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Journal articles on the topic 'Juba Water and Sanitation Programme'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Akbar Maulana, Akbar Maulana, Suyono Suyono, and Sampir Andrean Sukoco. "Assistance in the Provision of Clean Water and Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructure in Kalisat Village, Kalisat District, Jember Regency." Journal Of Humanities Community Empowerment 2, no. 2 (2024): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/jhce.v2i2.1787.

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The assistance programme for the provision of clean water and sanitation facilities and infrastructure in Kalisat Village, Kalisat Sub-district, Jember Regency aims to improve the quality of life of the village community through better access to clean water and sanitation facilities. This assistance involves various stages, starting from the initial survey to identify needs and environmental conditions, planning, to the implementation of the necessary infrastructure. Active community participation is a key component of the programme, supported by training and education on the importance of san

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Moulik, Soma Ghosh, and Somnath Sen. "The Mumbai Slum Sanitation Programme." Waterlines 25, no. 2 (2006): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2006.050.

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3

Malek, Nor Malina, and James Arike Charles Duku. "Barriers to Clean and Safe Water Access in Juba: AA-QQ-RD Framework on SDG 6 in South Sudan." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 9, no. 9 (2024): e002984. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v9i9.2984.

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Juba, the capital city of South Sudan while, presenting a unique case as a rapidly growing city in a post-conflict country, its water infrastructure has been severely affected by decades of conflict, leaving it inadequate and underdeveloped. This study was conducted with the main objective of establishing factors causing the inadequacy of clean and safe water among households in Juba City. This study employed a proposed AA-QQ-RD (Availability, Affordability, Quality, Quantity, Reliability, and Distance) framework. The research employed a qualitative methodology, gathering data through in-depth

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González-Rodrigo, Beatriz, Ana Esteban-Zazo, Cristina Vela-Plaza, Esnati James Chaggu, and José Antonio Mancebo. "Monitoring the Impact of National Sanitation and Hygiene Programme for Rural Communities in Chamwino (Tanzania)." Water 14, no. 5 (2022): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050735.

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The Sustainable Development Goals promulgate access to sanitation and hygiene for all and the end to open defecation in the framework of the human right to sanitation. Tanzania has one of the lowest levels of access to sanitation, with increasing open defecation. Ending open defecation has been identified as a top priority for reducing global inequalities in WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene). In this context, the coordinated work of NGOs, universities and governments developed a hygiene and sanitation programme (UMATA), whose methodologies and lessons learnt are ready to be scaled up. This

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Quattrochi, John Paul, Aidan Coville, Eric Mvukiyehe, et al. "Effects of a community-driven water, sanitation and hygiene intervention on water and sanitation infrastructure, access, behaviour, and governance: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in rural Democratic Republic of Congo." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 5 (2021): e005030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005030.

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IntroductionInadequate water and sanitation is a central challenge in global health. Since 2008, the Democratic Republic of Congo government has implemented a national programme, Healthy Villages and Schools (Villages et Ecoles Assainis (VEA), with support from UNICEF, financed by UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.MethodsA cluster-level randomised controlled trial of VEA was implemented throughout 2019 across 332 rural villages, grouped into 50 treatment and 71 control clusters. Primary outcomes included time spent collecting water; quantity of water collected; prevalence of im

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Pattanayak, Subhrendu K., Christine Poulos, Jui-Chen Yang, Sumeet R. Patil, and Kelly J. Wendland. "Of taps and toilets: quasi-experimental protocol for evaluating community-demand-driven projects." Journal of Water and Health 7, no. 3 (2009): 434–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.059.

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Sustainable and equitable access to safe water and adequate sanitation are widely acknowledged as vital, yet neglected, development goals. Water supply and sanitation (WSS) policies are justified because of the usual efficiency criteria, but also major equity concerns. Yet, to date there are few scientific impact evaluations showing that WSS policies are effective in delivering social welfare outcomes. This lack of an evaluation culture is partly because WSS policies are characterized by diverse mechanisms, broad goals and the increasing importance of decentralized delivery, and partly because

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Anthonj, Carmen, Lisa Fleming, Samuel Godfrey, et al. "Health Risk Perceptions Are Associated with Domestic Use of Basic Water and Sanitation Services—Evidence from Rural Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102112.

