Academic literature on the topic 'Judgement strategies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Judgement strategies"
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Hoffmann, Janina A., Bettina von Helversen, Regina A. Weilbächer, and Jörg Rieskamp. "Tracing the path of forgetting in rule abstraction and exemplar retrieval." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 11 (2018): 2261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817739861.
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People often forget acquired knowledge over time such as names of former classmates. Which knowledge people can access, however, may modify the judgement process and affect judgement accuracy. Specifically, we hypothesised that judgements based on retrieving past exemplars from long-term memory may be more vulnerable to forgetting than remembering rules that relate the cues to the criterion. Experiment 1 systematically tracked the individual course of forgetting from initial learning to later tests (immediate, 1 day, and 1 week) in a linear judgement task facilitating rule-based strategies and a multiplicative judgement task facilitating exemplar-based strategies. Practising the acquired judgement strategy in repeated tests helped participants to consistently apply the learnt judgement strategy and retain a high judgement accuracy even after a week. Yet, whereas a long retention interval did not affect judgements in the linear task, a long retention interval impaired judgements in the multiplicative task. If practice was restricted as in Experiment 2, judgement accuracy suffered in both tasks. In addition, after a week without practice, participants tried to reconstruct their judgements by applying rules in the multiplicative task. These results emphasise that the extent to which decision makers can still retrieve previously learned knowledge limits their ability to make accurate judgements and that the preferred strategies change over time if the opportunity for practice is limited.
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Molleman, Lucas, Alan N. Tump, Andrea Gradassi, et al. "Strategies for integrating disparate social information." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1939 (2020): 20202413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2413.
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Social information use is widespread in the animal kingdom, helping individuals rapidly acquire useful knowledge and adjust to novel circumstances. In humans, the highly interconnected world provides ample opportunities to benefit from social information but also requires navigating complex social environments with people holding disparate or conflicting views. It is, however, still largely unclear how people integrate information from multiple social sources that (dis)agree with them, and among each other. We address this issue in three steps. First, we present a judgement task in which participants could adjust their judgements after observing the judgements of three peers. We experimentally varied the distribution of this social information, systematically manipulating its variance (extent of agreement among peers) and its skewness (peer judgements clustering either near or far from the participant's judgement). As expected, higher variance among peers reduced their impact on behaviour. Importantly, observing a single peer confirming a participant's own judgement markedly decreased the influence of other—more distant—peers. Second, we develop a framework for modelling the cognitive processes underlying the integration of disparate social information, combining Bayesian updating with simple heuristics. Our model accurately accounts for observed adjustment strategies and reveals that people particularly heed social information that confirms personal judgements. Moreover, the model exposes strong inter-individual differences in strategy use. Third, using simulations, we explore the possible implications of the observed strategies for belief updating. These simulations show how confirmation-based weighting can hamper the influence of disparate social information, exacerbate filter bubble effects and deepen group polarization. Overall, our results clarify what aspects of the social environment are, and are not, conducive to changing people's minds.
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Bech, P., A. Haaber, and C. R. B. Joyce. "Experiments on clinical observation and judgement in the assessment of depression: profiled videotapes and Judgement Analysis." Psychological Medicine 16, no. 4 (1986): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700011880.
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SynopsisVariations within and between observer-judges reduce the accuracy of clinical research. Judgement Analysis allows strategies to be developed and applied which reduce variation in judgement. The prediction that the removal of important sources of error variance by this means would reduce the likelihood of committing a Type 2 Error was supported by the application of Judgement Analysis to assessments by 15 psychiatrists of 92 patients in a clinical trial of 2 antidepressive treatments. The statistical significance of differences between the effect of the treatments on the severity of depression was increased, and significant differences appeared earlier. Ten stimulated patient profiles were also converted into narrative case histories, enacted by experienced psychiatrists or psychologists and videotaped. The participants' judgements of the overall severity of the depression were in good agreement with those they had made on the original cases. Videotapes so prepared help training to reduce variation in observation, just as Judgement Analysis can lead to reductions in the variation of judgement.
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Marx, Melvin H., Yung Che Kim, and Bruce B. Henderson. "Developmental Patterns of Free Recall and Frequency Judgement in Korean and American Students." International Journal of Behavioral Development 21, no. 2 (1997): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502597384848.
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Four experiments were conducted to compare developmental changes in free recall and frequency judgement. In Experiment 1, 1012 Korean students were shown a series of animal names and then asked to recall them and to estimate the frequency with which they had occurred. The poorest performance on both tasks was by primary-school students and the best by secondary-school students; college students were intermediate in performance. Essentially similar results were obtained in Experiment 2, with an additional 288 Korean students, except that secondary-school students did not perform better than college students. In this experiment, there was complete control of item specificity over frequency and any possible clustering effect was eliminated by using unrelated words rather than animal names. In Experiment 3, the developmental trends in frequency judgement were replicated with 193 American students. Those developmental trends were obtained with another 186 American students in Experiment 4 using relative frequency judgements. Retrospective reports about how frequency judgements were made suggested a developmental shift from more literal counting strategies to more intuitive strength impression judgements. The results are interpreted as suggesting the need for some modification of the Hasher and Zacks (1979, 1984) age-invariance proposition for frequency judgement.
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Maradona, Agus Fredy. "A Qualitative Exploration of Heuristics and Cognitive Biases in Auditor Judgements." ACCOUNTABILITY 9, no. 2 (2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/ja.30634.9.2.2020.94-112.
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Professional judgement is inherent in financial statement audits because various methods, techniques, or approaches prescribed in auditing standards do not provide auditors with detailed guidance or specific audit criteria. While auditors are expected to exercise their judgements based on careful reasoning, there is a possibility that they do not always follow such an approach and instead make their judgements using heuristics. This study aims to penetrate and reveal whether there are cognitive biases in the judgements of auditors and what heuristics lead to these biases. This study employs a qualitative research design and uses ethnomethodology as a research approach. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 auditors who were either partners, managers, seniors, or juniors at a public accounting firm. Using the heuristic-bias framework as a theoretical lens and based on an analysis involving data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification, this study identifies five types of biases that auditors can experience: jumping to conclusions, groupthink, representativeness, availability, and anchoring biases. The results of this study present practical implications for auditors, accounting professional associations, public accounting firms, and academic institutions. That is, the findings provide insights for formulating strategies aimed at raising auditors’ awareness about possible systematic errors, or biases, in professional judgements when auditors rely on heuristics as a simplifying judgement-making strategy.
