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Journal articles on the topic 'Jury questions'
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Shipp, M. A. "Suggested questions for the jury." Annals of Oncology 9 (1998): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/9.suppl_1.s47.
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Alfyansyah, Gusti, Bustami Bustami, and Fadlisyah Fadlisyah. "IMPLEMENTATION OF LINEAR CONGRUENT METHOD (LCM) ALGORITHM AS A TRAFFICER FOR FAHMIL QUR’AN." TECHSI - Jurnal Teknik Informatika 11, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/techsi.v11i1.1603.
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Fahmil Qur'an is one of the branches of the Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an (MTQ) race. In the Fahmil Quran race, the participants will be given a package of questions - questions that will be tested by the participants' ability to work together when answering questions given by the jury. And the package of questions that are available is printed poorly, allowing the jury to misrepresent the participants. To avoid repetition in giving questions to participants, a system will be built that is able to randomize the questions automatically. Randomizing the question uses a linear congruent method algorithm. In this research there is a system flowchart and manual calculation of the linear congruent method algorithm.
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Diamond, Shari Seidman, and Mary R. Rose. "The Contemporary American Jury." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 14, no. 1 (October 13, 2018): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-110316-113618.
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The contemporary American jury is more inclusive than ever before, although multiple obstacles continue to make racial and ethnic representation a work in progress. Drastic contraction has also occurred: The rate of jury trials is at an all-time low, dampening the signal that jury verdicts provide to the justice system, reducing the opportunity for jury service, and potentially threatening the legitimacy of judgments. At the same time, new areas of jury research have been producing important explanations for how the jury goes about reaching its verdict in response to challenging questions, like how to assess damages. Yet the persistent focus on individual juror judgments as opposed to decision making by the jury as a group leaves unanswered important questions about how jury performance is influenced by a primary distinctive feature of the jury: the deliberation process.
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Насонов, Сергей, and Syergyey Nasonov. "THE EUROPEAN PROCEDURAL MODELS IN JURY TRIALS: JURY TRIAL IN BELGIUM (COMPARATIVE LEGAL RESEARCH)." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 2, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21259.
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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the procedural rules in the jury administered in Belgium in compliance with the Rules adopted in 1878 (with amendments of 2016) as a type of a European model procedure. These features are considered in the comparative legal aspect, in comparison with the same procedure that of the Russian CCP. The article notes that the requirements for candidates for jurors, enshrined in the Code of Criminal Procedure of Belgium, in general, are similar to the Russian requirements. The procedure of drawing up lists of candidates for jury service in Belgium has significant similarities with the Russian, as there is the absence of open (transparent) procedures, which is compensated by the publication of the lists. Features of the Belgian procedure of selecting the jury manifested in the establishment of the rule of gender proportions of the panel, which is not typical for the Russian legislation and practice. The proceeding in the jury trial in Belgium is an example of the continental type of this form of proceeding and its significant differences from the same procedure, enshrined in the Russian CCP are based on this factor. The presiding judge has broad discretion in the field of proving, as all questions set by the parties for interrogated persons are asked through him. The features of the judicial enquiry in jury in Belgium are: the presentation of an indictment and defense objections to the jury, the prohibition to the parties to put questions to the defendant, an extensive research of the personal information of the defendant before the jury. The article notes the specifics of the stages of putting the questions to jury, of charging the jury (the presiding judge don’t address the facts of the case), of the jury deliberations, as jury is obliged to motivate the verdict. The article suggests the possibility of the borrowing of the certain elements of the Belgian model of proceeding into a jury trial of the Russian legislation.
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Oliver, J. Eric, and Raymond E. Wolfinger. "Jury Aversion and Voter Registration." American Political Science Review 93, no. 1 (March 1999): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585766.
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Election officials often say that many Americans do not register to vote for fear of being called to jury duty. The only published study on the topic claims that aversion to jury service depresses turnout by more than seven percentage points. We use questions from the 1991 National Election Studies Pilot Study to ascertain beliefs about the sources of jury lists, and we relate those impressions to registration status. We find that barely half the public professes any knowledge of how juries are chosen, and just 42% believe that they come from voter registration records. Estimations from a multivariate analysis indicate that fear of jury service accounts for less than a one percentage point drop in turnout. We discuss the implications of this finding both for reform proposals and the rational choice theory of turnout.
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Winter, Bodo, Joshua Daguna, and Teenie Matlock. "Metaphor-enriched social cognition and spatial bias in the courtroom." Metaphor and the Social World 8, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.17001.win.
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Abstract It is known that courtroom decisions can be influenced by subtle psychological biases, such as asking leading questions. Informed by metaphor research on the connection between spatial proximity and intimacy (e.g., ‘we are close’, ‘their views are far apart’), this paper reports four experiments that look at the potential role of psychological biases arising from the spatial layout of a courtroom. In particular, we ask the question: Does being close or far to a defendant influence one’s reasoning about who is likely to win or lose a court case? Working with an American (jury-based) legal system as an example, our experiments manipulated the physical distance between the jury box and the defendant’s table as shown on images of a courtroom. Across several manipulations, we discovered that participants judged the defendant to be more likely to win when the defendant’s table was located close to the jury box. These studies are in line with the research on ‘metaphor-enriched social cognition’, showing that the way we talk about relationships in terms of space corresponds to social reasoning in a spatial world.
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BHAT, GIRISH N. "THE PARTICULARS OF GUILT: FINAL QUESTIONS FOR THE JURY UNDER THE 1864 JUDICIAL REFORM." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 38, no. 3 (2004): vii—272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023904x00854.
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Mugno, Allison P., J. Zoe Klemfuss, and Thomas D. Lyon. "Attorney Questions Predict Jury-eligible Adult Assessments of Attorneys, Child Witnesses, and Defendant Guilt." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 34, no. 1 (January 2016): 178–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2214.
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Thaman, Stephen C. "Questions of fact and law in Russian jury trials : the practice of the cassational courts under the jury laws of 1864 and 1993." Revue internationale de droit pénal 72, no. 1 (2001): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ridp.721.0415.
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Spievak, Elizabeth R., and Robert F. Bettler. "An Attributional Sequence Model of Jury Decision Making in Civil Torts." Psychological Reports 105, no. 1 (August 2009): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.1.137-143.
