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1
Al-Ghoweri, Helen A., Ayman Yasin, and Jibrel Al-Saudi. "The Connotations of Pet Expressions in Jordanian Spoken Arabic." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1106.04.
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The primary objective of this study is to examine the connotation of pet expressions when used to describe people in Jordanian Spoken Arabic (JSA), that is, the wide array of negative and positive associations that pet expressions bring with them. When defining animals,al-mu‘jamal-wasi:tt and al-mu‘jamal-jami‘ define most of the animal expressions along with their connotations. The present study investigates the connotations of pets in Jordanian Spoken Arabic. To this end, the researchers distributed an open ended questionnaire to the subjects that could provide rich qualitative data. This, in turn, will give the researchers an opportunity to gain insight in the subjects’ opinions on the connotation of pets in JSA. The questionnaire consisted of (11) Jordanian spoken Arabic sentences. Each sentence included a pet expression which is used in JSA. After collecting the questionnaire the researchers tested the connotations of pet expressions in JSA against the connotation of pet expression in al-mu‘jamal-wasi:tt and al-mu‘jam al-jami‘ .The findings of the study suggest that in some cases the connotation changed from positive in the two lexicons to negative in JSA or vice versa. In others, the connotation remained the same but changed from a connotation to another.
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Tiisala, Seija. "Power and politeness." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 5, no. 2 (June 10, 2004): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.5.2.03tii.
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The power structures in northern Baltic Europe in the Middle Ages can be studied through the correspondence between the Swedish authorities and the Hanseatic Councils. The letters were written in three languages: Latin, Low German and Swedish. Low German was the dominant language in the correspondence from the fifteenth century onwards. The aim of the paper is to examine the ways in which power relationships are manifested, including choice of language, conventional expressions of politeness, use of laudatory adjectives when addressing the recipient, use of adverbs to express deference or hedging, and elaborations in orthography. Medieval letter-writing followed models described in various instruction books called summae dictaminis. These reflect the hierarchy of medieval society by classifying senders and recipients of letters according to their social position, and giving instructions for address of one group by another. The European tradition of rules for letter writing can be traced back in an unbroken line to the Roman Empire, and in spite of certain local differences most rules concerning the form of the letter and expressions of politeness were shared all over the continent.
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Cienki, Alan. "Bush’s and Gore’s language and gestures in the 2000 US presidential debates." Communicating/Doing Politics 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2004): 409–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.3.3.04cie.
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Lakoff (1996) analyzes American political positions in terms of two different sets of conceptual metaphors: the right wing ‘Strict Father’ (SF) model and the left wing ‘Nurturant Parent’ (NP) model. The current study is an empirical test of the degree to which these models were manifested in the televised debates between George W. Bush and Al Gore before the 2000 US presidential elections. While the results show little metaphorical language which would directly support the proposed models, many expressions were found which follow from the models as logical entailments. An analysis of both speakers’ metaphoric gestures shows Bush expressing the SF model largely regardless of his use of SF or NP language, and Gore using gesture more for discourse structuring purposes. This study suggests that differences in the nature of the metaphors themselves in the two models help make the SF model easier to present as a coherent framework than the NP model.
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Teilanyo, Diri I. "Figurative Language in Translation: A Study of J.P. Clark’s The Ozidi Saga." Meta 52, no. 2 (August 2, 2007): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016073ar.
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Abstract The interlingual translation of figurative expressions and idioms is a particularly sensitive task, especially in literary texts where the figurativeness of the language is an inalienable part of the text as a literary piece. Since modern thinking on translation favours fidelity to the source text, the translator is required to maintain – rather than improve, reduce or otherwise alter – the figurative texture of the source text in the target text. In this paper, we investigate the felicity of J.P. Clark’s Izon-English translation in his The Ozidi Saga. We point out that felicitous as Clark’s translation is in general, there are noticeable cases of improvement, impoverishment and alteration, alongside full equivalence, in the figurative texture of the translation when viewed against the Izon text by a sensitive Izon- English bilingual. From this we argue that any form of alteration is a literary disservice to the source text, the source culture and the target audience. We propose that the literary translator should do his utmost to retain the figurative level of the source-text language in the target text, even if this involves literalism and some other violation of the basic code of the target language while annotations and glossaries may be freely employed.
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남기현, Heo Il, and Seongok Won. "Characteristics of Verb Types and Number Expressions in Korean Sign Language." Journal of Special Education 17, no. 1 (July 2010): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34249/jse.2010.17.1.157.
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Biber, Douglas. "Historical patterns for the grammatical marking of stance." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 5, no. 1 (March 8, 2004): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.5.1.06bib.
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English has a rich supply of grammatical devices used to express “stance”: epistemic or attitudinal comments on propositional information. The present paper explores historical change in the preferred devices used to mark stance. By examining the entire system of stance devices, the study attempts to investigate the underlying patterns of change. Three major patterns are possible: 1) changes in social norms could result in speakers and writers expressing stance meanings to differing extents in different periods; 2) the grammatical system for the expression of stance could undergo change, showing an overall decline in the use of some grammatical devices, replaced by an increase in the use of other devices; 3) the patterns of use could undergo sharper register diversification over time, with particular stance devices taking on more specialized uses in particular registers. These possibilities are explored through corpus-based analysis of the written and speech-based registers in the ARCHER corpus, tracking the patterns of change across the past three centuries.
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Hamdan, Jihad, and Dina Hammouri. "The Pragmatic Functions of the Idiomatic Expression Yalla in Jordanian Spoken Arabic." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 31, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2022-31-2-137-160.
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Purpose. The study reported here aims to identify and classify the pragmatic functions of the frequently used idiomatic expression Yalla, literally ‘let’s’, in Jordanian Spoken Arabic (JSA).
