Journal articles: 'Juglona'

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Shamilov, E. N., A. S. Abdullayev, I. A. Rzayeva, and I. V. Azizov. "Вплив комплексів заліза на формування фотосинтетичного апарату та вихід генетичних змін у гамма-опроміненого насіння пшениці." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 1, no. 2 (July 18, 2010): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021037.

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Influence of various doses of γ-irradiation on biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotinoids, and also on a progress of mitotic divisions of meristematic cells of root hairs at sprouting wheat seeds at the presence of pyrocatechol, iron pyrocatecholat, thiocarbamide, iron thiocarbamide, rutine, iron rutinate, juglon and iron juglonate was studied. There was revealed that iron pyrocatecholate, iron rutinate, juglon and iron juglonate possess appreciable radioprotective properties which stimulate adaptive biosynthesis of chlorophyll and carotinoids, and also considerably reduce a number of chromosomal aberrations under irradiation.

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Matławska, Irena, Wiesława Bylka, Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz, and Beata Stanisz. "Determination of the Juglone Content of Juglans regia Leaves by GC/MS." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 7 (July 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000726.

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The constituents of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves are represented by tannins, phenolics, and naphthoquinones, the characteristic compound being juglone. The content of juglone in the methanolic extract of the leaves determined by the GC/MS method was 9.9±0.2 mg/100 g; small amounts (1.3±0.02 mg/100 g) were recorded in the infusion, whereas in the decoction it was not detected. As some studies indicate toxicity of juglone, only decoctions should be recommended for therapeutic use.

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Wang, Jin Lan, Zhong Jin Yang, Jian Jun Wang, Wan Xia Tang, Ming Zhao, and Shu Jun Zhang. "Synthesis of Juglone and its Derivatives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 138-139 (November 2011): 1139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.138-139.1139.

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Juglone (1), plumbagin (2) and isoplumbagin (3) were synthesized from the natural product 4,8-dihydroxy naphthol-β-D-glucoside (4) which existed large amount in barks of Juglans mandshurica. Juglone was achieved directly by deglycosylation catalyzing with CAS in 78 % yield. Plumbagin was synthesized by five steps with an overall yield of 22 %. Isoplumbagin was synthesized by six steps in 24 % yield.

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Chaudhary, Niraj, Ryoko Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Shuto, Masato Watanabe, Teppei Kawahara, Mary Suico, Takeshi Yokoyama, Mineyuki Mizuguchi, Hirofumi Kai, and Hari Devkota. "Transthyretin Amyloid Fibril Disrupting Activities of Extracts and Fractions from Juglans mandshurica Maxim. var. cordiformis (Makino) Kitam." Molecules 24, no. 3 (January 30, 2019): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030500.

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Transthyretin-related amyloidosis is a slowly progressive disorder caused by deposition of insoluble amyloid plaques formed by fibrillization of mutant or defective transthyretin (TTR) monomers that leads to neurodegeneration and organ failure. Thus, any compound exhibiting TTR amyloid formation inhibitory activity or TTR amyloid fibril disrupting activity might be a potential candidate for the development of therapies for these disorders. Our aim in this study was the evaluation of the TTR amyloid fibril disrupting potential of extracts of leaves and immature fruits of two Juglans plants, i.e., Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis and Juglans mandshurica var. cordiformis. The TTR amyloid fibril disrupting activity was measured by Thioflavin-T (ThT) assay and PROTEOSTAT® Protein aggregation assay methods. A fifty percent acetone extract of the fruits of Juglans mandshurica var. cordiformis showed strong amyloid fibril disrupting activity, and was further fractionated using different solvents. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed significant activity in both assays. Syringic acid was isolated and identified as main compound in both of these fractions; however, it did not show any activity. Furthermore, some of the previously reported compounds from Juglans plants including naphthoquinone derivatives and phenolic compounds were evaluated to identify the potential bioactive compounds. Among them, juglone, a naphthoquinone derivative showed promising activity. However, juglone also showed strong cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells. Thus, future studies should focus on the isolation and identification of naphthoquinone derivatives or other compounds from Juglans plan ts with potent bioactivity and low cytotoxicity.

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Moore, M. J., M. E. Ostry, A. D. Hegeman, and A. C. Martin. "Inhibition of Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum by Juglans Species Bark Extracts." Plant Disease 99, no. 3 (March 2015): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0642-re.

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A rapid and reliable technique is needed for identifying butternut trees (Juglans cinerea) with resistance to butternut canker. We investigated the potential of a bark extract bioassay to detect levels of resistance to Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Oc-j), the causal agent of butternut canker. Both reagent grade naphthoquinones and crude bark extracts of Juglans species inhibited germination of Oc-j conidia. A disc diffusion bioassay was used to study the level of inhibition by these bark extracts and results indicated extensive variation within and between butternut and other species of Juglans tested. In many months over a 3 year period, bark from butternut trees selected for apparent disease resistance could be distinguished from that of unselected trees. Inhibition of conidia germination roughly correlated to the level of resistance observed in field inoculations of the trees. Quantification of the naphthoquinone compounds juglone and plumbagin in butternut bark was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. While the concentrations of these two compounds varied by month and by individual tree, juglone levels correlated well with the bark extract bioassay in some months. These results suggest that juglone concentration may account in part for the observed range of inhibition observed in the bioassay and variation in canker resistance among selections of butternut field inoculated with Oc-j. The bark extract bioassay described in the following report may have potential use for selecting resistant butternut for conservation and restoration purposes.

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Zhang, Wei, Anheng Liu, Yan Li, Xingyu Zhao, Shijie Lv, Wenhe Zhu, and Ying Jin. "Anticancer activity and mechanism of juglone on human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 90, no. 11 (November 2012): 1553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y2012-134.

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Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells has become the major focus of anti-tumor therapeutics development. Juglone, a major chemical constituent of Juglans mandshurica Maxim, possesses several bioactivities, including anti-tumor. In the present study, HeLa cells were incubated with juglone at various concentrations. The proliferation inhibition of juglone on HeLa cells was tested by the MTT assay. Occurrence of apoptosis was detected by Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of apoptotic-related proteins was examined by Western blot. The results showed that juglone inhibits the growth of HeLa cells in dose–dependent manner. Topical morphological changes of apoptotic body formation after juglone treatment were observed. The percentages of early apoptosis of Annexin V-FITC were 5.23%, 7.95%, 10.69%, and 20.92% with the concentrations of juglone (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µmol/L), respectively. After cells were treated with juglone at the different dose for 24 h, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated and the expression of Bax was significantly up-regulated compared with the control. These events paralleled with activation of caspase-9, -8, -3, and PARP cleavage. The results suggest that juglone may be effective for the treatment of HeLa cells.