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We examine factors associated with the use of basic water supply and sanitation services as part of an integrated community-based nutrition programme which included a drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) intervention and emphasise findings related to health risk perceptions. Data were collected from 2658 households in four regions in Ethiopia with a cross-sectional survey in WaSH intervention areas, as well as in control areas, where the intervention was not implemented. The data were analysed using bivariate and multivariable regression analysis. Awareness of health risk factors rela

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Kasrils, R. "Forward to Johannesburg and hydro-solidarity." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 6 (2003): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0361.

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The provision of clean drinking water and adequate sanitation is one of the simplest and most effective steps to eradicating poverty. In South Africa a major programme is underway which will ensure all South Africans have a clean water supply within six years, and access to acceptable sanitation within ten years. Total basin management, transcending national boundaries, is essential to ensure the use of water for the common good of all. The term "hydro-solidarity" illustrates water as a catalyst for co-operation.

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Minnatullah, K. M. "Towards an Affordable Human Waste Management Programme for the Poor – A Report on Bangladesh." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 7-8 (1986): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0271.

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Nearly 80% of all illness in Bangladesh is related to water and sanitation. The combined rate of enteric diseases in Bangladesh is the highest in the world. 30% of all the deaths of children under 5 are due to diarrhoea, claiming more than 200,000 lives annually. Environmentally sound human waste management, along with personal hygiene awareness, are of critical importance to the prevention of faecal-oral disease transmission. present rural sanitation coverage is about 3%. A national target has been set to ensure that 13% of the rural poor will be covered under the human waste management progr

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Stephens, Carolyn, Jonathan Parkinson, and Christopher Sackeyfio. "Sanitation Challenge for Ghana (SC4Gh): motivating local authorities through innovation prizes to achieve SDG6." Waterlines 40, no. 3 (2021): 192–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.21-00005.

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As part of the UK Government-funded Ideas to Impact programme, the Sanitation Challenge for Ghana (SC4Gh) ran from 2015 to 2019 aiming to incentivize local authorities in Ghana to prioritize resources to improve municipal sanitation services towards the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6. The paper reviews the overall results of the SC4Gh and discusses selected results for the Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) involved. The most notable outcome was that MMDAs involved were able to make significant improvements across the sanitation value chain with limit

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Shordt, Kathleen, and K. Balachandra Kurup. "Operational lessons from a sanitation programme in Kerala." Waterlines 14, no. 3 (1996): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1996.002.

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Cotton, A. "Reporting aid flows for water supply and sanitation: official development assistance." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 3 (2013): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.058.

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Current resource allocations for water supply and sanitation are far below those required to meet basic needs, particularly in low-income countries. Many organisations supporting advocacy and arguing for change make use of the primary statistical data for Official Development Assistance (ODA) which measures donor aid flows to the sector. From 2010 onwards important changes have taken place to the way ODA is reported including disaggregation between aid flows for water supply and aid flows for sanitation. This paper reports findings from a consultative group regarding issues requiring clarifica

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Lennard, Zia, Domenico Perfido, and Jean-Baptiste Dussaussois. "INNOQUA: Innovative Ecological On-Site Sanitation System for Water and Resource Savings." Proceedings 2, no. 15 (2018): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2151131.

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INNOQUA, an EU-funded project through the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme launched in June 2016, aims to meet this challenge by promoting sustainable water sanitation technologies capable of performing a whole water treatment cycle.

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Dey, Digbijoy, A. T. M. Ridwanul Haque, Babar Kabir, and Sharmin Farhat Ubaid. "Fecal indicator and Ascaris removal from double pit latrine content." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 6 (2016): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.214.

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Since May 2006, the BRAC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Programme in Bangladesh has enabled more than 30 million people to achieve hygienic sanitation, contributing to an increase in sanitation coverage from 33 to 83% in programme areas and rapid progress towards universal access. In rural areas, most families have single pit latrines that need to be emptied when full. Since 2007, BRAC has promoted the use of hygienic double-pit latrines. Use of double-pit latrines, where appropriate, is also recommended in the Bangladeshi Draft National Water Supply and Sanitation Strategy. More than 80

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Blackett, Isabel. "Co-ordinating a national sanitation programme: the Lesotho way." Waterlines 6, no. 3 (1988): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1988.005.