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Song, Mingzhi, Zheng Zhu, Peipei Wang, et al. "An Alternative Rural Housing Management Tool Empowered by a Bayesian Neural Classifier." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031785.
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In developing countries, decision-making regarding old rural houses significantly relies on expert site investigations, which are criticized for being resource-demanding. This paper aims to construct an efficient Bayesian classifier for house safety and habitability risk evaluations, enabling people with none-civil-engineering backgrounds to make judgements comparable with experts so that house risk levels can be checked regularly at low costs. An initial list of critical risk factors for house safety and habitability was identified with a literature review and verified by expert discussions, field surveys, and Pearson’s Chi-square test of independence with 864 questionnaire samples. The model was constructed according to the causal mechanism between the verified factors and quantified using Bayesian belief network parameter learning. The model reached relatively high accuracy rates, ranging from 91.3% to 100.0% under different situations, including crosschecks with unused expert judgement samples with full input data, crosschecks with unused expert judgement samples with missing input data, and those involving local residents’ judgement. Model sensitivity analyses revealed walls; purlins and roof trusses; and foundations as the three most critical factors for safety and insulation and waterproofing; water and electricity; and fire safety for habitability. The identified list of critical factors contributes to the rural house evaluation and management strategies for developing countries. In addition, the established Bayesian classifier enables regular house checks on a regular and economical basis.
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Hu, Zhilong, Kangyao Deng, Yi Cui, Xinxin Yang, and Baochuan Zhang. "Steady-state and transient control strategies for a two-stage turbocharged diesel engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 9 (2017): 1167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017727442.
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Two-stage turbocharging technology is widely used to achieve higher engine power density and lower exhaust emissions. To solve a series of contradictions in matching, a regulated two-stage (RTS) turbocharging system is applied to reasonably control boost pressure. This paper investigated steady-state and transient control strategies for an RTS turbocharging system to achieve optimum fuel economy in steady-state conditions and better performance in transient conditions. The economic control strategies for steady-state operational conditions were based on an economic regulation law, which was established by a steady-state test of an engine with an RTS turbocharging system under all operating conditions. To optimize the transient performance, open-loop and closed-loop control systems (the latter with dynamic judgement) for the RTS system were designed and validated with experiments on a heavy-duty diesel engine. The experimental results demonstrated that the open-loop control strategy and the closed-loop strategy with dynamic judgement could improve the transient response performance. The optimum transient response performance was achieved by the closed-loop control system with dynamic judgement. Additionally, the combination of steady-state and transient control strategies could achieve the best fuel economy in steady-state conditions and good transient response performances.
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Luwel, Koen, Lieven Verschaffel, Patrick Onghena, and Erik De Corte. "Children’s Strategies for Numerosity Judgement in Square Grids of Different Sizes." Psychologica Belgica 40, no. 3 (2000): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pb.962.
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Van Graan, Anna C., Martha J. S. Williams, and Magdalena P. Koen. "Clinical judgement within the South African clinical nursing environment: A concept analysis." Health SA Gesondheid 21 (October 11, 2016): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v21i0.932.
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Reform in the South African healthcare and educational system were characterized by the ideals that the country needs to produce independent, critical thinkers. Nurses need to cope with diversity in a more creative way, defining their role in a complex, uncertain, rapidly changing health care environment. Quality clinical judgement is therefore imperative as an identified characteristic of newly qualified professional nurses. The objective of this study was to explore and describe clinical judgement through various data sources and review of literature to clarify the meaning and promote a common understanding through formulating the characteristics and developing a connotative (theoretical) definition of the concept. An explorative, descriptive qualitative design was used to discover the complexity and meaning of the phenomenon. Multiple data sources and search strategies were used, for the time frame 1982—2013. A concept analysis was used to arrive at a theoretical definition of the concept of ‘clinical judgement’ as a complex cognitive skill to evaluate patient needs, adaption of current treatment protocols as well as new treatment strategies, prevention of adverse side effects through being proactive rather than reactive within the clinical nursing environment. The findings emphasized clinical judgement as skill within the clinical nursing environment, thereby improving autonomous and accountable nursing care. These findings will assist nurse leaders and clinical nurse educators in developing a teaching-learning strategy to promote clinical judgement in undergraduate nursing students, thereby contributing to the quality of nursing care.
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Pentzek, Michael, Michael Wagner, Heinz-Harald Abholz, et al. "The value of the GP’s clinical judgement in predicting dementia: a multicentre prospective cohort study among patients in general practice." British Journal of General Practice 69, no. 688 (2019): e786-e793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19x706037.
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BackgroundClinical judgement is intrinsic to diagnostic strategies in general practice; however, empirical evidence for its validity is sparse.AimTo ascertain whether a GP’s global clinical judgement of future cognitive status has an added value for predicting a patient’s likelihood of experiencing dementia.Design and settingMulticentre prospective cohort study among patients in German general practice that took place from January 2003 to October 2016.MethodPatients without baseline dementia were assessed with neuropsychological interviews over 12 years; 138 GPs rated the future cognitive decline of their participating patients. Associations of baseline predictors with follow-up incident dementia were analysed with mixed-effects logistic and Cox regression.ResultsA total of 3201 patients were analysed over the study period (mean age = 79.6 years, 65.3% females, 6.7% incident dementia in 3 years, 22.1% incident dementia in 12 years). Descriptive analyses and comparison with other cohorts identified the participants as having frequent and long-lasting doctor–patient relationships and being well known to their GPs. The GP baseline rating of future cognitive decline had significant value for 3-year dementia prediction, independent of cognitive test scores and patient’s memory complaints (GP ratings of very mild (odds ratio [OR] 1.97, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] = 1.28 to 3.04); mild (OR 3.00, 95% CI = 1.90 to 4.76); and moderate/severe decline (OR 5.66, 95% CI = 3.29 to 9.73)). GPs’ baseline judgements were significantly associated with patients’ 12-year dementia-free survival rates (Mantel–Cox log rank test P<0.001).ConclusionIn this sample of patients in familiar doctor–patient relationships, the GP’s clinical judgement holds additional value for predicting dementia, complementing test performance and patients’ self-reports. Existing and emerging primary care-based dementia risk models should consider the GP’s judgement as one predictor. Results underline the importance of the GP-patient relationship.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Judgement strategies"
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Beckwith, Jo Ann E. "Judgement strategies in determining risk acceptability." Thesis, Curtin University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1125.
