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1
Bușe, Ionel. "Alexandru Macedonski: poetic irony of death." Sæculum 48, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/saec-2019-0031.
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AbstractAlexandru Macedonski, like most symbolist poets, has a „special relationship” with death. Anchored in the spirit of Western literature, he knew, without a doubt, the great poems dedicated to death, by Byron, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Rimbaud, etc. Not coincidentally, given the relationships, more or less blunt with the Junimea members, marked by polemics, exchange of epigrams, Caragiale called him, Macabronski. The theme of death, with minor exceptions, is, however, in Macedonski a philosophical obsession transfigured into a vision of the Whole, with its full and emptiness.
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Eiben, Neli Ileana. "Elena-Brânduşa Steiciuc, Anca Gâţă, Rodica Stoicescu (dir.), Revue Roumaine d’Études Francophones N° 3/2011, « Le Politique ». Iaşi : Éditions Junimea, 2011, 195 p. ISSN 2065-8087." Dialogues francophones 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/difra-2015-0020.
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Rowan Hisayo Buchanan. "Juniper." Fairy Tale Review 13 (2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/fairtalerevi.13.1.0024.
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Coultrap, D. E., K. O. Fulgham, D. L. Lancaster, J. Gustafson, D. F. Lile, and M. R. George. "Relationships Between Western Juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) and Understory Vegetation." Invasive Plant Science and Management 1, no. 1 (January 2008): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-07-008.1.
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AbstractWestern juniper has been actively invading sagebrush plant communities for about 130 yr. Western juniper canopy cover generally increases as western juniper invades sagebrush steppe communities and succession progresses toward a western juniper woodland. Our goal was to estimate the impact of juniper invasion and canopy increase on understory vegetation structure and productivity on 101 sites in northeastern California. The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the influence of increasing western juniper canopy cover on the composition and productivity of understory vegetation; and (2) assess the effects of western juniper removal on understory vegetation. Sites in early, mid-, and late successional stages and sites on the same soils that had not been invaded were selected. Sites where western juniper had been removed by prescribed fire, mechanical, or chemical methods were compared to adjacent untreated sites. Western juniper canopy cover, understory cover and species composition, productivity, and bare ground were determined at each site during May through July 2005 and 2006. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between western juniper canopy cover and understory vegetation parameters. Logistic regression was used to detect understory differences between treated (juniper removed) and untreated (juniper not removed) sites. A significant relationship was found between western juniper canopy cover and understory species richness, shrub cover, forb cover, total grass cover, cheatgrass cover, herbaceous productivity, and bare ground. Removal of western juniper increased total grass cover, cheatgrass cover, and productivity, and reduced bare ground. The results of this study support findings by researchers in other states that western juniper influences plant community structure and productivity, and removal of western juniper might reverse these changes in structure, but also might increase opportunities for invasion of cheatgrass.
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Pipíška, Tomáš, Jed Cappellazzi, Scott Leavengood, Frederick A. Kamke, Gerald Presley, and David Děcký. "Utilization of the western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) in strandboards to improve the decay resistance." BioResources 16, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 3886–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.3886-3894.
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Naturally durable wood species such as western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) are a potential source of bio-based wood preservatives for the improvement of non-durable timber species. This research investigated the durability of southern yellow pine (Pinus sp.) and western juniper lumber or strandboard. Single layer panels were made with six different types of wood or wood treatments: southern yellow pine, mixed juniper sapwood and heartwood, sapwood, heartwood, sapwood strands impregnated with juniper oil prior to and after panel manufacturing. Panels were fabricated with 560 kg/m3 oven-dry density with 5% of PF resin and 0.5% of wax. Durability testing was performed with the brown rot fungi Gloeophyllum trabeum and Rhodonia placenta and the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Internal bond as a crucial parameter of OSB was measured. Tests revealed that juniper heartwood and juniper heartwood strandboards were highly decay resistant, and juniper oil pre- and post-impregnation strandboard manufacture imparted increased resistance to decay against one brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum. Juniper strandboard manufactured from non-impregnated strands showed significantly higher internal bond than pine. These results suggest there is excellent potential for manufacturing highly decay-resistant OSB from juniper, especially from heartwood and that juniper oil can increase the durability of juniper sapwood strandboard.
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Pavlacky, David C., and Stanley H. Anderson. "Habitat Preferences of Pinyon-Juniper Specialists Near the Limit of Their Geographic Range." Condor 103, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.2.322.
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Abstract We investigated habitat preferences for five pinyon-juniper specialists during the 1998 and 1999 breeding seasons in Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands of southwestern Wyoming. We compared avian use and availability of vegetation features using univariate and multivariate analysis to detect selection for vegetative features of pinyon-juniper specialists near the northeastern range boundary of pinyon-juniper habitat on the Colorado Plateau. Gray Flycatchers (Empidonax wrightii), Juniper Titmice (Baeolophus griseus), and Bewick's Wrens (Thryomanes bewickii) preferred woodlands with high overstory juniper cover. The Juniper Titmouse was associated with senescent trees, Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) with rock outcrops and shrubs in the family Rosaceae, and Black-throated Gray Warbler (Dendroica nigrescens) with pinyon pine (Pinus edulis). We suggest the geographic distribution of four of five pinyon-juniper specialists is limited by the occurrence of pinyon pine in semiarid woodlands on the northeastern Colorado Plateau. The geographic limit for Blue-gray Gnatcatchers in this region may correspond to the presence of mountain mahogany in the woodland understory. The conservation of pinyon-juniper specialists in southwestern Wyoming will benefit from the maintenance of successional processes, particularly those that perpetuate mature woodlands with a pinyon pine component.
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Kontić, Dean, and Dorica Šajber. "Swimming Capacities in High-Level youth Water Polo; Playing-Position Specifics." Naše more 63, no. 2 (May 2016): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2016/2.9.
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Evans, G. E., R. E. Gough, and H. Metcalf. "`Quonset' Juniper." HortScience 31, no. 6 (October 1996): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.6.1060.
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Stallings, L. Lynn, and Patricia L. Bullock. "Juniper Green." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 4, no. 7 (April 1999): 438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.4.7.0438.
