVID-19 containment measures negatively affected journalists' performance and journalism practice in Nigeria. It is recommended, among others, that Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be provided for a journalist covering the pandemic, and journalists' fundamental human rights should be respected in COVID-19 containment efforts.
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Handayani, Emi Puasa. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP JURNALIS WARGA YANG BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI." DIVERSI : Jurnal Hukum 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/diversi.v1i1.125.
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Along with the development of technology with the invention of the internet, the speed information cannot be blocked. Black list that occurredin the print era no longer applied when the era of information technology. The problem is, when it appears journalists from citizens namely the ordinary citizens who write news or facts in blogs or personal website, then it is exposed to public whether there is any protection for the journalist. These are problems that were examined in the article titled Legal Protection Against Journalists Citizen-Based Information Technology. The results of this study can be concluded that now everyone can write and submit his writings to the audience with ease. Currently in Indonesia citizen journalism grown fairly well. This is evidenced by the number of blogs that exist in Indonesia and made by the people of Indonesia. The existence of the blog has signaled that citizen journalism is a phenomenon that is in demand and will continue to grow in the community. The nature of citizen journalism that allows all internet users can enter information that he had through the Internet, can cause a state of some kind of 'abuse of power' by the accessor. The absence of clear boundaries about what should and should not be put on the internet has made sites and blogs contain information that should not be. Therefore it needs to be a rule in the special form of legislation on the protection of citizen journalists. Keywords : Legal Protection, Citizen J
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Apriliyanto, Migel, and Made Maharta Yasa. "Khashoggi Case and the Issue of Human Rights Protectionof Journalists." Kertha Patrika 40, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/kp.2018.v40.i03.p01.
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Jamal Khashoggi is known for his very sharp critics to Saudi Arabian Governments. He was murdered at the Consulate facility of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul- Turkey. The case has become a concern of international society, put the questions of freedom of expression and press as well the security of journalist. This article is a normative legal research that is aimed to analyze the international human rights law’s protection to the journalist's activities and to discuss the case of Khashoggi, specifically on the issue which authorities that have obligations to impose legal sanctions to the alleged perpetrators. The research suggests that there have been international human rights norms and principles that protect journalist activities. In addition, it suggests that Turkey has jurisdiction to launch an investigation and prosecute the perpetrators who involve in the murder of Jamal Khashoggi.
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Fernandez, Joseph M. "Pass the Source—Journalism’s Confidentiality Bane in the Face of Legislative Onslaughts." Asia Pacific Media Educator 27, no. 2 (October 25, 2017): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x17728822.
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‘Journalism under siege’ proclaimed the cover of The Walkley Magazine, an Australian publication dedicated to promoting journalism excellence in its March 2017 issue. This headline reflects the severe disruption journalism is experiencing globally. Facts used to be facts and news was news but now we have ‘alternative facts’ and ‘fake news’ (Media Watch, 2017). Against this backdrop, a persistent dilemma for journalism has been the impact of the law on journalists relying on confidential sources who play a critical part in providing access to information. The journalism profession’s apparent source protection gains have been undermined by legislative and other assaults, and it has had a chilling effect on journalists’ contacts with confidential sources. The Australian journalists’ union, the Media Alliance, has warned that ‘it is only a matter of time’ before a journalist is convicted for refusing to disclose a confidential source (Murphy, 2017, p. 3). This article builds on earlier work examining how Australian journalists are coping in their dealings with confidential sources. This article (a) reports on the findings from an Australian study into journalists’ confidential sources and (b) identifies lessons and reform potentials arising from these findings.
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Grigorov, Aleksandra. "Violation of the right to privacy on the internet portals in Serbia: Case studies of portals Espreso and B92." CM: Communication and Media 15, no. 47 (2020): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/cm15-20143.
