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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'July 22'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 February 2023

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1

Hakvåg, Hedda. "Remembering terror, remobilizing whiteness : Norwegian discourses of nationhood after July 22." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54040.

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On July 22, 2011, a right-wing terrorist killed 77 people in a double terrorist attack in Norway. Presenting a critical discourse analysis of the annual memorial speeches and coverage from 2012 to 2014, this thesis examines how visions of national identity are produced in and through the remembrance of the terrorist attacks. Situated within the framework of feminist intersectionality, the analysis pays particular attention to discourses of racialized, gendered, and religious belonging. While the terrorist’s identity as a white, Christian, Norwegian man seemingly provided a counterpoint to the dominant Western narrative in which terrorism is associated with racialized, Muslim men, the July 22 remembrance largely fails to explore the intersections between the terrorist’s ideology and more common forms of racism, Islamophobia, and gender essentialism. Instead, the attack is decontextualized, and the subtle use of racialized and ethno-nationalist rhetoric reframes terror as a threat posed by dangerous Muslim outsiders to an innocent, white national community. By emphasizing collectivity and assuming a consensus on values, politicians and media erase differences within the nation and construct sameness, ethnic kinship, and Lutheranism as the criteria for inclusion in the imagined community. These gendered, racialized, and religious ideas of citizenship in turn inform public responses to a heightened sense of vulnerability, legitimizing a securitization of state and increased policing of racialized groups despite the rhetorical calls for more openness and more democracy. In investigating the July 22 memorial claims about Norwegianness against the lived diversity of present-day Norway and its histories of violence, this thesis asks us to consider the human costs of positioning sameness as the criterion for belonging. It presents a case study of the complexity of whiteness and its intersections with gender and religion in a smaller European country, thereby adding to an underexplored area of critical whiteness studies.
Arts, Faculty of
Gender, Race, Sexuality and Social Justice, Institute for
Graduate
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2

Bennett, Stewart L. "A Warfare of Giants: The Battle for Atlanta, July 22, 1864." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BennettSL2009.pdf.

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3

Jones, Kristine L. "In Appreciation of Henry Farmer Dobyns, 3 July 1925 to 22 June 2009." Duke University Press, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/302704.

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This is a tribute published in the journal Ethnohistory for Dr. Henry F. Dobyns in 2010. This piece was written by one of his former colleagues that he worked with at the Newberry Library in Chicago, IL.
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4

Söderlund, Malin. "Governmental Crisis Response – To be On Top of the Frame : The Case of Norway 22/7 2011 - Crisis communication and news management." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4148.

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This paper examines the mechanisms of “successful” communication in matters of political leaders’ability to gain public trust and credibility during large scale crises. Even though political actors andother stakeholders tend to be very proactive to promote their views, news media also play an activeand important role in framing public policy issues and crises.1 Thus, this thesis involves both politicalactors and media in the context of framing and crisis communication. Their interrelation and itsimportance for explaining successful crisis communication is demonstrated by producing a case studyof the Norwegian government’s communication efforts during and after the terrorist attack in Osloand the island of Utöya 22/7 2011. This paper argues and demonstrates that the active use ofpositive frames, that are cultural congruent and resonate with the media shaping, is a necessity tocreate a favorable context for winning praise and support in times of crisis. In line with previousresearch, framing strategies in crisis communication is demonstrated to be central to the crisisresponse and determines whether a responsible stakeholder is able to create momentum, maintainand even gain increased public support or not.
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5

Gerhardsen, Anki. "En performativ tragedie : Et kulturkritisk essay etter 22. juli." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for nordistikk og litteraturvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17535.

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6

Henriksen, Line. "Arkiverte følelser : Om spontane minnesteder etter 22. juli og deres transformasjon fra minnesteder til arkivmateriale." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for historie og klassiske fag, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21469.

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7

Østgårdsgjelten, Lisbeth Bækken. "Lyden av livet : Musikkens rolle og funksjon i en krisesituasjon." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for musikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23026.

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Oppgaven omhandler musikkens rolle og funksjon i en krisesituasjon, og hvordan dette viser seg gjennom musikk som uttrykk, og musikk som terapi og bearbeiding. Det er tatt utgangspunkt i terrorangrepene mot Oslo og Utøya 22. juli 2011 som case-studie, og menneskers oppfatning av musikkens rolle og funksjon i denne konteksten.
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8

Gyhagen, Carl Mikael. "#Utøya : En studie av informasjonsspredning over Twitter under terrorhandlingene i Oslo og på Utøya den 22. juli 2011." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10810.

