Relevant bibliographies by topics / Junctions

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Junctions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Junctions"

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Gopalakrishnan, Shobha, Kenneth W. Dunn, and James A. Marrs. "Rac1, but not RhoA, signaling protects epithelial adherens junction assembly during ATP depletion." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 283, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): C261—C272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00604.2001.

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Rho family GTPase signaling regulates actin cytoskeleton and junctional complex assembly. Our previous work showed that RhoA signaling protects tight junctions from damage during ATP depletion. Here, we examined whether RhoA GTPase signaling protects adherens junction assembly during ATP depletion. Despite specific RhoA signaling- and ATP depletion-induced effects on adherens junction assembly, RhoA signaling did not alter adherens junction disassembly rates during ATP depletion. This shows that RhoA signaling specifically protects tight junctions from damage during ATP depletion. Rac1 GTPase signaling also regulates adherens junction assembly and therefore may regulate adherens junction assembly during ATP depletion. Indeed, we found that Rac1 signaling protects adherens junctions from damage during ATP depletion. Adherens junctions are regulated by various GTPases, including RhoA and Rac1, but adherens junctions are specifically protected by Rac1 signaling.
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Bednarczyk, Joanna, and Katarzyna Lukasiuk. "Tight junctions in neurological diseases." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 71, no. 4 (December 31, 2011): 393–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2011-1861.

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Tight junction, one of the type of cell-cell junctions, controls the paracellular permeability across the lateral intercellular space and maintains the cell polarity. Tight junctions consist of transmembrane proteins: members of tight junction-associated MARVEL protein (TAMP) family, claudins and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs), and various cytoplasmic proteins that are necessary for the correct organization of the integral membrane components of the junction. Alterations in expression or localization of proteins of tight junctions have been described in several neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. In this review, we summarize the most recent data on components of tight junctions and focus on the implication of tight junction dysfunction in neurological diseases.
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Ngok, Siu P., Rory Geyer, Miaoliang Liu, Antonis Kourtidis, Sudesh Agrawal, Chuanshen Wu, Himabindu Reddy Seerapu, et al. "VEGF and Angiopoietin-1 exert opposing effects on cell junctions by regulating the Rho GEF Syx." Journal of Cell Biology 199, no. 7 (December 17, 2012): 1103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201207009.

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ang1 (Angiopoietin-1) have opposing effects on vascular permeability, but the molecular basis of these effects is not fully known. We report in this paper that VEGF and Ang1 regulate endothelial cell (EC) junctions by determining the localization of the RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor Syx. Syx was recruited to junctions by members of the Crumbs polarity complex and promoted junction integrity by activating Diaphanous. VEGF caused translocation of Syx from cell junctions, promoting junction disassembly, whereas Ang1 maintained Syx at the junctions, inducing junction stabilization. The VEGF-induced translocation of Syx from EC junctions was caused by PKD1 (protein kinase D1)-mediated phosphorylation of Syx at Ser806, which reduced Syx association to its junctional anchors. In support of the pivotal role of Syx in regulating EC junctions, syx−/− mice had defective junctions, resulting in vascular leakiness, edema, and impaired heart function.
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Lo, W. K., and T. S. Reese. "Multiple structural types of gap junctions in mouse lens." Journal of Cell Science 106, no. 1 (September 1, 1993): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.106.1.227.

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Gap junctions in the epithelium and superficial fiber cells from young mice were examined in lenses prepared by rapid-freezing, and processed for freeze-substitution and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. There appeared to be three structural types of gap junction: one type between epithelial cells and two types between fiber cells. Epithelial gap junctions seen by freeze-substitution were approximately 20 nm thick and consistently associated with layers of dense material lying along both cytoplasmic surfaces. Fiber gap junctions, in contrast, were 15–16 nm (type 1) or 17–18 nm thick (type 2), and had little associated cytoplasmic material. Type 1 fiber gap junctions were extensive in flat expanses of cell membrane and had a thin, discontinuous central lamina, whereas type 2 fiber gap junctions were associated with the ball-and-socket domains and exhibited a dense, continuous central lamina. Both types of fiber gap junction had a diffuse arrangement of junctional intramembrane particles, whereas particles and pits of epithelial gap junctions were in a tight, hexagonal configuration. The type 2 fiber gap junctions, however, had a larger particle size (approximately 9 nm) than the type 1 (approximately 7.5 nm). In addition, a large number of junctional particles typified the E-faces of both fiber types but not the epithelial type of gap junction. Gap junctions between fiber and epithelial cells had structural features of type 1 fiber gap junctions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Kim, Joanna, and John A. Cooper. "Septins regulate junctional integrity of endothelial monolayers." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 14 (July 15, 2018): 1693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0136.

