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1
Julian, Robert F. "The role of the judge and jury in complex trials." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2008. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28172.
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This thesis examines the mode of trial concerns in the U.S.A., New York State, California, England and Wales and Canada --specifically the ability of the jury to comprehend complex cases and the perception/reality that bench trials may not be as fair as jury trials. Defining complex cases as those involving serious fraud indictments, capital murder trials, and lawsuits or indictments against corporations and their managers, the thesis examines problems associated with jury trials in such cases. It evaluates the comparative law and customs and practices regarding the use of juries, emphasizing problems with jury selection, deficits in jury deliberation and post trial problems associated with jury verdicts. The thesis also evaluates the judge only trial, attempting to determine whether a state imposed non jury trial in a criminal case as is presently proposed in the England and Wales Parliament creates an unfairness to the defendant because bench trials significantly differ from jury trials in the application of the rules of evidence and in the role of the judge. The thesis reports on the results of a survey of New York State trial judges, a like survey of New York State lawyers, and the opinions of nine England and Wales judges authorized to try serious fraud cases who were interviewed regarding these issues. The surveys and interviews finds that there is a high degree of support for jury verdicts expressed by the judges, examines evidentiary and pretrial practices in both modes of trial and attempts to evaluate whether claims of procedural flaws and prejudice in bench trials by respected academics are accurate. The thesis concludes by affirming the competence of juries to try complex cases, proposing modifications to post jury verdict procedures to evaluate jury misconduct and advocating that the bench trial evidentiary rules and conduct rules become comparable to the jury trial. The thesis recommends that mode of trial choices be given to the defendant, advocates that when a bench trial is selected that peremptory challenges of the trial judge be permitted and postulates that these reforms will make the bench trial a more attractive alternative to the jury trial in complex cases.
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Hall, James Patrick. "An Empirical Study of Appointed Counsel Effectiveness in Jury Trials." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/61.
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Anecdotal evidence supports the belief among indigent individuals who are assigned defense counsel that they would be better represented by privately retained counsel. This perspective jeopardizes attorney effectiveness by reducing communication and trust between the attorney and client. Research on the effectiveness of counsel is sparse. The purpose of this quantitative study was to bridge this gap in knowledge by comparing the effectiveness of privately retained and publicly appointed counsel between 2008 and 2013, both before and after the imposition of state-wide compensation limitations on publicly appointed defense counsel. The theoretical framework was Stuntz's theory, which stresses that one part of the criminal justice system will be compensated for elsewhere in the system. Research questions focused on the success rates of publicly funded and privately retained counsel in jury trials in a large state district court in New England. Data were collected from court records and analyzed using tests of proportions and a binary logistic regression to determine the success rates of the types of counsel and whether appointed counsels' relative effectiveness changed after the compensation limitations were imposed in 2011. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in acquittal rates between counsel groups or for either counsel group before and after the imposition of the statewide compensation limits. Implications for positive social change include educating defendants on the effectiveness of publicly appointed counsel to enhance the trust within these attorney-client relationships, and improving the quality of discourse in legislative deliberations focused on weighing budget cuts to appointed counsel compensation with the risk to the fair administration of justice.
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Terrance, Cheryl A. (Cheryl Ann) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Jury simulation; the construction of victims in the courtroom." Ottawa, 2000.
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Korda, Catherine J. "Biases toward defendants in joint criminal trials." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1018.
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Under the Criminal Code Compilation Act 1913 (WA), any number of individuals may be joined as co-defendants in a single trial, fanning a situation known as a joint trial. The charge/s against each defendant are considered separately and given a separate verdict by the jury. There is considerable debate in the legal arena as to the utility of joint trials, although to date little empirical research exists to substantiate any of the claims made. The present study aimed to contribute to the sparse knowledge base on joint trials by examining the impact of evidence strength on juror decision making in joint and single trials of the same defendant. Sixty mock juror university students were required to listen to an audiotaped trial summary about a hypothetical assault case that followed the same procedure as would be followed in Australian criminal courts. Evidence strength was manipulated so that defendant A had relatively weak and circumstantial evidence implicating him in the offence, and defendant B had very strong, substantive evidence implicating him in the offence. Two pilot studies confirmed that this manipulation was successful. The participants were assigned to one of three conditions - the single trial of defendant A, the single trial of defendant B, or the joint trial of defendants A and B. After listening to the trial summary, the participants were then required to give a verdict for the defendant/s, and rate the strength of the prosecution and defence evidence presented for the defendant/s. The hypothesis that the effect of joining their trials will be different for defendants A and B in terms of the proportion of guilty verdicts rendered for each defendant was supported. It was found that defendant A was significantly more likely to be found guilty in the joined condition than in the single condition (p < .05). There was no such effect observed for defendant B (p > .05). The second hypothesis that the effect of joining their trials will be different for defendants A and B on the perceived strength of prosecution evidence was also supported. Statistical testing revealed that there was a significant increase in the perceived strength of the prosecution evidence for defendant A in the joint condition, as c0mpared to the single condition (p < .05). There was no significant difference between the prosecution evidence strength ratings for defendant 8 in the single and joint conditions (p > .05). There was no support for the hypothesis that the effect of joining their trials will be different for defendants A and B on the perceived strength of defence evidence. For both defendants, there was no significant difference between defence evidence strength ratings in the joined and single conditions (p >.05). These results are interpreted with reference to impression formation theory. The limitations of the present study, including the sample, trial medium, trial elements, consequentiality of the task, and the trial materials are discussed. Directions for future research, such as improvements in the present study and additional sources of bias that may influence verdicts in joint trials, are also examined.
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Parker, Rukshana. "The efficacy of jury trials in the South African civil justice system." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33931.
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In classical terms, democracy is synonymous with direct participation. However, as states grew and direct public participation became more difficult, a more minimal concept of democracy associated with enfranchisement was adopted. Democracy, however, should not be limited to the enfranchisement of the masses. It ought to include some level of direct public participation in branches of the government such as the judicial system.
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Louden, Harper L. "Deconstructing the mock trial." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/HLouden2006.pdf.
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Drescher, L. Hailey. "Connecting the Circuit: Analyzing Jurors' Cognitive Gaps and Damage Awards in Patent Infringement Trials." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271808/.
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Patent litigation is notorious for the technicality of evidence and the rhetoric of experts. Citizens selected to serve on the jury have no specialized training and have rarely been exposed to the technology or the patent process. This study provides insight into the field of jury decision-making in complex patent cases by analyzing the cognitive gaps and the tactics used by jurors to minimize them. Additionally, the study examines the justifications for the damage awards jurors provide. This analysis focused on jurors engaged in mock trial patent deliberations. The story model and sensemaking theory serve as the theoretical framework of this research and provide a structure for support and a lens for analysis. The results indicate that jurors rely on three distinct and dichotomous topologies when navigating cognitive gaps. Searching for answers either individually or as a group, relying on lists or stories, and turning to facts or emotions, jurors navigate through their uncertainty. Through the line-by-line analysis of mock jury transcriptions, three continuums regarding damage justifications emerged. Jury members found themselves navigating uncertainty versus certainty, rationality versus irrationality, and facts versus emotions. The theoretical implications broaden the story model to include cognitive gaps in all phases and increase the model's efficacy in patent litigation through the addition of a fourth phase. This study also confirms and enhances the use of sensemaking to describe the jury decision-making process. The results of this study should be applied practically to the field of patent litigation. Results should be used to create a user-friendly environment where the high stakes of litigation demand increased juror understanding and are critical to justice.