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Wasonga, Job, Charles Omondi Olang’o, and Felix Kioli. "Improving Households Knowledge and Attitude on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices through School Health Programme in Nyakach, Kisumu County in Western Kenya." Journal of Anthropology 2014 (November 10, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/958481.

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The global problem of access to improved sanitation and water management practices has been compounded by the gap existing between knowledge and practice as well as attitude. The aim of this study was to assess households' knowledge and attitude on water, sanitation, and hygiene practices through a school health programme. Semistructured questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and observation checklist were used to obtain information from 95 households which were systematically sampled. It was found that a school programme may not improve the gap between knowledge, a

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Pokhrel, Damodar, and Thiruvenkatachari Viraraghavan. "Diarrhoeal diseases in Nepal vis-à-vis water supply and sanitation status." Journal of Water and Health 2, no. 2 (2004): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2004.0007.

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Diarrhoeal diseases are still a major challenge in Nepal because of inadequate safe water supply, poor sanitation and living conditions. However, several other factors such as the literacy rate, socio-economic status, and social, religious or personal perception of the cause of disease may influence the rate of morbidity and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases. A yearly minimum death of 30,000 and morbidity of 3.3 episodes per child was estimated due to diarrhoea. An environmental health education programme, along with water supply and sanitation intervention, is an effective mitigation measure t

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Nayebare, J. G., M. M. Owor, R. Kulabako, L. C. Campos, E. Fottrell, and R. G. Taylor. "WASH conditions in a small town in Uganda: how safe are on-site facilities?" Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 1 (2019): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.070.

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Abstract Inadequate hygiene coupled with the conjunctive use of the shallow subsurface as both a source of water and repository of faecal matter pose substantial risks to human health in low-income countries undergoing rapid urbanisation. To evaluate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions in a small, rapidly growing town in central Uganda (Lukaya) served primarily by on-site water supply and sanitation facilities, water-point mapping, focus group discussions, sanitary-risk inspections and 386 household surveys were conducted. Household surveys indicate high awareness (82%) of domestic

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Rotival, Alexander H. "Beyond the Decade: A Framework for Global Cooperation." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (1991): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0417.

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The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD) was launched by the General Assembly of the United Nations in November 1980 with the goal “to provide all people with water of safe quality and adequate quantity and basic sanitary facilities by 1990”. The World Bank estimates that despite the efforts during the Decade less than 50 percent of developing country populations have access to adequate water supplies and only 20 percent to adequate sanitation facilities. Major factors for the situation are the continuing population explosion and the economic stagnation of develop

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FREEMAN, M. C., T. CLASEN, R. DREIBELBIS, et al. "The impact of a school-based water supply and treatment, hygiene, and sanitation programme on pupil diarrhoea: a cluster-randomized trial." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 2 (2013): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813001118.

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SUMMARYThe impact of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access on mitigating illness is well documented, although impact of school-based WASH on school-aged children has not been rigorously explored. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in Nyanza Province, Kenya to assess the impact of a school-based WASH intervention on diarrhoeal disease in primary-school pupils. Two study populations were used: schools with a nearby dry season water source and those without. Pupils attending ‘water-available’ schools that received hygiene promotion and water treatment (HP&WT) and sanitati

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Francis, Justice Kwesi Agbofa. "Evaluating the Impact of (WASH) Program on Education in the New Juaben North Municipal of Ghana: Evidence from SDA College Demonstration Basic Schools." RA JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH 08, no. 01 (2022): 01–06. https://doi.org/10.47191/rajar/v8i1.01.

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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the impact of the water, sanitation and hygiene systems (WASH) programme at the Seventh–Day Adventist College of Education Demonstration Basic Schools in the New Juaben North Municipal Assembly. The study sought to assess the causes of inefficiencies in the WASH programme at the Demonstration Basic Schools in the New Juaben North Municipal Assembly; examine the effects of the inefficiencies on the learners at the schools, and suggest appropriate strategies to improve the WASH programme. The researcher employed a qualitative approach to

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Adhikari, Keshab Prasad. "Water and Sanitation for Population Health and Wellbeing: The Nepalese Initiatives." Molung Educational Frontier 10 (December 31, 2020): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v10i0.34075.

