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Reilly, Mary Grace. "Evaluation of the impact created by unification of the Pennsylvania judicial system in the administration of the Thirty First Judicial District, Court of Common Pleas." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1991. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1991.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2958. Abstract precedes thesis as [1] preliminary leaf. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 44).
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Guevara, Rivera Yenny Carolina. "Recrutement, indépendance et responsabilité des magistrats en Colombie : le cas de la Cour Suprême de Justice et du Conseil Supérieur de la Judicature." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD005.
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Ce travail de recherche a pour but d'apporter des éléments théoriques ainsi que pratiques au débat sur le causes et conséquences de la politisation des deux hauts tribunaux en Colombie, à fin d'enrichir la discussion. Concrètement, cette thèse doctorale analyse la manière dont les hauts juges sont élus et les conséquences les plus visibles de ces processus de sélection. A partir d'une analyse quantitative et qualitative, cette étude explore la façon dont l'autonomie de juges est conditionnée par le processus qu'ils suivent pour être élus. Pour conclure, cette thèse se penche aussi sur l'état actuel du bilan entre l'indépendance des juges et leur responsabilité vis-à-vis de leur fonctionThis researching work intends to provide theoretical and practical elements to enrich the debate about the causes and consequences of the politicization of two high tribunals in Colombia. In fact, this doctoral project analyses the way the election of the high judges is carried out and the respective consequences of these selection processes. Throughout a quantitative and qualitative analysis, we explore the way the autonomy of the judges is conditioned by their election process. Finally, the current state of the assessment between independence and responsibility of the judges is also tackled
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Chasin, Ana Carolina da Matta. "Uma simples formalidade: estudo sobre a experiência dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis em São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-04072008-104453/.
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O trabalho apresenta um estudo acerca do Juizado Especial Cível, instituição do sistema de justiça responsável por apurar causas cíveis consideradas de menor complexidade (pequenas causas). Orientado pelos princípios de oralidade, simplicidade, informalidade, economia processual e celeridade, o juizado constitui a primeira experiência em nível nacional de informalização da justiça. Objetivando-se entender a estrutura e a dinâmica de funcionamento do juizado, dois recortes foram realizados: um cronológico e um sincrônico. No primeiro deles, é realizada uma análise da construção institucional do juizado. Partindo do contexto internacional em que se constitui o movimento de acesso à justiça, foram abordados o surgimento e a estruturação do juizado brasileiro. Sua implementação esteve condicionada à tensão entre dois elementos, que, em diferentes momentos, apareceram de modo mais ou menos acentuados: a busca de ampliação do acesso e o alívio da sobrecarga da justiça comum. Na década de 1980, o primeiro assume maior destaque; nos anos 1990, verifica-se uma inflexão e o elemento de alívio da carga judiciária progressivamente obscurece a dimensão do acesso. O segundo recorte foi a compreensão do funcionamento atual do juizado. Foram selecionadas duas unidades da cidade de São Paulo: uma situada na área central e outra na zona leste. A pesquisa observou a dinâmica de diferentes etapas processuais, atendo-se principalmente às audiências de conciliação. A análise focou a atuação dos conciliadores e dos juizes, o conteúdo das sessões e a relação entre as partes. Constatou-se que, em geral, as conciliações envolvem apenas negociações de valores, em detrimento de discussões de direito. Além disso, a assimetria das relações entre as partes destacou-se através do exame de elementos de desigualdade nos casos observados. Finalmente, apontou-se o Projeto Expressinho - resolução pré-processual de reclamações envolvendo empresas cadastradas - como exemplo das tendências postas em curso pelas propostas de reforma do sistema de justiça.This work is a study about the small claims court, the Brazilian justice system institution responsible for claims considered to be less complex (small claims). Oriented by the principles of orality, simplicity, informality, economy of proceedings and celerity, the small claims courts is the first Brazilian national experience related to the justice informalization. In order to understand the small claims court structure and its functional dynamics, two approachs were designed: a chronological one and other on synchronical basis. The first approach is an analysis of the institutional construction of the small claims courts. After examining the international context in which the access to justice movement was constituted, the study then deals with the formation and structuring of the Brazilian small claims court. Its implementation has been conditioned by the tension between two elements that, at different times, arose in more or less greater degrees of intensity: the pursuit of wider access to justice and the relief of the regular court overload. In the 1980\'s, the first element was given more emphasis, and then in the 1990\'s, there was a modification, in which the element of regular court relief progressively obscured the dimension of access to justice. The second approach of the study consists in comprehending the current small claims court\'s operation. For that two small claims court units located in the city of São Paulo were selected: one downtown and another in an eastern district of the city. The research consisted of observation of the dynamics of different procedural stages, concentrating mainly on the conciliation audience. The analysis focuses on the conciliator\'s and judge\'s performance, the subjects of the sessions and the relation between the parties. It was verified that, generally, the conciliation involves just value negotiating, regardless of rights debate. Also, the assymmetry between the parties stands out by the examination of inequalities at the observed cases. Finally, the Project \"Expressinho\" - pre-process resolution of claims, involving some registered enterprises - was pointed out as an example to demonstrate some of the trends of the justice system reform proposals.
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Sharp, Naomi. "Wrongful system rights violations and the potential of court-sponsored structural reform." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64306.pdf.
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Nownes, Anthony J., and Colin Glennon. "An Experimental Investigation of How Judicial Elections Affect Public Faith in the Judicial System." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12159.
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Judicial scholars have often speculated about the impact of elections on the administration of justice in the state courts. Yet relatively little research has concerned itself with public perceptions of state court selection methods. Of particular interest is the concept of legitimacy. Do elections negatively affect public perceptions of judicial legitimacy? Bonneau and Hall (2009) and Gibson (2012) answer this question with an emphatic “No.” Judicial elections, these studies show, are not uniquely troublesome for perceptions of institutional legitimacy. This article aims to extend the findings of Bonneau and Hall and Gibson via a laboratory experiment on the effects of elections on public perceptions of judicial legitimacy. In the end, we find that because elections preempt the use of the other main selection method—appointment—they actually enhance perceptions of judicial legitimacy rather than diminish them.
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Strother, Logan, and Colin Glennon. "Can Supreme Court Justices Go Public? The Effect of Justice Rhetoric on Judicial Legitimacy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7773.
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Moynihan, Ann Marie. "Structural Violence in the New Hampshire Family Court System: An Autoethnographic Exploration." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/88.
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The family law system effectuates case outcomes affecting the lives of parents, children, and society through court orders imposing important life decisions upon divorcing or unmarried parents, children, and post divorce families. While some cases are resolved in alternative dispute resolution forums, others enter the courtroom and judicial decisions cause unintended consequences for millions of adults and children each year. This research details a parent’s suboptimal family law system experience caused by judicial decision-making, highlighting the need to examine the causes of unintended systemic outcomes. The purpose of this research is to raise awareness and provide justification for systemic reform to prevent unintended consequences of court ordered outcomes caused by underlying structural violence. Conflicting objectives of litigants and problem solvers are investigated to determine the causes of systemic failures so recommendations for improved outcomes can be formulated. Theories of justice, civil rights, public policy, systems, structural violence, and nonviolence are integral components of this research. Applied theory in the context of the researcher’s experience highlights the need to address this social system issue while demonstrating the system intended to resolve disputes actually exacerbates conflict, resulting in more disputes. This research contributes to the literature because many litigants are unable to share their stories due to their oppressed condition within the system. This autoethnography documents the effects of a social system for conflict management gone awry and establishes a foundation to promote dialogue in support of a new way to manage disputes that is conducive to conflict resolution instead of conflict escalation.
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Pinero, Veronica B. "Transformations in the Canadian Youth Justice System. Creation of Statutes and the Judicial Waiver in Quebec." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24065.
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The objectives of this thesis were to observe how the Canadian youth justice system has dealt with the regulation of the transfer of young offenders to the adult court and how the Canadian statutes have regulated the imposition of adult offences for young offenders.
For this, I drew a distinction between two levels of observation: first, I observed the process of "creation of statutes" by the political system. Second, I observed the process of "understanding and interpretation of statutes" by the judicial system. The notion of "political system" includes the legislation enacted by Parliament, parliamentary debates, and reports published by the Government of Canada. The notion of "judicial system" includes the decisions of the Montreal Youth Court.
For the first level of observation ("creation of statutes"), I observed and analyzed the work of the political system for the period 1842 to 2012. Starting in 1857, many statutes regulated different aspects of the criminal law system as it applied to young people. The first statute to deal with youth offenders comprehensively and different from adult offenders was the Juvenile Delinquents Act (1908); this statute was replaced by the Young Offenders Act (1982). The current statute is the Youth Criminal Justice Act (2002).
With regard to the Juvenile Delinquents Act (1908) and the Young Offenders Act (1982), I observed how the political system regulated the mechanism of transferring a young person to the adult court. This mechanism allowed the youth court to decide a question of jurisdiction: whether the young person would be processed and sentenced within the youth justice system, or whether the young person would be sent to the adult court for him to be dealt with and sentenced therein. With regard to the Youth Criminal Justice Act (2002), I observed how the political system has regulated the imposition of adult sentences by the youth court. This statute replaced the mechanism of transfer under the two previous statutes by the imposition of adult sentences within the youth justice system.
For the second level of observation ("the understanding and interpretation of statutes"), I observed how the Montreal Youth Court had understood and interpreted the statutory provision that allowed the youth court to transfer a young person to the adult court for the young person to be dealt with and sentenced therein. My period of observation is from 1911 to 1995.
I argue that both the political and the judicial systems have been strongly influenced by the theories of deterrence, denunciation, retribution, and rehabilitation. The influence that each theory has exercised on each system varies. The political system, originally focused on the rehabilitation of young people, has been slowly “contaminated” by the most punitive theories, such as deterrence and denunciation. This shift started in the 70’s and slowly increased over the years. Conversely, while the judicial system does not seem to have been originally influenced by the theories of rehabilitation, its focus has slowly shifted towards this objective as the primary goal of their intervention towards young offenders since the 70’s. However, the “successful rehabilitation” of a young person has become a goal in itself, where “unsuccessful offenders” have been transferred to the adult court and dealt with the adult punitive justice system.
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Glennon, Colin, and Mikel Norris. "Indicators of Judicial Greatness: An Exploration into which Factors Influence or Predict wither Supreme Court Justices Will be Considered Historically Great." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/529.
