To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Judicial ethics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Judicial ethics'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 49 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Judicial ethics.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Scott, Kevin M. "Double agents an exploration of the motivations of Court of Appeals judges /." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1039026661.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 212 p.: ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Lawrence Baum, Dept. of Political Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 202-212).
2
Birch, Christopher John. "The role of morals in the justification of judicial decisions." Connect to full text, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5459.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1993.Title from title screen (viewed 30 October 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Law. Degree awarded 1993; thesis submitted 1992. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
3
Pang, Ho Yin Michael. "Ethical conducts, issues and concerns for arbitrators & engineers in common law jurisdiction." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22446138a.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007."Arbitration and dispute resolution thesis, submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree for Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW 6409 & LW 6409A." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
4
Gurnham, David. "The ethics of judicial rhetoric : the role of liberal moral principles in law." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1214/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of the relationship between deontological liberal principles and consequentialism in legal rhetoric. The argument developed is that these supposedly separate bases for judgment are actually mutually defining in cases involving an apparent ethical dilemma. The content of a principle cannot be known a priori, since its interpretation gains its persuasive force from a calculation of the benefit and detriment of a potential decision. We argue that, in order to prevent the deontological authority of liberal principles from being undermined by such a mixing, consequentialist calculations are themselves made by appealing to an interpretation of principled arguments. The effect of this symbiosis of principle and consequential ism is that ethical problems are resolved in legal rhetoric by assigning conflicting parties a higher or lower status within a moral hierarchy that prioritises those that assimilate more closely to the liberal ideal of the reasonable, responsible individual. This assignation itself requires the weighing up the possible consequences of this or that interpretation of the relevant Principles and the 'facts' of the parties' moral status. The characterisation of judicial rhetoric as a narrative of what we might call moral consequential ism leads on to a deconstructive turn in the second half of the thesis. We seek to show that the relationship between principle and consequence is not simply one of binary opposition, but rather of undecidability. The implications of such a destabilisation of the line between apparently distinct concepts for political and ethical theory is recognised and addressed in the final chapters. We consider how deconstruction both poses dangers and also creates new possibilities for critique. The final move of the thesis is to consider the ethical implications of our critique of law's moral hierarchy. We argue that emphasising the undecidability of law's moral hierarchies allows for new perspectives on ethical problems.
5
Hobson, Clark Ashley. "Interpretivism and the four principles approach to biomedical ethics : judicial decision making in cases with an inherently ethical content." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5652/.
Full textAbstract:
Judges are often reluctant to interact with medical ethics when deciding cases with an inherently ethical content. They sometimes even transfer decision-making responsibilities to medical ethics groups. At times this unwillingness is based on the presumption that medical ethics will be able to perform an effective regulatory function. The problem is there is a wide range of ethical discourse, both official and unofficial; so much it can cancel itself out. Therefore, as a regulatory tool for the medical profession, medical ethics is insufficient for the job. Judges, on the other hand, could arbitrate between competing ethical conclusions. Indeed, there is a strong argument they \(should\). This thesis addresses this timely and complex issue. Judges need to be willing and able to rely on the soundness of their own moral convictions to recognise and deal appropriately with the inherent ethical content in certain cases. In order to do this, they need a decision-making framework that recognises the ethical nature of judicial decision-making, so as to provide judges with confidence in applying moral principles and medical ethics. This thesis will provide such an integrated framework.
6
Cox, Dyson William. "Judges and ethical perceptions." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/616.
Full text
7
Birch, Christopher John. "The role of morals in the justification of judicial decisions / by Christopher Birch." Phd thesis, Faculty of Law, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5459.
Full text
8
Scott, Kevin Matthew. "Double Agents: An Exploration of the Motivations of Court of Appeals Judges." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039026661.
Full text
9
Tseng, Yin-Tzu. "Under the auspices of privacy .. or not surveying the state judicial treatment of access to government records /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5659.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on July 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
10
Thomlison, Riley. "Judicial Campaigns and Expensive Litigation; The Evolution of the Civil Justice System." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/501.
Full textAbstract:
The partisan election of state judges and costly litigation make the civil justice system in the United States vulnerable because they undermine the values upon which the system was founded. The public’s trust that courts administer justice fairly and impartially is questioned by partisan elections funded by large corporations. Moreover, with the advent of electronically stored information, and the market’s control over the price of legal resources, access to the civil justice system is limited by wealth. This thesis seeks to address these problems and analyze the solutions that are most effective and comprehensive.
11
Cintra, Fernando Vogel. "A universalizabilidade lógico-ética na fundamentação do princípio jurídico da igualdade e da vinculatividade dos precedentes judiciais : contribuicao para uma interpretação kantiana da teoria do discurso prático racional geral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181187.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo principal da tese é examinar se, na filosofia prática de Immanuel Kant, estariam já contidas distintas variantes da ideia de universalizabilidade, mais especificamente as variantes de Richard Mervyn Hare, Kurt Baier, Marcus George Singer e Jürgen Habermas, com vistas a determinar se a teoria do discurso prático racional de Robert Alexy poderia ser designada como kantiana. O objetivo secundário da tese é examinar se a ideia de universalizabilidade, tal como desenvolvida na lógica formal e na ética de orientação kantiana, pode ser empregada com sucesso na fundamentação filosófica do princípio jurídico da igualdade e da vinculatividade dos precedentes judiciais, bem como apresentar argumentos baseados na universalizabilidade e nos precedentes para a solução de três recursos extraordinários, com repercussão geral reconhecida, que estão pendentes de julgamento pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro: Recursos Extraordinários no 611.874, no 639.138 e no 710.293. Os métodos empregados foram o lógico-analítico, o hermenêutico e o comparativo, incluindo também pesquisa bibliográfica, jurisprudencial e legislativa. Os principais resultados obtidos foram estes: (i) do ponto de vista da lógica formal, a universalizabilidade pode ser situada no âmbito das regras de operação do cálculo de predicados de primeira ordem; (ii) com relação às diferentes formulações do imperativo categórico de Kant, a Fórmula IIIa (Reino dos Fins) parece a mais abrangente, ao compreender a forma da ação moral (a lei universal) e a matéria da ação moral (as pessoas como fins em si mesmas); (iii) em seus aspectos essenciais, as variantes da universalizabilidade de Hare, Baier, Singer e Habermas podem ser reconduzidas ao imperativo categórico kantiano; (iv) na filosofia do direito e do estado de Kant, a doutrina da dação de leis dupla explica a diferença entre a dação de leis ética e a dação de leis jurídica com base na diferença da “mola propulsora” (Triebfeder); (v) a existência de uma estreita ligação entre os conceitos de direito (incluindo a possibilidade de coerção externa), de universalizabilidade e de igualdade (na aplicação do direito e no estabelecimento do direito) foi demonstrada; (vi) os dois conceitos fundamentais da teoria do precedente – stare decisis e ratio decidendi – podem ser reconduzidos à ideia de universalizabilidade; (vii) tanto os argumentos baseados na utilização de precedentes, quanto o argumento da universalizabilidade, podem oferecer importantes contribuições para a solução de casos concretos, pendentes de julgamento nos tribunais brasileiros. As conclusões alcançadas a partir dos resultados são que as variantes da ideia de universalizabilidade de Hare, Baier, Singer e Habermas podem, em seus aspectos essenciais, ser reconduzidas à filosofia prática de Kant, demonstrando também a compatibilidade da teoria do discurso prático racional de Alexy com esta filosofia.The main objective of the thesis is to examine whether in Immanuel Kant’s practical philosophy distinct variants of the idea of universalizability are already contained, in particular Richard Mervyn Hare’s, Kurt Baier’s, Marcus George Singer’s and Jürgen Habermas’ variants, with a view to determine whether Robert Alexy’s theory of rational practical discourse could be construed as Kantian. The secondary objective of the thesis is to examine whether the idea of universalizability, such as developed in formal logic and ethics of Kantian orientation, can be employed successfully in the philosophical foundation of the legal principle of equality and of the binding character of judicial precedent, as well as to present arguments based on universalizability and precedent for the solution of three extraordinary appeals, with recognized general repercussion, which are pending judgment in the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court: Extraordinary Appeals n. 611.874, n. 639.138 and n. 710.293. The methods employed were the logical-analytic, the hermeneutic and the comparative, including also bibliographical, case law and legislative review. The main results obtained were as follows: (i) from the viewpoint of formal logic, universalizability can be located within the domain of operation rules of first order predicate calculus; (ii) in relation to the different formulas of Kant’s categorical imperative, the Formula IIIa (Kingdom of Ends) seems the more inclusive, by comprehending the form of moral action (the universal law) and the matter of moral action (the people as ends in themselves); ( (iii) in their essential aspects, Hare’s, Baier’s, Singer’s and Habermas’ variants of universalizability can be reduced to the Kantian categorical imperative; (iv) in Kant’s philosophy of law and state, the double law-giving doctrine explains the difference between the ethical law-giving and legal law-giving based on the difference between “incentive” (Triebfeder); (v) the existence of a close link between the concepts of law (including the possibility of external coercion), universalizability and equality (in the application of law and in the establishment of law) was demonstrated; (vi) the two fundamental concepts of the theory of precedent – stare decisis and ratio decidendi – can be reduced to the idea of universalizability; (vii) both arguments based on the utilization of precedent and the argument of universalizability can offer an important contribution to the solution of concrete cases, pending judgment in Brazilian courts. The conclusions obtained from the results are that Hare’s, Baier’s, Singer’s and Habermas’ variants of the idea of universalizability can, in their essential aspects, be reduced to Kant’s practical philosophy, also demonstrating the compatibility between Alexy’s theory of rational practical discourse and that philosophy.
