Academic literature on the topic 'Jus commune'
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Journal articles on the topic "Jus commune"
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Winiger, Bénédict. "La transition du Jus Commune au Jus Naturae de Christian Wolff." Revue interdisciplinaire d'études juridiques 30, no. 1 (1993): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riej.030.0001.
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Côté, François. "Jus Commune and Common Languauge: Insights on the Judicial Construction of Linguistic Law in Quebec Through the Prism of Jus Commune." Comparative Legilinguistics 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 42–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cl-2020-0003.
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Abstract The jus commune (droit commun) is the intellectual canvas upon which any rule of law is built upon within a given society, that must be integrated in any interpretation or construction process in any field of law, even constitutional law. As the jus commune bears a series of structural values, one ponders as to the correct construction of linguistic law to be held in that regard within a minority society entrenched inside a greater federal superstructure, where linguistic preservation is a collective existential matter. The author submits that the Supreme Court of Canada may have neglected to consider this important factor in Quebec when striking down large sections of the Charter of the French Language pertaining to the official language of law and judicial decisions in the 1979 Blaikie case, in which it imposed official constitutional bilingualism in matters of legislation and judicial decisions to the enclaved French-speaking province. Perhaps the appropriateness of this decision should be revisited.
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Herlina MP, Andika, Vino Rika Novia, and Ibrahim Ibrahim. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT (LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE) TERHADAP HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA PADA LANSIA LAKI-LAKI DENGAN HIPERTENSI 2021." Jurnal Kesehatan Saintika Meditory 4, no. 2 (November 12, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30633/jsm.v4i2.1274.
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Data dari Sample Registration System (SRS) Indonesia tahun 2014, terdapat 5,3% kasus hipertensi dengan komplikasi yang termasuk kedalam sepuluh penyakit terbanyak yang diderita penduduk Indonesia. Berdasarkan profil kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Kota (DKK) Padang tahun 2018, hipertensi merupakan penyakit kedua terbanyak di Kota Padang pada tahun 2017. Puskesmas Andalas merupakan puskesmas dengan kasus hipertensi tertinggi di Kota Padang dengan jumlah 2.028 kasus (10,74%). Tujuan npenelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus tomat terhadap hiperkolesterolemia pada lansia Laki-laki dengan hipertensi.Jenis penelitian adalah Quasy Eksperiment (eksperimen semu) dengan design one Group Pre test dan post test Design. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas kota Padang pada tanggal 22 september -29 September 2021. Populasi pada penelitian ini seluruh Lansia Laki-laki yang yang rutin melakukan pemeriksaan rutin setiap bulanan sebanyak 120 orang. sampel 20 responden, semuanya adalah kelompok hipertensi. Dan teknik pengambilan sampel Purposive Sampling. Analisa data dilakukan analisa univariat yang bertujuan untuk mencari rata-rata (mean) dan analisa bivariat dengan uji independent sampel t testHasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar kolesterol responden sebelum diberikan jus tomat (lycopersicumme commune) adalah 260,87, rata-rata kadar kolesterol responden setelah diberikan jus tomat (lycopersicumme commune) adalah 205,64. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh pemberian jus tomat (lycopersicumme commune) terhadap kadar kolesterol, p-value = 0,000 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh pemberian jus tomat (lycopersicumme commune) terhadap hiperkolesterolemia pada Lansia laki-laki dengan hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang Tahun 2021. Diharapkan petugas yang memegang program penyuluhan kesehatan dapat emberikan edukasi dan diaplikasikan sebagai bentuk terapi non farmakologi yaitu berupa jus tomat yang dapat dikonsumsikan sebagai salah satu alternative pengobatan kadar kolesterol yang tinggi.Kata Kunci : Jus Tomat , Hiperkolesterolemia, Lansia, Laki-Laki, Hipertensi
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Halperin, Jean-Louis. "L'approche historique et la problématique du jus commune." Revue internationale de droit comparé 52, no. 4 (2000): 717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2000.18625.
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Paramita R, Sukma, and Niken Puruhita. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT ( LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE ) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLE DAN DIASTOLE LAKI – LAKI HIPERTENSIF USIA 40 – 45 TAHUN." Journal of Nutrition College 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v4i2.10053.