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Pearce, Gregory T. "Negative pretrial publicity and juror verdicts testing the demand characteristics hypothesis /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/pearceg/gregorypearce.pdf.
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Adams, Christine M. Shea. "The Death Penalty Attitudes Scale can capital trial jurors be chosen more fairly? /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338887131&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Smith, Richard Milton. "Jury trials in misdemeanor cases of driving under the influence of alcohol a public policy consideration /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2002. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1414403.
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Curley, Lee John. "Is the jury still out? : the decision making processes of jurors." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2018. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/1254168.
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The current thesis aimed to identify the process through which jurors reach their decisions, and to investigate the factors that may make the trial by jury process unfair for the individuals involved in criminal trials (i.e., the defendant, the prosecution and the defence). An initial literature review highlighted that two separate threshold models may be able to explain the processes (i.e., both rational and intuitive) through which jurors reach their decisions: 1) the Diffusion Threshold Model and 2) the Counter Threshold Model. The first study investigated which model of juror decision making was appropriate. In this quasi-experiment, 60 participants took part, and made verdicts (of Guilty, Not Guilty and Not Proven) over nine vignettes. Participants were asked to rate the evidence as either Guilty, Not Guilty or Not Proven, and to state how likely (from 1-100) they thought it was that the defendant was guilty. After all the evidence had been presented, participants were asked to give a verdict. Then, participants were asked to state the last piece of evidence they needed to reach said verdict (symbolising the threshold). The results suggested that the Diffusion Threshold Model best explained the decision processes of jurors. The second study investigated if the reaching of a threshold caused confirmation bias and/or evidence distortion to occur, and if information interaction allowed said threshold to be reached. Each of the 108 participants listened to one vignette, which contained an opening statement, eight pieces of evidence (four prosecution and four defence) and two closing statements (one prosecution and one defence). Participants were asked to state their perceived likelihood of guilt in regard to the defendant after each piece of evidence. After all the evidence had been presented, participants were asked to give a verdict and to state the last piece of evidence they needed to give said verdict (symbolising the threshold). The results showed that information integration occurred throughout a trial, but the reaching of a threshold promoted confirmation bias. The third study looked to investigate potential factors that may have an impact on juror perceptions of guilt and the verdicts given by jurors. In this study, 128 participants listened to two vignettes. The vignettes were manipulated, and counterbalanced, for both the anchor (strong versus weak initial piece of evidence) and number of verdicts available (two-verdicts were available or three-verdicts were available with the additional Not Proven verdict) factors. Participants also completed the Pre-trial juror bias questionnaire (PJAQ), which allowed participants to be categorised according to their bias. The results highlighted that pre-trial biases did have an impact on the belief of guilt given, and that jurors in a three-verdict system were less likely to give a Not Guilty verdict in comparison to jurors in a two-verdict system. The findings in the current thesis have suggested that the Diffusion Threshold Model can adequately explain the process through which jurors reach their decisions, that individuals integrate information until they reach an appropriate threshold, that the reaching of a threshold can promote confirmation bias, and that extra-legal factors, such as pre-trial biases, can have an impact on juror perceptions of guilt. The results also highlighted that certain factors (i.e., thresholds that promote confirmation bias) may make the trial by jury process unfair for individuals (i.e., the defendant) who are involved in a criminal trial.
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Connolly, John S. "A dose of social science support for the use of summary jury trials as a form of alternative dispute resolution /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2001. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1414418.
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Yoshida, Narutoshi. "The case for abolishing jury trials in the English legal system : an analysis of the issues and consequences." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-case-for-abolishing-jury-trailas-in-the-english-legal-system(163e6290-3e2d-437c-a5f5-0db26b0c9c22).html.
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This thesis gives a critical study of the fairness and efficiency of the jury trial in the contemporary English justice system. It analyses the various pressures on the English criminal jury system, and attempts to justify attempts to justify the possible possible abolition of the criminal jury trials in England and Wales, hereafter referred to as ‘England’ for the sake of convenience. Firstly, it considers the origin, functions and theoretical basis of the existing English jury system, including the widespread perception of it being a constitutional mechanism designed to involve citizens in the delivery of justice and the implementation of criminal law. It considers the steady reduction in the number of jury trials in recent decades and the introduction of judge-only trials. Comparisons between jury trials in the Crown Courts and summary trials in magistrates' courts are drawn, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each, referring to empirical and sociological data. Secondly, it underlines weakness in the jury process stems from stems from obstacles to fair trials, particularly: jury tampering, confusion in complex fraud cases and incidences of contempt of court committed by jurors resulting from their use of the Internet and social media; and draws on selected legal cases, the perceived quality of jury decision-making, the avoidance of institutional prejudice, and issues surrounding public confidence. Finally, it will present a number of recommendations for English jury reform, including the new Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015, and explores the possibility of the abolition of the English criminal jury system and proposes the use of alternative models of criminal trial.
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Snowden, Jessica L. "Explicit and implicit bias measures : their relation and utility as predictors of criminal verdict tendency /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/snowdenj/jessicasnowden.pdf.
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Stoots-Fonberg, Chasity Anne. "Misguided Instructions: Do Jurors Accurately Understand the Law in Death Penalty Trials?" [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0220103-232646/unrestricted/Stoots-FondbergC040303f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0220103-232646. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Ramkissoonsingh, Ravi Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The Effects of abuse type and complainant symptomatology in a simulated sexual abuse trial." Ottawa, 1999.
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17
Bartilotti, Alexandre Soares. "O incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas no projeto do novo código de processo civil." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=838.