12
Morais, Valério Pimenta de. "Decisão judicial e sua influência sobre a Legislação Tributária Paulista: uma perspectiva neopositivista." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6214.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Valerio Pimenta de Morais.pdf: 534429 bytes, checksum: 3d4551c339db91ea1291c16e96fa281a (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-09-17This essay analyses the influence of judicial decisions over São Paulo s tax law, taking as reference the moment of taxation by Public Administration, notedly the moment of tax assessment and its revision, which are markedly positivist, over all when taking into consideration the interpretation of the articles 142 and 149 of Brazilian Tax Code. The neopositivist premise has guided the development of the present essay, since its features have always been present at the analysis promoted, which can be reduced to an idea of complementarity, not only the activities of the government (Legislative, Executive and Judiciary), but also of a philosophical currents of Law. Note that the present analysis focus on Brazilian Federal Constitution, mainly on its principles, which join amplified by the multiplicity of interpreters, bringing semantic fill to the equation that assumes that rule of law is the result of interaction between law (work of Legislative and Executive, acting on its sanction and initiative), interpretation (a result of multiple social actors), and, finally, case law (deriving from the action of Judiciary). In this respect, this essay also examines the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann, that, considering the concept of legal system adopted, served as a support for the analysis of the position occupied by Executive, Legislative and Judiciary relatively to the same system, as well as the analysis of the principles and of the philosophical currents of law and the taxation, conceiving, as a result, the rule of law (which derives from the interaction of the elements which were mentioned above, within the neopositivist idea) and the new role played by case law as a source of law, made possible by the performance of the ideal model of a judge as a guardian-judge. In this context, in response to the questions thrown during the formulation of the introduction of this essay, we apprehend that judgments irradiate normativity, through individual and concrete rule up to general and abstract rule, either through compliance with regulatory expectations contrary to facts or even in case of objectification of judicial proceedings, being responsible for enough irritation that, over all taken into consideration, stimulate legislators create new laws. Thus, the approach between ethics and law, originally built by judicial decisions, tend to pervade the entire the legal system, also serving as a base for taxation moments as well as the moments before taxation, which begin to reproduce the aforementioned approach, representing a final translation of the principles of legal certainty and of equality
Esta dissertação tem por finalidade o estudo da influência das decisões judiciais sobre a legislação tributária paulista, tomando como referência o momento exacional de atuação da sua Administração Tributária, notadamente com o lançamento de ofício e sua revisão, que são tidos como marcadamente positivistas, sobretudo ao se levar em consideração a interpretação do Código Tributário Nacional, em seus artigos 142 e 149. A premissa neopositivista - diga-se de plano - norteou o desenvolvimento do trabalho, uma vez que suas características sempre estiveram presentes na análise que foi promovida, podendo mesmo ser reduzida a uma ideia de complementaridade, não só das atividades dos Poderes de Estado, mas, antes mesmo, das correntes filosóficas do direito. Neste passo, suas notas essenciais, tomadas em consideração, estabeleceram-se pela ambientação na Constituição da República de 1988, com pauta em forte medida principiológica, que, por sua vez, ingressa amplificada pela multiplicidade dos intérpretes, trazendo preenchimento semântico à equação concebida de que a norma jurídica é encontrada como o resultado da interação entre lei (obra dos Poderes Legislativo e Executivo, ao atuar na sua sanção e iniciativa), interpretação (resultado de multíplices atores sociais), e, por fim, jurisprudência (decorrente da atuação do Poder Judiciário). Nessa medida, foi também objeto de nossa investigação a consideração da teoria dos sistemas de Niklas Luhmann, que serviu de suporte para a apreciação, segundo a concepção de sistema jurídico adotada, da posição ocupada pelos Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário em relação ao mesmo sistema, a par da apreciação formulada, ainda, da principiologia e das correntes filosóficas do direito e da tributação, concebendo-se, assim, em decorrência, a norma jurídica (resultado da interação dos elementos, antes apontados, fundamentadas no neopositivismo) e no novo papel assumido pela jurisprudência como fonte do direito, viabilizado pela atuação do modelo típico-ideal de juiz, na forma do juiz-guardião. Nesse contexto, com base no quanto se sacou das análises empreendidas ao longo do presente trabalho, em resposta às indagações lançadas durante a formulação da introdução deste, apreendemos que as decisões judiciais irradiam normatividade, num caminho de norma individual e concreta até a geral e abstrata, seja por meio do cumprimento de expectativas normativas contrafáticas, seja mesmo no caso da objetivação das lides submetidas ao Poder Judiciário, sendo responsáveis pela irritação suficiente para que, sobretudo dentro da consideração empreendida, o legislador estadual ou distrital, produza o novo direito positivado. A aproximação efetuada entre a ética e o direito, dessa forma, construída, originariamente, pelas decisões judiciais do Poder Judiciário, tende a perpassar todo o sistema jurídico, servindo de base, ainda, para os momentos pré-exacionais e exacionais, que passam também a reproduzir, de sua parte, esta mencionada aproximação, representando uma tradução final dos princípios da segurança jurídica e da isonomia
13
Santana, Anna Paula Sousa da Fonsêca. "Direito fundamental a um processo justo, sob o enfoque do formalismo valorativo e da flexibilização procedimental." Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2013. http://ri.ufs.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/4346.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to defend value formalism, like the formalism useful to the procedure as a means of achieving a fair process. For both historical analysis is made of the jurisdiction under the focus of the power conferred on the Judge from the Roman State to the present day. Takes the postwar constitutionalism as a starting point to treat the state as insurer of the fundamental rights of the citizen and as a provider of public policies. The process no longer seen as a mere tool in the service of the right
stuff and will be recognized as a fundamental constitutional guarantee, as applied constitutional law. To do so, we start a process permeated by formalism-excessive in search of a value formalism emptying into the necessary balance or balance between the principles of effectiveness and legal certainty. Shows the need and possibility to change the paradigm of legal positivism to the model of principles and rules, as well as the possibility of dialogue in the countries of civil law institutes the common law. Search on the judicial activism the means to achieve the necessary flexibility procedural, either by technical management of litigation, the principle of elasticity, the use of axiological and ontological gaps as well as the principle of proportionality. All analysis aims to find solutions to reach decisions fairer and according with the democratic rule of law.O presente estudo tem por objetivo defender o formalismo-valorativo, ou seja, o formalismo útil ao procedimento, como meio de se alcançar um processo justo. Para tanto é feita a análise histórica da jurisdição sob o enfoque do poder conferido ao Juiz desde o Estado Romano até os dias atuais. Toma-se o constitucionalismo do pósguerra como ponto de partida para tratar do Estado como assegurador dos direitos fundamentais do cidadão e como provedor das políticas públicas. O processo deixa de ser visto como mero instrumento a serviço do direito material e passa a ser reconhecido como uma garantia constitucional fundamental, como direito constitucional aplicado. Para tanto, parte-se de um processo permeado por um formalismo-excessivo em busca de um formalismo-valorativo a desaguar no necessário equilíbrio ou ponderação entre os princípios da efetividade e segurança jurídica. Mostra-se a necessidade e possibilidade de mudança do paradigma do positivismo jurídico para o modelo de princípios e regras, como também a possibilidade de diálogo nos países da civil law de institutos da common law. Buscase no ativismo judicial o meio de concretizar a necessária flexibilização procedimental, seja pela técnica de gerenciamento de processos judiciais, pela aplicação do princípio da elasticidade, do uso das lacunas axiológicas e ontológicas, bem como do princípio da proporcionalidade. Toda a análise visa buscar soluções para o alcance de decisões mais justas e consetâneas com o Estado Democrático de Direito.
14
Howard, Jeffrey. "The fragility of justice : political liberalism and the problem of stability." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:921277fe-a454-4441-bb9b-5bf5e9afc5b0.
Full textAbstract:
Human powers of moral reasoning and motivation are fragile. How should citizens committed to the achievement of liberal justice respond to this fact? This dissertation theorises a class of moral requirements that are central to the practice of liberal democracy but have been recently overlooked by political philosophers: the fortificational duties, which enjoin citizens to design and submit to civic practices that improve both their moral reasoning and the motivational resilience of their sense of justice. It considers the proposition that a conception of justice is unjustified if unlikely to generate its own freely willed maintenance, or stability, in the face of human nature, and it argues that this proposition is false. If justice may face overwhelming resistance unless steps are taken to fortify ourselves against our own fallibility, the right response is to pursue precisely such fortification. Chapter One sketches the orienting ideal of the dissertation: an ideal of a social world in which citizens live together as free and equal. Chapter Two assesses the proposition that we ought to modify or abandon this ideal if we determine that it is unlikely to be freely realised without serious civic or institutional assistance—a move suggested by John Rawls’s “stability test”—and it argues that the candidate arguments for this conclusion fail. The chapter instead argues that citizens are subject to moral requirements to fortify their sense of justice by designing and submitting to measures that increase the likelihood that they will accurately identify and freely comply with their fundamental moral duties. These measures together constitute a liberal democracy’s “stability charter.” Chapters Three to Six explore proposed elements of citizens’ stability charter. Chapter Three discusses the fortification of moral reasoning through democratic deliberation. Chapter Four considers what institutional mechanisms could keep democracy oriented toward the achievement of justice despite human fallibility, and it defends a minimalist conception of judicial review as a case study. Chapter Five argues that the practice of criminal punishment is justified by the duties of wrongdoers to pursue additional fortificational measures in the aftermath of their moral powers’ defective operation. And Chapter Six focuses on the special problem posed to the enduring achievement of justice by “unreasonable citizens” who reject fundamental liberal values. The distinctive contribution of the dissertation lies, firstly, in its novel appropriation of the Rawlsian ideal of stability—reconceiving stability not as a justificatory condition set by reason on our convictions, but as a practical challenge that our own convictions set for us—and, secondly, in its deployment of that insight to motivate novel arguments about the character of democratic deliberation, the limits and role of judicial review, the proper purposes of criminal punishment, and the ideal method of engagement with unreasonable citizens.
15
Brady, Paul. "Towards a theory of adjudication : some issues of method and principle." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebfc484a-5593-445f-83d1-9cf30466e314.
Full textAbstract:
A sound theory of adjudication and of judicial duty requires or presupposes a sound theory of law and of legal argument. Jurisprudential inquiry is properly grounded not in reflections on conceptual properties of law but in reflections on human goods and needs as understood in a morally articulated theory of practical reason and compactly expressed in the normative concept of the common good. Such reflections confirm that law exists, in its central case, as a means to various types of authoritative co-ordination solutions. The underdetermined nature of (a) the positive requirements of practical reasonableness and the common good and of (b) the appropriate means of enforcing compliance and remedying non-compliance with either these requirements or the determinate negative precepts of practical reasonableness entails that a practically necessary aspect of the positive law’s role is constituting the requirements of justice, i.e. of what is due to whom generally and in particular situations (including situations where an injustice has been or is alleged to have been done). As a distinct and practically necessary mode of legal co-ordination for the common good, adjudication, in its central case, answers litigated questions of justice by applying all relevant law in accordance with the legal system’s practice of legal argument. Thus adjudication is performed by authoritative law-applying institutions precisely because it is about answering questions of justice, and not despite that fact. Theories of law developed on the assumption that it is possible to understand the ‘what’ of law without reliance on any moral judgments deny any practically necessary connection between (a) the promotion of justice and the common good and (b) the nature of law, in its central case, and, hence, the adjudicative application of the law. In the absence of this connection a judicial duty to do justice according to law is unintelligible.
16
Shine, Sidney Kiyoshi. "Andando no fio da navalha: riscos e armadilhas na confecção de laudos psicológicos para a justiça." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-25022010-100314/.
Full textAbstract:
A perícia psicológica é um recurso previsto no Código do Processo Civil para instruir litígios processuais em Vara de Família. O laudo psicológico como documento escrito resultante da avaliação psicológica pericial deve preencher requisitos formais para ser aceito enquanto prova pericial pelo Direito. O laudo psicológico deve preencher requisitos técnicos e éticos para ser considerado um trabalho cientificamente aceitável na Psicologia. Estudou-se uma amostra de 31 representações (denúncias éticas) contra psicólogos que produziram laudos no período de 1997 a 2005 julgados pelo Conselho Regional de Psicologia 06. As categorias de análise criadas a partir da literatura especializada permitiram: conhecer o motivo da representação, identificar o profissional representado e discriminar o que o laudo deve conter para ser considerado um operador de verdade. Os resultados revelaram uma amostra heterogênea. Havia apenas quatro laudos psicológicos periciais sendo que os demais documentos eram declarações, pareceres e relatórios de atendimento psicoterapêutico. O maior número de representações partiu de pessoas que não foram atendidas ou avaliadas por estes psicólogos. O grupo profissional que recebeu o maior número de representações foi o dos que realizaram psicodiagnósticos ou terapias de crianças (21 profissionais). Do total, 20 representações foram arquivadas ou terminaram em absolvição. Oito profissionais foram condenados por fazerem afirmações a respeito de pessoas sem fundamentação técnica condizente. Três casos prescreveram. Concluiu-se que existe desconhecimento por grande parte da categoria sobre o trabalho desenvolvido no campo da Psicologia Jurídica, especificamente na Vara da Família. O psicólogo judiciário que atua nesta área produzindo laudos não é o profissional mais representado no CRP-06. Quase dois terços dos trabalhos escritos foram considerados isentos de falhas técnicas ou éticas. Os laudos considerados aceitáveis pelos padrões da profissão também o são para fim de prova judicial. As falhas mais graves não são da ordem da linguagem (problemas semânticos ou sintáticos), como também não são de dificuldade de comunicação da matéria psicológica ao leitor leigo, mas de estratégias de avaliação psicológica equivocadas. Os documentos escritos foram gerados a partir de atendimentos que desconsideraram aspectos importantes das famílias envolvidas em litígios processuais. Atribuiu-se tais falhas à atuação contratransferencial, falta de familiaridade com o trabalho com famílias e desconhecimento das relações de poder no trato com advogados e juízes. Alerta-se para o risco ético de se prescrever encaminhamentos jurídicos (sentenças) como resultado da avaliação psicológica, extrapolando o objeto e o objetivo da Psicologia. Reconhece-se o processo de normalização que é efetivado pela avaliação psicológica para fim de normatização da conduta pelo Poder Judiciário como forma de dirimir o conflito social. A atuação das Comissões de Ética dos Conselhos Regionais e Federal possui importante papel para garantir o exercício da cidadania e a normatização da prática psicológica. DESCRITORES: Laudo Psicológico Prova Pericial Infrações Éticas - Avaliação Psicológica Psicologia JurídicaPsychological evaluation is a legal asset in the due process of Family Law litigations. It must fulfill certain requirements to be accepted as a means to provide truth for the justice. It must present ethical and technical requirements to be considered a result of sound recognized psychological practice. 31 complaints of professional misconduct relating to the producing of psychological evaluation documents for Family Law courts were reviewed. These complaints were filed with Professional Board for Psychology 06 and processed during 1998 and 2005. Categories of analyses were devised through available scientific literature in the field. The reasons for the complaint, the identification of the respondent (the person that the complaint is filed against) group and the criteria to review the contested document were analysed. The result shows different kinds of written documents but only three complete psychological evaluations performed for the court. The largest group of respondents were clinical child psychologists (21 respondents). 20 complaints were either dismissed or considered that a rule violation was not established. Eight psychologists were found responsible of Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct violation by making statements about people without sufficient scientific basis. Three cases expired. There is a general lack of knowledge about forensic psychological activities in Family Law courts. The forensic psychologist whose activity is to perform child custody evaluations is not the prevalent group of respondents. Almost two thirds of all the contested written reports were considered flawless. Psychological evaluations contested but not sanctioned were found valid and useful in court. Semantic or syntax problems of language or incompetence to convey psychological subject to lay people were not the basis of filed complaints. There seems to be problems with psychological evaluation strategies instead. Important dynamic family issues were ignored leading to faulty conclusions stated on written reports. Acting out of counter transference feelings, lack of experience in work with families involved in justice, and lack of knowledge of the power struggle in dealing with lawyers and judges are thought to be reasons for the misconduct. A warning is made against psychological evaluation that addresses the merit of the case, thus performing an act alien to the object and objective of psychological practice. It is recognized that psychological evaluation leads to the normalization of human conduct then ruled acceptable or not through legal standards. Social conflicts should be ruled by courts and not by psychologists. The works of Professional Board of Psychology both regional and federal are of paramount importance for the active citizenship and responsible provision of psychological services.