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Most risk perception research has focused on how people view the riskiness or acceptability of particular hazards. Less attention has been paid to how people determine whether or not the decisions taken by other parties (e.g., politicians, government agencies, industry, etc.) to address risk issues are acceptable decisions.After examining the structure of risk perception and acceptability, this study researched the judgement strategies which individuals employ when assessing the acceptability or unacceptability of risk related decisions. It also investigated whether or not individuals directly affected by risk related decisions utilise similar judgement strategies to those of individuals not directly affected by the same decisions. This provided insights as to the reasons why local communities often reject risk related decisions that others in the broader community consider acceptable.Questionnaire data were collected relating to a number of risk scenarios based on real world issues and decisions. The survey included Curtin University students, residents of a Perth suburb, and members of a resident action group involved in a local risk issue at the time of the study.Unlike previous studies of heterogeneous hazard sets, exploratory factor analyses of 8 hazard domains did not reveal a global factor structure that could represent the construct 'risk'. Instead, each of the hazard domains revealed a qualitatively different factor structure, highlighting the context specific nature of risk.Through the use of correlation, linear regression, and path analysis the relationship between perceived riskiness, risk acceptability and other risk attributes or characteristics was explored. These analyses revealed that a relationship between perceived risk and risk acceptability exists to varying but significant degrees across different types of hazards. For a specific risk item, only a limited number of characteristics appear to significantly influence perceived risk or acceptability with some characteristics influencing both.Respondents used a ranking and weighting procedure to indicate the relative importance of the various qualitative characteristics in determining the acceptability of risk related decisions. This analysis revealed that people utilise both the characteristics of a risk issue as well as aspects of the decision itself when assessing the acceptability of risk related decisions. The study suggests that individuals who are not directly affected by specific decision employ simple judgement strategies not that dissimilar to those of the risk experts. This contrasts with directly affected individuals who appear to employ additional considerations, such as the trust worthiness of the decision makers, when assessing the acceptability of decisions.The thesis identifies a number of areas of future research, such as the role of hazard prototypes, and explores the implications of the study's findings for future risk communication efforts.
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Beckwith, Jo Ann E. "Judgement strategies in determining risk acceptability." Curtin University of Technology, School of Psychology, 1996. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11531.
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Most risk perception research has focused on how people view the riskiness or acceptability of particular hazards. Less attention has been paid to how people determine whether or not the decisions taken by other parties (e.g., politicians, government agencies, industry, etc.) to address risk issues are acceptable decisions.After examining the structure of risk perception and acceptability, this study researched the judgement strategies which individuals employ when assessing the acceptability or unacceptability of risk related decisions. It also investigated whether or not individuals directly affected by risk related decisions utilise similar judgement strategies to those of individuals not directly affected by the same decisions. This provided insights as to the reasons why local communities often reject risk related decisions that others in the broader community consider acceptable.Questionnaire data were collected relating to a number of risk scenarios based on real world issues and decisions. The survey included Curtin University students, residents of a Perth suburb, and members of a resident action group involved in a local risk issue at the time of the study.Unlike previous studies of heterogeneous hazard sets, exploratory factor analyses of 8 hazard domains did not reveal a global factor structure that could represent the construct 'risk'. Instead, each of the hazard domains revealed a qualitatively different factor structure, highlighting the context specific nature of risk.Through the use of correlation, linear regression, and path analysis the relationship between perceived riskiness, risk acceptability and other risk attributes or characteristics was explored. These analyses revealed that a relationship between perceived risk and risk acceptability exists to varying but significant degrees across different types of hazards. For a specific risk item, only ++<br>a limited number of characteristics appear to significantly influence perceived risk or acceptability with some characteristics influencing both.Respondents used a ranking and weighting procedure to indicate the relative importance of the various qualitative characteristics in determining the acceptability of risk related decisions. This analysis revealed that people utilise both the characteristics of a risk issue as well as aspects of the decision itself when assessing the acceptability of risk related decisions. The study suggests that individuals who are not directly affected by specific decision employ simple judgement strategies not that dissimilar to those of the risk experts. This contrasts with directly affected individuals who appear to employ additional considerations, such as the trust worthiness of the decision makers, when assessing the acceptability of decisions.The thesis identifies a number of areas of future research, such as the role of hazard prototypes, and explores the implications of the study's findings for future risk communication efforts.
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De, Villiers Anton. "Identifying the generic competencies of Rugby Union referees." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09132004-152349.
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Tsai, Ming-Wen, and 蔡敏文. "The Study of Control Assessement for the Mechanism of Planned Participatory Judgement , and Strategies---------A case of yen-ye Award." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d8rah2.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>高階經營碩士班<br>95<br>ABSTRACT
The effect of the urban landscape development influenced by the urban architecture movement through the means of participation during the evaluation process of the Yuan-Ye Building Landscape Award, sponsored by the Kaohsiung Judicious Creative Architecture Association is presented. The optimum resolutions of the public issues and policies through applying the mechanism of the participation of the public during the judging process have made the Award distinct from the others.
In the process, the Award has implemented the following steps to accomplish the objectives: applying the resource control from top down with a communication channel from bottom up, creating a new type of workgroup among the sponsors, professionals, and the public through participation of working with and learning from each other, forming of informal team to reduce miscommunications between the fields, conducting community meetings and revising questionnaire to modify participation strategy to seek urban space issues and to set the judging criteria, and, finally, offering realistic solutions to resolve the actual urban space issues.
To act on a theory as a study method, the Award, through the participants’ comments of different roles to the situations and environments in the evaluation process while maintaining a comprehensive recordation, has developed a model of execution with suggested steps. In the process of action, with the complexity of the model and the growing number of participants and societies, the scale and the influenced range expanded gradually. In order to clear the situations, the report divided the system into two stages, the development stage and the fulfillment stage. Each stage has different steps with different events. The events such as the milestone of the event, the cooperation of the government, the reaction of the professionals and the expected result, all will interact on each other causing different effects to the whole operation. The feedback of the action can be extended to analysis the mechanism and interact of the model. The suggestion of improvement can be supplied to provide helpful information for the future reference.