Method. The data were collected from 145 university students (males and females) enrolled in different specialisms at two higher education institutions, viz., the University of Jordan and Jadara University. All participants are native speakers of Jordanian Spoken Arabic; their ages ranged from 18 to 22 years. They were divided into three groups; 14 participants gave the data in the mini questionnaire stage which was used to guide and inform proper data collection, 86 completed the extended data collection questionnaire and 45 undertook the acceptability agreement/ judgment task.
Results. The study reveals that Yalla conveys 23 pragmatic functions: showing approval / acceptance, signaling the start of an action, spreading enthusiasm, suggesting, commanding/ ordering someone, expediting/ urging, expressing surrender or submission, announcing the onset of a new stage, requesting approval, rest assuring, prompting someone to act in line with an established routine, advising coupled with warning, asking for patience/calming someone down, encouraging/ cheering, drawing attention, reminding, wishing, stimulating, underestimating the importance of a complaint, ridiculing/ mocking, expressing comfort, showing emphasis in addition to showing anger and boredom.
Conclusions. The study concludes that the functions of the idiomatic expression Yalla are not equally frequent; nor are they equally acceptable by the Jordanian youth. This is evident in the results of the acceptability judgment task undertaken by the participants, an indication that some of them are more deeply entrenched in the Jordanian youth community than others. The study suggests that future research may investigate the pragmatic functions of Yalla in social contexts and situations other than those examined in this study. It may also involve older age groups as Yalla is more likely to be age sensitive; education level may also turn out to impact the use of this idiomatic expression. Furthermore, as the focus of this study is on Jordanian Spoken Arabic, future research may target the pragmatic functions of Yalla in other Arabic spoken varieties, e.g., Egyptian, Syrian and Saudi, among others.
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Gunnarsson, Britt-Louise. "Expressing criticism and evaluation during three centuries." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2001): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.2.1.06gun.
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The article presents a socio-semantic study of evaluative expressions in medical scientific articles from six periods from the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Evaluations relating to the presentations of the medical case, the scientist’s own work and the work of other scientists were studied. The results of the analyses point to a gradual change in the directness of the evaluations; where the author earlier evaluated through his own voice, the modern author chooses to evaluate indirectly through facts and others’ voices. The evaluations were also found to gradually be less strong and more embedded in hedgings of various kinds. The changes in evaluative strength and style reveal the varied positions of the scientists and their scientific community as to the medical knowledge, the stage of the medical community and the role of the medical scientists in society.
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Gourgouris, Stathis. "Dream-Work of Dispossession." Journal of Palestine Studies 44, no. 4 (2015): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2015.44.4.32.
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Essentially a cinema of occupation and dispossession, Palestinian cinema disrupts standard notions of national cinema, complicating conventional expectations of national aesthetics or national dreams. As the borders of Palestine's historical territory are continuously under erasure, so too are the symbolic boundaries of its language, which is flexible and inventive; the language of Palestinian cinema is a limit-language. No one has expressed this “limit condition” more succinctly than Elia Suleiman, whose cinematic language exemplifies a poetics of dispossession that depicts the asphyxiating spaces and truncated temporalities of Palestinian life with tragic humor and bold fantasy in defiance of narrative simplicity. Suleiman's films run counter to the conventional representation of Palestinian existence and are arguably the sharpest expressions of what can be deemed to be the dream-work of that existence against its conventional representation.
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Petersoo, Pille. "What does ‘we’ mean?" Journal of Language and Politics 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2007): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.6.3.08pet.
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The contextual nature of deictic expressions, including the personal pronoun ‘we’, is a given to linguists, but has only recently caught the interest of social scientists. The following article, firmly grounded in sociology, attempts to introduce some linguistic concepts while looking at the role of the personal pronoun ‘we’ in the discursive construction of national identities in the media. Focusing on Scotland, and looking at media language in the context of constitutional change in the United Kingdom, the article shows how different category relations are created through the ambiguous and under-specified use of deictic expressions. Scotland provides an interesting case study for such analysis, as references to the ‘nation’ during the 20th century have been ambiguous, sometimes referring to Scotland, sometimes to Britain. Consequently, the media/nation relationship has been contested, and this is reflected in media language. The paper introduces the concept of a wandering ‘we’ to describe the shifting reference point of the deictic expressions and situates this phenomenon in the wider nationalism literature. By doing this, the article revisits some of the notions introduced by Billig in his Banal Nationalism.
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Davidse, Kristin, Simon De Wolf, and An Van linden. "The development of the modal and discourse marker uses of (there/it is/I have) no doubt." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 16, no. 1 (April 3, 2015): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.16.1.02dav.
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In this paper, we reconstruct the emergence of the modal and discourse marker uses of adverbial and clausal expressions with no doubt. Their history contrasts in a number of surprising ways with typical grammaticalization hypotheses. Existential expressions with no doubt emerged directly with grammatical modal meaning and developed lexicalized idiomatic uses later on. We account for this in terms of Boye and Harder’s discourse approach to grammaticalization and lexicalization, according to which the former involves coded discourse secondariness whereas the latter expresses a primary point of the discourse. Like adverbial no doubt, I have/make no doubt acquired uses not only as a modal but also as a discourse marker. Invoking the principles of Kaltenböck, Heine and Kuteva’s Thetical Grammar, we explain this development in terms of the positional and scopal flexibility, and the discourse functionality of these expressions.
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Zakowski, Samuel. "The evolution of the Ancient Greek deverbal pragmatic markerságe, íthiandphére." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 19, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 55–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.16009.zak.