17
Amorim, Junior Silvio Roberto Oliveira de. "A questão das sanções da Lei da improbidade administrativa : contribuições para procedimento e aplicação racional." Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4349.
Full textAbstract:
This is a Master´s Degree Dissertation that agrees with the premise that Law
cannot be dissociated from Moral and with the conclusion that leads to the path to rationalize
moral values in the juridical atmosphere. In that way, constitutional jurisdiction attempts its
objectives and legitimates itself upon social medium by using juridical argumentation´s
methods, which must be particularly respected, in Brazil, in the sphere of the analysis of
administrative improbity´s acts. At the same time, Constitution is not only the main juridical
text of a given State, endowed with normative power and imperative norms, but represents,
fundamentally, the great variety of mankind knowledge´s lines, as well as it is guided by a
truly axiological sense. Based in that post-positivist context, this Master´s Degree Dissertation
comments about the Administrative Improbity Law (Brazilian Federal Law nº 8.429/1992) by
offering, initially, a general panorama of the above-mentioned law; soon after, it specifies the
object of study with its species and penalties. Finally, this work shows study about the
necessity to establish a procedure tending to investigate the real occurrence of an improbity
act and, in that way, it is put forward another contribution, intending to rationalize the fixation
of Administrative Improbity Law s sanctions, together with the application of Proportionality.Trata-se de Dissertação de Mestrado que concorda com a premissa de que o Direito não pode ser dissociado da Moral e com a conclusão que conduz ao caminho de racionalizar a inserção dos valores morais na atmosfera jurídica. A jurisdição constitucional, neste sentido, cumpre seu papel e se legitima perante o meio social quando utiliza métodos de argumentação jurídica, os quais devem ser particularmente respeitados, no Brasil, na esfera de análise de atos de improbidade administrativa. Paralelamente, a Constituição não é apenas o principal texto jurídico de um Estado, dotado de força normativa e normas imperativas, como também representa, fundamentalmente, as mais diversas linhas do conhecimento humano, além do que, é norteada por um verdadeiro sentido axiológico. Baseada em tal contexto póspositivista, esta dissertação discorre a respeito da Lei da Improbidade Administrativa (Lei nº 8.429/1992) oferecendo, inicialmente, um panorama geral do referido diploma normativo para, logo depois, especificar o objeto de estudo nas modalidades e nas sanções nela contidas. Finalmente, o presente trabalho mostra estudo a respeito da necessidade de ser estabelecido um procedimento tendente a apurar a efetiva ocorrência de atos ímprobos para que, passo seguinte, seja apresentada outra contribuição, no sentido de racionalizar a aplicação das penalidades da Lei da Improbidade Administrativa, com o necessário uso da Regra da Proporcionalidade.
18
Lyon, Lucille Castillo. "California conservatorships: An examination into ethics, standards, and judical monitoring." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/945.
Full text
19
Laoye, Oluwagbemiso. "The Relationship between Judicial Independence and Ethnic Conflict." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984193/.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between judicial independence and the levels of ethnic conflicts in developing countries has remained a significant research area due to increased cases of the conflicts with lack of judicial independence in the countries. Judicial independence is seen as an essential element of democracy in that an independent judiciary can act as an arbiter between different groups and institutions. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between judicial independence and ethnic conflicts empirically. Greater judicial independence should be associated with less ethnic conflict, because an independent court can serve as an arbiter for disputants, and thus lessen the likelihood of conflict. The study involved 128 developing countries over a 30-year period from 1981 to 2010 using secondary data sources and employing statistical methods to test the relationship between judicial independence and the levels of ethnic conflicts. Findings indicate that judicial independence has a statistically significant negative association with the levels of ethnic conflict. Therefore, this study recommends that the governments of developing countries should promote judicial independence as part of solutions for ethnic conflicts .
20
Kast, Johannes. "Reconciliation Opportunities for Ethnic Chinese in Cambodia through Non-Judicial Reparations at the ECCC." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22943.
Full textAbstract:
The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) have been tasked with bringing justice to the survivors of the Khmer Rouge genocide. Almost ten years later, three people have been sentenced to life imprisonment. This study examines the perceptions of justice and opportunities of reconciliation from somewhat neglected perspective of Chinese-Cambodian genocide survivors. Through the unique tool of non-judicial measures (NJMs), I am exploring opportunities and chances that might arise for a broader victim support in the future. I have conducted two focus groups in Kampot and Battambang, as well as eleven semi-structured interviews in Battambang and Phnom Penh with Chinese-Cambodian survivors of the Khmer Rouge. As a bridge to the quantitative research, I additionally have conducted a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) with existing surveys and studies.
21
Edery, Ortiz Carmen Shulamit, and Espinoza Grecia Alexandra Sernaqué. "La trayectoria de una intérprete de lenguas indígenas que participó en un caso de acceso a la justicia intercultural en el Perú: el juicio “Curva del Diablo”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653690.
Full textAbstract:
En el contexto latinoamericano, las comunidades indígenas viven en situaciones de vulnerabilidad pese a que existen derechos constitucionales que los reconocen. En el Perú, específicamente, el acontecimiento del “Baguazo” evidenció los vacíos normativos de un sistema de justicia intercultural y los diferentes retos a los que se enfrenta el intérprete de lenguas indígenas en contextos judiciales. A pesar de que diversos estudios de Traducción e Interpretación se enfocan en la labor del intérprete de lenguas indígenas en el ámbito judicial, todavía no se ha analizado esta labor desde su trayectoria personal y profesional. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación se centrará en la trayectoria de la intérprete de lenguas indígenas Dina Ananco que participó en un caso de acceso a la justicia intercultural —juicio oral “Curva del Diablo”— debido al conflicto social del “Baguazo”. Mediante este estudio pretendemos conocer y analizar no solo el rol de esta intérprete indígena dentro del ámbito judicial, sino también cómo los contextos de su propia comunidad y del juicio influyeron en el ámbito personal y profesional de la intérprete durante y después de su participación. Para ello, utilizaremos entrevistas de historia de vida —método de investigación cualitativa— que nos permitirá reconstruir la trayectoria de la intérprete de lenguas indígenas.In the Latin American context, indiginous communities live in vulnerable situations despite the existence of constitutional rights that recognize them. In Peru, the “Baguazo'' occurrence demonstrated not only the normative voids within an intercultural justice system but the different challenges faced by the indigenous interpreters in judicial contexts. Several studies on Translation and Interpreting are focused on the indigenous interpreter’s role in the judicial field. Nevertheless, the study of this role based on the personal and professional trajectory of the interpreter has not been analyzed yet. Therefore, this research will focus on the indigenous interpreter Dina Ananco’s trajectory who participated in a case of access to intercultural justice—“Curva del Diablo'' oral trial—due to the “Baguazo”social conflict. The aim of this study is to recognize and analyze the role of the above-mentioned indigenous interpreter in the judicial field, but also how the contexts of her own community and of the oral trial influenced in her both personal and professional aspects during and after her participation. For that purpose, we will use life story interviews—qualitative research method—in order to rebuild the indigenous interpreter’s trajectory.
Trabajo de investigación
22
Boissenin, Paul. "Étude du phénomène des soins psychiques en unité sanitaire de maison d'arrêt : traitement psychique des personnes incarcérées en maison d'arrêt, pertinence, faisabilité, limites et obstacles." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1022.
Full textAbstract:
L’offre psychothérapique aux personnes détenues en maison d’arrêt par le psychologue est importante, d’abord parce que 70 % de ces personnes sont incarcérées dans ce type d'établissement et que la majorité d’entre-elles est détenue pour des faits de violences à la personne, ensuite parce que ce travail psychique est le seul à mettre en contact avec les fondements de la personnalité. Ces soins représentent donc un enjeu de santé et sécurité mais aussi d’économiespubliques.La recherche, dans la perspective de l’analyse existentielle montre la pertinence du traitement psychanalytique pour la transformation du rapport à soi et aux autres. Mais le cadre psychothérapeutique, articulé aux soins somatiques et psychiatriques dans l’espace sanitaire, ne tient qu’en congruence avec les cadres judiciaire et pénitentiaire.Un excès de distance entre les acteurs judiciaires, pénitentiaires et sanitaires-psychothérapeutiques expose le patient à des risques et au non-sens. A l’inverse, un rapprochement excessif présente un risque de confusion.Une alliance interinstitutionnelle entre les acteurs est requise dans une éthique des limitesThe psychotherapeutic proposition made by the psychologist to people imprisoned in detention centers is significant first because 70 % of these people are imprisoned in this type of facility and most of them are detained for violence against other people, secondly because this psychic work is the only one that establishes a link with the personality foundations. This psychotherapeutic care is thus not only a health and safety issue but also a public economy issue.By using the existential analysis as methodology, the research shows the relevance of psychoanalytic treatment for the transformation of the relationship with self and others.But the psychotherapeutic framework linked to somatic and psychiatric care in the health unitcan be efficient only if it works in conjunction with the judicial and penitential frameworks.An excessive distance between judicial, penitential and sanitary-psychotherapeutic playersexposes the patient to risk and to meaninglessness. On the contrary, an excessive closeness may lead to confusion.An interinstitutional alliance between the players is necessary according to an ethics of limits
23
Nassour, Bashar. "Maltraitance infligée à l'enfant : difficultés et freins à la prise en charge médico-légale : étude comparée entre France et Syrie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB143.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse, développée dans une approche comparatiste et différentialiste de la maltraitance faite à l'enfant (0 à 18 ans), en France et en Syrie, concerne la médecine légale, inscrite dans un contexte d'éthique médicale. La problématique initiale évoque le signalement de la part du médecin, et ses freins, question qui débouche sur l'interrogation suivante : Comment la décision du médecin, toujours première, peut-elle intégrer la dimension psychologique et socioculturelle de la maltraitance, pour que les conséquences du signalement (ou du non signalement) soient au bénéfice de l'enfant et sa famille ? L'Histoire et l'évolution de la maltraitance à enfant sont exposées, pour les deux pays (peu d'informations pour la Syrie). L'enfant, sujet vulnérable, est considéré dans sa globalité psychologique et socioculturelle, face aux données afférant à sa protection. Ensuite, l'approche médicale (tableaux cliniques de maltraitance le plus couramment observés), suivie de la prise en charge globale de l'enfant, dans les sociétés française et syrienne, sont exposées. Enfin, les aspects juridiques de la protection de l'enfant, face au signalement et ses freins, sont présentés comme relevant d'une problématique éthique, située entre médecine et droit, dans des espaces socioculturels spécifiques. Ces données prennent concrètement corps dans des études de cas cliniques, en service de médecine légale : CHU de Dijon, en France, et Centre hospitalier de la région d'Alep, en Syrie (synthèse de Dao sur 249 cas, en 2002, compte tenu de la situation politique actuelle). Via le témoignage du Dr. Catherine Bonnet, cette étude s'ouvre sur un approfondissement des questions du viol et de l'inceste, et met en lumière certaines difficultés à déboucher sur des décisions judiciaires qui, bien que correctes du côté du droit, peuvent s'avérer délétères pour l'enfant et sa famille, sur les plans psychologique, affectif et social ; la situation des deux pays est différenciée, ici aussi. La conclusion, d'ordre moral et éthique, renvoie à la responsabilité de la famille (bientraitance et éducation de l'enfant) et au constat d'une articulation difficile entre le travail du médecin et les décisions judiciaires qui devraient permettre un vrai soin et une protection efficace de l'enfant maltraité, question qui suscite notre interrogation finale : À l'échelon mondial, faudrait-il élaborer une législation commune, spécifique pour l'enfant ?This research is a comparative and differential approach of child abuse (0-18 years), in France and Syria. It concerns forensic medicine in the context of medical ethics. The initial issue evokes the reporting abuse and its obstacles, and leads to the following question: How the always main decision of the doctor can integrate the psychological and socio-cultural dimension of child abuse in order that the reporting (or the no reporting) benefits the child and family? The history and evolution of child abuse are exposed, for both countries (some information only for Syria). The child, subject vulnerable, is considered as a psychological and sociocultural entity, as to his/her protection. Then, the medical approach (clinical cases of abuse commonly observed), and the medical management of the child are exposed in the French and Syrian societies. Finally, the legal aspects of child protection are reported with its obstacles as part of an ethical issue, between medicine and law, in specific socio-cultural dimensions. These data are updated in the study of clinical cases, in forensic services: CHU of Dijon, in France, and one hospital, in the area of Aleppo, in Syria (Dao’s synthesis of 2002, on 249 cases, given the current political situation). Then, considering the testimony of the Dr Catherine Bonnet, this study opens the reflection on rape and incest, and highlights some difficulties due to certain judicial decisions which, although correct in view of the law, may be deleterious for the child and his family, if we consider a psychological, emotional and social point of view. Both countries situation is differentiated, again. The moral and ethical conclusion refers to the responsibility of the family (welfare and education of the child). It also refers to a difficult relationship between the doctor’s practice and the judicial decisions that should allow a true care and an effective protection of the abused child. This issue arouses our final questioning: at the world level, perhaps it may be necessary to develop a specific legislation for the child ?