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This study analyses the characteristics and possibilities of protection of privacy rights on the Internet portals in the Republic of Serbia. The article examines the relationship between these rights and the right to freedom of expression. In accordance with that, the article presented the self-regulatory documents of the Republic of Serbia concerning the media, that serve as the ethical standard of journalists' conduct: The Journalist's Code of Ethics from 2006 and the Guidelines for the Application of the Journalist's Code of Ethics in Online Environment from 2016, the honoring of which is under the jurisdiction of the Press Council. The research is based on the analysis of cases where the privacy rights, dignity and integrity of persons were violated and it includes comparative research of the media reporting on two portals (Espreso and B92) during two separate periods of monitoring the compliance with the the Journalist's Code and the Guidelines in Online Environment. The first monitoring was conducted in cooperation with the Press Council in the period from October 1st to November 30th 2017, while the repeated independent monitoring was conducted in the period from March 1st to March 31 2018, in order to determine whether there had been an improvement on both portals. The monitoring showed that there are violations of privacy rights on both portals, most often in the 'Chronicle' section. The privacy of the victims is violated more frequently than that of the suspects. Also, despite there being a clear reference in the Code about the need of protecting the identity of minors, there have been multiple violations of children's right to privacy, especially in the 'Chronicle' section.
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Alley, Roderic. "The culture of impunity: What journalists need to know about international humanitarian law." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v16i1.1010.
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Whether they are nationals reporting wars occurring within their countries or international news media staff, journalists are facing growing dangers when covering conflict events. As civilians, they are protected to some extent by international humanitarian law (IHL). But what are these rules and how adequate is such coverage? The article details the core elements of IHL, its relevance for journalists and key issues of implementation and compliance. The news media profession has attempted in the last decade to strengthen normative protections which are discussed. The issue is viewed as one of continuing salience for the Pacific. The article concludes by observing that the issue of protection in combat for journalists is something that the profession has to confront systematically.
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Fernandez, Joseph, and Mark Pearson. "Shield laws in Australia: Legal and ethical implications for journalists and their confidential sources." Pacific Journalism Review 21, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v21i1.148.
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This article examines whether Australia’s current shield law regime meets journalists’ expectations and whistleblower needs in an era of unprecedented official surveillance capabilities. According to the peak journalists’ organisation, the Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA), two recent Australian court cases ‘despite their welcome outcome for our members, clearly demonstrate Australia’s patchy and disparate journalist shields fail to do their job’ (MEAA, 2014a). Journalists’ recent court experiences exposed particular shield law inadequacies, including curious omissions or ambiguities in legislative drafting (Fernandez, 2014c, p. 131); the ‘unusual difficulty’ that a case may present (Hancock Prospecting No 2, 2014, para 7); the absence of definitive statutory protection in three jurisdictions—Queensland, South Australia and the Northern Territory (Fernandez, 2014b, p. 26); and the absence of uniform shield laws where such law is available (Fernandez, 2014b, pp. 26-28). This article examines the following key findings of a national survey of practising journalists: (a) participants’ general profile; (b) familiarity with shield laws; (c) perceptions of shield law effectiveness and coverage; (d) perceptions of story outcomes when relying on confidential sources; and (e) concerns about official surveillance and enforcement. The conclusion briefly considers the significance and limitations of this research; future research directions; some reform and training directions; and notes that the considerable efforts to secure shield laws in Australia might be jeopardised without better training of journalists about the laws themselves and how surveillance technologies and powers might compromise source confidentiality.
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Creech, Brian. "Bearing the cost to witness: the political economy of risk in contemporary conflict and war reporting." Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 4 (June 27, 2017): 567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443717715078.
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As journalistic work has become increasingly precarious in recent decades, exposure to risk – that is, true bodily harm – has become a normalized condition for those reporting from conflict zones. This article considers the political economy of risk, paying particular attention to the ways it has been constructed as a desirable and manageable condition for various classes of news workers. The burden of risk is distributed unequally across staff reporters, freelancers, and non-Western local journalists of all stripes, and a persistent discourse of witnessing obscures both these inequities and the structural conditions that allow news organizations to profit from an increased assumption of individual risk. As structural conditions, individual mitigations, and practices of textual commodification are considered and critiqued, the article concludes by identifying specific strategies that push beyond an economic logic, and thus reassert the cultural and political value of conflict and war reporting as a practice that merits protection, regardless of who produces it. Such a critique focuses on developing the discursive tools that allow journalists and outside observers alike to ask ‘who should bear the costs of witnessing?’
