Relevant bibliographies by topics / Junctional resistance

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Junctional resistance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Junctional resistance"

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Kim, Joanna, and John A. Cooper. "Septins regulate junctional integrity of endothelial monolayers." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 14 (July 15, 2018): 1693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0136.

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Junctional integrity of endothelial monolayers is crucial to control movement of molecules and cells across the endothelium. Examining the structure and dynamics of cell junctions in endothelial monolayers, we discovered a role for septins. Contacts between adjacent endothelial cells were dynamic, with protrusions extending above or below neighboring cells. Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) was present at cell junctions, with a membrane-associated layer of F-actin. Septins localized at cell-junction membranes, in patterns distinct from VE-cadherin and F-actin. Septins assumed curved and scallop-shaped patterns at junctions, especially in regions of positive membrane curvature associated with actin-rich membrane protrusions. Depletion of septins led to disrupted morphology of VE-cadherin junctions and increased expression of VE-cadherin. In videos, septin-depleted cells displayed remodeling at cell junctions; regions with VE-cadherin were broader, and areas with membrane ruffling were wider. Septin depletion and junction disruption led to functional loss of junctional integrity, revealed by decreased transendothelial electric resistance and increased transmigration of immune cells. We conclude that septins, as cytoskeletal elements associated with the plasma membrane, are important for cell junctions and junctional integrity of endothelial monolayers, functioning at regions of positive curvature in support of actin-rich protrusions to promote cadherin-based cell junctions.
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Quadri, Sadiqa K., and Jahar Bhattacharya. "Resealing of endothelial junctions by focal adhesion kinase." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 292, no. 1 (January 2007): L334—L342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00228.2006.

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Endothelial cell (EC) junctions determine vascular barrier properties and are subject to transient opening to allow liquid flux from blood to tissue. Although EC junctions open in the presence of permeability-enhancing factors, including oxidants, the mechanisms by which they reseal remain inadequately understood. To model opening and resealing of EC junctions in the presence of an oxidant, we quantified changes in H2O2-induced transendothelial resistance (TER) in monolayers of rat lung microvascular EC. During a 30-min exposure, H2O2 (100 μM) decreased TER for an initial ∼10 min, indicating junctional opening. Subsequently, despite continuous presence of H2O2, TER recovered to baseline, indicating the activation of junctional resealing mechanisms. These bimodal TER transients matched the time course of loss and then gain of E-cadherin at EC junctions. The timing of the TER decrease matched the onset of focal adhesion formation, while F-actin increase at the cell periphery occurred with a time course that complemented the recovery of peripheral E-cadherin. In monolayers expressing a focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mutant (del-FAK) that inhibits FAK activity, the initial H2O2-induced junctional opening was present, although the subsequent junctional recovery was blocked. Expression of transfected E-cadherin was evident at the cell periphery of wild-type but not del-FAK-expressing EC. E-cadherin overexpression in del-FAK-expressing EC failed to effect major rescue of the junctional resealing response. These findings indicate that in oxidant-induced EC junction opening, FAK plays a critical role in remodeling the adherens junction to reseal the barrier.
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Gumbiner, B., B. Stevenson, and A. Grimaldi. "The role of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin in the formation and maintenance of the epithelial junctional complex." Journal of Cell Biology 107, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.107.4.1575.

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The role of the epithelial adhesion molecule uvomorulin in the formation of the epithelial junctional complex in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was investigated. Experiments were carried out to determine whether specific inhibition of uvomorulin function would interfere selectively with the formation, stability, or function of the apical zonula adherens (ZA) and zonula occludens (ZO), or whether it would interfere with all forms of intercellular contact including the desmosomes. The effects of blocking antibodies and Fab fragments to uvomorulin on the formation of the junctional complex was examined with a Ca2+ switch assay for de novo junction assembly. The formation of the ZO, the ZA, and the desmosomes was assayed by fluorescence staining with an antibody to the tight junction-specific protein ZO-1, with rhodamine-phalloidin for ZA-associated actin filaments, and with an anti-desmoplakin antibody, respectively. Under different conditions and times of antibody treatment the extent of inhibition of the formation of each of the junctional elements was very similar. The ability of the cells to eventually overcome the inhibitory effect of the antibodies and form junctions correlated with the reappearance of uvomorulin at the regions of cell-cell contact. Therefore uvomorulin seems to mediate an early adhesion event between epithelial cells that is a prerequisite for the assembly of all elements of the junctional complex. In contrast, the transepithelial electrical resistance of confluent, well-established monolayers of MDCK cells grown on filters was not greatly affected by treatment with the various antibodies or Fab fragments. A small transient decrease in resistance observed with the polyclonal alpha-uvomorulin IgG may be due to a more subtle modulation of the junctional complex.
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Zampighi, G., M. Kreman, F. Ramón, A. L. Moreno, and S. A. Simon. "Structural characteristics of gap junctions. I. Channel number in coupled and uncoupled conditions." Journal of Cell Biology 106, no. 5 (May 1, 1988): 1667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.106.5.1667.