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While rankings of presidents are quite common, rankings of Supreme Court justices are much rarer. Herein I produce one and make use of both to see if perceived greatness of one actor can effect perceptions of greatness for the other. This work examines those influences that indicate success for Supreme Court Justices by seeking to determine what the historically great justices have in common. I first develop a composite score of all the Supreme Court Justices based on the limited previous ranking research and relevant indictors to rank the Justices 1-112. Next, I examine potential indicators of such success; previous experience, personal characteristics, conformation vote, and most interestingly the perceived greatness of their appointing president. This research finds a direct relationship between perceptions of presidential greatness and perceptions of judicial quality. Overall the great Justices are statistically more likely to be appointed by a great president, consistent with the appointment literature that often describes an appointer-appointee relationship as a legacy impacting one.
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Rodenbusch, Cornel-Peter. "The Wheel of Justice: Court Procedure, Conflict Resolution and Narratives in Medieval Catalonia (950-1130)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672407.
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This doctoral thesis presents an analysis of the judicial procedure in Catalonia between the years 950 and 1130.
Catalan Archives preserve an exceptional number of documents related to justice which thanks to recent and systematic publication are now available for extensive research. Its aim is to analyse the change of legal procedure of a society in the midst of the process of feudalisation. To do so the work introduces a new method of the visualisation that allows for a detailed analysis of legal conflicts: The Wheel of Justice. The main body of the thesis is divided into three chapters that follow the inherent chronological order of court cases: Preludes, Trial and Resolution.
In the first the work deals with dimensions - the place and the date as well as the necessary prearrangements for trials. The second part focuses on the trial itself: the composition of the tribunal and its attendees and the dynamics of the courts. This chapter pays special attention to judicial ordeals and duels in the practice of conflict resolution, as well as the abandonment of trials and their political, social and legal significance. Finally, the last chapter addresses new forms of resolution to highlight changes to the system.
The thesis aims to provide new insight into the continuities and transformations that took place in Catalonia during this period, and what role the courts and the administrators of justice played as well as how these processes were narrated.Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta una anàlisi del procediment judicial a Catalunya entre els anys 950 i 1130. Els arxius catalans conserven un nombre excepcional de documents relacionats amb la justícia que gràcies a la publicació recent i sistemàtica ja estan disponibles per a una extensa investigació. El seu objectiu és analitzar el canvi de procediment legal d’una societat en ple procés de feudalització. Per fer-ho, el treball introdueix un nou mètode de visualització que permet fer una anàlisi detallada dels conflictes legals: la roda de la justícia. El cos principal de la tesi es divideix en tres capítols que segueixen l’ordre cronològic inherent dels casos judicials: preludis, judici i resolució. A la primera part, l'obra tracta de les dimensions: el lloc i la data, així com els prolegòmens necessaris per a les proves. La segona part se centra en el judici en si mateix: la composició del tribunal i els seus assistents i la dinàmica dels tribunals. Aquest capítol presta especial atenció a les proves i als duels judicials en la pràctica de la resolució de conflictes, així com a l’abandonament dels processos i la seva importància política, social i jurídica. Finalment, l'últim capítol tracta de noves formes de resolució per ressaltar els canvis al sistema. La tesi pretén donar una nova visió de les continuïtats i transformacions que es van produir a Catalunya durant aquest període, quin paper van tenir els tribunals i els administradors de justícia, així com la manera com es van narrar aquests processos.
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Davis, Mildred Ann. "Understanding Sexual Assault Survivors' Willingness to Participate in the Judicial System." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2094.
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This dissertation examined the relationship between support services for adult survivors of sexual assault and judicial outcomes. Specifically, this study explored survivors' willingness to participate in the judicial process. Although "victim unwilling to participate" is the primary reason given by the police for cases not progressing to prosecution, we know little about most aspects of survivors' willingness to participate in the judicial process, especially beyond initial reporting of the assault. The steps to prosecution are dependent on one another yet a survivor's willingness to participate in these steps is a fluid process. The primary research question explored was Are there clusters of survivors according to their responses to specific items on a Willingness to Participate scale? Additional research questions focused on differences among possible clusters of survivors. A semi-structured interview protocol was completed with 46 survivors of adult sexual assault. Cluster analysis was conducted and three clusters emerged. Findings suggest that support services were helpful to those who were highly willing to participate but that willingness was insufficient to influence judicial outcomes. Future research concerning judicial outcomes in sexual assault cases should focus on strategies to dispel myths about rape among survivors, within the judicial system, and with potential jurors as a means of improving both survivor participation and judicial outcomes.
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Jonáš, Václav. "The effect of the number of judges on the effectiveness of the judicial system." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193464.
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The thesis examines the effect of the number of judges on court output in the Czech Republic. It is based on the theory of a rational judge and the hypothesis that after the appointment of new judges, the incumbent judges face lower caseload pressure and they can decrease their effort. It follows that the change in the court output is very small or non-existent. I develop a model that specifies court output as a function of judicial staffing, caseload and other variables. I employ OLS, FE and 2SLS estimation methods. The estimation results suggest that the number of judges does not affect court output in the case of district courts. In the case of regional courts, a 10% growth in the number of judges leads approximately to a 5% growth in the number of resolved cases. Furthermore, estimates suggest that all courts strongly react on changes in the caseload. I also show that the quantity-quality trade-off is not present at courts in the Czech Republic. The thesis contributes to thin empirical literature on the effect of judicial staffing on court output mainly by controlling for the case difficulty and by using panel data from the Czech Republic.
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Ruane, Blathna. "An assessment of the independence of the Irish Supreme Court in the context of constitutional law with particular reference to the system of judicial appointments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318446.
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Rodríguez, Alzza Efraín. "Interview with Lourdes Chau Quispe: Reflections and perspectives on tax reforms in tax proceedings and judicial processes." IUS ET VERITAS, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123462.
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In this interview, Dr. Chau shares some ideas about the tax reforms of the past two years and their implementation. In this way, the interview addresses the news that brought the introduction of partial audits, individual consultations and the procedures related to these. Then, it focuses on the role of the Tax Court in the implementation and consolidation of these new tax law institutions.En la presente entrevista, la doctora Chau nos comparte algunas ideas respecto a las reformas tributarias de los últimos dos años y la implementación de las mismas. Así, se abordan las novedades que trajeron la introducción de fiscalizaciones parciales, consultas particulares y los procedimientos vinculados a estas, para luego tratar el rol del Tribunal Fiscal en la aplicación y consolidación de las nuevas instituciones tributarias introducidas.
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Marinho, Saulo Lopes. "Proteção judicial dos direitos humanos : o sistema interamericano e a eficácia das sentenças da corte interamericana no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/777.
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The international protection of human rights is a theme that since the second half of the twentieth century has gained ground in Law studies. Starting on the ideological shift operated after the Second World War, the issue was initially founded in the existence of legal norms that are situated above states, in addition to rescue ethical bases long forgotten by the international law. In this context, it had been developed the so-called International Protection Systems as symbols of these new concern of international society, among which stands out in Brazil the Inter-American System of Human Rights. Its structure has a jurisdictional organ, the Inter-American Court, which acts in the resolution of human rights violations committed by one of the States submitted to it, appearing as ultimate guarantor of human rights in the Americas. The contributions of international protection and specifically of the Inter-American System to Brazil has been positives. It happens that the judgments of the Inter-American Court, although the legal technique gives them binding force and mandatory power, have suffered of a deficit of effectiveness in Brazil, which is revealed in cases that the country has already been convicted. This deficit is linked to lack of awareness Brazilian State regarding the paramount importance of human rights and the absence of coercive ways available to the Court to impose its decisions.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
A proteção internacional dos direitos humanos é temática que desde a segunda metade do século XX vem ganhando espaço nos meios jurídicos. Tendo como marco a guinada ideológica operada após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, a questão assenta-se inicialmente na existência de normas jurídicas que estão acima dos Estados, além de resgatar bases éticas há muito tempo esquecidas pelo direito internacional. Nesse contexto se desenvolvem os chamados Sistemas Internacionais de Proteção como símbolos dessa nova preocupação da sociedade internacional, dentre os quais se destaca na realidade brasileira o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos. Sua estrutura conta com um órgão jurisdicional, a Corte Interamericana, que atua na resolução de violações de direitos humanos cometidas por algum dos Estados a ela submetidos, figurando como última instância garantidora dos direitos humanos no continente americano. As contribuições da proteção internacional e especificamente do Sistema Interamericano ao Brasil têm sido positivas. Ocorre que as sentenças proferidas pela Corte Interamericana, apesar de a técnica jurídica lhes conferir obrigatoriedade e força vinculante, têm sofrido com um déficit de efetividade no Brasil, revelado nos casos em que o país já foi condenado e que se encontra ligado à falta de conscientização do Estado brasileiro quanto à importância superior dos direitos humanos e à ausência de meios coercitivos a dispor da Corte para impor suas decisões.
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Johnston, Sara Pfister. "Unequal treatment or uneven consequence: a content analysis of Americans with Disabilities Act Title I disparate impact cases from 1992 - 2012." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3595112.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the patterns and themes of litigation in Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) disability discrimination cases charged under the theory of disparate impact. Specifically, this study used Computer Assisted Legal Research (CALR) to identify and review all U.S. Appellate Court ADA disparate impact cases as reported by Westlaw, a commercial electronic case law reporting system owned by Thomson Reuters.
This study used a two-step, mixed methods approach to analyze the data relevant to the research questions and sub-questions. First, the researcher employed content analysis (Hall & Wright, 2008) to identify and characterize patterns and trends of litigation in all reported U.S. Appellate Court ADA cases charged under the theory of disparate impact from 1992 through 2012. Cases were analyzed chronologically, and variables included number of published and unpublished cases, distribution of jurisdiction, distribution of ADA titles, EEOC involvement, case fact patterns, and characteristics of charging and opposing parties. Frequency analyses were conducted on these data. Second, the researcher identified a subset of the ADA disparate impact cases analyzed in the first step: Title I, or employment discrimination cases. Qualitative analysis employing the constant comparative method (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) was used to identify and characterize patterns and themes of the judicial opinions in the Title I disparate impact cases. The researcher developed a framework for analysis based on a review of the literature of the sociopolitical perspective of disability to guide the analysis of the judicial opinions in the subset of disparate impact cases. The results of the frequency analyses conducted on these data revealed four trends: (a) Precedent, (b) Circuit and Judge Effects, (c) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Successes, and (d) Sutton Case Effect. The results of the qualitative analysis of the text of the judicial opinions produced four themes and three relationships among the themes. The four themes were accommodation(s); workplace culture, norms, and policies; judicial process; and policy space. The three relationships were gap-filling, weighing and balancing, and maintaining status quo versus effecting social change. The themes and relationships are depicted in a concept map that visually displays the conceptual framework revealed in the study.