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Medic, Aljaz, Tilen Zamljen, Ana Slatnar, Metka Hudina, and Robert Veberic. "Is Juglone the Only Naphthoquinone in Juglans regia L. with Allelopathic Effects?" Agriculture 11, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080784.

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We investigated whether juglone is the only allelochemical in a leaf extract from the walnut (Juglans regia L.). This was achieved through comparisons of the effects of pure juglone (1 mM, 100 μM, 10 μM control juglone) and J. regia leaf extract (prepared as 1 mM, 100 μM leaf juglone) on seed germination, seedling growth, and secondary metabolism of the selected crop vegetables. Two control treatments were also applied, as extraction medium and water. For inhibition of seed germination, S. lycopersicum, B. rapa var. japonica, and V. locusta were more sensitive to 1 mM leaf juglone, and L. sativa was more sensitive to 1 mM control juglone. This suggests that this walnut leaf extract contains specific phenolic substance(s) that can stimulate seed germination in some species and inhibit it in others. Seedling length was more sensitive to 1 mM leaf juglone than 1 mM control juglone, with selective strong inhibition of root length versus shoot length by 1 mM control juglone. Juglone also had significant effects on the secondary metabolism of L. sativa, in particular for seedlings treated with 100 μM control juglone, with marked decreases in all secondary metabolites studied. Flavonols constituted the majority of these metabolites in L. culinaris, which showed the least sensitivity to both control juglone and leaf juglone treatments. Thirty compounds were identified and quantified in S. lycopersicum, L. culinaris, and L. sativa, some for the first time in these plants, and all for the first time in the seedlings of these crop vegetables.

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Ercisli, S., A. Esitken, C. Turkkal, and E. Orhan. "The allelopathic effects of juglone and walnut leaf extracts on yield, growth, chemical and PNE compositions of strawberry cv. Fern." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 6 (November 19, 2011): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3587-pse.

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Allelopathic effects of juglone and walnut leaf extracts from Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) on yield, growth, chemical and plant nutrient element composition of the day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa L.) cultivar Fern were investigated as part of an effort to identify tolerant species to plant adjacent to walnut. Strawberry plants were treated with juglone (5-hydroxy-1.4 naphthoquinone, 1mM) and walnut leaf extracts (undiluted, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 diluted). Vegetative and reproductive plant growth was inhibited strongly by the treatment of both juglone and undiluted walnut leaf extracts. Fruit yield per plant, the number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight, crowns per plant, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh root weight, total soluble solid (TSS), vitamin C and acidity were reduced by juglone treatment compared to the control. All nutrient elements analyzed in the leaves generally were lower than the control for all treatments except 1/8 diluted.

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Khristyuk, A. V., and G. I. Kasyanov. "Prospects of creation of alcohol-free drinks on light water." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-4-229-233.

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The article analyzes the prospects of creating non-alcoholic tonic drinks on light water. The aim of the work is to study the properties of water with a low content of deuterium for the production of beverages. A block diagram of the production of soft drinks using as a basic component of light water, watermelon juice concentrate as a sweetener, the use of natural preservative juglona, from the pericarp walnut. The theoretical prerequisites for a large-scale transition to the production of tonic drinks based on extracts from domestic herbs and light water are formulated. For the first time the formula composition of drinks with adaptogenic properties differing in antioxidant properties is developed. The range of adaptogenic drinks, which include light water and non-traditional spicy and aromatic raw materials, was systematized, which was the justification for the proposal to use antioxidants as identifiers of the authenticity of a new group of drinks. First proposed version of the graphical visualization of the target system for the formation of flavouring spicy-aromatic characteristics of several formulations of drinks, the algorithm of modeling of the prescription of drinks with light water with a savory and spicy taste. The performed studies have practical significance and have been tested in the production conditions of the Branch № 1 of the Moscow beer and non-alcoholic plant "Ochakovo". The original formulations of tonic drinks with adaptogenic properties are designed, the permissible terms of their storage are determined. The necessary documentation for the production of beverages based on light water and aromatic raw materials has been developed. Developed draft technical specifications for the drinks: "Drink for Rugby players", "players Drink", "Drink Chess". The conclusion is made about the expediency of pilot testing of the developed technology of beverage production.

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Paudel, Prajwal, Prabodh Satyal, Noura S. Dosoky, Samjhana Maharjan, and William N. Setzer. "Juglans Regia and J. nigra, Two Trees Important in Traditional Medicine: A Comparison of Leaf Essential Oil Compositions and Biological Activities." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 10 (October 2013): 1934578X1300801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300801038.

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The essential oils from the leaves of Juglans regia, collected from Kathmandu, Nepal, and Juglans nigra from Huntsville, Alabama, USA, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 69 compounds were identified in the J. regia oil, accounting for 99.0% of the eluting components of the oil while three different samples of J. nigra were analyzed identifying a total of 99.3%, 99.4% and 99.7% of the oils. The leaf essential oil of J. regia was dominated by the aromatic compounds eugenol (27.5%) and methyl salicylate (16.2%), and the sesquiterpenes germacrene D (21.4%) and ( E)-β-farnesene (8.2%). The essential oils from three different samples of J. nigra contained ( E)-caryophyllene (17.3%–20.4%) and germacrene D (7.1%–22.5%) with smaller amounts of juglone (1.0%–8.8%), α-hydrojuglone (1.0–9.5%), and δ-cadinene (3.8%–8.7%). J. regia leaf oil, devoid of juglone, showed allelopathic activity, while J. nigra leaf oil was less phytotoxic. The presence of eugenol and methyl salicylate in the leaves of J. regia are consistent with the traditional uses of this plant to treat toothache, rheumatism, and fungal infections.

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Kumbhar, A. S., S. B. Padhye, Jitender, and R. K. Kale. "Naturally Occurring Hydroxy Napthoquinones and Their Iron Complexes as Modulators of Radiation Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Synaptosomes." Metal-Based Drugs 4, no. 5 (1997): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1997.279.