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A person's wellbeing is highly dependent on both the quality and the availability of water, and efficient management of this precious resource. Both biological disease agents and chemical pollutants are compromising drinking-water quality. Contaminated water causes a range of often life-threatening diseases. Of the waterborne diseases affecting a person's health, mostly children, the deadliest are diarrhoeal infections. To manage the supply of quality water with the required quantity, it needs proper policy and programme in place to ensure improved and total sanitation for public wellbeing. Th

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Howard, Guy, and Zach White. "Does payment by results work? Lessons from a multi-country WASH programme." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 4 (2020): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.039.

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Abstract Payment by results (PbR) for financing public services has attracted increasing interest over recent years in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector. PbR is attractive to funders as a mechanism because it focuses attention on results rather than inputs, and because it transfers a proportion of risk to suppliers. This paper reviews the experience of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) funded WASH Results Programme (WRP), which used PbR, drawing on a process evaluation and the experience of the first author in commissioning the programme, and the second auth

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Kusumaningtiar, Devi Angeliana, Veza Azteria, and Erna Veronika. "Overview of Water Sanitation and Hygiene in School (WinS) Urban Areas, Indonesia." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (2024): e1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i1.1654.

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Objective: Indonesia is a developing country that still has water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) problems. Only 16% of education units have access to all basic services such as water, sanitation and hygiene and as many as 43.5 million Indonesian children do not have access to basic drinking water, basic sanitation and hygiene at school. This can have an impact on increasing disease transmission in children at school. This study aimed to analyse the coverage of school WASH in Bekasi City so as to identify the constraints and problems of WASH in schools. Methodology: This type of research used a

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Fatunmibi, Ibukun. "Sustainable Development Goal-Six (SDG-6) Water and Sanitation, Impact on Nigeria, Assessing the Intersection with Public Health and Globalization: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. XII (2024): 778–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7012060.

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Aim and scope: The important developmental encounter in the low-income country such as Nigeria has created challenges to make available and sustain the management of safe water and adequate sanitation for the citizenry. The poor access to portable drinking water, and inadequate sanitation practices poses a huge problems in Nigeria predominantly the public health burden linked with the polluted water and its sources, and poor sanitation practices. In this systematic review, the nature and scale of water availability, contamination and transmission of water borne disease and their intersection w

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Mehta, Meera, and Dinesh Mehta. "City sanitation ladder: moving from household to citywide sanitation assessment." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 4 (2013): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.134.

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Monitoring sanitation has generally focused on basic access with its implicit links to health impacts. The new thinking on urban sanitation monitoring goes beyond the household level facilities to encompass wider dimensions of equity, public health and natural environment. This requires an assessment of the full value chain from the user interface to storage, conveyance, treatment and disposal or reuse. In developing country context, this also necessitates incorporating other sanitation dimensions beyond excreta management, especially management of greywater, storm water and solid waste as the

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Cotton, Andrew, and Jamie Bartram. "Sanitation: on- or off-track? Issues of monitoring sanitation and the role of the Joint Monitoring Programme." Waterlines 27, no. 1 (2008): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2008.003.

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Borja-Vega, Christian. "The effects of the Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing programme on gender and ethnic groups in Indonesia." Waterlines 33, no. 1 (2014): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2014.007.

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Espinosa, Lair, and Oscar A. López Rivera. "UNICEF’s Urban Basic Services Programme in Illegal Settlements in Guatemala City." Urbanisation 3, no. 1 (2018): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455747118774860.

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This article describes the Urban Basic Services Programme that UNICEF’s Guatemala Office developed in Guatemala City between 1984 and 1993. Working initially with other NGOs and subsequently with government agencies, the programme developed a variety of community based, community directed initiatives for water, sanitation and drainage, housing improvement, health promotion, health care and child development in the illegal or informal settlements in which close to half of Guatemala City’s population live. The programme included an innovative network of health promoters elected from their own co

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Kurup, K. Balachandra. "Community based approaches in water supply and sanitation programme ? An Indian experience." Social Indicators Research 24, no. 4 (1991): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00383737.