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A jury simulation study was designed to replicate and extend prior research on attributional decision-making sequences in a litigation context. Although previous studies implicated injury severity, causality, responsibility, and punishment, a maximum of three stages in various combinations were tested, and only occasionally in the context of civil litigation. The present effort integrated all four stages into a more inclusive model focused on civil jury decision making. Undergraduate participants ( N = 91) read six case vignettes and responded to attribution questions in each of four categories. Path analyses supported the hypothesized 4-stage attributional sequence.
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Stahl, J. P. "Infections urinaires nosocomiales de l'adulte. Conférence de consensus mercredi 27 novembre 2002. Questions posées au jury." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 33 (September 2003): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(03)00241-5.
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Haralambous, Nicola. "Juries and Extraneous Material: A Question of Integrity." Journal of Criminal Law 71, no. 6 (December 2007): 520–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2007.71.6.520.
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This article challenges the unconditional faith seemingly placed on juries by the judiciary. Despite the prohibition on investigation into jury deliberations, a number of important cases have come to light which invite questions on the extent to which we can be sure that juries follow judicial directions. This article explores the recent case law in which juries may have relied upon extraneous material or other external influences and, finally, briefly compares such impropriety with the use of jurors with specialised knowledge.
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Güzelci, Orkan Zeynel, and Sinan Mert Şener. "An Entropy-Based Design Evaluation Model for Architectural Competitions through Multiple Factors." Entropy 21, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21111064.
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Generally, the evaluations in architectural competitions are based on quality where many criteria are involved. Additionally, many other inter-related criteria, identified by the members of the jury, emerge during jury evaluation. Hence, a great number of criteria play a role, with varying degrees of importance, in the evaluation process. The order of importance and weights of criteria (factors) in the evaluation phases are not fixed and differ according to the approaches of the jury members. The objective of this study is to investigate whether subjective means of evaluation can be associated with an objective and computable evaluation model. Entropy, an objective method used to measure disorder in buildings, offers significant potential in enhancing the comprehensibility of subjective tendencies in jury evaluation of architectural competitions. Previous studies have identified an inverted U relationship between entropy and subjective responses based on single and multiple factors. The Entropy-Based Design Evaluation Model (EBDEM), a method, analyzes the level of objectivity in jury evaluation and questions the predictability of evaluations through examining the relationship between the entropy values of projects and success outcomes. The Weighted Overall Entropy (WOE) was obtained by multiplying multiple factor entropy values with different weight coefficients with the purpose of ranking each project on an inverted U graph similar to jury results. The relationship between WOE values calculated and the ranking of the projects in the competitions were investigated. The findings within this study indicate that there are no relationships between single factor entropy values and ranking of the projects. Additionally, it was found that WOE values calculated for single-competition compared to multiple-competitions were more similar to jury evaluation results.
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Gaffield, Scott M. "Justice Not Done : The Hanging of Elizabeth Workman." Canadian journal of law and society 20, no. 1 (April 2005): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jls.2006.0007.
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RésuméDans l'histoire judiciaire du Canada, une seule femme fut exécutée contre la recommandation du jury : Elizabeth Workman. Pendue en 1873 à Sarnia, en Ontario, cette mère de classe ouvrière et immigrante avait été condamnée du meurtre de son époux. Cet article vise à approfondir notre compréhension de la pendaison d'Elizabeth Workman en répondant à un ensemble de questions reliées : Pourquoi fut-elle condamnée? Pourquoi le jury recommanda-t-il qu'elle soit graciée? Pourquoi cette recommandation ne fut-elle pas acceptée? Pour répondre de manière fondée à ces interrogations, un corpus substantiel de sources primaires et secondaires a été consulté, incluant le dossier judiciaire, des données de recensements, des quotidiens locaux ainsi que des travaux scientifiques plus récents sur le contexte social et légal du procès et de l'exécution. Ces données suggèrent qu'EIizabeth Workman est devenue la seule femme à être exécutée contrairement à la recommandation d'un jury suite à une convergence d'actions individuelles, du contexte social et de la culture et pratique légales.
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Parry, R. Gwynedd. "‘An important obligation of citizenship’: language, citizenship and jury service." Legal Studies 27, no. 2 (June 2007): 188–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2007.00048.x.
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This paper considers whether there should be the power to summon bilingual juries in criminal trials in Ireland and Wales. It will examine the relationship between jury service as an obligation and privilege of citizenship, and the eligibility for jury service of Irish and Welsh speakers as a linguistic group. It will also demonstrate the relationship between the citizenship argument in its collective context and the rights and interests of individual speakers of these languages within the criminal jury trial process. In doing so, it seeks to emphasise that this is a multidimensional issue which requires an evaluation from a combination of perspectives, both collective and individual. It is this combination of perspectives, taken conjunctively, that supports the case for bilingual juries. Moreover, this particular debate has a particular relevance to the wider debate on European citizenship and how Europe views the concept of multilingual citizenship within its constitutional framework. Indeed, it raises fundamental questions about how Europe manages its diverse cultural and linguistic heritage and how speakers of minority languages are integrated on a basis of equality and respect towards their cultural and linguistic autonomy. The paper also addresses the objections to bilingual juries and will explore how the advent of bilingual juries could continue to preserve the random selection principle (the primary objection to bilingual juries) sufficiently to bring about fair, impartial and competent tribunals.
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Entwistle, Vikki, Michael Calnan, and Paul Dieppe. "Consumer involvement in setting the health services research agenda: Persistent questions of value." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 13, no. 3_suppl (October 2008): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2008.007167.
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Interest in consumer involvement in health services research started to gain momentum at around the same time that the MRC Health Services Research Collaboration (HSRC) was established. Consumer involvement was not the focus of a formal research programme within the HSRC, but HSRC members took opportunities to conduct three projects relating to consumer involvement in research agenda-setting activities. These were: (1) a comparison of the focus of published research relating to the management of osteoarthritis of the knee with clinicians’ and patients’ ideas about research priorities; (2) a survey that examined the consumer involvement policies of public- and voluntary-sector organizations that fund health services research in the UK; and (3) a citizens’ jury that was convened to develop priorities for research relating to primary health and social care in the Bristol area. This paper reviews the findings of these projects and highlights the continued need for attention to underlying values in the development and evaluation of future efforts to involve consumers in research agenda setting.