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This study is an analysis of the spread of information through Twitter contrasted with the reporting through a major Norwegian news network (TV2 Nyhetskanalen) during the terrorist bombing in Oslo and the massacre at Utøya July 22nd, 2011. The paper explores the impact of individual Tweets immediately before and after four key events: (1) the bombing of the governmental buildings in Akersgaten, (2) the first official reports of shootings at the Labour party youth camp at Utøya, (3) the arrest of the terrorist and (4) the publication of the identity of Anders Behring Breivik. Through tabulation of the potential audience for each re-Tweet received by the Tweets during these intervals, the goal is to determine the potential impact of Twitter as a social sensor and message bearer during dramatic events such as terrorist attacks. Through an extensive crawling of over 60.000 interactions, each Tweet's individual impact is shown to have reached audiences of several hundred thousand potential readers, often ahead of public reporting. This may be read in contradiction to earlier research, stating Twitter's prevailing tendency of being a reactive medium. The results also point to a changing relationship between eye-witness accounts and the public audience without media as an intermediate moderator.
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9

Johansson, Pontus, and Klas Andersson. "Att förklara det oförklarliga : En kritisk diskursanalys av svensk press nyhetsrapportering från attentaten i Oslo och på Utøya 22 juli 2011." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23227.

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This study examines how Sweden’s four biggest newspapers deal with the attacks in Oslo and on Utøya the 22nd of July 2011. This date, where the ethnic Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik, bombed the goverment headquarter and killed 69 people at a political camp, will be remembered for a long period of time.    With its critical perspective, this study examines a total of thirteen news articles published within eight days after the attacks in Oslo and on Utøya, to see in what way the Swedish news papers constructs Breivik as a person. Furthermore the study examines in what way the Swedish newspapers makes connections to Sweden and to what extent speculation is used in the news articles.   The theoretical premises for the study are the critical discourse analysis, and key elements within it that is used are ideology, discourse and micro- and macro analysis. The conclusion shows that Swedish newspapers are disposed to construct Breivik as a unique individual who falls outside the normative scopes in their explanations of a murderer or a terrorist. Furthermore this study concludes that Sweden and Norway is construct as a ‘We’ in the Swedish newspapers articles, and that a higher rate of speculation is established in the critical news reporting.
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10

Indergaard, Eirik Yohan. "Rammene i nyhetene : En triangulering av kvantitativ -og kvalitativ studie av nyhetsrammene på forsiden i Aftenposten, VG og Adresseavisen, i forbindelse med terrorangrepet 22. juli 2011." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-22756.

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11

Hjorth, Minja, and Mathias Jonsson. "Att förklara en terrorist : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av rapporteringen av händelserna i Oslo och på Utøya den 22 juli 2011 i Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter och Göteborgs-Posten." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kommunikation, medier och it, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15712.

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Den 22 juli 2011 bombade Anders Behring Breivik regeringskvarteren i Oslo. 8 personer dog och flera skadades. Bomben orsakade också stor materiell skada. Några timmar senare sköt gärningsmannen ihjäl 69 personer på ön Utøya. Denna studie undersöker hur Dagens Nyheter, Göteborgs-Posten, Aftonbladet och Expressen rapporterade kring händelserna de fem första dagarna efter dåden. Med utgångspunkt i ett diskursperspektiv har studien genom kvalitativ analys av texterna svarat på hur gärningsmannen till de båda dåden har förklarats i de fyra tidningarna. Det har visat sig att han beskrivits på många olika sätt. Han har framställts som exempelvis terrorist och högerextrem, personlighetsstörd och som psykiskt sjuk. Dessa skapar tillsammans med andra beskrivningar, som exempelvis singel, frimurare eller ond, en bild av gärningsmannen som inte är enhetlig. Beskrivningarna fungerar som förklaringar till dåden. Det kan med stöd i tidigare forskning vara så att rädslan över att kategorisera rasistiska ytt-ringar eller som i detta fall, terroristiska och högerextrema sådana, vilket gör att gärnings-mannen inte kategoriseras som det ena eller det andra utan får flera benämningar. Studien har som en andra slutsats kommit fram till att de olika rubriceringarna fungerar som en förklar-ingsmodell eller orsak till brottet eftersom det inte förklaras djupare utan får stå för sig själva. En tredje slutsats är att terrorism och terrorist är beteckningar på brottet och gärningsmannen, snarare än en förklaring till varför det inträffat. Detta eftersom dessa beteckningar återkom-mer oavsett vilken förklaring som anges.
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12

Isaksen, Linn. "Terror på trykk : En presseetisk analyse av den umiddelbare dekningen av terrorangrepene i Oslo og på Utøya 22. juli 2011 i Verdens Gang, Aftenposten, Aftonbladet og Dagens Nyheter." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77395.