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Akwataghibe, Ngozi, Madeleen Wegelin, Leonie Postma, et al. "Exploring equity focus of the SHAWN WASH programme in Nigeria." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (2018): 546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.020.

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Abstract This study assesses the extent to which equity was mainstreamed in the UNICEF Sanitation, Hygiene and Water in Nigeria (SHAWN) programme. Mixed methods consisting of desk review, survey of 2,105 households, individual survey of physically disabled people, focus group discussions with community members and in-depth interviews with key informants were used. The WASH project displayed equity considerations in selection of local government areas for its interventions – prioritizing underserved and unserved rural areas, females and places with the greatest needs – leading to increased acce

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Mehta, Aarsh, Ana Barfield, and Mark Thomson. "The Learning Hub – Empowering Remote Rural Communities across India through Blended Learning." International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 17, no. 4 (2024): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v17i4.51251.

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This case study explores The Learning Hub, an initiative of the Aga Khan Foundation (AKF), which hosts, among many other learning assets, a three-strand learning programme to enhance the quality of life in rural India through innovative blended learning strategies. The programme, delivered by the Aga Khan Rural Support Programme India (AKRSPI), addresses critical issues such as water sanitation, sustainable agriculture, and governance by delivering courses through a combination of video-based online content and in-person facilitation. The study provides a brief analysis of AKF's blended learni

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Crispim, Diêgo Lima, Rodrigo Silvano Silva Rodrigues, Artur Sales de Abreu Vieira, Francisco Carlos Lira Pessoa, and Lindemberg Lima Fernandes. "Health indicators in Amazonian cities: case study in the State of Pará, Brazil." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 7 (2020): e635973531. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i7.3531.

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The adequate provision of basic sanitation services is an essential condition for public health and quality of life of the population. The lack or insufficiency of sanitation services coverage may cause several externalities that could harm public health and social well-being. The purpose of this study was to elaborate a health indicator through the relationship between infant mortality rate, urban population and sanitation services coverage (such as piped water, solid waste collection, water supply and sewage). This was a documentary and exploratory study that utilized multivariate analysis t

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Taware, Sachin Arun, and Harshad Thakur. "Effectiveness of water, sanitation and hygiene-based programme on toilet etiquette and sanitation targeted at primary school children of Mumbai." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 4 (2021): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211241.

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Background: As per the WHO-UNICEF monitoring report 2012, around 626 million people, or half of the population of India defecate in the open; this explains the high burden of communicable diseases in developing countries like India. In this context present study attempts to assess the effectiveness of school-based awareness programme on toilette etiquettes and sanitation in primary school-going children (mean age 9.27 years.) of Mumbai city. Methods: This is a comparative, before and after study between the interventional group and the comparison group. The study was carried out between July 2

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Cotton, A., B. Valfrey-Visser, P. van Maanen, and R. Scott. "European Union support for sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa: aid flows and effectiveness." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2, no. 3 (2012): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2012.106.

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Within sub-Saharan Africa, 569 million people, amounting to 69% of the population, do not use improved sanitation. This study presents an overview of European Union (EU) donor support to sanitation in sub-Saharan Africa and proposes a method for investigating the effectiveness of national sanitation programmes through linking aid flows to sanitation outcomes in terms of trends in open defecation; this can be used to locate the relative performance of different countries. The work addresses key concerns of the African Ministers' Council on Water and the European donors around the need to increa

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Agbo, Felicia Onyemowo, and Muluku A. Isa. "Scientific Skills and Concept Learning by Rural Women for Personal and National Development." Science Education International 28, no. 2 (2017): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33828/sei.v28.i2.5.

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This paper examined scientific skills and concept learning by rural women for personal and national development. The research design employed was a quasi-experimental one-group pretest and posttest design. A non-formal science programme package to enhance and empower the rural women's knowledge and skills in their daily activities (nutrition, sanitation, health, agriculture, and water use) was designed and validated by three experts from the Science Education Department of a University. The reliability coefficient was 0.80 and the programme was taught for six weeks to the rural women in order

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Lemein, Justus Parsamai, and Duncan Nyakundi Nyaberi. "Project Time Management and Performance of Kenya Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Programme at Central Rift Water Works Development Agency." International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research (IJSSHR) ISSN 2959-7056 (o); 2959-7048 (p) 2, no. 3 (2024): 122–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.61108/ijsshr.v2i3.132.

