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1
Peleckytė, Urtė. "Homeopatiškai paruošti preparatai iš Juglans nigra L. kevalo: biologiškai aktyvių junginių analizė ir antioksidacinio aktyvumo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140701_144628-19868.
Full textAbstract:
Homeopatiniais vadinami preparatai, kurie yra pagaminti iš homeopatinių žaliavų, naudojant homeopatinės gamybos procedūras. Biologiniam homeopatinių preparatų aktyvumui tirti mokslininkai naudoja tuos pačius tyrimų metodus, kaip ir kitų rūšių cheminiams preparatams [32]. Šiam tyrimui pasirinkta homeopatinė juodojo riešuto (Juglans nigra L.) kevalo tinktūra ir jos D1 bei C1 praskiedimai – tai nedidelio laipsnio skiediniai, kuriuose veikliąsias medžiagas dar galima įdentifikuoti ir koncentracijas bei biologinį aktyvumą vertinti turimais tyrimo metodais.
Mokslinės literatūros šaltiniuose skelbiama, jog juodojo riešuto kevale yra devynios pagrindinės cheminės medžiagos [29]. Nustatyta, jog riešuto viena iš pagrindinių veikliųjų medžagų yra juglonas, kuris turi citotoksinių savybių prieš melonomos, kepenų, plaučių, širdies, kraujo ląsteles [25,28,38,39]. Kadangi mokslinių tyrimų su preparatais, pagamintais iš juodojo riešuto, atlikta nedaug, todėl buvo pasirinkta ištirti polifenolinių junginių, juglono kiekį pagamintuose tirpaluose bei nustatyti jų antioksidacines savybes.
Darbo tikslas:
Homeopatiškai paruošti iš juodojo riešuto kevalo pradinę tinktūrą ir jos D1 bei C1 praskiedimus, ištirti polifenolinių junginių, juglono kiekį ir įvertinti antioksidantinį aktyvumą.
Metodai:
Pagaminta pradinė homeopatinė tinktūra (urtinktūra) ir jos skiediniai pagal Homeopatijos farmakopėjos reikalavimus (HAB 2000, 3a taisyklė).
Spektrofotometriškai nustatytas polifenolinių junginių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Preparations referred to as homoeopathic are those made of homoeopathic raw materials using homoeopathic manufacturing procedures. In order to measure biological activity of homoeopathic preparations scientists use the same investigation methods as with other kinds of chemical products [30]. For this study homoeopathic tincture of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) shell and its D1and C1 dilutions have been selected as these produce low-grade solutions in which active substances still can be identified and concentrations as well as bioactivity can be assessed by available methods of testing. The scientific literature sources state that the black walnut shell contains nine basic chemical substances [29]. It is found that one of the basic active ingredients is juglone which possesses cytotoxic properties effective against melanoma, the liver, lung, heart and blood cells. [25,28,38,39]. As the studies of black walnut preparations are not so common, we have chosen to investigate the juglone amount and polyphenolic compounds in solutions and to measure their antioxidant properties. The aim of the research: To produce homoeopathically original tincture of the black walnut shell and its D1 and C1 dilutions, to explore polyphenolic compounds, the level of juglone and evaluate their antioxidant activity. The methodology: Original homoeopathic tincture (urtincture) and its solutions were produced following the specification of Homoeopathy Pharmacopoeia (HAB 2000, rule 3a)... [to full text]
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GILLES, V. "Síntese de novos inibidores COMBO naftoquinônicos não-poliméricos para indústria do petróleo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4716.
Full textAbstract:
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-29Diversos problemas são encontrados durante as fases de produção e refino de petróleo. Devido à grande diversidade de condições de temperatura e pressão sob as quais os óleos crus são submetidos, não é incomum que alterações na solubilidade das substâncias ali presentes causem a precipitação de compostos orgânicos, em especial parafinas de alto peso molecular. Dentre as principais técnicas de remedição frente a precipitação encontra-se o uso de inibidores químicos. Estes apresentam a vantagem de serem facilmente aplicados nas linhas, acrescidos ao baixo custo. No presente trabalho foram sintetizados dez novos inibidores químicos de deposição de parafinas derivados da juglona (5-hidroxi-1,4-naftquinona) e da lausona (2-hidroxi-1,4-naftoquinona) funcionalizados como ésteres de ácidos graxos. Foi realizado um estudo metodológico para obtenção de três ésteres diretos da juglona (32a-c). Esses ésteres foram preparados segundo metodologia de Steglich modificada com rendimentos de 50 a 54 %, resultados significativamente maiores ao reportados anteriormente na literatura. Os ésteres derivados da lausona (33a-e, 56 e 60) foram obtidos após adição de uma cadeia lateral espaçadora com excelentes rendimentos, maiores que 90% para a etapa de esterificação. Posteriormente, os produtos foram avaliados como inibidores de precipitação pela alteração da TIAC via ensaios calorimétricos e por Ponto de Fluidez segundo a ASTM D5853. Foi realizado o estudo de concentração ótima que evidenciou 200 ppm como a mais eficiente. Os inibidores derivados da lausona foram testados quanto a redução da TIAC e do ponto de fluidez em dois óleos crus onde os produtos 33c e 33d, derivados dos ácidos palmítico e esteárico, destacaram-se com os melhores resultados nas duas propriedades, superando também um inibidor comercial aplicado nas mesmas condições (controle positivo). Avaliou-se o tamanho da cadeia lateral na redução do ponto de fluidez e foi observado que o aumento de 2 para 5 carbonos diminui a eficiência do inibidor no óleo testado. Foi também estudado o tipo do heteroátomo na união da cadeia lateral com o anel naftoquinônicos e concluiu-se que o composto com nitrogênio é mais eficiente do que o que contém enxofre.
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Kviecinski, Maicon Roberto. "Atividade antitumoral de extratos de bidens pilosa linné ricos em poliacetilenos e de juglona associada ao ascorbato." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106886.
Full textAbstract:
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Florianópolis, 2013Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T22:39:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 317579.pdf: 2266949 bytes, checksum: c109cde9b9c0ab36f488fbf71f7b4fbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Introdução. Bidens pilosa L. é uma planta considerada medicinal que contém poliacetilenos presumivelmente responsáveis por ações antitumorais. As quinonas, como a juglona, também compreendem uma classe de substâncias de interesse por seu potencial antitumoral. Além disto, evidências indicam que a associação de ascorbato com algumas quinonas pode potencializar a atividade antitumoral. Objetivos. Avaliar o efeito antitumoral do extrato de B.pilosa obtido pela tecnologia supercrítica, a fim de obter um extrato rico em poliacetilenos (SFE) com atividade superior em comparação ao extrato obtido por maceração hidroetanólica (HCE). Testar a administração de juglona isoladamente ou em associação ao ascorbato em células T24 pela citotoxicidade; caracterizado o mecanismo de morte celular induzido, indução de estresse oxidativo, efeito antiproliferativo e preliminarmente, anti-invasivo in vitro. Por fim, avaliar a administração de juglona e ascorbato em associação a quimioterápicos convencionais, doxorrubicina e cisplatina. Metodologia. A composição fitoquimica dos extratos foi avaliada por cromatografia em camada delgada e espectrofotometria UV-Vis. A citotoxicidade para células MCF-7 e T24 foi avaliada pelo ensaio do MTT. O potencial lesivo sobre o DNA foi avaliado in vitro pela motilidade eletroforética de DNA plasmidial e imunoeletroforese para fosforilação da histona gama-H2Ax em células T24. Foram avaliados marcadores de danos oxidativos, geração celular de EROs e conteúdo de GSH, também a fosforilação do fator de iniciação eucariótico 2 eIF2a. Foi avaliada a morfologia das células em processo de morte, sendo também verificada a ativação de caspases por espectrofluorimetria e clivagem da poli (ADP-ribose) polimerase (PARP) por imunoeletroforese. A atividade antiproliferativa foi medida pelo ensaio de formação de colônias. A inibição da motilidade celular foi investigada pelo ensaio de migração. A atividade antitumoral in vivo foi medida em camundongos Balb-c portadores de tumor ascítico de Ehrlich. Resultados. Os espectros sobre os constituintes majoritários de SFE apresentaram bandas típicas de poliacetilenos com picos de absorção na faixa do UV registrados em 208, 269 e 334 nm. A citotoxicidade in vitro foi dependente da concentração dos extratos. Às 24h, a CI50 foi 811 e 437 µg/mL, respectivamente para HCE e SFE, reduzindo para 291 µg/mL às 48h, no caso de SFE. Às 24h, a CI50 foi 28,5 µM para juglona, reduzindo para 6,3 µM, quando associada ao ascorbato 1 mM. A citotoxicidade da cisplatina chegou a dobrar devida sua associação com juglona e ascorbato. HCE causou danos no DNA em 160 µg/mL, ao passo que 40 µg/mL de SFE causaram danos equivalentes. Juglona iniciou danos sobre o DNA em 20 µM, ao passo que 5 µM associados ao ascorbato 1 mM causaram danos equivalentes. A juglona induziu à geração celular de EROs e consumo de GSH; iniciando fosforilação do eIF2a que indica estresse de retículo endoplasmático. Estes efeitos foram potencializados em até 4 vezes pela associação ao ascorbato. A juglona sozinha ou associada ao ascorbato não causou ativação de caspases; corroborando a morfologia das células T24 em processo de morte, o processo induzido provavelmente está mais relacionado à necrose. Em tratamentos subletais, a juglona diminuiu a proliferação e a motilidade de células T24, ambos os processos potencializados pela associação ao ascorbato, que induziu à morte clonogênica. Finalmente, os ensaios in vivo indicaram que ambos os extratos de B. pilosa apresentaram atividade, mas SFE causou redução superior do volume de líquido ascítico e células compactadas (4 ± 1 e 1 ± 0,4 mL, respectivamente), ao mesmo tempo em que resultou em maior aumento no tempo de sobrevida (~31%) em comparação aos animais do controle negativo. A inibição do crescimento tumoral determinada para HCE foi de cerca de 40%, ao passo que esta determinação ultrapassou 60% no caso de SFE. Conclusão. A extração com fluido de CO2 supercrítico é uma alternativa para a obtenção de um extrato de B. pilosa rico em poliacetilenos citotóxicos com atividade antitumoral superior em comparação ao extrato obtido por maceração hidroetanólica. O ascorbato potencializa a citotoxicidade, o efeito antiproliferativo e inibidor da motilidade de células T24 in vitro da juglona. Os achados deste trabalho levam a sugerir que a dose do tratamento feito com juglona pode ser ajustada, em termos de redução da mesma, em até 4 vezes, se a juglona for administrada em associação ao ascorbato.
Abstract: Introduction. Bidens pilosa L. is a plant considered medicinal containing polyacetylenes expected to be responsible for antitumor actions. Quinones, such as juglone, comprise a class of substances of interest also due to their antitumor potential. Furthermore, evidences indicate that the combination of ascorbate with some quinones can result in potentiated antitumor activity. Objectives. The supercritical technology was assessed to obtain an extract from B.pilosa rich in polyacetylenes (SFE) with superior antitumor activity compared to that of the extract obtained by hydroethanol maceration (HCE). Juglone was tested administered alone and/or combined with ascorbate on T24 cells for cytotoxicity, the mechanism of cell demise was characterized, oxidative stress induction; antiproliferative and, preliminarily, anti-invasive effects. Juglone and ascorbate were evaluated for the cytotoxicity in combination with the conventional chemotherapics doxorubicin and cisplatin. Methodology. The phytochemical composition of extracts was evaluated by thin layer chromatography with UV-Vis spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and T24 cells was checked by the MTT assay. The damaging potential on DNA was assessed in vitro by the electrophoretic motility of plasmid DNA and immunoelectrophoresis for phosphorylation of histone gamma-H2Ax in T24 cells. Markers of oxidative stress, ROS generation and GSH consumption, and the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2á were analyzed as well. The induced cell death process was monitored by caspase activation through spectrofluorimetry and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage by immunoelectrophoresis. The antiproliferativo action was measured by the colony forming assay. Cell motility inhibition was investigated by a migration assay. In vivo antitumor activity was measured in Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing Balb-c mice. Results. Spectra about the major constituents in SFE presented typical bands of polyacetylenes recorded in UV at 208, 269 and 334 nm. Cytotoxicity in vitro was concentration-dependent. At 24 h, IC50 was 811 and 437 ìg/mL, respectively for HCE and SFE on MCF-7 cells, falling to 291 ìg/mL at 48 h, in the case of SFE. At 24h, IC50 was 28.5 ìM for juglone on T24 cells, falling to 6.3 ìM when it was combined with ascorbate 1 mM. At 24 h, the cisplatin#s cytoxicity on T24 cells increased up to 2-fold due to its combination with juglone and ascorbate. HCE caused DNA damage at 160 ìg/mL, whereas SFE at 40 ìg/mL caused equivalent damage. Juglone triggered DNA damage at 20 ìM, whereas 5 ìM in combination with ascorbate 1 mM caused equivalent damage. Juglone caused reduction in terms of ROS generation and increased GSH consumption, triggering eiF2á phosphorylation that indicates endoplasmic reticulum stress. These actions were potentiated up to 4-fold due to the combination of juglone with ascorbate. Juglone alone or combined with ascorbate did not cause caspase activation, corroborating T24 cell morphology under demise, the induced cell death process seems to be close related to necrosis. Under sublethal treatments, juglone reduced the proliferation and the motility of T24 cells, both actions were potentiated due to the combination with ascorbate, something that finally induced to clonogenic cell death. In vivo assays indicated that both extracts from B. pilosa had activity, but SFE caused superior reduction in terms of ascitic fluid volume and packed cells (4 ± 1 e 1 ± 0.4 mL, respectively). Furthermore, SFE increased more the animals life span (~31%) compared to animals from the negative control. The tumor growth inhibition by HCE was about 40%, whereas more than 60% was reached by SFE. Conclusion. Supercritical extraction with fluid CO2 is a choice to obtain an extract from B. pilosa rich in cytotoxic polyacetylenes with superior antitumor activity in comparison to that of the extract obtained by hydroethanol maceration. Ascorbate potentiated the cytotoxicity, the antiproliferative action and the inhibition of T24 cells motility in vitro by juglone. These findings lead to suggest that the dose of the treatment done with juglone can be adjusted, in terms of reduction, up to 4-fold, if juglone is administered in combination with ascorbate.