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AbstractIn this paper, I look at the Ancient Greek expressionságe, íthiandphére, which are all usually translated as ‘come (on)’. After discussing some existing accounts of these items, I look at their structural – syntactic properties and argue that they can be regarded as pragmaticalized imperatives. Then, I propose a new interpretation of their function – on this analysis, they can be regarded as conversational “boosters”, increasing the degree of strength of the illocutionary point of the utterance. Finally, I look at their diachronic development – in the corpus under consideration,ágeis gradually replaced byíthias the expression used with other imperatives, whilephéredevelops as the preferred expression for use with non-imperative directive utterances.
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Gordeeva, T. O., E. N. Osin, D. D. Suchkov, T. Y. Ivanova, O. A. Sychev, and V. V. Bobrov. "Self-Control as a Personality Resource: Assessment and Associations with Performance, Persistence and Well-Being." Cultural-Historical Psychology 12, no. 2 (2016): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2016120205.
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Self-control is one’s ability to control one’s own behavior and emotional expression, to react to external events in a deliberate manner, and to interrupt actions motivated by undesirable impulses or affects. We present two studies aimed to validate a Russian-language version of the 13-item Brief Self-Control Scale by J.P. Tangney, R.F. Baumeister and A.L. Boone in samples of employees (N=591) and students (N=328). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a one-dimensional structure. The scale shows high internal consistency (alpha 0,79-0,84) and predictable associations with self-report and objective indicators of current and future academic and work performance. Self-control is positively associated with positive functioning (i.e., intrinsic motivation, goal-setting, persistence, conscientiousness, hardiness, productive coping strategies, optimistic attributional style, self-efficacy), emotional stability, and subjective well-being. These associations hold when social desirability is controlled. The results suggest that self-control is an important personality and motivational resource which results in higher performance and psychological well-being.
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Nurmi, Arja. "Review of Bromhead (2009): The Reign of Truth and Faith. Epistemic Expressions in 16th and 17th Century English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 14, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.1.08nur.
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Ziegeler, Debra. "Semantic determinism and the grammaticalisation of have to in English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2010): 32–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.11.1.02zie.
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The traditionally held view that grammaticalisation should be a semantically-motivated process (as discussed, for example, in Hopper and Traugott 2003: 75, summarising Bybee 1985; Bybee and Dahl 1989; Heine, Claudi and Hünnemeyer 1991; Heine et al. 1993; and Heine and Kuteva 2002) has not been without its critics. One particular area of study, so far for the most part unchallenged, is Fischer’s (1994, 1997, 2007) treatment of the grammaticalising periphrastic modal of obligation, have to, in English. She provides a syntactically-led grammaticalisation account in which it is believed that the present-day, developing modal form had links with an earlier, Middle English expression in which the transitive object of the infinitive was located in pre-infinitival position, shared by both the infinitive and have. The syntactically-determined explanation for the grammaticalisation of this modal expression also takes account of the fact that many of the visible grammaticalisation effects are demonstrated to have taken place following the general shift in word order during the Middle English period, from an SOV to an SVO order. In the present study, the alternative viewpoint (first proposed by Brinton 1991) in which the syntactic word order shift is seen to be most frequently associated with transitive objects that referred to entities incapable of acting as possessors is expanded to suggest a context-induced path of grammaticalisation (Heine, Claudi and Hünnemeyer 1991; Heine 2002). In addition, the shift of the object to post-infinitival position is seen to be unavoidably linked to the prior development of obligation senses in the older construction, so necessitating a semantically-motivated explanation of the grammaticalisation route for have to.
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Williams, Graham T. "“trobled wth a tedious discours”." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 11, no. 2 (June 18, 2010): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.11.2.01wil.
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This study provides close, pragmatically-orientated readings of epistolary manifestations of sincerity, sarcasm and seriousness as expressed in the letters of Maria Thynne to her mother-in-law and to her husband, at the beginning of the seventeenth century. By examining how each mode of expression arose from, and interacted with, its familial and textual environments, these readings discuss the social functions and linguistic implications of Maria’s stylistic repertoire. The study concludes with the suggestion that the letters provide preliminary evidence for the claim that, along with that of sincerity, the Early Modern period may also have been of some significance for the development of sarcasm in English.
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Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. "On the rise of types of clause-final pragmatic markers in English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 17, no. 1 (June 7, 2016): 26–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.17.1.02tra.
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Much work on pragmatic markers in the history of English has been devoted to expressions used clause-initially at “left periphery”. By contrast, this study provides an account in broad outlines of the incremental development of pragmatic markers in clause-final “right periphery” position. Particular attention is paid to the rise of comment clauses, question tags, general extenders, and retrospective contrastive markers. Traditional characterizations of pragmatic markers, such as occurrence primarily at left periphery and with prosodic breaks are critiqued.
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Bax, Marcel, and Nanne Streekstra. "Civil rites." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 4, no. 2 (June 6, 2003): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.4.2.09bax.
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We shall be concerned with a mode of epistolary politeness that marks a special category of ritual language use. Taking examples from the correspondence between Hooft and Huygens, two notable representatives of the Dutch Republic’s cultural elite, we will establish, first, that the notions and methods of the modern language-and-politeness paradigm are well-suited tools for exploring politeness phenomena occurring in seventeenth-century Dutch. Next we will argue that, in cases like the one under study, negatively polite ostentation is by and large a ritual affair, particularly since the use of subservient phrases and other expressions according to the humiliative mode is generally a game, rather than earnestly paying deference. As regards the issue of playful make-believe politeness, it will be contended that early modern society was quite preoccupied with various genres of “deceit”, artistic and otherwise, and took much pleasure in the witty exploitation of multiple meaning design, also when it concerned doing the civil thing.
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Denizot, Camille. "Impolite orders in Ancient Greek?" Journal of Historical Pragmatics 13, no. 1 (February 10, 2012): 110–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.13.1.05den.