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Junctional integrity of endothelial monolayers is crucial to control movement of molecules and cells across the endothelium. Examining the structure and dynamics of cell junctions in endothelial monolayers, we discovered a role for septins. Contacts between adjacent endothelial cells were dynamic, with protrusions extending above or below neighboring cells. Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) was present at cell junctions, with a membrane-associated layer of F-actin. Septins localized at cell-junction membranes, in patterns distinct from VE-cadherin and F-actin. Septins assumed curved and scallop-shaped patterns at junctions, especially in regions of positive membrane curvature associated with actin-rich membrane protrusions. Depletion of septins led to disrupted morphology of VE-cadherin junctions and increased expression of VE-cadherin. In videos, septin-depleted cells displayed remodeling at cell junctions; regions with VE-cadherin were broader, and areas with membrane ruffling were wider. Septin depletion and junction disruption led to functional loss of junctional integrity, revealed by decreased transendothelial electric resistance and increased transmigration of immune cells. We conclude that septins, as cytoskeletal elements associated with the plasma membrane, are important for cell junctions and junctional integrity of endothelial monolayers, functioning at regions of positive curvature in support of actin-rich protrusions to promote cadherin-based cell junctions.
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Tornavaca, Olga, Minghao Chia, Neil Dufton, Lourdes Osuna Almagro, Daniel E. Conway, Anna M. Randi, Martin A. Schwartz, Karl Matter, and Maria S. Balda. "ZO-1 controls endothelial adherens junctions, cell–cell tension, angiogenesis, and barrier formation." Journal of Cell Biology 208, no. 6 (March 9, 2015): 821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201404140.

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Intercellular junctions are crucial for mechanotransduction, but whether tight junctions contribute to the regulation of cell–cell tension and adherens junctions is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the tight junction protein ZO-1 regulates tension acting on VE-cadherin–based adherens junctions, cell migration, and barrier formation of primary endothelial cells, as well as angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. ZO-1 depletion led to tight junction disruption, redistribution of active myosin II from junctions to stress fibers, reduced tension on VE-cadherin and loss of junctional mechanotransducers such as vinculin and PAK2, and induced vinculin dissociation from the α-catenin–VE-cadherin complex. Claudin-5 depletion only mimicked ZO-1 effects on barrier formation, whereas the effects on mechanotransducers were rescued by inhibition of ROCK and phenocopied by JAM-A, JACOP, or p114RhoGEF down-regulation. ZO-1 was required for junctional recruitment of JACOP, which, in turn, recruited p114RhoGEF. ZO-1 is thus a central regulator of VE-cadherin–dependent endothelial junctions that orchestrates the spatial actomyosin organization, tuning cell–cell tension, migration, angiogenesis, and barrier formation.
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Chalmers, Andrew D., and Paul Whitley. "Continuous endocytic recycling of tight junction proteins: how and why?" Essays in Biochemistry 53 (August 28, 2012): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0530041.

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Tight junctions consist of many proteins, including transmembrane and associated cytoplasmic proteins, which act to provide a barrier regulating transport across epithelial and endothelial tissues. These junctions are dynamic structures that are able to maintain barrier function during tissue remodelling and rapidly alter it in response to extracellular signals. Individual components of tight junctions also show dynamic behaviour, including migration within the junction and exchange in and out of the junctions. In addition, it is becoming clear that some tight junction proteins undergo continuous endocytosis and recycling back to the plasma membrane. Regulation of endocytic trafficking of junctional proteins may provide a way of rapidly remodelling junctions and will be the focus of this chapter.
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Spray, D. C., R. L. White, F. Mazet, and M. V. Bennett. "Regulation of gap junctional conductance." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 248, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): H753—H764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.248.6.h753.