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Juniper green is the name of a school in England and of an enjoyable game invented by teacher Richard Porteous (Stewart 1997). By playing Juniper Green, students strengthen their number sense by using mental mathematics to find and check factors of numbers up to 100 and multiples up to 100. Figuring out an optimal strategy for playing introduces students to some interesting ideas about numbers. Students enjoy this game so much that they play it outside class. One needs to play Juniper Green to fully appreciate its worth; it does not take long to play, requires few materials, and is still challenging and enjoyable after being played several times.
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Cain, Shannon. "Juniper Beach." Colorado Review 38, no. 1 (2011): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2011.0047.
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Stewart, Ian. "Juniper Green." Scientific American 276, no. 3 (March 1997): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0397-118.
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Surso, Mikhail. "Pollination and pollen germination in common juniper (Juniperus communis: Cupressaceae)." Arctic Environmental Research 18, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.4.162.
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Pollination and fertilization are the most important and responsible stages in sexual reproduction of coniferous plants. The period of high concentrations of juniper pollen in overhead during pollination period is no more than 4–6 hours and within one calendar day. This dependence remains invariable from year to year, and does not depend neither from weather conditions, nor the peculiarities of the place where juniper grows. Influence of external agents on dynamics of exudation of a juniper pollination droplet is studied. The duration of exudation and volume of secretory liquid exuded by tissues of ovules during the period of prescription in the juniper depend from presence of external agents on a surface of pollination droplet, their sizes and physical and chemical properties. The pollination droplet chemical compound is studied. In sugars composition of juniper pollination droplet there are only two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose. the amino acids composition is prevailed by arginine, aspartic and glutamic acids. The results of the studies confirm complex chemical composition and multifunctionality of juniper pollination droplet. The pollination mechanism of juniper is effective and selective. The morphological structure of pollen grains of juniper predetermines the processes of pollen germination at early stages. The hydrophilic capsule, formed pollen hydration, promotes to exine rupture and shedding. This capsule remains until the fertilization. The distal tip of pollen tube remains in itduring all time of its growth. In culture in vitro development of pollen tubes of juniper proceeds non-uniformly. At definition of juniper pollen viability it is necessary to consider a stage of pollen tubes development.
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Smith, Frederick W., and Thomas Schuler. "Yields of Southwestern Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/3.3.70.
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Abstract Site quality and growth-growing stock relations were developed for southwestern woodlands of pinyon (Pinus edulis) and one-seed juniper (Juniperus monosperma) or Utah juniper (J. osteosperma). Anamorphic height-age site index curves for pinyon were developed from a regional sample of 60 woodlands. Site index was unaffected by variation in stocking and was correlated with woodland yield when used in conjunction with density. Pinyon and juniper PAI, when taken separately, were highly correlated with stand density and pinyon site index. Pinyon was twice as productive as juniper at similar stand densities. Pinyon and juniper yields in woodlands of average density and site index were estimated at 0.29 and 0.15 m3ha-1y-1. At high densities pinyon and juniper yields increased to 0.61 and 0.31 m3ha-1y-1 Pinyon and juniper yields appeared independent of the density of the other species in an individual woodland. Maximum yield of dense mixed species woodlands on average sites was 0.78 m3ha-1y-1, and occurred when pinyon constituted 65% of woodland density. West. J. Appl. For. 3(3):70-74, July 1988.
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Ansley, R. James, and G. Allen Rasmussen. "Managing Native Invasive Juniper Species Using Fire." Weed Technology 19, no. 3 (September 2005): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-098r1.1.
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Junipers (Juniperus spp.) are native woody shrubs that have expanded beyond their normal historical ranges in the western and southwestern United States since the late 1800s. Most ecologists and resource managers agree that juniper has become a deleterious native invasive plant that threatens other vegetation ecosystems, such as grasslands, through a steady encroachment and ultimate domination. The use of fire in managing junipers is based on a management goal to increase the disturbance return interval and thereby reduce the abundance and/or competitive impact of juniper in an ecosystem. In this paper, we discuss rates of juniper encroachment in relation to presettlement fire regimes, juniper encroachment and soil health, postfire vegetation responses, and long-term potential of different juniper treatment scenarios that involve prescribed fire.
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Falco, Gennaro, and Kristen M. Waring. "Community Classification of Piñon-Juniper Vegetation in the Four Corners Region, USA." Forest Science 66, no. 6 (September 10, 2020): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa024.
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Abstract Piñon-juniper is one of the most common vegetation types in the Four Corners states of the western United States (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah). Because of its high degree of community heterogeneity across the landscape, development of a more detailed and statistically supported classification system for piñon-juniper has been requested by regional land managers. We used a USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data set from the Four Corners states to develop a statistics-based classification system for piñon-juniper vegetation. Cluster analysis was used to group piñon-juniper FIA data into community classes. Classification and regression tree analysis was then used to develop a model for predicting piñon-juniper community types. To determine which variables contributed most to classifying piñon-juniper FIA data, a random forest analysis was conducted. Results from these analyses support a six-class piñon-juniper community-type model within the Four Corners states. Using the classification tree, membership of FIA piñon-juniper communities can be accurately predicted (r2 = 0.81) using only relative overstory species abundance. Our dominance-based classification system was useful in classifying piñon-juniper community types and could be used in the field to identify broad community types and complement more refined tools available for stand-scale decisionmaking. Study Implications: Piñon-juniper vegetation communities commonly occur in the Four Corners region of the United States. We used a regional data set to develop a statistically based classification system for piñon-juniper communities. We found support for a dominance-based approach supporting initial classification into six community classes. Classes were based on different overstory species dominance patterns, stand structural characteristics (stand density index, basal area [square meters per hectare], trees per hectare, and stand age), and precipitation patterns (mean annual precipitation and monsoonal index) (Table S2). Community type can be predicted using relative overstory abundance to help managers prioritize regional areas (~6,000 acres [2,428 hectares]) for management and predict responses based on precipitation patterns, current understory tree regeneration, and plant community abundance. This system could lead to better planning documents and management decisions on a regional scale to complement more refined tools available for stand-scale management such as plant associations and detailed soil maps.
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Zheljazkov, Valtcho D., Tess Astatkie, and Ekaterina Jeliazkova. "Effect of Foliar Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Extracts of Juniper and Sagebrush on Essential Oil Yield and Composition of ‘Native’ Spearmint." HortScience 48, no. 4 (April 2013): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.4.462.