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In Ancient Greek, an impolite order can be uttered by means of a negative interrogative in the future tense (οὐκ ἐρεῖς; ‘Won’t you talk?’). The aim of this paper is to understand to what extent this type of utterance is impolite, and to explain how such a conventional and indirect order can frequently take on an impolite meaning. For this purpose, data are taken from classical drama (Aristophanes’ and Euripides’ plays). Drawing on criteria put forward by recent work on impoliteness, this study provides an accurate description of uses in discourse, in order to establish that this conventional order is never used with a polite intention, but regularly as an impolite order. Impoliteness can be explained by the locutionary form which gives an orientation to the interpretation of the utterance: an indirect and conventional expression cannot be polite if the locutionary meaning is opposed to it.
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Włodarczyk, Matylda. "1820 Settler petitions in the Cape Colony." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 14, no. 1 (March 4, 2013): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.1.02wlo.
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The received view has it that the language of petitions aims at elevating the addressee and demeaning the author. Recent studies into historical (im)politeness interpret it as epistolary facework, i.e. “politic” rather than “polite” behaviour (Bax 2010). Drawing on evidence of the genre dynamics present in nineteenth-century petitions, this paper proposes that for a number of petitioners the conventionalised expression of deference could not have been their main motivation. Through close study of the structural models and their distribution in two collections of petitions related to British settlement in the Cape Colony (1819–1825), the study proposes an account for changes in users’ preferences in this respect. The discussion employs Luckmann’s (e.g. 2009) theory of “communicative genres” and “projects”, which allows one to reach beyond the textual evidence to the dimension of verbal interaction. The paper also focuses on the materiality of historical genres (cf. Barton and Hall 2000).
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Ziegeler, Debra. "Past ability modality and the derivation of complementary inferences." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 2, no. 2 (August 16, 2001): 273–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.2.2.05zie.
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Levinson (1995) attributes the counterfactual meanings derived from marked, periphrastic alternatives of the modal verb, could, to the presence of M-inferences related to the Gricean maxim of Manner. He accounts for the complementary nature of inferences associated with the two alternates, could and had the ability to (+ V) by the relative markedness of either expression. The present paper re-examines such claims on the basis that periphrastic modal alternates represent renewals in grammaticalisation cycles, and it is suggested instead that the Gricean second maxim of Quantity may be basic to both forms, could and had the ability to, as well as to another alternate, was/were able to (+V). A diachronic survey reveals that variation in the types of implicatures derived from such forms is due to the frequency of specific grammatical environments in which the forms are evolving, or have evolved historically.
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Hickey, Raymond. "The pragmatics of grand in Irish English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 18, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.18.1.04hic.
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Abstract Over the past two centuries, the use of the adjective grand underwent a specific semantic expansion in Irish English. Apart from the meaning of ‘displaying grandeur’, the adjective came to mean ‘fine’, ‘alright’ and ‘in good form’, both as an expression of the speaker’s situation and as a reference to that of the addressee. This development can be shown to represent a case of subjectification, as described seminally by Elizabeth Traugott in various publications (e.g., Traugott 1995), with the element of intersubjectification arising somewhat later (Traugott 2003). Through the examination of various texts, this paper examines the diachronic development of grand in its various uses and the rise of the Irish English extension with a consideration of possible precursors and parallels in other varieties. The subjective and intersubjective uses of grand are labelled “approving grand” and “reassuring grand” respectively and are shown to be in keeping with other features of Irish discourse structure and pragmatics.
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Kryk-Kastovsky, Barbara. "Impoliteness in Early Modern English courtroom discourse." Historical Courtroom Discourse 7, no. 2 (June 23, 2006): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.7.2.04kry.
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The paper investigates whether the notion of impoliteness worked out for synchronic pragmatics is also applicable in diachronic pragmatics. An analysis of two Early Modern English court trial records demonstrates that the answer is positive provided some new dimensions are added. My model of impoliteness cuts across the following axes: structural, semantic, and pragmatic. Structural impoliteness ranges from words and phrases to portions of texts, thus the syntactic dimension cuts across the complexity dimension. The semantic/pragmatic dimension includes numerous non-literal meanings of impoliteness. An utterance can be judged as impolite on the basis of its surface representations (“overt impoliteness”), or the impoliteness of an expression has to be inferred and takes the form of an implicature (“covert impoliteness”). Thus, the final interpretation would depend both on the speaker’s intention when producing an utterance, its (perlocutionary) effect(s) on the addressee, and the overall context. Finally, all these variables cut across the socio-historical dimension.
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Kamalu, Ikenna, and Orowo Precious Atoma. "The construction of tenor, identities and power relations in online discourses on indigenous people of Biafra (Ipob)." Journal of Gender and Power 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/jgp.2019.12.006.
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Previous studies on ethnic, religious and political expressions and activities in Nigeria have examined issues such as religious and political intolerance between and among groups. In particular, the activities of pro-Biafra groups such as that of the Movement for the Actualisation of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), Biafra Zionist Movement (BZM), Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) and Biafra Independent Movement (BIM) among others in real life and in online forums have also been studied by scholars from different ideological and theoretical standpoints. However, none of these studies examined the deliberate expression of ethnic, religious and political identities and otherness in the discourses that emanate from the arrest, detention and trial of Nnamdi Kanu, the separatist founder of IPOB, by the government of Nigeria. This study aims at unearthing the deep sense of exclusion that underlies the reactions that trail his arrest and trial in online platforms. A total of twenty online comments were purposively selected and analysed within the tenets of critical discourse analysis (CDA) in order to unearth the ethnic, religious and political ideologies that underlie them. This study gives an insight into how individual and group ideologies in online discourses can threaten the autonomous face wants of others and also that of the corporate existence of the nation. The theoretical orientation adopted for the study leads to the understanding that ethnic, political and religious sentiments underlie the use of language in crisis/conflict situations in the Nigerian context. This study significantly espouses the notion that there is the need for equity, social justice and mutual trust between groups in Nigeria.