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Nunes, Ana Filipa Pereira. "Desenvolvimento da síntese de possíveis indutores da glicoproteína-P." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8542.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Mestrado em BioorgânicaNeste trabalho foram sintetizados os compostos 7-metil-juglona e emodina, e respectivos derivados, utilizando uma abordagem de reacção de Diels-Alder. Para a obtenção dos compostos referidos, sintetizou-se e optimizou-se o processo de obtenção dos dienos necessários. O dieno de Danishesfky (η = 84%) foi utilizado como material de partida na síntese da 7-metil-juglona. Para obter o dieno de Brassard (η = 92%), material de partida na síntese do emodina, sintetizou-se primariamente o seu percursor metil β-metoxi-etanonato (η = 97%). A obtenção do composta 7-metil-juglona (η = 61 %) e do seu derivado metoxilado (η = 52 %) foi bem-sucedida, procedendo-se a diversas optimizações ao processo de síntese. A síntese do derivado metoxilado da emodina (η = 14%) também foi efectuada. Na conversão do derivado metoxilado da 7 metil juglona em emodina antrona obteve-se além composto previsto (η = 15%) o seu derivado monometoxilado (η = 43%). As tentativas de glicosilação da 7-metil-juglona, do seu derivado e da emodina, com 4-tetraacetato-1-bromo-α-D-glucosee 5-pentaacetato-β-D-glucose não foram bem sucedidas até à data.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - (projecto PTDC/SAU-OSM/101437/2008)
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Rucký, Jakub. "Fytotoxicita vybraných naftochinonů na vybraném rostlinném modelu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220020.
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The introductory part of this thesis is focused on the theoretical analysis of solved problems as examining the toxicity of naphthoquinones plumbagine and juglone, especially with regard to their allelopatic action. The next section is focuses on the plant stress, caused by the action of stress factors leading to their death. There is an experimental protocol and the possibilities of determination the effect of naphthoquinones on the plant model. Experimental section discusses changing growth parameters of the plant samples in different concentrations of the naphthoquinone. There is examined cell viability and changes in the synthesis of the secondary metabolites. Data obtained by using spectrophotometric and microscopic analysis are evaluated with STATISTICA software and statistical significance are plotted.
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Keturakytė, Vytautė. "Skystųjų preparatų iš Juglans nigra L. lapų gamyba, biologiškai aktyvių junginių kiekio įvertinimas ir antioksidacinio aktyvumo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_215819-93554.
Full textAbstract:
Tyrimo tikslas - pagaminti vandenines ir etanolines ištraukas iš Junglans nigra L. lapų ir įvertinti bendrą fenolinių junginių, bendrą flavonoidų, juglono kiekį bei nustatyti antioksidacinį aktyvumą.
Metodika:
1. Tyrimo objektai: 70% etanolinė juodojo riešutmedžio tinktūra, vandeninė juodojo riešutmedžio lapų ištrauka bei gamyklinis “Black Walnut” 1:1 ekstraktas (gamintojas „Nature's Answer”, JAV).
2. Ištraukų iš J. nigra lapų gamyba.
1) Etanolinės tinktūros gamyba. Pritaikius perkoliacijos metodą iš juodojo riešutmedžio lapų žaliavos, naudojant 70% etanolį, buvo pagaminta tinktūra (santykis 1:10).
2) Vandeninė ištrauka. 10 g smulkintos lapų žaliavos buvo užpilta 120 ml verdančio vandens ir kaitinta 1 val. Ištrauka nufiltruota pro 4 nr. Vatmano filtrą.
3. Kokybinės flavonoidų įvertinimo reakcijos.
4. Bendras fenolinių junginių nustatymas naudojant Folin – Ciocalteu metodą (standartas – galo r.)
5. Bendras flavonoidų kiekio nustatymas spektrofotometriniu būdu, naudojant AlCl3 tirpalą (standartas - rutinas).
6. Juglono kiekio nustatymas spektrofotometriniu būdu.
7. Antioksidacinio aktyvumo įvertinimas fluorimetriniu būdu, naudojant 10-acetil-3,7-dihidroksifenoksazinas (AMR) ir krienų peroksidazę (HPR).
Rezultatai. Bendram fenolinių junginių, bendram flavonoidų bei juglono išekstrahuoto kiekio palyginimui buvo pagamintos J. nigra lapų etanolinė ir vandeninė ištraukos. Tiriamų objektų biologiškai aktyvių komponentų kiekiai buvo palyginti su gamykliniu „Black Walnut“ ekstraktu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Aim of the work - produce aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Junglans nigra leaves, evaluate the total phenolic and total flavonoids content, juglone concentration and identify antioxidant activity. Methods: 1. Objects of study: ethanolic tincture and aqueous extract of black walnut leaves, “Black Walnut” extract, 1:1 („Nature's Answer”, USA). 2. Liquid preparations of J. nigra leaves production: 1) Ethanolic tincture production. Tincture was produced of black walnut leaves applying the method of percolation. The 70% ethanol was used. Tincture ratio is 1:10. 2) Aqueous exract production. 10 g shredded leaves of black walnut were extracted with 120 ml of boiling wather for 1 hours. After boiling extract was filtered throught the Whatman paper no. 4. 3. Qualitative evaluation of flavonoids. 4. Total phenolic content was determined by spectrophotometric (Folin - Ciocalteau) method. 5. Total flavonoids content was measured with an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay using spectrophotometer. 6. Juglone determination by spectrophotometric method. 7. Fluorimetric antioxidant activity assay by using N-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (Amplex Red) and horseradish peroxidase (HPR). Results. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of J. nigra leaves were made to compare total phenolic, total flavonoids content, juglone concentration. Biologically active components study results of ethanolic and aqueous extracts were compared with “Black Walnut” extract. The highest total phenolic and total... [to full text]
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Costa, Cícero de Oliveira. "Estudos bioeletroquímicos de quinonas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/2238.
Full textAbstract:
Many quinones have been associated with a wide range of biological activities, including antitumoral, antimalarial, larvicidal and antibacterial activities. Although, there are many clinically important agents containing a quinone nucleus with excellent anticancer activity, many other quinones require testing for additional activities, for instance: Oncocalyxone A, Juglone, Biflorin and some hydroxylated and
halogenated quinones. DNA represents one of the main targets of biologically active quinonoid compounds, which, generally, belong to the group of DNA intercalating and/or alkylating agents, and/or topoisomerase inhibitors. As such, the use of DNA biosensors or other electrochemical methods based on the investigation of nucleic acid/organic compound interaction, would allow to predicting a biological action, if this one is related to damage to DNA. Due to the importance of quinones, for instance,
Oncocalyxone A, Juglone and Biflorin, electrochemical analysis and the development of a new electroanalytical method for detection in nanomolar quantities, together with DNA interaction analysis with those quinones was therein performed. We have used diverse electrochemical methods performed in protic and aprotic media, using glassy carbon electrode, Ag/AgCl electrode as reference and latinum wire as counter electrode. The pKa of juglone was determined (5.98). The development of a highly
sensitive voltammetric sensor for oncocalyxone A using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a bilayer iron(II) tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (FeTSPc) and iron(III) tetra-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphyrin (FeT4MPyP) was described. The modified electrode showed catalytic activity and stability for the oncocalyxone A reduction, provoking the anodic shift of the reduction peak potentials of ca. 30 mV and
presenting much higher peak currents than those obtained on the bare GC electrode. A wide linear response range between 0.005-1.210-6 mol L-1, with a sensitivity of 8.11 μA L μmol-1 and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 1.5 and 5.010-9 mol L-1 were obtained with this sensor, respectively. The interaction of chosen quinones with ssDNA, poly-guanilic and poly-adenilic acid was investigated, using voltammetric analysis, in solution. The DNA interaction investigation with juglone, oncocalyxone and biflorin had shown significant DNA activity, represented by the decrease of oxidation current and shift of oxidation peaks of guanine and adenine and the binding constant values obtained for these aducts; these observations could be related to Michael addition reaction, among other possible effects. Some of the quinones do not cause any change on the oxidation peaks of the
used bases, as is the case of -lapachone, being used as negative control. These results, upon comparison with biological/ pharmacological activities, show correlation and indicate electrochemistry and DNA sensors as important tools in the screening of biologically active compounds.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Muitas quinonas têm sido associadas a uma grande variedade de atividades biológicas, incluindo atividades antitumorais, antimaláricas, larvicidas e antibacterianas. Embora existam muitos agentes clinicamente importantes contendo núcleo quinônico com excelente atividade anticâncer, muitas outras quinonas requerem testes para busca de atividades adicionais, como por exemplo: Oncocalixona A, Juglona, Biflorina e outras quinonas hidroxiladas e halogenadas. O DNA representa um dos principais alvos de compostos quinônicos, que, geralmente, pertencem aos grupos de intercaladores de DNA e/ou agentes alquilantes, e/ou inibidores de topoisomerases. Desta forma, o uso de biossensores de DNA ou outros métodos eletroquímicos baseados na investigação da interação entre ácidos nucléicos e compostos orgânicos, permitiria predizer a ação biológica, e se estas estão relacionadas aos danos ao DNA. Devido à importância das quinonas, entre elas, Oncocalixona A, Juglona e Biflorina, análises eletroquímicas e eletroanalíticas para detecção em quantidades nanomolares, bem como a investigação da interação destas quinonas com o DNA foram realizadas, no presente trabalho.Utilizou-se uma série de métodos eletroquímicos, em diferentes condições, em meios aprótico e prótico, usando eletrodo de carbono vítreo, como eletrodo de trabalho, Ag/AgCl, como eletrodo de referência e fio de platina, como contra-eletrodo. O pKa da juglona foi determinado (5,98). O desenvolvimento de um sensor voltamétrico altamente sensível para oncocalixona A, usando eletrodo de carbono vítreo modificado com uma bicamada de ftalocianina tetrassulfonada de ferro(II) (FeTSPc) e tetra-(N-metil- 4-piridil)-porfirina de ferro(III) (FeT4MPyP) foi descrito. O eletrodo modificado mostrou atividade catalítica e estabilidade para a redução da oncocalixona A, proporcionando o deslocamento anódico do potencial de pico de redução de ca. 30mV, apresentando correntes de pico maiores do que aquelas obtidas em eletrodo de carbono vítreo limpo. Uma faixa linear entre 0,005-1,210-6 mol L-1, com uma sensibilidade de 8,11 μA L μmol-1 e limites de detecção (LD) e quantificação (LQ) de 1,5 e 5,010-9 mol L-1 foram obtidos com este sensor, respectivamente. A interação das quinonas escolhidas com ssDNA, ácido poliguanílico e ácido poliadenílico foi investigada usando análises voltamétricas, em solução. Juglona, oncocalixona e biflorina mostraram forte interação em relação ao DNA, representado experimentalmente pela diminuição da corrente de oxidação e deslocamento dos picos diagnósticos de guanina e adenina, bem como pelos valores das constantes de associação calculadas para o aduto formado. Algumas das quinonas não causaram qualquer mudança nos picos de oxidação das bases usadas, como foi o caso da -lapachona, o que serviu como controle negativo, indispensável em relação a comparações com métodos farmacológicos. Estes resultados foram correlacionados positivamente com atividades biológicas/farmacológicas. Sensores de DNA são importantes ferramentas no mapeamento de compostos biologicamente ativos.