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Latar Belakang : Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan sesorang mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah diatas normal yang mengakibatkan peningkatan angka kesakitan (morbiditas) dan angka kematian (mortalitas). Buah tomat (Lycopersicum commune) mengandung kalium yang mempunyai efek menurunkan tekanan darah.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus buah tomat (Lycopersium commune ) terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pria hipertensif usia 40-45 tahunMetode: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan pre-post control design. Jumlah subyek 34 orang dengan tekanan darah sistolik mempunyai tekanan darah sistolik > 120-139 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik > 90-119 mmHg dan meminum obat antihipertensi. Jus tomat sebanyak 200 ml diberikan 1 kali sehari selama 14 hari terbuat dari 150 gram buah tomat, 2,5g gula diet dan 100 ml air.Hasil:Pemberian jus tomat 200ml 1x sehari selama 14 hari secara klinis tidak menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, tetapi menurut hasil penelitian pemberian 200ml jus tomat dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 4,4mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 3,1 mmHg pada kelompok perlakuan dan pada kelompok kontrol dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 1,4 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 1,4mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik setelah dikontrol dengan IMT dan asupan kalium.Simpulan:Pemberian jus tomat dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada laki-laki usia 40-45 tahun
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Astuti, Yuniarti Dwi, and Hesti Murwani Rahayuningsih. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PREDIABETES." Journal of Nutrition College 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2013): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v2i1.2105.
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Latar Belakang : Prediabetes merupakan kondisi dimana kadar glukosa darah seseorang berada diantara kadar normal dan diabetes. Pengaturan diet merupakan cara efektif untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Jus Tomat merupakan salah satu bahan minuman yang dihubungkan dengan penurunan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh pemberian jus tomat terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada prediabetes. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pre test-post test design. Subjek penelitian adalah warga Kelurahan Sendangguwo Semarang yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Besar sampel adalah 21 orang. Tiap sampel diberi jus tomat sebanyak 200 ml yang berasal dari 180 gram tomat merah jenis Lycopersicum commune yang di-blanching dengan air pada suhu 70-90°C selama 10 menit kemudian diblender dan disaring. Intervensi jus tomat diberikan selama 3 minggu. Kadar glukosa darah puasa diukur satu hari sebelum dan satu hari setelah intervensi dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Selama intervensi, asupan makan diperoleh dengan metode food recall 3×24 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk dan paired t- test. Hasil : Terjadi penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa sebesar 9,00 mg/dl (7,64%) setelah pemberian jus tomat selama 3 minggu. Simpulan : Uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa sebelum dan setelah pemberian jus tomat.
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Nur, Dewi Masithoh, and Aryu Chandra Kusumastuti. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT BERKULIT DAN TANPA KULIT (LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL PADA LANJUT USIA HIPERKOLESTEROLEMI." Journal of Nutrition College 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2014): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v3i1.4606.
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Latar Belakang : Hiperkolesterolemi menyebabkan terjadinya atherosclerosis yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler pada lanjut usia. Likopen berperan dalam mengatur metabolisme kolesterol dan dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol terutama Low-Density Lypoprotein (LDL).Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian jus tomat (Licopersicum commune) dengan kulit dan tanpa kulit terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL pada lansia hiperkolesterolemi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental dengan rancangan pre-post gup design. Subyek pada penelitian ini adalah lanjut usia hiperkolesterolemi yang memiliki kadar kolesterol LDL 100 – 159 mg/dl. Subyek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan I (jus tomat dengan kulit) dan kelompok perlakuan II (jus tomat tanpa kulit) dengan dosis 150 g tomat yang di blanch selama 1 menit dengan penambahan air 50 ml dan gula 2 gam selama 14 hari. Data diuji dengan Mann-whitney untuk mencari perbedaan pengaruh antara kelompok perlakuan I dan II. Hasil : Terdapat penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada masing-masing kelompok, tetapi antara kelompok I dan II tidak terdapat perbedaan penurunan kolesterol LDL yang bermakna.
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Lestari, Aryati Puji, and Hesti Murwani Rahayuningsih. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT (LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH WANITA POSTMENOPAUSE HIPERTENSIF." Journal of Nutrition College 1, no. 1 (October 4, 2012): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v1i1.422.
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ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia reached 6.7% of the population mortality at all ages. The blood pressure of postmenopausal women tends to increase due to decreased of the protective effect of estrogens and increased of salt sensitivity. Tomato fruit (Lycopersicum commune) contains potassium and lycopene which has the effect of decreasing blood pressure.Objective: Determine the effect of consuming tomato juice (Lycopersicum commune) to the blood pressure of hypertensive postmenopausal women.Method: This study is an experiment with a pre-post test control group design. The numbers of study subjects are 34 respondents with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and or diastolic ≥ 90mmHg. The tomato juice of 200 ml consumption once a day for 7 days is made from 150 gram tomato, 5 gram sugar, and 50 ml water.Result: There is a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 11.76 ± 7.276 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 8.82 ± 3.321 mmHg in the treatment group. The tomato juice consumption significantly influences the decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion: The tomato juice significantly decreases the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in postmenopausal hypertensive women.Keywords: tomato juice, blood pressure, hypertension
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Grosswald Curran, Vivian. "Harmoniser la common law et le droit civil en jus commune universalisable." Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé N° 2, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsc.2202.0243.