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O incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas consiste numa inovação trazida no anteprojeto do novo código de processo civil. Segundo previsão legal, o novel instituto
objetiva identificar demandas de massa com idêntica questão de direito que possam repetir-se ilimitadamente perante os tribunais pátrios. Identificadas tais causas, fugindo da tradição
individual de cada uma ser submetida a um procedimento individual de julgamento, a solução será apresentada de forma coletivizada onde a decisão prolatada pelo órgão jurisdicional será aplicada para todas as demais demandas repetitivas. Através de um procedimento instaurado diretamente no segundo grau, os legitimados ou o magistrado de ofício, requererão a afetação do processo ao procedimento de julgamento repetitivo cuja competência pertencerá a um
órgão especial do Tribunal, e, uma vez admitindo o procedimento, os demais processos idênticos, serão suspensos até o julgamento, pelo Tribunal, da matéria de direito objeto da controvérsia. Pronunciando-se o Tribunal, a decisão dada naquele caso em concreto servirá para todos os demais casos com a mesma controvérsia jurídica. A decisão dada pelo Tribunal vinculará todos os magistrados monocráticos que decidirão no mesmo sentido para todos os processos até então suspensos, bem como, toda vez que a questão se repetir no judiciário. Tal procedimento objetiva minimizar o enorme quantitativo de processos repetitivos, julgados caso a caso em todo o judiciário, possibilitando uma maior economia de tempo aos magistrados para debruçarem-se sobre questões específicas ou de grande complexidade merecedoras de tratamento individual. O estudo a ser desenvolvido no presente trabalho pretende identificar o fenômeno da litigiosidade de massa e verificar a insuficiência do
processo individual e coletivo para enfrentá-lo. Posteriormente será feito um estudo sobre uma nova visão do devido processo legal no fenômeno das demandas de massa e a aplicação
do precedente jurisprudencial no direito brasileiro devido a proximidade do nosso sistema com o common law. Por fim, será analisado o novel incidente e as técnicas de julgamento em
grupo por ele introduzidas.The incident of repetitive demands resolution is an innovation introduced in the draft of the new code of civil procedure. According to legal provision, that institute aims to identify demands of mass with identical question of law that can be repeated indefinitely before patriotic courts. Identified these causes, fleeing the individual tradition of each undergo a procedure of individual judgment, the solution will be presented in a collectivizedly where the decision handed down by the court will apply to all other demands repetitive. Through a procedure initiated directly in the second degree, legitimate or magistrate office, require the affectation of the case to repetitive prosecution whose jurisdiction belong to a special organ of the Court, and, once admitting the procedure, other similar cases will be suspended until the judgment by the Court, of the matter of law in dispute. Speaking the Court, the decision given in that particular case will serve for all other cases with the same legal controversy. The decision given by the Court, will bind all monocratic magistrates who will decide in the same direction for all cases so far suspended as well, whenever the question is repeated in the judiciary. This procedure aims to minimize the enormous quantity of repetitive processes, judged on a case throughout the judiciary, allowing greater saving time to the magistrates in order to address it on specific issues or complexity worthy of individual treatment. The study to be done aims to identify the phenomenon of mass litigation and verify the failure of the individually and collectively process in order to address it. Later, we will study about a new vision of this process in the phenomenon of mass demands and application of precedent in Brazilian law because of the proximity of our system with the common law. Finally, we will analyze the incident and novel techniques in trial group he made.
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Schommer, Lauren. "Maybe Looks and Money are Everything: Do Physical Attractiveness and Socioeconomic Status of a Male Defendant Affect His Verdict and Judicial Rulings?" Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/995.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Hews, Rachel Jane. "Twitter trials and Facebook juries: An analysis of the Australian sub judice rule and the regulation of prejudicial publicity on social media during high-profile criminal trials." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134133/1/Rachel_Hews_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates how the sub judice rule operates in practice in the age of social media. While the law was well established in terms of how it regulated the behaviour of publishers before the internet, there are concerns it is less effective in the digital age. By analysing data from Twitter and Facebook during two high-profile murder trials, I investigate the prevalence of prejudicial publicity on social media, and examine how professional journalists and non-journalists talk about criminal trials. This analysis identifies the types of information empanelled jurors might see about trials and what this means for the law.
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Ratliff, Chasity Lynn. "CONTENT VARIATION IN JURY INSTRUCTIONS FOR FATAL POLICE USE OF FORCE TRIALS DO NOT MODERATE THE EFFECT OF ATTITUDES TOWARD POLICE ON VERDICTS." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1824.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OFChasity Ratliff, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Psychology, presented on June 22, 2020, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: CONTENT VARIATION IN JURY INSTRUCTIONS FOR FATAL POLICE USE OF FORCE TRIALS DO NOT MODERATE THE EFFECT OF ATTITUDES TOWARD POLICE ON VERDICTSMAJOR PROFESSOR: Liana C. Peter-HageneWhen police officers are charged with illegal use of force, jurors’ pre-existing attitudes toward the police can shape how jurors interpret trial evidence: Was the officer just doing his job under high amounts of pressure while fearing for his life? Or did the officer abuse his power with disregard for the victim’s life? The language in jury instructions, however, might reduce or exacerbate the effect of jurors’ attitudes toward police on their verdict decisions. In an experimental mock-jury study, the content of jury instructions was manipulated to be consistent with an objective standard of reasonableness (i.e., Tennessee v. Garner, 1985) or a subjective standard of reasonableness (Graham v. Connor, 1989), along with a control condition with no police-specific language. I predicted that, compared to control instructions, objective standards would weaken, and subjective standards would strengthen, the influence of attitudes on verdicts. Attitudes toward police were measured as a continuous predictor and were counterbalanced before and after the trial. An online sample of individual mock-jurors (N = 539) viewed a trial presentation in which a police officer was charged with first-degree murder for illegal use of force. The importance of prosecution evidence and the extent to which they took the officer’s perspective were potential mediators of the relationship between attitudes and verdicts. As predicted, jurors’ negative (versus positive) attitudes toward police predicted the importance of prosecution evidence, and perspective-taking. In turn, the importance of prosecution evidence and perspective-taking predicted juror’s perceptions of officer guilt. Instruction content was not a successful moderator of the relationship between attitudes and verdicts. The effect of attitudes on verdicts in fatal police use of force trials has important implications for the psychological study of jury decision-making, and for the criminal justice system as a whole. Key Words: fatal police use of force; attitudes; attitudes toward police; juror verdict decisions; jury instructions; subjective and objective standards.
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Ridley, Elizabeth. "General pre-trial publicity and jury bias." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29190.pdf.
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Hostettler, John Arthur. "Jury power : illusion or reality? : a critical study of criminal trial by jury in England, 1219-2003." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408860.
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Warling, Diane Louise. "Are juveniles getting a fair trial?, the jury is still out." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58995.pdf.
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Hall, Gina. "Prosecutorial discretion and plea bargaining: is there a jury trial penalty?" Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/396.
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As the most powerful position of the courtroom workgroup, the prosecutor plays an essential role in the criminal justice system. From the defendant's initial contact with the criminal court process when the prosecutor makes the charging decision, until sentencing when the prosecutor's recommendation guides judicial discretion, prosecutors hold the power to decide a defendant's fate. Despite the parameters that govern their ability to use discretion, the prosecutor still maintains a significant amount of power to influence crucial decisions with regard to the defendant. The current study addresses the issue of prosecutorial discretion and the ability to mishandle the powers bestowed upon such a powerful position. While prosecutorial discretion has a broad base, the study was narrowed to specifically concentrate on discretion as it impacts plea bargaining and final dispositions. Additionally, an analysis of the data looks at whether or not a defendant faces jury trial penalty for exercising his/her constitutional right to a trial by jury. A statistical comparison was constructed using data collected with respect to specific murder and sexual battery statutes over a 24-month period. Based on the statistical data provided within the study, those individuals who accepted the plea deal offered by the state faced a far less severe punishment than those who opted to go to trial.B.A. and B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Criminal Justice
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Курдес, Олександр Леонідович, Александр Леонидович Курдес, Oleksandr Leonidovych Kurdes, and Ю. Клименко. "Проблеми становлення інституту суду присяжних в Україні." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16612.