24
Brand, Robert Christian. "The King Commission live : an examination of the legal and ethical considerations involved in broadcasts of judicial proceedings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52545.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The controversy around the broadcasting of court proceedings has reigned in the United States since the 1950s, reaching a peak with the trial of O.J. Simpson, widely interpreted as an example of the destructive effect of a "media circus" on the administration of justice. In many other U.S. courtrooms, however, television and radio journalists do their work unobtrusively, professionally and to the benefit of their viewers and listeners. The King Commission of Inquiry into allegations of match-fixing in cricket gave South Africa its first experience of television and radio coverage of judicial proceedings, and lay the basis for a more liberal approach to electronic coverage of courts. The Constitution protects freedom of expression, including the freedom to receive and impart information. This has been interpreted by the High Court as conferring on radio journalists the freedom to record and broadcast the King Commission's proceedings. It is argued in this study that the High Court's reasoning could be applied with equal force to television, and to coverage of the courts. It is suggested a trial period of electronic coverage of courts, under clear guidelines for journalists and legal practitioners, may provide greater clarity on the desirability of allowing electronic coverage of courts on a permanent basis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die netelige vraagstuk rondom die uitsaai van hofverrigtinge het alreeds in the vyftigerjare van die vorige eeu in die Verenigde State ontstaan. Die vervolging van O.J. Simpson was 'n hoogtepunt in die debat. Dié saak word gereeld voorgehou as 'n voorbeeld van die nadelige effek wat 'n "mediasirkus" op die regsproses kan uitoefen. Maar in baie ander Amerikaanse howe doen radio- en televisiejoernaliste hulle werk sonder steurnis, professioneel, en ten voordeel van hul luisteraars and kykers. The Kingkommissie van Ondersoek na beweringe van oneerlikheid in krieket was Suid-Afrika se eerste ervaring van elektroniese dekking van 'n regterlike proses, and kan moontlik die basis vorm vir 'n meer liberale benadering tot elektroniese dekking van howe. Die Grondwet waarborg vryheid van uitdrukking, insluitende die vryheid om inligting uit te stuur en te ontvang. Die Hooggeregshof het onlangs beslis hierdie vryheid beteken radiojoernaliste mag die verrigtinge van die Kingkommissie opneem en uitsaai. In hierdie studie word geargumenteer dat die Hooggeregshof se beslissing ook van toepassing kan wees op televisie, en op hofverrigtinge. Daar word voor die hand gedoen dat Suid- Afrikaanse howe vir 'n proeftydperk elekroniese dekking van hofverrigtinge toelaat, met streng reëls vir joernaliste en regspraktisyns. So 'n proefneming kan dalk groter duidelikheid verskaf oor die voor- en nadele van televisie- en radiodekking van howe op 'n permanente basis.
25
Beukes, Soraya. "The effect of corruption on the 'available resources' for the right to housing as espoused by the Constitution of South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5510.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor Legum - LLDThe objective of this study was to expose how the ineffectiveness of the anti-corruption measures contributed in delaying the right to housing, as proffered by the Constitution of South Africa, to the impoverished population at large. The result of this study has shown that the available resources of the state were not sufficiently protected against malfeasance in the public service. The plethora of anti-corruption measures has not deterred wayward public officials from personally abusing the 'available resources' earmarked for housing. Stark evidence of corruption was revealed by the SIU Reports (2011, 2012, and 2013) that confirmed endemic proportions of corruption in the public housing programme that had seen housing projects delayed, half-completed and not built. The point is, that the right to housing is not necessarily delayed by a lack of economic resources as often claimed by the government, but rather that those resources are available, but not amply protected against corruption by the anti-corruption measures and agencies in place, to do this. Procurement processes are undermined by public officials, including management, who by-pass laws that govern public finance. This behaviour has been pervasive in the human settlement programme since 2007 when the SIU embarked on its proclamation to investigate corruption in the social housing programme. Exacerbating the abuse of available resource is the first citizen, the President who the Constitutional Court found has unlawfully benefited from security upgrades at his private home, Nkandla. Thus the public service suffers from an acute lack of ethical behaviour and thereby good governance and this has made the government vulnerable to breaching international treaty obligations insofar as realisation of the minimum core in housing and protecting the maximum available resources for housing against malfeasance in government. Instead that government realises the right to housing for the impoverished soonest, the government was rather pre-occupied with abusing state funds earmarked as such and thereby deprived the right to enjoy access to housing, in particular to the homeless and the most desperate.
National Research Foundation (NRF); Ryoichi Sasakawa Young Leaders Fellowship Fund (Sylff); Erasmus Mundus Aesop+
26
Silva, Claudia Maria Gil. "Discursos de posse dos Presidentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal Brasil, capital Brasília: uma das faces do ethos do Poder Judiciário." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3299.
Full textAbstract:
O objeto deste estudo é a análise do comportamento da palavra nos discursos de posse dos Presidentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal, tendo como foco o enunciador e o lugar que ocupa no mundo em que constrói seu discurso, quando toma a palavra que lhe é de direito. Verificamos as relações de poder estabelecidas pela palavra e a ação que ela é capaz de realizar: a construção de imagens, a percepção do outro no momento do costuramento discursivo e os ajustamentos necessários entre o eu e o outro para o desenvolvimento da argumentação. Considerando que o poder imanente da palavra política é premissa fundamental para identificar o ethos dos enunciadores discursivos, demos, pois, enfoque ao modo como se dá a sua constituição nesses discursos, tendo em vista a representação histórica, social, linguística e discursiva dos sujeitos enunciadores, cuja identidade individual ou coletiva, bem como a do auditório a que se destina inscreve o binômio língua/sociedade como premissa fundamental para a realização do estudo da estrutura linguística utilizada em sua redação. Analisar os discursos de posse dos presidentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal, nos últimos 47 anos da República no Brasil, permite que apontemos uma das imagens do Poder Judiciário, forjada pelos membros do próprio Poder e o espelhamento inegável entre presidência e presidentes; que observemos as características que os inserem em determinados domínios discursivos e o contrato que confirma a interdependência e relevância de enunciador e auditório para a constituição do ethos de credibilidade nesses discursos, que tratamos como subgênero textual do gênero discurso de posse; que identifiquemos os ajustamentos e interação entre a tríade enunciador, discurso e auditório responsável pelo desenvolvimento da argumentação e da construção de uma das faces do ethos do Poder JudiciárioThe objective of this study is to analyze how words act in the inaugural addresses of Chiefs Justice of the Supreme Court, focusing on the speaker and the place he/she occupies in the world within he/she creates his/her speech, during the moment he/she has the right to speak. The relations of power established by the word and the action the same is capable of realizing: image construction, the otherness perception at the moment of creating the discourse and the necessary adjustments between the "self" and the "other' in order to develop argumentation. Considering that the immanent power of the political word is the basic premise to identify the ethos of the discourse announcers, it was emphasized on how it is constituted in these speeches, being aware of the historical, social, linguistic and discursive representation of the speakers, whose individual or group identity, as well as the audience to whom is addressed inscribes language and society as a basic premise to realize the study of the linguistic structure that was used in their composition. Studying the inaugural addresses of Chiefs Justice of the Supreme Court in the last 47 years of Republic in Brazil, allows us to point out one of the images of the Judicial Power, created by its own members, and the reflection between presidency and presidents; to observe the characteristics that inscribe them in certain discursive domains and the "contract" that confirms the interdependence and relevance of the announcer and audience for the constitution of the ethos of "reliability" in these speeches, which we identify as " inaugural address/speech"; to identify the adjustments and interaction between the three parts: announcer, address/speech and audience responsible for the development of the argumentation and the building of one of the faces of the ethos of the Judicial Power
27
Willmott, Lindy. "Advance directives, autonomy and the refusal of life-sustaining medical treatment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47027/1/Lindy_Willmott_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
As Australian society 1s agemg, individuals are increasingly concerned about managing their future, including making decisions about the medical treatment they may wish to receive or refuse if they lose decision-making capacity. To date, there has been relatively little research into the extent to which legal regulation allows competent adults to make advance refusals of life-sustaining medical treatment that will bind health professionals and others when a decision needs to be made at a future time. This thesis aims to fill this gap in the research by presenting the results of research into the legal regulation of advance directives that refuse life-sustaining medical treatment. In the five papers that comprise this thesis, the law that governs this area is examined, and the ethical principle of autonomy is used to critically evaluate that law. The principal finding of this research is that the current scheme of regulation is ineffective to adequately promote the right of a competent adult to make binding advance directives about refusal of medical treatment. The research concludes that legislation should be enacted to enable individuals to complete an advance directive, only imposing restrictions to the extent that this is necessary to promote individual autonomy. The thesis first examines the principle of autonomy upon which the common law (and some statutory law) is expressed to be based, to determine whether that principle is an appropriate one to underpin regulation. 1 The finding of the research is that autonomy can be justified as an organising principle on a number of grounds: it is consistent with the values of a liberal democracy; over recent decades, it is a principle that has been even more prominent within the discipline of medical ethics; and it is the principle which underpins the legal regulation of a related topic, namely the contemporaneous refusal of medical treatment. Next, the thesis reviews the common law to determine whether it effectively achieves the goal of promoting autonomy by allowing a competent adult to make an advance directive refusing treatment that will operate if he or she later loses decision-making capacity. 2 This research finds that conunon law doctrine, as espoused by the judiciary, prioritises individual choice by recognising valid advance directives that refuse treatment as binding. However, the research also concludes that the common law, as applied by the judiciary in some cases, may not be effective to promote individual autonomy, as there have been a number of circumstances where advance directives that refuse treatment have not been followed. The thesis then examines the statutory regimes in Australia that regulate advance directives, with a focus on the regulation of advance refusals of life-sustaining medical treatment.3 This review commences with an examination ofparliamentary debates to establish why legislation was thought to be necessary. It then provides a detailed review of all of the statutory regimes, the extent to which the legislation regulates the form of advance directives, and the circumstances in which they can be completed, will operate and can be ignored by medical professionals. The research finds that legislation was enacted mainly to clarify the common law and bring a level of certainty to the field. Legislative regimes were thought to provide medical professionals with the assurance that compliance with an advance directive that refuses life-sustaining medical treatment will not expose them to legal sanction. However, the research also finds that the legislation places so many restrictions on when an advance directive refusing treatment can be made, or will operate, that they have not been successful in promoting individual autonomy.
28
Ishara, Yara. "Da violência à ética: considerações sobre o enquadre de entrevistas com crianças no âmbito do judiciário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-10112016-153043/.