The findings in this study may inform disability and rehabilitation scholars about ADA disparate impact cases, a body of law about which little is known. The patterns and trends identified in ADA Title I disparate impact cases may provide information about the types of policies and practices that are most frequently litigated. Rehabilitation practitioners may be able to use the results of this research to develop education and outreach strategies for employers on best practices for hiring, accommodating, and promoting employees with disabilities. Because the workplace policies and procedures identified in the cases that comprise this study are neutral on their face rather than intentionally discriminatory, employers may benefit from information that assists them in evaluating their policies and procedures proactively, which may avoid costly and time-consuming litigation. Finally, workplace policies and procedures that fairly represent the essential functions of the job and are applied uniformly to workers with and without disabilities will contribute to a more diverse workforce.
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Yav, Katshung Joseph. "Prosecution of grave violations of human rights in light of challenges of national courts and the International Criminal Court: the Congolese dilemma." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1122.
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"Although the United Nations (UN) has often been pivotal in forging the international response to serious human rights crimes in such settings, the justice gap in countries such as the Democratic Republic [of] Congo (DRC) (the focus of this study) underscores the need for more systematic UN efforts. The war in the DRC has resulted in one of the world's worst humanitarian crisis with over 3.4 million displaced persons scattered throughout the country. An estimated 3.5 million people have died as a result of the war. The armed conflict has been characterised by appalling widespread and systematic human rights violations, including mass killings, ethnic cleansing, rape and the destruction of property. The most pressing need to be addressed is the question of justice and accountability for these human rights atrocities in order to achieve a durable peace in the country and also in the Great Lakes region (Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Angola and the DRC, to name just a few). In this respect, this study will address the grave human rights violations committed in the DRC and the mechanisms for dealing with them. It is particularly true in post-conflict situations where justice systems have been either partially or completely destroyed, that national courts are not capapble of arriving at a uniform stance, or willing to provide justice for atrocities in the immediate future. As a result, international justice seems to be a crucial and last resort that must continue to be fortified against efforts to undermine it. ... Chapter one will set out the content of the research, identify the problem and outline the methodology. Chapter two will discuss the state obligations in international law to prosecute gross violations of human rights and gives a summary of the human rights violations situation during the Congolese war. Chapter three will discuss the available naitonal mechanisms for accountaiblity in the DRC. It will discuss if national courts and TRC are able to deal with these atrocities committed in the DRC. Chapter four will analyse the extent to which the ICC could deal with the Congolese case and challenges. Chapter five will discuss the trends towards accountability in the DRC and the way forward. Chapter six will draw a conclusion on how to break the cycle of impunity in the DRC." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004.
Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Boukongou Jean Didier and Dr. Atangcho Akonumbo at the Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Boston, Clarinèr Freeman. "An Historical Perspective of Oregon's and Portland's Political and Social Atmosphere in Relation to the Legal Justice System as it Pertained to Minorities: With Specific Reference to State Laws, City Ordinances, and Arrest and Court Records During the Period -- 1840-1895." PDXScholar, 1997. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4992.
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Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately represented in Portland, Oregon's criminal justice system. Laws, legal procedures and practices that excessively target minorities are not new phenomena. This study focused on a history of political and social conditions in Oregon, and subsequently, Portland, from the 1840' s to 1895, that created unjust state laws and city ordinances that adversely impacted Native Americans, African Americans, and Chinese Immigrants. Attention was also given to the Jewish population.
The approach was to examine available arrest and court records from Oregon's and Portland's early beginnings to ascertain what qualitative information records could provide regarding the treatment of minorities by the justice system. As an outgrowth of this observation, it was necessary to obtain an understanding of the legal environment related to arrests and dispositions of adjudications. Finally, a review of the political and social atmosphere during the time period provided a look at the framework that shaped public attitudes and civic actions.
Examination of available arrest records and court records recorded during the period were conducted at the City of Portland's Stanley Paar Archives. Observations were limited to the availability of archive records. Oregon's history, relative legislation, Portland's history and applicable ordinances were studied and extrapolated from valid secondary resources. Political and social conditions were reviewed through newspaper accounts during recorded history from that time period.
Research indicated that Native Americans, African Americans and Chinese Immigrants were: not legally afforded equal access to Oregon land provisions; denied equitable treatment under the law in comparison to their white counterparts; were unjustly targeted for criminal activities by the enactment and enforcement of laws based on racist views; and, negatively used as political ploys to the advantage of candidates seeking public office. Much of this research is akin to actions in many political, legal and justice arenas of the 1990' s, that continue to adversely impact racial/ethnic minorities unfairly. Although members of the Jewish community were not negatively affected by law, they suffered social injustices. However, they were members of the legal and political fiber that shaped civic sentiments and legislative action in both positive and negative ways.
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Di, Filippo Alessandra. "Le dualisme juridictionnel français à l'épreuve de l'Europe." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1005.
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La perspective européenne a renouvelé l’intérêt de la question du maintien ou de la suppression du dualisme juridictionnel en France à travers deux approches : la résistance aux modèles concurrents d’organisation juridictionnelle d’une part, le crible des standards européens d’autre part. Considéré comme un modèle d’organisation juridictionnelle, le système français a inspiré la majorité des Etats européens. Le phénomène a néanmoins été temporaire. Désormais, la plupart des Etats européens ont un système d’organisation juridictionnelle qui se rattache à un autre modèle. Engager le système français dans une telle voie est juridiquement faisable mais peu opportun en pratique. Le système français en tant que modèle – quoique minoritaire – d’organisation juridictionnelle a donc vocation à perdurer. Sur un autre front, l’alignement du système français sur les standards européens a également fait émerger l’hypothèse de sa suppression. Les condamnations, réelles ou potentielles, de la juridiction administrative et du procès mené devant elle, ainsi que du Tribunal des conflits et de la procédure suivie devant lui, ont montré que les réformes étaient inévitables et imposé de revenir sur des pratiques séculaires bien établies. Elles ont également contribué à rapprocher la juridiction administrative de la juridiction judiciaire et le procès administratif du procès civil. « Sauvé » au prix de nombreuses transformations, le système n’en est pas moins parvenu à préserver ses caractéristiques essentielles, prouvant sa capacité d’adaptation. Un temps affaibli, le dualisme juridictionnel n’a, en définitive, pas été altéré. Mieux, son fondement technique, justification contemporaine du dualisme juridictionnel, en est sorti renforcéThe European perspective has shed new light on the question of whether maintaining or ruling out jurisdictional dualism in France through two main approaches: on the one hand, the resilience of substitutable models and, on the other hand, the scrutiny of European standards. Considered as a model, the French system has inspired the majority of states in Europe. This wave of inspiration has nevertheless been short-lived. Indeed, most states in Europe have established a judicial system, which is different from the French model. Bringing the French system towards the one adopted by most states in Europe is juridically feasible but raises several issues in practice. As a result, the French system, albeit minor amongst the European states, is probably prone to live on. Furthermore, bringing the French system towards European standards raised the question of a likely end of it. In fact, the French system came under critics, whether effective or potential, of its administrative courts and legal proceedings, together with critics concerning its so-called “Tribunal des conflits” and the legal proceedings. These critics point to the fact that reforming the French system was inevitable. Such reforms led the French system back on some of its secular anchored practices. Eventually, reforms also contributed to bring closer both the administrative court and the administrative legal proceedings to both civil court and civil legal proceedings. Saved at the cost of numerous reforms, the French system nevertheless managed to preserve its basic structures. This in turn provides evidence that the French system is able to adapt itself to an evolving European environment. Finally, the technical founding principles of jurisdictional dualism have been reinforced
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Schmidt, Ricardo Pippi. "Administração judiciária e os juizados especiais cíveis: o caso do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2763.
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The Special Courts has been created to promote access to Justice, by a simple and quickly form, without fees, with the purpose of resolving issues of small complexity, on an informal way, and preferently in a consensual basis. Even though the system is on operation for the past two decades in Rio Grande do Sul, neither the Judiciary High Administration nor his operators have been giving it the proper attention. The contamination risk of traditional justice system practices, more bureaucratic and formalist - and because of this, slow -, requires some measures to avoid distortion of the principles upon which this Special Court has been conceived. The correct performance of the Presiding Judges and of the Special Court’s staff, the previous preparation of the 'Lay-Judges' and 'Conciliators' to the exercise of their important functions, the commitment of the Appeal Court’s components with the system unity and, specially, it’s management by a central department responsible for the Special Courts coordination and supervision are measures that, besides the proper investments in information technology, innovation incentives and the use of new technologies, procedures standardization, database improvement and statistic system, may promote significant improvements on its performance.
Os Juizados Especiais foram criados para proporcionar acesso à justiça, de forma simples e rápida, sem custos, objetivando resolver conflitos de menor complexidade, de modo informal e preferencialmente através da conciliação. Decorridas mais de duas décadas desde a sua implantação, no Rio Grande do Sul, o sistema não vêm tendo a devida atenção, quer de parte dos operadores, quer de parte do próprio Judiciário. O risco de contaminação das práticas do sistema tradicional de justiça, burocrático e formalista e, por isso mesmo, moroso, exige medidas de administração judiciária que evitem o desvirtuamento dos princípios com base nos quais os Juizados Especiais foram concebidos. A correta atuação dos Juízes Presidentes dos Juizados Especiais, a orientação aos servidores que nele atuam, a prévia preparação dos juízes leigos e conciliadores para o exercício das relevantes funções que lhes são atribuídas, o comprometimento dos integrantes das Turmas Recursais com a unidade do sistema e, fundamentalmente, gestão deste pelo órgão estadual responsável pela coordenação e supervisão dos Juizados Especiais, são medidas que, juntamente com os necessários investimentos em informatização, incentivo à inovação e ao uso das novas tecnologias, padronização de procedimentos, aperfeiçoamento dos bancos de dados e sistema estatístico, podem promover melhorias significativas no seu desempenho.