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The modulation of radiation induced lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes by iron (II) and iron (III) complexes of two naturally occurring and therapeutically relevant naphthoquinones viz. 5,hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinone; juglone and 2,hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinone; lawsone, have been studied. At lower concentrations the complexes enhance lipid peroxidation predominantly through redox cycling as observed for Fe(II)- juglonate while at higher concentrations the complexes tend to limit lipid peroxidation through fast recombinations.

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Islam, A. K. M. Mominul, and Joshua R. Widhalm. "Agricultural Uses of Juglone: Opportunities and Challenges." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101500.

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Application of conventional synthetic pesticides and agrochemicals has boosted the yield and productivity of crops by reducing pest infestation and promoting crop growth yet increasing reliance on many of these products poses serious environmental threats. This has led to growing interest in obtaining more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional pesticides and agrochemicals. Allelochemicals produced by plants, fungi, and microbes offer options for developing novel natural product-based pesticides and agrochemicals that are effective but with lower environmental half-lives. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about the potential use of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), the allelochemical produced by black walnut trees (Juglans nigra), which has been investigated for applications across a range of different agricultural purposes. We then offer our perspective on what opportunities and challenges exist for harnessing juglone as a component of sustainable agriculture.

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Caballero, Eduardo, Carmen Soto, and John Jara. "Thermal stability data of juglone from extracts of walnut (Juglans regia) green husk, and technologies used to concentrate juglone." Data in Brief 25 (August 2019): 104081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104081.

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Nancy. "Antiplaque Activity of Juglans Regia L. and Characterization of Juglone from Juglans Regia L." American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2011.29.31.

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DUROUX, Laurent, Francis M. DELMOTTE, Jean-Marc LANCELIN, Gérard KÉRAVIS, and Christian JAY-ALLEMAND. "Insight into naphthoquinone metabolism: β-glucosidase-catalysed hydrolysis of hydrojuglone β-d-glucopyranoside." Biochemical Journal 333, no. 2 (July 15, 1998): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3330275.

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In plants, the naphthoquinone juglone is known to be involved in pathogenic defence mechanisms, but it may also take part in plant developmental processes. This naphthoquinone can accumulate in a glycosylated form, namely hydrojuglone β-d-glucopyranoside. The structural configuration of this compound was shown to be 1,5-dihydroxy-4-naphthalenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside by means of MS, NMR and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy analyses. A hydrojuglone β-d-glucopyranoside β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified to homogeneity from Juglans regia L. The enzyme catalysed the release of juglone from hydrojuglone β-d-glucopyranoside with high specificity and showed Michaelis–Menten kinetics with Km = 0.62 mM and Vmax = 14.5 µkat/mg of protein. This enzyme also showed a higher activity towards β-d-fucosyl than β-d-glucosyl bonds. The purified enzyme had an apparent Mr of 64000 by SDS/PAGE and a pI 8.9 by isoelectrofocusing PAGE. The purified enzyme was inhibited by several bivalent cations, such as Cu2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, and by d-glucono-1,5-lactone, showing non-competitive inhibition of the mixed type.

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Wianowska, D., S. Garbaczewska, A. Cieniecka-Roslonkiewicz, A. L. Dawidowicz, and A. Jankowska. "Comparison of antifungal activity of extracts from different Juglans regia cultivars and juglone." Microbial Pathogenesis 100 (November 2016): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.009.

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Yang, Qin, Qing-Shou Yao, Yi Kuang, Yue-Zhi Zhang, Ling-Ling Feng, Lu Zhang, Lin Guo, Ze-Ping Xie, and Shu-Min Zhang. "Antimicrobial and cytotoxic juglones from the immature exocarps of Juglans mandshurica." Natural Product Research 33, no. 22 (May 4, 2018): 3203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1468326.

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Cosmulescu, Sina, Ion Trandafir, and Violeta Nour. "Seasonal variation of the main individual phenolics and juglone in walnut (Juglans regia) leaves." Pharmaceutical Biology 52, no. 5 (November 20, 2013): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.853813.

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COSMULESCU, Sina Niculina, Ion TRANDAFIR, Gheorghe ACHIM, and Adrian BACIU. "Juglone Content in Leaf and Green Husk of Five Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 1 (May 30, 2011): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3915728.

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Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-napthoquinone) is a chemical compound released by walnut trees that can be toxic for surrounding plant species. In the present study, juglone was identified in leaves and green husk in five walnut cultivars: Germisara, Jupanesti, Franquette, Vina, Valcor by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-RP). Juglone was found predominant in green husk (average value of cultivars is about 31.308 mg/100 g). Significant differences in contents of identified juglone were observed among cultivars that ranged from 20.56 to 42.78 mg/100g for green husk, and 5.42 to 22.82 mg/100 g for leaves. It was also found that walnut green husk and leaves represent the most important source of walnut phenolics.

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Xu, M. H., X. Y. Yang, and M. R. Fu. "Combined Ultrasonic and Microwave Method for Juglone Extraction from Walnut Green Husk (Juglans nigra)." Waste and Biomass Valorization 7, no. 5 (February 22, 2016): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9500-x.

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Ahmad, Taseer, and Yuichiro J. Suzuki. "Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling." Antioxidants 8, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8040091.

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Juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a phenolic compound found in walnuts. Because of the antioxidant capacities of phenolic compounds, juglone may serve to combat oxidative stress, thereby protecting against the development of various diseases and aging processes. However, being a quinone molecule, juglone could also act as a redox cycling agent and produce reactive oxygen species. Such prooxidant properties of juglone may confer health effects, such as by killing cancer cells. Further, recent studies revealed that juglone influences cell signaling. Notably, juglone is an inhibitor of Pin1 (peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase) that could regulate phosphorylation of Tau, implicating potential effects of juglone in Alzheimer’s disease. Juglone also activates mitogen-activated protein kinases that could promote cell survival, thereby protecting against conditions such as cardiac injury. This review describes recent advances in the understanding of the effects and roles of juglone in oxidative stress and cell signaling.

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Zhao, Liang Zhong, Shuang Chen, Qing Fang, Duo Zhang, You Peng Zhu, and Fang Fang. "Effect of Juglone on Migration of Human Ovarian Cancer SKOV3 Cells." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1911–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1911.