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Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is a major essential oil crop in the United States. Developing means for increased biomass and oil yields and increased concentrations of carvone would be beneficial for the essential oil industry. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar application treatments [water (control), water + Tween20, sagebrush essential oil + Tween20, sagebrush water extract, juniper essential oil + Tween20, juniper water extract, and methyl jasmonate] on ‘Native’ spearmint essential oil content, shoot fresh weight, oil yield, and oil composition. The essential oil content was low in the water + Tween20 and in juniper essential oil (EO) + Tween20 treatments and high in the juniper water extract and in methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatments; however, neither of these were different from the water control or from the sagebrush EO + Tween20. Biomass fresh weight was lower in the sagebrush water extract (SWE) and in the juniper water extract (JWE) relative to the water control. The application of juniper EO + Tween20 reduced the concentration of carvone in the oil relative to the water control or to the water + Tween20 treatment. The sagebrush water extract, juniper EO + Tween20, juniper water extract, and MJ increased the concentrations of beta-caryophyllene relative to the water treatment. The concentration of trans-beta-farnesene was lower in the control water treatment and higher in all other treatments. Also, with the exception of sagebrush EO + Tween20, all treatments increased the concentration of germacrene D relative to the water control but not relative to water + Tween20. This study demonstrated that foliar application of sagebrush EO, sagebrush water extract, juniper EO, or juniper water extract to ‘Native’ spearmint may affect the essential oil profile of spearmint essential oil. Some of the treatments increased the concentrations of beta-caryophyllene, trans-beta-farnesene, and germacrene D in the essential oil; however, neither of the treatments increased the concentration of carvone, the main essential oil constituent of ‘Native’ spearmint oil.
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Fisher, James T., Gregory A. Fancher, and Earl F. Aldon. "Factors affecting establishment of one-seed juniper (Juniperusmonosperma) on surface-mined lands in New Mexico." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-118.
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Containerized one-seed juniper (Juniperusmonosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.) were planted on two northern New Mexico mine spoils to evaluate effects of establishment methods and postplanting site conditions on seedling survival and growth. Establishment factors included planting date, mulch, fertilizer regimes, and seedling protection. Wood chip mulch and animal protection provided by rigid plastic mesh tubes or plastic netting improved juniper survival, growth, or both, depending on the study. The forms and rates of fertilizers tested provided no benefits and sometimes decreased survival. Juniper fertilization at planting stimulated the growth of reseeded grass and resulted in greater competition. Perennial weeds that invaded a mechanically cleared planting site also reduced juniper growth and survival. Results point to the need to consider the adverse effects associated with fertilization, time of planting, and order of grass and juniper revegetation.
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Czarnota, M. A. "Tolerance of Three Juniper Species to Glyphosate." HortTechnology 18, no. 2 (January 2008): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.2.239.
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Glyphosate traditionally has been used by growers and landscapers as a nonselective herbicide; however, selective uses do exist. The use of glyphosate to control weeds in dormant and actively growing bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is an example of selective weed control. Several ornamentals, including conifer species, have been known to exhibit good tolerance to over-the-top applications of glyphosate. Unfortunately, little published information exists on rates of glyphosate that may be used on specific ornamental species. The objective of this research was to determine the tolerance levels of three juniper species [‘Blue Pacific’ shore juniper (Juniperus conferta), ‘Blue Star’ juniper (Juniperus squamata), and ‘Parsoni’ juniper (Juniperus davurica)] to various rates of glyphosate. Research conducted in 2004 and 2005 indicated that injury to three juniper species did not exceed 23% with glyphosate rates up to 2.5 lb/acre.
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Durfee, Nicole, Carlos Ochoa, and Ricardo Mata-Gonzalez. "The Use of Low-Altitude UAV Imagery to Assess Western Juniper Density and Canopy Cover in Treated and Untreated Stands." Forests 10, no. 4 (March 29, 2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040296.
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Monitoring vegetation characteristics and ground cover is crucial to determine appropriate management techniques in western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) ecosystems. Remote-sensing techniques have been used to study vegetation cover; yet, few studies have applied these techniques using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), specifically in areas of juniper woodlands. We used ground-based data in conjunction with low-altitude UAV imagery to assess vegetation and ground cover characteristics in a paired watershed study located in central Oregon, USA. The study was comprised of a treated watershed (most juniper removed) and an untreated watershed. Research objectives were to: (1) evaluate the density and canopy cover of western juniper in a treated (juniper removed) and an untreated watershed; and, (2) assess the effectiveness of using low altitude UAV-based imagery to measure juniper-sapling population density and canopy cover. Ground- based measurements were used to assess vegetation features in each watershed and as a means to verify analysis from aerial imagery. Visual imagery (red, green, and blue wavelengths) and multispectral imagery (red, green, blue, near-infrared, and red-edge wavelengths) were captured using a quadcopter-style UAV. Canopy cover in the untreated watershed was estimated using two different methods: vegetation indices and support vector machine classification. Supervised classification was used to assess juniper sapling density and vegetation cover in the treated watershed. Results showed that vegetation indices that incorporated near-infrared reflectance values estimated canopy cover within 0.7% to 4.1% of ground-based calculations. Canopy cover estimates at the untreated watershed using supervised classification were within 0.9% to 2.3% of ground-based results. Supervised classification applied to fall imagery using multispectral bands provided the best estimates of juniper sapling density compared to imagery taken in the summer or to using visual imagery. Study results suggest that low-altitude multispectral imagery obtained using small UAV can be effectively used to assess western juniper density and canopy cover.
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Abdallah, Mohamed A. B., Nicole Durfee, Ricardo Mata-Gonzalez, Carlos G. Ochoa, and Jay S. Noller. "Water Use and Soil Moisture Relationships on Western Juniper Trees at Different Growth Stages." Water 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061596.