Full textAbstract:
A presente pesquisa visa refletir sobre o lugar e o papel da psicologia no contexto do judiciário, propondo-se a realizar uma aproximação entre as áreas da psicologia e do direito, por meio do campo da ética. Objetiva, de forma mais específica, discutir o enquadre de entrevista com crianças que sofreram experiências de violência, dispondo-se a fazê-lo a partir de uma perspectiva assentada no ethos humano. Metodologicamente o trabalho constitui-se como pesquisa qualitativa, fundamentada no método clínico. Configura-se ao redor de situações de atendimento referentes a crianças que sofreram experiências de violência, tiveram os pais destituídos do poder familiar e encontravam-se sob a responsabilidade legal do poder judiciário. Como procedimento são utilizadas narrativas transferenciais de entrevistas, as quais foram estruturadas por meio de desenhos e histórias. A análise tem como principais referências as concepções de autores como Winnicott e Safra. Prioriza aspectos associados a transicionalidade e ao que se entende como necessidades éticas da condição humana - dentre elas, a necessidade de ser reconhecido e compreendido em sua singularidade, encontrar um lugar na subjetividade do outro e uma morada no mundo dos homens. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o termo ethos é tomado prioritariamente na pesquisa como lugar, campo relacional e posicionamento diante do outro. Considera-se, em contrapartida, violência, toda ação que reduz o ser humano à condição de coisa/objeto ou repercute no sentido do esfacelamento ou fratura do seu ethos. Entende-se, por sua vez, como intervenção ética o posicionamento diante do outro que preserva a sua condição de pessoa e favorece o vir a ser de si mesmo. A partir desse posicionamento epistemológico/ético e político, a pesquisa busca pensar um modelo de enquadre que considere a criança não só em sua condição biográfica e ôntica, mas em sua dimensão ontológica. Procura estruturar uma proposta de entrevista que possa, por um lado, atender à demanda e exigência institucionais, fornecendo subsídios para tomada de decisão judicial sobre o caso, mas por outro, constitua-se como uma intervenção ética, sob a forma de um olhar que não objetifique/coisifique a criança e se faça testemunho frente a fraturas éticas. Um olhar que reconheça a criança em singularidade, favoreça uma comunicação mais espontânea e profunda, 12 dialogue a partir do seu idioma pessoal e sustente o seu vir a ser. Em última instância, a pesquisa visa pensar em um enquadre de entrevista no contexto jurídico, que seja mais justo à condição humanaThis research has the general objective of approximating the areas of psychology and law through the ethical field. It aims, more specifically, to discuss the framing interviews with children who have suffered violence, proposing to do so from a perspective based on the human ethos. Methodologically speaking, the task is configured as qualitative research, with fundaments based on the clinical method. It centers around reports of situations related by children in attendance, who have suffered violence, had their parents destituted of family authority and are under legal custody of the judiciary. Procedures used were transference narratives of the interviews, structured by means of drawings and stories. The main references for the analysis are drawn from the concepts of authors such as Winnicott and Safra. Aspects associated to transitionality are prioritized and those understood to be ethical necessities of the human condition - amongst which: the need to be singularly recognized and understood, to find a place in the subjectivity of the other and a dwelling in the world of men. Within this perspective, the term ethos in this research is taken to mean primarily the place, relational field or positioning vis-a-vis the other. Conversely, violence is considered as all action which reduces the human being to the condition of a thing/object or has repercussions in the sense of destroying or fracturing his ethos. The positioning in front of the other that preserves the persons condition and encourages her to become herself, is in turn understood to be an ethical intervention. From this political, epistemological/ethical stand, the research strives to think a framework (setting) model which considers the child not only in her biographical and ontical condition, but also in her ontological dimension. The study seeks to structure a proposal for interviewing which can on the one side attend institutional demands, furnishing subsidies for judicial decision-making, but on the other constitutes an ethical intervention, from an optic which neither objectifies the child nor turns her into a thing. Such an optic is a testimony with regard to ethical fractures, which recognizes the child in her singularity, favoring a deeper and more spontaneous communication, dialoguing in her personal language and sustaining her future development. In the last instance, the research seeks to contemplate the setting interview into the juridical framework in a manner most fitting for the human condition
29
Sontag, Koenig Sophie. "Les droits de la défense face aux technologies de l'information et de la communication." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT3001.
Full textAbstract:
Les droits de la défense émanent d'une époque où les justiciables subissaient le procès et les atteintes pouvant en résulter pour leurs droits et leurs libertés. Protéiforme, héritier des garanties issues de la notion de procès équitable telle que définie par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme, ce concept prend une coloration spécifique dans le procès pénal. Il est incarné, en soi, par l'avocat pénaliste qui, en symbiose avec lui, doit s'adapter aux mutations dont il a parfois fait l'objet. Instruite d'expériences menées à l'étranger sur l'introduction des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication dans le domaine de la justice, la France, elle aussi, a décidé de moderniser ses procédures judiciaires en y recourant dans la sphère pénale. Révolution copernicienne, porteuse d'espoirs au plan managérial et de l'administration de la justice, les technologies modernes suscitent de facto craintes et résistances en raison de leur relative complexité et de leur caractère novateur. Ainsi, à des difficultés techniques qui limitent les retombées positives des réformes, s'ajoutent des aspects symboliques concernant le déroulement du rituel judiciaire, instaurant une dialectique nouvelle entre intervenants de la "chaîne pénale" et modifiant les rapports entre professionnels du droit ainsi qu'entre ceux qui unissent justice et justiciables. Il s'ensuit une mutation des cadres du procès et, corrélativement, une reformulation des schémas de pensée au regard des droits de la défense et de l'exercice de la défense pénaleThe rights of the defense come from a time when individuals undergoing trial and damage that may result to their rights and freedoms. Protean, they are born guaranteed from the notion of a fair trial as defined by the European Court of Human Rights. Taking a specific color in the criminal trial, this notion appears embodied in itself, the criminal lawyer who, in harmony with his specialty, must adapt to the changes which it has sometimes been. Technologies of Information and Communication have gradually invested the field of Justice and in particular the criminal sphere. Educated the results of experiments conducted abroad, France has also decided to modernize its judicial procedures using these new techniques. Copernican revolution, full of hope at the managerial level and the administration of justice, modern technologies raise fears facto resistance due to their relative complexity and novelty. Thus, a technical difficulty that limits the positive impact of the reforms, in addition symbolic aspects concerning the conduct of judicial ritual, introducing a new dialectic between stakeholders "criminal justice system" and changing the relationship of legal professionals as well as those that unites justice and litigants. It follows a change of management of the trial and, correspondingly, a restructuring of the thought patterns of the rights of defense and the practice of criminal defense
30
Lins, José Luiz Santos. "Os impactos econômicos e sociais das decisões judiciais: terra indígena Raposa Serra do Sol - o desafio de conciliar direitos humanos com desenvolvimento econômico." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4186.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Leoná Rodrigues (leonarodrigues@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-26T19:58:43Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Os impactos econômicos e sociais das decisões judiciais - José Luiz Lins.pdf: 1039266 bytes, checksum: 4000cfd6ea3f7442fe07e171ce82e0d7 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Direito (bfd@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-08-17T16:40:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Os impactos econômicos e sociais das decisões judiciais - José Luiz Lins.pdf: 1039266 bytes, checksum: 4000cfd6ea3f7442fe07e171ce82e0d7 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T16:40:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Os impactos econômicos e sociais das decisões judiciais - José Luiz Lins.pdf: 1039266 bytes, checksum: 4000cfd6ea3f7442fe07e171ce82e0d7 (MD5)
O presente estudo aborda as imbricações entre Estado, Direito e Economia, fazendo uma retrospectiva acerca do surgimento do Estado sob a perspectiva das matrizes marxista e liberal, bem como as várias feições adotadas por este ao longo do seu processo evolutivo. Em seguida, apresenta a aproximação das ciências econômicas e jurídicas por meio dos estudos pioneiros apresentados durante a década de 70 e do atual debate em torno da matéria no País, realçando o conflito entre os interesses econômicos e os da pessoa humana. Na vertente empírica, expõe o conflito econômico, jurídico e social ocorrido em torno da Terra Indígena Raposa Serra do Sol, procurando analisar a atuação do Poder Judiciário, a fim de aferir se houve equalização de interesses ou se um preponderou sobre o outro. A seguir, demonstra as graves conseqüências da inobservância de valores éticos, tanto na área econômica como na judiciária. O objetivo deste trabalho, assim, é demonstrar a necessidade da aproximação do direito não só com a economia, mas, sobretudo, com a ética, a fim de que os atos jurisdicionais, ao serem emanados, mantenham a devida conformação com os direitos humanos, objetivando sempre o equilíbrio entre interesses econômicos e sociais.
The study examines the interplay between state, law and economics, in retrospect about the emergence of the state from the perspective of Marxist and liberal arrays, as well as the various features adopted for this, throughout its evolutionary process. Then present the approach of economics and law, through the pioneering studies presented at the 70 and the current debate on the matter in the country, highlighting the conflict between economic interests and the human person. The empirical strand will be exposed some issues of economic and social importance, analyzing the weighing up made by the judiciary in order to ascertain whether it was kept equalization of interest or if one prevailed over the other. The following will be demonstrated the serious consequences of breach of ethical values in the area both economically and in the courts. The objective is to demonstrate the necessity of not only the right approach to the economy, but mainly with ethics, so that the jurisdictional acts, when issued, to maintain the proper conformation to human rights, enabling equalization interests of both economic and social.
31
Micheli, Alberto de Amorim. "Reflexões sobre a incidência da ética e do direito na esfera político-disciplinar do Poder Judiciário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5876.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Alberto de Amorim Micheli.pdf: 832453 bytes, checksum: 0ff26cb458269607b30febb0363210a7 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-06-01This work has been developed in order to provide a critical approach concerning the role of Ethics and Law within the ambit of the Judiciary s political activity. We intend to demonstrate that the Judiciary does not always act in the strict observance of ethical and legal principles when it comes to the political activity of disciplinary control against judges. We therefore selected a case, which took place a few years ago in the Judiciary of the State of São Paulo and was rather controversial interna corporis, in which several possible violations of ethical-legal principles might be found. Finally we outline that the purpose of the this work is not to generalize, but yet to show that it is easier to find such problems in the course of an administrative process of disciplinary control than in a judicial process
O presente trabalho foi elaborado com a finalidade de efetuarmos uma abordagem crítica em relação à questão da incidência da Ética e do Direito na esfera da atividade político-disciplinar do Poder Judiciário. De fato, de acordo com o que pretendemos demonstrar, na atuação política de controle disciplinar (respectivamente a magistrados) o Poder Judiciário algumas vezes não atua com o mesmo rigor, na observância de preceitos éticos e legais, que emprega em sua atividade jurisdicional. Bem por isso, selecionamos um caso ocorrido há poucos anos na magistratura paulista, que causou certo rumor interna corporis, daí o interesse em abordá-lo, no qual podem ser questionados diversos aspectos éticos-legais verificados. Por fim, entendemos aqui também oportuno destacar que o objetivo do trabalho não é generalizar, mas apenas demonstrar que é mais fácil encontrar esse tipo de problema num processo disciplinar do que num processo judicial
32
Rämgård, Östlund Stefan. "Två avböner & en revolt i syndarnas teater : En studie i apologia och kriskommunikation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för retorik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172854.
Full text
33
Kadem, Sabine. "Le droit du plus faible comme principe d'interprétation judiciaire en droit civil de la personne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0104.
Full textAbstract:
La faiblesse est partout et touche tout le monde. Lorsqu’elle se trouve dévoilée serévèle la vulnérabilité. Et c’est dans ce moment là que la faiblesse doit être qualifiéejuridiquement. Or comme toute qualification, elle doit obéir à des règles. Ces règles s’imposentà la présente étude comme premier fondement analytique. C’est en effet en partant du droitprivé, celui de la personne, que de premières règles garantissant les droits de « l’Homme »peuvent être identifiées. Celles-ci ont pour objet ce qui fait l’être humain, dans sa faiblesse.Elles en donnent une forme de définition, juridique, mais sans toute la profondeur d’uneapproche autrement que systémique, voire parfois systématique, au sens d’une régulationadministrativiste des droits. C’est aux entrecroisements théoriques, qui fondent la règle dedroit, que l’on peut saisir des hypothèses faisant être la règle de droit. Toutefois, c’est dans lapensée sous-jacente, que seul un langage de philosophie du droit saura révéler, le lieu où lafaiblesse trouvera sa correspondance la plus exigeante. Là elle rejoint les langagesontologique et métaphysique, qui font qu’elle « existe » au-delà de toute qualification juridique.D’une approche de philosophie du droit on retiendra donc que le droit du plus faible obéit àplusieurs règles communes, relevant d’une forme d’universalité, et que celles-ci peuventtrouver une véritable traduction en droit positif. C’est une forme de typologie de la faiblesseque l’on retrouve le plus souvent en pratique dans le discours du juge. C’est en invoquant lasentence du juge, dans sa souveraine interprétation judiciaire, que la faiblesse prend sadernière forme, celle que la personne se doit d’accepter pour faire valoir un droitThe weakness is everywhere and affects everybody. When she is revealed, showsitself the vulnerability. A this moment she must be legally qualified. Yet, as any qualification,her has to obey rules. So these impose upon the present study as first analytica l foundation.Indeed while leaving of the private law, that of the person, of first rules guaranteeing the rightsof " the Man " can be identified. These have for object what makes the human being, in hisweakness, in a way gives a shape of definition, legal, but without all the depth of an approachthan what systematism, even sometimes systematic, in the sense of a regulation“administrativiste” rights. It is in the theoretical intertwinings, that base the legal rule, whichwe can seize with hypotheses making the legal rule be. However, it is in the underlyingthought, that only a language of philosophy of the right/law will know how to reveal, that theweakness will find its most demanding correspondence. There she joins the ontological andmetaphysical languages, which make that she "exists". Of an approach of philosophy of theright/law we shall thus retain that the right of the weakest obeys several common rules, andbeing of a shape of universality, and that these can find a real translation in substant ive law. Itis a shape of typology of the weakness that we find most of the time in practice in the speechof the judge. While calling upon the judgment of the judge, in his ruler judicial interpretation,the weakness take its last shape, the one that the person owes accept to assert to right a“right”
34
Payà, Sánchez Montserrat. "Avaluació del judici moral en l'educació secundària obligatòria: disseny d'un currículum d'educació moral per al primer cicle de l'ESO." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670514.
Full textAbstract:
Conjuntamente con la propuesta curricular de educación moral para las edades 12-14 años - propuesta que se fundamenta tanto en su marco teórico, como en el proceso seguido de cara a su elaboración -, se pretende profundizar en el juicio moral y en el dit (Rest, 1990) como instrumento de evaluación del mismo por lo que respecta a las edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 años.