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Klimešová, Marie. "Elektroforetické a imunofluorescenční metody ve studiu rostlinných buněčných kultur." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220055.
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In all organisms are rising a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by the effects of various stress factors and these species have a negative impact on the organism. Due to this species plants have built up an efficient antioxidant system, that helps them to resist negative effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In this work was researched the effect of hydrogen peroxide and sodium benzoate on the production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, reactive nitrogen species and malondialdehyde, contained in the root and above-ground part of maize (Zea mays L.). By use of the fluorescence microscopy there were obtained images of cross-cut of root from which was determined the intensity of fluorescence of individual parts of the root and was examined the effect of the intensity of fluorescence markers of oxidative stress in dependence on the type of the fluorescence filter used.
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Thakur, Ajay. "Genetic variation of Juglans regia L." Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431492.
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Meynier, Véronique. "Propagation "in vitro" de noyers sélectionnés, Juglans regia, Juglans nigra x regia culture de noeuds, culture de méristèmes." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375949653.
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Achatz, Michaela [Verfasser]. "Hyphal mediated transport processes of the allelochemical juglone in soil / Michaela Achatz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045604208/34.
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Mohamed, Awaz. "Relations entre phénologie de la croissance souterraine et aérienne de noyers hybrides en systèmes agroforestiers tempérés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT154/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’étude de la phénologie des plantes est primordiale pour comprendre leur réponse aux changements globaux. Alors que de nombreuses études ont été consacrées à la phénologie aérienne, les difficultés d’observations de la phénologie des parties sou terraines d’une plante, font que leurs déterminants sont encore trop peu connu. La dynamique racinaire est considérée comme jouant un rôle clef dans le cycle et la séquestration du carbone dans le sol, et il est aujourd’hui important de surmonter les difficultés méthodologiques afin de mener des études sur la dynamique racinaire sur plusieurs années en conditions non-contrôlées. Notre premier objectif ici était donc de mettre au point et d’évaluer différentes techniques d’observation de la croissance racinaire sur le terrain. Le modèle choisi pour cela est le noyer hybride (Juglans L.), en système agroforestiers. L’utilisation du scan incorporé au smartphone s’est avéré être le meilleur compromis pour l’acquisition d’image à partir de rhizotrons, excepté en cas d’automatisation de la prise d’images, où la caméra automatique constitue la meilleur alternative (jusqu’à 4 mois d’autonomie). Notre deuxième objectif était de déterminer en milieu naturel les facteurs prédominants de la dynamique racinaire. Nous avons en particulier (i) testé l’hypothèse de la synchronicité des phénologies aériennes et racinaires de la plante, (ii) évalué l’effet de fluctuations climatiques sur la dynamique racinaire dans des environnements contrastés (climats méditerranéen, océanique, continental), (iii) et cherché à comprendre si cette réponse aux facteurs externes était conditionnée par la typologie racinaire. Les résultats ont permis de montrer l’indépendance des phénologies aériennes et racinaires, mais la synchronisation des croissances racinaires et radiale du tronc. Le principal facteur influençant la dynamique racinaire est la température du sol, et à moindre mesure l’humidité du sol avec des effets contrastés selon le climat. Les réponses des dynamiques racinaires aux variables environnementales sont propres à chaque site, avec un fort impact de l’ordre topologique sur les taux d’initiation et de survie. Ces résultats permettront non seulement une meilleur compréhension du jouait par les systèmes racinaires sur le cycle du carbone, mais aussi l’amélioration des modèles écophysiologiques. De futurs études sont néanmoins nécessaires d’autres études sont attendues pour renforcer les connaissances acquises dans ce projet, sur la compréhension des déterminants de l’initiation, de la croissance, et de la longévité racinaire des arbres, notamment via la création de bases de données et l’utilisation de méta-analysesThe study of phenology is primordial to understand tree response to climate change. Although many studies have examined shoot phenology, the difficulties in observing root system growth have resulted in a poor understanding of root phenology. As root system dynamics are considered as playing a major role in carbon cycling and sequestration, it is necessary to overcome methodological difficulties, so that root demography can be studied in the field and over several years. Our first objective was therefore to develop and evaluate methods for studying root system growth in the field. Studying mature hybrid walnut (Juglans L.), growing in agroforests, We showed that smartphone scanners are the best adapted tool for acquiring high quality images of tree roots growing in field rhizotrons. However, time-lapse cameras were good alternatives when a fully automated method was required (up to 4 months autonomy). Our second objective was to determine the main drivers of walnut hybrid root growth in field conditions. In particular, (i) We hypothesized that shoot and root phenologies were asynchronous, (ii) We evaluated the effect of environmental factors on root growth along a latitudinal gradient comprising three climates (Mediterranean, oceanic and continental) and (iii) We determined how phenology and environmental factors influenced root dynamics depending on root morphology and topology. Results show that flushes of fine root growth are not synchronized with budburst and leaf expansion, but are synchronized with stem and coarse root radial growth. Soil temperature was on the whole the main driver of root growth, and to a lesser extent, soil humidity, but which had contrasting effects on root growth. Root topological order had a major influence on root response to environmental variables, reflected in root elongation, production and longevity. Results will be highly useful not only for a better understanding of the role that root systems play in the carbon cycle, but also for tree ecophysiological models. Future studies should expand the knowledge gained here into a global understanding of the drivers of tree root initiation, growth and longevity, through the creation of databases and the use of meta-analyses
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Hemery, Gabriel E. "Juglans regia L : genetic variation and provenance performance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:160d3486-f71c-4575-84e7-85dc64b3222f.
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A range-wide collection of Juglans regia seeds was undertaken in autumn 1997 from 12 countries, including 25 provenances and 375 half-sib progenies. 2200 seedlings were produced using innovative nursery techniques. The seedlings were planted in three provenance trials in southern England in 1999, the largest of which acted as a combined provenance/progeny trial. After one growing season, survival was 98.9 %, mean height growth 35 cm, and mean stem diameter increment 5 mm. Provenance differences for both height and stem diameter increment were highly significant (p<0.001). There were no significant genotype × environment interactions. Flushing assessments revealed few significant differences between provenances and flushing was complete by early April. Family heritability for tree height was 0.19 at one site and, with combined selection, genetic gain was estimated at 8 %. The effects of three types of treeshelter and a stumping treatment on walnut establishment were tested over three growing seasons. Treeshelters were found beneficial to height increment. However, 120 cm tall shelters promoted early flushing, and consequent risk of increased frost damage, and caused more stem die-back than 75 cm shelters. Stumping promoted rapid early height increment but gave no longer-term benefit. The crown (cd) and stem (dbh) diameter at breast height relationship of open growing trees in Britain was assessed and was highly significant (r2 = 0.96, p<0.001). The regression equation (cd = 2.71 + 17.6dbh) permitted the estimation of suitable planting densities for the provenance trials and the calculation of a thinning regime. Isozyme analysis of the 375 genotypes identified 20 loci in 15 enzyme systems with seed embryo extracts. Using young leaf extracts, the polymorphic locus Pgm-1 indicated low expected heterozygosity of 0.06 both within populations and at the species level. FST and GST estimates, both 0.05, indicated high uniformity among populations. Genetic distance estimates did not identify significant clustering consistent with geographic origin.
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Ribeiro, Hugo Miguel Antunes. "Ensaios sobre microenxertia em nogueira (Juglans regia L.)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29912.
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As técnicas de cultura in vitro têm contribuído para a optimização de protocolos de propagação do género Juglans. Neste trabalho foi testada a técnica de microenxertia de J. regia em híbrido ‘Paradox’. Foi efectuado o enraizamento ex vitro em simultâneo com a enxertia. Foi avaliada a influência da presença de folhas no enxerto e no porta-enxerto na taxa de sucesso da técnica, assim como o despiste de Cherry leaf roll virus. Verificou-se que a presença de folhas foi um requisito obrigatório para o sucesso da enxertia e do enraizamento. A enxertia apresentou uma taxa média de sucesso de 84,6 % e a taxa de aclimatização aos 60 dias foi 86,4 %. Detectaram-se amostras suspeitas de serem positivas para a presença de Cherry leaf roll virus. A técnica de microenxertia apresentada mostrou-se viável tecnicamente e eventualmente com condições de competir com as técnicas tradicionais de enxertia em viveiro; ABSTRACT:
Trials about walnut (Juglans regia L.) micrografting.
In vitro culture techniques have contributed to the optimization of propagation protocols of the genus Juglans. Here the micrografting technique was tested with J. regia grafted in a 'Paradox' hybrid. Rooting ex vitro was performed simultaneously with grafting. The influence of the presence of leaves on the graft and rootstock on the success rate of the technique was evaluated, as well as the screening of Cherry leaf roll virus. It was found that the presence of leaves, in the graft or in the rootstock, or in both, was a mandatory requirement for the grafting success. The grafting success presented a final global average of 84.6% and the acclimatization rate at 60 days was 86.4%. Samples putatively positive for the presence of Cherry leaf roll virus were detected. The micrografting technique here presented seems to be technically feasible and maybe able to compete with the traditional techniques of nursery grafting.
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Sabatier, Sylvie. "Variabilité morphologique et architecture de deux espèces de noyers : Juglans regia L., Juglans nigra L. et de deux noyers hybrides interspecifiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00106305.
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L'analyse architecturale et l'analyse statistique de la morphologie des pousses annuelles ont permis de caractériser les modes de croissance (préformation, néoformation et polycyclisme) et de ramification des Noyers au cours de leur développement. Les Noyers étudiés sont Juglans regia, Juglans nigra et de deux de leurs hybrides interspécifiques, Juglans major 209 x Juglans regia et Juglans nigra 23 x Juglans regia. Au cours du développement des Noyers, l'évolution des valeurs des paramètres de croissance et de ramification s'effectue de manière précise selon des gradients morphogénétiques connus. Les variations morphologiques interspécifiques reposent essentiellement sur la répartition des rameaux sur les pousses annuelles végétatives et sur la direction de croissance des branches sur le jeune arbre. Elles sont dues à la structure des modules et au moment d'expression de la réitération immédiate, processus déterminant l'édification de la cime, sur l'arbre adulte. Les facteurs du milieu modifient de manière quantitative les étapes de différenciation morphologiques spécifiques. La connaissance de critères morphologiques susceptibles d'être sous contrôle génétique est essentiel en amélioration et sélection des arbres. Les caractèristiques morphologiques des pousses annuelles évoluent de manière précise et ordonnée en fonction de la position architecturale et au cours de l'ontogènie des arbres. Ces résultats peuvent être la base d'une meilleur connaissance des bases physiologiques de l'architecture de l'arbre.
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Sabatier, Sylvie. "Variabilité morphologique et architecturale de deux espèces de noyers : "Juglans regia L.", "Juglans nigra L." et de deux noyers hybrides interspécifiques." Montpellier 2, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00106305.
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L'analyse architecturale et l'analyse statistique de la morphologie des pousses annuelles ont permis de caracteriser les modes de croissance (preformation, neoformation et polycyclisme) et de ramification des noyers au cours de leur developpement. Les noyers etudies sont juglans regia, juglans nigra et de deux de leurs hybrides interspecifiques, juglans major 209 juglans regia et juglans nigra 23 juglans regia. Au cours du developpement des noyers, l'evolution des valeurs des parametres de croissance et de ramification des pousses annuelles s'effectue de maniere precise selon des gradients morphogenetiques connus lies a la position architecturale et a l'ontogenie des arbres. Les variations morphologiques interspecifiques reposent principalement sur la repartition des rameaux sur les pousses annuelles vegetatives et sur la direction de croissance des branches sur le jeune arbre. Elles sont dues a la structure des modules et au moment d'expression de la reiteration immediate, processus determinant l'edification de la cime, sur l'arbre adulte. Les facteurs du milieu modifient de maniere quantitative les etapes de differenciation morphologiques specifiques. L'ensemble des resultats permet de mettre en evidence des criteres morphologiques susceptibles d'etre sous controle genetique et pertinents en amelioration et selection d'arbres. La connaissance de l'evolution de la morphologie des pousses annuelles au cours du developpement des arbres est un element fondamental pour aborder le determinisme physiologique de l'architecture de l'arbre.