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An enhanced understanding of plant water uptake is critical for making better-informed management decisions involving vegetative manipulation practices aimed to improve site productivity. This is particularly true in arid and semiarid locations where water is a scarce, yet precious commodity. In this project, we evaluated the interannual and seasonal variability of soil moisture and transpiration in sapling, juvenile, and mature western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) trees in a semiarid rangeland ecosystem of central Oregon, USA. Transpiration levels were greatest in mature juniper trees in an untreated juniper watershed (Jensen WS), while the lowest transpiration levels were observed in juniper saplings in a treated watershed (Mays WS) where most mature juniper trees were removed in 2005. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in leaf water potential levels observed between predawn and midday readings for all juniper growth stages indicated water is lost over the course of the day. Results showed seasonal precipitation was highly variable over the course of the study (2017 through 2019) and this was reflected in soil water available for tree uptake. This resulted in considerable intra- and inter-annual variation in transpiration. In years with greater winter precipitation amounts (2017 and 2019), juniper transpiration rates were highest during the summer, followed by spring, autumn, and winter. On average, transpiration rates during the summer in the wettest (329 mm) year 2017 were 115 and 2.76 L day−1 for mature and sapling trees, respectively. No data were collected for juvenile trees in 2017. In the drier (245 mm) year 2018, higher transpiration rates were observed in the spring. On average, spring transpiration rates were 72.7, 1.61, and 1.00 L day−1 for mature, juvenile, and sapling trees, respectively. Study results highlight the sensitivity of western juniper woodlands to variations in seasonal precipitation and soil moisture availability.
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Miller, Richard F. "Pushing Back Juniper." Ecological Restoration 13, no. 1 (1995): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.13.1.51.
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Kibite, Solomon. "AC Juniper Oat." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-154.
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AC Juniper is an early maturing oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar with high grain yield and good lodging resistance. It has a higher kernel weight, a higher percentage of plump kernels, and a lower percentage of thin kernels than Jasper. Its hull content is significantly lower than Cascade, similar to Jasper and Dumont, and higher than Derby. AC Juniper is well adapted to Alberta and the rust-free areas of western Saskatchewan. Key words: Avena sativa, oat (spring), cultivar description
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Bush, Elizabeth. "Brother Juniper (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 59, no. 8 (2006): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2006.0223.
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Koruk, Suda Tekin, Esin Ozyilkan, Pınar Kaya, Dilsen Colak, Omer Donderici, and Yıldırım Cesaretli. "Juniper Tar Poisoning." Clinical Toxicology 43, no. 1 (January 25, 2005): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/clt-200045072.
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Koruk, Suda Tekin, Esin Ozyilkan, Pınar Kaya, Dilsen Colak, Omer Donderici, and Yıldırım Cesaretli. "Juniper Tar Poisoning." Clinical Toxicology 43, no. 1 (January 2005): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/clt-45072.
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Fahey, Diane. "The Juniper tree." Psychological Perspectives 40, no. 1 (January 2000): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332920008403375.
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Enchinov, E. V. "The rite of petition of juniper in the Altai culture at the beginning of the XXI century." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 15 (2020): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2020-15-159-163.
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The article deals with the rites and rituals associated with the request of the juniper from the host spirit of Altai in the Altai culture at the beginning of the XXI century. For Altaians, when performing most customs, rites and rituals, it is necessary to use juniper. Juniper is considered a sacred plant, its properties include: ritual purification, sacred protection, is a testimony to the purity of thoughts and actions.
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Šišić, Nedim, and Damir Sekulić. "MORPHOLOGICAL-ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASURES ARE NOT SIGNIFICANT PREDICTORS OF AGILITY PERFORMANCE FOR HIGH-LEVEL JUNIOR BASKETBALL PLAYERS." Anthropological aspects of sports physical education and recreation 5, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5550/sp.5.2013.05.
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Lancaster, A. L., D. E. Deyton, C. E. Sams, C. D. Pless, D. C. Fare, R. E. Moran, and J. C. Cummins. "Soybean Oil Used as an Alternative Pesticide on Nursery Stock." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 485d—485. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.485d.
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Research was conducted to determine if soybean oil sprays may substitute for petroleum oil for control of insects on nursery crops. Dormant field-grown `Globe' arborvitae shrubs infested with Fletcher scale were sprayed on 9 Mar. 1997 with 0%, 2%, 3%, or 4% soybean oil. One hundred scales per plant were evaluated on 4 Apr. 1997. Spraying 2% to 4% soybean oil on dormant arborvitae caused ≥97% mortality of Fletcher scale compared to only 7% mortality on untreated plants. of white pine, viburnum, `Anthony Waterer' spirea, `Green Beauty' boxwood, western red cedar, `Blue Star' juniper, `Blue Pacific' juniper, `Japanese Garden' juniper, and arborvitae plants in trade gallon pots and `Densiformus' yew and dwarf `Alberta' spruce in trade quart pots were sprayed with 0% (water control), 1%, or 2% soybean oil (emulsified with Latron B-1956) or 2% SunSpray Ultra-Fine Spray oil on 26 Aug. 1997 for phytotoxicity evaluation. No phytotoxicity occurred on western cedar, spirea, boxwood, yew, arborvitae, or viburnum. Spraying Sunspray or soybean oil caused initial loss of blue color on blue junipers and white pine. Spraying 1 or 2% soybean oil or 2% SunSpray caused phytotoxicity to `Blue Star' juniper. The `Blue Pacific' juniper, `Japanese Garden' juniper, and Alberta spruce were slightly damaged by 2% but not by 1% soybean oil.
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Young, Kert R., Bruce A. Roundy, and Dennis L. Eggett. "Mechanical Mastication of Utah Juniper Encroaching Sagebrush Steppe Increases Inorganic Soil N." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/632757.
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Juniper (Juniperusspp.) has encroached on millions of hectares of sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.) steppe. Juniper mechanical mastication increases cover of understory species but could increase resource availability and subsequently invasive plant species. We quantified the effects of juniper mastication on soil resource availability by comparing total C, total N, C : N ratio, Olsen extractable P, sulfate S, and pH using soil samples and inorganic N (NO3-+NH4+) using ion exchange membranes. We compared resource availability in paired masticated and untreated areas in three juniper-dominated sagebrush and bunchgrass ecosystems in the Utah portion of the Great Basin. Inorganic N was 4.7 times higher in masticated than in untreated areas across seasons (P<0.001). Within masticated areas, tree mounds of juniper leaf scales and twigs served as resource islands with 1.9 times higher inorganic N and total C, and 2.8 times higher total N than bare interspaces across seasons (P<0.01). Bare interspaces had 3.0–3.4 times higher inorganic N than interspaces covered with masticated trees during late-summer through winter (P<0.01). Soil fertility changes associated with mastication were not considered sufficient to favor establishment of annual over perennial grasses, and we expect both to increase in cover following juniper mastication.