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Juglone is isolated from many plant species belonging to Juglandaceae family. Recent studies have shown that Juglone exhibits various bioactivities including anti-tumor functions. However, its anti-cancer activity on human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell has not been examined. Thus, the current study was designed to elucidate the effect of Juglone on migration of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. In the present study, SKOV3 cells were incubated with Juglone at various concentrations. Wound healing assay and Transwell chambers were used to detect migration of SKOV3 treated with Juglone for 24h. The result showed that Juglone inhibited the migration of SKOV3 cells with concentration of Juglone at 25, 50 or 100μM compared with control cells. Therefore, our results indicated that Juglone may be a potential candidate of drug for ovarian cancer.

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Meng, Yu, Tao Yang, Zanpei Zhang, Tongqiang Chen, Wenyang Xu, Yong Lai, and Dangquan Zhang. "Characterization of bioactive and bioenergy components from fresh walnut (Juglans regia) leaf." Thermal Science 24, no. 3 Part A (2020): 1777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190806051m.

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Walnut (Juglans regia) is an important economic tree specie, and has unique aroma in its leaf. In order to investigate the bioactive and bioenergy characteristic of compounds in ethanol and benzene extracts from fresh walnut leaf by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that ethanol and benzene extracst fresh walnut leaf contain abundant alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, quinones, phenols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, alkanes, esterscompounds, especially including dl-.alpha.-Tocopherol, juglone, squalene andlupeol, which are important bioactive components. The functional analytic result suggested that compounds from fresh walnut leaf extracts can be developed into raw materials for industries of biofuel, biomedicine, cosmetic, spices and food additive. The ethanol extract of fresh walnut leaf is more rich in biomedicine and food additives components, such as ketones, alkanes, aldehydes, amines, and acides compounds. The benzene extract of fresh walnut leaf is more rich in biofuels, spices, and cosmetic components, such as phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefines and quinones compounds.

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Han, Kook-Il, Eui-Gil Jung, Bharat Bhusan Patnaik, Chang-Il Hong, Young-Jun Kim, Seunghyeon Jung, and Man-Deuk Han. "Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Leaf Extracts from Juglans sinensis, and its Phenolic Compositions." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 11 (November 2017): 1934578X1701201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701201138.

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The beneficial properties of walnut depend on climate, genotype, and farming practices. We investigated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Juglans sinensis Dode cultivars grown in South Korea. Antibacterial activities were assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration method and antioxidant activities using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays. Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of J. sinensis leaves showed the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus SG511, Klebsiella aerogenes 1522E, and/or Enterobacter cloacae P99. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were found to be highest in the ethyl acetate extract. The total flavonoid and polyphenolic contents in the extract were 219.27 mg/g quercetin equivalents and 245.11 mg/g of gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Phenolic acids (gallic and vanillic) and flavonoids (catechin, rutin, and juglone) were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. We conclude that J. sinensis cultivars provide accessible sources of natural antibacterials and antioxidants.

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Hosseini Hashemi, Seyyed Khalil, and Ahmad Jahan Latibari. "Evaluation and identification of walnut heartwood extractives for protection of poplar wood." BioResources 6, no. 1 (November 15, 2010): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.59-69.

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Walnut (Juglans regia L.) heartwood extractives were identified and their potential for protection of poplar wood was evaluated. Test specimens were prepared from poplar wood (Populus nigra L.) to meet BS 838:1961 requirements. Samples were impregnated with heartwood extractive solution (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5% w/w in ethanol-toluene), followed by 5 hours vacuum desiccator technique to reach complete saturation. Impregnated specimens were exposed to white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) for 14 weeks according to BS 838:1961 applying the kolle-flask method. The weight loss of samples was determined after exposure to white-rot fungus. The highest weight loss (36.96%) was observed for untreated control samples and the lowest weight loss (30.40%) was measured in samples treated with 1.5% extractives solution. The analyses of the extracts using GC/MS indicated that major constituents are benzoic acid,3,4,5-tri(hydroxyl) and gallic acid (44.57 %). The two toxic components in the heartwood are juglone (5.15 %) and 2,7-dimethylphenantheren (5.81 %).

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Zubay, Péter, Jakob Kunzelmann, András Ittzés, Éva Németh Zámboriné, and Krisztina Szabó. "Allelopathic effects of leachates of Juglans regia L., Populus tremula L. and juglone on germination of temperate zone cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants." Agroforestry Systems 95, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00572-9.

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AbstractThe environmental benefits of agroforestry systems are well known. However, current knowledge of potential allelopathic interactions is inadequate. The decrease in soil fertility, the increasingly rhapsodic distribution of precipitation, and the special metabolism and cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants are all harbingers of medicinal-agroforestry systems. The authors aimed to discover the allelopathic effects of Juglans regia L. and Populus tremula L. on germination of medicinal and aromatic plants cultivated in a temperate zone. Accordingly, an in vitro germination trial was conducted with leachates of these trees and two juglone concentrations. These allelopathic effects were evaluated for germination vigour, germination rate, and total fresh weight of seedlings of twelve different species. A pronounced species specificity was observed in tolerance of seeds and seedlings to the allelopathic effect of Populus and Juglans. In four of the species studied, the allelopathic effect may inhibit germination, but only initially. Poppy and angelica proved to be the most sensitive to the treatments. The following species had relative tolerance to the allelochemicals, so further research under natural conditions is suggested for: Althea officinalis L. (9.34 ± 5.04–68.66 ± 13.62 GR%), Anethum graveolens L. (12.00 ± 2.00–100.00 ± 6.12 GR%), Cannabis sativa L. (72.66 ± 9.02–91.34 ± 1.16 GR%), Dracocephalum moldavica L. (38.00 ± 2.00–80.00 ± 17.44 GR%), Linum usitatissimum L. (44.66 ± 2.00–58.00 ± 3.46 GR%), and Satureja hortensis L. (52.00 ± 28.22–82.00 ± 8.00 GR%). The aim would be to introduce them into agroforestry systems.

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Ramezani, Nima, Foad Raji, Mashallah Rezakazemi, and Mohammad Younas. "Juglone extraction from walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk by supercritical CO2: Process optimization using Taguchi method." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 3 (June 2020): 103776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.103776.

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Wang, Jiayi, Zixue Wang, Rina Wu, Donghua Jiang, Bing Bai, Dehong Tan, Tingcai Yan, Xiyun Sun, Qi Zhang, and Zhaoxia Wu. "Proteomic Analysis of the Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Juglone against Staphylococcus aureus." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 6 (June 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100632.