Key words：Architecture、Yuan-Ye Award 、Urban landscape development、Participation.
Books on the topic "Judgement strategies"
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Garofalo, Giuseppe, ed. Capitalismo distrettuale, localismi d'impresa, globalizzazione. Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-605-1.
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From the late Sixties on, industrial development in Italy evolved through the spread of small and medium sized firms, aggregated in district networks, with an elevated propensity to enterprise and the marked presence of owner-families. Installed within the local systems, the industrial districts tended to simulate large-scale industry exploiting lower costs generated by factors that were not only economic. The districts are characterised in terms of territorial location (above all the thriving areas of the North-east and Centre) and sector, since they are concentrated in the "4 As" (clothing-fashion, home-decor, agri-foodstuffs, automation-mechanics), with some overlapping with "Made in Italy". How can this model be assessed? This is the crucial question in the debate on the condition and prospects of the Italian productive system between the supporters of its capacity to adapt and the critics of economic dwarfism. A dispassionate judgement suggests that the prospects of "small is beautiful" have been superseded, but that the "declinist" view, that sees only the dangers of globalisation and the IT revolution for our SMEs is risky. The concept of irreversible crisis that prevails at present is limiting, both because it is not easy either to "invent", or to copy, a model of industrialisation, and because there is space for a strategic repositioning of the district enterprises. The book develops considerations in this direction, showing how an evolution of the district model is possible, focusing on: gains in productivity, scope economies (through diversification and expansion of the range of products), flexibility of organisation, capacity to meld tradition and innovation aiming at product quality, dimensional growth of the enterprises, new forms of financing, active presence on the international markets and valorisation of the resources of the territory. It is hence necessary to reactivate the behavioural functions of the entrepreneurs.
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Nisbett, Richard, and Lee Ross. Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgement. Prentice Hall, 1985.
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Nisbett, Richard, and Lee Ross. Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgement. Prentice Hall, 1985.
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Cognitive strategies in judgment: The effect of purpose, cue dimensionality, and cognitive complexity on student evaluation of instructors. 1987.
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Khosla, Shivun, Ranjna Garg, and Rohan Agarwal. Ultimate FPAS SJT Guide: 300 Practice Questions, Expert Advice, and Score Boosting Strategies for the NS Foundation Programme Situational Judgement Test. RAR Medical Services, 2021.
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The Environmental activists' handbook: Environmental Act, important judgements, strategies. Asha Kendra Documentation Centre, 1986.
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Bion, Julian, and Anna Dennis. ICU admission and discharge criteria. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0020.
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The decision to admit patients to intensive care or discharge them, is a daily task for intensivists, a life-changing event for patients and families, and a major strategic issue for health care systems worldwide. Decisions must often be made rapidly, in conditions of uncertainty, involving substituted judgements about relative risks and benefits, framed by sociocultural factors that are not well characterized. The outcomes are strongly influenced by available resources, staffing, and skills throughout the patient pathway. The decision to admit should be based on the severity of illness, chronic health and physiological reserve, and therapeutic susceptibility, informed by the patient’s wishes. Discharge decisions are equally complex and involve balancing the needs of individual patients against those of society. Scoring systems and guidelines can aid decision making. The process involves collaboration between intensivist, referring team, patient, and family. The provision of futile care is usually driven by family expectations and lack of agreement among the treating team. Discussions involve value judgements. Effective admission and discharge processes will minimize avoidable morbidity, mortality, and readmissions, and maximize family and patient satisfaction, and cost-efficacy. However, reaching the most effective level of practice involves balances and compromises. Experienced clinical judgement remains a key element in defining suitability of individual patients for ICU admission and discharge.
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Dryden, Matthew. Near-patient testing, infection biomarkers, and rapid diagnostics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758792.003.0017.
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Treating patients with targeted antimicrobial therapy is the gold standard of care. However, empiric antimicrobial guidelines are in operation for many patients in primary or secondary care with infection. These guidelines are based on previous surveillance data and/or national recommendations, but the decision to start treatment and the choice of antimicrobial is a best-guess approach, based on clinical judgement. Microbiology laboratory results help guide and target therapies, but in general they take about 1 to 2 days to be available due to the processes involved in culturing organisms. Improvement in speed of diagnosis is the focus of research, particularly around molecular diagnostics. Near-patient testing and the use of biomarkers has been discussed as a way to tackle this issue. This chapter also considers the alternatives and future strategies that could be deployed to improve the targeted therapy of antimicrobials.
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Pollock, Linda. The Affective Life in Shakespearean England. Edited by Malcolm Smuts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660841.013.25.
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Critiquing the amount of scholarly attention paid to the body and to intense, overwhelming feelings, this chapter examines how individuals, mainly the landed ranks, experienced and dealt with affect in daily life and relationships. While scholarship emphasizes suppression and disapproval of passion, this chapter views the management of affect as not only the repression of feelings but also as the encouragement and elicitation of them. It examines the available coping strategies for dealing with strong feelings such as anger or grief. It stresses the interconnections between affect and morality. Affect, judgment and conduct constituted a dynamic interchange in Shakespearean England. Feelings involve judgement and evaluation and are intimately connected to thoughts, norms, and culture. Finally, it points to the importance of the performative nature of affect in this period, concluding that culturally mandated or sanctioned emotions were not necessarily less authentic than spontaneous feelings.
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Bauder, Harald. Labor Movement. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195180879.001.0001.
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Throughout the industrialized world, international migrants serve as nannies, construction workers, gardeners and small-business entrepreneurs. Labor Movement suggests that the international migration of workers is necessary for the survival of industrialized economies. The book thus turns the conventional view of international migration on its head: it investigates how migration regulates labor markets, rather than labor markets shaping migration flows. Assuming a critical view of orthodox economic theory, the book illustrates how different legal, social and cultural strategies towards international migrants are deployed and coordinated within the wider neo-liberal project to render migrants and immigrants vulnerable, pushing them into performing distinct economic roles and into subordinate labor market situations. Drawing on social theories associated with Pierre Bourdieu and other prominent thinkers, Labor Movement suggests that migration regulates labor markets through processes of social distinction, cultural judgement and the strategic deployment of citizenship. European and North American case studies illustrate how the labor of international migrants is systematically devalued and how popular discourse legitimates the demotion of migrants to subordinate labor. Engaging with various immigrant groups in different cities, including South Asian immigrants in Vancouver, foreigners and Spätaussiedler in Berlin, and Mexican and Caribbean offshore workers in rural Ontario, the studies seek to unravel the complex web of regulatory labor market processes related to international migration. Recognizing and understanding these processes, Bauder argues, is an important step towards building effective activist strategies and for envisioning new roles for migrating workers and people. The book is a valuable resource to researchers and students in economics, ethnic and migration studies, geography, sociology, political science, and to frontline activists in Europe, North America and beyond.