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Gap junctional conductance is regulated by the number of channels between coupled cells (the balance between formation and loss of these channels) and by the fraction of these channels that are open (gating mechanisms). A variety of treatments are known to affect junction formation. Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is involved in some cases, and protein synthesis may be required but precursor molecules can also exist. Junction removal occurs both by dispersion of particles and by internalization of junctional membrane. Factors promoting removal are not well understood. A variety of gating mechanisms exist. Coupling may be controlled by changes in conductance of nonjunctional membranes. Several kinds of voltage dependence of junctional conductance are known, but rat ventricular junctions at least are electrically linear. Cytoplasmic acidification decreases conductance of most gap junctions. Sensitivity in rat ventricular myocytes allows modulation of coupling by moderate changes near normal internal pH. Increasing intracellular Ca also decreases junctional conductance, but in the better studied cases sensitivity is much lower to Ca than H. A few data support low sensitivity to Ca in cardiac cells, but quantitative studies are lacking. Higher alcohols such as octanol block junctional conductance in a wide range of tissues including rat ventricular myocytes. An antibody to liver gap junctions blocks junctions between rat ventricular myocytes. Cross reactivity indicates at least partial homology between many gap junctions. Although differences among gap junctions are known, a general physiology is being developed, which may have considerable relevance to normal cardiac function and also to conduction disorders of that tissue.
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Menco, B. P. "Tight-junctional strands first appear in regions where three cells meet in differentiating olfactory epithelium: a freeze-fracture study." Journal of Cell Science 89, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.89.4.495.

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Tight junctions of the olfactory epithelium of rat embryos were studied at the 14th day of gestation and during their subsequent development. Two different epithelial morphologies could be distinguished at the 14th gestational day. In one group of embryos the epithelial surface appeared undifferentiated, with tight-junctional strands found exclusively in regions where three cells met. The main orientation of these strands is in a direction parallel to the longitudinal orientation of the epithelial cells. These junctions resemble tight junctions that interconnect three cells, i.e. tricellular tight junctions, in that respect. However, unlike these the junctions mainly have single strands of particles, whereas tricellular junctions usually consist of paired strands of particles. Tight-junctional strands were completely absent in areas where two cells met. These areas, i.e. those of incipient bicellular tight junctions, had gap-junction-like aggregates of intramembranous particles. Another group of 14-day-old embryos displayed a differentiating olfactory epithelial surface with bicellular as well as tricellular tight-junctional strands. The latter ones were paired. Here too the tight-junctional belts displayed some gap-junction-like aggregates of particles, but there were considerably fewer of these than earlier. As one or the other tight-junctional appearance was always seen in a single freeze-fracture replica, it is reasonable to assume that the two tight-junctional appearances reflect a sequential pattern of differentiation peculiar to the whole surface of the olfactory epithelium, i.e. to surfaces of receptor cells as well as to surfaces of supporting cells. It would appear that, at the onset of olfactory epithelial differentiation, tight junctions first interconnect cells in regions where three cells meet and that tricellular strand formation precedes the formation of bicellular strands. When strands were present at the 14th day of embryonic development, their numbers were lower than those found later. However, strand packing, expressed as the density per micrometre of strands parallel to the epithelial surface, increased beginning at the 16th day of embryonic development.
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Sluka, P., L. O’Donnell, J. R. Bartles, and P. G. Stanton. "FSH regulates the formation of adherens junctions and ectoplasmic specialisations between rat Sertoli cells in vitro and in vivo." Journal of Endocrinology 189, no. 2 (May 2006): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06634.

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Spermatogenesis is dependent on the ability of Sertoli cells to form mature junctions that maintain a unique environment within the seminiferous epithelium. Adjacent Sertoli cells form a junctional complex that includes classical adherens junctions and testis-specific ectoplasmic specialisations (ES). The regulation of inter-Sertoli cell junctions by the two main endocrine regulators of spermatogenesis, FSH and testosterone, is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FSH and testosterone on inter-Sertoli cell adherens junctions (as determined by immunolocalisation of cadherin, catenin and actin) and ES junctions (as determined by immunolocalisation of espin, actin and vinculin) in cultured immature Sertoli cells and GnRH-immunised adult rat testes given FSH or testosterone replacement in vivo. When hormones were absent in vitro, adherens junctions formed as discrete puncta between interdigitating, finger-like projections of Sertoli cells, but ES junctions were not present. The adherens junction puncta included actin filaments that were oriented perpendicularly to the Sertoli cell plasma membrane, but were not associated with the intermediate filament protein vimentin. When FSH was added in vitro, ES junctions formed, and adjacent adherens junction puncta fused into extensive adherens junction belts. After hormone suppression in vivo, ES junctions were absent, while FSH replacement restored ES junctions, as confirmed by electron microscopy and confocal analysis of ES-associated proteins. Testosterone alone did not affect adherens junctions or ES in vitro or in vivo. We conclude that FSH can regulate the formation of ES junctions and stimulate the organisation and orientation of extensive adherens junctions in Sertoli cells.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Junctions"

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Kolhatkar, Gitanjali. "Characterisation of high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells and tunnel junctions." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28939.