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The general objective of the study was to examine the influence of Project time management on the performance of Kenya Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Projects at Central Rift Water Works Development Agency specifically the study. The study was anchored by pickle jar theory, theory of constraints, theory of effective project implementation and communication theory. A descriptive survey design was used in this research. The study targeted project managers, consultants, coordinators, engineers, contractors, community representatives, and representatives from the Ministry of Water and Irrigatio

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Ravnborg, H. M., and K. M. Jensen. "The water governance challenge: the discrepancy between what is and what should be." Water Supply 12, no. 6 (2012): 799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.056.

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In 2010, the UN General Assembly declared the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential for the full enjoyment of life and all human rights. Yet, findings from the Competing for Water research programme suggest that all too often, people in need of water for domestic purposes lose out to people and companies who claim access to water for productive purposes. Likewise, in many countries, specific water authorities at national as well as basin and watershed level have been formed and assigned the responsibility to allocate water according to the wat

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Shrivastava, Brajesh K. "Mitigation of naturally occurring fluoride in drinking water sources in rural areas in India: an overview." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 3 (2013): 467–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.107.

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This paper provides updated status of fluoride affected rural habitations in all the States in India and explains the initiatives of Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, in tackling fluoride affected habitations since year 2000. It also analyses the impact of these initiatives and identifies challenges in tackling excess fluoride in drinking water in India. The paper is intended primarily for policy formulators and programme managers working in drinking water sector to tackle fluoride and fluorosis problem in rural areas.

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Dwipayanti, Ni Made Utami, Tri Dung Phung, Shannon Rutherford, and Cordia Chu. "Towards sustained sanitation services: a review of existing frameworks and an alternative framework combining ecological and sanitation life stage approaches." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 1 (2017): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.086.

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Despite increased promotion, sanitation programmes have varying degrees of success partly because of limited consideration of the wider context beyond individual factors in programme design. Although a recent model, Integrated Behaviour Model for Water Sanitation and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) comprehensively addresses this gap, the model focuses on the initial adoption factors and lacks emphasis on the functioning of the entire sanitation system from toilet usage to the safe disposal of the waste. Hence application of the model is limited, to some degree, in achieving the Sustainable Development Goal

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Munamati, Muchaneta, Innocent Nhapi, and Shepherd Nimrod Misi. "Impact of sanitation monitoring approaches on sanitation estimates in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (2018): 481–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.175.

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Abstract The Government and the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water and Sanitation (JMP) sanitation monitoring approaches often produce conflicting sanitation estimates reflecting an inconsistent view of sanitation performance. One of the possible reasons for conflicting estimates is the differences in definitions of ‘improved sanitation access’. This paper presents an assessment of definitions used in Sub-Saharan Africa and an analysis of the impact of the two monitoring approaches on sanitation estimates. Results showed that 40.0% of the 35 countries analysed used stricter definitions than

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Ndinda, Catherine, Ufo Okeke Uzodike, and Lolita Winaar. "Equality of access to sanitation in South Africa." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 43, no. 1 (2018): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/5081.

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Equality, fairness and justice are values embedded in almost all the policies developed since 1994 and this is understandable given the inequalities that were institutionalized and entrenched by the apartheid regime. The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) explicitly advanced a social development agenda by setting targets for the provision of water, sanitation and electricity. The specific sectoral policies on water, sanitation and energy went further to contextualize the principles and values that inform the provision of these services in post-apartheid South Africa. So far a lot h

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Munkhondia, Twitty. "On the road to sustainable sanitation: an overview of practices and lessons learned from a sanitation programme in Malawi." Waterlines 32, no. 1 (2013): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1756-3488.2013.005.

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Madiath, Joe. "From the Orbit of Poverty to the Spiral of Growth Experiences in Community Based Habitat Development in Rural Orissa, India." Open House International 30, no. 4 (2005): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2005-b0009.