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Gap junctions between crayfish lateral axons were studied by combining anatomical and electrophysiological measurements to determine structural changes associated during uncoupling by axoplasmic acidification. In basal conditions, the junctional resistance, Rj, was approximately 60-80 k omega and the synapses appeared as two adhering membranes; 18-20-nm overall thickness, containing transverse densities (channels) spanning both membranes and the narrow extracellular gap (4-6 nm). In freeze-fracture replicas, the synapses contained greater than 3 X 10(3) gap junction plaques having a total of approximately 3.5 X 10(5) intramembrane particles. "Single" gap junction particles represented approximately 10% of the total number of gap junction particles present in the synapse. Therefore, in basal conditions, most of the gap junction particles were organized in plaques. Moreover, correlations of the total number of gap junction particles with Rj suggested that most of the junctional particles in plaques corresponded to conducting channels. Upon acidification of the axoplasm to pH 6.7-6.8, the junctional resistance increased to approximately 300 k omega and action potentials failed to propagate across the septum. Morphological measurements showed that the total number of gap junction particles in plaques decreased approximately 11-fold to 3.1 X 10(4) whereas the number of single particles dispersed in the axolemmae increased significantly. Thin sections of these synapses showed that the width of the extracellular gap increased from 4-6 nm in basal conditions to 10-20 nm under conditions where axoplasmic pH was 6.7-6.8. These observations suggest that single gap junction particles dispersed in the synapse most likely represent hemi-channels produced by the dissasembly of channels previously arranged in plaques.
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Stevenson, B. R., J. M. Anderson, D. A. Goodenough, and M. S. Mooseker. "Tight junction structure and ZO-1 content are identical in two strains of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells which differ in transepithelial resistance." Journal of Cell Biology 107, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 2401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.107.6.2401.

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The relationship of tight junction permeability to junction structure and composition was examined using two strains of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (I and II) which differ greater than 30-fold in transepithelial resistance. This parameter is largely determined by paracellular, and hence junctional, permeability under most conditions. When these two strains of cells were grown on permeable filter supports, they formed monolayers with equivalent linear amounts of junction/area of monolayer. Ultrastructural analysis of these monolayers by thin section EM revealed no differences in overall cellular morphology or in tight junction organization. Morphometric analysis of freeze-fractured preparations indicated that the tight junctions of these two cell strains were similar in both number and density of junctional fibrils. Prediction of transepithelial resistance for the two strains from this freeze-fracture data and a published structure-function formulation (Claude, P. 1978, J. Memb. Biol. 39:219-232) yielded values (I = 26.5 omega/cm2, II = 35.7 omega/cm2) that were significantly lower than those observed (I = 2,500-5,000 omega/cm2, II = 50-70 omega/cm2). Consistent with these structural studies, a comparison of the distribution and cellular content of ZO-1, a polypeptide localized exclusively to the tight junction, revealed no significant differences in either the localization of ZO-1 or the amount of ZO-1 per micron of junction (I = 1,415 +/- 101 molecules/micron, II = 1,514 +/- 215 molecules/micron).
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Madara, J. L., D. Barenberg, and S. Carlson. "Effects of cytochalasin D on occluding junctions of intestinal absorptive cells: further evidence that the cytoskeleton may influence paracellular permeability and junctional charge selectivity." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 2125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.6.2125.

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Intestinal absorptive cells may modulate both the structure and function of occluding junctions by a cytoskeleton dependent mechanism (Madara, J. L., 1983, J. Cell Biol., 97:125-136). To further examine the putative relationship between absorptive cell occluding junctions and the cytoskeleton, we assessed the effects of cytochalasin D (CD) on occluding junction function and structure in guinea pig ileum using ultrastructural and Ussing chamber techniques. Maximal decrements in transepithelial resistance and junctional charge selectivity were obtained with 10 micrograms/ml CD and the dose-response curves for these two functional parameters were highly similar. Analysis of simultaneous flux studies of sodium and the nonabsorbable extracellular tracer mannitol suggested that CD opened a transjunctional shunt and that this shunt could fully account for the increase in sodium permeability and thus the decrease in resistance. Structural studies including electron microscopy of detergent-extracted cytoskeletal preparations revealed that 10 micrograms/ml CD produced condensation of filamentous elements of the peri-junctional contractile ring and that this was associated with brush border contraction as assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative freeze-fracture studies revealed marked aberrations in absorptive cell occluding junction structure including diminished strand number, reduced strand-strand cross-linking, and failure of strands to impede the movement of intramembrane particles across them. In aggregate these studies show that CD-induced perturbation of the absorptive cell cytoskeleton results in production of a transepithelial shunt which is fully explained by a defect in the transjunctional pathway. Furthermore, substantial structural abnormalities in occluding junction structure accompany this response. Lastly, the abnormalities in occluding junction structure and function coincide with structural changes in and contraction of the peri-junctional actin-myosin ring. These data suggest that a functionally relevant association may exist between the cytoskeleton and the occluding junction of absorptive cells. We speculate that such an association may serve as a mechanism by which absorptive cells regulate paracellular transport.
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Ojakian, G. K., D. R. Ratcliffe, and R. Schwimmer. "Integrin regulation of cell-cell adhesion during epithelial tubule formation." Journal of Cell Science 114, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.114.5.941.

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The extracellular matrix plays an important role in regulation of epithelial development and organization. To determine more precisely the function of extracellular matrix in this process, the initial steps in collagen-mediated formation of epithelial tubules were studied using a model cell culture system. Previous studies have demonstrated that incubation of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells with a collagen gel overlay induces (beta)1 integrin-regulated epithelial remodeling accompanied by extensive cell rearrangements and formation of epithelial tubules. During epithelial remodeling there was extensive disruption of the epithelial junctional complex. Progressive opening of tight junctions was observed over 8 hours using transepithelial resistance measurements and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that tight and adherens junction proteins were dispersed throughout the apical and basolateral membranes. Junction complex disruption allowed the formation of apical cell extensions and subsequent migration of selected cell sheets from the epithelial monolayer. Confocal microscopy demonstrated the presence of adherens junction (E-cadherin, (alpha)-catenin, (beta)-catenin, plakoglobin) and desmosomal (desmoplakin-1/2, plakoglobin) proteins on, and within, cell extensions demonstrating that cell junctions had undergone considerable disassembly. However, groups of cell extensions appeared to be associated by E-cadherin/catenin-mediated interactions. Association of E-cadherin/catenin complexes with the epithelial cytoskeleton was analyzed by differential detergent extraction. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that adherens junction proteins were primarily cytoskeleton-associated in control cells. During integrin-regulated remodeling, there was a progressive reduction in the interaction of adherens junction proteins with the cytoskeleton suggesting that they play an important role in the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Since loss of transepithelial electrical resistance and disruption of junctional complexes were inhibited by an antifunctional integrin antibody, we propose that activation of integrin signaling pathways regulate junctional complex stability, cell-cell interactions and cell migration. These observations provide evidence that integrin-regulated MDCK epithelial tubule formation can serve as a model system for studying rearrangements of epithelial sheets which occur during development.
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Campos de Carvalho, A., F. Ramon, and D. C. Spray. "Effects of protein reagents on electrotonic coupling in crayfish septate axon." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 251, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): C99—C103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1986.251.1.c99.