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Shors, Matthew MacKinnon. "United States v. Watts: Unanswered Questions, Acquittal Enhancements, and the Future of Due Process and the American Criminal Jury." Stanford Law Review 50, no. 4 (April 1998): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1229288.
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Goode, Barry. "The American Conquest of Alta California and the Instinct for Justice: The "First" Jury Trial in California." California History 90, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 4–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41936498.
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Friday, Sept. 4. I empanelled to-day the first jury ever summoned in California. The plaintiff and defendant are among the principal citizens of the country. The case was one involving property on the one side, and integrity of character on the other. Its merits had been pretty widely discussed, and had called forth unusual interest. Onethird of the jury were Mexicans, one-third Californians, and the other third Americans. This mixture may have the better answered the ends of justice, but I was apprehensive at one time it would embarrass the proceedings; for the plaintiff spoke in English, the defendant in French, the jury, save the Americans, Spanish, and the witnesses all of the languages known to California. But through the silent attention which prevailed, the tact of Mr. Hartnell, who acted as interpreter, and the absence of young lawyers, we got along very well. The examination of the witnesses lasted five or six hours; I then gave the case to the jury, stating the questions of fact upon which they were to render their verdict. They retired for an hour, and then returned, when the foreman handed in their verdict, which was clear and explicit, though the case itself was rather complicated. To this verdict, both parties bowed without a word of dissent. The inhabitants who witnessed the trial, said it was what they liked—that there could be no bribery in it—that the opinion of twelve honest men should set the case forever at rest. And so it did, though neither party completely triumphed in the issue. One recovered his property, which had been taken from him by mistake, the other his character, which had been slandered by design. If there is anything on earth besides religion for which I would die, it is the right of trial by jury.
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Radelet, Michael L., and G. Ben Cohen. "The Decline of the Judicial Override." Annual Review of Law and Social Science 15, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-101518-042834.
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Since 1972, the Supreme Court has experimented with regulation of the death penalty, seeking the illusive goals of consistency, reliability, and fairness. In this century, the court held that the Sixth Amendment prohibited judges from making findings necessary to impose a death sentence. Separately, the court held that the Eighth Amendment safeguarded evolving standards of decency as measured by national consensus. In this article, we discuss the role of judges in death determinations, identifying jurisdictions that initially (post 1972) allowed judge sentencing and naming the individuals who today remain under judge-imposed death sentences. The decisions guaranteeing a jury determination have so far been applied only to cases that have not undergone initial review in state courts. Key questions remain unresolved, including whether the evolving standards of decency permit the execution of more than 100 individuals who were condemned to death by judges without a jury's death verdict before implementation of the rules that now require unanimous jury votes.
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Lebedev, V. M., and V. V. Demidov. "2. On Certain Questions of the Application by Courts of the Criminal Procedure Norms Regulating Proceedings in a Jury Court." Statutes and Decisions 31, no. 6 (November 1995): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10610014.1995.11502164.
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Lee, Youngjae. "REASONABLE DOUBT AND DISAGREEMENT." Legal Theory 23, no. 4 (December 2017): 203–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325217000180.
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ABSTRACTThe right to trial by jury and the requirement of proof beyond a reasonable doubt are two of the most fundamental commitments of American criminal law. This article asks how the two are related, that is, whether disagreement among jurors implies anything about whether the beyond a reasonable doubt standard has been satisfied: Does the due process requirement of the beyond a reasonable doubt standard also require jury unanimity in criminal cases? Drawing on literature about the epistemological significance of disagreement, this article considers the “equal-weight view” and its implications for the unanimity rule in criminal jury decision-making. The equal-weight view says that, roughly speaking, when people disagree on a topic, each view should be given equal weight. This implies, this article concludes, that the unanimity rule is required as a way of enforcing the beyond a reasonable doubt requirement. This article further concludes, however, that jurors should not always be instructed to apply the equal-weight view in their deliberation. Jurors, when applying crime definitions to particular cases, make determinations about both historical facts and normative issues through moral terms like “reckless,” “unjustifiable,” “depraved,” “cruel,” and “heinous,” which are common in criminal law. This article argues that while the equal-weight view should guide the jurors in determining factual issues, it is not the correct model for moral issues, not only because it would imply that acquittals are appropriate in many cases involving controversial moral questions but also because having the jurors follow it would undermine the basic justification for having the criminal jury as an articulator and enforcer of morality.
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Cavaliere, Davide, Roberto Cirocchi, Federico Coccolini, Anna Fagotti, Massimiliano Fambrini, Orietta Federici, Domenica Lorusso, et al. "1st Evidence-based Italian Consensus Conference on Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Carcinosis from Ovarian Cancer." Tumori Journal 103, no. 6 (April 20, 2017): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/tj.5000623.
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Ovarian cancer (OC) remains relatively rare, although it is among the top 4 causes of cancer death for women younger than 50. The aggressive nature of the disease and its often late diagnosis with peritoneal involvement have an impact on prognosis. The current scientific literature presents ambiguous or uncertain indications for management of peritoneal carcinosis (PC) from OC, both owing to the lack of sufficient scientific data and their heterogeneity or lack of consistency. Therefore, the Italian Society of Surgical Oncology (SICO), the Italian Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the Italian Association of Hospital Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and the Italian Association of Medical Oncology conducted a multidisciplinary consensus conference (CC) on management of advanced OC presenting with PC during the SICO annual meeting in Naples, Italy, on September 10-11, 2015. An expert committee developed questions on diagnosis and staging work-up, indications, and procedural aspects for peritonectomy, systemic chemotherapy, and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for PC from OC. These questions were provided to 6 invited speakers who answered with an evidence-based report. Each report was submitted to a jury panel, representative of Italian experts in the fields of surgical oncology, gynecology, and medical oncology. The jury panel revised the reports before and after the open discussion during the CC. This article is the final document containing the clinical evidence reports and statements, revised and approved by all the authors before submission.
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Lewandowicz-Nosal, Grażyna. "„Stary Noe” Zuzanny Orlińskiej jako przykład współczesnej książki religijnej dla dzieci." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica 5 (May 14, 2018): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/23534583.5.18.
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Stary Noe of Zuzanna Orlińska as an example of modern religious care for children The article presents the figure and achievements of the author and illustrator of children’s books Zuzanna Orlińska. Detailed analyzes were book Old Noah awarded in 2016. Kornel Makuszyński price and highlighted by the jury of PS IBBY. Old Noah is an example of modern adaptation of the Biblical story of the flood. Draws attention to the character of Noah and his relationship with God. The author raises many questions about obedience to God’s will and trust.