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By reinforcing the concept of community, a unique development process has been set off in villages of Orissa, one of the poorest states in India. The fundamentals of the programme require 100% participation from all villagers with clearly defined stakes and mechanisms for institutional and financial sustainability. The programme shows how something as basic as drinking water and sanitation is able to coalesce and bind divergent strands within communities, creating new relationship dynamics between men and women, and different sections of the communities, thereby helping to trigger new strands

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Munamati, Muchaneta, Innocent Nhapi, and Shepherd N. Misi. "Monitoring sanitation performance: unpacking the figures on sanitation coverage." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 3 (2015): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.180.

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An understanding of the sanitation situation is crucial for planning and evaluating effectiveness of sanitation interventions. Such knowledge is gained through monitoring sanitation performance. At the international level, sanitation monitoring is done by the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). The JMP tracks progress made towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) sanitation target using information collected from household surveys. This article critically describes and reviews the JMP sanitation monitoring ap

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Garn, Joshua V., Leslie E. Greene, Robert Dreibelbis, Shadi Saboori, Richard D. Rheingans, and Matthew C. Freeman. "A cluster-randomized trial assessing the impact of school water, sanitation and hygiene improvements on pupil enrolment and gender parity in enrolment." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 4 (2013): 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.217.

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We employed a cluster-randomized trial design to measure the impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) improvement on pupil enrolment and on gender parity in enrolment, in primary schools in Nyanza Province, Kenya (2007–2009). Among schools with poor water access during the dry season, those that received a water supply, hygiene promotion and water treatment (HP&WT) and sanitation improvement demonstrated increased enrolment (β = 0.091 [0.009, 0.173] p = 0.03), which translates to 26 additional pupils per school on average. The proportion of girls enrolled in school als

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Renzaho, Andre, Stanley Chitekwe, Wen Chen, et al. "Impact of a multidimensional child cash grant programme on water, sanitation and hygiene in Nepal." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 3 (2018): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.006.

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Abstract The study evaluated the impact of a multidimensional child cash grant (CCG) programme on safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) outcomes. The intervention district received a CCG providing 200 Nepalese Rupee per month for up to two children for poor families with children under five, a capacity building component for effective child sensitive social protection, and behaviour change activities in addition to existing standard social welfare services in the form of targeted resource transfers (TRTs) for eligible families. The control district received only TRTs for eligible families.

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Yu, Xiaoran, Asmita Pendse, Shay Slifko, Arpana G. Inman, Peggy Kong, and Brandon A. Knettel. "Healthy People, Healthy Community: Evaluation of a train-the-trainers programme for community health workers on water, sanitation and hygiene in rural Haiti." Health Education Journal 78, no. 8 (2019): 931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896919853850.

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Objective: This evaluation examined the effectiveness and cultural compatibility of a community health worker (CHW) training programme on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in Haiti. Design: Mixed-methods including pre- and post-course tests of WASH knowledge, focus group discussions and semi-structured observation. Setting: Haiti is among the world’s most underdeveloped nations for WASH infrastructure. In rural areas of the country, fewer than half of households have access to clean water and 22% have adequate sanitation facilities. The study evaluated a ‘train-the-trainer’ programme in rur

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Gunawardana, I. P. P., and L. W. Galagedara. "A new approach to measure sanitation performance." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 2 (2013): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.046.

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Monitoring sanitation coverage using a more appropriate method will have added benefits in the sanitation sector compared with the tool currently deployed by the Joint Monitoring Programme – the sanitation ladder. Although the present sanitation ladder is a simple and generally accepted tool for monitoring it does not consider the environmental and public health risks associated with some sanitation technologies. This paper uses data gathered from three communities in Sri Lanka to illustrate the shortcomings of the current method compared with a new and more comprehensive methodology developed

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Schelbert, Vasco, Dario Meili, Mahbub-Ul Alam, et al. "When is shared sanitation acceptable in low-income urban settlements? A user perspective on shared sanitation quality in Kumasi, Kisumu and Dhaka." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 4 (2020): 959–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.084.

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Abstract Shared sanitation facilities (SSFs) have contributed considerably to sanitation access in many low-income settlements. While many SSFs are of unacceptable quality, others have been found to be a hygienically safe and a socially and economically viable sanitation option. Within its framework, the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), evaluating progress on the Sustainable Development Goals, considers shared sanitation as ‘limited sanitation’. Overall, there is uncertainty about the criteria to distinguish between unacceptable and acceptable quality of SSF. In our study, we used

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