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The lateral giant axons of the crayfish nerve cord are composed of segments contributed by each ganglion, which are electrotonically coupled by way of gap junctions. We have investigated the involvement of protein residues in regulating the resistance of crayfish junctional channels by determining effects of group-specific protein reagents. When applied to well-coupled axons, the sulfhydryl group reagents N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and diamide uncoupled the segments; junctional resistance (Rj) was increased without changing membrane resistance or axoplasmic pH (pHi). The uncoupling produced by NEM could be reversed by alkalinization of the cytoplasm (addition of ammonium chloride to the external medium). Another sulfhydryl reagent (p-chloromercuribenzoic acid) increased Rj to a lesser extent. A disulfide reagent and three amino and three carboxyl group reagents had no effect on the Rj of these axons. The effect of group-specific reagents on partially uncoupled axons was tested by applying the drugs to axons previously exposed to weak acids. N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline recoupled partially uncoupled axons by decreasing Rj and prevented subsequent uncoupling of the junction by low pHi. Another carboxyl group reagent, as well as sulfhydryl and amino group reagents, either had no effect or uncoupled the axons further by increasing Rj. These experimental results suggest that amino acid residues, possibly containing carboxyl and sulfhydryl groups, control the opening and closing of junctional channels and may thus be associated with the channels' active sites.
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White, R. L., D. C. Spray, A. C. Campos de Carvalho, B. A. Wittenberg, and M. V. Bennett. "Some electrical and pharmacological properties of gap junctions between adult ventricular myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 249, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): C447—C455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1985.249.5.c447.

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Ventricular myocytes were isolated from adult rat hearts using the technique of Wittenberg and Robinson (Cell Tissue Res. 216: 231-251, 1981). These cells exhibited morphology, input resistance, time constant, and excitability expected for cells in intact cardiac tissue. Pairs of these cells were electronically coupled, and junctional conductance was unaffected by transjunctional potential or hyperpolarization of both cells. Brief exposure of cell pairs to medium equilibrated with 100% CO2 or containing 0.1 mM octanol quickly and reversibly decreased junctional conductance. We conclude that gap junctions between pairs of ventricular myocytes possess physiological properties like those of junctions in many other tissues. This preparation will be useful in evaluating drug action on junctional communication in heart.
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Stevenson, B. R., J. M. Anderson, I. D. Braun, and M. S. Mooseker. "Phosphorylation of the tight-junction protein ZO-1 in two strains of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells which differ in transepithelial resistance." Biochemical Journal 263, no. 2 (October 15, 1989): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2630597.

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A comparison was made of the phosphate content of the tight-junction-specific protein ZO-1 in two strains of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells which differ in transepithelial resistance, a parameter reflective of tight-junctional permeability. Analysis revealed that the ZO-1 from the low-resistance strain contained approximately twice as much phosphate as that from the high-resistance strain.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Junctional resistance"

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Opp, Daniel. "Transendothelial Migration of Metastatic Cancer Under the Influence of Cigarette Smoke Condensate." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3808.

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Cigarette smoke's influence on cancer has primarily been a subject of epidemilogic and tumorigenic studies. There have been no proper investigations with interests focused on how cigarette smoke affects the cellular mechanics of metastasis. Gathering an understanding of how smoke influences metastatic invasion could be vital in regulating or possibly eliminatings cancer's ability to initiate new tumor growth sites. This project focuses on cigarette smoke's influence on cellular mechanics of endothelial cells, and the invasive potential of cancer against a fully active endothelium. It is already known that cigarette smoke has a carcinogenic effect, but it is hypothesized that the cigarette smoke causes the endothelium to exhibit pro-invasive characteristics. Cancer cells are often ignorant to extra-cellular stimuli. It is suspected that there will be a less pronounced degradation of cellular mechanics of cancerous cells than endothelial cells when exposed to similar concentrations of cigarette smoke.
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Wu, Hawellek ZhenMing. "Formation mechanism and resistance fluctuations of atomic sized junctions /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8758.

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Gokce, Aisha. "Low frequency current and resistance fluctuations in magnetic tunnel junctions." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 203 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1896928791&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Jiang, Xiuguang. "Experimental study of discrete resistance fluctuations in normal metal tunnel junctions /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487758680161861.

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Young, Elisa, and elisayoung@iprimus com au. "Endothelial dysfunction in insulin resistance: The role of EDHF and gap junction communication." RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.162249.