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Lucas, Isabelle. "Role des hormones et d'une proteine dans le controle de l'embryogenese somatique adventive chez le noyer hybride (juglans nigra x juglans regia)." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE2041.
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L'embryogenese somatique du noyer hybride (juglans nigra x juglans regia) se deroule de maniere autoentretenue in vitro par embryogenese adventive sur un milieu de culture depourvu de regulateurs de croissance. Cette embryogenese adventive est prejudiciable au developpement ulterieur des plants. Parallelement, la composition hormonale des embryons revele des teneurs importantes en acide-3-acetyl aspartique (aia-aspartate). L'apport d'albumen liquide de noix immatures a des embryons somatiques reduit fortement l'embryogenese adventive. La composition hormonale et proteique de l'albumen montre la preponderance d'une hormone (l'acide indolyl-3-acetique) et d'une proteine (une ltp). Les apports d'une ltp heterologue, de petites molecules (inferieures a 5 kdalton) presentes dans l'albumen a des embryons somatiques modulent aussi l'embryogenese adventive mais moins efficacement que l'albumen entier. Des apports simultanes de ltp et d'acide abscissique (aba) montrent que la ltp renforce l'action inhibitrice de l'aba. Au cours de l'inhibition de l'embryogenese adventive, les embryons revelant des caracteristiques embryogenes significativement differentes, ont des teneurs en aia-aspartate significativement differentes. Les teneurs en aia aspartate seraient d'autant plus faibles que l'embryogenese adventive serait inhibee. La formation d'aia-aspartate refleterait des modifications du metabolisme apparues au cours de traitement inducteur de l'embryogenese somatique
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Guàrdia, Bel Mercè. "Evaluation of autumn frost resistance in Juglans regia L." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/134601.
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Les diferents tasques exposades en aquesta tesi busquen aprofundir en els coneixements sobre la resistència de Juglans regia L. a les gelades de tardor, en les vessants metodològica, genètica i ecofisiològica.
El primer objectiu del treball va ser el determinar una metodologia adequada per avaluar el caràcter “resistència a les gelades de tardor” en J. regia, aspecte recollit en el Capítol I. Es va testar la utilitat del paràmetre Fv/Fm obtingut a partir de la mesura de la fluorescència de les clorofil·les del clorènquima de l’escorça en brots de l’any. Els resultats van ser comparables amb els dels mètodes habitualment utilitzats per avaluar els danys de gelades en brots llenyosos, com són l’anàlisi visual de danys i el càlcul d’alliberació relativa d’electròlits. Aquest primer estudi va permetre establir la temperatura de -8.5ºC com la que ja provoca danys visibles sobre J. regia a la tardor. Tot i ser l'avaluació dels danys per fred mitjançant la Fv/Fm el sistema més fàcil i ràpid, a partir del II capítol, per la naturalesa dels objectius dels diferents assaigs, els mètodes emprats van ser els dos mètodes “clàssics” esmentats.
L’aprofundiment en els coneixements de la genètica d’aquest caràcter adaptatiu es va abordar als capítols II i III. En primer lloc, es va analitzar la relació entre el genotip i l’ambient i el pes relatiu de cada un dels factors pel que fa a la resistència a les gelades de tardor. L’estudi es va realitzar en quatre procedències de Juglans regia L. de la Península Ibèrica, plantades a dues zones ecològicament diferents també dins de la Península Ibérica. Es van detectar diferències temporals en l'aclimatació al fred entre els dos llocs d'assaig; no obstant, l’ordre que ocupava cada procedència en relació als danys observats a cada assaig fou el mateix. Així doncs, es va poder constatar la importància de la component genètica en l’expressió d’aquest caràcter. Dins d’aquest assaig es va observar un vincle altitudinal, en el que les procedències de les zones de menor altitud eren sempre les més danyades. Posteriorment l’estudi es va centrar en estimar l’heretabilitat familiar del caràcter, a partir d’un test de progènies, obtenint un valor de hF2=0.63. S’avaluà també el vincle del caràcter amb altres caràcters fenològics i vegetatius i s’observà una correlació genètica significativa i positiva tant amb la durada del període vegetatiu com amb el creixement anual en diàmetre. El valor de l’heretabilitat en sentit estricte calculat a partir de la correlació progenitor-progènie va ser de h2 = 0,34.
L’últim objectiu, abordat al capítol IV, consistí en l’avaluació de la influència de l’estrès hídric estival (típic del Clima Mediterrani) sobre la resistència dels Juglans a les gelades de tardor. Aquest estudi es va realitzar sobre una progènie de J. regia i una d’ híbrida de J. ×intermedia. Es varen aplicar diferents tractaments de reg tant en arbres adults com en juvenils. S’analitzaren diferents paràmetres relacionats amb l’aclimatació: la caiguda de fulla, el contingut hídric de les varetes i l’ acumulació de sucres solubles i midó als teixits. Els resultats de la major part de les variables estudiades van mostrar un possible avançament de l’aclimatació en els individus sotmesos a tractaments hídrics restringits. Ara bé, aquesta aparent avantatge compromet negativament el creixement i per tant aquests resultats mereixen una avaluació acurada en les noves aforestacions de l’àrea mediterrània.Las diferentes tareas que se exponen en esta tesis buscan profundizar en los conocimientos sobre la resistencia de Juglans regia L. a las heladas de otoño, en las vertientes metodológica, genética y ecofisiológica. El primer objetivo del trabajo fue determinar una metodología adecuada para evaluar el carácter “resistencia a las heladas de otoño” en J. regia, recogido en el Capítulo I. Se testó la utilidad del parámetro Fv/Fm obtenido a partir de la fluorescencia de las clorofilas del clorénquima cortical de la corteza en brotes del año. Los resultados fueron comparables con los métodos utilizados habitualmente para evaluar daños producidos por heladas en brotes lignificados, como son el análisis visual de daños y el cálculo de la liberación relativa de electrolitos. Este primer estudio permitió establecer la temperatura de -8.5ºC como la que ya provoca daños visibles sobre J. regia en otoño. Aunque la evaluación de los daños mediante la Fv/Fm fue el sistema más rápido y fácil, a partir del Capítulo II, debido a la naturaleza de los objetivos de los diferentes ensayos, los métodos utilizados fueron los “clásicos”, mencionados anteriormente. La profundización en los conocimientos de la genética de este carácter adaptativo se abordó en los capítulos II y III. En primer lugar, se analizó la relación entre el genotipo y el ambiente y el peso relativo de cada uno de los factores en relación a la resistencia a las heladas de otoño. El estudio se realizó en cuatro procedencias de Juglans regia L. de la Península Ibérica, plantadas en dos zonas ecológicamente diferentes también dentro de la Península Ibérica (una de clima atlántico y otra de clima mediterráneo). Se detectaron diferencias temporales en la aclimatación al frío entre los dos sitios de ensayo; no obstante, el orden que ocupaba cada procedencia en relación a los daños observados en cada ensayo fue el mismo. De esta manera se pudo constatar la importancia de la componente genética en la expresión de este carácter. En este ensayo se observó un vínculo altitudinal, en el que las procedencias de las zonas de menor altitud eran las más dañadas. Posteriormente el estudio se centró en estimar la heredabilidad familiar del carácter, a partir de un test de progenies, integrado por 22 familias de medios de hermanos de J. regia de distintos orígenes, obteniéndose un valor de hF2=0.63. Se evaluó también el vínculo del carácter con otros caracteres fenológicos y vegetativos como el crecimiento anual en diámetro. El valor de la heredabilidad en sentido estricto calculado a partir de la correlación progenitor-progenies fue de h2 = 0,34. El último objetivo, abordado en el capítulo IV, consistió en la evaluación de la influencia del estrés hídrico estival (típico del clima Mediterráneo) sobre la resistencia de los Juglans a las heladas de otoño. Este estudio se realizó sobre una progenie de J. regia y una progenie híbrida de J. ×intermedia. Se aplicaron diferentes tratamientos de riego en árboles adultos y juveniles. Se analizaron diferentes parámetros relacionados con la aclimatación: caída de hoja, contenido hídrico de varetas y acumulación de azúcares solubles y almidón en los tejidos. Los resultados de la mayor parte de las variables estudiadas mostraron un posible avance en la aclimatación en los individuos sometidos a tratamientos hídricos restringidos. Esta aparente ventaja compromete negativamente el crecimiento, y por lo tanto, estos resultados merecen una evaluación precisa en las nuevas aforestaciones del área mediterránea.
The work described in this thesis aims to deepen knowledge of autumn frost resistance of Juglans regia L. in methodological, genetic and ecophysiological terms. The first objective of the study was to determine an appropriate methodology for evaluating the trait "autumn frost resistance" in J. regia, included in Chapter I. An assessment was made of the usefulness of the Fv/Fm parameter obtained from measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence in cortical bark chlorenchyma of annual budsticks. The results were comparable with those of methods commonly used to assess freezing damage to woody tissues, namely visual analysis and calculation of relative electrolyte leakage. This first study allowed establishing -8.5°C as the temperature which causes the first visible autumn freezing damage on J. regia. Although the assessment of cold damage by Fv/Fm was faster and easier, from Chapter II onwards the nature of the objectives of each assay obliged the use of the two aforementioned "classical" methods to estimate freezing damage. In-depth knowledge of the genetics of this adaptive trait was addressed in Chapters II and III. First, the relationship between genotype and environment was examined as well as the relative weight of each factor on autumn frost resistance. The study was conducted in four provenances of Juglans regia L. from the Iberian Peninsula, planted in two ecologically different areas, the Spanish Atlantic and Mediterranean coast. Temporary differences were detected in cold acclimation entrance between the two trial areas; however, the order of each provenance in relation to freezing damage was the same in both areas. Thus, the importance of the genetic component in the expression of this trait was confirmed. The existence of an altitudinal link between provenances was also observed, with those from lower areas of elevation always the most damaged. The study then focused on estimating family heritability of the trait from a progeny test, integrated by 22 half-sib progenies of J. regia from different origins, obtaining a coefficient of hF2=0.63. The relationship of the trait with other vegetative and phenological features was also evaluated, and a significant positive genetic correlation was observed with both the length of the growing season and the annual growth in diameter. The value of the narrow-sense heritability obtained from the progenitor-progeny regression was h2 = 0.34. The final task, addressed in Chapter IV, consisted of evaluating the influence of summer drought stress (typical in the Mediterranean climate) on autumn frost resistance of Juglans. This study was conducted on a progeny of J. regia and a hybrid progeny of J. ×intermedia. Different irrigation treatments were applied to both adult and young trees. Several parameters related to cold acclimation were analysed: leaf fall, budstick water content and the accumulation of soluble sugars and starch in the tissues. The results of most of the variables showed a possible advance of acclimation in individuals subjected to water restricted treatment. However, this apparent advantage is offset by a negative effect on growth and therefore these results deserve careful evaluation in new afforestation in the Mediterranean area.
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Eshtiagi, Zahra. "Rejuvenation of walnut (Juglans regia L.) by sequential grafting." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394423.
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EL, EUCH CYRINE. "Caracterisation des genes chalcone synthase (chs) chez le noyer hybride juglans nigra x juglans regia et modulation de l'activite chs par la strategie antisens." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112075.
Full textAbstract:
Les noyers hybrides sont des arbres tres apprecies pour leur fruit et leur bois. Cependant, leur micropropagation reste difficile en raison de problemes d'enracinement. Les composes phenoliques seraient impliques dans ce processus physiologique. Dans le but de determiner le role de la chalcone synthase (chs), enzyme cle de la voie de la biosynthese des flavonoides, dans le processus d'enracinement adventif, la strategie antisens a ete utilisee. Il a ete necessaire dans un premier temps d'etudier les genes chs chez le noyer et d'analyser leur expression. Cinq genes chs ont ete caracterises. L'analyse de leur expression dans differents tissus et dans certaines conditions (induction auxinique) a ete realisee. Il a ete mis en evidence une specificite tissulaire de l'expression de deux de ces genes. Par ailleurs, treize lignees transformees exprimant un arn antisens a partir d'un fragment de 400 pb du gene chs iv de noyer ont ete obtenues. Six d'entre elles sous-expriment fortement les genes chs. Elles ne contiennent plus (ou pratiquement plus) de flavonols (myricitrine et quercitrine) et de flavanes-3-ols. Des tests d'enracinement montrent que la diminution des teneurs en flavonoides est associee a une augmentation de la formation des racines adventives. Ces plantes, in vitro, developpent un cal important et presentent une necrose apicale a la suite d'une induction auxinique. Toutefois, des dosages effectues sur des pousses in vitro en phase de multiplication montrent que la teneur en auxines (aia et aiasp) n'est pas correlee a une diminution de l'activite chs dans les noyers transformes.