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Caranta, Roberto. "Judicial protection against Member States: A new jus commune takes shape." Common Market Law Review 32, Issue 3 (June 1, 1995): 703–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola1995032.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Jus commune"
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Ménard, Lucie. "La jurisprudence commerciale du Consulat de Mer de Nice, entre droit sarde, droit français et jus commune (1814-1844)." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0045/document.
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Le Consulat de Mer de Nice est une juridiction commerciale et maritime souveraine, composée de magistrats professionnels, qui a évolué dans le cadre politique des Etats de la Maison de Savoie de 1613 à 1855. A la Restauration, cette institution singulière, se trouve « à l'interface » de deux systèmes juridiques, le système pluraliste du jus commune d'un côté et de l'autre le système moniste français porté par la codification napoléonienne. Le rôle ambigü de cette vaste entreprise d'uniformisation, idée chère à l'Etat et au commerce international, est au cœur du travail jurisprudentiel des magistrats du Consulat de Mer de Nice de 1814 à 1843. A partir de cette date, il n'y a plus qu'une source du droit en matière commerciale, le Code de commerce sarde qui recopie à l'identique le Code de commerce français de 1807. Le statut accordé au droit français, droit à la fois « étranger », territorial et national, par les magistrats du Consulat, ministère public et juges, préfigure cette évolution globale vers l'unification, tant dans l'intérêt étatique que pour la faveur du commerceThe Consulat de Mer de Nice is a commercial and maritime supreme court, made up of professional Magistrates. It developed within the Etats de Savoie's political sphere from 1613 to 1855. During the Restauration, this unique institution finds itself halfway between two different legal systems, the pluralist system of the jus commune on one side, and the French one tier system brought by Napoléon’s codifications on the other. From 1814 to 1843, the Consulat de Mer’s Magistrates have an ambiguous standardizing task, important both to the state and to international law. As from 1843, the Sardinian commercial Code, a copy of the French commercial Code of 1807, has become the only source of law. The value attached to french law, a foreign, territorial and national law all at the same time, foretells of the global evolution towards standardization, both in the state’s interest and to develop/ease trade
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Delegove, Nicolas. "Le droit commun et le droit spécial." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020020.
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Distinguer entre le droit commun et le droit spécial est une habitude fortement ancrée chez les juristes, dans le domaine de la théorie comme de la pratique. Les rôles attribués à cette distinction sont d’une grande diversité ; mais ils sont aussi sous la menace de deux phénomènes : la multiplication des degrés de spécialité et le développement de rapports -horizontaux - entre droits communs d'une part, et entre droits spéciaux d'autre part. Véritable "summa divisio", elle disposerait cependant toujours d’une vertu ordonnatrice très importante,tant pour le législateur que pour le juge, et tant à l’université que dans la pratique.Il y a pourtant un singulier paradoxe. Le droit commun et le droit spécial sont indéfinissables ; leur relativité est telle qu’ils ne se conçoivent pas abstraction faite l’un de l’autre. Et, toutefois, la relation qu’ils entretiennent est généralement décrite en termes d’opposition. Or, la relativité appelle bien plutôt la collaboration que l’opposition.C’est ainsi que, s’agissant de l’élaboration du droit, des influences positives sont à l’oeuvre. Le droit commun et le droit spécial se servent mutuellement de modèle. Leur évolution se déroule en contemplation l'un de l'autre. Cela permet surtout, concernant l’application du droit, de réfuter l’idée suivant laquelle le droit commun et le droit spécial s’excluraient mécaniquement. En dehors des hypothèses prévues par le droit écrit, aucun fondement ne justifie l’exclusivisme. Ce dernier ne dispose en outre que d’un régime juridique plein d’incertitude. La valeur de la solution préconisée par l’adage "Specialia generalibus derogant" n’est que celle d’une présomption, simple. « Sur-mesure », le droit spécial est supposé mieux adapté à la situation litigieuse, mais il peut concrètement se révéler moins approprié que le droit communDistinguishing between general and specific rules of law is a deeply rooted habit among civilist lawyers, concerning the field of theory as the practice one. The roles of this distinction are very different, but they are threatened by two kinds of phenomenas as well : the increasing degreesof specialization and the development of -horizontal- relationship between general rules of lawon the one hand, and specific rules of law in the other hand. As a genuine, it would work,however, always as a good way to order the priority of different