Para ello fue necesario traducir y adaptar el instrumento en cuestión a la población española como tarea previa al estudio del juicio moral en jóvenes de Barcelona de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 años en situación de educación formal.
Los resultados obtenidos apuntan hacia una educación del instrumento como herramienta de investigación también en estas edades iniciales de aplicación.
35
Leivas, Paulo Gilberto Cogo. "A correção e a fundamentação de decisões jurídicas, em bases pragmático-universais, na aplicação do direito de igualdade geral." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143354.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamentação e a correção de decisões jurídicas na aplicação do direito de igualdade geral exigem o cumprimento das regras e formas do discurso jurídico fundado em bases pragmático-universais. As viradas lingüística e pragmática, por obra de Frege, Wittgenstein e Peirce, fundaram os alicerces de uma teoria dos atos de fala, de Austin e Searle, de uma teoria da argumentação, de Toulmin, e de uma teoria comunicativa e discursiva da verdade e correção, em Habermas. A ética procedimentalista e cognitivista habermasiana reconstrói o princípio da universabilidade em trajes discursivos. Alexy enuncia um conceito não-positivista e inclusivo da moral fundamentado na pretensão de correção jurídica e argúi a tese do discurso jurídico como caso especial do discurso prático geral. Uma decisão jurídica correta deve ser justificada com base nas regras e formas da justificação interna e externa do discurso. A fundamentação das decisões por meio de argumentos de princípios coloca a exigência da aplicação do preceito da proporcionalidade. As dogmáticas e jurisprudências alemã e brasileira, na aplicação do direito de igualdade geral, utilizam inicialmente uma fórmula da proibição da arbitrariedade ou correlação lógica, da qual resulta uma vinculação fraca do legislador, e passam a adotar uma fórmula baseada na proporcionalidade, com uma vinculação severa do legislador, especialmente quando há tratamento desigual de indivíduos com características especiais elencadas na Constituição. A racionalidade de uma decisão que se utiliza da estrutura da proporcionalidade depende da justificação externa de cada uma das premissas usadas na justificação interna. Há uma relação necessária entre discurso jurídico, proporcionalidade e dogmáticas dos direitos fundamentais.The justification and correction of legal decisions in the application of general equality principle demands the fullfilment of rules and forms of legal discourse founded on a universal-pragmatic basis. The linguistic and pragmatic turn, by Frege, Wittgenstein, and Peirce, established the foundations of a theory of speech acts, by Austin and Searle, of a theory of reasoning, by Toulmin, and a communicative and discoursive theory on truth and correctness in Habermas. The habermasian proceduralism and cognitivism ethics reconstructs the principle of universability in discoursive ways. Alexy states a non-positivistic and moral inclusive concept of law grounded in the claim to legal correction and argues that the legal discourse must be understood as a special case of general practical discourse. A correct legal decision must be justified on the rules and forms of internal and external justification of discourse. The justification for the decisions by means of arguments of principle sets the demand of applying the partial requirements of proportionality. German and Brazilian legal theory and jurisprudence, in applying the right to general equality, apply initially a formula of prohibition of arbitrary and correlational logic, where there is a weak attachment of the legislature, and start adopting a formula based on proportionality, where there is severe attachment of the legislature, especially in the case of discrimination against individuals with special features listed in the Constitution. The rationality of a decision which uses the structure of proportionality depends on the external justification of each of the premises used in the internal justification. There is a necessary link between proportionality, legal discourse and fundamental rights legal theory.
36
Silveira, Susana Amaral. "Acordos incentivados: uma contribuição britânica nos caminhos buscados pelo Judiciário brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-21062011-095728/.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho propôs-se a investigar a conveniência e a possibilidade de introdução, no ordenamento brasileiro, de iniciativas à semelhança dos pre-action protocols (Protocolos) e da Part 36 Offer (Oferta) do direito inglês, em vigor desde o advento das Civil Procedure Rules, em 1999. Aqueles, uma espécie de procedimento que se desenrola antes do processo judicial, incentivando o diálogo e a troca de informações e produção de prova entre as partes, cujo descumprimento importaria a incidência de multa; esta, uma oferta de acordo cuja rejeição ou aceitação traria consigo conseqüências patrimoniais às partes envolvidas na controvérsia, também representada pela aplicação de uma (outra) multa. Embora não indissociáveis, acredita-se que, juntos, potencializam-se mutuamente. Observaram-se os efeitos práticos da experiência inglesa, contemplando seus pontos fortes e fracos, chegando-se a um balanço positivo. Justificados os méritos dos institutos, entendeu-se possível a implantação de sistemática semelhante no Brasil, feitos certos ajustes. Observou-se, ainda, que um dos grandes méritos dos protocolos é a promoção do acordo informado, não do acordo motivado principalmente pela ineficiência e pela demora na prestação jurisdicional. Assim, propôs-se a elaboração de protocolos, preferindo-se os específicos ao genérico, incutindo na população e nos operadores do direito a cultura do diálogo e da cooperação na troca de informações. Observaram-se, ainda, os efeitos que a conduta das partes no desenrolar do protocolo geraria dentro do processo. Propôs-se, ainda, a introdução do que se chamaria de OPAc Oferta Potencializada de Acordo, à semelhança da Oferta inglesa, mas com conseqüências patrimoniais (multa) calculadas sobre a diferença apurada entre a OPAc e a condenação final, no processo, como forma de criar incentivos suficientes, mas não opressivos.This paper seeks to investigate the desirability and the possibility of introducing, in the Brazilian law, initiatives such as the pre-action protocols (\"Protocols\") and Part 36 Offer (\"Offer\") of the English law, in force since the advent of the Civil Procedure Rules in 1999. The former, a kind of procedure that takes place before the judicial proceedings, encouraging the dialogue, the exchange of information and the disclosure of evidence between the parties, and which failure results in the application of a fine; the latter, a settlement offer which rejection or acceptance would entail financial consequences to the parties to the dispute, also represented by the application of a (another) fine. Although not inseparable, it is believed that, taken together, Protocols and Offer enhance each others effects. The analysis of the practical results of the British experience, considering its strengths and weaknesses, led to a positive balance. Once the merits of those mechanisms have been justified, the implementation in Brazil of a similar systematic provided certain adjustments are undertaken was considered possible. It was also observed that one of the great values of the Protocols is promoting well-informed agreements, instead of settlements mainly motivated by the inefficiency and delay of adjudication. Thus, the drafting of protocols was proposed, preferably the specific over the generic ones, introducing to the people as well as to the legal community a culture of dialogue and cooperation in the exchange of information and evidence. The effects that the conduct of the parties while following the Protocol would generate in the judicial proceedings were also analyzed. Moreover, we proposed the introduction of the so-called OPAc - Oferta Potencializada de Acordo (Enhanced Settlement Offer) - similar, in its concept, to the British Offer, albeit bearing financial consequences (fines) calculated over the difference between the OPAc and the amount as per the decision handed down by the judge, in order to create sufficient - but not oppressive - incentives.
37
Richard, Gwennaëlle. "La motivation par le juge judiciaire." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0005.
Full textAbstract:
Objet connu de la recherche juridique, sujet à la mode, la motivation n'a pourtant pas livré tous ses mystères, lien éthéré entre le processus décisionnel, avec lequel on voudrait parfois la confondre, et l'instrumentum du jugement, auquel elle ne peut se réduire. Propulsée sur le devant de la scène par les (r)évolutions de la place du juge dans notre ordre social et processuel, elle est marquée d'une ambigüité essentielle. Envisagée comme un devoir, la motivation apparaît comme un processus de légitimation interne et externe de la décision du juge judiciaire, dont l'aboutissement repose sur une triple vertu : vertu introspective d'abord, par laquelle le magistrat est amené, dans l'intimité de sa conscience de juge, à une réflexion renouvelée sur sa décision ; vertu processuelle, ensuite, par laquelle on s'assure du respect par le juge des droits processuels et substantiels ; vertu pédagogique enfin, marquant l'ambition d'une justice comprise et acceptée. Envisagée comme un pouvoir, la motivation est à la fois le révélateur et l'instrument de la participation du juge judiciaire à un véritable dialogue normatif et éthique, au-delà de son office strictement juridictionnel. C'est par-delà cette ambiguïté essentielle de la motivation, à la fois devoir et pouvoir, que se dévoile, entre confiance et espérances, le renouveau de la fonction du juge à l'aube du XXIème siècleThe legal basis for decisions, a well-known and fashionable subject of legal research, has yet to yield up all its secrets: it constitutes the insubstantial link between the decision-making process, with which it is sometimes confused, and the instrumentum of the judgment which cannot be regarded as its sole component. (R)evolutions in thinking concerning the position of the judge in both social and procedural contexts have propelled the question to the forefront, and its very essence is ambiguous. Initially regarded as a duty, the requirement to give a legal basis for a decision comes across as a process of internal and external legitimisation of the judge’s findings, and its finality is based upon a threefold virtue. Firstly the virtue of introspection whereby the judge is led, in the privacy of his conscience, to undertake a renewed reflection on his or her decision. Secondly the virtue of good procedure whereby the respect by the judge of procedural and substantive rights is assured. Finally, there is the pedagogical virtue of a system of justice which sets out to be understood and accepted. Initially regarded as a power, the legal basis for decisions both reveals and enables the participation of the judge in a truly normative and ethical dialogue which goes beyond the strictly jurisdictional context of his office. Thus it is through this ambiguity between duty and power which constitutes the essence of the legal basis for decisions that is heralded, at the dawn of the 21st century, in a climate of confidence and hope, the renewal of the judicial function
38
Fuziwara, Aurea Satomi. "Contribuição do assistente social para a justiça na área da infância e da juventude: o laudo social e a aplicação da lei - encontros e desencontros." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17829.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
SSO - Aurea Satomi Fuziwara.pdf: 920271 bytes, checksum: a7ef9e30728fc05d1dcfc6a4ffde8743 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006-10-20Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
From the gathered information concerning the social worker performance related to the Judicial Power, the goal of this research is to bring up the joint action of this professional in cases related to child and adolescent rights. Viewing the expressions of contemporary social issues, there is also a reflection on the science role now, approaching ideological expressions and its implications in the adopted methodologies. The reflections on instrumentality, teleology and professional ethics were inherent to the research sequence. In addition, this research is guided by an ideopolitical horizon. This set of elements appears in the lines, which support this analysis. In relation to the field research, jurisprudential cases were elected, in which conformed conflicts are expressed in a civil action. Among the cases judged in ten years (1991 to 2001), an intentional sample with significant cases was extracted. Eight cases were wholly studied and three cases presented in detail due to their complexity and for the study relevance. It is affirmed that law professionals acknowledge the importance of the social worker performance because it supplies them with data to support their performance, so the research brought up the elements used in this way. Also, oriented through a criticalpropositive prospective, it identified some fragilities. Therefore, the study makes evident some clues for a professional exercise that contributes for not only law enforcement, but also mainly for decisions which are the most beneficial in order to bring into effect social justice and rights
A partir do conhecimento acumulado sobre a atuação do assistente social junto ao Poder Judiciário, a pesquisa buscou levantar a contribuição deste profissional nos casos relacionados ao direito da criança e do adolescente. Frente às expressões da questão social contemporânea, também refletiu sobre o papel da ciência na contemporaneidade, abordando as expressões ideológicas e suas implicações nas metodologias adotadas. As reflexões sobre instrumentalidade, teleologia e ética profissional foram inerentes ao percurso da pesquisa. Há, inclusive, um horizonte ideopolítico que orienta este pesquisar. Esse conjunto de elementos se mostra nas linhas de sustentam esta análise. Para a pesquisa de campo, elegeram-se casos jurisprudenciais, em que se expressam conflitos conformados num processo judicial. Do conjunto de casos julgados em dez anos (1991 a 2001) extraiu-se uma amostra intencional, com casos significativos. Numa reavaliação, oito casos foram estudados integralmente e três casos apresentados em detalhes, por sua complexidade e sua relevância para o estudo. Afirma-se que os operadores do Direito reconhecem a importância do trabalho do assistente social para subsidiar sua atuação, e a pesquisa, então, levantou os elementos que foram utilizados com esse fim. Pautado num olhar crítico-propositivo, identificou algumas fragilidades. Assim, o estudo evidencia algumas pistas para um exercício profissional que contribua não apenas para a aplicação das leis, mas, principalmente, para que as decisões sejam as mais benéficas para a efetivação de direitos e da justiça social
39
Tello, Brugal Joan. "Joan Lluís Vives's "Introductio ad sapientiam": Critical Edition and Philosophical Study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673932.