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DERR, WILLIAM RANDOLPH. "ORAL COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION: SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF THE TRAIT-LIKE AND SITUATIONAL CONDITIONS ON JURY VENIRES AND DELIBERATING TRIAL JURIES (SPEECH DYSFUNCTION, ARIZONA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183949.
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This dissertation measures the levels of trait-like and situational oral communication apprehension in jury bodies and provides some interpretation of these measurements on these bodies. By extending research on oral communication apprehension to juries, a clearer understanding of the impact of this phenomenon on specialized small groups is possible. Juries constitute a specialized small group because of the manner by which jurors are selected, the rules applying to their discussion of trial matters, their isolation from external influences during a trial, and their objective to determine a trial verdict for which they have personal impunity. Results of this study were obtained from analysis of data acquired from actual venire members and jurors in the Pima County Superior Court in Tucson, Arizona. The study uses a data collection instrument that is a modification of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension-24 combined with the Situational Communication Apprehension Measure. This research determined that the overall trait-like oral communication apprehension level of venire members is below that normally found in other groups, whereas, the situational apprehension level of jurors is generally above that level found in nonjury small groups. This situational apprehension level varies considerably depending on the ethnicity of the individual venire member or jurors and the nature of the trial on which the juror is impaneled. The study further determined that certain factors normally associated with leadership role fulfillment appear to be altered inside the jury deliberation room. Jury service appears to serve as a motivational drive that lowers the fears and anxieties that high communication apprehensives associate with interactive speaking in small groups.
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Dias, José Procopio da Silva de Souza. "O Tribunal do Júri e o foro por prerrogativa de função: o enunciado da súmula nº. 721 do Supremo Tribunal Federal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8601.
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Previous issue date: 2009-06-01This work addresses the issue of which jurisdictional body is competent to hear a malicious crime against life when the accused is entitled by constitutional precept to a specific forum on account of the exercise of a given position or mandate (special jurisdiction by force of position). Which constitutional provision should prevail: the one set out in article 5, XXXVIII (d), which states that malicious crimes against life are subject to trial by jury, or any other constitutional rule vesting another jurisdictional body with authority to judge an accused who exercises a given position or mandate? The Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (STF) had already tackled this issue and consolidated its stand in Precedent 721. But the assumptions underlying the STF rationale remained a bone of contention. After all, it stands to reason that, in favoring the special jurisdiction by force of position in detriment to trial by jury, perhaps this approach ran counter the most well-ingrained tenets of the Brazilian Constitution by downplaying the importance of trial by jury, which epitomizes the maxim that all power emanates from the people. This work thus makes a historical study of this issue and points out the relevant role played by people s courts in cementing democratic values. Such background is followed by an elaboration on the grounds and precepts of the current rule of law system, to herald the trial by jury as a proper measure of the very dignity of human person. Consequently, this work concludes favorably on the special jurisdiction of trial by jury, which shall prevail over the constitutional jurisdiction by force of position
O presente trabalho buscou enfrentar a questão relativa ao órgão jurisdicional competente para julgar a imputação de crime doloso contra a vida se o acusado for detentor de foro determinado constitucionalmente, por força do exercício de cargo ou mandato (foro por prerrogativa de função). Qual disposição constitucional deve prevalecer: a prevista no artigo 5º. XXXVIII, d , que impõe o Tribunal do Júri como juiz natural dos crimes dolosos contra a vida ou outra norma constitucional que competisse a órgão diverso o julgamento do acusado, dado que detentor de determinado cargo ou mandato? O Supremo Tribunal Federal já havia enfrentado a matéria, entendimento plasmado na Súmula 721. Desconfiávamos das premissas que orientaram o raciocínio do Tribunal. Estimávamos que, ao fazer avultar o foro por prerrogativa de função em detrimento do Tribunal do Júri, poderia ter imposto maus tratos à Constituição, ao não valorar devidamente a importância do Tribunal do Júri, dado que o poder emana do povo. Partimos da reconstrução histórica e constatamos o relevante papel dos tribunais populares na consolidação democrática. Aproximamos estas constatações ao Estado Democrático de Direito vigente, seus fundamentos e princípios para posicionar o Tribunal do Júri como consequência da própria dignidade da pessoa humana. Neste diapasão, segundo concluímos, sua competência é norma especial, em detrimento de foro por prerrogativa de função, mesmo que constitucionalmente estabelecido
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Roberts, S. K. P. "Prosecutorial discretion in the pre-trial criminal process : the Crown Prosecutor and Assistant United States Attorney compared." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367790.
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Walter, Marc. "US-amerikanischer Civil Jury Trial als Risiko für Schweizer Unternehmen in der Medizinproduktbranche." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01655034004/$FILE/01655034004.pdf.
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Parker, Derek. ""Like a jury at a trial": The Australian Financial Review and John Howard." Thesis, Parker, Derek (1987) "Like a jury at a trial": The Australian Financial Review and John Howard. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1987. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41384/.
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This study will look at how, over the span of a year, the Australian Financial Review newspaper
portrays and presents one of the central figures of contemporary Australian politics, John Howard,
Leader of the Opposition and head of the Parliamentary Liberal Party...
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Albaugh, Andrew. "The florida jury technical evidence and bias." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/824.
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The recent societal development of highly specialized evidence has brought new problems to the forefront of the jury system. Because of the constitutional right to jury trials citizens of the United States and Florida have, it is imperative that the problems facing juries be discussed and explored. The question of whether or not juries can be trusted to comprehend highly technical evidence must be answered for the Florida jury to move forward into modern era. The subsequent question of what biases regarding highly specialized evidence have arisen must also be examined and addressed. Furthermore, solutions designed to increase a jury's comprehension and decrease their bias must be discussed and propagated. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the answers to those questions and provide potential solutions to the issues facing the modern Florida jury. Law journals, statutes, and case law all suggest that juror comprehension decreases substantially when faced with highly complex evidence. Biases are also commonly associated with these forms of evidence and are leading towards unfair verdicts. Despite these problems, there are solutions that are readily available in the areas of alternative dispute resolution. Further solutions may be created through a revision of the jury instruction process. This thesis seeks to raise awareness of the problems facing the Florida jury and contribute solutions that are practical and easily used.B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Müller, Andreas. "Civil-Jury-Trial die Beteiligung von Laien in der amerikanischen und deutschen zivilen Gerichtsbarkeit." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2004. http://d-nb.info/987596616/04.