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Juglone is a plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial activity. However, the mechanism of action of juglone against Staphylococcus aureus remains unclear. Possible mechanisms were explored by a proteomic analysis of S. aureus proteins that are inhibited by juglone. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that 21 protein spots were differentially expressed between juglone-treated and untreated cells of which 13 were identified. A bioinformatic analysis revealed that proteins participating in protein synthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis were inhibited by juglone, thus leading to cell collapse. These findings provide clues regarding the mechanism of action of juglone, which can be effective for treating cases of S. aureus infection.

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Hu, Qiong, Chunai Yang, Fenshuang Zheng, Hongdan Duan, Yangshan Fu, and Zhongfeng Cheng. "Acute lung injury inhibition by juglone in LPS induced sepsis mouse model involves Sirt1 activation." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 5 (June 26, 2020): 1001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i5.14.

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Purpose: To investigate the effect of juglone on LPS induced lung injury in a mouse model and in TC 1cell line.Methods: Edema formation in lungs were measured by determination of lung wet/dry weight. Expressions of various proteins were assessed by western blot assay, while Sirt1 level was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Mice were randomly assigned to nine groups of 10 mice each: normal control, untreated and seven juglone treatment groups. Acute lung injury was induced in mice by injecting LPS (10 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal route (ip). The treatment groups were given 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 100 μM of juglone, ip, respectively.Results: The levels of MMP-9, IL-6, IL-1β and iNOS were significantly higher in acute lung injury induced mice compared than the control group (p < 0.05). Treatment of the mice with juglone significantly decreased LPS-induced up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependentmanner. The production of inflammatory cytokines was almost completely inhibited in the mice treated with 100 mg/kg dose of juglone, while treatment of the LPS-stimulated TC 1 cells with juglone upregulated the expression of Sirt1 mRNA. Down-regulation of Sirt1 expression by siRNA inhibited the effect of juglone on LPS-induced increase in inflammatory cytokine production.Conclusion: Juglone prevents lung injury in mice via up-regulation of Sirt1 expression. Therefore, juglone might be useful for the development of a treatment strategy for lung injury. Keywords: Inflammatory, Sirtuin, Edema, Cytokines, Lung injury, TC 1 lung alveolar epithelial cells, Sirt1

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Hiradate, Syuntaro, Kenji Ohse, Akihiro Furubayashi, and Yoshiharu Fujii. "Quantitative Evaluation of Allelopathic Potentials in Soils: Total Activity Approach." Weed Science 58, no. 3 (September 2010): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-09-00085.1.

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The allelopathic potential of a plant has been evaluated on the basis of two indicators: specific activity, which is the specific concentration of the allelochemical to exert a half-maximum effect on a receiver plant (EC50), and total activity in a plant, which is the ratio of the concentration of an allelochemical in the producing plant to its EC50. In the present study, a new indicator, total activity in a soil, which takes into account the effects of a soil on the allelopathy activity, is proposed because allelopathic activity is affected by the presence of soils. The total activity in a soil was calculated by multiplying the “total activity in a plant” with a “soil factor.” In this calculation, we assumed simplified cases for comparison, such that the allelopathic plant materials are evenly incorporated in the soils and the allelochemicals are released from the plant materials to the soils at a constant rate. We conducted bioassay experiments in the presence and absence of soils and cited some published data to calculate the specific activities and total activities in a plant and in a soil. The results indicated that the allelopathies of buckwheat caused by (+)-catechin, Leucaena leucocephala by L-mimosine, Xanthium occidentale by trans-cinnamic acid, and Brassica parachinensis by cis-cinnamic acid were not significant in a volcanic ash soil, an alluvial soil, and a calcareous soil, but the allelopathy of sweet vernalgrass caused by coumarin and Spiraea thunbergii by cis-cinnamoyl glucosides was highly effective in those soils. The allelopathies of Juglans species caused by juglone plus juglone precursors and Mucuna pruriens by L-DOPA would depend highly on the soil types. Although some limitations exist for this approach, the total activity approach would allow for a better quantitative estimation of the allelopathic potential of plant materials in soils.

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Kim, Nam-Hun, Hong-Ki Kim, Ji-Hak Lee, Seung-Il Jo, Hye-Min Won, Gyeong-Seok Lee, Hyoun-Su Lee, Kung-Woo Nam, Wan-Jong Kim, and Man-Deuk Han. "Juglone Suppresses LPS-induced Inflammatory Responses and NLRP3 Activation in Macrophages." Molecules 25, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133104.

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The NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. Thus, inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome have emerged as promising approaches to treat inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of juglone (5-hydroxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The inhibitory effects of juglone on nitric oxide (NO) production were assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated J774.1 cells by Griess assay, while its effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NLRP3 ATPase activity were assessed. The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18) and cytotoxicity of juglone in J774.1 cells were also determined. Juglone was non-toxic in J774.1 cells when used at 10 μM (p < 0.01). Juglone treatment inhibited the production of ROS and NO. The levels of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1, as well as the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, were decreased by treatment with juglone in a concentration-dependent manner. Juglone also inhibited the ATPase activities of NLRP3 in LPS/ATP-stimulated J774.1 macrophages. Our results suggested that juglone could inhibit inflammatory cytokine production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages, and should be considered as a therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related diseases.

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Mesalam, Ahmed Atef, Marwa El-Sheikh, Myeong-Don Joo, Atif Ali Khan Khalil, Ayman Mesalam, Mi-Jeong Ahn, and Il-Keun Kong. "Induction of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Juglone Affects the Development of Bovine Oocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010168.

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Juglone, a major naphthalenedione component of walnut trees, has long been used in traditional medicine as an antimicrobial and antitumor agent. Nonetheless, its impact on oocyte and preimplantation embryo development has not been entirely clarified. Using the bovine model, we sought to elucidate the impact of juglone treatment during the in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes on their maturation and development of embryos. Results showed a severe reduction in oocyte nuclear maturation and cumulus expansion and a significant increase in mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) treated with juglone (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 µM). In addition, RT–qPCR showed downregulation of the expansion-related (HAS2, TNFAIP6, PTX3, and PTGS2) and mitochondrial (ATPase6 and ATP5F1E) genes in juglone-treated COCs. Moreover, the development rates of day 4 total cleavage and 8–16 cell stage embryos, as well as day 8 blastocysts, were significantly reduced following exposure to juglone. Using immunofluorescence, the apoptotic marker caspase-9 was overexpressed in oocytes exposed to juglone (25.0 µM) compared to the untreated control. In conclusion, our study reports that exposing bovine oocytes to 12.5–50.0 µM of juglone can reduce their development through the direct induction of ROS accumulation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

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Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mehdi Khayyati, Adel Spotin, Roghayeh Norouzi, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Sonia M. R. Oliveira, Maria de Lourdes Pereira, and Ehsan Ahmadpour. "Scolicidal and Apoptotic Activities of 5-hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone as a Potent Agent against Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14070623.