Full textAbstract:
Breaking new ground in advancing the work and thought of the Renaissance humanist Joan Lluís Vives (1492/3-1540), this dissertation includes the following materials: (1) an updated state of investigation in Vivesian studies; (2) a vindication of Vives as a philosopher rather than a pedagogue; (3) the first critical edition of the Introductio ad sapientiam (1524), his second most disseminated work; (4) an explanation of the philosophical content of the Introductio ad sapientiam through an exploration of three key aphorisms (numbers 1, 200 and 604) that shed light on items overlooked by previous scholarship; and, last but not least, (5) a probe into the meaning of the term animus through the lens of eleven Classical Latin and Renaissance authors.Aquesta tesi doctoral obre nous camins per avançar en l’estudi de l’obra i del pensament de l’humanista renaixentista Joan Lluís Vives (1492/3-1540), i inclou els materials següents: (1) un estat actualitzat de la investigació en els estudis vivesians; (2) una reivindicació de Vives com a filòsof més que no pas com a pedagog; (3) la primera edició crítica de la Introductio ad sapientiam (1524), la seva segona obra més difosa; (4) una explicació del contingut filosòfic de la Introductio ad sapientiam a través de l’anàlisi de tres aforismes clau (números 1, 200 i 604) que fan llum sobre temes desatesos per estudis anteriors; i, finalment, (5) una indagació sobre el significat del terme animus a través d’onze autors llatins clàssics i renaixentistes.
40
Chang, Sheng-hsin, and 張升星. "Professional Ethics and Civil Liability of Judicial Speech." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90865313238218586287.
Full textAbstract:
博士東吳大學
法律學系
100
In the litigation process, the judge, prosecutor, and the attorney all possess legal professional knowledge, but they interpret each case differently due to their distinct standpoint. The statements made by those legal experts vary substantially; this phenomena results from the judicial assignments in the litigation. Since the technology of the mass media has developed significantly in the 21st century, communication channels like the press, social networks, internet and the electronic media further strengthen the media’s influence, which gives the media the power of dominating public value preference and manipulating public policies. Inevitably, interaction among the judge, prosecutor and attorney goes beyond the courtroom. The judge, prosecutor and attorney, whether voluntarily or not, may all comment on specific cases outside the courtroom, either to win the case or to interpret the legal reasoning. These comments are referred to as “judicial speech”, which is also known as “extrajudicial statement”. “Extrajudicial statement” involves the value of judicial ethics. For example, whether it is right for the judge, prosecutor and attorney to exercise the freedom of speech to justify their “extrajudicial statement”? If yes, where is the limit? What is the standard of review and civil liability? All these questions contain conflicts and compromises, which requires further academic research. Therefore, how to strike a balance between “freedom of speech” and “fair trial” will be an important yet difficult issue. This dissertation focuses on the judicial ethics of “extrajudicial statement” and its civil liability. PartⅠoutlines the motive, purpose and approach of the research. Part Ⅱexplores the legitimacy of “extrajudicial statement”, Part Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ introduce judicial ethics regarding “extrajudicial statement” and the legal practices from the prospective of the judge, attorney and prosecutor respectively. Moreover, it argues that the relevant elements of extrajudicial statements should be adjusted while applying to Taiwan’s legal environment. Part Ⅵ analyzes the civil liability of the “extrajudicial statement”. Part Ⅶ concludes that the appropriate norm of judicial ethics must be based on the local culture and history background.
41
Chen, Li-Fen, and 陳麗芬. "Research on Legal System of Judicial Ethics Regulations." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77522274808518041437.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
100
The question of whether a judicial system will work smoothly depends greatly on the quality of its participants: the judges, prosecutors, and the attorneys. For this reason, post-WWII Japan referred to the above three participants as the “three arms of justice”. The demand for legal ethics originated from mala fide acts committed by legal professionals that violated the nature of their public service. Due to the special nature of a judge’s role, the professional ethics of a judge place particular emphasis on the requirements of independence and fairness. Many factors detrimentally affect the independent decision-making of a judge; amongst them, “corruption” is a concept that has been widely applied in recent years. The author of this thesis considers that the definition and forms of judicial corruption cannot be determined purely from the perspective of whether a crime has been committed. The concept of “judicial corruption” should include any abuse of power or improper act that seeks to derive a personal, illegal gain in any form for the judge him/herself or any other person, that departs from the ideas of judicial fairness and results in a detrimental effect on the judicial system. The provisions of the “United Nations Convention Against Corruption” (UNCAC) demonstrate that the formulation of codes of conduct governing personnel of judicial authorities is not only a feasible means of solving judicial corruption, but is also an international obligation placed upon all member countries by the contemporary international community. According to the “2010/2011 Global Corruption Barometer” released by Transparency International, 42% of the Taiwanese public believe that corruption is most serious amongst the judicial authorities, in comparison to the other departments being evaluated. By examining the cases of affirmed disciplinary action against judges from the period of 1992 to June 2011, the author of this thesis has found that the types of violations committed by judges are mostly negligence, laziness, and lack of proper care in investigations, followed by inappropriate social relationships and financial management. There were also a number of judges who were suspended or permanently dismissed, due to their having severely damaged the fair and honest image of a judge. Therefore, it is indeed necessary for Taiwan to work towards formulating an enforceable code of conduct governing judicial authority personnel, and to implement such code. Presently there are two different international trends in the development of a judges’ code of ethics: one is the mandatory demand for compliance through sanctions; the other is voluntary compliance by judges based on their internally held beliefs. Under Taiwan’s Judges Act, the Judicial Yuan was authorized to issue the Code of Conduct for Judges, after seeking the opinion of the national judges’ representatives, and judges are mandatorily required to comply with this Code. A serious violation of the Code will result in an evaluation; disciplinary action will be imposed under several circumstances if necessary. This shows that Taiwan has followed the first trend. Based on past experience, it is indeed necessary to formulate a judicial conduct code and to equip it with mandatory effect. However, there is also another serious and important issue of how to strike a balance between a code of conduct for judges, and the fundamental rights of judges. The United States was the first country to impose a code of judicial conduct, which is also the most comprehensive. In Asia, Japan and Hong Kong have also been considered to demonstrate relatively high degrees of judicial honesty. This thesis seeks to examine the Code of Conduct for Judges of Taiwan by studying and comparing the codes of judicial conduct of the United States, Japan and Hong Kong, as well as their records of violations, from the perspectives of the fundamental principles of such codes, the carrying out of judicial powers and duties, and activities outside the scope of duties. It is hoped that such a study will uncover and supplement any uncertainties or inadequacies in Taiwan’s existing Code of Conduct for Judges, so that it may serve as a basis for future interpretation of uncertainties, and as a reference for legal amendment by the relevant authorities.
42
Yeh, yung-liang, and 葉永亮. "A Study of Internal Cotrolled Management Fuctions of the Department of Government Ethics of the Judicial Yuan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15856703770328020962.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
管理碩士在職專班
104
Major corruption cases constantly came up since 2005 which was shocked society and threatened the government’s image. The cases caused crisis of citizens’ trust and damaged the government’s image. Despite the evolution of history, the level of economic development, constitutional structure, the competitive power in a country, corruption---- the problem has been existed for a long time. For constitutional structure of free democracy, domestic economy, and constitutional law, it will be a danger certainly. Under the trend of anticorruption, evaluation of incorruptible policy becomes global issue. “Honest and Upright” is the core of value for the government of Taiwan. The incorruptible policy is related to the competitive power which is also a base of citizens’ trust and expectation for the government. Reflected Corruption Perceptions Index in Taiwan, the government’s image evaluation for around 4 years( 2011,2012 and 2013, 2014) which ranked the 32th , 37th and 36th ,35th, and graded the score was 61, 61 and 61, 61; the rank hasn’t advanced yet. Compared with the high-end Honest and Upright in Singapore and Hong Kong, our country has still a lot of space to improve. If it gets back citizens’ trust, the government needs to expand hard on fighting corruption, and continuous enforcing “fighting corruption, anticorruption, re-fighting corruption” to build “zero-tolerance corruption” in society. The establishment of the Agency Against Corruption (hereby referred to as AAC for abbreviation) under the Ministry of Justice since July 20, 2011. During 4 years, AAC was provided with the prevention and investigation of the professional anticorruption institution which implements corruptive policy; it’s mainly to anticorruption and provided against corruption and assistance with fighting corruption. Whether gain the support and reliance from people effectively or not, the study was focused on why Corruption Perceptions Index hasn’t been improved until now. Take New Zealand, France, Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong’s incorruptible management experience as examples, enhancing the efficiency of the judicial system, integrated the theory and practical suggestion, it was expected to offer political instruction and concrete proposal to be reference resources. Keywords：Judicial Yuan﹐Agency Against Corruption﹐Department of Government Ethics﹐Anticorruption﹐fighting corruption
43
Yu, Shih-Ming, and 余世銘. "The Study of Quality of Working Life and Organization Commitment ofCivil Service Ethic Personnel -The Sample of Judicial Yuan and Its Affiliated Civil Service Ethics Organization." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4eb55t.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺東大學
區域政策與發展研究所
96
The purpose of this research is to understand the situation of quality of working life and organization commitment of civil service ethic personnel of Judicial Yuan and its affiliated civil service ethic organization. It discusses the differences of personal property between working life and organization commitment and the relationship between working life and organization commitment. It also provides advices for controlling organization to improve the quality of working life and organization commitment of civil service ethic personnel to increase organization efficiency. Questionnaire survet method is employed in this research while it makes use of Judicial Yuan and its affiliated civil service ethic personnel as its subjects of research. There are 88 copies of questionnaire sent out and 85 copies are valid. As a whole, the retrieval rate is 97%. The content of questionnaire includes the scale for quality of working life, scale for organization commitment of employee and personal information. It uses statistic software SPSS for Windows 12.0 Chinese version to analyze these data. Descriptive statistics analysis, t-Test, One way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple-regression analysis are used to process these information. The results are as follows: 1. An average of 71.10% of Judicial Yuan and its affiliated civil service ethic personnel present their degree of satisfaction about quality of working life. The degree of satisfaction with “working environment” is the highest among all factors (78%), and others in order are: “working satisfaction (75%),” “job duty (72%),” ”welfare (70.6%),” “job dignity (68%)” and “promotion and evaluation (52%).” 2. An average of 74.35% of Judicial Yuan and its affiliated civil service ethic personnel has shown their agreement on organization commitment. Out of all the factors, it is found that “making promise diligently” has the highest rate (83.70%), while “promise of job retention” has the second high rate (71.68%). 3. Different backgrounds of civil service ethic personnel have shown different degree of perceptions about quality of working life. Among all the factors, age and educational background have the most obvious difference. 4. Different backgrounds of civil service ethic personnel have shown different degree of perceptions about organization commitment. Among all the factors, the age service seniority and training lessons have the most obvious difference. 5. Between the quality of working life and the organization commitment, their factors are all positive related except for the factor of working surroundings. 6. In the aspect of the quality of working life, it is found that employees have a 75.3% of predicting power to “promise of job retention” regarding the factors of “job dignity” and “job duty”; There is a 45.2% of predicting power to “making promise diligently” regarding the factors of “quality of working life” and “job duty”; There is a 75.2% of predicting power to organization commitment regarding the factors of “job dignity” and ”job duty”. According to the research and statistic analysis, suggestions are presented as follows: 1. Organization system: Builing an honest government and establish a supervisory system; Establishing a system to activate the ethic of government. 2. Administrative management: Set up prospect and encourage personnel to get involve with decision making; Delegating power properly and taking advantage of team building; Organization learning and promote professional skills; Building a fair evaluating system, and reward personnel properly. 3. Personal: establish positive thinking and keep an attitude of learning; promote personal value and view civil service as an ideal career.
44
Moabelo, Kgorohlo Micro. "Inconsistency in judicial decisions : the right to life in perspective." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18631.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation critically examines and compares the decisions of the
Constitutional Court and the High Courts in cases dealing with the right to life, as
contained in section 11 of the Constitution of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. The
dissertation analysis the issues of adjudication and the concept of justice in
perspective. The main question is as follows: Are the Constitutional Court
decisions objective, based on the interpretation of the constitutional text, or do they
rather reflect the individual judge(s) personal perspective(s) or preference(s).
The purpose of this dissertation is to undertake a comparative study and analysis
of the Constitutional Court decisions on the right to life, same aspect from different
perspective, and show that the right to life is not given proper effect to on account
of the subjective approach to its interpretation undertaken by the judges.
It examines and scrutinises the Constitutional Court’s adjudication process. It found
that the law is indeterminable, because the court’s decisions are not based on the
interpretation of the law, but on the individual judges’ background and personal
preferences. This is so because the court uses the majority rule principle in its
decisions: The perception of the majority of the judges becomes a decision of the
court. It is argued that when taking a decision a judge does not apply the law but
instead uses the law to justify his predetermined decision on the matter. The
conclusion supports the critical legal scholars’ theory relating to the indeterminacy
of the law. It tests the objectivity of the judges using their own previous decisions.Criminal & Procedural Law
LLM
45
Thorley, Dane Ross. "Essays on Courts, Randomization, and Experiments." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-29vn-9z54.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation comprises three chapters that explore and expand on the use of experimentation and randomization in the study of courts, judges, and the law:
Chapter 1: This Chapter reviews the two most prominent procedural approaches to addressing judicial conflicts of interest in U.S. courts—judicial self-recusal and in-court disclosure. These procedural approaches fail to account for the legal and institutional dynamics that surround the relationship between judges, attorneys, and the adjudicative process. I argue that judges do not recuse themselves, that attorneys will not ask them to, and that if we understand both the legal and extra-legal incentives at play in these decisions, this should not surprise us. The shortcomings of recusal and disclosure are particularly salient in the context of judicial campaign finance, where judges often face the acute dilemma of being assigned to preside over cases in which one of the parties or attorneys has contributed to their election campaign.