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Calderoni, Vivian. "O agente penitenciário aos olhos do judiciário paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-13022014-161922/.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na identificação de elementos valorativos e perceptivos que o Poder Judiciário tem em relação ao agente de segurança penitenciária (ASP), discriminando temas, ênfases e tendências. Para a sua consecução, foram realizadas oito entrevistas semidirigidas com juízes atuantes em Varas de Execução Criminal do Estado de São Paulo. A apresentação do estado da arte demonstrou a pluralidade de ângulos sob os quais a temática relativa aos agentes penitenciários vem sendo estudada. O levantamento bibliográfico revelou ser escassa a literatura sobre a percepção do Poder Judiciário acerca dos ASPs. Foram criadas, a partir das entrevistas realizadas, dez categorias de análise: preparo, papel e formas de atuação do ASP; relacionamento entre os ASPs e o Poder Judiciário; relacionamento entre ASP e preso; relacionamento entre ASP e a direção da unidade prisional em que trabalham; probidade dos ASPs; vulnerabilidade e segurança do ASP no exercício da sua profissão; valorização, por parte do Poder Judiciário, do depoimento do ASP; condições de trabalho do ASP; fatores emocionais relacionados ao trabalho do ASP; impacto do crime organizado na atuação do ASP. Da apresentação e análise dos dados resultaram 18 súmulas analítico-descritivas. No capítulo destinado às conclusões, foram apresentadas as principais contribuições desta pesquisa, as quais consistiram na identificação dos principais temas que premeiam a visão do Judiciário sobre os ASPs e dentro deles as tendências e as ênfases prevalecentes. Estes temas foram agrupados em cinco linhas perceptivas: função do ASP: ressocializadora vs. disciplinar ênfase sobre a valorização da ressocialização; poder do ASP tendência dos juízes em respaldar o ASP para aumentar seu poder e ênfase no rearranjo no equilíbrio de poder em face da atuação das facções criminosas; influência da facção criminosa no trabalho do ASP ênfase sobre o atentado à probidade do agente e ao aumento de vulnerabilidade dos ASPs; impactos psicossociais do trabalho do ASP ênfase no adoecimento decorrente da prática profissional e no processo de prisionalização; e contexto de atuação do ASP ênfase na insalubridade e nos aspectos relativos à carreira do ASP. A seguir, é apresentado um conjunto de reflexões críticas com base nos resultados da pesquisa, na análise da literatura estudada e em diálogo com as vivências profissionais da pesquisadora. Em seguida, foram sugeridos temas para novas pesquisas e, por fim, propostas de interação envolvendo os principais especialistas e atores no processo de execução penal.The objective of this work is to identify the perceptions and value attributed to Penitentiary Correctional Officers (PCOs) by the Judiciary, pointing out themes, emphases, and trends. This work was accomplished through eight semi-directed interviews conducted with judges active in the Criminal Court on the Enforcement of Sentences of the State of Sao Paulo. The execution of this work has demonstrated the wide array of ways in which correctional officers are studied. The bibliographical search has revealed a scarcity of literature referring to the Judiciary\'s perception of the PCOs. Ten categories of analysis emerged from the interviews conducted: the preparation, role and work of the PCOs; the relationship between the PCOs and the Judiciary; the relationship between the PCO and the incarcerated; the relationship between the PCOs and the management of the prison unit in which they work; probity of the PCOs; vulnerability and security of the PCOs in the workplace; credit of the PCOs testament, as perceived by the Judiciary; work conditions of the PCOs; emotional factors related to the work of the PCOs; and the impact of organized crime in the work of the PCOs. The presentation and analysis of the data resulted in 18 descriptive-analytic summaries. The concluding chapter presents the main contributions of this research, consisting in the identification of the main themes that inform the vision of the Judiciary regarding PCOs and its prevailing emphases and trends. These themes were grouped into five lines of thought: the function of the PCO: resocializing vs. disciplinary - emphasis on the value of resocialization: the power of the PCO - the tendency of the judges in supporting PCOs to increase their power and the emphasis in the rearrangement of the balance of power vis-a-vis criminal factions; the influence of the criminal faction in the work of the PCO -- emphasis on the attempts to discredit PCOs and increasing vulnerability of the PCOs; psycho-social impact of the work of the PCO - emphasis on illness associated with the work and imprisonment; and context of the work of the PCO - emphasis on the unhealthfulness relative to the career of the PCO. Next follow critical reflections based on research results, the analysis of the literature review, and in dialogue with the professional experiences of the researcher. Following that is a presentation of themes for future research and, finally, a proposal for the evolving interaction of the primary specialists and actors in the process of penal execution.
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Lewis, Denise Y. "Juvenile Delinquency: An Examination of the Disproportionality of Minority vs. Non-Minority Juvenile Offenders Involved with the Juvenile Justice System." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1240968065.
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Veniant, Marie. "Question prioritaire de constitutionnalité et système juridictionnel." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020046.
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Le 23 juillet 2008, le Constituant français a créé la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité. Cette nouvelle procédure permet au Conseil constitutionnel d’être saisi, sur renvoi de la Cour de cassation ou du Conseil d’Etat, de la constitutionnalité d’une disposition législative. La création de cette nouvelle voie de droit est de nature à bouleverser les rapports qui se sont établis entre les ordres de juridiction constitutionnel,administratif et judiciaire. L’objet de la présente consiste en une analyse des relations qui existent entre ces trois ordres de juridiction dans le cadre de l’exercice de la fonction juridictionnelle et a pour objet de mesurer l’impact de la création de la question prioritaire de constitutionnalité sur les relations systémiques qui sont présentes entre ces trois jugesOn 2008, july 23 was created the “question prioritaire de constitutionnalité”.This new procedure allows the Constitutional Council to be seized, on remand from the administrative and judicial Supremes Courts, the constitutionality of a law. The creation of this new remedy is likely to upset the relationships that are established between levels of constitutional jurisdiction, administrative and judicial. This thesis is an analysis of the relationships between these three types of courts in the context of the exercise of the judicial function and measure the impact of the creation of the« question prioritaire de constitutionnalité » is to systemic relationships that are present between the three judges
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Barani, Luca. "Cour européenne de justice et les limites de son autonomie supranationale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210478.
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La thèse effectue une revue de la littérature scientifique sur la Cour dans le processus d’intégration juridique, en classant les différentes positions selon qu’ils définissent le rôle de la Cour comme réactif ou pro-actif. En faisant cette revue de la littérature, cinq facteurs sont mis en exergue pour ce qui concerne la problématique de l’autonomie de la Cour, qui feront l’objet d’une analyse approfondie dans la suite de la thèse :I) Limites inhérentes à l’interprétation juridique des Traités tels qu’ils se retrouvent dans les règles institutionnalisées du raisonnement de la Cour ;
II) L’interaction, au niveau européen, entre la Cour et les autres institutions ;
III) Les pressions et les stratégies d’influence des Etats membres vis-à-vis de la Cour comme agent de leurs préférences ;
IV) La dépendance structurelle de la Cour supranationale vis-à-vis ses interlocuteurs judiciaires au niveau national ;
V) Le degré d’obéissance que les appareils administratifs et exécutifs des Etats membres démontrent vis-à-vis la jurisprudence de la Cour.
Par rapport à ces facteurs, et leur importance relative dans la détermination de la ligne d’action de la Cour de Justice, la thèse évalue les changements et les défis auxquels est soumise la fonction de la Cour de justice au niveau de l’Union européenne, en particulier par rapport à l’environnement de plus en plus critique ou évolue la trajectoire jurisprudentielle de la Cour par rapport aux acteurs politiques et juridiques, l’érosion du caractère sui generis du droit communautaire dans le contexte du droit international, le rôle de plus en plus affiché des cours nationales, et le contexte institutionnel dans lequel se trouve à agir cette juridiction.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Forster, Ninon. "La responsabilité sans faute de l’Union européenne." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. https://www-stradalex-eu.passerelle.univ-rennes1.fr/fr/se_mono/toc/RESFAUE.
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Souvent invoquée dans les recours en indemnité devant la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne pour pallier les obstacles à l’engagement de la responsabilité extra-contractuelle de l’Union européenne, la responsabilité sans faute est un concept flou dont la définition, la nature et l’existence même sont contestées. L’étude de ce concept, à partir de la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne, laisse cependant apparaître une construction prétorienne originale emprunte de l’influence des droits nationaux de la responsabilité publique. La responsabilité sans faute acquiert, au fil des arrêts rendus par la Cour de justice et le Tribunal, une consistance qui la fait apparaître comme une catégorie juridique regroupant plusieurs régimes de responsabilité dans lesquels la preuve d’une activité fautive des institutions de l’Union européenne ou de ses agents n’est pas nécessaire à l’engagement de sa responsabilité extra-contractuelle. La responsabilité sans faute peine cependant à s’imposer comme une voie de droit effective à disposition des particuliers en raison, d’une part, des réticences du juge à la reconnaître expressément comme un principe de responsabilité extra-contractuelle et, d’autre part, de l’interprétation rigoureuse des conditions de son bien-fondéOften invoked in actions for damages before the Court of Justice of the European Union to overcome obstacles to the engagement of the European Union's extra-contractual liability, nofault liability is a vague concept whose definition, nature and very existence are contested. However, the study of this concept, based on the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, reveals an original Praetorian construction based on the influence of national laws on public liability. Liability without fault has acquired, with the judgments of the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance, a consistency which makes it appear to be a legal category comprising several liability regimes in which proof of wrongful activity by the institutions of the European Union or its agents is not necessary to engage in non-contractual liability. However, no-fault liability is hardly an effective legal remedy available to individuals because of the judge's reluctance to expressly recognize it as a principle of extra-contractual liability and because of the rigorous interpretation of the conditions of its validity
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Mahoussi, Wenceslas Ghanousmeid Gbétohou. "Analyse des pratiques informationnelles dans le champ juridique au Bénin." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080042.