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Kryk-Kastovsky, Barbara. "Representations of orality in Early Modern English trial records." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2000): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.1.2.04kry.
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The paper aims at answering some questions essential for a historical pragmaticist. It examines to what extent the written records available nowadays reflect the language spoken in the past, i.e. what their degree of orality is. The data are two Early Modern English texts: The trial of Titus Oates and The trial of Lady Alice Lisle. Trial records are relevant for this analysis since they are closer to the original sources than other texts and they are interesting for linguistic reasons, e.g. the formulaic expressions or the discourse strategies used in court. The search for traces of orality is based on two features: turn-taking and closeness to the sociocultural context. The study corroborates my initial hypothesis that the two trial records have preserved many traces of orality. Moreover, they are rich sources of information about the political, social and cultural life of the period.
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Wårvik, Brita. "Continuity and quantity." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 93–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.15.1.05war.
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Givón’s (1995) quantity principle about the diagrammatic iconicity of coding forms has mostly been investigated for topic continuity and nominal elements. The present paper considers its applicability both to participant continuity and the continuity of time, focussing on their interaction in the organisation of narrative discourse. As an additional test of the hypothesis, the paper studies historical data, examining the structuring roles of signals of participant and temporal continuities in Old English narrative prose. The findings indicate that the choice of signals of the continuities of time and participants follows the iconic quantity principle of longer and informationally-heavier forms encoding greater degrees of discontinuity. The paper also underlines the importance of text type and genre-specific factors in investigations of discourse-structural signals. Specifically for the Old English narrative data, the study provides further support for the discourse marker role of þa ‘then’ as distinct from other temporal expressions.
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Beeching, Kate. "Alors/donc/then at the right periphery." Periphery – Diachronic and Cross-Linguistic Approaches 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 208–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.17.2.03bee.
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This paper compares the functions and development of right peripheral (RP) alors, donc and then in French and English. These items developed historically from temporal expressions, they express consequence and can serve, intersubjectively, as an appeal to the addressee to confirm previous assumptions. An analysis of the frequency and positions of alors, donc, so and then in contemporary spoken corpora of standard British English and French shows that, though these terms are similar in consequential function, they have different distributions. From a diachronic perspective, drawing on recent theories which highlight the crucial role of contact with Anglo-French in the history of the English language (e.g., Ingham 2012a,b), this paper adduces evidence from the Manières de langage (1396; see Kristol 1995), which suggests that the final positioning of then in English may have arisen as a sense/pragmatic extension on analogy with French donques.
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Bolly, Catherine, and Liesbeth Degand. "Have you seen what I mean?" Journal of Historical Pragmatics 14, no. 2 (May 17, 2013): 210–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.14.2.03bol.
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The aim of this contribution is to investigate, by means of a diachronic multi-genre corpus-based approach (Academic, Narrative, and Present-day Spoken French), whether the historical functional shift from the propositional domain to the causal/pragmatic domain of linguistic expressions correlates with their semantic shift from primarily conceptual to primarily procedural content. Our analysis concentrates on two discourse markers derived from the French verb voir (‘to see’), namely vu que (‘since’), and on a/nous avons vu que (‘we have seen that’). Our initial hypothesis was that both markers result from an (ongoing) “proceduralisation” process which found its source in the polysemous conceptual meaning of the verb voir, viz. perceptive and cognitive meaning. Our results show that this hypothesis needs a more qualified perspective on linguistic change leading us to approach the “proceduralisation” process in terms of gradualness rather than polarity, and to broaden the field of grammaticalisation to non-linguistic criteria such as the “stylistic” parameter.
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Minor, J. M. "Radical Expression: Political Language, Ritual, and Symbol in England, 1790-1850. By James A. Epstein (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. viii plus 233pp. $45.00)." Journal of Social History 29, no. 2 (December 1, 1995): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/29.2.438.
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Unceta Gómez, Luis. "Conceptualizations of linguistic politeness in Latin." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 20, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 286–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00033.gom.
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Abstract This paper presents an analysis of conceptions of linguistic politeness in ancient Rome. Using lexical analysis, it scrutinizes first-order data recoverable from the Latin sources at our disposal, in order to determine the notions and dimensions of politeness that Romans were sensitive to. This kind of approach is helpful, primarily, when developing a suitable theoretical framework for dealing with the particular expressions of linguistic politeness in Latin. Moreover, it provides us with additional explanations of the historical dimension of politeness and of the creation and development of notions of politeness in Europe.
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Loureiro-Porto, Lucía. "On the relationship between subjectification, grammaticalisation and constructions." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 13, no. 2 (July 2, 2012): 232–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.13.2.03lou.
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The terms subjectification, intersubjectification and construction are very often used in relation to grammaticalisation, although the relationship between them is not always clear. Subjectification is said to occur both within grammaticalisation and out of it. Constructions, in turn, have recently been found to play a key role in grammaticalisation, to the point that it is now generally accepted that before an item is grammaticalised the construction in which it appears will first develop a grammatical function. The relationship between construction and subjectification has not been addressed directly, even though an important number of the examples of subjectification found in the literature are explained in terms of constructions in which the subjectifying element occurs. This paper aims to shed more light on how subjectification, grammaticalisation and constructions are related in the history of English, by paying special attention to verbs and verbo-nominal expressions of necessity from Old to Early Modern English. The findings will show that, in these items, the interrelationship between subjectification and grammaticalisation is not direct; that subjectification need not be unidirectional; and that constructions involving necessity items are the source of subjectification.
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Yao, Xinyue. "The evolution of the “hot news” perfect in English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 17, no. 1 (June 7, 2016): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.17.1.06yao.