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Tunnel junctions for use in solar cells and monolithic multi junction solar cells are studied experimentally. The current density-voltage characteristic of an AlGaAs/AlGaAs tunnel junction having a mesa resistance of 0.11 mO·cm2 is determined using time-averaged measurements. A tunneling peak higher than the operating point of a solar cell is recorded by this method, with a value of ∼950 A/cm2. Due to the unstable nature of the negative differential resistance region of the current density-voltage curve, measurements of the tunneling peak and valley current densities are obscured. A time-dependent analysis is performed on this sample, from which a tunneling peak of a value larger than 1100 A/cm 2 is determined. An A1GaAs/InGaP tunnel junction having a tunneling peak of 80 A/cm2 is presented. Multi junction solar cells fabricated using indium tin-oxide as transparent top electrodes are measured. These cells have a maximal efficiency of 25.1% at 3 suns illumination and 26.1% at 20 suns, ∼40% lower efficiency than the standard multi junction solar cell.
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Bauer, Andreas. "Spontaneous magnetic flux induced by ferromagnetic p-junctions [pi-junctions]." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974358290.

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Ewington, J. "Organic rectifying junctions." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438886.

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Wong, Pak Kin. "Magnetic tunnel junctions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624388.

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Akkerman, Hylke Broer. "Large-area molecular junctions." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.

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Pal, Avradeep. "Spin filter tunnel junctions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708243.

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Wagner, Susanne. "Andreevstates in Josephson junctions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-288567.

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Hassan, Hanaa S. "Electrodynamics of fluxon and semifluxon in 2D T-shaped Josephson Nano-Junctions." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8278.

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Dynamic properties of Josephson junctions are interesting due to the emission of high frequency radiation (up to THz range) from Josephson junctions, closely related to fluxon dynamics. A better understanding of this dynamics can help to improve the Josephson devices used for applications. Josephson junctions can also be of great use as T-shaped multiple Josephson junctions in Josephson electronic circuits. In general, T-junctions consist of two attached Josephson transmission lines: a main Josephson transmission line (MJTL) along the -axis, and an additional Josephson transmission line (AJTL) along the -axis. These junctions can use to create fluxons (solitons) in junctions without applied magnetic field, (called flux cloning phenomenon). This work is devoted to contributing to a clarification of the dynamic behaviour of solitons (fluxons) in 2D extended conventional T-shaped Josephson junctions (extended means an AJTL is larger than MJTL). A conventional T-junction is a MJTL along the x-axis which divides into two Josephson transmission lines along the x- and y-axes. In addition, we also attempt to elucidate further the concept of flux cloning in rotated T-junctions, which are 90 degrees anticlockwise rotation of conventional T-junction. In rotated Tjunction, a MJTL along the x-axis divide into two Josephson transmission lines along the y-axis. We find the first evidence of moving semifluxon and observe for the first time new phenomena of semifluxons and anti-semifluxons in both extended conventional and rotated T-junctions. We numerically study the electrodynamics behaviour of solitons in the standard Tshaped Josephson junction (conventional T-junction) in a magnetic field. Therefore, we describe theoretically how flux cloning circuits exist and give an opportunity for use as flux flow oscillators operating without applied magnetic field. The results that emerge give further support to the flux cloning mechanism.
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Malec, Christopher Evan. "Transport in graphene tunnel junctions." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41140.

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It has been predicted that gold, aluminum, and copper do not fundamentally change the graphene band structure when they are in close proximity to graphene, but merely increase the doping. My data confirms this prediction, as well as explores other consequences of the metal/graphene interface. First, I present a technique to fabricate thin oxide barriers between graphene and aluminum and copper to create tunnel junctions and directly probe graphene in close proximity to a metal. I map the differential conductance of the junctions versus tunnel probe and back gate voltage, and observe mesoscopic fluctuations in the conductance that are directly related to the graphene density of states. I develop a simple theory of tunneling into graphene to extract experimental numbers, such as the doping level of the graphene, and take into account the electrostatic gating of graphene by the tunneling probe. Next, results of measurements in magnetic fields will also be discussed, including evidence for incompressible states in the Quantum Hall regime wherein an electron is forced to tunnel between a localized state and an extended state that is connected to the lead. The physics of this system is similar to that encountered in Single Electron Transistors, and some work in this area will be reviewed. Finally, another possible method of understanding the interface between a metal and graphene through transport is presented. By depositing disconnected gold islands on graphene, I am able to measure resonances in the bias dependent differential resistance, that I connect to interactions between the graphene and gold islands.
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Huffelen, Wim Michel van. "Mesoscopic silicon-coupled superconducting junctions." [S.l. : Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen [Host], 1992. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/136234755.