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De Ruiter, Jan Jaap, and Mona Farrag Attwa. "Allah, Allah, Allah: The Role of God in the Arab Version of The Voice." Religions 12, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12060412.
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This article discusses Arabic expressions referring to God, such as inshallah, mashallah, and alhamdulillah in the 2014 season of the Arab version of the talent show The Voice. It discusses the question to what extent these expressions are used by the various actors in the show, in particular its four jury members and three presenters, and it tries to explain why they use them and to what purpose. The analysis is set against the background of the question what the relationship is between ‘language’ (in this case, the various varieties of Arabic) and ‘religion’ (in this case, Christianity and Islam). The analysis yielded nearly 40 Arabic expressions referring to God (Allah or Rabb (Lord)) that together showed up more than 600 times in the 10 episodes of the show that were the object of analysis. The conclusion is that the expressions indeed have ‘religious’ roots but that they have at the same time become part and parcel of not necessarily religiously intended speaking styles expressing all kind of feelings, such as astonishment, surprise, disappointment, etc. This conclusion goes well with observations made in earlier research on the questions at stake.
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Ghimouz, Rym, Siobhan O’Sullivan, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, and Luciana Aparecida Campos. "Bang the gavel: animal experimentation on trial—an interdisciplinary mock trial at the school of health sciences." Advances in Physiology Education 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00171.2020.
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Active learning activities offer opportunities for medical students to facilitate the retention of knowledge and develop soft skills. We aimed to create a guide for an interdisciplinary mock trial learning activity within the medical curriculum of the College of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University—Laureate International Universities, Sao Paulo, Brazil. We designed an “Animal Experimentation Mock Trial” in which students are coached to search for scientific, legal, and ethical arguments pro and contra animal experimentation in medical research. The mock trial is prepared and staged with student teams to play the 1) presiding judge, 2) the plaintiff’s attorney and expert witnesses contra animal research, 3) the defense attorney and expert witnesses pro animal research, and 4) the jury. The plaintiff and defense teams made presentations, and between each presentation the jury put questions to presenters (cross-examination). The jury team gave two evaluation scores after the plaintiff’s presentation and then after the defense presentation. The formal feedback for this active learning activity indicated that students expressed satisfaction with the teaching strategies employed in the course. The mock trial with the lesson plan provides a learning mean to exemplify the complex relationship between animal experimentation, medical evidence, ethics, and law/regulations. This mock trial helps medical students to develop their soft skills, such as the ability to collaborate and also to recognize the limits of their own knowledge, important for professional development. The importance of interdisciplinary discussions is demonstrated by increasing the awareness of the multidisciplinary aspect of animal research.
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Manzo, John F. "“You Wouldn't Take a Seven-Year-Old and Ask Him All These Questions”: Jurors' Use of Practical Reasoning in Supporting Their Arguments." Law & Social Inquiry 19, no. 03 (1994): 639–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1994.tb00776.x.
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In ordinary conversation, speakers are often called on to defend their assertions. In talk that takes place in institutional settings, speakers must often account for their claims as well. This study concerns the methods of argumentative support employed by participants in a particular institutional setting: jury deliberations. Micro-interactional analysis of transcripts of two actual deliberations—using the theore tical and methodological perspectives of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis-reveals that when jurors present defenses or accounts of their positions, they often reference mundane experience and practical reasoning. Jurors do not, then, merely weigh strictly “legal” considerations. Three of the jurors' discursive methods are scrutinized: Normative assertions, claims of expertise, and declarations of knowledge. These techniques serve not only to establish “evidence” in support of a juror's position but also to deflect other jurors' disagreement
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SHATS, KATHERINE, TIMOTHY BRINDLEY, and JAMES GIORDANO. "Don’t Ask a Neuroscientist about Phases of the Moon." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 25, no. 4 (September 16, 2016): 712–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180116000438.
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Abstract:Ongoing developments in neuroscientific techniques and technologies—such as neuroimaging—offer potential for greater insight into human behavior and have fostered temptation to use these approaches in legal contexts. Neuroscientists are increasingly called on to provide expert testimony, interpret brain images, and thereby inform judges and juries who are tasked with determining the guilt or innocence of an individual. In this essay, we draw attention to the actual capabilities and limitations of currently available assessment neurotechnologies and examine whether neuroscientific evidence presents unique challenges to existing frameworks of evidence law. In particular, we focus on (1) fundamental questions of relevance and admissibility that can and should be posed before the tests afforded in Daubert v. Merrill Dow Pharmaceuticals or Frye v. U.S. are applied and (2) how these considerations fit into the broader contexts of criminal law. We contend that neuroscientific evidence must first be scrutinized more heavily for its relevance, within Daubert and Federal Rule of Evidence 702, to ensure that the right questions are asked of neuroscientists, so as to enable expert interpretation of neuroscientific evidence within the limits of their knowledge and discipline that allows the judge or jury to determine the facts at issue in the case. We use the analogy provided by the Daubert court of an expert on the phases of the moon testifying to an individual’s behavior on a particular night to ensure that we are, in fact, asking the neuroscientific expert the appropriate question.
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Farhan, Muhammad, Eficandra Eficandra, and Roni Efendi. "IMPLEMENTASI SURAT EDARAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2015 PADA PENGADILAN AGAMA SAWAHLUNTO." JURIS (Jurnal Ilmiah Syariah) 19, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/juris.v19i2.2234.
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The urgency of this research is to examine the implementation of the Supreme of the Court Circular Number 3 2015 on the addition of livelihoods for children from 10% to 20% per year. Since the determination Supreme of the Court Circular in the Family Court of Sawahlunto, in 2018 were 7 decisions have been made, 3 to applicated and 4 doesn’t. The inequality when considering the jury leads to three fundamental questions: What is the position of Supreme of the Court Circular in the concept of the positivist legal philosophy? What are the Judges considerations to implementing and not implementing Supreme of the Court Circular? Howabout the Islamic Law perspective to Supreme of the Court Circular in terms of adding child livelihood? To answer the object of research, the implementation Supreme of the Court Circular Family Court Sawahlunto is extensively examined as sociological/ empirical legal research. The results of this research philosophically Supreme of the Court Circular is a harmonization between Islamic law and positive law, on the condition that Supreme of the Court Circular offers the jury a guarantee of legal certainty when deciding on the addition of a child. Consideration of the jury in the implementation of Supreme of the Court Circular to ensure that children's livelihoods are met in terms of economic needs that further improve and maintain descendant relationships for those who do not implement Supreme of the Court Circular due to the limited ability of their fathers. Supreme of the Court Circular’s perspective on Islamic law regarding the addition of a child at 10% to 20% per year is relevant to the problem of the Maslahah Mursalah, which is to maintain hereditary relationships.