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This paper deals with the “hot news” use of the English present perfect. Previous research has suggested that this use marks the end point of the perfect category, paving the way for further grammaticalisation to a perfective or past tense. To examine its historical development in Modern English, verb forms in the leads of hard news reports in the New York Times and the Sydney Morning Herald were examined, with comparison made between two time periods, 1851–1900 and 1951–2000. Attention was given to contextual influence on the choice between the present perfect and the past tense for expressing hot news meanings. The quantitative findings show that the hot news perfect has not taken over the ground of other tense forms, but has become increasingly associated with unspecified, recent past time. The evolution of the English present perfect in general is characterised by register-mediated functional specialisation.
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Salager-Meyer, Françoise, and Nahirana Zambrano. "The bittersweet rhetoric of controversiality in nineteenth- and twentieth-century French and English medical literature." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2001): 141–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.2.1.07sal.
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This paper investigates the evolution of the linguistic means used by scientists to convey academic conflict in French and English medical discourse. The 185-year span studied (1810–1995) was divided into nine 20-year periods. The rhetorical strategies expressing academic conflicts were recorded in 180 papers and classified as direct or indirect. The results were analyzed using χ2 tests. Between 1810 and 1929, no cross-linguistic difference was found in the frequency of either direct or indirect academic conflict. Between 1930 and 1995 direct academic conflict was more frequent in medical French than in medical English (p = .013), and indirect academic conflict more common in medical English than in medical French (p = .0001). Qualitatively speaking, nineteenth-century medical French and medical English academic conflicts were personal, polemical and provocative. Regarding twentieth-century academic conflict, medical French conflicts tend to remain personal and categorical whereas medical English academic dispute is characterized by its politeness and/or the shifting of conflict responsibility onto some inanimate entity. Our study indicates that the intellectual climate in a given scientific discursive community influences the rhetoric of conflict.
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Beeching, Kate. "A politeness-theoretic approach to pragmatico-semantic change." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2007): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.8.1.05bee.
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This paper posits that certain “qualificatory” semantic primes are recruited to serve face-management needs in a metonymic Meaning1>Meaning2 relationship at what Traugott and Dasher (2002) have called the intersubjective, non-truth-conditional, procedural, scope-over-discourse end of the trajectory of pragmatico-semantic change. Terms expressing smallness, approximativeness, demurral/correction, adversativeness/concession and interrogation are applied in an attenuating manner in a number of languages. The paper draws on Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory, Sweetser’s (1990), Geeraerts’ (1997) and Kövecses and Radden’s (1998) cognitive and metaphorical/metonymic approaches to etymology, Traugott and Dasher’s (2002) Invited Inferencing Theory of Semantic Change, Haspelmath’s (1999) notions of irreversibility and Kerswill and Williams’ (2002) sociolinguistic concept of “salience”. It is suggested that politeness theory, with its dual conceptualisation to do with conflict-avoidance and social indexing, has strong explanatory power in the two phases of semantic change: innovation and propagation. A new form–function configuration emerges in interaction to manage rapport and is diffused, provided it is given positive social evaluation.
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Hyunseok Seo. "A Study on an Investigation into the Current Condition and the Improvement of ‘Standardized of Greeting Expressions’ of the Korean Spoken Language." Journal of Speech Communication ll, no. 15 (December 2009): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18625/jsc.2009..15.129.
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Sairio, Anni. "“Now to my distress”." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00007.sai.
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Abstract It is argued that shame has become increasingly important as a mechanism of social control in Western societies while our awareness of shame has simultaneously decreased. This paper explores the functions of the lexemes shame, disgrace and ignominy in the eighteenth-century section of the Corpus of Early English Correspondence and investigates how shame-inducing situations were discussed in letter-writing. Direct expressions of shame emerge particularly as formulaic apologies and reflect breached social conventions, honour, inadequacy and immorality. Shame discourse in the two case studies, however, proved to be context-dependent, evasive and euphemistic, and shame was expressed through a range of negative emotions. An element of discomfort in eighteenth-century shame discourse indicates that shame had taboo connotations, but the formulaic presence of shame and its connection to the cultural keyword of honour underlines its role as a mechanism of social control.
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Sharifian, Farzad, and Mehri Bagheri. "Conceptualisations of xoshbaxti (‘happiness / prosperity’) and baxt (‘fate / luck’) in Persian." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 20, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.16006.sha.
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Abstract This paper explores conceptualisations of xoshbaxti (‘happiness / prosperity’) and baxt (‘fate / luck’) in Persian, adopting a combined historical and contemporary analysis. The expression xoshbaxti consists of the free morphemes xosh (‘pleasant’) and baxt (‘fate’). The root of baxt originates from the Proto-Indo-European language (bʰeh₂g). An historical analysis returning all the way to the Proto-Indo-Iranian religion shows that the concept of baxt captured the idea of a pre-determined destiny by conceptualising Bhaga as a god who dispenses fortune. Data from a number of Persian encyclopaedias, dictionaries and weblogs, as well as a word association task carried out by a group of speakers of Persian, revealed that xoshbaxti in contemporary Persian is largely associated with what is considered to be a “good” married life. Overall, the findings of this study illustrate the usefulness of combining diachronic and synchronic approaches when analysing cultural conceptualisations. The study also shows that attempts to trace the historical roots of cultural conceptualisations may benefit from insights gained in other fields, such as the history of religions. In this context, the multidisciplinary nature of the newly developed field of Cultural Linguistics provides an effective basis for cross-disciplinary openness, which has the potential to deepen the scope of analyses undertaken.
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Murray, Jill C. "Framing and blaming in times of economic crisis." Journal of Language and Politics 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 814–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.13.1.10mur.