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Books on the topic "Junctions"

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Mandishona, Daniel. Junctions. Harare: Weaver Press, 2018.

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González-Mariscal, Lorenza, ed. Tight Junctions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97204-2.

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Gonzalez-Mariscal, Lorenza. Tight Junctions. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36673-3.

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Marcelino, Cereijido, ed. Tight junctions. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.

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Marcelino, Cereijido, and Anderson James 1908-, eds. Tight junctions. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001.

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E, Hall J., Zampighi G, and Davis R. M, eds. Gap junctions. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1993.

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L, Hertzberg Elliot, ed. Gap junctions. Stamford, Conn: Jai Press, 2000.

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Bennett, Michael V. L. 1931-, Spray David C, and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, eds. Gap junctions. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1985.

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Contreras, Julio Rodriquez. Ferroelectric tunnel junctions. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Festkörperforschung, 2004.

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Schäpers, Thomas. Superconductor/Semiconductor Junctions. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45525-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Junctions"

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Ohta, Hiromichi. "Junctions." In Handbook of Transparent Conductors, 489–505. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1638-9_14.

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Anderson, James Melvin, and Christina M. Van Itallie. "Tight Junction Channels." In Tight Junctions, 33–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36673-3_3.

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Roy, Sunipa, Chandan Kumar Ghosh, Sayan Dey, and Abhijit Kumar Pal. "Metal Semiconductor Contacts Schottky Diodes." In Solid State & Microelectronics Technology, 91–121. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079876123010004.

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Metal-Semiconductor-Junction is also called heterojunction since the material on each side of the junction is not identical. The normal pn junction diode concept can also be applied here. There are two probable types of metal.semiconductor junctions: Schottky junction and ohmic junction. When the work.function of metal is greater than the work-function of a semiconductor, then this is called Schottky junction. Ohmic junctions are the junctions in which the work function of the metal is less than the work function of a semiconductor. Their band engineering discussed in detail the essentials of junction physics.
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Mitchell, T. F. "Junctions." In Pronouncing Arabic I, 90–101. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198151517.003.0006.

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Abstract Another important category of morphological junctions entailing assimilation, this time progressive for the most part and notably less frequent than the article, involves the infixed -t- of derived form VIII of the verb. Assimilations of this type are more widespread in the vernacular language, in which other derived forms are also concerned, but these need not detain us. The following implications of -Ct- junction appertain to Classical Arabic.
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Hertzberg, Elliot L., Bruce R. Stevenson, Kathleen J. Green,, and Shoichiro Tsukita. "Isolation of intercellular junctions." In Cell-Cell Interactions, 111–42. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199633197.003.0006.

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Abstract Early electron microscopic studies revealed the existence of a number of distinct types of intercellular junctions. Specific physiological properties of a cell or tissue could often be correlated with the presence of a particular type of junction, suggesting very different functions for each type. Some types of cell contacts, the desmosomes and adherens junctions, appeared to tether different elements of the cell’s cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane while forming adhesion points between cells. Others were proposed to provide a barrier to paracellular diffusion of solutes (tight junctions) or facilitate intercellular communication (gap junctions). Roles were hypothesized for these junctions in tissue modelling, and in regulation of cell function and cell proliferation.
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Bazzoni, Gianfranco, Maria G. Lampugnani, and Ofelia M. Martinez-Estrada. "Analysis of intercellular adhesion molecules in endothelial cells." In Cell–Cell Interactions, 37–46. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199638642.003.0002.

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Abstract Intercellular adhesion between endothelial cells (ECs) is mediated by members of the cadherin, immunoglobulin, integrin, and proteoglycan families of cell adhesion molecules. Some of these molecules are concentrated at intercellular structures known as adherens junctions and tight junctions. Other molecules, such as platelet–endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), are localized at cell–cell contacts, but outside of the junctional complexes. Although the morphological and molecular organization of these complexes are similar in ECs and in other cell types, some components are more specific for the endothelium. For instance, vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) is expressed exclusively in ECs at the adherens junctions, while claudin-5 and the alpha minus isoform of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), two tight junction components, are expressed preferentially in the endothelium (1, 2). By interacting (either homophilically or heterophilically) with their receptors, junctional adhesive molecules provide physical links that hold ECs together and regulate the paracellular passage of ions, solutes, and transmigrating leukocytes. Also, by interacting with intracellular partners, the adhesive receptors may strengthen their own linkage with the cytoskeleton. Finally, besides providing attachment for neighbouring cells and the cytoskeleton, junctional molecules may also impinge upon cell signalling and trigger responses that are translated into changes in cell morphology and eventually in the organization of three-dimensional networks of patent tubes (3).
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BUBE, RICHARD H. "Junctions." In Electrons in Solids, 203–29. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-138552-1.50015-8.