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Suter, Keith D. "The protection of journalists in armed conflicts." RUSI Journal 142, no. 5 (October 1997): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071849708446193.
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Anderson, Alison G. "News Media Organisations and Oil Spill Coverage." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (April 1, 2003): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-353.
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ABSTRACT The news media play a key role in framing the media coverage of oil spills. It is imperative that scientists, industry and policymakers are fully tuned into the ways in which current news organisations operate. Over recent years, a growing environmental promotion industry has emerged, alongside an increasing emphasis on environmental advocacy within the commercial sector. A number of information crises (notably, the Exxon Valdez disaster in 1989) have forced sections of industry to take a more proactive approach to environmental communications as potent media imagery has directly contradicted assurances that environmental protection is not compromised by their activities. Particular issues or events that capture attention tend to be highly visually appealing and resonate with deeply held beliefs and values that operate at a symbolic level. This paper examines the preliminary findings of an international online survey of environmental reporting distributed to key environmental journalist news groups and generalist journalist news groups during June and July 2002. In particular, it focuses upon the following: journalists’ views about what makes a newsworthy story; their degree of scientific training; the constraints under which they work; their main sources of information; their relationships with news sources; and the impact of editorial policy. Interviews with environment correspondents reveal that relatively few possess scientific training and they tend to rely heavily upon official sources of information. The news agendas of broadcasters closely mirror that of print journalists and there is remarkable consensus concerning ‘news values’ – the taken for granted notions about what constitutes a ‘good’ news story. Having presented the main findings of the survey, the paper concludes by arguing that what is needed is greater communication between scientists, industry and journalists leading to an increased mutual recognition of the specific constraints under which they operate.
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Lubens, Pauline. "Journalists and Public Health Professionals: Challenges of a Symbiotic Relationship." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, no. 1 (November 10, 2014): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.127.
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AbstractJournalists and health professionals share a symbiotic relationship during a disease outbreak as both professions play an important role in informing the public’s perceptions and the decisions of policy makers. Although critics in the United States have focused on US reporters and media outlets whose coverage has been sensationalist and alarmist, the discussion in this article is based on the ideal—gold standard—for US journalists. Journalists perform three primary functions during times of health crises: disseminating accurate information to the public, medical professionals, and policy makers; acting as the go-between for the public and decision makers and health and science experts; and monitoring the performance of institutions responsible for the public health response. A journalist’s goal is to responsibly inform the public in order to optimize the public health goals of prevention while minimizing panic. The struggle to strike a balance between humanizing a story and protecting the dignity of patients while also capturing the severity of an epidemic is harder in the era of the 24-7 news cycle. Journalists grapple with dueling pressures: confirming that their information is correct while meeting the demand for rapid updates. Just as health care professionals triage patients, journalists triage information. The challenge going forward will be how to get ahead of the story from the onset, racing against the pace of digital dissemination of misinformation by continuing to refine the media-science relationship. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-5)
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Guénée, Pascal. "Journalisme : transparence et protection des sources." Constructif N° 51, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/const.051.0062.
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Simonova, Natalya B. "Journalism. Institutionalization of Profession on the Boundary of the 19th – 20th Centuries: World Trends and Russian Specificity." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 19, no. 6 (2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-6-33-47.