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Comprendre, décrire et documenter les comportements informationnels des juristes béninois tant dans le champ académique que professionnel. C’est le principal objectif de cette thèse qui a choisi le positionnement des pratiques informationnelles en sciences de l’information notamment dans l’étude des usagers en contexte. Ce travail a mobilisé à la fois des études théoriques qu’empiriques. Quatre études théoriques ont été menées pour comprendre le contexte du droit et de la justice au Bénin, les évolutions induites par les technologies de l’information et de la communication (Tic) dans le secteur juridique et judiciaire, les pratiques informationnelles en termes de modèles et les théories spécifiques dans le champ du droit. Ces approches théoriques ont été confrontées à quatre études empiriques dont deux quantitatives et deux qualitatives. En ce qui concerne l’approche quantitative, 375 étudiants et 60 enseignants-chercheurs des facultés de droit des universités du Bénin ont été interrogés. Quant aux études qualitatives, elles sont faites d’entretiens semi-directifs à l’endroit de 35 magistrats des tribunaux et cours de la partie méridionale du pays et 15 avocats à Cotonou. Au terme de ces études, il est clair que les juristes béninois dans le cadre de leurs activités professionnelles recourent à l’information. Ils le font pour régler des problèmes juridiques. Ils se réfèrent en premier lieu aux sources imprimées que sont les livres et ouvrages juridiques ; ensuite aux sources électroniques en l’occurrence Internet et enfin consultent leurs collègues, confères ou camarades. Les critères qui gouvernent ces sources d’information sont d’abord l’accessibilité-disponibilité de l’information, la pertinence-utilité de l’information et le contenu de l’information. L’ensemble des juristes interrogés partagent l’information mais font face à plusieurs obstacles pour accéder à l’information. Au nombre de ces obstacles, on peut citer : le coût excessif de certains ouvrages juridiques, l’instabilité de l’énergie électrique, la coupure de la connexion à Internet, la vétusté de certains documentsUnderstand, describe and document the information behavior of beninese lawyers in both the academic and professional fields. It is the main objective of this thesis that has chosen the positioning of informational practices in the information sciences especially in the study of users in context. This work has mobilized both theoretical and empirical studies. Four theoretical studies have been conducted to understand the legal and justice context in Benin, developments in information and communication technologies (TIC) in the legal and judicial sector, information practices in terms of models and the specific theories in the field of law. These theoretical approaches were confronted with four empirical studies, two quantitative and two qualitative. Regarding the quantitative approach, 375 students and 60 teacher-researchers from the law faculties of the universities of Benin were interviewed. As for qualitative studies, they are made up of semi-directive interviews with 35 magistrates of courts and courts in the southern part of the country and 15 lawyers in Cotonou. At the end of these studies, it is clear that Beninese lawyers in the course of their professional activities make use of information. They do it to solve legal problems. They refer in the first place to printed sources, namely books and legal works; Then to electronic sources, in this case the Internet, and finally consult their colleagues, confreres or comrades. The criteria governing these sources of information are primarily the accessibility-availability of information, the relevance-usefulness of information and the content of information. All lawyers surveyed share information but face several barriers to accessing information. Examples of such obstacles include the excessive cost of certain legal works, the instability of electric power, the breakdown of the Internet connection, the obsolete nature of certain documents
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Sallée, Nicolas. "Des éducateurs placés sous main de justice : les éducateurs de la protection judiciaire de la jeunesse entre droit pénal et savoirs sur l’homme." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100136/document.
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Suivant un double regard, socio-historique et monographique, cette thèse propose une sociologie de la profession d’éducateur de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse (PJJ), administration du ministère de la Justice chargée de l’exécution des décisions de justice prises à l’endroit des mineurs dits « placés sous main de justice », notamment des mineurs délinquants. Membres de la fonction publique d’État, les éducateurs de la PJJ constituent une « bureaucratie professionnelle » (Mintzberg, 1982), dont le mandat et les finalités de l’activité sont principalement liés au projet politique fondateur de son institution d’appartenance : participer à la construction et à l’épanouissement d’un modèle de justice au sein duquel la connaissance de la personnalité des justiciables est une condition même de leur éducation. À partir d’une réflexion sur les savoirs, principalement les savoirs issus des sciences du psychisme, qui ont permis de délimiter ce projet politique et d’en légitimer les reconfigurations, nous proposons un regard sur la genèse et l’actualité de cette profession, de fait « placée sous main de justice ». Dans une première partie d’ordre socio-historique, nous mettons en lumière les principales tensions – indissociablement savantes, administratives et juridiques – qui émanent de l’histoire du secteur public de la PJJ, autant qu’elles en structurent le fonctionnement. Dans une seconde partie d’ordre monographique, à partir de plusieurs terrains d’observation (centre de milieu ouvert, centre éducatif fermé, prisons pour mineurs), nous analysons ce que les éducateurs font de ces tensions, et comment ils leur donnent forme, en situation de travail. Cette double méthodologie nous permet, in fine, d’interroger les reconfigurations de la profession d’éducateur de la PJJ, tout en nous frayant un chemin, par le terrain, au cœur des principales transformations qui, en France, agitent la justice des mineursFollowing a double socio-historical and monographicpoint of view, this thesis tackles a sociological study of the profession as educator working for the Judicial Protection of Youth (Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse, PJJ). PJJ is an administration of the French Ministry of Justice applying the decisions taken by the juvenile courts. Educators working for PJJ are members of the State Civil Service. The profession therefore forms a “professional bureaucracy” (Mintzberg, 1982), whose professional mandate and aims are related to the founding political project of PJJ: participating in the development of a model of justice, in which the knowledge on the personality of individuals is a condition of their education. Here, we present a study on the genesis and the evolution of this professional bureaucracy from an analysis of the knowledge, in particular psychological knowledge, which helped to define the founding political project of PJJ and to legitimize the changes of this political project. As a first step, we enlighten from a socio-historical perspective the main intellectual, administrative and legal tensions, that arise from the history of PJJ, and provide its operational framework. Secondly, we analyze from a monographic perspective how educators deal with these tensions in practice. We use for this analysis a suite of observational fields: one open and one close educational institutions, and two juvenile detention centers. Our double point of view allows us to question the reconfiguration of the profession of PJJ’s educator, and to provide a bottom-up framework (i.e. from the field) to analyze the main transformations of juvenile justice in France
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Cherfa, Fatima. "La médiation familiale en droit français et en droit algérien." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH9858.
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Cette recherche s’impose donc comme une étude comparative entre le système juridique français et le système juridique algérien autour de la médiation familiale. Au terme de ce travail, constats et réflexions s’articulent autour de 4 axes : Le premier axe est l’étude de la place qu’occupe la médiation en tant que mode de résolution de conflits dans le système juridique français et le système juridique algérien après un rappel de ses fondements et des facteurs expliquant son émergence. Le deuxième axe a trait au statut juridique de la médiation et souligne l’importance de son développement de manière très différente d’un système juridique à un autre. Le troisième axe est lié à l’émergence d’un droit de l’enfant qui nécessite l’intervention du juge pour asseoir son statut sur des bases plus solides que celles de la famille d’aujourd’hui. Le quatrième axe consiste à mettre en lumière comment l’application du droit conventionnel gère les situations de conflits familiaux internationaux relatifs aux enlèvements d’enfants issus du mariage de couples mixtes. C’est dans ce contexte que le droit international privé a été abordé pour mettre en relief les apports et les spécificités des deux droitsThis research is viewed as a comparative study between the French legal system and the Algerian legal system regarding the family mediation. As a conclusion of this work, the observations and reflections are articulated around 4 axes: The first axis is the study of the role that mediation embodies as a tool for resolving conflicts in the French legal system and the Algerian legal system after a reminder of its foundations and factors explaining its emergence. The second axis concerns the legal status of mediation and enlightens the importance of its development in a very different way from one legal system to another. The third axis is related to the advent of a child's right which requires the intervention of the judge to establish his status on a more solid basis than the one of today’s family. The fourth axis emphasises on how the application of conventional law deals with situations of international family conflict related to the abduction of children from the marriage of mixed couples. It is in this context that private international law was approached to highlight the contributions and specificities of the two rights
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Moinian, Mohammad. "L'évolution du ministère public en droit iranien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32021.
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La Révolution Islamique de 1979 met fin à la monarchie constitutionnelle puis au ministère public en tentant de remédier aux difficultés récurrentes rencontrées par le système judiciaire depuis le début du siècle. Les institutions, furent complètement remaniées, dans l’intérêt du nouveau régime et afin de mettre en place, en rénovant le lien historique entre religions et institutions, une version politisée de l’Islam. Les révolutionnaires, insuffisamment préparés, manquant d’expérience et de connaissances, constatèrent l’échec des nouvelles politiques en matière judiciaire. Le ministère public était indispensable à l’exécution des missions régaliennes de maintien de la sécurité intérieure et de l’ordre public ainsi qu’au fonctionnement de la justice. Cette institution, présente sous des formes archaïques depuis l’antiquité et modernisée lors de la Révolution Constitutionnelle du début du XXème siècle, fut rétablie en 2002The Islamic Revolution of 1979 broke up the constitutional monarchy then disbanded the public prosecution institution to make an attempt to solve the chronic issues encountered by the judicial system since the beginning of the century. The institutional system was entirely overhauled, in the interest of the new system and in the purpose to establish a new model integrating the historical link between religion and institutions with a political kind of Islam. The revolutionaries, barely prepared, lacking of experience and knowledge, noticed the failure of the new judicial politics. The public prosecution was essential to the fulfillment of the regalian functions, including the maintenance of public order and domestic security, along with the functioning of justice. This institution, existing under varied shapes since antiquity and modernized in the beginning of the century with the constitutional Revolution, has been restored in 2002
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Céspedes, Arteaga Jackeline Patricia. "La contribution de la jurisprudence de la cour de justice de l'Union européenne à la constitution de l'ordre juridique de la Communauté andine." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D017.
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Le modèle de l’Union européenne constitue la source d’inspiration la plus remarquable pour les systèmes d’intégration qui se développent à travers le monde, non seulement du fait de sa constellation institutionnelle mais également de l’existence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne et de sa jurisprudence constructrice. Ce modèle unioniste s’est notamment exporté sur le continent sud-américain au sein duquel se développe pertinemment une organisation comparable à l’Union européenne : la Communauté andine.Créée en 1969, elle se distingue des autres systèmes d’intégration présents dans la région en ce qu’elle constitue un ordre juridique communautaire andin propre, distinct des ordres juridiques de ses États membres, et fondé sur la primauté et l’applicabilité directe, ces deux mêmes principes qui ont façonné la construction de l’Union européenne. La Communauté andine dispose en outre d’une structure organique spécifique puisque le système d’intégration andin regroupe des institutions administratives, politiques et juridictionnelles.Parmi elles, à l’image de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne, le Tribunal de la Communauté andine veille « au respect du droit dans l’interprétation et l’application » de la norme communautaire andine. C’est ainsi que, la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne sert de phare au Tribunal de justice de la Communauté andine dont elle éclaire l’office. C’est sur ce point que se concentre le présent travail de recherche qui tend à mettre en lumière la contribution de l’Union européenne à la constitution de l’ordre juridique de la Communauté andine par le biais de sa jurisprudence en constante évolution et dont la portée s’exerce à l’intérieur comme au-delà des frontières du continent européen. Or, la Communauté andine, système d’intégration désormais consolidé, traverse actuellement un processus de renouvellement en vue de se préparer aux nouveaux défis économiques et politiques de la région, tout en restant à la recherche d’un juste équilibre entre la stabilité et l’évolution nécessaire de son ordre juridiqueThe model of the European Union is the most remarkable source of inspiration for systems of integration developing throughout the world, not only because of the wealth and diversity of its institutions but also due to the existence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and its constructive jurisprudence.In particular, this unionist model has been adopted within the South American continent, which has effectively developed an institution comparable to the European Union: the Andean Community.Created in 1969, it differs from other systems of integration in the region in that it constitutes a distinct Andean Community law independent from the legal structures of its Member States, and based on primacy and direct applicability - two principles that have shaped the construction of the European Union. In addition, the Andean Community has a unique structure since the Andean system of integration incorporates administrative, political and judicial institutions.Among them, as does the Court of Justice of the European Union, the Court of the Andean Community ensures that "the interpretation and application of the law" is respectful of the standards of the Andean Community. Thus, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union undeniably serves as a helpful model for the Court of Justice of the Andean Community.It is on this point that this research focuses, aiming to highlight the contribution of the European Union to the constitution of the legal order of the Andean Community through its continuously-evolving jurisprudence which carries influence both inside and outside of the borders of the European continent.The Andean Community has developed as a gradually-consolidated system of integration. It is currently undergoing a process of renewal in response to the new economic and political challenges emerging in the region, while still seeking to achieve a balance between the needs for legal stability and the necessary evolution of its legal system
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Skalická, Hana. "Harmonizace zdaňování korporací v EU." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233705.