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BUBE, RICHARD H. "Junctions." In Electrons in Solids, 214–41. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-050538-1.50016-8.

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"Junctions." In Field Effect Transistors, A Comprehensive Overview, 119–230. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119155850.ch2.

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"Junctions." In Introduction to Semiconductor Devices, 38–77. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139171373.006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Junctions"

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Kapon, Eli, and R. N. Thurston. "Multimode branching waveguides for guided-wave optics." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.mb4.

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Waveguide junctions are important for performing splitting and recombining of optical signals for guided-wave optics applications.1 We describe a new class of multichannel waveguide junction which is useful for a variety of guided-wave manipulations. These junctions consist of an m-mode channel waveguide that branches into m single-mode channels, each having a different refractive-index profile. It is shown that each mode of these junctions becomes localized in a different single-mode channel as the channel separation increases. Thus, for sufficiently small branching angles, the junctions can route each mode of the multimode waveguide into a different output channel. When the junctions are excited from their single-mode channels end, they can serve to excite selectively each mode of the multimode waveguide. Furthermore, when both the width and refractive index of the single-mode channels are properly varied across the junction, the mode localization scheme becomes wavelength-dependent. Hence such junctions can operate as wavelength multiplexers/demultiplexers. Finally, by dynamically varying the refractive-index steps of the junction channels, e.g., via the electrooptic effect or optical nonlinearities, the waveguide junctions can perform multiport switching, modulation, and dynamic wavelength multiplexing/demultiplexing of guided waves.
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Subramanian, P., P. K. A. Wai, C. R. Menyuk, and R. J. Hawkins. "Effect of junction rounding on the propagation characteristics of Y-junction waveguides." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.tuii1.

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The beam propagation method1 is used to stimulate the propagation of light through Y junctions. Such structures have been extensively studied in the past, but the effect of junction rounding on the propagation characteristics has not been considered before. For photolithographically patterned, dry etched Y junctions, junction rounding usually leads to the branching point of the junction being 1–20 μm away from the position where it would have been if it were sharp. This work describes the effect of junction rounding on the propagation characteristics of symmetric and asymmetric Y junctions. The total power in each arm and the power in the fundamental mode is plotted as a function of propagation distance for different junction angles, input field distributions, and extents of junction rounding. We find that junction rounding has a surprisingly small effect on the propagation characteristics, so that it will have almost no detrimental impact on the experiments.
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Park, Jungkyu, and Vikas Prakash. "Thermal Transport at Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Junction." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66645.

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We present results of a molecular dynamics study to analyze thermal transport at carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphene junctions comprising of single layer graphene and (6,6) armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Two possible junction types with different degrees of sp2 and sp3 hybridization are investigated. Reverse Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (RNEMD) simulations are used to obtain the thermal conductivities in these hybrid structures and also analyze the role of the interfacial thermal resistance at the SWCNT-graphene junctions in limiting thermal transport. The highest out-of-plane (along the SWCNT axis) thermal conductivity of a hybrid structure with a CNT-graphene junction was obtained to be 158.9±1.2 W/m-K when the junction comprised of only sp2 bonds with an interpillar distance of 15 nm and a pillar height of 200 nm. The highest in-plane thermal conductivity (along the graphene layer plane) with two CNT-graphene junctions was found to be 392.2±9.9 W/m-K with junctions comprising of only sp2 bonds and an interpillar distance of 20 nm and a pillar height of 25 nm. In all cases, junctions with mixed sp2/sp3 hybridization showed higher interfacial thermal resistance than junctions with pure sp2 bonds, and the thermal interfacial resistance was found to be weakly dependent on the length of CNT and the interpillar distance. The highest interfacial thermal resistance measured across the CNT-graphene junction was 3.10×10−6 K-cm2/W when the junction comprised of mixed sp2/sp3 bonds and with 15 nm interpillar distance and 50 nm pillar height.
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Bathany, Ce´dric, Thomas Suchyna, and Susan Z. Hua. "A Microfluidic Chip for Studying Intercellular Communication via Gap Junction Channels." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13135.