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Cystic hydatid disease (CHD) is a zoonotic disease with different clinical stages caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. It is important to highlight as a public health problem in various regions of the world. In the current study, the efficacy and apoptotic activity of the liposomal system containing juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) were assessed against protoscoleces (PSCs) in vitro. To this aim, firstly, liposomal vesicles were prepared by the thin-film method. Their physico-chemical features were assessed using Zeta-Sizer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Subsequently, various concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL) of juglone nanoliposomes at different exposure times (15, 30, 60, and 120 min) were used against PSCs. Results showed that juglone nanoliposomes at all tested concentrations induced scolicidal effect, however, 800 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL of juglone nanoliposomes could reach 100% mortality in 60 and 120 min, respectively. Additionally, we found that caspase-3 mRNA expression was higher in PSCs treated with juglone nanoliposomes compared to control groups (p < 0.001). Therefore, juglone nanoliposomes are suggested to have a more potent apoptotic effect on PSCs. Generally, optimized doses of juglone nanoliposomes could display significant scolicidal effects. Moreover, further in vivo studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of this nanoliposome.

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Emelyanova, Elena V., and Inna P. Solyanikova. "Understanding the Mechanism of Formation of a Response to Juglone for Intact and Immobilized Bacterial Cells as Recognition Elements of Microbial Sensors: Processes Causing the Biosensor Response." Biosensors 11, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11020056.

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Microbial reactor sensors (based on freshly harvested intact microbial cells) or microbial membrane sensors (based on immobilized microbial cells) can be used as convenient instruments for studying processes that cause the response of a biosensor, such as the properties of enzymes or the characteristics of metabolism. However, the mechanisms of the formation of biosensors responses have not yet been fully understood to study only one of these processes. In this work, the results of studies on the formation of a response to juglone for intact and immobilized bacterial cells used as receptors are presented. It was shown that the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the formation of the biosensor response depends on the culture receptor and the form of juglone, quinone, or phenolate used. The response to the quinone form of juglone both for intact and immobilized cells of catalase-positive actinobacterium is formed regardless of the presence of ROS. The response of freshly harvested intact actinobacterial cells was caused by the rate of the enzymatic conversion of juglone. The rate of the response of immobilized actinobacterial cells was influenced by the activity of transport systems and metabolism. The response of immobilized pseudomonad cells was caused by the transport of juglone into cells, the inhibitory effect of juglone-induced ROS, and juglone metabolism.

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Erisen, Semiha, Tülin Arasoğlu, Banu Mansuroglu, İsmail Kocacaliskan, and Serap Derman. "Cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of juglone: a comparison of free and nano-encapsulated form." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 71, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3344.

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AbstractDespite its evidenced beneficial herbicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, the application of juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4,-naphthoquinone) is limited due to its low water solubility and allelopathic and toxic effects. In recent years, research has aimed to overcome these limitations by increasing its solubility and controlling its release through nanoparticular systems. This is the first study to have synthesised and characterised juglone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles and compared them with free juglone for cytotoxicity in mouse (L929 fibroblasts) and alfalfa cells and for mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA98/100. Mouse and plant cells treated with free and nano-encapsulated juglone showed a decrease in cell viability in a dose and time-dependent manner, but this effect was significantly lower with the nano-encapsulated form at lower doses. In the TA98 strain with S9, nano-encapsulated juglone did not exhibit mutagenic effects, unlike the free form. Since all results show that juglone encapsulation with polymeric nanoparticles reduced the toxic and mutagenic effects, it has a promising potential to be applied in medicine, food safety, and agriculture.

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Zhang, Wei, Wen He Zhu, Yan Li, Jun Luo, and Shi Jie Lv. "Proliferation Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction of Juglone on Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1961.

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Abstract: To investigate whether juglone could inhibits the proliferation on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in vitro. Cells were divided into control group, different concentration (10μM, 20μM, 50μM, 100μM and200μM) juglone groups for different durations. The viability of HeLa cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The morphology changes of HeLa cells were observed by inverted microscope .The results showed that the viability of HeLa cells was decreased and the cell morphology was changed in a dose-dependent manner after treatment different concentration juglone for 24h when compared with control group. The results suggest that Juglone may be effective for the treatment of HeLa cells.

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Alexe, A.-M., and C. Vizireanu. "Optimization of the extraction process in order to isolate antioxidant compounds from walnut leaves." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 2 (May 12, 2014): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.2.56-59.

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In the popular perception, nuts were considered to have high content of fats and therefore were seen as unhealthy foods, which are indicted in different cardio-vascular diseases or diabetes. This perception has changed after the lately researches, which proved their healthy fatty acid profile of the walnut and its products. The walnut (Juglans regia L.) consumption is now associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart diseases, cancer and all other oxidative stress mediated diseases. Different studies had shown that the walnut leaves contain several phenolic compounds which contribute to their biological properties. Researchers are focused on walnut because it contains an important phenolic compound called juglone and it is used in the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases. They also inhibit the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and also fungi. The present research has the priority to establish the proper method of extraction using walnut leaves and a mixture of solvents in different volumetric proportions. Primary the walnut leaves were extracted with a mixture of ethanol and water in proportions 50:50; 60:40; 70:30; 80:20. After the extracts were obtained, they were concentrated and the final extract was used to analysis.

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Catanzaro, Elena, Giulia Greco, Lucia Potenza, Cinzia Calcabrini, and Carmela Fimognari. "Natural Products to Fight Cancer: A Focus on Juglans regia." Toxins 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110469.