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After accession to the European Union, tax issues acquired and are still acquiring an entirely new character. A new legal environment is forming both in the Czech Republic and in the European Union. Until now, only indirect taxes have been harmonised, with direct taxes having remained in the domain of each member state. However, we are now feeling pressure to harmonise this area as well. Cases concerning value added tax belong to those that are now most often being resolved in front of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg. Cases regarding direct taxes are also becoming increasingly important. Will direct taxes be harmonized to the same extent as indirect taxes have? When potential investor is considering his investment into a company, he needs to match comparable figures. Definitely, one of the most important criterions is the amount of profit after taxation followed by payout of dividends. If there are different ways of taxation of corporations in various EU Member States, then there would be no possibility to compare corporations placed in various EU Member States objectively. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is, based on the research in the whole EU regarding taxation of corporations, to suggest a method how to harmonize taxation of corporations, which now prevents companies from trading in a single EU market, and also to minimize corporation’s costs of fulfilment of tax administration requirements of each Member State. This aim has been achieved through the following partial aims: .. An analysis of taxation of corporations in each of all 27 EU Member States, .. An analysis of proposals of the European Commission regarding harmonisation of taxation of companies, .. Suggestion of own method of harmonization of taxation of corporations in the EU. In conclusion, there are emphasized the contributions of this thesis to the science, to the practice and to education.
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Kardimis, Théofanis. "La chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation face à l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : étude juridictionnelle comparée (France-Grèce)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3004.
Full textAbstract:
La première partie de l’étude est consacrée à l’invocation, intra et extra muros, du droit à un procès équitable. Sont analysés ainsi, dans un premier temps, l’applicabilité directe de l’article 6 et la subsidiarité de la Convention par rapport au droit national et de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme par rapport aux juridictions nationales. Le droit à un procès équitable étant un droit jurisprudentiel, l’étude se focalise, dans un second temps, sur l’invocabilité des arrêts de la Cour Européenne et plus précisément sur l’invocabilité directe de l’arrêt qui constate une violation du droit à un procès équitable dans une affaire mettant en cause l’Etat et l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme à l’arrêt qui interprète l’article 6 dans une affaire mettant en cause un Etat tiers. L’introduction dans l’ordre juridique français et hellénique de la possibilité de réexamen de la décision pénale définitive rendue en violation de la Convention a fait naitre un nouveau droit d’accès à la Cour de cassation lequel trouve son terrain de prédilection aux violations de l’article 6 et constitue peut-être le pas le plus important pour le respect du droit à un procès équitable après l’acceptation (par la France et la Grèce) du droit de recours individuel. Quant au faible fondement de l’autorité de la chose interprétée par la Cour Européenne, qui est d’ailleurs un concept d’origine communautaire, cela explique pourquoi un dialogue indirect entre la Cour Européenne et la Cour de cassation est possible sans pour autant changer en rien l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme et le fait que l’existence d’un précédent oblige la Cour de cassation à motiver l’interprétation divergente qu’elle a adoptée.La seconde partie de l’étude, qui est plus volumineuse, est consacrée aux garanties de bonne administration de la justice (article 6§1), à la présomption d’innocence (article 6§2), aux droits qui trouvent leur fondement conventionnel dans l’article 6§1 mais leur fondement logique dans la présomption d’innocence et aux droits de la défense (article 6§3). Sont ainsi analysés le droit à un tribunal indépendant, impartial et établi par la loi, le délai raisonnable, le principe de l’égalité des armes, le droit à une procédure contradictoire, le droit de la défense d’avoir la parole en dernier, la publicité de l’audience et du prononcé des jugements et arrêts, l’obligation de motivation des décisions, la présomption d’innocence, dans sa dimension procédurale et personnelle, le « droit au mensonge », le droit de l’accusé de se taire et de ne pas contribuer à son auto-incrimination, son droit d’être informé de la nature et de la cause de l’accusation et de la requalification envisagée des faits, son droit au temps et aux facilités nécessaires à la préparation de la défense, y compris notamment la confidentialité de ses communications avec son avocat et le droit d’accès au dossier, son droit de comparaître en personne au procès, le droit de la défense avec ou sans l’assistance d’un avocat, le droit de l’accusé d’être représenté en son absence par son avocat, le droit à l’assistance gratuite d’un avocat lorsque la situation économique de l’accusé ne permet pas le recours à l’assistance d’un avocat mais les intérêts de la justice l’exigent, le droit d’interroger ou faire interroger les témoins à charge et d’obtenir la convocation et l’interrogation des témoins à décharge dans les mêmes conditions que les témoins à charge et le droit à l’interprétation et à la traduction des pièces essentielles du dossier. L’analyse est basée sur la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise et centrée sur la position qu’adoptent la Cour de cassation française et l’AréopageThe first party of the study is dedicated to the invocation of the right to a fair trial intra and extra muros and, on this basis, it focuses on the direct applicability of Article 6 and the subsidiarity of the Convention and of the European Court of Human Rights. Because of the fact that the right to a fair trial is a ‘‘judge-made law’’, the study also focuses on the invocability of the judgments of the European Court and more precisely on the direct invocability of the European Court’s judgment finding that there has been a violation of the Convention and on the request for an interpretation in accordance with the European Court’s decisions. The possibility of reviewing the criminal judgment made in violation of the Convention has generated a new right of access to the Court of cassation which particularly concerns the violations of the right to a fair trial and is probably the most important step for the respect of the right to a fair trial after enabling the right of individual petition. As for the weak conventional basis of the authority of res interpretata (“autorité de la chose interprétée”), this fact explains why an indirect dialogue between the ECHR and the Court of cassation is possible but doesn’t affect the applicant’s right to request an interpretation in accordance with the Court’s decisions and the duty of the Court of cassation to explain why it has decided to depart from the (non-binding) precedent.The second party of the study is bigger than the first one and is dedicated to the guarantees of the proper administration of justice (Article 6§1), the presumption of innocence (Article 6§2), the rights which find their conventional basis on the Article 6§1 but their logical explanation to the presumption of innocence and the rights of defence (Article 6§3). More precisely, the second party of the study is analyzing the right to an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, the principle of equality of arms, the right to adversarial proceedings, the right of the defence to the last word, the right to a public hearing and a public pronouncement of the judgement, the judge’s duty to state the reasons for his decision, the presumption of innocence, in both its procedural and personal dimensions, the accused’s right to lie, his right to remain silent, his right against self-incrimination, his right to be informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation and the potential re-characterisation of the facts, his right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence, including in particular the access to the case-file and the free and confidential communication with his lawyer, his right to appear in person at the trial, his right to defend either in person or through legal assistance, his right to be represented by his counsel, his right to free legal aid if he hasn’t sufficient means to pay for legal assistance but the interests of justice so require, his right to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him and his right to the free assistance of an interpreter and to the translation of the key documents. The analysis is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and focuses on the position taken by the French and the Greek Court of Cassation (Areopagus) on each one of the above mentioned rights
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Abader, Moegamat Ishaam. "An investigation into the application of judicial case management in the South African civil court system to enhance quality and access to justice." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6253.
Full textAbstract:
M.B.A.An investigation into the application of judicial case management in the South African civil court system to enhance quality and access to justice. Background The South African judicial system, and in particular, the lower Courts have been plagued by inefficiency and inadequate use of its resources. This, in turn, has lead to inordinate delays in the prosecution of both civil and criminal matters. This research will however focus on the civil prosecution of cases. Ultimately, the quality of service being provided to both internal and external customers is lacking and is evidenced by the slow pace of cases through the system. The civil justice system in South Africa is in need of an overhaul as the quality of the service provided by the courts has been questioned extensively. The focus of this research is to look at judicial case management as well as some of the current factors that may be responsible for the delays in the civil justice system and to propose judicial case management as a possible solution to enhance quality in the South African judicial system. Related to the concept of quality are productivity and efficiency and, by implication, these areas may also be improved. Accordingly, this study will assess the current situation in the South African civil justice system and investigate if judicial case management will assist in achieving quality and productivity. IV Objectives The overall objective of this study is to formulate recommendations to enhance quality and access the civil justice system. To reach the above aim, the following objectives are relavant: 1.3.1 Conduct interviews with members of the public and legal professionals involved in the civil justice system in South Africa to assess their perceptions of the system. 1.3.2 During the interviews, elicit recommendations on how the system may be improved with particular emphasis on judicial case management. 1.3.3 Conduct a literature review of relevant and available literature that investigates developments in the British, Canadian, Australian and part of the American legal system, respectively. 1.3.4 Describe and analyse the data collected. 1.3.5 Compare the data collected in the South African context with developments in international judicial systems. 1.3.6 Make recommendations with a view to improving quality in the South African civil justice system. Design and data collection A qualitative research paradigm will be used for this study. Primary data was collected using the semi-structured interview method and the in-depth interview methods, respectively, in order to determine the views among some legal professionals in the province of Gauteng as well as certain members of the public. Documentary secondary data was also used in this research project in addition to the primary data collection methods. Conclusions In summary, the conclusions can be drawn that: there are problems in the South African civil justice system that lead to increased costs, unnecessary delay and complexity of the system; the causes of the problems are related to a wide variety of issues that range from, inter alia, human resources, training, operational issues, jurisdiction of courts, the structure and functioning of the courts, pleadings and the rules of court; there is a need and a willingness for judicial case management, despite some opposition, but that nature and form thereof will have to be the subject of discussion. Recommendations Recommendations to improve the system range from improving statistical analyses; increasing the public participation process in law making; improving the sheriffs services and service of process; improving the management and administration of the courts; introducing alternative dispute resolution and possibly mandatory dispute resolution; addressing procedural issues and finally, introducing some form of judicial case management.