Book chapters on the topic "Judgement strategies"
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Thompson, Darrall G., and Romy Lawson. "Strategies for fostering the development of evaluative judgement." In Developing Evaluative Judgement in Higher Education. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315109251-15.
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Ma, Huiye, and Ho-fung Leung. "Enhancing Bidding Strategies in CDAs by Adaptive Judgement of Price Acceptability." In Multi-Agent Systems for Society. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03339-1_30.
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Lusk, Sean, and Nick Birks. "Imagination, Curiosity and Strategic Judgement." In Rethinking Public Strategy. Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-37758-6_8.
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Cheng, Mandy Man-sum. "Strategic Performance Measurement Systems and Managerial Judgements." In Best Practices in Management Accounting. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230361553_11.
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Cassese, Sabino. "Recollections of a Judge." In Remedies against Immunity? Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62304-6_20.
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AbstractAs a former justice of the Italian Constitutional Court serving at the time of Sentenza 238/2014, this chapter illustrates my major concerns towards this Judgement. I outline several reasons for a possible ‘dissent’ (procedural, factual, constitutional, theoretical and strategic). With ex post remarks, the chapter elaborates some additional thoughts on the unnecessary opposition between national and international law and on certain Italian ambiguities towards its past.
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Bletsas, Marina. "The voices of justice. Argumentative polyphony and strategic manoeuvring in judgement motivations." In Scrutinizing Argumentation in Practice. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aic.9.05ble.
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Daneshkhah, Alireza, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Tabassom Sedighi, and Maryam Farsi. "Prior Elicitation and Evaluation of Imprecise Judgements for Bayesian Analysis of System Reliability." In Strategic Engineering for Cloud Computing and Big Data Analytics. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52491-7_4.
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Yewlett, Christopher J. L. "Interorganizational Analysis: A Field for Social Praxis Based on Social Structure, or Strategic Choice and Reticulist Judgements?" In Policy Implementation in Federal and Unitary Systems. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5089-4_16.
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Richter, Marlise, and Kholi Buthelezi. "Stigma, Denial of Health Services, and Other Human Rights Violations Faced by Sex Workers in Africa: “My Eyes Were Full of Tears Throughout Walking Towards the Clinic that I Was Referred to”." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_8.
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AbstractAn ethical and forward-looking health sector response to sex work aims to create a safe, effective, and non-judgemental space that attracts sex workers to its services. Yet, the clinical setting is often the site of human rights violations and many sex workers experience ill-treatment and abuse by healthcare providers. Research with male, female, and transgender sex workers in various African countries has documented a range of problems with healthcare provision in these settings, including: poor treatment, stigmatisation, and discrimination by healthcare workers; having to pay bribes to obtain services or treatment; being humiliated by healthcare workers; and, the breaching of confidentiality. These experiences are echoed by sex workers globally. Sex workers’ negative experiences with healthcare services result in illness and death and within the context of the AIDS epidemic act as a powerful barrier to effective HIV and STI prevention, care, and support. Conversely positive interactions with healthcare providers and health services empower sex workers, affirm sex worker dignity and agency, and support improved health outcomes and well-being. This chapter aims to explore the experiences of sex workers with healthcare systems in Africa as documented in the literature. Findings describe how negative healthcare workers’ attitudes and sexual moralism have compounded the stigma that sex workers face within communities and have led to poor health outcomes, particularly in relation to HIV and sexual and reproductive health. Key recommendations for policy and practice include implementation of comprehensive, rights-affirming health programmes designed in partnership with sex workers. These should be in tandem with structural interventions that shift away from outdated criminalized legal frameworks and implement violence prevention strategies, psycho-social support services, sex worker empowerment initiatives, and peer-led programmes.
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"Comparative judgement: No More Marking." In 50 Ways to Use Technology Enhanced Learning in the Classroom: Practical strategies for teaching. Learning Matters, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529793550.n9.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Judgement strategies"
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Cambié, Viola, and Carlotta Zanoli. "[E]motive Architecture: strategies for a behaviour-driven Space configuration." In International Conference on the 4th Game Set and Match (GSM4Q-2019). Qatar University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/gsm4q.2019.0011.
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As Architect and Engineer, we used to work with the concept of Space. Struggling to find an exhaustive definition, we risk thinking about it as a framework with the same properties of the object we are going to design. Looking at the Space as an abstract background of the objects that we are going to place in it, we risk to not understand how it plays a cultural and social role in human affairs. The configurations of people can be influenced by, or influence, a configuration of space: therefore, the apparent effect of Architecture on social outcomes seems to pass through the relation of spatial layouts. Movement is by far the dominant form of space use and, following this logic, we can argue how spatial configuration can influence the pattern of movement in space. Generative design processes can be used to define the properties for a space layout that better stimulate a sense of well-being through human behavior monitoring. The potential role of generative design processes finds its maximum expression wherever a certain problem's parameters and interactions bring a level of complexity, much greater than that could be handled by human cognitive processes alone. Generative design integrates artificial intelligence by using search algorithms to achieve high-performing results. However, the emphasis on the 'automated design procedures' should not overshadow the central role of the designer's intellectual capacity, essential for the critical judgement towards the employment of algorithms, the selection of input data parameters as well as the criteria of evaluation. Architects and planners now have the chance to calibrate their designs looking at human comfort and social interaction.
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Kodiyalam, Srinivas, R. J. Yang, Lei Gu, and Cheng-Ho Tho. "Large-Scale, Multidisciplinary Optimization of a Vehicle System in a Scalable, High Performance Computing Environment." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21082.