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Mussina, Aitzhamal S., Gaukhar U. Baitasheva, Meruyert S. Kurmanbayeva, Galia J. Medeuova, Adilhan A. Mauy, Elmira M. Imanova, Akbota Zh Kurasbaeva, Zaida S. Rachimova, Yerlan S. Nurkeyev, and Kanat Orazbayev. "Anatomical and morphological changes of the juniper under the influence of heavy metals in condition of man-induced load." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 64, no. 1-4 (November 10, 2018): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-06303005.
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Reaction of the plant body in polluted conditions allows estimating the anthropogenic impact on the environment. The aim of this work is to study anatomical and morphological changes of juniper in terms of the polymetallic pollution of the environment and under the influence of heavy metals. The assessment of some heavy metals impact on juniper was conducted after the planting of seed samples in the soil and obtaining good germination. The juniper has been treated with heavy metal solutions in the lab for 4 months. To determine the anatomical structures of the leaves of the juniper, the samples were fixed by the Strasburger-Fleming method. Under the influence of urban air, negative anatomical and morphological changes of juniper were discovered, the significant increase in the thickness of the needles, the thickness of the conducting bundle and the thickness of the epidermis was noted, that, apparently, provides higher resistance to man-induced pollution. It is shown that the process of environmental restoration can be done due to self-purification by using adsorption properties of leaves of woody plants, for example juniper, that is able to absorb heavy metals (lead, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, zinc and copper) from urban air. It was first discovered that the effects of heavy metals (lead and nickel) as the nutrient medium leads to the significant changes of the leaves’ anatomical structure (the swelling of the phloem, some decondensation in the mesophyll). The research results allow recommending the juniper for phytoremediation, bioindication and landscape gardening of cities and settlements in different countries.
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Major, John E., and Steven C. Grossnickle. "Chilling Units Used to Determine Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Junipers." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 8, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-8.1.32.
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Abstract Stem cuttings from 10 juniper cultivars, representing 5 taxa of juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. ‘Pfitzer Aurea’; J. horizontalis Moench ‘Bar Harbor’, ‘Prince of Wales’, ‘Wiltoni’, ‘Youngstown’; J. procumbens Endl. ‘Green Mound’; J. sabina L. ‘Broadmoor’, ‘Buffalo’, ‘Tamariscifolia’ and; J. scopulorium Sarg. ‘Wichita Blue’) were inserted into rooting beds twice monthly from October 15, 1986 to February 28, 1987. During this time period, air temperature was monitored continuously 1 m (39 in) above the stock plants and seasonal chilling units (i.e., hours at ≤55°C (41°F)) were determined. Chilling units of the donor stock plants affected the percent rooting of most juniper cultivars. Data suggest that the optimum rooting period of most cultivars of juniper can be determined by their chilling units.
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Walker, Kandy L., and David J. Williams. "Weed Interference in Container-grown `San Jose' Juniper." HortScience 25, no. 6 (June 1990): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.6.650.
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Experiments in two consecutive years indicated that barnyardgrass (Echirzochloa crusgalli L.), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.), and giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm.) reduced growth of container-grown `San Jose' juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. `San Jose') 83 days after transplanting grass seedlings into the containers. Grass densities of one to six weeds per container reduced `San Jose' juniper growth. By 83 days of grass interference, juniper shoot dry weight was reduced as much as 43% by six weeds per container.
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Pipíška, Tomáš, Scott Leavengood, Frederick A. Kamke, and Pavel Král. "Properties of the western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) strandboard." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 2853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2853-2860.
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This work investigated the feasibility of using western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) as a material to manufacture oriented strandboard (OSB) panels. Four different material combinations of juniper sapwood, heartwood, and fibrous bark were compared with regular southern yellow pine (Pinus sp.) strands. The OSB panels were made at an oven-dry density of 560 kg/m3. One pine control panel was also made at a higher density of 650 kg/m3 with a 5% addition of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and a 0.5% addition of wax. The single-layer panels were formed with a hot press, and the physical and mechanical properties were tested according to the ASTM standard D1037 (2020). The testing indicated that western juniper is a potential material for manufacturing of OSB panels. The properties of the juniper panels were equivalent or slightly better than those of the southern yellow pine panels at the same density level, except for the modulus of elasticity (MOE). The lower density of the juniper OSB panels may have benefits in construction applications and can decrease transportation costs.
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Decker, Scott R., Peter J. Pekins, and William W. Mautz. "Nutritional evaluation of winter foods of wild turkeys." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 2128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-297.
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Red oak acorns (Quercus rubra), fruits of multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), common juniper (Juniper communis), winterberry holly (Ilex verticillata), and barberry (Berberis spp.), fertile fronds of sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), corn, and apples were fed as mixed rations to eight eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris). Crude protein content of the foods ranged from 2 (apples) to 19% (sensitive fern). Red oak acorns and juniper berries were 14% fat; other foods were 1–7% fat. Apples were lowest in gross energy content (3.9 kcal/g dry matter (1 cal = 4.1868 J)), and sensitive fern was highest (5.5 kcal/g). Little variation existed in nutrient composition and energy content of the mixed diets. Metabolizable energy values of the diets ranged from 65 to 84% of gross energy intake and from 3.1 to 4.0 kcal/g. Solution of simultaneous equations based on the mixed-diet data yielded metabolizable energy values of individual foods; juniper had the highest metabolizable energy (4.6 kcal/g) and sensitive fern the lowest (2.1 kcal/g); other foods ranged from 3.3 to 4.1 kcal/g. Acorns, corn, and shrubs with persistent fruits (juniper, winterberry, barberry, and multiflora rose) were the most nutritious foods. Metabolizable energy intake of the mixed diets, excluding the juniper-dominated diet, approximated or exceeded the predicted daily energy expenditure of wild turkeys.
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BINDER, Mark D., and Christopher J. ELLIS. "Conservation of the rare British lichen Vulpicida pinastri: changing climate, habitat loss and strategies for mitigation." Lichenologist 40, no. 1 (January 2008): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282908007275.