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Cabral, Eduarda Maria Ferreira de Melo. "Caracterização Molecular de Variedades de Nogueira (Juglans regia L.) Portuguesas." Dissertação, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20783.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Controlo de QualidadeMSc in Quality Control
O género Juglans compreende cerca de vinte espécies, sendo a espécie Juglans regia L. a de maior importância económica, principalmente pela qualidade dos seus frutos (nozes). A produção das nogueiras é tardia (vários anos após plantação), pelo que a sua identificação e caracterização é de extrema importância, tanto para produtores como em programas de melhoramento de culturas. Assim, é imprescindível o desenvolvimento de métodos rápidos, fiáveis e sensíveis que respondam a esta necessidade. Os marcadores moleculares de ADN têm-se revelado determinantes na caracterização e identificação destas plantas. Têm sido aplicadas diversas técnicas moleculares (isoenzimas, RFLP, RAPD e marcadores ISSR) para avaliação da diversidade e relacionamento genético entre as cultivares de Juglans regia L.. Todavia, os marcadores moleculares SSR, dada a sua elevada precisão e reprodutibilidade, são os escolhidos para a identificação de cultivares, verificação de paternidades e genealogia, origem e relacionamento de germoplasmas. Esta técnica aplica-se também em estudos de autenticidade alimentar. O presente trabalho teve como objectivo principal a caracterização genética de três variedades portuguesas de Juglans regia L. com marcadores moleculares SSR e avaliação do seu relacionamento genético com dezanove cultivares da mesma espécie, originárias de diversos países. Outro objectivo foi a avaliação da autenticidade das cultivares de nozes colhidas em Soure, de nozes comerciais (rotuladas com referência à variedade) e de produtos derivados, através dos mesmos marcadores SSR. Para tal foram testados três métodos extractivos: CTAB, GenElute e Wizard. Os marcadores SSR utilizados neste estudo revelaram ser eficazes na distinção de todas as cultivares estudadas e evidenciaram um caso de sinonímia entre a cultivar Franquette e a cultivar Ronde de Montignac. Através da análise dos dendrogramas obtidos, foi possível associar a cultivar portuguesa Rego com o grupo das cultivares de origem francesa e a cultivar portuguesa Samil com o grupo de cultivares norte-americanas. A terceira cultivar portuguesa em estudo, Arco, revelou-se geneticamente distinta dos restantes genótipos. Relativamente às cultivares internacionais tornou-se evidente a sua distinção em três grupos principais (dendrograma rectangular): o das cultivares norte-americanas, o das cultivares francesas e um outro em que se enquadram duas cultivares francesas, Fernette e Lara, duas norteamericanas, Chico e Chandler e uma portuguesa Samil. Os dendrogramas obtidos evidenciaram também a presença de quatro cultivares claramente distintas da restante população (Arco, Meylannaise, Hartley e Parisienne). Quanto ao estudo de autenticidade realizado, verificou-se uma clara diferença em termos de capacidade extractiva entre os 3 métodos testados. Após escolha do melhor método extractivo, as amostras foram amplificadas com 3 primers pré-seleccionados. Verificou-se que as amostras de nozes comerciais e as recolhidas em Soure originaram produtos de amplificação, enquanto que o mesmo não aconteceu com as amostras correspondentes a produtos derivados, sujeitos a um processamento mais intenso. Foi possível confirmar, por meios moleculares, a informação relativa à variedade de noz indicada no rótulo das embalagens comerciais para a maioria das amostras.
The genus Juglans contains about twenty species, all producing edible nuts. Among those, the English or Persian walnut, Juglans regia L., is the most widely cultivated species and the most economically important member of the genus Juglans. The fact that fruit production in walnut starts several years after its planting, makes its identification and characterization important for designing objective and repeatable criteria to breeders and farmers in crop improvement programs. Therefore, the development of rapid, reliable and sensitive methods for the identification and verification of cultivars is essential. Several techniques using molecular markers have been used to examine genetic diversity and relationships among cultivars of Juglans regia L., including isozymes, RFLP, RAPD and ISSR markers. However, the need for accurate cultivar identification and verification of paternity and genealogy, led to the application of SSR or microsatellite markers that are well suited to meet these needs. Microsatellite DNA analysis is generally considered the most powerful method for a number of reasons, including maximum precision and reproducibility. Beside those facts, such techniques are useful for understanding the origins and relationships of germplasms and for providing genetic fingerprints that can be used to test or confirm the identity of plant materials and for food authenticity studies. The present study was undertaken to analyze the effectiveness of microsatellite markers in molecular characterization of three Portuguese cultivars of Juglans regia L. and to assess the genetic relationship between those cultivars and nineteen international ones. Also, this study was designed to check walnuts harvested at Soure, commercial walnuts (labelled with reference to the variety) as well as they by-products authenticity, with SSR molecular markers applied in the genetic characterization. For that purpose, three DNA extraction methods were assayed: CTAB, GenElute and Wizard. SSR markers used in this study had disclosed to be efficient in the distinction between the cultivars studied, and showed up a synonymy case, between cultivars Franquette and Ronde de Montignac. Throughout the analysis of the obtained dendrogram, it was possible to associate the Portuguese cultivar Rego with the group of French origin and Samil with the North-American ones. The other Portuguese cultivar, Arco, showed up to be genetically distinct from the overall genotypes. Concerning the international cultivars, its distinction in three main groups became evident (rectangular dendrogram). The group of North-American origin, the group of French origin and the third one that includes two cultivars of French origin, Fernette and Lara, two cultivars of North-American origin, Chico and Chandler and one of Portuguese origin, Samil. The obtained dendrogram show the presence of four cultivars clearly distinct from the overall population (Arco, Meylannaise, Hartley and Parisienne). In what it concerns to the authenticity study, there was a clear difference between the 3 chosen extraction methods. After the choice of the best extraction method, the samples were amplified with 3 primers previously selected. The results showed that the commercial walnuts as well as the walnuts harvested at Soure amplified, but the same fact wasn t noted with walnut processed by-products. It was possible to check, through molecular techniques, the information described in the labels of commercially walnuts (in what concerns the variety type) for most of the samples.
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Cabral, Eduarda Maria Ferreira de Melo. "Caracterização Molecular de Variedades de Nogueira (Juglans regia L.) Portuguesas." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20783.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Controlo de QualidadeMSc in Quality Control
O género Juglans compreende cerca de vinte espécies, sendo a espécie Juglans regia L. a de maior importância económica, principalmente pela qualidade dos seus frutos (nozes). A produção das nogueiras é tardia (vários anos após plantação), pelo que a sua identificação e caracterização é de extrema importância, tanto para produtores como em programas de melhoramento de culturas. Assim, é imprescindível o desenvolvimento de métodos rápidos, fiáveis e sensíveis que respondam a esta necessidade. Os marcadores moleculares de ADN têm-se revelado determinantes na caracterização e identificação destas plantas. Têm sido aplicadas diversas técnicas moleculares (isoenzimas, RFLP, RAPD e marcadores ISSR) para avaliação da diversidade e relacionamento genético entre as cultivares de Juglans regia L.. Todavia, os marcadores moleculares SSR, dada a sua elevada precisão e reprodutibilidade, são os escolhidos para a identificação de cultivares, verificação de paternidades e genealogia, origem e relacionamento de germoplasmas. Esta técnica aplica-se também em estudos de autenticidade alimentar. O presente trabalho teve como objectivo principal a caracterização genética de três variedades portuguesas de Juglans regia L. com marcadores moleculares SSR e avaliação do seu relacionamento genético com dezanove cultivares da mesma espécie, originárias de diversos países. Outro objectivo foi a avaliação da autenticidade das cultivares de nozes colhidas em Soure, de nozes comerciais (rotuladas com referência à variedade) e de produtos derivados, através dos mesmos marcadores SSR. Para tal foram testados três métodos extractivos: CTAB, GenElute e Wizard. Os marcadores SSR utilizados neste estudo revelaram ser eficazes na distinção de todas as cultivares estudadas e evidenciaram um caso de sinonímia entre a cultivar Franquette e a cultivar Ronde de Montignac. Através da análise dos dendrogramas obtidos, foi possível associar a cultivar portuguesa Rego com o grupo das cultivares de origem francesa e a cultivar portuguesa Samil com o grupo de cultivares norte-americanas. A terceira cultivar portuguesa em estudo, Arco, revelou-se geneticamente distinta dos restantes genótipos. Relativamente às cultivares internacionais tornou-se evidente a sua distinção em três grupos principais (dendrograma rectangular): o das cultivares norte-americanas, o das cultivares francesas e um outro em que se enquadram duas cultivares francesas, Fernette e Lara, duas norteamericanas, Chico e Chandler e uma portuguesa Samil. Os dendrogramas obtidos evidenciaram também a presença de quatro cultivares claramente distintas da restante população (Arco, Meylannaise, Hartley e Parisienne). Quanto ao estudo de autenticidade realizado, verificou-se uma clara diferença em termos de capacidade extractiva entre os 3 métodos testados. Após escolha do melhor método extractivo, as amostras foram amplificadas com 3 primers pré-seleccionados. Verificou-se que as amostras de nozes comerciais e as recolhidas em Soure originaram produtos de amplificação, enquanto que o mesmo não aconteceu com as amostras correspondentes a produtos derivados, sujeitos a um processamento mais intenso. Foi possível confirmar, por meios moleculares, a informação relativa à variedade de noz indicada no rótulo das embalagens comerciais para a maioria das amostras.
The genus Juglans contains about twenty species, all producing edible nuts. Among those, the English or Persian walnut, Juglans regia L., is the most widely cultivated species and the most economically important member of the genus Juglans. The fact that fruit production in walnut starts several years after its planting, makes its identification and characterization important for designing objective and repeatable criteria to breeders and farmers in crop improvement programs. Therefore, the development of rapid, reliable and sensitive methods for the identification and verification of cultivars is essential. Several techniques using molecular markers have been used to examine genetic diversity and relationships among cultivars of Juglans regia L., including isozymes, RFLP, RAPD and ISSR markers. However, the need for accurate cultivar identification and verification of paternity and genealogy, led to the application of SSR or microsatellite markers that are well suited to meet these needs. Microsatellite DNA analysis is generally considered the most powerful method for a number of reasons, including maximum precision and reproducibility. Beside those facts, such techniques are useful for understanding the origins and relationships of germplasms and for providing genetic fingerprints that can be used to test or confirm the identity of plant materials and for food authenticity studies. The present study was undertaken to analyze the effectiveness of microsatellite markers in molecular characterization of three Portuguese cultivars of Juglans regia L. and to assess the genetic relationship between those cultivars and nineteen international ones. Also, this study was designed to check walnuts harvested at Soure, commercial walnuts (labelled with reference to the variety) as well as they by-products authenticity, with SSR molecular markers applied in the genetic characterization. For that purpose, three DNA extraction methods were assayed: CTAB, GenElute and Wizard. SSR markers used in this study had disclosed to be efficient in the distinction between the cultivars studied, and showed up a synonymy case, between cultivars Franquette and Ronde de Montignac. Throughout the analysis of the obtained dendrogram, it was possible to associate the Portuguese cultivar Rego with the group of French origin and Samil with the North-American ones. The other Portuguese cultivar, Arco, showed up to be genetically distinct from the overall genotypes. Concerning the international cultivars, its distinction in three main groups became evident (rectangular dendrogram). The group of North-American origin, the group of French origin and the third one that includes two cultivars of French origin, Fernette and Lara, two cultivars of North-American origin, Chico and Chandler and one of Portuguese origin, Samil. The obtained dendrogram show the presence of four cultivars clearly distinct from the overall population (Arco, Meylannaise, Hartley and Parisienne). In what it concerns to the authenticity study, there was a clear difference between the 3 chosen extraction methods. After the choice of the best extraction method, the samples were amplified with 3 primers previously selected. The results showed that the commercial walnuts as well as the walnuts harvested at Soure amplified, but the same fact wasn t noted with walnut processed by-products. It was possible to check, through molecular techniques, the information described in the labels of commercially walnuts (in what concerns the variety type) for most of the samples.
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BARBAS, EVANGELOS. "Developpement in vitro des explants de noyer hybride (juglans nigra x juglans regia) : relation avec la teneur en elements mineraux et le transport de l'orthophosphate." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066401.