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Weis, Paul. "Voprosy grazhdanstva v mezhdunarodnom prave (Questions of citizenship in international law). By Jury R. Bojarc. Moscow: “International Relations,” 1980. Pp. 158. 70 kopeks." American Journal of International Law 84, no. 1 (January 1990): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203042.
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Kaasa, Adam. "Unequal Ideas: Reflections on Designing Politics, an Urban Ideas Competition in Rio de Janeiro." Design Issues 35, no. 4 (September 2019): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00564.
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This article initiates a discussion about the unequal geography of the labor that challenges institutions and processes of public scholarship in design. The comparison between the urban competitions in New York, London, and Rio de Janeiro demonstrates that it was only in the Global South that challenges to the technology of the competition were raised. These challenges were based on issues of power imbalances between institutions both within and between the Global North and Global South, and around questions of the social inequalities embedded in the structures of the competition itself (the submissions, the jury, the exhibition). Through this analysis, the article suggests that the burden of labor for decolonizing rests on those already oppressed by systems embedded in the continuous presence of colonialism.
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Chaemsaithong, Krisda. "Dialogic features and interpersonal management in the early courtroom action game." Language and Dialogue 8, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00021.cha.
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Abstract There are certain areas where present-day studies of language use can learn from history. Using a dialogue-analytic approach, this study investigates dialogic features and interpersonal management in the early English courtroom. Drawing upon a corpus of 81 opening statements from the Proceedings of the Old Bailey (1759–1799), the quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals that this courtroom action game is highly dialogic and that an active jury was significantly presupposed in this particular historical setting. The lawyers consistently endeavored to solicit solidarity and in-groupness through pronominal choices, and to argumentatively negotiate agreement and secure consent through directives, shared knowledge markers, asides, and questions. The findings testify to the central role of dialogism and interpersonal negotiation in historical courtroom action games.
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Canning, Patricia, Yufang Ho, and Sara Bartl. "Worlds of evidence." English Text Construction 14, no. 1 (September 15, 2021): 25–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.00042.can.
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Abstract The Hillsborough football stadium disaster (1989) in Sheffield, UK, led to the deaths of 96 football fans and resulted in the longest jury case in British legal history (2016). This article examines the witness statements of two Sheffield residents who claim to have attended the match. Using a mixed-methods approach that incorporates a cognitive linguistic framework (Text World Theory) with visualisation software (VUE) we consider both form and function of a number of linguistic features, such as meta-narrative, evaluative lexis, syntax, and modality to investigate how institutional voices permeate and potentially distort layperson narratives. Our analysis casts doubt on the veracity of the statements and raises questions about what can be considered evidential in a forensic investigation.
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Sood, Avani Mehta. "What’s So Special About General Verdicts? Questioning the Preferred Verdict Format in American Criminal Jury Trials." Theoretical Inquiries in Law 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/til-2021-0017.
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Abstract Criminal juries in the United States typically deliver their decisions through a “general verdict,” expressing only their ultimate conclusion of “guilty” or “not guilty,” rather than through a “special verdict” that identifies whether each element of the charged crime has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt. American courts have broadly favored the use of general verdicts in criminal cases due to concerns that the special verdict will curtail the jury’s decision-making autonomy, including its power to nullify the law in favor of the defense, potentially undermining the criminal defendant’s constitutional right to trial by jury. This Article confronts the legal status quo on verdict format and its underlying, untested assumptions. Drawing upon prior psychology findings and legal professionals’ anecdotal observations, it questions whether the general verdict poses its own under-acknowledged threats to the rights of criminal defendants and the decision-making agency of jurors. While the more guided special verdict format is presumed to threaten nullifying acquittals, the unguided general verdict format might be enabling convictions that violate constitutional norms of due process, impartial adjudication, and equal protection. Given the high-stakes values potentially implicated in the choice of verdict format in criminal cases, it is time to put the conventional wisdom in favor of general verdicts to an empirical test. This Article therefore proposes a methodological framework for investigating whether the legal status quo accurately reflects (1) current stakeholders’ preferences and predictions, and (2) experimentally testable legal and cognitive effects of general versus special verdicts in lay determinations of criminal liability. A data-informed understanding is needed to assess whether the general verdict is optimizing the integrity, fairness, and constitutionality of criminal jury decision making.
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Rhoades, Timothy P., J. Paul Frantz, Donald P. Horst, J. Paul Frantz, Kenneth R. Laughery, and Jerry L. Purswell. "Examining the Value of Expert Testimony regarding Warnings." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 16 (October 1995): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901603.
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This alternative format session is designed to examine the value of expert testimony related to warnings. Specific objectives of the session include informing HFES members of the views of some members of the legal community who question the value and appropriateness of expert testimony regarding warnings; identifying appropriate responses to such positions; discussing the basic role that experts play in assisting the litigation process; and describing and discussing the perceptions and experiences of HFES members regarding the value of their activities in forensic matters. This session begins with a brief description of articles authored by an attorney, William Hardie, whose position is summarized by the following statement: The defendant should try to exclude all opinion evidence on warnings, leaving the evaluation of the warnings to the jury and lawyer's arguments…. The legal principles applicable to liability for failure to warn were developed by courts without the benefit of communication theorists. These legal principles are based on common sense, fairness, and the knowledge of ordinary people. In this spirit, juries are not well served by witnesses who are nothing more than professional advocates. (Hardie, 1991) Session participants will respond to the above general proposition as well as other specific questions underlying Hardie's position and their own experiences as testifying experts. After participants answer directed questions, the format will allow for directed discussion between participants. Finally, the chair will attempt to articulate the common ground and differences between positions and solicit comments from the audience. For those unable to attend the session but interested in the issue, below are articles authored by Hardie and referenced in this session:
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Johnson, Shawn A. "Brookshire Brothers v. Aldridge." Texas A&M Law Review 3, no. 2 (September 2015): 445–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v3.i2.8.