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Abstract:Autecological information targeted towards rare and threatened lichen species is severely lacking. This study adopts the rare British lichen Vulpicida pinastri as a case study species and examines its ecological response to emerging threats: climate change and the recurrent loss of its primary habitat (juniper scrub). We used predictive niche modelling to examine the response of V. pinastri to a range of present-day climatic variables. A successful model was projected for a period during the 2050s based on IPCC climate change scenarios (UKCIP02 data), and threat was estimated as the proportional change in bioclimatic space. To estimate the potential range now and during the 2050s, projected bioclimatic space was masked by a habitat map equivalent to (i) the present-day distribution of juniper and (ii) theoretical juniper distribution based on existing rates of decline. Our results point to potential range loss of V. pinastri with climate warming, exacerbated by the recurrent decline in juniper habitat. This predictive modelling approach was complemented by an assessment of local stand-scale effects. At four sites in north-east Scotland we examined the occurrence and abundance of V. pinastri thalli, in response to juniper spatial distribution, and the life-stage and structure of individual shrubs. Vulpicida pinastri appeared to be dispersal limited at small-scales, and was significantly more abundant on old and degenerate juniper shrubs. Our results evidence a close relationship between management for habitat quality and effective lichen conservation. Effective conservation of V. pinastri must ensure cohorts of older and degenerate juniper shrubs are maintained at sites where the species is expected to be most resistant to long-term climate warming, i.e. in the uplands of north-east Scotland.
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Rzayeva, A. "Adaptations of Juniperus rufescens Link. Leaf’s in South Caucasus Mountains (Azerbaijan)." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/59/04.
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During scientific research in July-August 2019 between 40°53ʹN and 49°25ʹE widths in the Khizi territory (Azerbaijan), adaptations of the structure of the juniper leaves were studied. The leaves of the red juniper have a lancelet appearance and easily vary in different environmental conditions, for this reason we selected red juniper as the object of our studies and measured the length of leaves taken from different tiers. It was revealed that there is an inverse correlation between leaf lengths and altitude from the sea level.
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Tolleson, Douglas R., Nick Garza, Kaylee Hollingsworth, Jose M. Diaz, and Thomas H. Welsh. "157 Spectroscopic analysis of tissues collected from male goats differing in genetic propensity to consume juniper." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.217.
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Abstract Juniper (Juniperus spp.) foliage is consumed by free-ranging goats in the southwestern US. Junipers contain monoterpenes which have toxicological and pharmacological effects. We sampled 20 male Spanish goats (Capra hircus; 10 young [2-year-old] and 10 old [3-5-year-old]) from a herd selected for their propensity to consume a high (estimated breeding value [EBV] = 13.01 ± 0.20) or low (EBV = -14.76 ± 0.48) proportion of juniper in the diet to determine the ability of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in detecting physico-chemical differences in animal tissues. Heart (ventricle; interior and exterior surfaces), liver (caudate lobe), and muscle (longissimus dorsi) samples as well as an entire kidney and testicle, were collected at harvest (n = 5 of each age [i.e. length of exposure to monoterpenes] and juniper EBV combination). Tissue samples were stored in whirl-pac bags at -20o C and later thawed to ~24o C for NIRS analysis. Spectra (400–2500 nm) were obtained with an ASD Field Spec using a contact probe directly through the whirl-pac sample bag. Principal component and partial least squares regression procedures were accomplished in SAS; P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Both age (RSQ, 0.2 to 0.6; P < 0.05) and juniper EBV (RSQ, 0.2 to 0.65; P < 0.05) were correlated with near infrared (NIR) spectral characteristics. Propensity to consume juniper was most strongly correlated with NIR spectra in testicular tissue (RSQ = 0.65, MSE = 0.25, P < 0.01), and least strongly correlated in the heart interior surface (RSQ = 0.21, MSE = 0.21, P < 0.05). Spectral correlations with propensity to consume juniper were stronger in tissues from old (RSQ ~ 0.68) than young (RSQ ~ 0.52) goats, especially in liver, kidney, muscle, and testicle. Physico-chemical differences in goat tissues were affected by genetic propensity to consume juniper, and these were detected by NIRS.
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Peruč, Dolores, Ivana Gobin, Maja Abram, Dalibor Broznić, Tomislav Svalina, Sanja Štifter, Mladenka Malenica Staver, and Brigita Tićac. "Antimycobacterial potential of the juniper berry essential oil in tap water." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 69, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3085.
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Abstract Mycobacterium avium complex-related diseases are often associated with poorly maintained hot water systems. This calls for the development of new control strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of essential oils (EOs) from the Mediterranean plants, common juniper, immortelle, sage, lavandin, laurel, and white cedar against Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium gordonae in culturing broth and freshwater as their most common habitat. To do that, we developed a new method of water microdilution to determine their minimal effective concentrations (MEC). The most active EO was the one from the common juniper with the MEC of 1.6 mg mL-1. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry the juniper EO identified monoterpenes (70.54 %) and sesquiterpenes (25.9 %) as dominant component groups. The main monoterpene hydrocarbons were α-pinene, sabinene, and β-pinene. The juniper EO significantly reduced the cell viability of M. intracellulare and M. gordonae at MEC, and of M. avium at 2xMEC. Microscopic analysis confirmed its inhibitory effect by revealing significant morphological changes in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of all three bacteria. The mode of action of the juniper EO on the cell membrane was confirmed by a marked leakage of intracellular material. Juniper EO has a great practical potential as a complementary or alternative water disinfectant in hot water systems such as baths, swimming pools, spa pools, hot tubs, or even foot baths/whirlpools.
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Weber, Darrell, and David Nelson. "Die-off of Utah Juniper Natural Bridges National Monument." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (January 1, 1991): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.3025.