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Background: Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of vascular complications in insulin resistance and diabetes and recent studies have established that endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) plays an important physiological role in endothelium-derived relaxation responses, especially in small arteries and arterioles. Objective: This project aimed to identify the role of, and characterise, EDHF in animal models of insulin resistance, including the obese Zucker rat (OZR) as well as the fructose-fed (FF) Sprague-Dawley rat. Methods: Vascular function was studied in third-order mesenteric arteries from male and female Zucker rats using pressure myography, and in lobar arteries from male FF rats using wire myography. Endothelial function was determined by studying responses to the endothelium-dependent dilator acetylcholine (ACh) and the endothelium-independent dilator levcromakalim in the presence of a variety of inhibitors to study the roles of NO, EDHF and gap junctions. The effect of insulin resistance on gap junctions was further assessed by measuring the protein and mRNA expression of vascular connexins. Protein levels were determined by western blotting followed by semi-quantitative analysis of band intensity, whilst mRNA levels were quantified using real-time PCR, in which beta-actin was used as the housekeeping gene. Results: Metabolic parameter comparisons confirmed that male OZRs were type 2 diabetic, whilst female OZRs were insulin resistant. Responses to ACh were reduced in both the male and female OZRs compared with their gender controls, with the male OZR showing a greater degree of endothelial dysfunction. In all Zucker third-order mesenteric arteries, inhibition of NO had no effect; however inhibitors of EDHF abolished relaxation responses to ACh. Inhibitors of gap junctions associated with connexin 40 significantly (p less than 0.05, Student's t-test) attenuated the maximal response to ACh in the LZR, but had no effect in the OZR. Comparison of Western blot band intensity indicated that connexin 40 protein levels in mesenteric vascular homogenates in the OZR were significantly smaller (p less than 0.05, Student's t-test) than in the LZR, with no difference in connexin 43 protein levels. mRNA levels showed a significant (p less than 0.05, Student's t-test) decrease in connexin 40 expression in the OZR compar ed with the LZR, with no change in connexin 43 mRNA expression. Although FF rats did develop insulin resistance, responses to ACh were not altered in the FF rats as compared with their controls, and ACh responses were abolished by NO inhibitors. Conclusion: The findings presented in this thesis demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction is present in third-order mesenteric arteries from insulin-resistant female and type 2 diabetic male OZRs, and is associated with a defect in EDHF. However, endothelial function was not compromised in the insulin-resistant FF rats. Furthermore, the reduction in EDHF-mediated vasodilatation in the mesenteric arteries from female OZRs was associated with the functional absence of connexin 40-related gap junctions as well as a reduction in connexin 40 protein and mRNA levels. This novel finding suggests that gap junctions associated with connexin 40 may be a potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular disease.
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Salvage, Samantha. "Modulation of gap junctions and the intracellular resistance pathway in guinea-pig myocardium." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604348.

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Myocardial intracellular communication via gap junctions (GJ) is fundamental to action potential (AP) propagation facilitating ordered atrial and ventricular contraction. Cardiac arrhythmias can be initiated by increased intracellular (Ca2+), and are associated with abnormal AP conduction due to increased intracellular resistivity (RI) and, specifically, gap junction resistivity (Rj), Recent evidence suggested the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin (Cn) slowed conduction, possibly through increasing RI. This work aimed to demonstrate the role of Cn-dependent pathways in modulating RJ when intracellular [(a2+] was raised, any role of CaMkinase-1I (CaMKII) was also assessed. Rj was measured by longitudinal impedance measurements using atrial and ventricular guinea-pig preparations in control and low-Na Tyrode's solutions, with or without the Cn inhibitors cyclosporin-A (5 IlM) and calcineurin auto-inhibitory peptide (50IlM). CaMKl1 was also assessed by using its inhibitor KN-93. Western blot and immunohistochemical confocal analyses, with Cx40, total Cx43 and phospho-specific Cx43 antibodies, were performed to quantify alterations in GJ abundance, localisation and phosphorylation state. The study established that a raised intracellular {Ca 2+J increased RJ by a CnA-dependent pathway, but CaMKII had no role. In atrial tissue RJ increase was associated with a Cn-dependent increase of Cx43-S368 phosphorylation in addition to a Cn-independent increase of Cx40 abundance. By contrast, ventricular myocardium showed an overall increase of de phosphorylated Cx43 typical of increased Ri and GJ uncoupling. These novel findings identify a potential pathway for investigation and clinical manipulation in cardiac pathologies consequent on an elevated intracellular [Ca 2+].
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Buono, Benedetto. "Simulation and Characterization of Silicon Carbide Power Bipolar Junction Transistors." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Integrerade komponenter och kretsar, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95320.

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The superior characteristics of silicon carbide, compared with silicon, have suggested considering this material for the next generation of power semiconductor devices. Among the different power switches, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) can provide a very low forward voltage drop, a high current capability and a fast switching speed. However, in order to compete on the market, it is crucial to a have high current gain and a breakdown voltage close to ideal. Moreover, the absence of conductivity modulation and long-term stability has to be solved. In this thesis, these topics are investigated comparing simulations and measurements. Initially, an efficient etched JTE has been simulated and fabricated. In agreement with the simulations, the fabricated diodes exhibit the highest BV of around 4.3 kV when a two-zone JTE is implemented. Furthermore, the simulations and measurements demonstrate a good agreement between the electric field distribution inside the device and the optical luminescence measured at breakdown. Additionally, an accurate model to simulate the forward characteristics of 4H-SiC BJTs is presented. In order to validate the model, the simulated current gains are compared with measurements at different temperatures and different base-emitter geometries. Moreover, the simulations and measurements of the on-resistance are compared at different base currents and different temperatures. This comparison, coupled with a detailed analysis of the carrier concentration inside the BJT, indicates that internal forward biasing of the base-collector junction limits the BJT to operate at high current density and low forward voltage drop simultaneously. In agreement with the measurements, a design with a highly-doped extrinsic base is proposed to alleviate this problem. In addition to the static characteristics, the comparison of measured and simulated switching waveforms demonstrates that the SiC BJT can provide fast switching speed when it acts as a unipolar device. This is crucial to have low power losses during transient. Finally, the long-term stability is investigated. It is observed that the electrical stress of the base-emitter diode produces current gain degradation; however, the degradation mechanisms are still unclear. In fact, the analysis of the measured Gummel plot suggests that the reduction of the carrier lifetime in the base-emitter region might be only one of the causes of this degradation. In addition, the current gain degradation due to ionizing radiation is investigated comparing the simulations and measurements. The simulations suggest that the creation of positive charge in the passivation layer can increase the base current; this increase is also observed in the electrical measurements.
QC 20120522
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Lee, Hyung-Seok. "Fabrication and Characterization of Silicon Carbide Power Bipolar Junction Transistors." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4623.