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Abstract The focus of this paper is on large-scale MDO of a vehicle system for Safety, NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) and Weight, in a scalable HPC environment. The computational complexity comes from addressing multiple safety modes including, frontal crash, offset crash, side impact and roof crush, in addition to the NVH discipline. A combination of high performance computing utilizing several hundred processors, Kriging metamodeling based design response approximation techniques, formal MDO strategies, and engineering judgement are effectively used to obtain superior design solutions with significantly reduced elapsed computing times. The reduction in large-scale MDO solution times through HPC is significant in that it now makes it possible for such technologies to impact the vehicle design cycle and improve the engineering productivity.
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Sen, Millan, Sherif Hassanien, Yves Cormier, and Smitha Koduru. "Methodologies for Establishing the Probability of Pipeline Failure at Slope Crossings." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78352.
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Pipelines in transmission pipeline networks often traverse land slopes along the right-of-way; especially near water crossings. While the vast majority of these slopes are stable, some might have a potential for instability related movements. Accordingly, pipelines subjected to these movements are susceptible to strain overload which may cause loss of containment in terms of buckling and/or tensile elongation failure modes. In order to analyze the risk of failure of pipelines due to slope movement it is beneficial to establish probabilistic approaches that can predict the likelihood of failure at each site given both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Estimation of such likelihood would support prioritization of integrity mitigation actions and confirm pipelines’ safety. There is a gap in pipeline literature in terms of available probabilistic approaches to analyze, assess, and manage such an integrity threat. Two probabilistic approaches are presented herein; a qualitative ranking analysis of slope hazards (QuRASH) and a semi-quantitative analysis of slope hazards (SQuASH). QuRASH is a qualitative approach that adopts site scores based on available slope characteristics, historical movements, expert opinion, and mitigation strategies. SQuASH is a reliability-based explicit limit state approach. Both approaches were applied to a large simulated sample of slope crossings that exhibit characteristics representative of North America transmission pipeline slope crossings. The resulting probabilities of failures were directly compared to those predicted based on expert judgement. The high ranked sites compared favorably with those evaluated by experts to exhibit elevated threats. This successful comparison provides a certain level of confidence in the proposed approaches.
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Laramie, Olivia, Alexander Colby, Hailey Pensky, Samantha Doonan, and Julie Johnson. "Responsible Vendor Training as a Macro-Level Prevention Tool– A Case Study of the Massachusetts Cannabis Industry." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.19.
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As of March 2022, adult-use cannabis is legal in 18 states and medical-use is legal for certain patients in 37 states. Unlike the illicit market(s), legal market(s) present new opportunities to embed public health strategies in varying levels of policy and regulation, such as Public Awareness Campaigns or Responsible Vendor Training (RVT). Using the Social Ecological Model (SEM) as a guiding framework, we conceptualize state-implemented public health strategies as operating at the macro-level through public policy or regulations, and interacting within and across varying social environments to impact individual behaviors. Macro-level prevention and intervention tools that aim to reduce and prevent adverse cannabis outcomes, such as developing cannabis use disorder and cannabis impaired driving, are imperative to more safely implement cannabis legalization. RVT programs are an under-studied, yet critical macro- level intervention, in many new cannabis industries that sell varying cannabis products with both known and unknown effects on the human body. RVT programs, operated by varying education providers and curriculums, are trainings provided to cannabis industry employees (“agents”) involved in the handling and sale of cannabis. Training may include, but is not limited to, learning the law and regulations, identifying fake identification cards (IDs), health effects of cannabis, and other public health and safety practices. At the implementation level, RVT training may affect individual change by shaping industry employees’ perceptions of their role in order to better support public health, clarifying the latest research on health effects, and roleplaying judgement-free strategies to provide public health education. Currently, 31 states have RVT programs, however, Massachusetts is currently the only state with both legalized adult-use and medical markets that mandates an RVT program by regulation [935 CMR 500 and 935 CMR 501]. As of February 2022, Massachusetts certified 22 RVT program vendors and trained 10,142 out of 23,772 (42.7%) agents in the medical and adult-use workforce. RVT programs have the potential to counteract potential unsafe cannabis use behaviors following cannabis legalization implementation. However, the effectiveness of RVT programs is largely unknown. Guided by the SEM, this presentation will take a holistic view of the overlapping social environments surrounding an individual, to assess the potential of RVT programs operating at the macro-level to interact across social levels, including meso- and individual-levels, in order to prevent adverse outcomes (Bronfenbrenner, 1977). This presentation provides a theoretical model and potential quantifiable metrics of study for researchers to better assess RVT program effectiveness. To reduce potential health and safety risks of cannabis legalization, policymakers and regulators can embed varying public health strategies in legal cannabis markets, including RVT programs. It is imperative that research assist policymakers and regulators to assess the effectiveness of current RVT programs to ensure RVT program(s) have the intended public health outcomes, in order to facilitate evidence-based cannabis policy in these new and emerging cannabis markets.
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Muñoz, David. "New strategies in proprioception’s analysis for newer theories about sensorimotor control." In Systems & Design 2017. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/sd2017.2017.6903.