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Even if cancer represents a burden for human society, an exhaustive cure has not been discovered yet. Low therapeutic index and resistance to pharmacotherapy are two of the major limits of antitumour treatments. Natural products represent an excellent library of bioactive molecules. Thus, tapping into the natural world may prove useful in identifying new therapeutic options with favourable pharmaco-toxicological profiles. Juglans regia, or common walnut, is a very resilient tree that has inhabited our planet for thousands of years. Many studies correlate walnut consumption to beneficial effects towards several chronic diseases, such as cancer, mainly due to the bioactive molecules stored in different parts of the plant. Among others, polyphenols, quinones, proteins, and essential fatty acids contribute to its pharmacologic activity. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive perspective about the antitumour potential of the most promising compounds stored in this plant, such as juglanin, juglone, and the ellagitannin-metabolites urolithins or deriving from walnut dietary intake. All molecules and a chronic intake of the fruit provide tangible anticancer effects. However, the scarcity of studies on humans does not allow results to be conclusive.

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Benites, Julio, Héctor Toledo, Felipe Salas, Angélica Guerrero, David Rios, Jaime A. Valderrama, and Pedro Buc Calderon. "In VitroInhibition ofHelicobacter pyloriGrowth by Redox Cycling Phenylaminojuglones." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1618051.

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Infection byHelicobacter pyloriincreases 10 times the risk of developing gastric cancer. Juglone, a natural occurring 1,4-naphthoquinone, preventsH. pylorigrowth by interfering with some of its critical metabolic pathways. Here, we report the design, synthesis, andin vitroevaluation of a series of juglone derivatives, namely, 2/3-phenylaminojuglones, as potentialH. pylorigrowth inhibitors. Results show that 5 out of 12 phenylaminojuglones (at 1.5 μg/mL) were 1.5–2.2-fold more active than juglone. Interestingly, most of the phenylaminojuglones (10 out of 12) were 1.1–2.8 fold more active than metronidazole, a knownH. pylorigrowth inhibitor. The most active compound, namely, 2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino)-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione 7, showed significant higher halo of growth inhibitions (HGI = 32.25 mm) to that of juglone and metronidazole (HGI = 14.50 and 11.67 mm). Structural activity relationships of the series suggest that the nature and location of the nitrogen substituents in the juglone scaffold, likely due in part to their redox potential, may influence the antibacterial activity of the series.

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Blauenburg, Bastian, Mikko Metsä-Ketelä, and Karel D. Klika. "Formation of 5-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 8-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-1,2-naphthoquinone from Juglone." ISRN Organic Chemistry 2012 (November 5, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/274980.

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From the treatment of 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone) with acetic anhydride and H2SO4 followed subsequently by treatment with methanolic HCl, 5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (3-methoxy juglone) and 8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-1,2-naphthoquinone were obtained as products rather than the anticipated product 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-hydroxy juglone). The reaction and the identification of the products are discussed in terms of NMR and DFT calculations.

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Ostry, M. E., S. Katovich, and R. L. Anderson. "First Report of Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum on Black Walnut." Plant Disease 81, no. 7 (July 1997): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.7.830d.

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Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum is killing butternut (Juglans cinerea) throughout North America. Although black walnut (J. nigra) and other Juglans spp. can be infected with artificial inoculations (2), butternut previously was thought to be the only known natural host. In May 1985, a black walnut, 48 cm in diameter with multiple elliptical cankers on the main stem and lower branches, was found by R. L. Anderson in North Carolina. No fruit bodies were present but isolation from cankers characteristic of those found on butternut produced sporulating pure cultures identical to those described for S. clavigignenti-jugland-acearum (1). A large butternut with coalescing, elliptical cankers was located about 45 m from the infected walnut. In spring 1996, in a plantation in southeastern Minnesota, examination of two 20-year-old black walnuts exhibiting branch dieback revealed hyphal pegs and hyaline, two-celled, fusiform conidia identical to those described for S. clavi-gignenti-juglandacearum (1) on 1994 and 1995 branch wood. Isolations from symptomatic twigs resulted in recovery of the fungus in pure culture. Scattered, naturally occurring, infected, mature butternut and butternut saplings with multiple branch and stem cankers were growing throughout the plantation. Severe winter injury of black walnut in southeastern Minnesota the preceding 3 years may have predisposed trees to infection. References: (1) V. M. G. Nair et al. Mycologia 71:641, 1979. (2) M. E. Ostry et al. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-165, St. Paul, MN: USDA, Forest Service, North Central For. Exp. Stn., 1994.

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Nan, Qiu, Xu Xinmei, He Yingying, and Fan Chengfen. "Juglone Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppression of the TLR4/Nf-κb Pathway." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 18, no. 2 (January 7, 2020): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:201-206.

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Sepsis, with high mortality, induces deleterious organ dysfunction and acute lung injury. Natural compounds show protective effect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Juglone, a natural naphthoquinone, demonstrates pharmacological actions as a pro-apoptotic substrate in tumor treatment and anti-inflammation substrate in organ injury. In this study, the influence of juglone on sepsis-induced acute lung injury was investigated. First, a septic mice model was established via cecal ligation and puncture, and then verified via histopathological analysis of lung tissues, the wet/dry mass ratio and myeloperoxidase activity was determined. Cecal ligation and puncture could induce acute lung injury in septic mice, as demonstrated by alveolar damage and increase of wet/dry mass ratio and myeloperoxidase activity. However, intragastric administration juglone attenuated cecal ligation and puncture-induced acute lung injury. Secondly, cecal ligation and puncture-induced increase of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also alleviated by the administration of juglone. Similarly, the protective effect of juglone against cecal ligation and puncture-induced acute lung injury was accompanied by a reduction of pro-inflammatory factor secretion in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissues. Cecal ligation and puncture could activate toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway, and administration of juglone suppressed toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B activation. In conclusion, juglone attenuated cecal ligation and puncture-induced lung damage and inflammatory response through inactivation of toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of sepsis-induced acute lung injury.

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Park, Myung-Hwan, Keonhee Kim, and Soon-Jin Hwang. "Differential Effects of the Allelochemical Juglone on Growth of Harmful and Non-Target Freshwater Algae." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082873.

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Allelopathy has been applied to control nuisance algae in aquatic systems, but the effects of allelochemicals on the broad spectrum of algae are not well understood. We investigate algicidal effects of the allelochemical juglone on the bloom-forming, harmful algae Microcystis aeruginosa and Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and on several non-target algal species including cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos–aquae, Oscillatoria curviceps, and Phormidium subfuscum), diatoms (Asterionella formosa, Fragilaria crotonensis, and Synedra acus), and green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus ecornis, and Scenedesmus quadricauda), in laboratory and field enclosure bioassays. Under three treatment concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg L−1) of juglone, Microcystis cell density is significantly reduced by 35–93%. Concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg L−1 inhibits Stephanodiscus growth almost equally (66% and 75%, respectively). To contrast, juglone produces a stimulatory allelopathic effect on three green algae, and other tested diatoms showed hormesis. Overall, the cyanobacteria are more sensitive to juglone than the green algae and diatoms. These results indicate that the allelopathic effects of juglone on microalgae vary depending on their characteristic cellular morphology and anatomy.