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Giovannini, Federica. "Voltage-dependent calcium channel subtypes at the mouse neuromuscular junction : evidence for the role of a resistant component." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365445.

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El, khatib Mariam. "Implication des porines dans la genèse et le développement des biofilms de Providencia stuartii." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV012/document.

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Les biofilms, communautés multicellulaires bactériennes, sont omniprésents. Malgré leur importance pour l’écosystème, ils présentent une menace pour l'industrie autant que pour la santé humaine. La virulence des biofilms procède surtout de leur résistance élevée aux antibiotiques, qui rend leur éradication quasiment impossible. Ainsi, les biofilms sont impliqués dans la plupart des infections bactériennes chroniques, causant chaque année plus de 4000 décès en France. P. stuartii est une bactérie connue pour sa capacité à former des biofilms dans le tractus urinaire humain. Elle est responsable de 10% des INU chroniques et est décrite comme étant la plus résistante de son genre. Malgré ces faits, les études menées sur cette bactérie sont rares, freinant la compréhension du mécanisme de développement et de résistance de ses biofilms et compliquant ainsi l’avancement de nouvelles thérapies pour lutter, prévenir ou éradiquer ces infections. P. stuartii exprime au niveau de sa membrane externe deux porines, Omp-Pst1 et Omp-Pst2, qui constituent 70% du contenu protéique membranaire. Ces porines sont le conduit principal permettant à la bactérie de communiquer et d’échanger avec son milieu environnant. Ainsi, les porines sont vitales pour la bactérie.A ce jour, trois publications sont disponibles qui traitent de ces deux porines, mais aucune n’a exploré leur influence sur la formation des biofilms bactériens. Les travaux effectués au cours de ma thèse ont ainsi visé à réduire le manque de connaissance sur les biofilms de P. stuartii et à dévoiler le rôle des porines dans l’établissement et la résistance de ces biofilms. Pour cela, nous avons segmenté notre travail en quatre parties ayant pour objectifs (1) de comprendre la formation des biofilms de P. stuartii et leur réponse aux stress du milieu environnant ; (2) de décrire l’effet de la suppression ou la surexpression des porines ; (3) d’étudier à l’échelle moléculaire et atomique le comportement des porines isolées ; et (4) de développer des outils pour étudier les porines à l’échelle moléculaire au sein d’un biofilm de P. stuartii
Biofilms, bacterial multicellular communities, are ubiquitous. Despite their importance to the ecosystem, they pose a threat to both industry and human health. The virulence of biofilms is mainly due to their high resistance to antibiotics, which makes their eradication virtually impossible. Thus, biofilms are involved in most chronic bacterial infections, causing each year more than 4,000 deaths in France. P. stuartii is a bacterium known for its ability to form biofilms in the human urinary tract. It is responsible for 10% of chronic nosocomial urinary infections and is described as the most resistant of its kind. Despite these facts, studies on this bacterium are rare, hampering the understanding of the mechanism of development and resistance of its biofilms and thus complicating the advancement of new therapies to fight, prevent or eradicate these infections. P. stuartii expresses at its outer membrane two porins, Omp-Pst1 and Omp-Pst2, which constitute 70% of the membrane protein content. These porins are the main conduit allowing the bacterium to communicate and exchange with its surrounding environment. Thus, porins are vital for the bacteria.To date, three publications are available that deal with these two porins, but none have explored their influence on the formation of bacterial biofilms. The work carried out during my thesis thus aimed to reduce the lack of knowledge about P. stuartii's biofilm and to unveil the role of porins in the establishment and resistance of these biofilms. For this, we have divided our work into four parts aiming at (1) understanding of P. stuartii's biofilms formation and their response to the stresses of the surrounding environment; (2) describing the effect of suppression or overexpression of porins; (3) studying the behavior of isolated porins on a molecular and atomic scale; and (4) developing tools for studying porins on a molecular scale within a biofilm of P. stuartii
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Books on the topic "Junctional resistance"

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Mcdermott, Leeanne. GamePro Presents: Sega Genesis Games Secrets: Greatest Tips. Rocklin: Prima Publishing, 1992.

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Tom, Badgett, ed. Official Sega Genesis and Game Gear strategies, 2ND Edition. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1991.

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Sandler, Corey. Official Sega Genesis and Game Gear strategies, 3RD Edition. New York: Bantam Books, 1992.

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Fāṭimī, Naṣr Allāh Sayf'pūr, 1909-, Korényi-Both András L. 1937-, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Non-destructive, ultra-low resistance, thermally stable contacts for use on shallow junction InP solar cells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Fāṭimī, Naṣr Allāh Sayf'pūr, 1909-, Korényi-Both András L. 1937-, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Non-destructive, ultra-low resistance, thermally stable contacts for use on shallow junction InP solar cells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Fāṭimī, Naṣr Allāh Sayf'pūr, 1909-, Korényi-Both András L. 1937-, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Non-destructive, ultra-low resistance, thermally stable contacts for use on shallow junction InP solar cells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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Non-destructive, ultra-low resistance, thermally stable contacts for use on shallow junction InP solar cells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.