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Dexter, Hedy Red. "In search of the fair jury : does extended voir dire remedy the effects of pretrial publicity?" FIU Digital Commons, 1990. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2787.
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The present study asked two important questions: Does prejudicial pretrial publicity produce bias which may impair juror objectivity and, if it does, can voir dire remedy its untoward effects? Subjects were 68 college undergraduates whose political attitudes had been assessed and who had or had not read case-specific pretrial publicity one week before viewing a murder trial. Trial proceedings took place at the University of Miami law school. Voir dire, trial viewing, and deliberations were conducted in UM's moot courtroom. As predicted, analyses revealed main effects for both voir dire and pretrial publicity such that pretrial publicity increased conviction rate and the extended voir dire decreased conviction rate, but the extended voir dire failed to reduce the specific prejudicial effect of pretrial publicity. These findings suggest that prejudgment of a general nature (e.g., confusion about legal concepts) may be neutralized by an extended voir dire but that prejudice specifically created by exposure to inflammatory news stories is not offset by an extended voir dire format. There is reason to believe, however, that with more time spent explaining case facts and with greater attention to individual jurors, voir dire could eliminate even the specific prejudice created by pretrial publicity.
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Hope, Lorraine. "Understanding pre-trial publicity : an examination of biases in mock juror and jury decision-making." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU189996.
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Six empirical studies were designed with the following three objectives: 1) To evaluate the influence of pre-trial information on individual impression formation and culpability evaluation; 2) To investigate jury group discussions and determine the impact of pre-trial publicity on the content and style of the deliberative process and, 3) To examine the processing of evidence and the pattern of PTP biases. Study 1 investigated whether knowledge that an individual is a criminal will produce more negative evaluations on traits associated with a criminal stereotype - specifically, a trait associated with criminal appearance. Results indicated that evaluative ratings were more negative when the information processed prior to rating suggested criminality. Study 2 investigated whether a particular form of legitimate pre-trial information would bias the impression formed but also forensically relevant dimensions such as target culpability. Results indicated that participants exposed to an elaborately worded indictment made significantly more negative attributions about the defendant's character, culpability and the crime event. Study 3 sought to examine the effect of delay between exposure to the negative pre-trial information and subsequent evaluation. Exposed participants were not any more likely to ascribe negative characteristics to the defendant than control participants but they remained more likely to assert that the defendant was guilty. Study 4a and 4b investigated the impact of information valence. In Study 4a, results indicated that participants exposed to positive PTP were significantly less likely to reach a guilty verdict than those exposed to negative PTP. Study 4b included a control group and more a more forensically relevant form of positive PTP. However, results reflected a seemingly counter-intuitive increase in 'guilty' verdicts for mock jurors exposed to positive PTP and this 'overcorrection' was discussed with reference to Wegner and Petty's (1997) Flexible Correction Model. Study 5 sought to examine the impact of negative PTP on the content and style of jury group deliberations. Initial analysis of individual pre-deliberation verdicts demonstrated the standard PTP effects. Juries comprising members who had been exposed to negative PTP appeared more likely to reach a guilty verdict. Results suggested that for juries exposed to negative PTP deliberations displayed a higher instance of successful pro-prosecution interruptions during their discussions. Study 6 examined differences in predecisional distortion for mock jurors exposed to negative PTP versus control participants. Predecisional distortion occurs when jurors bias new evidence in favour of their current leading party rather than evaluate this information for its actual probative properties. Predecisional distortion scores for participants exposed to negative PTP reflected a pro-prosecution bias. The effect of prejudicial PTP on verdict outcomes was mediated by predecisional distortion in the evaluation of testimony. To summarise, the results of initial studies appear to indicate that to elicit an effect pre-trial information needs to be sufficiently extreme to prime a broadly negative impression that is also consistent with a pro-prosecution preference. This pro-prosecution preference than promotes the predecisional distortion such that the evaluation of evidence carries a built-in pro-prosecution bias that ultimately results in an elevated conviction rate. Mock jurors exposed to negative pre-trial publicity are less likely to report the use of the publicity information (than participants receiving positive information), appear more likely to reach a guilty verdict at a lower certainty threshold and retain their negative impression even when reaching a not guilty verdict. This may render them susceptible to the subsequent persuasion in favour of a guilty verdict dur.
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Dring, Kathleen. "Changes Implemented Pursuant to the Insanity Defense Reform Act: Effect on Trial by Jury Outcome." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625843.
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Durançon, Delphine. "La Cour d'assises : une juridiction séculaire et atypique en perpétuelle quête de rénovation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS140/document.
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La Cour d'assises : une juridiction séculaire et atypique en perpétuelle quête de rénovation. Indubitablement, la Révolution française demeurera l’événement majeur de l'histoire des institutions françaises. Par le renoncement à la société d'Ancien Régime, les nouveaux constituants bouleversèrent durablement la vision de la société, l'identité et les grands principes des institutions. Dans ce contexte de profondes mutations, on assista à l'émergence d'une « autre Justice », un service public construit sur des assises modernes et durables. Ainsi, en matière criminelle, la loi des 16 et 21 septembre 1791 institua une juridiction singulière, le tribunal criminel départemental – qui deviendra quelques années plus tard la Cour d'assises –. Cette institution se distingua dès son origine par sa composition mixte associant magistrats professionnels et citoyens tirés au sort. Près de 250 ans après son adoption, cette juridiction criminelle perdure dans le paysage institutionnel. De la sorte, on peut s'interroger sur les raisons de la longévité d'une institution trop souvent envisagée à travers le prisme de la Révolution. Le but de cette thèse était donc d'étudier les dynamiques qui présidèrent à l'évolution de celle-ci. Car, au fil de son existence, la Cour d'assises a sensiblement évolué, dans sa composition et dans son fonctionnement jusqu'à y voir l'abandon de la figure révolutionnaire et la dénaturation de l'institution originelle. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée au particularisme structurel de la Cour d'assises, sa composition mixte. Car associer des techniciens du droit à des citoyens néophytes a toujours été un choix controversé. Dans un premier titre, l'institution populaire est envisagée sous l'angle historique et sous la question de la légitimité. Il s'agit alors de comprendre non seulement les raisons qui gouvernèrent l'adoption d'une telle forme de justice, mais également celles qui expliquent sa préservation. Dans un second titre, le propos se concentre sur l'identité des juges professionnels et populaires appelés à composer les Cours d'assises.La seconde partie de cette thèse a trait au fonctionnement de la juridiction criminelle. Longtemps sa composition mixte commanda un fonctionnement particulier, distinct de celui des autres juridictions pénales. Pourtant, il est notable que des réformes successives ont imposé une certaine rupture avec la vision révolutionnaire suscitant ainsi des mutations profondes de la procédure de jugement criminel. Dans un premier titre, on envisage la procédure criminelle sous l'angle des acteurs du procès criminel, dans la gestion des débats. Aussi est-il encore nécessaire de s'interroger sur l'efficacité actuelle de la discussion criminelle. Dans un second titre, c'est la phase décisoire du procès criminel, récemment sujet de réformes d'ampleur, qui est examinée. Le travail de recherche a donc porté sur les réformes successives qui ont affecté la juridiction d'assises.Celle-ci, bien qu'ancienne et toujours attachée à son histoire, est une institution en perpétuel renouvellementThe French "Cour d'assises" : an age-old and atypical court of laws constantly reforming itself. The French Revolution certainly remains a major event in French history. As the Ancien Régime failed, the vision of society matured, such as the way we consider public institutions. In that context of acute transformations, we could witness the birth of another kind of justice based on modern and sustainable principles. Above all, new constituents established, for criminal law, a very extraordinary jurisdiction : the Cour d'assises. The main peculiarity of that institution consisted in its joint composition, as professional magistrates had to work with ordinary citizens to judge. 250 years later, this criminal jurisdiction still lasts. So, we can wonder why this so old institution is still working. This thesis aims to study movments that have affected the Cour d'assises troughout years. Actually, that institution has noticeably evolved in its composition and its working, so that it no longer looks like the institution established during the XVIIIth century. The first section deals with the joint composition of the court. In fact, couple law professionals to neophytes is certainly a controversial choice. A first sub-section intends, through an history of jury, to explain why a popular court had been chosen to punish crimes. In this part, we also wonder about the legitimacy of that kind of Justice. A second sub-section looks at the members of jury's identity. The second section of the thesis deals with the institution's working. For a long time, the composition of the court explained how it worked. However, successive reforms renew the institution. A first sub-section takes into consideration the role each of the members of the criminal court plays during proceedings. It also questions about the efficiency of the criminal trial. A second sub-section is dedicated to the final phase of the criminal process, which has recently been reformed. To sump up, the research deals with successive reforms that have deeply affected the French criminal court. In spite the fact it is an old institution, always attached to the French Revolution, the Cour d'assises is an institution that goes on reforming itself
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Дахно, В. М. "Особливості впровадження суду присяжних за новим Кримінальним процесуальним кодексом України." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34028.
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Захист прав людини і громадянина в правовій державі неможливо без належного функціонування судової влади. Одним із важливих напрямків судово-правової реформи є впровадження в Україні суду присяжних.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34028
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Arrieta, Caro José. "Rise and Fall of the Constitutional Right to a Jury Trial for Criminal Cases in the United States." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115996.
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Since its appearance in Europe, the trial by jury had to travel a long path until it became the official procedure to try criminal cases in the United States. Although it was not really created with that specific purpose, over the years it experienced memorable moments in which it was granted with the prestige and value required to be inserted in the Constitution of that country, as a safeguard against the arbitrariness of the governmental power. Today, however, the great importance that it had in the past has significantly decreased. The needs and practices of a system with a particularly high rate of convictions have relegated and transformed it into a real endangered specie. The following article describes and explains its birth and rise, as well as its subsequent virtual disappearance due to the not so efficient as dangerous guilty pleas.Desde su aparición en Europa, el juicio por jurados tuvo que recorrer un largo camino para convertirse en el método oficial de juzgamiento de casos penales en los Estados Unidos. A pesar de que no fue creado exactamente con esa finalidad, tuvo varios momentos memorables durante su desarrollo que le otorgaron el prestigio y valor necesarios para insertarse en la Constitución de ese país como una garantía frente al abuso del poder. Hoy, sin embargo, la gran importancia que alguna vez tuvo ha quedado atrás. Las necesidades y prácticas propias de un sistema con una altísima tasa de condenas han terminado por relegarlo, convirtiéndolo en una verdadera especie en peligro de extinción. El siguiente artículo describe y explica el nacimiento y auge de los juicios por jurados para causas penales y su posterior virtual desaparición a manos de los no tan eficientes como peligrosos acuerdos negociados de condena.
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Heffer, Chris. "Making a case : narrative and paradigmatic modes in the legal-lay discourse of English jury trial." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543941.
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This thesis is a study of the language used by legal professionals before English juries. it investigates a distinction between two principal cultural-cognitive modes and examines their effect on forensic discourse. The 'paradigmatic' mode is evident in the discourse of professional legal argumentation, while the 'narrative' mode typifies the sociolinguistic praxis of 'lay' language users. The thesis argues that 'legal-lay' discourse is characterised by a dialectical relationship resulting from the attempt by barristers and judges to satisfy both the paradigmatic demands of the law and the lay jury's narrative constructions of social experience. Thus legal professionals invoke a range of discoursal. strategies oriented to both modes. These strategies are explored in a set of corpora of legal-lay genres, including 100 witness examinations and judicial summings-up to the jury. The barrister's discourse is shown to draw heavily on the narrative mode despite paradigmatic legal constraints on witness examination. It is also claimed that accommodation to the narrative mode in the judge's legal directions might assist jury comprehension, but that such 'narrativisation' may increase the risk of judicial bias. The study is an interdisciplinary one and employs a wide range of quantitative and qualitative methods.
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Середа, О. В. "Передумови введення в дію суду присяжних з досвіду Російської імперії в 1863-1867 роках." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62791.
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На сьогодні залишається актуальним питання доцільності впровадження
суду присяжних в Україні. Вченими представлена велика кількість
досліджень, де висловлена як схвалення цього інституту, так і наукова
критика. Проте, незважаючи на численні наукові пропозиції й практичні
рекомендації, положення про суд присяжних лише декларативно закріплені в
Конституції України та в Законі України “Про судоустрій України".
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Ткач, О. Г. "Суд присяжних за новим проектом Кримінально-процесуального кодексу України." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61177.
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Концепція судово-правової реформи в Україні, затверджена
Постановою Верховної Ради України від 28 квітня 1992 року, передбачила
створення в нашій державі інституту суду присяжних.
З того часу та по сьогоднішній день робляться численні спроби
запровадити суд присяжних в проекти кримінально-процесуальних кодексів
України. Так нещодавно 14 жовтня 2009 р. на офіційному сайті Міністерства
юстиції України був виставлений новий проект кримінально-процесуального
кодексу України (надалі – Проект) [1] з метою загального обговорення.
Вказаний Проект має спеціальний розділ, що називається “Кримінальне
провадження у суді присяжних” і який присвячений діяльності суду присяжних
в українській системі судочинства.
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Єременко, А. О. "Переваги та недоліки функціонування інституту суду присяжних на території сучасної України." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34033.