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In July 2014, the Texas Supreme Court issued a new framework for analyzing and remedying the destruction of evidence, holding that spoliation jury instructions are warranted only when a trial court finds that a party acted with the specific intent to conceal discoverable evidence or that a party’s negligent destruction wholly prevented another from presenting a claim or defense. The Court addressed whether the trial court abused its discretion in submitting a spoliation instruction in a slip-and-fall case in which the defendant premises owner retained only eight minutes of video of the plaintiff’s fall and allowed the remaining footage to erase automatically. Although the Court recognized that a party’s willful blindness is sufficient to satisfy the intent requirement, according to critics, the Court’s application of the rule raises questions about the actions constituting willful blindness in the spoliation context and will likely invite parties to freely destroy relevant evidence without fearing a spoliation instruction or other harsh sanction. Although a thorough analysis of Texas spoliation law shows that the Brookshire framework largely follows the Trevino test previously used by a majority of Texas courts, the Court’s application of the framework indicates that spoliation instructions will now be nearly impossible for litigants to obtain.
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DeRogatis, Amy. "What Would Jesus Do? Sexuality and Salvation in Protestant Evangelical Sex Manuals, 1950s to the Present." Church History 74, no. 1 (March 2005): 97–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640700109679.
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When President Bill Clinton testified before a Grand Jury hearing on August 17, 1998 that he “did not have sexual intercourse with that woman, Miss Lewinsky,” the American public learned at least two important lessons. First, the definition of sex was debatable and second, the authority to define sex as sexual intercourse was the crucial factor in the meaning of that pesky verb “is.” The questions of what is sex and, more importantly, who defines it have been studied and discussed thoroughly by scholars of U.S. history and culture. In American popular culture the social scientific findings published in the Kinsey Reports (1948, 1953) and William H. Masters and Virginia E. Johnson's Human Sexual Response (1966) provided information (or “scientific facts”) for lay people regarding the diversity and possibility of human sexual expression: what sex “is.” The growing awareness since the late 1950s that sex is more than one specific act has led many people to question whether sex as we learn it from our parents, teachers, clergy, friends, books, and science is “natural” (a matter of biological response) or socially constructed (a matter of cultural control). Opinions vary, tempers flare, and the mountain of sex advice manuals available at local bookstores attests to the U.S. public's insatiable appetite for knowledge about sex.
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Davey, James, and John Coggon. "LIFE ASSURANCE AND CONSENSUAL DEATH: LAW MAKING FOR THE RATIONALLY SUICIDAL." Cambridge Law Journal 65, no. 3 (November 23, 2006): 521–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197306007215.
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DIFFICULT questions of medical ethics are often made more complex in the real world by the intrusion of private law considerations. The end of life choices of a mentally competent but terminally ill patient may be influenced by the consequences for the financial well being of surviving dependants. In particular, attention is likely to be given to the effect on any life insurance cover in place. For many this will represent the greatest financial asset contingent on death. There has been considerable debate as to the proper response of public law to these issues, in both the criminal and regulatory fields. However, the prosecutorial, judicial and jury discretions that bound these rules limit their impact in practice. By contrast, the private law principles that govern the distribution of assets on death have been largely overlooked. This article redresses that imbalance.
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Strohm, Paul. "Trade, Treason, and the Murder of Janus Imperial." Journal of British Studies 35, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386094.
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The written record begins with the discovery of a body and the supposition of an unsolved crime. “It happened,” in the laconic words of the coroner's inquest, “that a certain Janus Imperial of Genoa lay slain.” The murder had occurred the night before, on August 26, 1379, in St. Nicholas Acton Lane, before Imperial's London residence. Arriving to view the body, the coroner and sheriffs gathered a jury from among men of Langbourne and adjacent wards and set about to determine how and in what way this foreign merchant met his death.The jury's inquest was only the first step in an inquiry that would ultimately involve the mayor of London, the court of the king's bench, a second jury, the king and his council, and Parliament itself. So, too, did questions of motive and interest spool out from this seemingly random act to embrace the ambitions of London's mercantile elite, vicissitudes of royal finance, and the future and locus of the international wool trade. Starting with an apparent insufficiency of evidence, this investigation eventually found itself knee-deep in pertinent information, plausible motives, and likely suspects. Although it finally stumbled to a sort of stopping point, it never really achieved a satisfactory end.The original investigation offers suggestive analogies to the task of historical reconstruction. The would-be historian is, like the crime's contemporaries, challenged to arrange known details into a coherent narration—and, as new elements emerge, into revised renarrations. The historian's location outside the crime's own participatory pattern is one of weakness and strength.
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Gertner, Nancy, and Joseph Sanders. "Alternatives to Traditional Adversary Methods of Presenting Scientific Expertise in the Legal System." Daedalus 147, no. 4 (October 2018): 135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00525.
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The twin goals of any litigation are to arrive at a correct outcome and provide the parties with a sense that they were treated justly, even if they do not prevail. Adversarial proceedings are often perceived to be superior to inquisitorial proceedings with respect to the second goal but inferior with respect to the first. This is especially the case when proceedings involve expert testimony. In this essay, we discuss several relatively minor changes to typical adversarial processes that offer the potential of improving trial accuracy without disrupting the overall structure of adversarial proceedings. These changes include 1) alterations to the organization of the trial, including concurrent expert testimony; 2) alterations to the role of the jury, including taking notes, asking questions, and receiving written expert reports; and 3) formal expert witness codes of conduct designed to better arm experts to resist the adversarial pressures that lead to biased testimony.
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Hallett, Nicholas. "Psychiatric evidence in Diminished Responsibility." Journal of Criminal Law 82, no. 6 (September 25, 2018): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018318801677.
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Diminished Responsibility is a statutory partial defence to the charge of murder in the Homicide Act 1957 which has been amended by the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. In R v Brennan, the Court of Appeal described the new criteria as relating ‘entirely to psychiatric matters’. This article will explore to what extent such a conclusion is warranted. The statutory wording of the 2009 Act will be analysed and the role of expert psychiatric evidence will be considered. It will conclude that the new Diminished Responsibility is not a purely psychiatric matter. This is because of the moral dimensions inherent in the defence, the ambiguity in the statutory wording and the fundamental problems of psychiatry usurping the function of the jury in relation to the ultimate issue. This results in inconsistent application and role confusion in relation to the defence and asks psychiatric evidence questions it cannot answer.