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S, Fatemi Navid, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A very low resistance, non-sintered contact system for use on indium phosphide concentrator/shallow junction solar cells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1991.

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Cordelia, Ontiveros, and John F. Kennedy Space Center., eds. Evaluation of candidate alloys for the construction of metal flex hoses in the STS launch environment. [Kennedy Space Center, Fla.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, 1988.

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Isaacson, Nathaniel. Orientalism, Scientific Practice, and Popular Culture in Late Qing China. Edited by Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.013.4.

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As the sequel to a translation of a translation, Xu Nianci’s “New Tales of Mr. Braggadocio” is a case study in the linguistic negotiations central to Lydia Liu’s reflections on translation. The story is marked by a double consciousness through which the narrator’s body and soul explore alternate explanations for evolution and scientific knowledge, thus engaging in many of the thematic and historical hallmarks of colonial modernity, situated at the junction of a number of intellectual realms. Thematically and linguistically, the text suggests a number of potential points of resistance to western epistemology, attempting to subsume science under the umbrella of Daoist cosmology. Especially prominent in the story is the degree to which the narrator’s resistance to Western science contrasts with his ready appropriation of the tenets of capitalist accumulation of wealth as his success in perfecting the techniques of “brain electricity” ultimately results in a global economic crisis.
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Book chapters on the topic "Junctional resistance"

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Kessler, Nicole, and Ghislaine Roche. "The Influence of Culture Conditions on the Development of Trans-Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and the Junctional Complex of MDCK Cells." In Animal Cell Technology: From Target to Market, 244–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0369-8_57.

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Ambika, G., and K. Babu Joseph. "Studies on a Josephson Junction with Nonlinear Resistance." In Symmetries and Singularity Structures, 196–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76046-4_19.

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Beenakker, C. W. J. "Why Does a Metal—Superconductor Junction Have a Resistance?" In Quantum Mesoscopic Phenomena and Mesoscopic Devices in Microelectronics, 51–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4327-1_4.

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Ramselaar, W. L. T. M., F. T. Agricola, and C. A. Seams. "The Influence of Tungsten Contact Filling on Junction Quality and Contact Resistance." In ESSDERC ’89, 653–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52314-4_136.

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Kohlmann, J., P. Gutmann, K. Löhr, T. Weimann, and J. Niemeyer. "Ratio Standard for DC Resistance Using a Second Generation of Josephson Junction Arrays." In Superconducting Devices and Their Applications, 442–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77457-7_78.

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Kim, Tae Hong, Seung Yong Lee, Jang Sub Lee, Duk Il Suh, Nam Kyu Cho, Wook Bahng, Nam Kyun Kim, Sung Yong Choi, Hak Jong Kim, and Sang Kwon Lee. "Low Resistance Cathode Metallization and Die-Bonding in Silicon Carbide P-N Junction Diodes." In Materials Science Forum, 717–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-442-1.717.

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Gotman, Irena. "Biomechanical and Tribological Aspects of Orthopaedic Implants." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 25–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_2.

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AbstractOrthopaedic and dental implant treatments have allowed to enhance the quality of life of millions of patients. Total hip/knee arthroplasty is a surgical replacement of the hip/knee joint with an artificial prosthesis. The aim of joint replacement surgery is to relieve pain improve function, often for sufferers of osteoarthritis, which affects around a third of people aged over fifty. Nowadays, total hip and knee replacement (THR) surgeries are considered routine procedures with generally excellent outcomes. Given the increasing life expectancy of the world population, however, many patients will require revision or removal of the artificial joint during their lifetime. The most common cause of failure of hip and knee replacements is mechanical instability secondary to wear of the articulating components. Thus, tribological and biomechanical aspects of joint arthroplasty are of specific interest in addressing the needs of younger, more active patients. The most significant improvements in the longevity of artificial joints have been achieved through the introduction of more wear resistant bearing surfaces. These innovations, however, brought about new tribocorrosion phenomena, such as fretting corrosion at the modular junctions of hip implants. Stiffness mismatch between the prosthesis components, non-physiological stress transfer and uneven implant-bone stress distribution are all involved in premature failure of hip arthroplasty. The development of more durable hip and knee prostheses requires a comprehensive understanding of biomechanics and tribocorrosion of implant materials. Some of these insights can also be applied to the design and development of dental implants.
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Yamaguchi, Masafumi. "High-Efficiency GaAs-Based Solar Cells." In Indium [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94365.

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The III-V compound solar cells represented by GaAs solar cells have contributed as space and concentrator solar cells and are important as sub-cells for multi-junction solar cells. This chapter reviews progress in III-V compound single-junction solar cells such as GaAs, InP, AlGaAs and InGaP cells. Especially, GaAs solar cells have shown 29.1% under 1-sun, highest ever reported for single-junction solar cells. In addition, analytical results for non-radiative recombination and resistance losses in III-V compound solar cells are shown by considering fundamentals for major losses in III-V compound materials and solar cells. Because the limiting efficiency of single-junction solar cells is 30-32%, multi-junction junction solar cells have been developed and InGaP/GaAs based 3-junction solar cells are widely used in space. Recently, highest efficiencies of 39.1% under 1-sun and 47.2% under concentration have been demonstrated with 6-junction solar cells. This chapter also reviews progress in III-V compound multi-junction solar cells and key issues for realizing high-efficiency multi-junction cells.
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Yew, Belinda, Anna Blanken, and Daniel A. Nation. "Arterial Stiffening and Cerebrovascular Resistance in Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease." In Vascular Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment, 274–301. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634230.003.0013.