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Cells in tissues and organs coordinate their activities with each other, and this communication is mainly mediated by specialized channels, called Gap Junctions. To date, our understanding of specificity of reagents and extracellular stimuli to gap junctions is very limited. Existing techniques for gap junctions assay are tedious and not convenient. We have developed a microfluidic chip that is capable of detecting chemical diffusion across gap junctions, as well as screening reagents for specific gap junction channels.
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Kiser, Chris C., Tim A. Handy, Evan C. Lemley, Dimitrios V. Papavassiliou, and Henry J. Neeman. "Reynolds Number Dependence for Laminar Flow Loss Coefficients in Tee and Wye Junctions." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31026.

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In fluid flow piping systems, tee and wye junctions are commonly encountered and the study of flow through them has been well documented. Most of these studies have focused on flow characterized as turbulent for which there are nearly constant losses in pressure and kinetic energy in the junctions. Laminar flow has received much less attention since it is not frequently observed in macro scale piping systems where pipe diameters are measured in centimeters. The recent increase in use of micro scale flow devices calls for more research into laminar flow behavior that dictates the design and operation of these devices. This paper documents results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow in planar tee and wye junctions. The junctions studied consisted of circular pipes with two outlets and one inlet. The angles between the tee and wye junctions were fixed to 180 and 60 degrees, respectively. The inlet pipe diameter was fixed at 50 microns and the outlet pipe diameters were chosen to satisfy the continuity equation constrained to have equal velocities in all pipes. The lengths of the inlet and outlet pipes were varied to achieve fully developed flow within the junction. Following a grid resolution study performed on a sample tee junction, a generalized algorithm was designed and implemented to create three-dimensional models of these junctions subject to the former conditions. In the CFD simulations, Reynolds number was varied in the laminar characterized region between 1 and 2000. The simulations calculated static pressure and velocity magnitude values for a number of planes intersecting the junctions along the inlet and outlet pipes. From these values, pressure and kinetic energy gradients were calculated to estimate the static pressure and kinetic energy at the inlet and outlet pipes of each junction. Finally, these inlet and outlet values were used to calculate the stagnation pressure loss coefficient, which reflects dimensionless losses of pressure and kinetic energy for the junction. These coefficients ranged from 1 to 300 for the tee junction and 1 to 400 for the wye junction over the specified range of Reynolds number. The values were inversely proportional to Reynolds number and curve fits were provided for valid ranges.
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Abou-Haidar, N. I., and S. L. Dixon. "Compressible Flow Pressure Losses in Wye-Junctions." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-071.

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This paper considers the compressible flow pressure losses in sharp cornered wye-junctions with symmetrical branches under dividing and combining flow conditions. Determination of the additional total pressure losses occurring in flow through several three-leg junctions, using dry air as the working fluid, has been made experimentally. Results covering a wide speed range up to choking are presented for three different wye-junction geometries. Separate flow visualisation Schlieren tests detected the presence of normal shock waves, located at up to one duct diameter downstream of the junction, and therefore confirmed the choking of the flow at the vena contracta. The highest attainable Mach number (M3) of the averaged whole flow was 0.9 for one of the dividing flow geometries and 0.65 for several of the combining flow cases. These values of M3 were the maximum possible and hence represent a limiting condition dictated by choking. In general, the compressible flow loss coefficients, caused by the presence of the wye-junctions, can be expected to be higher for dividing flows and lower for combining flows than would be the case for incompressible flows because of the influence of Mach number (M3) on the magnitude of the denominator.
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Park, Jungkyu, and Paul Pena. "Strain Effect on Thermal Transport in Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Junctions." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87764.

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We employ molecular dynamics simulations to explore the effect of tensile strain on the thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube (CNT)-graphene junction structures. Two different types of CNT-graphene junctions are simulated; a perfect seamless junction between CNT and graphene with complete sp2 covalent bonds, and a CNT-graphene junction with mixed sp2/sp3 covalent bonds are studied. The most interesting phenomenon observed in the present research study is that the thermal conductivity of CNT-graphene junction structures increases with an increase in mechanical strain. For the case of CNT-graphene junction structure with pillar height of 50 nm and inter-pillar distance of 15 nm, the thermal conductivity is improved by 22.4% when 0.1 tensile strain is imposed. It is observed that the thermal conductivity improvement is enhanced when a larger graphene floor is placed between junctions since larger graphene floor allows larger deformation (larger tensile strain) in the junction. In addition, the thermal conductivity of CNT-graphene junction structures with pure sp2 bonds is observed to be higher than the thermal conductivity of CNT-graphene junction structures with mixed sp2/sp3 bonds regardless of the amount of tensile strain. The obtained results will contribute to the development of flexible electronics by providing a theoretical background on the thermal transport of three dimensional carbon nanostructures under deformation.
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Berthold, K., G. Strasser, and E. Gornik. "Pholodetective and light emitting MOM junctions." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.fy3.