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Bláhová, Ivana. "Vývojové aspekty vzájemného vztahu soudní soustavy a správního členění státu v Československu (1918-1938) s přihlédnutím k vývoji německého správního soudnictví." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307243.
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v anglickém jazyce The aim of this thesis named Development aspects of the relationship between judicial system and administrative structure in Czechoslovakia (1918-1938) considering the development of the German administrative justice is to analyse the basic development aspects of the relationship between executive and judicial power in Czechoslovakia. The capstones of the thesis are particularly state administration of the courts, territorial scope and administrative justice. Moreover, a comparative part describing the administrative justice and the gradual elimination of the separation of powers in Germany in the thirties was added. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first one introduces the matter. The second chapter defines the essential terms like separation of powers, executive and judicial power, state and public administration, judicial system, as well as state administration of the courts, territorial scope and administrative justice. The third chapter deals with the history of the relationship between administration and judicial system in Austria and Austro-Hungarian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. The following, most important chapter describes the constitutional development after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918. The fourth chapter is divided into...
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Giambruno, Cynthia. "Language mediation in the judicial system: the role of the court interpreter." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/3554.
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Whyman, Michelle C. "Disproportionate attention on the Supreme Court." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3649.
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Despite its emergence as a key player in igniting policy change, very little work has been done to understand the Supreme Court’s agenda in terms of policy content. Scholars have tended to describe the Court mostly in terms of the direction (liberal/conservative) of justices’ decisions and the significance of particular cases. As a result, I ask if the Supreme Court allocates a disproportionate share of its docket to particular policy areas and if over attention to issue areas can be explained in terms of ideological shifts on the Court. This paper utilizes a new dataset, which includes a sample
of 4591 certiorari denied cases and all 7014 cases granted certiorari from 1948 to 1990. Each case is coded for policy content according to the Policy Agendas Project coding scheme. By comparing the policy content of certiorari granted and certiorari denied cases
over time, I show that judicial attention to policy areas waxes and wanes and court eras can be differentiated according to which issues occupied a disproportionate share of the Court’s attention. Additionally, I demonstrate that disproportionate attention to a subset of issue areas varies with changes in the ideological makeup of the Court.text
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Rubin, Margot Wendy. "Courting change :the role of apex courts and court cases in urban governance: a Delhi-Johannesburg comparison." Thesis, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
The courts are recognised as playing an increasingly important role in the realisation and
concretisation of socio-economic rights. However, the implications of these activities for notions of
voice, engagement and access to decision-makers and those in power, are largely not understood.
This study seeks to address key questions around what type of platform for engagement the courts
are providing for more marginalised groups beyond sites of redress, as well as to consider the
impacts of court cases, decisions and remedies on policy, practice and the everyday life of urban
residents. The study utilises a comparative approach between India and South Africa, and examines
two seminal court cases - one in Delhi, the Sealings Case, and the other in Johannesburg, the Olivia
Road Case. The case studies demonstrate that the litigants’ decision to go to court is, in part, closely
linked to the failure of representative democracy and is influenced by the coalitions and alliances of
urban actors. Furthermore, the case studies look at the court as a site of engagement between
citizens, residents and the state in order to see what benefits or dangers exist when engaging in
litigation. The case studies further provide some insights into the implications of being denied access
to the courts and how alternative modes of power-seeking and voicing issues come to the fore. Lastly,
the case studies offer an account of the consequences of litigation and looks at the impact of court
cases on policy, policy-making process, practice and the lives of citizens and notes that these are not
only highly differentiated but also extremely unpredictable. In making sense of the role of the court in
urban governance, the study argues for a conceptualisation of courts as institutions of hegemony, and
pushes Gramsci’s notion to explain courts and court cases as platforms on which litigants can
promote their own hegemonic or counter-hegemonic project. However, courts are not neutral
containers in which these politics unfold; rather they are engaged actors with their own agendas and
hegemonic visions, which they seek to enforce through the decisions that they make and the roles
that they carve out for themselves within the urban governance terrain.
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Hsu, Chenwei, and 許珍維. "Social worker's advocacy in the judicial system: A study on domestic violence service center in court." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12994843040949544212.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
社會政策與社會工作學系
100
"Social Justice" is recognized as the professional value and mission in social work, “Advocacy” is the strategic action in practicing social justice and fairness. In the work of preventing domestic violence, advocating domestic victims’ judicial interests is one of the core values, and Case Advocacy is important duty for social workers. However, there is little research literature about case advocacy in social work. In order to understand the current situation of social workers in practicing case advocacy, this study is based on interviews of supervisors and social workers in domestic violence service center in court, as well as battered women, and the judicial related advocates. The aim of the study is to investigate the motivation, strategies, impacting factors and accomplishments of social case advocacy. In order to achieve the above research purposes, this study uses purposive sampling, semi-structured individual interviews with seven supervisors/ social workers, five battered women, and five judges. The findings are as follows: First, to summarize the opinions of social worker, battered women and judges, regarding the motivation for social workers to advocate. They are as follows: “battered women struggle to assert their rights in the society”, ”battered women's safety threatened “, “different trial standards deprive of battered women claimants opportunities “, “judicial officers misuse the law “, ” judicial officers’ unfriendly attitude”, “lengthy judicial procedures”, and “battered women relocated lead to can’t receive court of notice”. Secondly, the case advocacy strategy can be categorized according to the level of conflict including non-conflict strategy, low-conflict and moderate-conflict strategy. The non-conflict strategy is implied to remind, discuss, instruct or give suggestions, demonstrate, empower and promote relationship. The low- conflict strategy is implied to inform or provide information, consult, and exchange views. The moderate-conflict strategy is implied to fight, convince and negotiate. Thirdly, the factors about social worker’s advocacy can be divided into four factors. This includes individual, organization, relationship and the judicial procedures. The individual factor involves social worker, the judiciary, battered women and the abuser. The organizational factor includes institutional and judicial units. Fourthly, the accomplishment levels of case advocacy are battered women, the justice system and social workers. For battered women, the benefit is to protect their rights and empowerment. For the justice system, the outcome is to enhance quality and efficiency, to change the judicial officers’ unfriendly attitude on battered women and the judicial procedures not favor for battered women, to promote judicial officers emphasis on battered women's rights, and commend the values of social work services in justice system. For social workers, the result is to obtain recognition and trust form judicial officers and battered women, and to learn more advocated skills. According to the conclusion, the researcher provides the relevant recommendations on the practical work of domestic violence prevention, organizations, social work education, government, and future studies.
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Tu, Ming-Chao, and 杜明招. "The Research of Manpower Utilization of Judicial System in Taiwan - The Case Study of Taiwan Keelung District Court." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49541119426136990110.
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碩士元智大學
管理碩士在職專班
101
Human resources is an important property of organization, relevant to achieve organizational goals. This study is based on human resources management, discussion on manpower utilization of judicial system, and to the system of appointments, promotion and training as a research-oriented projects. First finish the judicial system of the research manpower utilization of theory of literature, above three human resources system of the judiciary to do analysis and qualitative research in-depth interviews of law. In accordance with the relevant literature and manpower utilization of the situation to develop interview outline, accessed 8 Taiwan Keelung District Court judicial officers, induction and consolidation of interview results, and make discoveries and recommendations of this study. Research shows the judicial system in terms of human appointment systems, in line with the principles of fairness, but staff with insufficient practical experience possible. In terms of promotion system, evaluation is not high for the promotion system, promotions should be based on performance, and lack of performance evaluation system of the judicial system. In terms of training systems, pre-service training to help familiarise themselves with the work conditions. On-the-job training can enhance their job to learn that, but insufficient incentive for participating in training, need to strengthen implementation of the agent system.
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Ren-Shuen, Yang, and 楊仁順. "Software Documentation Management In Software Maintenance Phase- A Case Study of A Judicial Operating System in a Court." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68823567340600025930.
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碩士臺中健康暨管理學院
資訊科技研究所
92
Many important government information systems have been built through outsourcing in the past years. Government official plays the role of the coordinator between the user and the maintenance staff. For government official, the software documentation is important for them to learn about an information system. It seems to be that the system provider does not have a good documentation solution yet, since software documentation is somewhat a touchy issue. This problem leads to that the government official can’t solve user’s problems efficiently in maintaining an outsourced information system. In this thesis, we will try to propose a source code documentation solution to assisting the government official to be familiar with an information system. We particularly focus on a judicial operating system based on the Java Server Page (JSP) software architecture in a court. The proposed documentation approach is constructed by referring to the program source code and the database dictionary. Additionally, we also design a series of tags for embedding useful information in the comments of source program. The proposed approach to documentation could assist the government official to be quickly familiar with the outsourced information system. In this thesis, we also implement an experimental source code documentation utility for a judicial operating system to demonstrate our proposed approach.
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Hsiao, I.-Ling, and 蕭屹灵. "On the Design and Implementation of a Faceted Retrieval System for the Taiwan Judicial Court Archives from 1895 to1945." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70397811773759532239.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
96
In 2000, the Taiwan High Court and Professor Tay-Sheng Wang of the Department of Law of the National Taiwan University re-discovered the archive of judicial court records of the judicial courts of Taipei, Taichung, Jiayi and Hsinchu during the Japanese colonial occupation of Taiwan from 1895 to 1945. Digitization of the findings was carried out under the direction of Professor Wang with help from the National Taiwan University Library. After several years of work, the digitization effort is now near its completion. This thesis describes the design and implementation of the TCCRA, the Taiwan Colonial Court Record Archives. The court cases, 5640 volumes in total, gave a vivid account of the economic, cultural, and societal evolution of Taiwan during the Japanese colonization. It is not only invaluable for anyone interested in the development of Taiwan, but also for researchers of Japanese colonial laws. The digitization effort includes producing all the images (through digital camera) and metadata of each court case. Because of the sheer volume of the data, it is important to design a system that allows the users not only find what they want but also helps them discover the meaning and conduct further exploration. We start by utilizing an "Attributive tag" data format to integrate the metadata and to provide the backbone of faceted browsing of query results. A sophisticated yet easy to use query interface is then designed to guide the user to refine queries and to classify query results in different ways. Our faceted retrieval system has two main additional features: query term suggestion and combination, and query adjustment and document selection. Our features enable the user to analyze query results as a collection and refine them easily.