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Formålet med denne studien er å belyse og drøfte presseetiske problemstillinger som oppsto under den umiddelbare dekningen av terrorangrepene i Oslo og på Utøya den 22. juli 2011, i avisene VG, Aftenposten, Aftonbladet og Dagens Nyheter. Studiens teoretiske rammeverk omfatter de presseetiske systemene i Norge og Sverige, nyhetskonkurransen og kommersialiseringens konsekvenser, samt forskning på presseetikkens plass i krim- og katastrofejournalistikk generelt, og i de aktuelle hendelsene spesielt. I studien kombineres kvalitativ tekstanalyse, med verktøy fra henholdsvis kildekritisk- og retorisk analyse, og kvalitative forskningsintervju. Resultatene viser at presseetiske problemstillinger knyttet til øyevitners, politiets og anonyme kilders pålitelighet og bristende kildekritikk i forhold til blant annet informasjonssubsidier, var fremtredende i det undersøkte materialet. Kritikkverdig bruk av spissvinklede titler og andre former for journalistisk løgnaktighet, foreligger også, på samme måte som nærgående bildebruk av skadde og døde. Studien antyder også at den harde nyhetskonkurransen hadde en negativ effekt på deler av rapporteringen. Det finnes mange likheter, men også interessante forskjeller mellom så vel dekningen som i den etiske refleksjonen i de analyserte avisene. Aftonbladet skiller seg ut som den avis med den mest diskutable dekningen sett fra et etisk perspektiv, uten at dette internt begrunnes med at avisen utgis utenfor rekkevidde for de fleste av tragediens berørte og pårørende.
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13

Johnsen, Christine. "Bruken av sosiale medier i en krisesituasjon : En kvalitativ studie av hvilke roller sosiale medier spilte for ungdommer i AUF, i forbindelse med terrorangrepet på Utøya 22. juli 2011." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17605.

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14

CONRAD, ARVIN CLARENCE JR. "SYNTHESIS OF ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY OBSERVATIONS: A THUNDERSTORM ON JULY 22, 1977, IN FLORIDA; DAY 77203 TRIP 77, KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY, LIGHTNING)." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/15890.

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Observations of an air-mass thunderstorm occurring July 22, 1977, during the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP-77) at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida are interpreted. These observations yield insight into storm dynamical and eletrical mechanisms and their interrelationships. The dynamics of this storm are markedly different from that of the classical picture of an isolated convective system. The observed air-mass cells exhibit dynamic and electric changes on time and spatial scales that are significantly smaller than described in text book examples: time scales on the order of 10 rather than 30-90 minutes and areal extents on the order of < 4 km rather than 6-10 km. Fast scanning radar (NMIMT-REDBALL) images indicate that dynamic periodicity is produced by rapid buoyant-bubble growth. Comparison of acoustic and radio frequency (RF) derived source locations suggest that these techniques depict entirely different scale phenomena. The RF (KSC-REAL TIME LDAR) consistently located sources higher in the cloud than the concurrent thunder locations. These thunderstorms produce copious quantities of RF radiation from small discharge processes that are not classically considered lightning (i.e., a flash of light followed by thunder). There is temporal complementarity (anticorrelation) in the activity profiles of the small upper-cloud discharges and lightnings; i.e., RF "sizzle" precedes lightning that produces an acoustic "bang". When acoustic source locations of sequential events are overlaid, the volumes depicted by these loci seek or fill disjoint jet contiguous regions rather than repeatedly discharging the same volume. This is important to considerations of thunderstorm charging rates because the lightnings are not discharging the same volume, hence, cloud volume recharging between events is not necessary. The inherent temporal and spatial "granularity" in the data acquisition makes data comparisons difficult which inhibits the ability of such experiments to resolve questions of cloud electrification. The testing of these hypotheses requires highly resolved ground based observations and in situ microphysical and electrical measurements. Attention to simultaneity in data acquisition is paramount in the design of cooperative thunderstorm electrification studies.
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15

Cras, Elisabeth, and Rebecca Hoff. "Norges Eget 11 september : En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av tidningsrapporteringen om terrordåden i Norge den 22 juli 2011." Thesis, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-11928.

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