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We have investigated the photon-surface plasmon polariton coupling efficiency of SiO2-Ag-AI2O3-AI and SiO2-AI2O3-AI junctions as a function of grating parameters and dielectric coatings on the diffraction spectra. At optimum coupling conditions surface plasmon polariton enhanced photoconductivity was detected. The color sensitivity of MOM junctions was varied over the whole visible range with different dielectric coatings. Sensitivities of up to 0.5 V/W are achieved using suitable geometries and oxide design. These detectors are capacitance-limited and could detect signals below 10 ps. In addition the emission characteristic of SiO2-Ag-AI2O3-AI junction at optical frequencies has been investigated.
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Kawabe, Yoshiko, Shinobu Yoshida, Shozo Saegusa, Itsuro Kajiwara, and Akio Nagamatsu. "Optimization for Vibration Problems: Junction Layout of a Combined Structure Under Oscillation." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dac-5801.

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Abstract Layout optimization of junctions yields the minimum number of junctions. And a fewer junctions means fewer joint components or fewer spot-welding operations, and this leads to higher production efficiency. A method is developed for optimizing the layout of junctions between two structures so as to minimize the relative displacement between them when one of them is oscillated by noise disturbances. A quadratic response function serves as the expected value of relative displacement between the two structures and as the objective function in the optimization process. A set of evenly distributed variable-spring elements joins the two solid structures in a single junction surface, and the distribution of elasticity indices is continually revised. After optimization, those spring elements with elasticity indices higher than a certain threshold are considered to represent rigid joints, while lower elasticity indices indicate the absence of any joints. The optimized elasticity-index distribution thus shows where to place junctions. Use of variable-strength spring joints like this makes it easier to determine optimum junction positions. This is because it eliminates the need to renew the entire FEM model for each case.
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Scott, A., and S. Ziada. "Flow-Acoustic Interactions in T-Junctions." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33365.

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The flow-acoustic nature of sharp-edged T-junctions is investigated experimentally. Tests are performed for a Reynolds number range of 54,000 < ReD < 470,000. Four test cases are studied corresponding to: (a) T-junction with flow from the two branches; (b) T-junction with flow from one branch; (c) T-junction with flow into the two branches and (d) T-junction with flow into one branch. It is found that the separation bubble formed when the flow goes around the T-junction corner provides a source of turbulence excitation. For cases (c) and (d) the dimensionless pressure amplitudes of the acoustic modes reach a maximum at a Strouhal number which is in agreement with the broadband peak measured in the separation bubble. Cases (a) and (b) exhibit a different type of flow-acoustic coupling. In both cases, the maximum acoustic pressure is stronger than in Cases (c) and (d) and occurs at a Strouhal number which is different from that observed in the separation bubble. The results are compared to experimental and numerical studies from the literature.
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Reports on the topic "Junctions"

1

Moreland, John, L. F. Goodrich, J. W. Elkin, T. E. Capobianco, and A. F. Clark. Break junctions I :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.88-3090.

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2

Missert, Nancy A., Michael David Henry, Rupert M. Lewis, Stephen W. Howell, Steven L. Wolfley, Lyle Brent Brunke, and Matthaeus Wolak. Tunable Nitride Josephson Junctions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1412824.

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Schmidt, Sharon K., Ronald L. Cook, and Anthony F. Sammells. Characterization of Illuminated Semiconductor/Solid-Electrolyte Junctions. Semiconductor Redox Polymer Detector Junctions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada167665.

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Silverstein, Eva M. AdS and dS Entropy from String Junctions or The Function of Junction Conjunctions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815607.

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Nordman, James E., and James B. Beyer. Vortices in Long Josephson Junctions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207936.

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Cleland, A. N. Macroscopic quantum tunneling in Josephson tunnel junctions and Coulomb blockade in single small tunnel junctions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5511727.

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7

Geballe, T. H. Superconducting Thin Films Composites and Junctions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada204556.

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Ebner, C. A., and C. Jayaprakash. Dynamical Properties of Josephson Junctions Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255464.

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Geballe, T. H. Superconducting Thin Films, Composites and Junctions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada216688.

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Tully, L., D. Goerz, T. Houck, and J. Javedani. Electrostatic Modeling of Vacuum Insulator Triple Junctions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900151.

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