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Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. Finally , the study tries to integrate graphic tools to make easy to understand final scientific results which allow us to explore the brain activity of the subjects through easy interfaces (e.g. space-time events, activity intensity, connectivity, specific neural netwoks or anormal activity). In the future, this application could be a complement to assist doctors, researchers, sports center specialists and anyone who must improve the health and movements of handicapped persons. Keywords: proprioception, EEG, assesment, rehabilitation.References: Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. ManualTher.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008. Röijezon, U., Clark, N.C., Treleaven, J. (2015). Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 2: Clinical assessment and intervention. Manual Ther.10.1016/j.math.2015.01.009. Roren, A., Mayoux-Benhamou, M.A., Fayad, F., Poiraudeau, S., Lantz, D., Revel, M. (2008). Comparison of visual and ultrasound based techniques to measure head repositioning in healthy and neck-pain subjects. Manual Ther. 10.1016/j.math.2008.03.002. Hillier, S., Immink, M., Thewlis, D. (2015). Assessing Proprioception: A Systematic Review of Possibilities. Neurorehab. Neural Repair. 29(10) 933–949. Hooper, T.L., James, C.R., Brismée, J.M., Rogers, T.J., Gilbert, K.K., Browne, K.L, Sizer, P.S. (2016). Dynamic Balance as Measured by the Y-Balance Test Is Reduced in Individuals with low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study. Phys. Ther. Sport,10.1016/j.ptsp.2016.04.006. Zemková, G., Stefániková, G., Muyor, J.M. (2016). Load release balance test under unstable conditions effectivelydiscriminates between physically active and sedentary young adults. Glave, A.P., Didier, J.J., Weatherwax, J., Browning, S.J., Fiaud, Vanessa. (2014). Testing Postural Stability: Are the Star Excursion Balance Test and Biodex Balance System Limits of Stability Tests Consistent? Gait Posture. 43(2016) 225-227. Han, Jian., Waddington, G., Adams, R., Anson, J., Liu, Y. (2014). Assessing proprioception: A critical review of methods. J. Sport Health Sci.10.1016/j.jshs.2014.10.004. Hosp, S., Bottoni, G., Heinrich, D., Kofler, P., Hasler, M., Nachbauer, W. (2014). A pilot study of the effect of Kinesiology tape on knee proprioception after physical activity in healthy women. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 18 (2015) 709-713. Mima, T., Terada, K., Ikeda, A., Fukuyama, H., Takigawa, T., Kimura, J., Shibasaki, H. (1996). Afferent mechanism of cortical myoclonus studied by proprioception-related SEPs. Clin. Neurophysiol. 104 (1997) 51-59. Myers, J.B., Lephart, S.M. (2000). The Role of the Sensorimotor System in the Athletic Shoulder. J. Athl.Training.35 (3) 351-363. Rossi, S., della Volpe, R., Ginannesch, F., Ulivelli, M., Bartalini, S., Spidalieri, R., Rossi, A. (2003). Early somatosensory processing during tonic muscle pain in humans: relation to loss of proprioception and motor 'defensive' strategies. Clin. Neurophysiol. 10.1016/S1388-2457(03)00073-7. Chaudhary, U., Birbaumer, N., Curado, M.R. (2014). Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) in paralysis. Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med.10.1016/j.rehab.2014.11.002. Delorme, A., Makeig, S. (2003). EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009. Morup, M., Hansen, L.K., Arnfred, S.M. (2006). ERPWAVELAB: A toolbox for multi-channel analysis of time-frequency transformed event related potentials. J. Neurosci. Meth.10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.11.008. Kaminski, M., Blinowska, K., Szelenberger, W. (1996). Topographic analysis of coherence and propagation of EEG activity during sleep and wakefulness. Clin. 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Koessler, L., Maillard, L., Benhadid, A., Vignal, J.P., Felblinger, J., Vespignani, H., Braun, M. (2009). Automated cortical projection of EEG: Anatomical correlation via the international 10-10 system. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.006. Jurcak, V., Tsuzuki, Daisuke., Dan, I. (2007). 10/20, 10/10, and 10/5 systems revisited: Their validity as relativehead-surface-based positioning systems. Neuroimage. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.09.024. Chuang, L.Y., Huang, C.J., Hung, T.M. (2013). The differences in frontal midline theta power between successful and unsuccessful basketball free throws of elite basketball players. Int. J. Psychophysiology.10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.10.002. Wang, C.H., Tsai, C.L., Tu, K.C., Muggleton, N.G., Juan, C.H., Liang, W.K. (2014). Modulation of brain oscillations during fundamental visuo-spatialprocessing: A comparison between female collegiate badmintonplayers and sedentary controls. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.003. Proverbio, A.L., Crotti, N., Manfredi, Mirella., Adomi, R., Zani, A. (2012). Who needs a referee? How incorrect basketball actions are automatically detected by basketball players’ brain. Sci Rep-UK. 10.1038/srep00883. Cheng, M.Y., Hung, C.L., Huang, C.J., Chang, Y.K., Lo, L.C., Shen, C., Hung, T.M. (2015). Expert-novice differences in SMR activity during dart throwing. Biol. Psychol.10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.08.003. Ring, C., Cooke, A., Kavussanu, M., McIntyre, D., Masters, R. (2014). Investigating the efficacy of neurofeedback training for expeditingexpertise and excellence in sport. Psychol. SportExerc. 10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.08.005. Park, J.L., Fairweather, M.M., Donaldson, D.I. (2015). Making the case for mobile cognition: EEG and sports performance. Neurosci. Biobehav. R. 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.02.014. Babiloni, C., Marzano, N., Infarinato, F., Iacoboni, M., Rizza, G. (2009). Neural efficency of experts’ brain during judgement of actions: A high -resolution EEG study in elite and amateur karate athletes. Behav. Brain. Res. 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.10.034. Jain, S., Gourab, K., Schindler-Ivens, S., Schmit, B.D. (2012). EEG during peddling: Evidence for cortical control of locomotor tasks. Clin. Neurophysiol.10.1016/j.clinph.2012.08.021. Behmer Jr., L.P., Fournier, L.R. (2013). Working memory modulates neural efficiency over motor components during a novel action planning task: An EEG study. Behav. Brain. Res. 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.11.031.
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Krebs, Alastair E. "Pipeline Maintenance Management: A Crucial Tool to Improve Safety and Efficiency." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27344.
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For any pipeline company to be successful and be seen as a respected global citizen, the impact of its operation on health, safety and the environment must be minimal and its productivity must be optimized at the lowest possible costs. In order to accomplish this an integrated maintenance management process must align to the business needs without impact on safety and the environment. This process must create an environment where by maintenance events are measured to determine their impact on the safety, environmental, and business goals. As a result the maintenance strategy is adapted to maximize the safety, environmental and business performance. An integrated maintenance management process will enhance the revenue earning capability of the business and not be a burden on it. To make the difference, a step change in thinking is required. For example: • Reducing maintenance activity whilst improving performance. • Establishing a benchmark performance model for the pipeline asset. • Maintenance must be seen as a dynamic process continually striving to improve performance. • Maintenance as a tool to identify and reduce health, safety, environmental and business risks to a level as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). • Maintenance as a contributing factor to an increase in revenue earning capability through an increase in efficiency, as opposed to maintenance seen purely as a cost burden. • Maintenance management as a structured tool to reduce inventory and lifecycle costs, instead of subjective judgement. • Maintenance management as a tool to capture and protect corporate maintenance and operational knowledge, versus the costly process of reinventing the wheel over and over again by repetitive unwanted events. This way of thinking requires vision and commitment of the upper (corporate) management level as the maintenance and operational departments can never reach this goal individually. Subsequently, it requires total commitment of all departments and a proactive approach towards integrated asset management. Maintaining multi-million dollar pipeline assets is not an easy task and the costs involved are enormous. This paper describes an adaptive approach for an Integrated Maintenance Management System where the maintenance strategies are directed to where they will most benefit the safety, environmental and business goals of the asset.