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Bloomer, James L., Kenneth W. Stagliano, and Joseph A. Gazzillo. "Preparation of functionalized juglone acetates and juglones via 1,4-dimethoxynaphthalene derivatives: synthesis of anthraquinones related to rhein and aloe-emodin." Journal of Organic Chemistry 58, no. 27 (December 1993): 7906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00079a042.

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Xu, Huali, Xiaofeng Yu, Shaochun Qu, and Dayun Sui. "Juglone, isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim, induces apoptosis via down-regulation of AR expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 23, no. 12 (June 2013): 3631–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.007.

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Soto-Maldonado, Carmen, Mauricio Vergara-Castro, John Jara-Quezada, Eduardo Caballero-Valdés, Andrea Müller-Pavez, María Elvira Zúñiga-Hansen, and Claudia Altamirano. "Polyphenolic extracts of walnut (Juglans regia) green husk containing juglone inhibit the growth of HL-60 cells and induce apoptosis." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 39 (May 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.02.001.

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Gevrenova, Reneta. "Determination of natural colorants in plant extracts by high performance liquid chromatography." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 7 (2010): 903–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc091027071g.

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The determination of the colouring compounds apigenin (1), lawsone (2), juglone (3) and indigotin (4) in plant extracts using HPLC - UV/VIS methods is reported. The methods were applied to the analysis of 1-4 in ethanolic and propylene glycolic extracts originating, respectively, from chamomile (Chamomilla recutita [L] Rauschert, Asteraceae), henna (Lawsonia inermis L., Lythraceae), walnut (Juglans regia L., Juglandaceae) and natural indigo (Indigofera sp., Fabaceae). In the case of the indigo extracts, an optimized acid hydrolysis was applied. HPLC separations were performed on a Hypersil ODS RP18 column using linear gradient elution programs. The detection limits for 1-4 were 0.11, 0.6, 0.10, 0.089 ?g mL-1, respectively. The procedure did not involve any sample ?clean -up? methods. The amounts of the colouring compounds ranged from 0.006 mg mL-1 (3) to 0.13 mg mL-1 (4) in the ethanolic extracts and from 0.22 mg mL-1 (2) to 1.44 mg mL-1 (4) in propylene glycolic extracts. The proposed HPLC methods are advantageous in terms of sample preparation and the selective separation of the compounds. The plant dye extracts are commonly used in hair colouring formulations. The results indicate that the methods developed may serve for the quantitative control of dying plants and cosmetic products.

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Ourique, Fabiana, Maicon R. Kviecinski, Karina B. Felipe, João Francisco Gomes Correia, Mirelle S. Farias, Luiza S. E. P. W. Castro, Valdelúcia M. A. S. Grinevicius, et al. "DNA Damage and Inhibition of Akt Pathway in MCF-7 Cells and Ehrlich Tumor in Mice Treated with 1,4-Naphthoquinones in Combination with Ascorbate." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/495305.

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The aim of this study was to enhance the understanding of the antitumor mechanism of 1,4-naphthoquinones and ascorbate. Juglone, phenylaminonaphthoquinone-7, and 9 (Q7/Q9) were evaluated for effects on CT-DNA and DNA of cancer cells. Evaluations in MCF-7 cells are DNA damage, ROS levels, viability, and proliferation. Proteins from MCF-7 lysates were immunoblotted for verifying PARP integrity,γH2AX, and pAkt. Antitumor activity was measured in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. The same markers of molecular toxicity were assessedin vivo. The naphthoquinones intercalate into CT-DNA and caused oxidative cleavage, which is increased in the presence of ascorbate. Treatments caused DNA damage and reduced viability and proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Effects were potentiated by ascorbate. No PARP cleavage was observed. Naphthoquinones, combined with ascorbate, caused phosphorylation of H2AX and inhibited pAkt. ROS were enhanced in MCF-7 cells, particularly by the juglone and Q7 plus ascorbate. Ehrlich carcinoma was inhibited by juglone, Q7, or Q9, but the potentiating effect of ascorbate was reproducedin vivoonly in the cases of juglone and Q7, which caused up to 60% inhibition of tumor and the largest extension of survival. Juglone and Q7 plus ascorbate caused enhanced ROS and DNA damage and inhibited pAkt also in Ehrlich carcinoma cells.

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Pektas, M. Bilgehan, Ozge Turan, Gozde Ozturk Bingol, Esra Sumlu, Gökhan Sadi, and Fatma Akar. "High glucose causes vascular dysfunction through Akt/eNOS pathway: reciprocal modulation by juglone and resveratrol." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 96, no. 8 (August 2018): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2017-0639.

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Transient elevations in blood glucose level may lead to changes in vascular function. Herein, we investigated the effects of high-glucose or high-fructose challenge, as well as potential influence of juglone or resveratrol on vascular reactivity, Akt/eNOS, and insulin signaling effectors in rat aorta. Aortic segments of rats were incubated with high glucose (30 mmol/L) or high fructose (2 mmol/L) in the absence and presence of juglone (5 μmol/L) or resveratrol (10 μmol/L). Acute high-glucose incubation markedly decreased acetylcholine-induced relaxation, which is further inhibited by juglone, but ameliorated by resveratrol. Incubation with high glucose caused significant reduction in pAkt/total Akt and peNOS/total eNOS ratios, as well as in the expression of some genes involved in insulin signaling. Juglone produced a further impairment, whereas resveratrol resulted in an improvement on the expression profiles of these proteins and genes. Acute exposure of aortic segments to high glucose causes a reduction in acetylcholine-induced relaxation in association with suppression of Akt/eNOS pathway, as well as several genes in insulin signaling pathway. Juglone and resveratrol have opposite actions on vascular relaxation and the above signaling targets. These findings could be relevant for the treatment of hyperglycemia-induced vascular complications.

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50

Clark, Alice M., Tannis M. Jurgens, and Charles D. Hufford. "Antimicrobial activity of juglone." Phytotherapy Research 4, no. 1 (February 1990): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650040104.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Juglona'

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