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The impact of vascular factors on cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been increasingly recognized. AD and vascular cognitive impairment exhibit significant overlap, individuals with vascular risk factors experience elevated risk for AD, and vascular mechanisms have been implicated in the genetic and pathological processes underlying development of AD. Arterial stiffening and cerebrovascular resistance have been identified as potential junctions through which vascular dysfunction promotes AD pathogenesis and cognitive decline. This chapter outlines the pathophysiology of arterial stiffening and cerebrovascular resistance, beginning in the aorta and small vessels of the brain, respectively. As these processes proliferate, cerebral circulation is disrupted, compromising capacity to meet neuronal metabolic needs and culminating in cognitive declines. An overview is provided of in vivo markers for arterial stiffening and cerebrovascular resistance, including methods employing pulse wave velocity, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, and arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Relevant research developments and their implications for conceptualization of vascular contributions to cognitive decline are discussed.
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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Vascular Biology, Thromboresistance, and Inflammation." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0006.

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The delivery of vital substrate to metabolically active tissues and vital organs is achieved and maintained by the cardiovascular system including the heart, macrovasculature, and microvasculature. This life-sustaining process requires a normally functioning vascular endothelium—a multifunctional organ system composed of physiologically responsive cells responsible for vasomotion (vascular tone), thromboresistance, and inflammoresistance. Simply by virtue of its anatomic location, the vascular endothelium is functionally complex. It defines the intra- and extravascular components, serves as a selectively permeable barrier, and provides a continuous lining to the cardiovascular system. The location of the vascular endothelium is vital to its biologic interactions with cells found within the circulation and to the vessel wall itself. The surface activity is augmented in the microcirculation, also known as the resistance bed, where the ratio of endothelial surface to circulating blood is maximal. In most vertebrates, vascular endothelial cells form a single layer of squamous lining cells (0.1–0.5 μm in thickness) joined by intercellular junctions. The cells themselves are polygonal (varying between 10 and 50 μm) and are positioned in the long axis of the vessel, orienting the cellular longitudinal dimension in the direction of blood flow. The endothelial cell has three surfaces: luminal (nonthrombogenic), subluminal (adhesive), and cohesive. The luminal surface is devoid of electron-dense connective tissue. It does, however, possess an exterior coat (or glycocalyx), consisting primarily of starches and proteins secreted by the endothelial cells. Plasma proteins, including lipoprotein lipase, α2-macroglobulin, heparin cofactor II, antithrombin, and albumin, as well as small amounts of fibrinogen and fibrin are adsorbed to the luminal surface. The surface membrane itself adds significantly to thromboresistance by carrying a negative charge that repels similarly charged circulating blood cells. The subluminal (or abluminal) surface adheres to subendothelial connective tissues. Small processes penetrate through a series of internal layers to form myoendothelial junctions with subjacent smooth muscle cells. The cohesive component of the vascular endothelium connects individual endothelial cells to one another by cell junctions of two basic types: occluding (tight) junctions and communicating (gap) junctions. Occluding junctions represent a physical link between adjacent cells, sealing the intercellular space.
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Conference papers on the topic "Junctional resistance"

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Park, Jungkyu, and Vikas Prakash. "Thermal Transport at Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Junction." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66645.

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We present results of a molecular dynamics study to analyze thermal transport at carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphene junctions comprising of single layer graphene and (6,6) armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Two possible junction types with different degrees of sp2 and sp3 hybridization are investigated. Reverse Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (RNEMD) simulations are used to obtain the thermal conductivities in these hybrid structures and also analyze the role of the interfacial thermal resistance at the SWCNT-graphene junctions in limiting thermal transport. The highest out-of-plane (along the SWCNT axis) thermal conductivity of a hybrid structure with a CNT-graphene junction was obtained to be 158.9±1.2 W/m-K when the junction comprised of only sp2 bonds with an interpillar distance of 15 nm and a pillar height of 200 nm. The highest in-plane thermal conductivity (along the graphene layer plane) with two CNT-graphene junctions was found to be 392.2±9.9 W/m-K with junctions comprising of only sp2 bonds and an interpillar distance of 20 nm and a pillar height of 25 nm. In all cases, junctions with mixed sp2/sp3 hybridization showed higher interfacial thermal resistance than junctions with pure sp2 bonds, and the thermal interfacial resistance was found to be weakly dependent on the length of CNT and the interpillar distance. The highest interfacial thermal resistance measured across the CNT-graphene junction was 3.10×10−6 K-cm2/W when the junction comprised of mixed sp2/sp3 bonds and with 15 nm interpillar distance and 50 nm pillar height.
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Ando, Toshitake, Toshihiko Shakouchi, Yoshitaka Suzuki, and Koichi Tsujimoto. "Effects of Reynolds Number on Drag Reduction in T-Junction Pipes due to Small Obstacles." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2011 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajk2011-13009.

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T-junction pipes are used to distribute one flow into two flows or join two flows into one flow. Separated vortex flow regions near the corners of junctions are caused in these types of flows. They reduce the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe flows and then create large flow resistance or drag. The corners of junctions are generally rounded to avoid flow separation and reduce flow resistance. We tried to reduce the flow resistance of counter-flow T-junction pipes in which two flows in the opposite direction entered the junction, mixed, and then vertically flowed out together by using a simple method. We mounted two small weir-shaped obstacles on the walls of the two upstream pipes by the side around the junction corners, which is a new way we propose of controlling flow separation. The pressure distribution along the pipes was measured and the drag of the T-junction pipe was estimated. Additionally, the effects of the Reynolds number on the flow resistance and its rate of reduction by mounting small obstacles were clarified. The two major results we obtained were: (1) the flow resistance of T-junctions could be reduced by about a maximum of 30% by mounting small obstacles at heights of 0.30 D and 0.47 D (D: pipe diameter) from the upstream of the corner. We also found (2) the rate of reduction in flow resistance increased with decreasing Reynolds numbers between 5–10 × 104, but this decreased rapidly between 2.5–5 × 104.
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Nam, Sung-Ki, Su-Heon Jeong, and Sun-Kyu Lee. "Nano-Watt Heat Flux Sensor Considering Contact Resistance at Thermopile Junctions." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65040.