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Allen, Neal Robert. "The effect of a supreme court opinion outside the judicial system : an analysis of Brown v. Board of Education and the American South." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/7553.
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This dissertation seeks to describe and explain the connection between The Supreme
Court and politics outside of the judicial system. It is a case study of the reaction to the
Brown v. Board of Education integration decision in the American South. I apply a
theoretical model of “judicialization,” arguing that when courts affect politics outside of
the judicial system, they reshape politics to resemble the adversarial legal system,
sparking polarized conflict and causing non-judicial political actors to make arguments in
the form of constitutional doctrine. Analyzing editorials and letters to the editor from
Southern newspapers, I show that debate after Brown was characterized by appeals to
constitutional principles, and that Brown increased the salience of segregation in schools
as a subject of political debate. I also supplement my Southern newspaper data with data
from African-American newspapers and analyze Southern elections in the periods
immediately before and after the education integration decision to assess the impact of
the Court’s education decision on both voters and candidates.text
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Tung, Po Yi, and 董柏毅. "The Orientation of Judicial System Reform under China’s Deepening the Rule of Law：Centered on the Court Independence from Localized Political Authority and Bureaucratized." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hyycy4.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
東亞研究所
104
The Third and Fourth Plenum of 18th CPC Central Committee passed the Decision on Major Issues of comprehensively Deepening Reform and Decision on Major Issues of comprehensively promoting the Rule of Law. The most important proposals concerning China’s judicial system reform is centered on the Court independence from localized political authority and bureaucratized. The current situations that Court’s independence and judge’s independence seem difficult in China is partly due to administration and localization. Up to now, it’s one very pressing issue in judicial reform is to properly deal with the multiple relations related with judicial system, under the Constitution of PROC. The relations include the external relations with CPC , power authority , administrative authority and citizen. The internal relations contain power allocation , supervision and restriction and personnel administration with the Court. This study aims to clarify the orientation of judicial system reform under China’s deepening the Rule of Law and it will focus on how the China’s Court to be apart from localized political authority and bureaucratized.
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Mwenda, Winnie Sithole. "Paradigms of alternative dispute resolution and justice delivery in Zambia." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2163.
Full textAbstract:
Alternative Dispute Resolution was developed as an alternative to the traditional dispute resolution mechanism, litigation, which had become costly, time-consuming, did not give the parties control over the outcome of their disputes and was generally cumbersome. ADR refers to a variety of techniques for resolving disputes without resort to litigation in the courts. The concept behind the introduction of ADR methods was, inter alia, to reduce the delays and costs associated with litigation; to introduce relatively less formal methods of dispute resolution; to introduce consensual problem solving and empower individuals by enabling them to control the outcome of their dispute and develop dispute resolution mechanisms that would preserve personal and business relationships. ADR processes were thus intended to produce better outcomes all round.
From the time ADR appeared on the scene, its usage has gained international recognition with both common law and civil law countries following the trend. Being faced with similar problems associated with litigation, Zambia has followed the trend and adopted some ADR mechanisms. Most commonly used ADR mechanisms in Zambia are mediation/conciliation, arbitration and negotiation. The legal and institutional frameworks for ADR in Zambia are firmly in place. It is thus, not far fetched to predict a successful future for ADR in which it will enjoy the support of the major stakeholders and play a vital role in justice delivery in Zambia.
This thesis has a section on the conceptual framework for ADR and discusses the development of ADR internationally and some processes in use. It examines selected institutions of justice delivery in Zambia with a view to evaluating their operations and contribution to justice delivery in Zambia. It traces the development of institutions of justice delivery in Zambia from colonial times up to the present and assesses their performance. ADR processes currently in use in Zambia are critically examined and their shortcomings reviewed. The legal and institutional frameworks for ADR and the role they play of providing the supporting structure for ADR in the country are evaluated. Future prospects for ADR are indicated and recommendations for successful implementation of ADR in Zambia are given.Jurisprudence
LL.D.
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Walker, Sharon. "Influences on juvenile - justice court dispositions : sentencing disparities, race, legal representaion, degree of offending, and conflict in the juvenile justice system /." 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/35.
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Novotná, Markéta. "Švýcarský Spolkový soud." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437589.
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1 Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland Abstract The aim of this thesis is to outline the position of the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland in the Swiss legal system and to discuss whether an extension of the judicial review on federal statutes should de lege ferenda take place. The first chapter serves as a brief description of the formation of Switzerland as well as of the Federal Supreme Court itself. The second chapter deals with the position of the Federal Supreme Court in the Swiss legal system along with its internal organisation. The third chapter is dedicated to the various types of constitutional jurisdiction from a theoretical point of view. The fourth chapter's purpose is to offer an overview of the current legal framework of constitutional jurisdiction in Switzerland. The fifth chapter acts as an evaluation of the various arguments for and against the implementation of judicial review of federal statutes. The Swiss legal system is generally very well known for its uniqueness and emphasis on the principle of sovereignty of the people. Although it is often used as an example of a well functioning democracy, there are parts of it that can be subject to critical dispute. Key words: Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland, swiss legal system, judicial review
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Mangis, Daniel Edward. "Distinguishing between the Law and the Legal : a rhetorical analysis of judicial argument and media coverage of the U.S. Supreme Court's deliberations in the University of Michigan affirmative action cases." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/29637.
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This dissertation provides a theoretically grounded framework for investigating "legal rhetoric." By making a distinction between the discursive elements of a Legal system and the broader rhetorical notion of Law, rhetorical critics can better understand the interdependent relationship between citizens, their legal structures, and their cultures. The Legal system represents the forum in which legal disputes are addressed. In contrast, the Law signifies the principles of justice and fairness that give rise to legal disputes addressed by the Legal system. This dissertation emphasizes the important role that media play in disseminating information about specific legal disputes and providing citizens an opportunity to reflect on which principles of justice and fairness are to be valued. This study specifically examines the text, reasoning, and media coverage of Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger, two U.S. Supreme Court cases related to the University of Michigan's use of racial classifications in its admissions process. By comparing which arguments and rhetorical elements from the Supreme Court's 2003 decisions were reported in the press, this dissertation both demonstrates the rhetorical concepts of the "Law" and the "Legal System" and suggests how citizens and rhetorical scholars can more fully critique legal texts.text
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Hercíková, Monika Rita. "Soudní soustava ČR." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-380307.
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The topic of this dissertation focuses on the arrangement of the court system in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to present a basic, comprehensive view of the organisation of the system of courts, elaborated with a closer analysis relating to the personnel composition and overall functioning of the individual courts. The introductory section of the thesis deals with the historical development of the judicial system within the territory of today's Czech Republic, in particular the organisation of the court system during the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938). The court system of the First Republic followed on to a large extent from the legal arrangement of the Austro-Hungarian judicial system, on the basis of the adoption of the Reception Act no. 11/1918 Coll. A gradual unification took place regarding the different arrangement of the court organisations in the Czech lands and in Slovakia. The court system of the First Republic was distinguished by a high degree of specialisation, the courts were divided into regular, specialised and arbitration courts. The system of general courts is formed by district, regional and high courts, the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The thesis also includes a description of the functioning of judicial councils, the...
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DOSTÁL, Petr. "Omezení činnosti soudů během mimořádných událostí." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-79986.
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The thesis discusses the limitations of courts during emergencies and the meaningfulness of the classification system of justice in critical infrastructure. Judicial power is in addition to legislative and executive branches in a classic triangle of state power. The scope of its activities is to introduce the first part. With an analysis of relevant laws to the reader's raised the breadth and importance to society. The text below is followed by a list of incidents that affect the limitations on the exercise of judicial power. They provide a list of departmental emergency preparedness plan and have added two new current threats. The last part of the introductory essay to speak of critical infrastructure, which includes the judiciary. The thesis aims to determine how the judicial administration immune to the impact of emergencies. Whether the system needs more investment in security measures applied so far as eliminating the effect of well-defined emergencies, and if justice is rightly placed in the framework of critical infrastructure. For the actual processing of the results is the methodology used in operational analysis. Specifically, it is the discipline of multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives. The method itself is appropriate for the assessment of phenomena, where the value of multiple criteria. The results are processed according to the principles of the WSA (weighted sum) and Fuller (comparison and scoring method). Naturally, there is comparison of the results of both disciplines. Examined measures designed to limit exposure incidents are classified into thematic blocks. The ranking of construction services, technology, internal structure and physical site security. Taking the first and third block is formed by means of passive protection and the second and fourth block is formed by means of active defense. It is interesting comparison between the blocks and those stand block. A summary of results and their own and departmental analysis of threats to judicial authorities indicate readiness for the events listed in the Plan of departmental emergency preparedness as an emergency.
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Pretorius, Alta. "Assessore : 'n penologiese oorsig." Diss., 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15814.
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Text in AfrikaansDie penologiese perspektief rakende die ontwikkeling/ doel en funksionering van leke-assessore is die onderwerp van hierdie verhandeling. Leke-deelname in die regsplegingstelsel kan terug gevoer word na 1657. Deur die latere oorname van Engelse regsbeginsels1 word die juriestelsel in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg geinkorporeer. Na die afskaffing van die juriestelsel in 1969 berus die beantwoording van sowel feite- as regsvrae slegs by die voorsittende beampte. Hierdie situasie is as onaan vaarbaar beskou en grater leke-deelname word bepleit. Dit is egter eers in 1991 dat die aanwending van leke-assessore in die Suid-Afrikaanse regstelsel 'n realiteit word. Een van die voorvereistes vir die aanstel van assessore is dat die aanstelling dienstig vir die regspleging moet wees. Die vraag waarmee penoloe en juriste worstel, is of die aanwending van assessore tans wel bevorderlik vir gesonde regspleging is. Uit empiriese navorsing het dit geblyk nie die geval te wees nie. Derhalwe word 'n opleidingsprogram vir assessore voorgestel
The subject of perspective on tioning of lay justice. this dissertation is a penological the development/ purpose and tunc assessors in the administration of The use of lay assessors can be traced back as far as 1657. As a result of the adoption of the British law principles/ the jury system was incorporated in South African law. After the abolition of the jury in 1969/ the answering of factual and judicial questions resides in the presiding officer. This situation was unacceptable and lay participation was advocated. The use of lay assessors became a reality in 1991. The prerequisite for the appointment of an assessor is that it should be expedient for the administration of justice. But are the use of lay assessors beneficial at this stage? From the empirical research it is evident that it is not beneficial at all and therefore the researcher recommends a training programme for lay assessors.
Penology
M.A. (Penologie)