Full textAbstract:
Apres excision du cal forme a l'extremite basale de la tige et apres transfert des explants de noyer sur un milieu neuf, leur croissance est optimale entre 7#e et le 21#e jour de culture. La reduction de la croissance des explants, qui suit cette periode de croissance, s'accompagne d'une diminution de la teneur en p total des explants, d'une forte accumulation de composes phenoliques et d'un vieillissement accelere du cal. Le transfert des explants sur milieu neuf apres 21 jours de culture, sans l'excision prealable du cal, ne permet pas une reprise normale de la croissance, ce qui suggere un role determinant du cal dans le developpement de l'explant. De plus, une carence de pi conduit a l'arret de croissance et a une accumulation importante de composes phenoliques. L'etude de l'accumulation de pi exogene (#3#2pi) dans les explants de noyer montre que la majorite de pi(#3#2pi) qui penetre dans l'explant est principalement accumulee dans le cal. De plus, les echanges entre le pi exogene et le pi endogene sont tres limites, voire meme plus faibles que ceux constates pour #4#5ca. Le faible taux d'echange de pi a l'equilibre isotopique, suggere que le pi est reparti en deux pools dans les explants. Un pool rapidement echangeable de faible importance et un autre beaucoup plus important qui serait tres lentement echangeable et donc, metaboliquement inactif. Ces resultats suggerent que le pi est un des facteurs limitants majeurs de la croissance des explants de noyer cultives in vitro en raison d'une part du transport limite de pi exogene vers la partie aerienne par le cal et d'autre part de l'indisponibilite de pi endogene
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Grandieu, Burtin Patricia. "Origine biochimique de la couleur du bois de noyer (Juglans sp. )." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10092.
Full textAbstract:
Les principaux pigments du bois de Noyer sont des formes dérivées et/ou polymérisées des acides gallique et ellagique. Les tanins condensés (flavonoïdes) joueraient le rôle de précurseurs de la couleur du bois en étant dégradés en pigments rouge brun de nature phlobaphénique au cours de la formation et de la maturation du bois de coeur. L'hydrojuglone glucoside (napthoquinone sous forme glucosylée et réduite) peut être considérée comme un précurseur majeur de la couleur du bois en étant (i) totalement dégradée au cours de la formation du bois de coeur, (ii) dégradée, in vitro, en composés brun noir comparables aux produits d'oxydation natifs du bois de coeur. Ces composés seraient également en partie responsables des changements de coloration du bois qui se produisent au cours de l'étuvageThe principal pigments of the walnut wood were identified as being gallic and ellagic acids derivatives. Condensed tannins (flavonoïds) would play the role of precursors of the wood colour while being degraded in brown red pigments of phlobaphenic nature during the formation and the maturation of heartwood. Hydrojuglone glucoside (glucosylated and reduced form of juglone) can be regarded as a major precursor of the walnut wood colour while being (i) completely degraded during the formation of heartwood, (ii) degraded, in vitro, in brown black compounds comparable with the native oxidation products of the heartwood. Moreover, these compounds could be partly responsible for the colour changes occuring during steaming treatment
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Sordet, Camille. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle d'un allergène de la noix (Juglans regia)." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/4229/.
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Les albumines 2S font l'objet d'un intérêt grandissant au vu de la place majeure qu'elles occupent au sein des principaux allergènes alimentaires des graines. Jug r 1 a été le premier allergène identifié dans la noix et reste jusqu'à présent l'allergène majeur de cet aliment. L'étude structurale de Jug r 1 a démontré la présence de deux sous unités reliées par des ponts disulfure ainsi qu'une structure tridimensionnelle compacte constituée majoritairement d'hélices α typique des albumines 2S. La caractérisation des épitopes B ainsi que leur localisation sur le modèle tridimensionnel réalisé indique que l'allergenicité de Jug r 1 dépend de l'existence de 4 épitopes exposés en surface. Ces épitopes sont situés dans des zones similaires décrites pour d'autres protéines de cette famille et pourraient être impliqués dans des réactions croisées. L'étude de ces réactions croisées, a permis d'identifier une réactivité croisée entre Jug r 1 et Ses i 1, une albumine 2S présente chez le sésame (Sesamum indicum). Jug r 1 a également été exprimé sous forme recombinante chez E. Coli. Cet allergène recombinant possède un repliement ainsi qu'une réactivité vis à vis des IgE de patients allergiques analogue à nJug r 1. Ces similarités permettent de proposer rJug r 1 comme un outil intéressant pour le diagnostic des allergies2S albumin storage proteins are becoming of increasing interest as they have been reported as major food allergens in seeds. Jug r 1 was the first allergen identified in walnut (Juglans regia) and is still considered as a major allergen. The native allergen is a two subunits protein. This two subunits are associated by inter and intra molecular disulphide bonds. Native Jug r 1 adopts the canonical α-helical fold of plant 2S albumins as checked on CD spectra. Four IgE-binding epitopic stretches were identified along the amino acid sequence of Jug r 1 and localized on the molecular surface of the modelled allergen. The cross reactivity of antisera from walnut allergic patient between walnut and other seed was studied and showed cross reactivity between Jug r 1 and an 2S albumin from sesame (Sesamum indicum), Ses i 1. Jug r 1 was also expressed in Escherichia coli using the Gateway® technology as a recombinant allergen. Recombinant rJug r 1 adopts the same canonical α-helical fold as the native protein. Both native and recombinant allergens exhibit similar IgE-binding activity and similarly trigger the degranulation of a FcεRI-expressing rat basophilic leukemia cell line previously treated by the allergens. This results allowing us to propose rJug r 1 as a useful tool for the diagnosis of walnut allergy
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Millán, Vera Alejandro Cristóbal. "Desarrollo de manquilla de nuez (Juglans regia L.), variedad semilla california." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105641.
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Poirier, Magali. "Etude écophysiologique de l'endurcissement au gel des arbres." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730618.
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L'impact des conditions estivales de croissance (défoliation, stress hydrique, carence azotée) sur la résistance au gel des différents organes de l'arbre, en liaison ave c leur statut carboné, a été étudié chez le noyer (Juglans regia). La comparaison de plusieurs méthodes estimant la résistance au gel montre que GélistaTM, une nouvelle technique pour estimer l'endurcissement au gel à partir des variations de diamètre des rameaux, indique seulement une gamme de sensibilité au gel. Le test de fuite des électrolytes montre une plus grande sensibilité dans la détermination de la température de résistance au gel. Ensuite, l'étude des corrélations entre le LT50 et les différentes variables (sucres solubles, humidité pondérale et moyenne des températures minimales journalières sur les 15 jours qui précèdent le prélèvement) a permis de construire un modèle simple pouvant prédire le niveau de résistance au gel des rameaux d'un an pour deux variétés de noyers adultes (Franquette et NG38). L'étude du développement aérien végétatif montre que le potentiel d'adaptation (plasticité morphologique) des arbres aux contraintes culturales est plus faible en fin de saison estivale de croissance. Les traitements ont eu un impact sur la structure, la biomasse totale et structurale, ainsi que sur les réserves glucidiques. En général, les traitements ont provoqué une diminution plus ou moins forte de la mise en réserve glucidique dans les différents organes. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des impacts des conditions estivales de croissance sur la résistance au gel a mis en évidence une correlation forte et négative entre le LT50 et la teneur en GFS dans les organes aériens. Pour les organes souterrains, elle existe également mais elle est plus faible. Enfin, pour les rameaux de l'année, l'ensemble des résultats obtenu sur de jeunes noyers en conteneur a été vérifié sur des noyers adultes.
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Morin, Ricardo. "Diversité et structure génétique des populations de noyer cendré, Juglans cinerea L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0014/MQ41968.pdf.
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R, Villalba, Jose A. Boninsegna, and Richard L. Holmes. "Cedrela Angustifolia and Juglans Australis: Two New Tropical Species Useful in Dendrochronology." Tree-Ring Society, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261332.
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Dendrochronological problems in dating tropical tree species are responsible for a large gap in global dendroclimatic reconstructions. Study of Cedrela and Juglans in the low-latitude forests of northern Argentina and Bolivia has resulted in development of four chronologies. These genera have good tree-ring characteristics, and statistics indicate that they have good potential for dendroclimatology. Longer series should be obtained from older stands.
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Holsinger, Andrew Craig. "INFLUENCE OF BENZYLADENINE ON SHOOT FORCING AND TISSUE CULTURE OF JUGLANS NIGRA L. AND QUERCUS RUBRA L." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1686173351&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008."Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural System." Keywords: Juglans nigra, Quercus rubra, Shoot forcing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-66). Also available online.
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Jáuregui, Berho Andrea Nicole. "Desarrollo de nueces (Juglans regia) de la variedad semilla California recubiertas con miel." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105608.
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Claudot, Anne-Catherine. "Role de la chalcone synthase dans la biosynthese des flavonoides au cours de la croissance annuelle des pousses de noyers hybrides (juglans nigra juglans regia) adultes et rajeunis : applications a l'enracinement." Orléans, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ORLE2013.
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Au cours de la croissance des pousses annuelles de noyer hybride (juglans nigra juglans regia), le rajeunissement est marque par une augmentation de la teneur en hydrojuglone glucoside (naphtoquinone) en debut de croissance et une diminution de celle en myricitrine (flavonol) en fin de croissance. Ces modifications sont particulierement nettes dans la moelle l'annee du recepage, dans le phloeme et a un degre moindre dans l'ecorce l'annee suivante. La preparation de la chalcone synthase du noyer (premiere enzyme de la voie de biosynthese des flavonoides) a necessite l'utilisation d'acide ascorbique a forte concentration afin d'obtenir a ph 6,8 une reaction complete, stable et reproductible. Par ailleurs, nous avons pu montrer l'inhibition de la chalcone synthase par la cerulenine et les produits de la reaction et la non-inhibition par les flavonols. Une relation entre l'activite chalcone synthase et l'accumulation des principaux flavonoides du noyer a ete mise en evidence au niveau de la pousse entiere et plus precisement de l'ensemble des tissus ecorce et phloeme. L'activite chalcone synthase des pousses de noyer cultivees in vitro a ete modulee par des apports exogenes et par l'expression du gene chalcone synthase antisens. En culture in vitro, nous avons ainsi pu montrer une relation entre un relentissement du metabolisme des flavonoides et une augmentation de l'aptitude a l'enracinement. Les resultats obtenus a partir de pousses transformees par le gene chalcone synthase antisens nous conduisent a etudier la regulation de l'expression du gene chalcone synthase antisens en particulier au niveau du phloeme
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DeBruyne, Scott Alexander. "Effects of Black Walnut and Honey Locust on Forage Growth, Soil Water, and Soil Quality Indicators." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40968.
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The goal of this research was to determine the interactions between forage and tree components of a silvopasture system. Two studies were performed on adjacent sites established in 1995 at Virginia Techâ s Kentland Research Farm. The objectives of the studies were to: 1. Determine the influence of honey locust and black walnut silvopastures on indicators of soil quality when compared to open pasture. 2. Determine if silvopasture systems changed forage mass production and soil water compared to open pastures.
The study on soil quality indicators was performed in a previously grazed silvopasture. Samples were collected from the upper 15 cm of soil at three distances from the tree rows. Total N (p= 0.0219), total C (p= 0.0216), extractable P (p= 0.063), extractable K (p= 0.0347) and microbial organic C (p= 0.0255) were greater in honey locust silvopastures. The highest concentration of soil nutrients and best soil physical and chemical properties were observed 1.5 m from the tree stem.
Forage growth and soil water were measured in silvopastures in 2006 and 2007. In 2006 there was higher forage growth in the black walnut and honey locust than beneath 70% shade cloth. In 2007, with a 50% shade cloth, forage growth was similar in all treatments. Initial soil water content was highest under shade cloth in 2006. In 2007 the rate of soil drying was lowest beneath the shade cloth.
The presence of trees did not negatively effect forage growth and silvopasture systems improved the soil quality indicators compared to open pasture.Master of Science
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Gîrzu, Amblard Mihaela. "Etude phytochimique de Hypericum perforatum (millepertuis) et de Juglans Regia L. (noyer) : Recherche d'une activité sédative dans des extraits de ces deux espèces." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF1PP06.
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Latorse, Marie-Pascale. "Etude de divers aspects de la reproduction sexuée chez le Noyer (Juglans regia l.)." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594886s.
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Latorse, Marie-Pascale. "Etude de divers aspects de la reproduction sexuée chez le noyer (Juglans regia L. )." Bordeaux 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR22014.
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Charrier, Guillaume. "Mécanismes et modélisation de l'acclimatation au gel des arbres : application au noyer Juglans regia L." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662461.