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The article spans the growth of journalism as a profession, analyzes the process of its institutionalization in Europe, the USA and in Russia at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. The focus of the article is the genesis and development of professional organizations associated with internal corporate professional reflection. The journalism as a profession was established and recognized by society and the professional community almost simultaneously in European countries, in the USA, and in Russia, in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. At the same period significant changes shocked the economic, political and social spheres of these countries. Strengthening the activities of trade unions, the spontaneous struggle of workers for their rights led almost everywhere to an increase in wages and a decrease in the length of the working day. Technical innovations improved the process of collecting and disseminating information. All these above-mentioned factors encouraged the rapid development of the mass press. Publishers and journalists faced a major challenge since society demands for journalism, as one of the most public professions, at that time was extremely high, but journalists and professional community did not meet them well. The article studies the goals and functions declared by public professional journalistic organizations. As a result of investigation the author identifies several types among these institutions: organizations that maintained and broadcasted ethical and professional standards; organizations that fought for the rights of members of the corporation; organizations that provided financial support to members of the corporation; organizations that provided training for journalists; organizations that solved commercial, business problems through the intercorporate cooperation, protection of commercial interests in relations with the state. Organizations from different countries gave priority to various aspects of journalistic activity. Whereas the first European professional journalism organizations usually joined forces of the editors, journalists, and publishers to solve ethical and social problems, in the United States commercial interests and professional ethics came to the fore, so the fight for the rights and struggle for freedom of speech were far less important. The experience of journalists of the “Progressive Era” and the “Muckrakers” indicates that this is primarily due to the characteristics of political system and traditions of the country. In Russia, the process of institutionalization of corporate relations developed in accordance with global trends, but, unlike them, under state control. The main functions of professional associations were supporting members financially, establishing and codifying ethical standards.
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Korauaba, Taberannang. "Commentary: Small Pacific states and media freedom: A Kiribati case study." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v13i1.882.
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For more than 50 years, the governments of Kiribati have manipulated the affairs of the Broadcasting and Publications Authority (BPA). The authority runs a radio station and newspaper reaching the majority of the population of Kiribati. The interference is simply a warning to those working for the authority that they do not have freedom to inform the public. In practice, the political opposition would oppose this interference, describing it as draconian and demanding more media freedom. But when the opposition came to power, it would also restrict the work of journalists. Thus reporters have often been caught in the crossfire between the politicians and are fearful of their future. Some journalists have been accused of being anti-government or sanctioning stories that embarrass the political leaders. This commentary explains—from the firsthand experience of this journalist—why in the digital era small Pacific nations such as Kiribati face a more fundamental issue: protecting the public’s right to know.
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Kulikova, S. A. "Protection of the rights of journalists by the authorized by human rights of the Russian Federation." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (June 29, 2021): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.80.4.076-084.
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The main aspects of the protection of the rights of journalists by the Human Rights Ombudsman in the Russian Federation, presented in his reports from 1998 to 2019, are studied. It is revealed that the problem of violations of the rights of journalists was present in most of the reports of the Ombudsman, the Ombudsman considers attacks on them to obstruct the exercise of their professional duties, the termination of the activities of the media on grounds unforeseen by law, some forms of economic pressure on independent media, illegal restrictions on access to information, etc.It is concluded that the protection of the rights of journalists should remain one of the priority areas of the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, the analysis of violations of the rights of journalists should be included in the section “Protection of the rights of certain categories of citizens.” To some extent, this proposal was embodied in the report of the Ombudsman in 2019, section 2.6 of which is designated as “Freedom of speech and protection of the rights of journalists”.
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Kagan, Sophia, and Helen Durham. "The media and international humanitarian law: Legal protections for journalists." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v16i1.1011.
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Journalists and other media personnel perform a crucial role in armed conflicts. In the absence of functioning civil society, which, in peacetime can survey the behaviour of governments and other parties, and report on breaches of law, journalists are often the only parties on the ground able to document and publicise such breaches. Like humanitarian workers, they are often the only group that can bring to the attention of the world breaches of international humanitarian law and the horrific consequences which flow from armed conflict without limits. This article will consider the protections afforded to journalists under international humanitarian law and the practical assistance given to journalists by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
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Nash, Chris, and Wendy Bacon. "Reporting sustainability in the English-language press of Southeast Asia." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2006): 106–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v12i2.865.