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This article takes a critical approach to the language used by Australian politicians during the global financial crisis of 2007–8. Critical periods in history provide a rich substrate for the appearance of new expressions with the potential to frame the debate, influencing the ways events are interpreted and blame attributed. Passing unnoticed into usage, such memes have the potential to become part of unexamined background knowledge and covertly co-opt hearers and users into shared systems of value and belief. The study focusses on one specific neologism deployed by opposition politicians, firstly in an attempt to create the erroneous impression that a recession was occurring and secondly that it was the fault of the Australian Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd. Patterns of occurrence were tracked against local and international events, indicating a life cycle with several distinct phases: chance emergence, a strategic deployment, cross-genre diffusion, resistance and eventual rejection.
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Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. "The rise of a concessive “category reassessment” construction." Historical Pragmatics today 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00051.tra.
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Abstract In the Late Modern English period, several expressions arose with concessive ‘despite what might be expected’ meaning, among them anyway, nonetheless and all the same (Lenker 2010). The topic of this paper is the rise of the specialized concessive construction “but (be) X all the same”. In the full rhetorical formula of which it is a part, X is initially represented as not having properties Y but nevertheless as having sufficient other relevant properties to be classified as X, as in “…fear. It is not the eye-rolling, quaking fear seen in police states, but it is fear all the same” (1963 coha). Here the writer concedes that there is fear despite Y (see Horn [1991] on “redundant information”) and invites the addressee to reinterpret the initial X retrospectively (see Haselow [2013] on functions of “final particles”). Using data mainly from clmet3.0 and coha, I discuss the conventionalization of this construction in terms of Diachronic Construction Grammar and argue alongside, for example, Goldberg (2004); Cappelle (2017) and Finkbeiner (2019) that pragmatics should be given a larger role in construction grammar than has often been the case in the past.
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Zbenovich, Claudia. "Communication modes." Journal of Language and Politics 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2007): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.6.1.06zbe.
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The article discusses linguistic forms and pragmatic features of the verbal interaction that occurred in interviews with Russian politicians in the last decade of the 20th century. The genre of political interview emerged in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union; it was exposed to different trends in verbal communication, gradually shaping its own discourse norms and structure. The study investigates the ways of expression by communicants their intentions and offers a comparative analysis of the ‘talk’ and ‘attack’ interview styles. These two counter types of political discourse dramatically illustrate the inherent features of the Russian culture of communication as a whole.
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Roderick, Ian. "The politics of office design." Journal of Language and Politics 15, no. 3 (August 4, 2016): 274–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.15.3.03rod.
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Abstract Recent changes in open plan office design are intended to facilitate flexible and collaborative work practices. Though promoted in terms of aesthetics and functionality, these changes in layout and furnishing communicate a great deal about how work and the workers that perform them are understood. Drawing upon the semiotics of framing and the chronotope, the open plan office is analyzed as a multimodal realization of neoliberal discourses on the flexibilization and deregulation of work. As such, the collaborative open plan office does more than represent or give expression to neoliberal ideologies, it normalizes and makes durable the work processes, identities and temporalities of neoliberalized labour.
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Watts, Richard J. "A socio-cognitive approach to historical politeness." Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness 12, no. 1-2 (May 23, 2011): 104–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.12.1-2.05wat.
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The central argument of this paper is that “politeness”, when looked at not as a theoretical term but as a lexeme in the English language, has a relatively unstable set of cognitive concepts for which it prompts when used. The first-order notion of “politeness” developed by Watts, Ide and Ehlich (1992a), Watts (2003, 2005) and Locher (2004) entails the need for a very different form of theorisation from the rationalist/objectivist approach presented in Brown and Levinson ([1978] 1987). The only way to develop such a new “theory” of first-order “politeness” is to take positively and negatively evaluated linguistic expressions referring to the general area of “politeness” (polite, polished, refined, well-mannered, standoffish, etc.) to prompt for the socio-cognitive construction of a range of meanings that do not always correspond to one another or even overlap, i.e. to develop a socio-cognitive constructionist approach to emergent social practice. In terms of looking at “politeness” from a historical point of view, it is obviously difficult if not impossible to reconstruct the forms of emergent social practice, but English writings during the early eighteenth century are replete with references to terms such as polite, polished, affected, politeness, etc. The close study of how such terms are used reveals that what was understood by them was very different from what politeness researchers of today understand by “politeness”, and such differences can only be accounted for by positing a relativist model that can account for variability and change.
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Foluke, Siwoku-Awi Omotayo. "A Multi-Nodal Approach to Teaching Literature-In-French at Tertiary Levels." Journal of Education and Practice 4, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.414.
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Purpose: The purpose of this research is to propose solutions to the problems posed by the teaching of Literature-in-French to the Anglophone learner who has not gained mastery of the appropriate collocations, registers, jargons and expressions that can adequately describe an experience, an emotion or a philosophical position as to be able to analytically engage in the debates or polemics raised by the author of a literary text.Methodology: The methodology used is explanatory and historical in which the brief account of French language teaching and its importance to the Nigerian economy is traced; the foundational teaching at the secondary and teacher training levels and French teaching for special purposes are fundamental to mastery and ability to communicate and engage in literary analyses, which is the major discourse. The teaching of French is explored and the practice of traditional approaches is juxtaposed with the innovative multi-nodal approach, developed from the author’s over thirty years of tertiary teaching.Findings: The findings are that a multi-nodal approach to teaching Literature-in-French to Anglophone learners will improve their linguistic and communicative abilities and is a predictor of better achievement in French.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This research has proposed a multi-nodal technique for teaching Nigerian students whose limited lexical and syntactical competencies in French do not allow for elaborate analysis of literary subjects. The implication for teaching literature-in-French is that it will be theory based, the type that falls within the experience of learners and that they can discuss with ease. The multi-nodal approach comprises of other innovative activities like translation, comparative study, computer-aided learning, students’ participation in roles plays, skits and in particular the use of easy-to-read texts. All these activities combined should enable an all-round achievement in French language and literary performance
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Collins, Peter. "Storying Self and Others." Studying Identity: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges 2, no. 2 (November 18, 2003): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.2.2.04col.