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Le gel est un des facteurs majeurs limitant l'aire de répartition des végétaux. Il a pour conséquence de limiter l'efficience de la circulation de sève brute par formation d'embolie dans les vaisseaux du xylème. Lorsqu'il y a formation de glace dans les tissus, les cellules vivantes peuvent également être lysées dans les organes lignifiés, et dans les bourgeons. Pour pallier cela, différents mécanismes de résistance sont développés pour limiter la formation d'embolie ou la résorber, pour augmenter transitoirement la tolérance à la formation de glace dans les tissus et pour éviter d'exposer les bourgeons et jeunes feuilles aux gels printaniers tardifs. Ces différents traits ont été caractérisés pour onze espèces communes ayant des limites altitudinales potentielles contrastées. Puis la physiologie de l'acclimatation au gel chez Juglans regia L. a été caractérisée, essentiellement à travers les relations entre humidité pondérale, contenu en sucres solubles, climat et levée de dormance. L'ensemble de ces données a permis d'élaborer un modèle prédictif de la résistance au gel en relation avec la physiologie de l'arbre qui pourrait, couplé avec d'autres modèles simulant la période estivale, permettre d'estimer la conjonction de différents stress sur le potentiel de résistance.
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Ramos, Lucas de Paula. "Atividade antimicrobiana e citotoxicidade dos extratos glicólicos de Pfaffia paniculata K. E Juglans regia L. /." São José dos Campos, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148585.
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Orientador: Graziella Nuernberg Back BritoBanca: Luciane Vieira Garcia
Banca: Fernanda Malagutti Tomé
Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar se os extratos de Pfaffia paniculata K. e Juglans regia L. possuem ação antifúngica, antibacteriana e toxicidade celular, com testes in vitro. Para os testes antifúngicos foram utilizadas cepas ATCC de Candida spp., e para os testes antibacterianos foram utilizadas cepas ATCC de Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Para a atividade antimicrobiana primeiramente foram determinados os valores da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e da Concentração Microbicida Mínima (CMM) dos extratos pelo método de microdiluição em caldo, segundo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Os micro-organismos que apresentaram CMM foram selecionados para os testes em biofilme, no qual foi preparado em fundo de placa com 96 poços, por 48 h. Após os biofilmes foram tratados por 5 min. utilizando as concentrações de 200, 100 e 50 mg dos extratos. Para mensuração da biomassa foi utilizado o teste de Cristal violeta (CV), e para avaliar a atividade metabólica foi utilizado o teste de MTT. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada sobre fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) utilizando os mesmos parâmetros de tratamento utilizados para os testes em biofilmes. Foram avaliadas a viabilidade celular pelos testes de MTT, vermelho neutro e cristal violeta. Os dados obtiveram distribuição normal e foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com significância de 5% (p<0.05%). O extrato ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether extracts of Pfaffia paniculata K. and Juglans regia L. have antifungal, antibacterial and cellular toxicity, with in vitro tests. ATCC strains of Candida spp. Were used for antifungal tests, and ATCC strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used for the antibacterial tests. For the antimicrobial activity, the values of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimal Microbicidal Concentration (CMM) of the extracts were determined by the microdilution method in broth, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The microorganisms that presented CMM were selected for the biofilm tests, in which it was prepared on a 96-well plate bottom for 48 h. After the biofilms were treated for 5 min. Using the concentrations of 200, 100 and 50 mg of the extracts. To measure the biomass, the Violet Crystal test (CV) was used, and the MTT test was used to evaluate the metabolic activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed on human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) using the same treatment parameters used for biofilm tests. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT, neutral red and violet crystal tests. The data obtained normal distribution and were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test, with significance of 5%. The extract of P. paniculata showed antifungal action in biofilms, with average reductions of 29.4 and 42.7% in CV and MTT tests; The antibacterial action was restricted to S. mutans and P. aeruginosa with mean reductions of 15.7 and 28.6% in the respective tests. The extract of J. regia also demonstrated antifungal action with an average reduction of 22.2% in biomass and 31.4% in metabolic activity. The antimicrobial action was restricted to P. aeruginosa with mean reductions of 17.7 and 15.6%,....(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
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Ramos, Lucas de Paula [UNESP]. "Atividade antimicrobiana e citotoxicidade dos extratos glicólicos de Pfaffia paniculata K. E Juglans regia L." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148585.
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O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar se os extratos de Pfaffia paniculata K. e Juglans regia L. possuem ação antifúngica, antibacteriana e toxicidade celular, com testes in vitro. Para os testes antifúngicos foram utilizadas cepas ATCC de Candida spp., e para os testes antibacterianos foram utilizadas cepas ATCC de Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Para a atividade antimicrobiana primeiramente foram determinados os valores da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e da Concentração Microbicida Mínima (CMM) dos extratos pelo método de microdiluição em caldo, segundo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Os micro-organismos que apresentaram CMM foram selecionados para os testes em biofilme, no qual foi preparado em fundo de placa com 96 poços, por 48 h. Após os biofilmes foram tratados por 5 min. utilizando as concentrações de 200, 100 e 50 mg dos extratos. Para mensuração da biomassa foi utilizado o teste de Cristal violeta (CV), e para avaliar a atividade metabólica foi utilizado o teste de MTT. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada sobre fibroblastos gengivais humanos (FMM-1) utilizando os mesmos parâmetros de tratamento utilizados para os testes em biofilmes. Foram avaliadas a viabilidade celular pelos testes de MTT, vermelho neutro e cristal violeta. Os dados obtiveram distribuição normal e foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com significância de 5% (p<0.05%). O extrato de P. paniculata demostrou ação antifúngica em biofilmes, com reduções médias de 29,4 e 42,7% nos testes de CV e MTT. Já a ação antibacteriana foi restrita a S. mutans e P. aeruginosa com reduções médias de 15,7 e 28,6% nos respectivos testes. O extrato de J. regia também demostrou ação antifúngica com redução média de 22,2% na biomassa e 31,4% na atividade metabólica. A ação antimicrobiana ficou restrita a P. aeruginosa com reduções médias de 17,7 e 15,6%, indicados pelos testes de CV e MTT. Quanto a citotoxicidade, a média entre os três testes realizados, indicou que após exposição ao extrato de P. paniculata 58,8% das células continuaram viáveis e para J. regia a viabilidade foi de 65,1%. Conclui-se queo extrato de P. paniculata demostrou ação antifúngica sobre todas as cepas de Candida spp. testadas e demostrou ação antibacteriana para P. aeruginosa e S. mutans. As concentrações de 200, 100 e 50 mg do extrato demostraram ser citotóxicas conforme nova diretriz de toxicidade. J. regia demostrou ação antifúngica sobre todas as cepas de Candida spp. testadas e demostrou ação antibacteriana sobre P. aeruginosa. Apenas a concentração de 200 mg do extrato se mostrou tóxica a FMM-1.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether extracts of Pfaffia paniculata K. and Juglans regia L. have antifungal, antibacterial and cellular toxicity, with in vitro tests. ATCC strains of Candida spp. Were used for antifungal tests, and ATCC strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used for the antibacterial tests. For the antimicrobial activity, the values of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimal Microbicidal Concentration (CMM) of the extracts were determined by the microdilution method in broth, according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The microorganisms that presented CMM were selected for the biofilm tests, in which it was prepared on a 96-well plate bottom for 48 h. After the biofilms were treated for 5 min. Using the concentrations of 200, 100 and 50 mg of the extracts. To measure the biomass, the Violet Crystal test (CV) was used, and the MTT test was used to evaluate the metabolic activity. Cytotoxicity was assessed on human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1) using the same treatment parameters used for biofilm tests. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT, neutral red and violet crystal tests. The data obtained normal distribution and were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test, with significance of 5%. The extract of P. paniculata showed antifungal action in biofilms, with average reductions of 29.4 and 42.7% in CV and MTT tests; The antibacterial action was restricted to S. mutans and P. aeruginosa with mean reductions of 15.7 and 28.6% in the respective tests. The extract of J. regia also demonstrated antifungal action with an average reduction of 22.2% in biomass and 31.4% in metabolic activity. The antimicrobial action was restricted to P. aeruginosa with mean reductions of 17.7 and 15.6%, indicated by CV and MTT tests. As for cytotoxicity, the mean of the three tests carried out indicated that after exposure to P. paniculata extract 58.8% of the cells remained viable and for viability the viability was 65.1%. In conclusion the extract of P. paniculata showed antifungal action on all strains of Candida spp. Tested and demonstrated antibacterial action for P. aeruginosa and S. mutans. The concentrations of 200, 100 and 50 mg of the extract proved to be cytotoxic according to the new toxicity guideline. J. regia demonstrated antifungal action on all strains of Candida spp. Tested and demonstrated antibacterial action on P. aeruginosa. Only the 200 mg concentration of the extract was shown to be toxic to FMM-1.
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Alves, Georges. "Les cellules associées aux vaisseaux (CAVs) chez Juglans regia : étude de l'ATPase-H+ du plasmalemme." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21475.
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Chez les angiospermes, les cellules associées aux vaisseaux (CAVs) sont situées à la jonction entre les voies de transport vertical de la sève xylémienne et les voies de transport radial des nutriments. Les flux de sucres entre ces deux tissus via les CAVs se font par 2 mouvements opposés : l'efflux et l'influx. L'influx se ferait par un co-transport H+/sucres dépendant du gradient de pH généré par l'ATPase-H+ du plasmalemme. Nous avons entrepris d'étudier les CAVs et notamment leurs ATPases-H=+ du plasmalemme afin de définir leurs rôles chez le noyer. En hiver, nous avons observé, une faible activité de l'ATPase-H+ du plasmalemme dans la partie apicale du rameau, contrairement à la partie basale. Au printemps, à la reprise de croissance, nous avons observé une forte activité de l'APTase et un fort marquage dans des les VACs de la partie apicale du rameau. Ces résultats sont bien corrélés à l'évolution des capacités de débourrement des bourgeons sur un rameau de l'année
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Bernard, Anthony. "Étude des ressources génétiques du noyer en vue de la mise en œuvre d'une sélection assistée par marqueurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0128.