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This article reports on a preliminary scan of six English-language newspapers in Southeast Asia, with a side comparison to a leading Australian newspaper, regarding their coverage of environmental sustainability issues over a two month period in 2005. It identifies the ownership and key politico-economic issues for each masthead, and does a detailed quantitative analysis of their subject matter and use of sources, followed by two case studies of complex, multisourced stories critical of corporate or government activities. The analysis draws on field theory, and canvasses debates about the power relations among journalists and sources. It concludes that there is a common set of journalistic practices across the sample regardless of national and political differences, but considerable diversity of approaches within that commonality. Patterns of ownership, particularly state vs non-state offer little general explanatory power for this diversity. Protection of the environment had ‘motherhood status’ in the reporting, but precisely because of this status no assumptions can be made about the quality of the coverage.
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Prystupenko, Tetiana. "International Documents and National Legislation of Ukrainian Regulation of the Right for Journalists Freedom of Speech." Scientific notes of the Institute of Journalism, no. 3/4 (72/73) (2018): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-1272.2018.73.3.
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The relevence of the study of the issue related to the right to freedom of speech of domestic journalists in the context of international documents and national legislation of Ukraine in this area is caused by the necessity of applying international standards in the real activities of media representatives and development of effective state information policy in this direction. The objective of the research is to ascertain the current state as to protection of the right to freedom of speech of Ukrainian journalists, its interrelation with the program activities in this direction of influential international organizations, national legislation in the conditions of European choice of Ukraine. The study is based on the Concept of national strategy on human rights, the domestic legislative experience in protecting the right to freedom of speech of media representatives and its practical implementation, the global information activities of UN / UNESCO in this context. The situation concerning restriction of freedom of speech in Ukraine, the rights and freedoms of journalists and other democratic values takes place contrary to the norms and provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, other legislative acts of the state as well as international documents ratified by Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
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Stevanovic, Ivana. "Protection of the child right to privacy in a criminal procedure and media reporting." Temida 11, no. 2 (2008): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0802049s.
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Practice demonstrates the importance of raising awareness about the problem of violence against children as well as the necessity of full protection of the right to privacy of minors as participants of criminal proceedings. Journalists must have special knowledge in order to report on criminal justice proceedings dealing with minors. On the other hand, authorized representatives of departments and institutions that participate in criminal justice protection of minors must be trained to present information to the media in a manner that would hinder its random interpretation in public information resources. Furthermore, the author insists on the practical obligation of the state to take systemic measures in suppressing and protecting minors from violations of their right to privacy and the consistent sanctioning of any violation of this right by representatives of the media, as well as by professionals authorized for protection of the right to privacy of minors.
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Rathnayake, R. M. T. S. K. "Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflicts: An International Law Perspective." OUSL Journal 12, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/ouslj.v12i2.7403.
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Fargo, Anthony L. "Protecting Journalists’ Sources Without a Shield: Four Proposals." Communication Law and Policy 24, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 145–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10811680.2019.1586405.
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Parks, Perry. "Researching With Our Hair on Fire: Three Frameworks for Rethinking News in a Postnormative World." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 97, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 393–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699020916425.
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This article urges a jolt in journalism theory commensurate with the urgent state of planetary affairs—including catastrophic climate change and spreading authoritarianism—that journalism’s weaknesses have helped to precipitate and that its strengths might help to contain. The article explores three conceptual frameworks offering alternative approaches to conceiving news that might disrupt the stasis of our polarized societies: “existential journalism,” or a call to radical independence; Buddhist news values, based on ontological and ethical commitments favoring interdependence and compassion; and nonrepresentational news, inspired by an epistemologically expansive style of social research privileging affect, immanence, and wide-eyed attention. Attending to journalisms of engagement, compassion, and everyday joys might disrupt the heuristic partisanship and protective avoidance that characterize citizens’ contemporary relations with news, opening possibilities for more generative politics.