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Однією з актуальних проблем сьогодення в Україні є становлення інституту суду присяжних. Це викликано проведенням судово-правової реформи яка направлена на ліквідацію прогалин та недоліків у системі судової влади та судочинства, можливість функціонування вищевказаного інституту була передбачена законодавством України ще до введення цієї реформи,так згідно статті 124 Конституції України народ безпосередньо бере участь у здійсненні правосуддя через народних засідателів і присяжних, але на практиці використання суду присяжних не проводилося, до вступу в дію нового КПК. Отже функціонування суду присяжних потребує наукового аналізу в руслі діючої системи судочинства, а також визначення переваг та недоліків цього правового інституту.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34033
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Fisher, Eric. "The discourse of Jury trial advocacy: The potential for distortion of meaning in the age of a new social consciousness." Thesis, Fisher, Eric (2018) The discourse of Jury trial advocacy: The potential for distortion of meaning in the age of a new social consciousness. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/42917/.
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This thesis argues that there is a need to reappraise the significance of a jury in the adversarial criminal trial. A jury can no longer meet a prime criterion of its worth, which is that it brings to its decision making the collective common sense of the community from which it is drawn. In a new culturally diverse society, it is not representative enough to do so. Today’s jury does not comprise individuals from a single culture. It represents diverse cultures and sub-cultures, people from each of which will extract their own social meaning from courtroom discourse. This means there is a need for law to embrace a cross-disciplinary approach to adapting the discourse of adversarial law to contemporary society. It should recognize the need for courtroom advocacy to move beyond appraising the formal language competence of contributors. Standard accounts of language are inadequate to reveal the potential for discursive distortion of meaning. In fact, the language of courtroom discourse only promotes an illusion of transparent portrayal of facts, blinding the search for substantive truth in justice with the pragmatic allure of legal truth. Jury trial advocacy has in common with literary invention the power to press language into use to serve the preferred ends of the author. Each applies meaning to words according to context. Each brings to the narrative their own pre-understanding, or prejudices. Each constructs its narrative in contemplation of the minds it seeks to persuade and convince. But, courtroom advocates should not consider witnesses as manipulable characters in the narrative of the case; rather, they are contributors to its development. In this new diverse society, courtroom advocates should draw on lessons from language and literature to interpret, and understand the meaning of the narrative of law that they build in adversarial trials before jury.
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Fachinetto, Rochele Fellini. "Quando eles as matam e quando elas os matam : uma análise dos julgamentos de homicídio pelo Tribunal do Júri." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56521.
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Cette thèse analyse les jugements des crimes d’assassinat commis par des hommes qui ont tué des femmes et des femmes qui ont tué des hommes, faits dans le Forum Central de Porto Alegre/RS. On met en relief les discours des agents et on tente de comprendre quels sont les aspects des relations de genre qui sont mis en évidence pour soutenir la thèse de l’accusation et celle de la défense, en expliquant comment l’espace du grand jury contribue également à donner un sens de genre. Grace à des observations systématiques des jugements faits par le jury et l’enregistrement dans des journaux de terrain, on a observé une multiplicité de stratégies discursives des acteurs juridiques qui disputent la vérité dans cet espace du champ. La thèse montre qu’il existe une distinction fondamentale dans les discours produit dans cet espace que mettent les cas en rapport à un contexte de « crimes de trafique » ou de « crimes passionnels ». Cette distinction produit des crimes et des sujets plus acceptables que d’autres. Les discours prononcés dans le jury prennent la forme de récits par opposition et reprennent les rôles de genres de ceux qui sont impliqués, en produisant un changement constant entre les rôles des accusés et des victimes. Les rôles de genre utilisés dans ce discours constituent une ressource de pouvoir importante dans les luttes de pouvoir et les conflits que sont établies dans l’espace du champ, en légitimant ou en discréditant pas seulement le cas impliqués mais les versions des agents qui sont en litige dans cet espace du champ. D’une sociologie du champ juridique de Pierre Bordieu, cette thèse vise à montrer que le jury est constitué comme un espace unique dans le domaine, avec des règles, une dynamique, des enjeux et des acteurs qui appartient à cet espace de jugement pour essayer de reorganiser certaines règles et des relations de pouvoir qui résident dans le champ juridique.Esta tese analisa julgamentos de homicídio de casos de homens que mataram mulheres e mulheres que mataram homens, realizados no Foro Central do Porto Alegre/RS. O foco da análise repousa nos discursos dos agentes, procurando compreender que aspectos das relações de gênero são trazidos à tona para fundamentar as teses de acusação e defesa, explicitando como o espaço do Tribunal do Júri também contribui para produzir sentidos de gênero. Através de observações sistemáticas das sessões de julgamento pelo Tribunal do Júri e do registro nos diários de campo, foi possível perceber uma multiplicidade de estratégias discursivas dos agentes jurídicos que disputam a verdade neste espaço do campo. A tese mostra que há uma distinção central nos discursos produzidos neste espaço que remetem os casos ou a um contexto dos “crimes do tráfico” ou dos “crimes da paixão”. Tal distinção produz crimes e sujeitos mais aceitáveis do que outros. Os discursos produzidos no júri assumem a forma das narrativas por oposição e retomam os papéis de gênero dos envolvidos, produzindo um deslocamento constante entre os papéis de réus/rés e vítimas. Os papéis de gênero utilizados nestes discursos constituem-se como importante recurso de poder nas lutas e disputas que se estabelecem nesse espaço do campo, legitimando ou desqualificando não apenas os envolvidos nos casos, mas as próprias versões dos agentes que estão em disputa neste espaço do campo. A partir de uma sociologia do campo jurídico de Pierre Bourdieu, esta tese busca mostrar que o Tribunal do Júri se constitui como um espaço diferenciado no campo, com regras, dinâmicas, disputas e atores próprios a este espaço de julgar reconfigurando algumas regras e relações de poder que se estabelecem no campo jurídico.
This dissertation analyses murder trials held at the Central Court of Porto Alegre/RS, in cases where men killed women and women killed men. The analysis focuses the agents’ discourses and tries to understand which aspects of gender relations are brought up to sustain the prosecution’s and defense’s allegations, explaining how the space of the Grand Jury also contributes to create gender meanings. Through systematic observations of the trial sessions by the Jury and field diary annotations, it is possible to perceive a multiplicity of discursive strategies by the legal agents who argue over the truth in this space of the field. The dissertation shows that there is a central distinction in the speeches produced in this space that refer the cases either to a “trafficking crimes” context, or to a “passion crimes” context. This distinction produces crimes and subjects more acceptable than others. The speeches produced within the jury assume the form of narratives through opposition and reclaim the gender roles involved, producing a constant shifting of defendant and victim roles. The gender roles used in these discourses constitute an important power resource in the struggles and disputes that are established in the field space, legitimizing or discrediting not only the people involved in the cases, but the agents’ own versions in dispute. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of the legal field, this dissertation aims to show that the jury constitutes itself as a distinct space of judgment in the field, with its own rules, dynamics and actors reconfiguring some of the rules and power relations established within the legal field.
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d'Aniello, Cristina. "'Vox populi, vox dei'? : a comparative investigation into the (un)fairness of the jury trial in the British and Italian legal systems." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/43049.