To support these claims, Chapter 1 presents the results of a randomized field experiment which I identify active Wisconsin and Texas civil cases that feature donor-attorneys. The experiment randomly assigns a portion of the judges presiding over these cases to receive a letter from an NGO identifying the potential conflict and requesting recusal. The empirical results support the growing skepticism surrounding judicial self-recusal and raise doubts that judicial disclosure is an efficacious remedy. Building on these results, the Chapter explores two potential alternatives—one procedural and one institutional—that better account for the realities of judicial conflicts of interest and the incentives of court actors.
Chapter 2: This Chapter contributes to the growing literature challenging the general assumption of and reliance on random judicial assignment by identifying common court procedures and practices that threaten unbiased causal inference. These “de-randomizing” events, including differing probabilities of assignment, post-assignment judicial changes, non-random missingness, and non-random assignment itself, should be accounted for when making causal claims but are commonly either ignored or not even recognized by researchers utilizing random judicial assignment. The Chapter explores how these de-randomizing events violate the key empirical assumptions underlying randomized studies and offers methodological solutions and presents original data from a survey of the 30 largest U.S. state-level criminal courts, outlining their assignment protocols and identifying the extent to which they feature the de-randomizing events described.
Chapter 3: In Williams-Yulee v. The Florida Bar (2015), the Supreme Court ruled that a Florida law banning direct campaign solicitation by judicial candidates was not a violation of the First Amendment. In doing so, the majority relied on several untested empirical claims, including the assertion that direct solicitation has a distinctly stronger impact on the public’s confidence in the judiciary than indirect solicitation. This chapter provides a short but focused evaluation of these empirical claims. A nationally-representative survey experiment presents subjects with a hypothetical vignette in which a state trial-level judge runs for election and utilizes one of various campaign fundraising tactics. The survey then presents subjects with questions relating to the trust and legitimacy that they associate with both the judicial system presented in the vignette and their actual state- and federal-level government institutions. The results suggest that the public does not discern any significant difference between direct and indirect judicial solicitation but does see other judicial campaign features (promises of recusal and the amount of the donations) as salient in regard to trust and legitimacy. These findings are at odds with the empirical assumptions that the majority relied upon in the Williams-Yulee decision and highlight the value that survey experiments can play in evaluating empirical claims made by the Supreme Court.
46
Theron, Antoine. "Teonome epistemologiese oorwegings by grondwetuitleg." Diss., 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16187.
Full textAbstract:
This article considers the nature of interpretation as important question in constitutional
interpretation from a theonomic epistemological perspective. Theonomic epistemology is
summarily described. The modem language philosophy's view of the nature of interpretation
is then investigated, after which a theonomic definition of interpretation and hermeneutics is
suggested. Different approaches to interpretation commonly found in legal practice are
evaluated on the basis of the suggested definition. The theonomic approach is then applied to
another issue in constitutional interpretation, the nature of the judicial function, and broad
guidelines are given for the practical application of theonomic epistemological considerations.Hierdie artikel ondersoek die wese van interpretasie as belangrike vraagstuk by grondwetuitleg vanuit die perspektief van die teonome epistemologie. Die teonome epistemologie word oorsigtelik beskryf. Die modeme taalfilosofie se beskouing van interpretasie word dan behandel, waama 'n teonome definisie van interpretasie en hermeneutiek voorgestel word. Die verskillende uitlegbenaderings wat algemeen in die praktyk voorkom, word aan die hand van die voorgestelde definisie geevalueer. Vervolgens word die teonome benadering op 'n ander vraagstuk van grondwetuitleg - die aard van die regterlike funksie - toegepas, en word bree riglyne vir toepassing van teonome epistemologiese oorwegings in die praktyk van regspraak gegee.
Department of Constitutional International & Indigenous Law
LL.M.
47
Mutabazi, Etienne. "The United Nations ad hoc Tribunals' effectivenesss in prosecuting international crimes." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14130.
Full textAbstract:
During the 1990s Yugoslavia and Rwanda were swept by wars accompanied by serious violations of international humanitarian law. Grave and severe crimes wiped away lives and destroyed properties. The United Nations Security Council determined that the violations committed constituted threats to international peace and security, declaring itself empowered to take action. It established international ad hoc criminal tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda with the mandate of prosecuting individuals responsible for those crimes as an enforcement measure under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. Investigating the tribunals’ effectiveness enables one to assess whether they achieved the anticipated outcomes based on the tribunals’ mission, goals, and objectives without creating other problems.
The research relies on naturalism and positivism to put the tribunals in a moral and ethical perspective. By examining how the tribunals were established, their objectives, the investigation and prosecution processes, the reliance on guilty plea and judicial notice and the imputation of criminal responsibility by applying joint criminal enterprise and command responsibility doctrines; the study argues that prosecution has not been an effective tool as contemplated by the Security Council.
An analytical and comparative review of various domestic and international legal resources helped to provide an insightful approach for an effective prosecution of international crimes. Credible, legitimate and legal judicial institutions in which professional judges and prosecutors discharge their function independently, impartially and are accountable may achieve justice for the victims of international crimes. Ad hoc tribunals failed to thoroughly investigate and assume the dual role of prosecution. They conveniently used legal procedural tools that fit petty domestic crimes; unfortunately demeaning the magnitude of international crimes of concern. Criminal responsibility was mostly imputed without properly scrutinising the legality, extent, actual participation and guilty mind of the alleged perpetrators. Effectiveness should be a value assessment. Imposed and overburdened ad hoc tribunals are inappropriate and should be abandoned.Public, Constitutional, & International
LLD
48
Chang, WenChi, and 張雯琪. "The Study of Differentiation Between Administrative Investigation and Judicial Investigation: Refer to Government Ethic Department Official Authority as Main Focus." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/898k6z.
Full text
49
Д'ячков, Дмитро Сергійович. "Принципи організації та діяльності прокуратури України в умовах її реформування." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11300/10683.
Full textAbstract:
Д’ячков Д.С. Принципи організації та діяльності прокуратури України в умовах її реформування: дис.. … канд. юрид. наук. Одеса, 2018. 225 с.Дисертацію присвячено комплексному дослідженню питань принципів організації та діяльності прокуратури України в умовах її реформування. З’ясовано генезис принципів організації та діяльності прокуратури, визначено основні завдання судово-правової реформи щодо реформування прокуратури, теоретичну основу для розуміння поняття принципів організації та діяльності прокуратури, змісту окремих принципів. Зроблено висновок щодо доцільності диференціації принципів організації та діяльності прокуратури як єдиного поняття на принципи організації та принципи діяльності прокуратури. Сформульовано власну систему принципів організації та діяльності прокуратури. Значної уваги присвячено дослідженню змісту окремих принципів організації та діяльності прокуратури, роль та місце кожного з принципів у системі принципів прокуратури. За наслідками дослідження зроблено низку нових наукових висновків щодо принципів організації та діяльності прокуратури, розроблено та надано пропозиції щодо удосконалення норм чинного законодавства України про прокуратуру.
Диссертация посвящена комплексному исследованию вопроса принципов организации и деятельности прокуратуры Украины в условиях ее реформирования. Установлено, что основной задачей современного этапа реформирования прокуратуры является интеграция ее в судебную ветвь власти, которая осуществляется путем реформирования функциональных и организационных основ прокуратуры. Результатам проведенного в Украине реформирования функциональных основ прокуратуры является лишение ее функции надзора за соблюдением и применением законов, трансформация функции представительства интересов гражданина или государства в суде, задекларировано лишение прокуратуры функции досудебного расследования в будущем. Результатам проведенного реформирования организационных основ прокуратуры является сокращение количества органов и штатной численности работников, создание Специализированной антикоррупционной прокуратуры, внедрение конкурсных начал в замещении должностей прокуроров, введение института прокурорского самоуправления. На основании изучения классификаций принципов организации и деятельности прокуратуры выделены общие принципы, которые распространяются на все отношения по организации и деятельности прокуратуры (принципы верховенства права, законности, демократизма, гуманизма), принципы организации прокуратуры, касающиеся построения прокуратуры (принцип системности построения органов прокуратуры, принцип конкурсного замещения должностей прокуроров, принцип прокурорского самоуправления, принцип прозрачности организации прокуратуры) и принципы деятельности прокуратуры. Последние представляют собой подсистему, в которую входят общие принципы деятельности прокуратуры (принципы осуществления функций прокуратуры исключительно прокурором, независимости прокурора при осуществлении функций прокуратуры, политической нейтральности прокуроров при осуществлении ими функций прокуратуры, недопустимости незаконного вмешательства прокуратуры в деятельность органов законодательной, исполнительной и судебной власти, неуклонного соблюдения прокурором требований профессиональной этики и поведения), принципы деятельности прокуратуры в сфере уголовно-процессуальных правоотношений (принципы презумпции невиновности и несменяемости прокурора в сфере уголовного производства) и принципы деятельности прокуратуры во внеуголовном судопроизводстве (принципы обоснованности обращения прокурора в суд с иском в интересах государства и процессуального равноправия прокурора во внеуголовном судопроизводстве с другими участниками процесса, их равенства перед судом). Указанная классификация положена в основу исследования в диссертации каждого из определенных принципов. Усовершенствовано соотношение принципа верховенства права с другими принципами организации и деятельности прокуратуры. Сделан вывод о нецелесообразности выделения справедливости в качестве самостоятельного принципа прокуратуры, поскольку справедливость как идея полностью охватывается принципом верховенства права. Принципами организации прокуратуры, которые возникли в результате ее реформирования и выделять которые предложено в работе, являются принцип конкурсного замещения должностей прокуроров и принцип прокурорского самоуправления. При исследовании правового статуса Совета прокуроров Украины как органа прокурорского самоуправления предложено формировать его исключительно из прокуроров, что объясняется понятием и признаками прокурорского самоуправления. Усовершенствованы научные положения о месте принципа осуществления функций прокуратуры исключительно прокурорами в системе принципов прокуратуры. Указанный принцип относится к принципам деятельности, а не к принципам организации прокуратуры. При исследовании принципа независимости указано на различные научные названия этого принципа. Обращено внимание на то, что определяющим и системным ядром принципа независимости является независимость прокурора при осуществлении им функций прокуратуры. Именно такое название (независимость прокурора при осуществлении функций прокуратуры) и предложено для наименования соответствующего принципа. Обоснована необходимость внедрения в законодательство принципа с соответствующим названием «принцип политической нейтральности прокуроров при осуществлении ими функций прокуратуры» как принципа деятельности прокуратуры. С целью нивелирования политической составляющей в процессе назначения Генерального прокурора предложено назначать Генерального прокурора Президентом Украины из числа лиц, рекомендованных Советом прокуроров из кандидатов, выдвинутых Всеукраинской конференцией прокуроров. Уделено внимание также характеристике принципов деятельности прокуратуры в сфере уголовного судопроизводства и принципов деятельности прокурора в сфере внеуголовного судопроизводства. По результатам исследования сделан ряд новых научных выводов о принципах организации и деятельности прокуратуры, разработаны и предоставлены предложения по совершенствованию норм действующего законодательства Украины о прокуратуре.
The purpose of the dissertation is to reach the research objective for elaborating theoretical concepts and well grounded proposals, aimed at the refinement of legal relations, dealing with the organization and activities of the Prosecutor’s Office, based on the comprehensive analysis of organizational and operational principles of the prosecution under the conditions of current reforms. It has been defined that the primary goal of the present stage in reforming the Prosecutor’s Office is its integration with the Judicial branch of power by means of reforming functional and organizational bases of the Prosecutor’s Office. While researching the classification principles for organizing the Prosecution Office activities, the author has determined the following groups of general principles, embracing the whole scope of relations, dealing with the Prosecutor’s Office activities: (rule of law, legality, humanism and democratic principles); organizational principles (systematic structure of prosecution bodies, competition among applicants for the prosecutors posts, prosecution self-government, transparency of the system); and operational principles. It has been revealed that recently adopted laws have moved towards ensuring the equality of prosecutors and other parties rights. A specific principle has been formulated, requiring sufficient grounds for going to court with a lawsuit in the interests of the state. The prosecutor is required to go to court, armed with sufficient evidence, proving violation of the state’s rights. Based on the research outcomes, the author has formulated recommendations for amending and improving laws on the Prosecution Office.