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Cantrell, Tom. "‘In the doc’: Acting Processes in Brian Hill's Docudrama, Consent." Journal of British Cinema and Television 13, no. 3 (July 2016): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2016.0324.
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This article explores Brian Hill's award-winning docudrama, Consent, from the point of view of the actor. Consideration of actors’ processes has remained conspicuously absent in analyses of docudrama or documentary television. To redress this balance, this article is based on new interview material with Anna Madeley, one of the two leading actors in the piece. A complex blend of fact and fiction, Consent follows a fictional rape trial from the rape itself, the reporting of the attack to the police, the victim's visit to a doctor, through to the court case, the jury's deliberations and the judge's verdict. Actors Anna Madeley and Daniel Mays played the victim and perpetrator, but all of the professionals with whom they came into contact – the police, medical professionals, lawyers, judge, court staff and jury members – were played by real people in their professional capacity. To facilitate a consideration of the actor's perspective, Anna Madeley's acting processes are explored in detail, with particular focus on her use of memory and recollection, and on her experience of improvisation and the question of agency that the project prompts. This approach demonstrates the value of placing actors’ experiences at the heart of research into television performance, as well as raising searching questions about the way that we understand and codify performance in docudrama.
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Russell, Brenda L., Laurie Ragatz, and Shane Kraus. "Self-Defense and Legal Decision Making: The Role of Defendant and Victim Gender and Gender-Neutral Expert Testimony of the Battered Partner’s Syndrome." Partner Abuse 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.1.4.399.
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This study investigated the influence of defendant characteristics, expert testimony, self-defense elements, and battered partner attributes on conviction in a homicide trial. An online sample of 442 U.S. mock jurors evaluated a self-defense scenario, provided a verdict, and answered questions pertaining to defendant culpability, legal elements, and battered partner attributes. Results showed that heterosexual female defendants were most likely to meet legal requirements of self-defense. Female participants were more likely to believe that heterosexual female defendants exhibited attributes associated with the battered partner’s syndrome (i.e., suffered from abuse and learned helplessness). Male participants were less likely to believe that homosexual male defendants suffered from attributes associated with the syndrome. There were no effects of expert testimony on the battered partner’s syndrome. Logistic regression analysis indicated that self-defense legal elements and belief that the defendant should have left the abusive relationship predicted greater likelihood of conviction. Limitations and implications for jury selection and attorney arguments are discussed.
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Moore, Angela D. "False Memories and Young Child Witnesses." New Criminal Law Review 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2016.19.1.125.
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This article looks at the problems presented by admitting statements made by young children at trial. Over time, presumed chronological thresholds for incompetence have all but disappeared in favor of general rules of competence that are agnostic about the reality of children’s susceptibility to develop false memories. Although the standard of competence requires a witness to understand the burden to tell the truth of what was witnessed, it does not adjust to accommodate the suggestibility of young children and their susceptibility to rumor, which has been shown in numerous studies in the field of developmental psychology. Especially troubling is a common rule that allows leading questions to be asked of children to elicit specific witness statements. Widening the scope of incompetence to react to social science understandings of the reliability of children’s statements poses too high an administrative burden. Instead, expert witnesses and jury instructions—which speak to credibility instead of competence—should be available to address social science findings.
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Sabbah, Sabah Salman. "The Factors that Affect Qatari College Students’ Motivation and Attitudes to Learn English." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n1p259.
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AbstractThis qualitative study investigated the factors that affected the motivation and receptivity of English as a second language of female students who enrolled in the English Language center of the Foundation Program in the Community College of Qatar in the academic year 2015/2016. Besides, the study attempted to identify the mechanisms that are used by families, teachers, college administrators, and classmates that motivate or demotivate the students. Finally, the study tried to identify how the classroom environment impacted students’ motivation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 students in different ESL levels in which the participants were asked different questions related to the impact of five dimensions on the respondents’ motivation to learn English. These dimensions are concerned about family impact, teachers’ impact, administrators’ impact, classmates’ impact, and impact of the respondents’ willingness and goals to learn the target language. The questions were validated by a jury of five specialists in teaching and educational psychology prior to the interviews. The interviews were recorded, transliterated, and analyzed manually and by Atlas.it software. Codes and categories were established based on the interviews. Frequencies of words, verbs and adjectives used by the respondents in their talk, were calculated. Results showed that students’ were affected by all the above-mentioned dimensions at different proportions. The results also depicted the importance of the necessity to provide help, encouragement and emotional support to students by their socio-cultural relationships with their families, teachers, administrators and classmates.
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Mackenzie, Elizabeth, Emily Chalmers, Colin Wastell, Piers Duncan, and Matthew Roberts. "Choice and Background Knowledge: How do Individuals Evaluate Accumulating Evidence in A Murder Scenario?" International Journal of Psychological Studies 10, no. 2 (April 2, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v10n2p1.
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Can the simple act of selecting a possible suspect of a crime bias the evaluation of the evidence? Does the typicality of the crime impact the assessment of guilt of a suspect? In two experiments, we examine these two questions and find some remarkable results with implications for law enforcement and jury deliberation. Experiment 1 data show that by allowing participants to choose a most-likely-perpetrator, guilt ratings were substantially higher compared to participants who were not allowed to make a choice. This difference persisted after reading a further body of incriminating evidence. In experiment 2 participants were provided with general and specific background information relevant to a suspect, in other words how common was the crime-suspect scenario. When provided with high plausibility compared to low plausibility information, participants gave higher guilt ratings that persisted after further evidence. The results are interpreted in terms of argument theory which provides a parsimonious explanation of the data. These results have implications for the conduct of investigations, for example: putting in place procedures that minimize the effects of suspect prioritization and background information.
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Loist, Skadi. "Teaching European cinema." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 14 (January 24, 2018): 160–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.14.09.