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This paper presents design and fabrication procedures for nano-Watt resolution of heat flux sensor. To enhance the resolution, a contact resistance of thermopile is especially focused. CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor-compatible) process was used for deposition of gold and chromium which are composed of thermopile. The most important part of thermopile is the contact region of the junctions which generate electrical noises as well as thermoelectric power. The effect of contact conditions at junction point was investigated. The fabricated sensor has 100 thermocouples connected in series and its active junction is on the membrane which directly affects the sensitivity. Developed sensor system provides 0.0629V/nW of sensitivity and 1nW of high resolution.
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Shi, Jingjing, Yalin Dong, Timothy Fisher, and Xiulin Ruan. "A Network Model for the Thermal Conductivity of Pillared-Graphene Architectures." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40170.

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Carbon nanotubes and graphene are promising for thermal management applications due to their high thermal conductivities. However, their thermal properties are anisotropic and the radial or out-of-plane thermal conductivity is low. A graphene-CNT 3D structure has previously been proposed to overcome such limitation, and direct molecular dynamics simulations have been used to predict its thermal conductivity. In this work, by recognizing that the thermal resistance comes primarily from CNT-graphene junctions, we have proposed a simple network model of thermal transport in pillared graphene structures. Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, the resistance across an individual CNT-graphene junction is found to be around 6 × 10−11 m2 K/W, which is significantly lower than the typical values reported in literature for planar interfaces between dissimilar materials. The size-dependence of the CNT-graphene junction resistance is also explored in our work. The CNT pillar length between two graphene sheets is found to be an important parameter affecting the junction resistance, which decreases as the pillar length decreases. We explain this behavior by calculating the local phonon density of states near the junction. The junction resistance is then used in the network model to obtain the thermal conductivity, and the results agree well with the direct MD simulation data, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model.
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Khandrymailov, Andrii, Leonid Moroz, Viktor Yevlakhov, Shanel Staple, and Gregory Vogel. "An Approach to Model a Lossless Junction for Fluid Network Calculations in Turbomachinery." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16079.

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Abstract Turbine secondary flow system calculations are usually performed by utilizing the thermal-fluid network approach. The network consists of branches and nodes. Fluid branches usually describe the flow resistance of the correspondent fluid path section, while fluid nodes are used to connect fluid branches between each other. Fluid flow in branches and nodes is described by the set of conservation equations such as mass and momentum equations. For fluid nodes, usually total or static pressure is used as a variable in these equations. However, such an approach may yield a system of equations that cannot be solved (for theoretical cases where zero resistance branches are present) or may produce significant differences in results compared to the more precise CFD solution (for real cases with resistances). This paper provides an approach on how to create a model of a fluid lossless junction in order to solve the mentioned problems. Such a junction enables the connection of any number of inflow and outflow fluid branches without bringing any flow resistance, which allows fluid branches to handle flow resistance influence by themselves. The proposed model is based on the idea, that each node should contain not just one pressure (static or total) as a variable, but two variables — both static and total pressures. Such a node can be used to model junctions of different types with flow mixing, as well as separation and sudden cross-sectional area changes. With this approach it is also possible to model chambers by modifying just one equation. Also, this new method can be applied for both compressible and incompressible calculation types and can handle chocked flows as well.
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Tsunekawa, K., M. Nagai, H. Maehara, S. Yamagata, D. D. Djayaprawira, N. Watanabe, S. Yuasa, Y. Suzuki, and K. Ando. "CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions with high TMR ratio and low junction resistance." In INTERMAG Asia 2005: Digest of the IEEE International Magnetics Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intmag.2005.1464041.

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Ok, I., W. Y. Loh, K.-W. Ang, C. D. Young, P. Y. Hung, T. Ngai, K. Akarvardar, C. Hobbs, and R. Jammy. "Parasitic resistance reduction technology." In 2011 11th International Workshop on Junction Technology (IWJT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwjt.2011.5969998.

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Zhang, Xing, and Jianli Wang. "3-Omega-T-Type Method for Measuring the Thermophysical Properties of Micro/Nanowires." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58018.

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A novel 3ω-T type probe method is developed to investigate the thermal effusivity of micro/nanowires. In this method, a short hot wire subjected to an alternating current serves simultaneously as a heater and a thermometer, and a test wire is attached to the midpoint of the hot wire with an interstitial material. A measurement system based on a virtual lock-in is developed to measure the thermal impedance of the interposer and the thermal effusivity of the test wire. The same value of thermal effusivity is obtained with the presence of different interposers, and the interposer with small thermal impedance gives a decrease of the temperature oscillation of the hot wire. Using this method, the thermal resistances of bare metallic junctions are measured as a function of temperature. For the junction established by two crossed platinum wires with small diameters, the thermal contact resistance is found to decrease as temperature increases, which can possibly be explained the plastic deformation of the microscopic contacts.
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Wheeldon, Jeffrey F., Christopher E. Valdivia, Alex Walker, Gitanja Kolhatkar, Denis Masson, Bruno Riel, Simon Fafard, et al. "GaAs, AlGaAs and InGaP Tunnel Junctions for Multi-Junction Solar Cells Under Concentration: Resistance Study." In 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: CPV-6. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3509213.

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Kim, S. D., J. Yuan, and J. C. S. Woo. "Source/drain resistance modeling in bulk and ultra-thin body SOI MOSFETs." In kshop on Junction Technology. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwjt.2005.203894.

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