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Behind the closed doors of the deliberation room, jurors determine another person's fate. It is believed that, to grant fairness to trials, the decision of some judicial cases has to be referred to a panel of impartial peers. Yet, the occurrence of miscarriages of justice involving incorrect jury verdicts demonstrates that the jury system may be failing to respond to those democratic needs that constituted the foundations of its introduction. In an effort to identify the causes of the malfunctioning and to propose solutions, this thesis has investigated the matter through a comparative approach that looks at two crucial differences between British and Italian juries: the presence/absence of professionals (judges) on jury panels and the presence/absence of a requirement for juries to justify their verdicts. Far from being mere procedural aspects, these characteristics play a crucial role in the deliberation process, as this research found through an analysis of the results yielded by two interconnected empirical studies: interviews with Italian judges and mock jury experiments. Results from the studies suggest that both jury composition and motivated verdicts have an impact on juries' behaviour, errors, and deliberation dynamics. Beneficial and detrimental effects of the two variables were considered in order to suggest solutions for an improvement to the functioning of jury trials. Accordingly, the aid of a professional juror, purposely trained to instruct and direct (not influencing) the panel of peers, could improve legal fairness of deliberations. Additionally, motivated verdicts should be required, since they increase jurors' tendency to provide legally-oriented decisions. Given the high real-world impact of the matter, the implementation of these and further research suggestions is crucial to move towards the 'fair trial' that the jury system promised to grant.
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Lieber, Norman. "Schöffengericht und Trial by Jury eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung zur Entstehung, gegenwärtigen Praxis und möglichen Zukunft zweier Modelle der Laienbeteiligung an Strafverfahren in Europa." Berlin Duncker & Humblot, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1000184765/04.
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Edwards, Emily. "Preserving the right to a fair trial an examination of the prejudicial value of visual and auditory evidence in the context of a criminal case." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/552.
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Federal Rule of Evidence 403 requires evidence's probative value to substantially outweigh its prejudicial value for the evidence to be admitted. To date, courts have opinioned that photographic evidence holds low prejudicial impact and rarely render court proceedings unfair (Futch v. Dugger, 1989). The present study sought to empirically investigate this issue. In a 2 (Auditory Present/Auditory Absent) x 3 (Graphic Photo/Neutral Photo/No Photo) factorial design, 300 participants reviewed case materials from a recent murder case and provided information concerning their verdict decision. Emotional state data was also collected prior to and following review of the case materials via the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form (PANAS-X; Watson & Clark, 1994). Participants reviewing graphic photos coupled with their case materials experienced significantly greater increases in both sadness and surpise than those reviewing neutral or no photos. Participants who had an auditory recording present with their case materials experienced greater increases in both joviality and, to a lesser extent, hostility. Participants reviewing the auditory recording also reported being significantly less able to formulate their verdict decisions fairly or impartially. When heightened emotion is involved in decision making, cognitive resources for well-informed decisions are limited (Greene & Haidt, 2002). The current study suggests the potential for particular modes of evidentiary presentation to manipulate jurors' emotions, therefore increasing their prejudicial value. When the probative value of evidence does not outweigh the potentially prejudicial nature of jurors' heightened emotionality, the fairness of court proceedings may be questioned and issues of the defendant's right to a fair trial raised.B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Lieber, Norman [Verfasser]. "Schöffengericht und Trial by Jury. : Eine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung zur Entstehung, gegenwärtigen Praxis und möglichen Zukunft zweier Modelle der Laienbeteiligung an Strafverfahren in Europa. / Norman Lieber." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1238360793/34.
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Бондар, С. О., Маргарита Миколаївна Рєзнік, Маргарита Николаевна Резник, Marharyta Mykolaivna Rieznik, and Е. А. Пронський. "Суд присяжних як форма участі народу в судочинстві." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41636.
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Досліджуючи історію розвитку інституту суду присяжних, слід зосередити увагу на країнах, судова система яких справила значний вплив на формування даного інституту. У період ранньофеодальної монархії судовий процес англійців та французів мав спільні риси, насамперед це участь представників місцевої громади у вирішенні спірних питань. Так, у Франції правосуддя чинилося шляхом залучення членів місцевої громади через інститут журата (лат. - клятвені завірення), який базувався на звичаєвому праві, та рекогніторес (лат. – розпізнавати, розглядати), заснований на позитивному праві [1, с. 39].
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Fiori, Ana Leticia de. "Contando histórias de morte: etnografia do júri e arenas narrativas do \"caso Aline\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-11042013-103910/.
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Esta dissertação tem por objeto as narrativas emergentes a partir de um caso de assassinato ocorrido em Ouro Preto/MG em 14 de outubro de 2001, o caso Aline, que teve repercussão nacional ao ser representado com características de mistério e barbárie, tecendo uma teia de relações causais com diferentes elementos drogas, festas estudantis, satanismo e, em especial, jogos de interpretação de papeis (RPGs). A partir da noção de drama social de Victor Turner, analisa-se a ruptura do cotidiano de Ouro Preto com o crime, abrindo fissuras para a emergência de metáforas radicais de sacrifício e crucificação, que energizam a leitura do crime como ritual macabro. Analisam-se a evolução do processo e o julgamento dos acusados, o encontro de narrativas e o desfecho dissonante das expectativas punitivas. Em seguida, acompanha-se a produção de narrativas dominantes e o escalonamento dos conflitos do caso Aline para as arenas narrativas midiáticas, mágico-religiosas e jurídico-políticas. Discutem-se as expectativas de justiça e punição por meio da análise de linchamento moral e da busca por vítimas sacrificais, unindo-as com uma discussão sobre racionalidade penal moderna que permite questionar a aporia formada pela absolvição. Por fim, tecem-se algumas considerações sobre a produção de ordens e desordens no ritual do júri e o que poderia ser uma narrativa justa do caso Aline.This dissertation analyzes the rising narratives of a murder case occurred in Ouro Preto/MG in October 14, 2001, the Aline case. This case was nationwide known due to the mystery and cruelty with which it was represented, weaving a web of causal relations with several elements drugs, student parties, Satanism and Roleplaying Games (RPGs). Victor Turners notion of social drama is engaged to analyze how the crime creates a breach in Ouro Preto everyday life, opening cracks for the arouse of root metaphors of sacrifice and crucifixion, that energizes the crime reading as a macabre ritual. The evolution of the process and the defendants trial are discussed as a narrative gathering with an unexpected non-punitive outcome. The crystallization of dominant narratives and the escalating conflicts of Aline case are followed to the media, magical-religious and juridical-political arenas. Then the expectations of justice and punishment are discussed, through an analyze of the moral lynching and the search of a escape goat, and also a discussion of the modern penal rationality, that enables questions on the aporia created by the defendants discharge. At last, some considerations on Jury ritual creations of order and disorder and of what could be a just narrative of Aline case.