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Puente Ferreras, Aníbal, and Juan Felipe Calderón Maureira. "THE 'FOCUS GROUP': A TOOL TO TRAIN METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES AND CALIBRATE JUDGEMENTS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH." In 12th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2020.2181.
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Hu¨ffmeier, Johannes, Bjo¨rn Forsman, Jim Sandkvist, and Johan Rafstedt. "Decision Support for Offshore Operations in Remote Arctic Areas TOSC: An Optimization Toolbox Based on Bayesian Networks." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79791.
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SSPA Sweden AB has developed a decision support tool for Arctic offshore operations in close cooperation with the ship owner Transatlantic. With their icebreaking offshore supply vessels, Transatlantic has experience in both offshore operations and ice breaking for the Swedish Maritime Administration, which gives them a unique competence for Arctic offshore tasks. Founded on these experiences SSPA has created a toolbox based on Bayesian networks to provide the decision maker with the required competence to plan, dimension and organise offshore operations. The demands on the model given by Transatlantic for this tool were to include an accurate planning possibility, it should be handy and flexible, successively extendable, based scientifically and it should reflect the operators experience and even experience transfer. The developed tool is based on so called Bayesian Networks. With the help of the graphical directed arrows it is possible to describe complex links and relations between: - specific customer demands and service needs, - supply tasks, icebreaking management, anchor handling, towing, etc., - local external environmental conditions, ice, weather, - surrounding infrastructure, base harbours, transports, - external requirements, national rules, permissions, classification requirements, - possible abnormalities, undesired events, danger of accident, - emergency preparedness, redundant resources, - resources, vessels in use, land-based resources, helicopters, etc. By combining risk analysis methodology, statistics and expert judgements the tool belays and incorporates high safety, cost-benefit, well-reasoned strategies, alternative plans of action and purposive solutions.
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Madushanka, T. H., and K. A. T. O. Ranadewa. "Challenges for last planner system implementation; Sri Lankan construction industry perspective." In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.22.
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In a rapidly moving world, it is imperative to adopt the latest tools and techniques for the Sri Lankan construction industry to survive in the global market. The Last Planner System (LPS) is one such tool that sets out a proper communication medium and regulates the workflow throughout the construction by individual phase monitoring and remedying the process. Yet, the implementation of LPS is still in the infancy stage in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the potential challenges of implementing LPS within the Sri Lankan construction industry. Nine industry experts were identified by judgemental sampling, and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data related to the research under the qualitative approach. Content analysis was used to analyse the data using NVIVO. The research identified 42 challenges pertaining to five LPS stages for the Sri Lankan construction industry. Further, the Master planning and Phase planning stages are crucial as it has many challenges during the implementation compared to other stages. It is recommended to identify the specific challenges concerning each firm’s infrastructure for successful LPS implementation in the Sri Lankan construction industry. This research uncovers further areas to identify the strategies to minimize the identified LPS implementation challenges.
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Srivastava, Manish, Abeer Al Ali, Govindavilas Sudhesh, Majed Ahmed Alkarbi, Mohamed Saleh Ali, and Hassan Ali Al Hammadi. "Optimized Inspection and Integrity Assessment of Well Conductors for Life Extension Strategic Planning." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208019-ms.
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Abstract Assuring integrity of offshore well Conductor is one of the challenges in the aged giant offshore fields operating with 1500+ wells. Such fields should have a robust and efficient integrity management system for inspection and assessment of well conductors through the well life cycle. Offshore well Conductors form the secondary load-bearing element in a well, primary being the surface casing. A practical approach in assessing the structural integrity of the well conductor is proposed in this paper. Wells were classifying into five subgroups; optimized Inspection and Integrity Assessment methods used to establish the structural integrity of conductors; which were evaluated and validated by a 3rd part consultant. The assessment results indicate how over-conservative assumptions in engineering assessment may mislead operators to categorize wells into higher risk. Assessment was performed utilizing various modeling software. Reliability based approach was adopted to accommodate uncertainties in data utilizing appropriate engineering judgement to tackle data gaps. Average thickness measured at discrete elevations was compared with the calculated minimum required thickness (MRT) to assess the structural integrity status of conductors. This approach helped in the decision making and planning for risk mitigation repairs. The results of optimized inspection techniques and structural assessment methodology lead to establishment of clear pattern for critical well conductors and applied to the groups to decide on maintenance strategy. The conductor wall thickness data measured from automated thickness measurement technique is matching with the measured data from manual thickness measurements. The average wall thickness at each elevation, obtained from the raw automated thickness measurement technique data to be used for assessment of the conductor. After building good confidence in the mode of failure the results indicated that manual thickness measurement technique is sufficient to assess the structural integrity of the conductors. The consultant has performed parametric studies to validate the Minimum Required Thickness (MRT) for the most onerous well in the group; by modelling the boundary conditions of conductor span between the guides, the critical water depth, well depth etc. Sensitivity studies were performed considering the environmental loading due to wind, wave, current; vortex induced vibrations, cement height behind the pipes etc. From the new findings the integrity status of the current wells risk ranking will be reviewed and if the average measured thickness is greater than the MRT then a repair program is no more required. The resource utilization was optimized based on the final outcome of the exercise. A procedure based optimized inspection techniques and structural integrity assessments to the group the well conductors resulted in the revision of risk ranking of wells, efficient maintenance planning and achieve high-cost optimization for its life extension. The outcome of the consultancy study will also substantiate our current method of conductor assessment and decision for repair based on risk-based approach. Based on the learnings this paper will be focusing on utilizing optimal inspection and assessment approach.
Reports on the topic "Judgement strategies"
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Lichtenstein, Sarah, and Paul Slovic. Decomposition Strategies for Eliciting Expert Knowledge: Judgements of Dangerousness. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada197913.
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