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Tomilenko, Serhii, and Lina Kushch. "International Solidarity Campaigns with Ukrainian Journalists." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-51.
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The article analyses the main fields of activities of the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine (NUJU) and specifies its main partners and topical joint projects for cooperation. The article states that the development of international communication with associations and media employees’ organisations, diplomatic and non-governmental organisations, and higher educational establishments allows the union to ensure the protection of journalists’ rights and develop information space. The NUJU is the key partner in Ukraine for the Office of the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media in Vienna. The article mentions a round table in Odesa attended by the Head of the European Federation of Journalists, where matters of journalists’ safety and other important issues were discussed. The authors also substantiate the means the NUJU uses for solidarity campaigns with its Ukrainian counterparts illegally detained in uncontrolled territories or Russian prisons. In addition, the article singles out the consequences of the partnership between UNESCO and the National Union of Journalists of Ukraine, such as a textbook entitled Journalists and Police: Recommendations for Ensuring Understanding. The NUJU’s close involvement in international conferences and other events offering an opportunity for the organisation to render its views in respect of many issues is also delineated. In addition, the NUJU maintains contact with journalism organisations of Poland, Bulgaria, Lithuania, Sweden, Germany, and other European countries. The authors examines the main principles of the international cooperation of the NUJU, which enable it to take advantage of international platforms for promulgating position of the Union, carry out international solidarity campaigns with Ukrainian journalists, distribute information about activities of the Union, share experience, and conduct joint events with journalists from other countries. Keywords: National Union of Journalists of Ukraine, OSCE, international cooperation, protection of freedom of speech, assistance to journalists.
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Fernandes, Clinton, and Vijay Sivaraman. "It’s only the beginning: Metadata Retention laws and the Internet of Things." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 3 (September 28, 2015): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v3n3.21.
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This article examines the implications of selected aspects of the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015, which was passed by the Australian Parliament in March 2015. It shows how the new law has strengthened protections for privacy. However, focusing on the investigatory implications, it shows how the law provides a tactical advantage to investigators who pursue whistleblowers and investigative journalists. The article exposes an apparent discrepancy in the way ‘journalist’ is defined across different pieces of legislation. It argues that although legislators’ interest has been overwhelmingly focused on communications data, the explosion of data generated by the so-called Internet-of-Things (IoT) is as important or more. It shows how the sensors in selected IoT devices lead to a loss of user control and will enable non-stop, involuntary and ubiquitous monitoring of individuals. It suggests that the law will need to be amended further once legislators and investigators’ knowledge of the potential of IoT increases.
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Welgemoed, Anton C. "The protection of journalists reporting from war or conflict zones: attempts to promote additional protection measures for journalists by means of international protocol and convention." International Journal of Liability and Scientific Enquiry 1, no. 3 (2008): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlse.2008.017698.
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Diedong, Africanus Lewil. "Vibrant and safe media landscape in Ghana: Reality or mirage?" Journal of African Media Studies 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00017_1.
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Despite widespread condemnation of assaults on journalists in Ghana and elsewhere in the past, there is increasing evidence of brutality against journalists. When perpetrators of such assaults go unpunished, it fosters a culture of impunity. The article throws searchlight on incidences of assaults on journalists and the ambivalent attitude of the public and/or state agencies towards media freedom. Incidences of assaults and intimidations of journalists in Ghana were reviewed to ignite renewed discourse on the issue, and inform measures on the safety and protection and general development of media. Theoretically, the article is framed along lines of thoughts on concepts of narrative in which there is ‘struggle over narrative’. Major lines of narratives on assaults against journalists are expressed by state functionaries, citizens and the media in competing fashions. Each narrative has ‘competing truth’, which arguably carries for each entity a force of the true and rightful position on the safety of journalists. The article concludes that persistent advocacy by Ghana Journalists Association and media partners can make a difference in influencing positive steps on assaults on journalists.