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Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork undertaken among British Quakers this article attempts to elucidate some of the connections between the narrative quality of everyday interaction and the local construction of self. Focusing on the Quaker Meeting, we find that the social identity of individual participants is precipitated in the interplay between three modes of discourse: the prototypical or individual, the vernacular and the canonic. For individuals to participate successfully in Meeting they are required to present and then reconstruct their autobiographical selves in response to their increasing familiarisation both with well-known canonic texts and also the local expression of these texts. The tensions which characterise this process might be said to define the politics of community in this case.
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Dorostkar, Niku, and Alexander Preisinger. "‘Cyber hate’ vs. ‘cyber deliberation’." Journal of Language and Politics 16, no. 6 (June 12, 2017): 759–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.15033.dor.
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Abstract Our contribution deals with an Austrian case study on racist discourse strategies in the forums of the Austrian online newspaper derStandard.at. First, we will consider forums as a communicative form characterised by specific linguistic features as well as its technical and functional design. Furthermore, we will present an analysis of the reader’s postings from a critical-discursive perspective following the discourse-historical approach, where the readers’ comments on articles on migration and language are investigated against the background of online-specific communication. Another subject of discussion will be areas of conflict between freedom of expression, deliberation and the ‘censorship’ of the forums by the editorial staff with the help of semi-automated tools for filtering out explicit racist postings. Finally, we discuss chances and risks of the investigated forums regarding discursive and social practices within democratically constituted societies and address the question which actions can be taken to improve the quality of such forums.
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Vallverdú, Jordi, Huma Shah, and David Casacuberta. "Chatterbox Challenge as a Test-Bed for Synthetic Emotions." International Journal of Synthetic Emotions 1, no. 2 (July 2010): 12–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jse.2010070102.
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Chatterbox Challenge is an annual web-based contest for artificial conversational systems, ACE. The 2010 instantiation was the tenth consecutive contest held between March and June in the 60th year following the publication of Alan Turing’s influential disquisition ‘computing machinery and intelligence’. Loosely based on Turing’s viva voca interrogator-hidden witness imitation game, a thought experiment to ascertain a machine’s capacity to respond satisfactorily to unrestricted questions, the contest provides a platform for technology comparison and evaluation. This paper provides an insight into emotion content in the entries since the 2005 Chatterbox Challenge. The authors find that synthetic textual systems, none of which are backed by academic or industry funding, are, on the whole and more than half a century since Weizenbaum’s natural language understanding experiment, little further than Eliza in terms of expressing emotion in dialogue. This may be a failure on the part of the academic AI community for ignoring the Turing test as an engineering challenge.
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SoonheeKwon and Kyungwha Chung. "A Study on the Aspects that Korean Learner’s Difference in Language and Culture Interferes with the Understanding of Expressions: With a Focus on Request Speech Acts." Journal of Speech Communication ll, no. 30 (November 2015): 59–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18625/jsc.2015..30.59.
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Chang, Hui-Ching, and Richard Holt. "Naming China." Journal of Language and Politics 10, no. 3 (October 31, 2011): 396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.10.3.05cha.
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In the article, we analyze how names for China are used by five ROC presidents in National Day speeches over 58 years (1949–2007), including “communist bandits”; “Chinese communists”; “mainland” and “opposite shore/both shores”; “China”; and “People’s Republic of China.” Each name registers unique historicity and each displays associated expressions, reshuffling power structures and allowing negotiation of ideological positioning. Sometimes overlapping, sometimes joining at edges, these names cleave to inconsistent layers of meaning, helping presidents negotiate courses of action in Taiwan’s yet-to-be-resolved political identity.
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Jørgensen, Signe Kjær. "Not just any order!" Journal of Language and Politics 11, no. 3 (November 26, 2012): 382–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.11.3.04joe.
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The article analyses how the Mohammad cartoons enforced stereotypes of Muslims. It provides in-depth analysis of the cartoons based on opinion material from public debate and cognitive discourse analysis of “common sense knowledge”. The article shows that the main themes of interpretation were Muslim male and female identities. These were presented in a stereotypical way, downplaying agency and critical reflection among Muslim believers. Moreover, many citizens pointed out similarities between the Abrahamic religions. Such interpretations may be traced to mental models that perceived the cartoons as either humorous, a matter of Freedom of speech, or as an expression of values supportive to multiculturalism. Thereby the public debate drew on discourses about terrorism, veiling, child marriages, mother tongue education, and Turkey’s possible EU-accession. In general, the cartoons as well as the public debate about them enforced new racist ideas of Muslims.
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Mondada, Lorenza, Hanna Svensson, and Nynke van Schepen. "A table-based turn-taking system and its political consequences." Journal of Language and Politics 16, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.16.1.05mon.
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Abstract Turn-taking in political settings faces the problem of how to enable the participation of larger numbers of speakers in orderly ways; solutions have been described as offered by constrained formats like the turn-type pre-allocation system or the mediated turn-taking system. This paper describes another specific solution, a table-based turn-taking system. The study describes how facilitators managing brainstorming sessions in a participatory project exploit the spatial distribution of the citizens around tables scattered in the meeting room. By organizing discussions table by table, rather than selecting next individual speakers, the facilitators select groups and attributes specific rights and obligations to talk to “tables”, which are then treated not as a mere spatial location but as a political entity. The table-based device does not just solve problems of turn-taking management but also fosters the expression of collective opinions of the “table” as a place for building consensus.