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Les présents travaux réalisés sur le noyer ont consisté en l’exploitation des riches ressources génétiques disponibles à l’INRAE de Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Bordeaux, afin d’apporter les outils qui pourront être utilisés dans un nouveau programme de création variétale mené par le CTIFL, centre opérationnel de Lanxade. En effet, au regard du développement économique important de la noix, le choix variétal en France ne semble pas suffisant pour répondre aux futures nouvelles contraintes telles que la concurrence mondiale et le changement climatique. Le travail de prospection que l’on doit principalement à l’équipe d’Éric Germain a permis de rassembler sur l’UEA de Toulenne la majeure partie des espèces du genre Juglans et de nombreuses accessions de noyer cultivé, Juglans regia L. L’exploitation de ses archives accumulées pendant 30 ans a permis de rendre publiques d’importantes données chronologiques de phénotypage concernant cette collection. Ces données ont permis de montrer l’avancée de la phénologie des deux variétés témoins ‘Lara’ and ‘Franquette’, en lien avec le changement climatique. Grâce à un ensemble de 13 marqueurs SSR, des allèles spécifiques aux espèces Juglans ont été identifiés et la structure de la collection a été étudiée. Cette structure montre deux sous-groupes principaux, l’un comprenant des accessions d’Europe de l’est et d’Asie et l’autre, d’Europe de l’ouest et des Etat-Unis. Aussi, une core collection a été définie pour réaliser des études de GWAS sur les principaux caractères d’intérêt agronomique, de la fleur au fruit, grâce à l’utilisation d’une puce de 600 000 SNP mise au point par l’Université de Davis en Californie. Des associations entre des SNP et plusieurs caractères liés à la phénologie ont été mises en évidence, grâce aux données des archives et à celles nouvellement acquises. Un SNP fortement lié à la date de débourrement des feuilles et fleurs femelles a été identifié sur le chromosome 1 et co-localise avec un QTL détecté en parallèle sur une descendance F1. Un marqueur de type KASP a été validé avec du matériel végétal de l’Université de Davis. D’autres associations ont également été identifiées pour le type de dichogamie et de fructification, caractère intervenant directement sur le rendement, et ont mené à la définition de gènes candidats. D’autres analyses GWAS ont été conduites sur les caractères liés au fruit, comme la taille de la noix, son poids, le rendement au cassage et la force nécessaire pour rompre la coque. En parallèle, des méthodes utilisant des techniques de phénotypage robustes ont été développées, comme l’utilisation de la microtomographie à rayons X pour mesurer tous les caractères morphologiques, sans casser la noix. Enfin, un travail de comparaison de l’efficacité des deux types de marqueurs utilisés dans ces travaux, SSR et SNP, a été mené. Les résultats montrent que les 13 marqueurs SSR donnent des résultats similaires à plusieurs milliers de SNP en ce qui concerne les étapes de détermination de structure et de construction de core collections, incontournables dans le management des ressources génétiques. A terme, les résultats de ces travaux permettront d’initier une sélection assistée par marqueurs pour la création de nouvelles variétés, dans le cadre d’un nouveau programme d’amélioration qui sera mené par le CTIFL. Ces nouvelles variétés seront aptes à répondre aux critères recherchés dans les années à venir, prenant en compte le changement climatiqueThe present work carried out on walnut consisted in exploiting the rich genetic resources available at the INRAE of Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Bordeaux, in order to provide the tools that can be used in a new breeding program conducted by the CTIFL, centre opérationnel de Lanxade. In fact, in view of the walnut's significant economic development, the choice of varieties in France does not seem to be sufficient to meet future new constraints such as global competition and climate change. The prospecting work carried out mainly by Éric Germain's team has made it possible to gather most of the species of the genus Juglans and numerous accessions of cultivated walnut, Juglans regia L, at the UEA of Toulenne. The use of his archives accumulated over 30 years permitted to make public important chronological phenotyping data concerning this collection. These data showed the advance of the phenology of the two control varieties 'Lara' and 'Franquette' in relation to climate change. Using a set of 13 SSR markers, alleles specific to Juglans species were identified and the structure of the collection was studied. This structure shows two main subgroups, one comprising accessions from Eastern Europe and Asia and the other from Western Europe and the USA. Also, a core collection was defined to carry out GWAS studies on the main traits of agronomic interest, from flower to fruit, using a 600,000 SNP chip developed by the University of Davis in California. Associations between SNPs and several phenology-related traits were identified using archives and newly acquired data. A SNP strongly related to the budbreak date of leaves and female flowers was identified on chromosome 1 and co-localized with a QTL detected in parallel on a F1 progeny. A KASP marker was validated with plant material from the University of Davis. Other associations were also identified for dichogamy and bearing habit, a trait directly affecting yield, and led to the definition of candidate genes. Further GWAS analyses were conducted on fruit-related traits such as nut size, weight, breaking yield and force required to break the shell. In parallel, methods using robust phenotyping techniques have been developed, such as the use of X-ray microtomography to measure all morphological traits without breaking the nut. Finally, work was carried out to compare the efficiency of the two types of markers used in this work, SSR and SNP. The results show that the 13 SSR markers give similar results to several thousands of SNPs with regard to structure determination and construction of core collections, which are essential in the management of genetic resources. In the long term, the results of this work will make it possible to initiate marker-assisted selection for the creation of new varieties, within the framework of a new improvement program to be carried out by the CTIFL. These new varieties will be able to meet the criteria sought in the coming years, taking into account climate change
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Brawner, Scott Allen. "Husk softening and kernel characteristics of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) cultivars at successive harvest dates." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5102.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Rodr?guez, Jara Sebasti?n. "Mycelium: material biobasado, compuesto del micelio del hongo Trametes Versicolor y c?scaras de nuez Juglans Regia." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143763.
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Memoria para optar al t?tulo de Dise?ador IndustrialLa presente investigaci?n se enmarca en la exploraci?n y experimentaci?n de un nuevo material biobasado, compuesto a partir de la utilizaci?n micelio de hongo y subproductos de la industria agr?cola. La industria agr?cola y forestal genera una gran cantidad de residuos. Seg?n inform? CONAF s?lo en la Regi?n Metropolitana se quemaron 2.501 hect?reas de desechos agr?colas en el periodo 2014-2015. Estos residuos, ya sean agr?colas o forestales, crean un problema tanto para la actividad que los genera como para el medio ambiente y el destino final de estos no est? del todo resuelto ya que es m?s f?cil y econ?mico desecharlos que aprovechar de una manera m?s eficiente esta materia prima, d?ndole un nuevo uso. Este proyecto plantea reutilizar estos residuos mediante la fabricaci?n de un nuevo material, sustentable, econ?mico, con un bajo impacto ambiental, considerando su ciclo de vida, donde en su etapa final este material se reintegra al ecosistema mediante la descomposici?n total de sus componentes. La investigaci?n es de car?cter exploratorio por lo cual se evalu? el proceso de conformaci?n y composici?n del material biobasado. De esta manera se estableci? un m?todo constructivo de este material y se realizaron pruebas en laboratorio que permitieron caracterizar f?sicamente y mec?nicamente el material. Para ello se identificaron especies de hongos del tipo Basidiomycota y subproductos de la industria agr?cola a utilizar en la experimentaci?n. Se determinaron dos tipos de hongos, Pleurotus Ostreatus y Trametes Versicolor y subproductos de la industria agr?cola, rastrojos de cereales y c?scaras de frutos secos. Se caracterizaron y evaluaron las propiedades f?sicas y mec?nicas del material as? como tambi?n su comportamiento a agentes externos. En base a lo anterior se investigan posibles ?reas del dise?o donde se pudiese proyectar y desarrollar el uso de este material compuesto
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Hurtado, Manrique Paola Estefania. "Evaluación de la actividad gastroprotectora del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Juglans neotropica Diels "Nogal peruano"." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3748.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivo: determinar la actividad gastroprotectora del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Juglans neotropica Diels “nogal peruano”. Diseño: estudio prospectivo experimental. Materiales biológicos: extracto de hojas de Juglans neotropica Diels y ratas albinas macho raza Sprague Dawley. Métodos: se determinó los metabolitos secundarios con los reactivos específicos. La cuantificación del compuesto fenólico mayoritario se determinó por el método de Folin Ciocalteu. Para la evaluación de la actividad gastroprotectora, se empleó el modelo de inducción de úlceras gástricas por etanol 96°, se administró el extracto a dosis de 50, 250 y 500 mg/kg. Fármacos patrones utilizados: omeprazol 20 mg/kg y sucralfato 3 ml/kg. La evaluación macroscópica fue mediante la escala de Alada et al modificada y la de Marhuenda. Para el estudio histopatológico, los tejidos se conservaron en formol al 10% y la tinción fue con hematoxilina-eosina. Resultados: el extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Juglans neotropica Diels posee carbohidratos, compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, taninos, antraquinonas, triterpenos, esteroides, saponinas y alcaloides. La cuantificación del compuesto fenólico mayoritario fue de 16.909 ± 0.382 mg EAG/g del extracto seco. El tratamiento con el extracto produjo una inhibición de las úlceras gástricas de 84,61 % y 94,77 % a dosis de 250 y 500 mg/kg respectivamente con un p<0,05. En el estudio histopatológico se observó descamación y aumento de macrófagos en el grupo control, mientras que el grupo G (nogal 500 mg/kg) presentó mayor protección que en los grupos de 50 y 250 mg/kg, donde se observó solo descamación e hipertrofia. Conclusión: El extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Juglans neotropica Diels “nogal peruano” fue efectivo como agente gastroprotector en un modelo de inducción de úlceras gástricas por etanol 96°.Tesis
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Obeidou, Wafa. "Influence de quelques sels d'ammonium quaternaires sur la croissance et le métabolisme azote de divers organismes : champignons de dégradation du bois et noyer." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10348.
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Trente sels d'ammonium quaternaires ont été testés sur des champignons de dégradation du bois. AACL 1 est le composé le plus efficace et phanerochaete chrysosporium s'est montré être le champignon le plus sensible. Les études au niveau cellulaire montrent que l'ammonium quaternaire AACL 1 agit sur les enzymes du métabolisme primaire de l'azote en stimulant la synthèse des glutamate déshydrogénases à NAD et NADP et de l'aspartate aminotransférase. Pour cette enzyme, une isoforme de 160 KDA est localisée dans la matrice mitochondriale et 3 ou 4 isoformes de 110 KDA sont vraisemblablement présentes dans le cytosol. Les sels d'ammonium se montrent également toxiques pour les végétaux supérieurs comme le noyer (juglans regia)
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Ragozine, Vincent Kyle. "Analyses of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences from Juglans nigra and leaf-associated fungi in Zoar Valley, NY." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1211685563.
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Schwindl, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Heilmann. "Phytochemische und chemotaxonomische Studien zu Juglans regia L. und Untersuchungen zur α-Glucosidasehemmung / Sebastian Schwindl ; Betreuer: Jörg Heilmann." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204635854/34.
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Ben, Baaziz Khaoula. "Modulation de la conductivité hydraulique foliaire par la lumière chez le Noyer (Juglans regia) : approches écophysiologique et moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735808.
Full textAbstract:
La conductivité hydraulique foliaire (KF) est une composante majeure du transport d'eau dans toute la plante. Dans les feuilles de noyer, la KF est stimulée à la lumière et est étroitement liée à l'accroissement du taux des transcrits d'aquaporines JrPIP2s. Par ailleurs, la corrélation entre la stimulation de la KF et des transcrits d'aquaporines à la lumière, n'est pas générale et dépend de l'espèce. Ici, nous étudions cette corrélation chez cinq espèces forestières (Juglans regia, Fagus sylvitica, Quercus robur, Salix alba et Populus tremula) différant par leur réponse à la lumière. Nous démontrons seulement chez le noyer (Juglans regia), la contribution des deux familles d'aquaporines PIP1s et PIP2s. Afin de mieux comprendre le rôle des JrPIP1s et JrPIP2 dans la réponse à la lumière, nous avons isolé 8 nouvelles isoformes dans les feuilles de noyer et nous avons étudié leurs profils d'expression sur une cinétique lumière. Toutes les isoformes étudiées sont accumulées à la lumière et réprimées à l'obscurité. De plus, la KF est dépendante de la qualité de lumière. Elle est réduite de 65% en absence de lumière bleue. Cette diminution serait liée à l'inhibition des transcrits d'aquaporines. Afin de caractériser les mécanismes moléculaires précoces impliqués dans la modulation de KF par la lumière, l'approche globale cDNA-AFLP a été menée sur des feuilles de noyer sous différentes conditions d'éclairement. Nous obtenons 12000 transcrits différentiels dérivés (TDFs) générés par les 128 couples d'amorces. Parmi les 187 séquences obtenues, 93 d'entre elles ont une fonction putative. Leur classification fonctionnelle montre que les gènes relatifs à la régulation cellulaire représentent environ 58% des TDFs identifiés. Les feuilles exposées à la lumière, montrent des changements dans les voies de : signalisation calcique, protéolyse, trafic vésiculaire et l'expression de divers facteurs de transcription et protéines de régulation. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle potentiel de la signalisation calcique dans la modulation de la KF par la lumière, nous avons étudié l'effet d'un inhibiteur des canaux calciques [LaCl3] et d'un antagoniste de calmoduline [W7] sur la KF et les transcrits des 10 JrPIPs. Comparées aux feuilles témoins, les inhibiteurs calciques provoquent une réduction de la KF et de la majorité des JrPIPs étudiées à la lumière. Nos résultats confirment l'implication du complexe Ca2+ /calmoduline dans la transduction du signal lumineux responsable de la stimulation de la KF et des transcrits d'aquaporines chez le noyer.
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Ragozine, Vincent. "Analyses of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences from : Juglans nigra and leaf-associated fungi in Zoar Valley, NY /." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1211685563.
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Mahmood, Tariq. "Aspects of the chemistry of 1,4-naphthoquinones : an investigation of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkylamines and hydroxyalyklamines on 1,4 napthoquinones and the role of solvent on the position of substitution." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5746.
Full textAbstract:
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkylamines, cyclic alkylamines, and hydroxyalkylamines with 5-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinones have been studied. It has been found that the nature of the solvent employed in the reaction influences the position of mono-substitution at either the 2- or 3-position. Although both regioisomers were produced in all the reactions, protic polar solvents favoured the formation of the 3-regioisomer, whereas non-protic solvents favoured the formation of the 2-regioisomer. It has also been found that formation of 2,3-diaminoalkyl derivatives is normally unlikely. A series of hydroxyalkylamino-1,4-naphthoquinones were also synthesised. The collision-induced dissociation mass spectra of protonated hydroxyalkylamino-1,4- naphthoquinones showed fragmentation patterns which were dependent on the nature and length of the side chain and the presence and nature of the adjacent group on the 3-position on the 1,4-naphthoquinone ring. A total of 27 novel compounds were synthesised during the course of this research, the structures of which were confirmed via 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (ESI), IR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS and HREIMS).