Full textAbstract:
The pinyon-juniper woodland is a wide spread vegetation type in the southwestern United States that is estimated to cover from 30 to 40 million hectares. They pinyon-juniper vegetation provides a source of fuel, building materials, charcoal, pine nuts, christmas trees and folk medicines. About 80% of the acreage is grazed by livestock and wildlife. In Utah, this ecosystem is a large component (62,705 km2 or 28.6%) of the vegetation. Particularly in the Utah National Parks, the pinyon-juniper woodlands valued for their watershed, aesthetic and recreational values. Over the past several years extensive foliar damage to Utah juniper (Juniperus osterosperma (Torr.) Little) has been observed in the Natural Bridges National Monument. The characteristic pattern is for the distal foliage to become chlorotic and die. Mortality progresses along twigs until whole branches or even the entire tree dies. Reports of similar foliar damage has been reported in Canyonlands National Park, Arches National Park, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado National Monument, areas near Cedar City in southwestern Utah and in eastern Nevada, which would indicate that the foliar damage is a widespread problem. The cause for the foliar damage is unknown. The loss of juniper trees in the national parks in southern Utah would have a dramatic ecological impact and would be an aesthetic blight in the parks. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the cause of the die-off of Utah junipers and suggest management options concerning the juniper die-off problem.
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Hayes, Jane L., Patricia L. Johnson, Andris Eglitis, Donald W. Scott, Lia Spiegel, Craig L. Schmitt, and Steven E. Smith. "Response of Bark and Woodboring Beetles to Host Volatiles and Wounding on Western Juniper." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/23.4.206.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In central Oregon, management of western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) has included use of prescribed fire and mechanical removal. After these treatments, several species of bark and woodboring beetles have been observed on treated trees and also occasionally on trees outside management areas, suggesting that these insects might contribute to juniper mortality. In this 2-year (2002–2003) study, we identified bark and woodboring beetles that attack western juniper along with associated beetle predators and examined whether these insects can be manipulated for use in juniper management. Using funnel traps and sticky traps on trees wounded by pruning or treated with host volatiles (juniper berry oil, cade oil, and ethanol) that may attract insects, we captured beetles in the families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Scolytidae (20 species in 17 genera) and known predators in the families Cleridae and Trogositidae (8 species in 7 genera). Cedar bark beetles (Phloeosinus spp.) were the most prevalent insects captured on trees treated with host volatiles and/or wounded. Treatments that included ethanol plus wounding were most attractive to these beetles. However, there was no obvious insect-caused damage or mortality of treated trees in either year of this study.
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James, E. B., R. P. Lister, and C. Edeleanu. "The Design of a Knowledge Communication Shell." Journal of Information Technology 5, no. 2 (June 1990): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629000500205.
Full textAbstract:
The Juniper 1 program offers a simple, low cost ‘shell’ for the construction of interactive knowledge bases. This paper describes some of the features of Juniper 1 and the reasons for using it in preference to conventional expert systems.
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Чернодубов, Aleksey Chernodubov, Руденок, and Yana Rudenok. "Phytocenoses biodiversity in "Utrish" reserve." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11269.
Full textAbstract:
We consider data on a variety of different forest forming tree species in a unique facility of Mediterranean flora on Russian territory – State Nature Reserve "Utrish." Conifers are represented by three species of junipers (Juniperus exelsa Bieb., Juniperus foetidissima Willd., Juniperus oxycedrus L.), Rinus kochiana Klotsc, Pinus pityusa Stev., Taxus baccata L. Greek Juniper is a dominating one on the area of 563.2 hectares, followed by prickly juniper (52.8 ha) and stinking juniper (38.9 ha). Their age is ranged from 121 to 141 years. The average height of juniper woodlands, where juniper stands as forest formimg species ranges from 5.4 m, with an average diameter of 16.3 cm for forests with Juniperus oxycedrus dominance to 7.6 m with an average diameter of 27.1 cm, in the case of Juniperus foetidissima and 6.9 m with an average diameter of 26.2 cm for Juniperus exelsa. Hardwoods dominate in the composition of forests in the reserve. Oak forests cover an area of about 7500 hectares. Large areas are under European ash forests dedicated to wetter conditions in the valleys in the crevices and flattened sheltered gullies. Examples of these types are associated with forests and the dominance of the Caucasian hornbeam, field maple. Carpinus orientalis usually playing a role in the undergrowth juniper stands and oak forests with dominance of pubescent oak forms plantations in clearings. Conifers are dominant in the coastal part of the reserve, and oak forests are basic phytocenoses forming the forest reserve "Utrish".
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Talibov, T., and G. Guliyeva. "Phytocenoses Involved With Juniperus foetidissima Willd. on the Territory of Paradash in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/56/06.
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The article presents the role and phytocenological features of the Foetid Juniper (Juniperus foetidissima Willd.) species in the sparse juniper forest of Paradash Massif in the Julfa District. According to the used literature and our researches, plants with bare seeds in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic are represented by 2 Divisions, 2 Classes, 3 Orders, 3 Families, 7 Genera and 13 Species, 7 of which are related to the cultural flora. According to research in sparse juniper forests in the Paradash Massif, there were not found Species belongin to Pinaceae Adans. Family, but 2 Species of Juniperus L. Genera of Cupressaceae S. F. Gray Family, and only one species named Ephedra procera Fisch. et C. A. Mey. Belonging to the Ephedraceae Dumort family was determined. The dominant Species of the tree tier is Juniperus foetidissima Willd., and the subdominant Species is Pyrus salicifolia Pall. — whenever Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch, together with the willow-leafed pear are multi-fruited Species of Juniper. Counting of the height indicators according to the steps and determination of the trunk diameter of the Juniper tree on the territory of Paradash were given in the counting tables. All formations and associations of phytocenoses in a rocky biotope were discovered and presented.
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Cole, Janet C., and Diane E. Dunn. "Expanded Polystyrene as a Substitute for Perlite in Rooting Substrate." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.1.7.
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Abstract Stem cuttings of rose-of-sharon (Hibiscus syriacus L. ‘Jeanne d'Arc’), barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC. ‘Crimson Pygmy’), juniper (Juniperus horizontalis Moench. ‘Plumosa Compacta’), and arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis L. ‘Woodwardii’) were rooted in substrates consisting of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% (by vol) perlite or expanded polystyrene beads with peat. Percentage of rose-of-sharon cuttings rooted and root ratings were lower with polystyrene than with perlite. Statistically, more barberry cuttings rooted with polystyrene (78.8%) than with perlite (78.3%), but the difference in rooting between polystyrene and perlite was not horticulturally significant. More juniper and arborvitae cuttings rooted with 50% perlite than with other perlite concentrations. Percentage of rooted juniper cuttings decreased but percentage of rooted arborvitae cuttings increased as polystyrene concentration in the substrate increased. More roots and longer roots formed on juniper cuttings with perlite than with the same concentration of polystyrene in the substrate. In contrast, arborvitae cuttings had more roots with 25% perlite than with 25% polystyrene, but arborvitae cuttings in 50%, 75%, or 100% polystyrene had more roots than cuttings in the same concentration of perlite. Results indicate expanded polystyrene is a reasonable substitute for perlite in rooting substrate for barberry, juniper, and arborvitae if appropriate ratios of polystyrene to peat are used.