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The “Teaching European Cinema” dossier has grown out of the European University Film Award (EUFA) project that was initiated in 2016 by Filmfest Hamburg in collaboration with the European Film Academy (EFA) and the European Network for Cinema and Media Studies (NECS). In its second edition in 2017, the EUFA connected twenty European universities in a common teaching project in which five nominated films were analysed and discussed in courses of the respective universities. Subsequently, one student representative per country joined the three-day student jury deliberation in Hamburg and voted for the final EUFA winner. In 2016, Ken Loach’s I, Daniel Blake (2016) won the inaugural EUFA; in 2017, Guðmundur Arnar Guðmundsson’s Heartstone (Hjartasteinn, 2016) was awarded the prize. The dossier works on different levels: first, it aims to present the EUFA project to a wider public; second, it promotes an exchange among the participating colleagues; and third, it operates as a teaching dossier for scholars within the wider field of European film and media studies to discuss questions of how best to teach contemporary European cinema.
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Rossi, Paolo Giorgi, Francesca Carozzi, Antonio Federici, Guglielmo Ronco, Marco Zappa, and Silvia Franceschi. "PP046 Screening In Women Vaccinated Against Human Papillomavirus: Governing Innovation." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317002306.
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INTRODUCTION:In Italy, the cohorts of women who were offered Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in 2007/08 will reach the age for cervical cancer (CC) screening from 2017. According to the National Prevention Plan 2014–18, HPV-based screening must be implemented for women ≥30 years old, following the Italian Health Technology Assessment (HTA) report recommendations (1). The simultaneous shift from cytology-based screening to HPV test-based screening gives the opportunity for unprecedented reorganisation of CC prevention.METHODS:The National Screening Monitoring Centre and the Italian Group for Cervical Screening, following a commitment by the Italian the Ministry of Health (MoH), identified the consensus conference as the most suitable method for addressing this topic. The objective was defining the best screening methods in girls vaccinated against HPV and the knowledge needs for defining evidence-based screening strategies. During the consensus celebration (24 November 2015) a jury made recommendations about questions and proposals formulated by a panel of experts representative of Italian scientific societies involved in CC prevention and based on systematic reviews (2).RESULTS:The jury considered changing the screening protocols for girls vaccinated in their 12th year as appropriate. Tailored screening protocols based on vaccination status could be replaced by “one size fits all” protocols only when a herd immunity effect has been reached. Vaccinated women should start screening at age 30, instead of 25, with the HPV test. Furthermore, there is a strong rationale for applying longer intervals for re-screening HPV negative women than the currently recommended 5 years, but research is needed to determine the optimal screening time points. For non-vaccinated women and for women vaccinated in their 15th year or later, the current protocol should be kept.CONCLUSIONS:As further action, in 2016 the Ministry of Health funded a Health Technology Assessment program of the new screening protocol proposed by the consensus conference and a cohort study for determining a safe interval in vaccinated women.
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Hansson, Nils, Peter M. Nilsson, Heiner Fangerau, and Jonatan Wistrand. "The enactment of physician-authors in Nobel Prize nominations." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): e0242498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242498.
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Several physicians have been nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature, but so far none of them have received it. Because physicians as women and men of letters have been a major topic of feuilletons, seminars and books for many years, questions arise to what extent medicine was a topic in the proposals for the Nobel Prize and in the Nobel jury evaluations: how were the nominees enacted (or not) as physicians, and why were none of them awarded? Drawing on nomination letters and evaluations by the Nobel committee for literature collected in the archive of the Swedish Academy in Stockholm, this article offers a first overview of nominated physician-author candidates. The focus is on the Austrian historian of medicine Max Neuburger (1868–1955), the German novelist Hans Carossa (1878–1956), and the German poet Gottfried Benn (1886–1956), but it also briefly takes further physician-author nominees into account such as Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and William Somerset Maugham (1874–1965). The article is part of an interdisciplinary medical humanities project that analyses nominations and committee reports for physicians and natural scientists nominated for the Nobel Prize from 1901 to 1970.
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Arwood, Laura. "Teaching Cell Biology to Nonscience Majors Through Forensics, or How to Design a Killer Course." Cell Biology Education 3, no. 2 (June 2004): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.03-12-0023.
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Nonscience majors often do not respond to traditional lecture-only biology courses. However, these students still need exposure to basic biological concepts. To accomplish this goal, forensic science was paired with compatible cell biology subjects. Several topics such as human development and molecular biology were found to fulfill this purpose. Another goal was to maximize the hands-on experience of the nonscience major students. This objective was fulfilled by specific activities such as fingerprinting and DNA typing. One particularly effective teaching tool was a mock murder mystery complete with a Grand Jury trial. Another objective was to improve students' attitudes toward science. This was successful in that students felt more confident in their own scientific abilities after taking the course. In pre/post tests, students answered four questions about their ability to conduct science. All four statements showed a positive shift after the course (p values ranging from .001 to .036, df = 23; n = 24). The emphasis on experiential pedagogy was also shown to increase critical thinking skills. In pre / post testing, students in this course significantly their performance on critical thinking assessment tests from 33.3% correct to 45.3% (p = .008, df = 4; n = 24).
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Hughes, David A. "9/11 Truth and the Silence of the IR Discipline." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 45, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375419898334.
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International Relations (IR) scholars uncritically accept the official narrative regarding the events of 9/11 and refuse to examine the massive body of evidence generated by the 9/11 truth movement. Nevertheless, as calls for a new inquiry into the events of 9/11 continue to mount, with the International 9/11 Consensus Panel and World Trade Centre Building 7 Evaluation inquiries having recently published their findings, and with a U.S. Federal Grand Jury on 9/11 having been announced, now would be an opportune moment for IR scholars to start taking the claims of 9/11 truth seriously. A survey of the 9/11 truth literature reveals that the official 9/11 narrative cannot be supported at multiple levels. Two planes did not bring down three towers in New York. There is no hard evidence that Muslims were responsible for 9/11 other than in a patsy capacity. Various U.S. government agencies appear to have had foreknowledge of the events and to have covered up evidence. Important questions regarding the hijacked planes need answering, as do questions about the complicity of the mainstream media in 9/11. IR scholars avoid looking at evidence regarding the events of 9/11 for several reasons. They may be taken in by the weaponized term, “conspiracy theory.” A taboo on questioning the ruling structures of society means that individuals do not wish to fall outside the spectrum of acceptable opinion. Entertaining the possibility that 9/11 was a false flag requires Westerners to reject fundamental assumptions that they have been socialized to accept since birth. The “War on Terror” has created a neo-McCarthyite environment in which freedom to speak out has been stifled. Yet, if IR scholars are serious about truth, the first place they need to start is 9/11 truth.