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Marin, Oleksandr. "CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OF JOURNALISTS IN UKRAINE: REFLECTION OF THE APPROACH." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, no. 66 (May 25, 2018): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2018.66.8152.
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Marini Putri, Ni Made Dwi. "PERLINDUNGAN KARYA CIPTA FOTO CITIZEN JOURNALIST YANG DIPUBLIKASIKAN DI INSTAGRAM." Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 6, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2017.v06.i02.p07.
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The development of the current paradigm demonstrate initiative of the citizens to share information in their possession to the public. Citizen who was only a reader, now turned into a citizen journalist, who sends the picture to the press on Instagram account on an event that attracts attention. In this research, there are two issues to be discussed namely 1) How is the protection of moral rights and economic rights over the photos produced by citizen journalist on Instagram? 2) How can the efforts of a citizen journalist to protect the copyrighted works uploaded on Instagram? This research is an empirical juridical study that examines the problem of copyright photography protection in Instagram. Moral rights protection of citizen journalist on Instagram photo is done with the mention of names of the photographer (citizen journalist) and copyright holder (press accounts on Instagram). Protection of economic rights of citizen journalism photo on Instagram as stipulated in the Act of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright only applies to photographs with human objects. Efforts that can be done by a citizen journalist to protect copyrighted works uploaded on Instagram are preventive efforts, respresive efforts and pre-emtive efforts.
Perkembangan paradigma di era informasi saat ini menunjukkan inisiatif dari warga untuk membagikan informasi yang dimilikinya kepada publik secara cepat dan up to date. Warga yang tadinya hanya seorang pembaca, kini cenderung menjadi citizen journalist yang cenderung berinisiatif dan aktif mengirimkan hasil fotonya kepada akun pers di Instagram mengenai suatu peristiwa yang menarik perhatian. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua permasalahan inti yaitu 1) Bagaimanakah perlindungan hak moral dan hak ekonomi atas foto yang dihasilkan oleh seorang citizen journalist di Instagram? 2) Bagaimanakah upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan seorang citizen journalist untuk melindungi karya cipta fotonya yang diunggah di Instagram? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empiris yang mengkaji mengenai masalah perlindungan karya cipta fotografi di Instagram. Perlindungan hak moral foto citizen journalist di Instagram dilakukan dengan penyebutan nama pencipta (citizen journalist) dan pemegang hak cipta (akun pers pada Instagram). Perlindungan hak ekonomi foto citizen journalist di Instagram sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta hanya berlaku pada karya foto dengan objek manusia. Upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan seorang citizen journalist untuk melindungi karya cipta fotonya yang diunggah di Instagram adalah upaya preventif, upaya respresif serta upaya pre-emtif.
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Glowacka, Dorota, Konrad Siemaszko, Joanna Smtek, and Zuzanna Warso. "Protecting journalistic sources against contemporary means of surveillance." Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nl.16.1.97_1.
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Huxford, John, and Maria A. Moore. "Teaching Journalism Students About Confidential Whistleblower Sources: An Analysis Of Introductory News Writing Textbooks." Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) 8, no. 10 (October 3, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v8i10.6107.
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Whistleblowers are a key journalistic source for many current news stories. However, reporters pursuing these major stories must navigate the dilemma between transparent full disclosure and protecting their confidential source. Professional journalists begin their journey as students, and students begin their journey in the classroom with a teacher and a textbook. But are journalism students being trained to deal effectively, and sensitively, with a whistleblowing source who may bring complex needs and difficulties to the news gathering process? This study explores how contemporary introductory news writing textbooks tackle issues surrounding the use of unnamed whistleblower sources. Beginning with a quantitative analysis as its foundation, the study explores, qualitatively, the advice being offered to students on how to handle these sources. We suggest that there are a number of important gaps that characterize textbooks when it comes to whistleblowing and associated concepts, with scant attention being paid to, for example, differentiation among varying types of anonymous source, the contextualization of a whistleblowers unique circumstances, and the potential of positive source motivation. Suggestions are included for enhancing textbook content in this important area.