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Raasmaja, Atso, Ulla Stenius, and Aram Ghalali. "The Water Extract of Juniperus communis L. Induces Cell Death and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Cytostatic Drugs through p53 and PI3K/Akt Pathways." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092054.
Full textAbstract:
Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) is a northern coniferous plant generally used as a spice and for nutritional purposes in foods and drinks. It was previously reported that juniper extract (JE) affects p53 activity, cellular stress, and gene expression induced cell death in human neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, the effects of juniper on p53 and Akt signaling was examined further in A549 lung, 22RV1 and DU145 prostate, and HepG2 liver cancer cells using Western blot, confocal microscopy, and MTT analysis. We found that juniper simultaneously decreased cell viability, activated the p53 pathway, and inactivated the PI3K/Akt pathway. The p53 activation was associated with increased nuclear p53 level. Akt was dephosphorylated, and its inactivation was associated with increased levels of PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 phosphatases. Parallel increases of PARP suggest that JE decreased cell viability by activating cell death. In addition, JE potentiated the effects of gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil anticancer drugs. Thus, JE can activate cell death in different cancer cell lines through p53 and Akt pathways.
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Blythe, Eugene K., Jeff L. Sibley, and John M. Ruter. "CUTTING PROPAGATION WITH AUXIN APPLIED VIA THE ROOTING SUBSTRATE." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 884d—884. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.884d.
Full textAbstract:
Stem cuttings of golden euonymus (Euonymus japonicus `Aureo-marginatus'), shore juniper (Juniperus conferta `Blue Pacific'), white indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica `Alba'), and `Red Cascade' miniature rose (Rosa `Red Cascade') were successfully rooted in plugs of a stabilized organic substrate that had been soaked in aqueous solutions of the potassium salt of indole-3-butyric acid (K-IBA) at 0 to 75 mg·L–1 before inserting the cuttings. Cuttings were rooted under intermittent mist in polyethylene-covered greenhouses with rooting periods appropriate for each species. Rooting percentages showed some increase with increasing auxin concentration with juniper cuttings, but were similar among treatments for the other three species. Number of roots per rooted cutting increased with increasing auxin concentration with cuttings of juniper, Indian hawthorn, and rose, and was greatest using around 60 mg·L-1 K-IBA for cuttings of juniper and Indian hawthorn and 30 to 45 mg·L-1 K-IBA for cuttings of rose.
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Gascho Landis, Andrew M., and John D. Bailey. "Predicting Age of Pinyon and Juniper Using Allometric Relationships." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/21.4.203.
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Abstract Management of pinyon-juniper ecosystems often is hampered by insufficient tree age structure data. We developed allometric relationships based on visible and easily measured tree characteristics as tools for predicting tree age. In this study, we tested tree height, diameter at root collar, and crown radius using both single- and multiple-regression analyses to determine which attributes best correlated with tree age. Because soil type and site productivity often affect growth rates of pinyon and juniper, three common soil types in northern Arizona were assessed to determine variation in regression equations. Stepwise regression analysis determined that height and diameter at root collar of juniper were the best variables for predicting age. For pinyon, crown radius on basalt-derived soil and diameter at root collar on limestone-derived soil were the variables of best fit; however, we suggest using diameter at root collar across all sites. We developed models from these allometric relationships to aid in the management of the pinyon-juniper ecosystem.
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Jennings, Steven A., and Deborah L. Elliott-Fisk. "Packrat Midden Evidence of Late Quaternary Vegetation Change in the White Mountains, California-Nevada." Quaternary Research 39, no. 2 (March 1993): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1024.
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AbstractPackrat (Neotoma spp.) middens from the White Mountains indicate climatic and plant community conditions for the last 19,000 yr. During full-glacial times (ca. 19,000 yr B.P.) and at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary juniper woodlands were 600 m lower in elevation than at present. Midden assemblages and stable-isotope data suggest lower temperatures and increased precipitation relative to the present into the early Holocene. Two early Holocene middens (ca. 8000 yr B.P.) from lower elevations of the White Mountains contain fragments of pinyon pine and indicate that both pinyon and juniper grew at a site that today supports only a pinyon woodland. Two middle Holocene middens (ca. 5000 yr B.P.) indicate that there was an upward migration of pinyon-juniper woodlands along a high-elevation ecotone, but little change in the middle of the pinyon-juniper woodland. Middens from the late Holocene indicate that present-day plant communities were in place by ca. 2000 yr B.P. or before.
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Tang, Jiafei, Frank R. Dunshea, and Hafiz A. R. Suleria. "LC-ESI-QTOF/MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants (Hops and Juniper Berries) and Their Antioxidant Activity." Foods 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9010007.
Full textAbstract:
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and juniper berries (Juniperus communis L.) are two important medicinal plants widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries due to their strong antioxidant capacity, which is attributed to the presence of polyphenols. The present study is conducted to comprehensively characterize polyphenols from hops and juniper berries using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS) to assess their antioxidant capacity. For polyphenol estimation, total phenolic content, flavonoids and tannins were measured, while for antioxidant capacity, three different antioxidant assays including the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay, the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay and the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used. Hops presented the higher phenolic content (23.11 ± 0.03 mg/g dw) which corresponded to its strong antioxidant activity as compared to the juniper berries. Using LC-ESI-QTOF/MS, a total of 148 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in juniper and hops, among which phenolic acids (including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids) and flavonoids (mainly anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavonoids) were the main polyphenols, which may contribute to their antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the HPLC quantitative analysis showed that both samples had a high concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids. In the HPLC quantification, the predominant phenolic acids in hops and juniper berries were chlorogenic acid (16.48 ± 0.03 mg/g dw) and protocatechuic acid (11.46 ± 0.03 mg/g dw), respectively. The obtained results highlight the importance of hops and juniper berries as a rich source of functional ingredients in different food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.