rules of law for both legislature and judges, both in academia and in practice.There is however a singular paradox. The general and specific rules of law can't be defined,their relativity is such an obvious one that they inconceivable if the other doesn't exist. According to this idea, their relationship is usually described in terms of opposition. Yet, the meaning of "relativity" is closer to collaboration rather than opposition.Thus, as regards to the development of the law, positive influences are at work. General and specific rule of law are a model to each other. Their evolution takes place in contemplation ofeach part. This especially helps the application of law to refute the idea that the general andspecific rules of law are mechanically mutually exclusive. A part from the possibilities provided by statute law, no basis justifies exclusiveness. Furthermore, specific rules of law sometimes contain a lot of less-defined rules. The value of the solution advocated by the adage "specialia generalibus derogant " is just a presumption, a simple one. A specific rule of law is supposes to be perfectly adapted to a situation, but it may pragmatically, about some case, be less appropriate than the general rule of law
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Rinaldi, Ferri Benedetta. "Inside and Out the Religious House. Charity and the Circulation of Labour in Early Modern Law (Italy, 1570-1670 ca.)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025EHES0007.
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Pour les juristes du droit commun, labeur et droit-au-lieu ne font qu'un seul. Qu'il s'agisse d'une maison ou d'une ville toute entière, on s'attache au lieu autant que l'on y travaille ; et à l'inverse, on se doit de travailler à mesure que l’on y demeure et on y gagne une subsistance. La relation entre les deux est conceptualisée, ainsi que la gamme de rapports qui, de là, encadrent la circulation du travail à l'intérieur d'une communauté. Cette thèse interroge la discipline de ces circulations. Plus particulièrement, elle en propose une histoire juridique par une étude de cas : le travail en maison religieuse entre 16e et 17e siècles. Hôpitaux, monastères, couvents, ces maisons ne cessent d’accueillir, placer et replacer leurs résidents au sein de la cité. Elles les assurent d’un lieu de subsistance et les assignent en-travail, à l’intérieur de leurs structures ou auprès de particuliers. Outre que sur une série d’écrits de doctrine, propres à la tradition du droit commun tardif, la thèse se penche sur des règlements hospitaliers, des législations ecclésiastiques et des « écrits de réguliers ». Pris dans un effort de stabilisation et de rationalisation de la ressource alimentaire commune, le travail circule et se déploie en différentes configurations. « Où », « pour qui », et comment en distribuer les fruits ? Les maisons maîtrisent ce mouvement et rivalisent avec leurs contreparties au moyen de schémas stratifiés de droit alimentaire (legs d’aliments, dette d’assistance). Ces derniers se définissent moins par les formes de l’échange et de la production (louages, servitudes) que par une exigence de résidence et de « localisation »For early-modern jurists, labour and local rights were intricately intertwined. Whether in the context of a house or an entire city, individuals attached to a certain place to the degree that they worked there; conversely, they had a duty to work insofar as they inhabited and earned a living from that place. The relationship between the two phenomena was a conceptualised one, along with the range of legal forms that framed the circulation of labour within the city. This thesis examines the discipline of this circulation through a select set of legal actors. More precisely, it considers the case of labour in charity systems – i.e. Italian religious houses between the 16th and 17th centuries – deploying it as an entry point to the larger history of work relations. Institutions such as hospitals and convents were centres of a relentless effort to situate, and relocate, their respective inmates. They provided the latter with a place to live, either directly or via an external host, while also establishing them in work. Drawing on a corpus of ecclesiastical legislation, hospital regulations, and a body of “writings on regular matters”, this dissertation examines the legal nature of religious placements and realigns them with their practical purposes. As part of a larger framework, placements served as instruments of a broader effort aimed at stabilizing and rationalizing the alimentary supplies of the city (charity). In this capacity, they were deployed within a variety of legal configurations – determining where to make work, for whom, and how the fruits of such labour should be distributed. Work arrangements relied on the rules of domestic sustenance and family support (alimentary bequest, debt of assistance). Tools of exchange, such as locatio-conductio and servile forms, only partially adhered to the need to ‘locate’ labour and the communal resources that moved with it
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Luo, Gang. "La protection de l'autonomie personnelle en matière matrimoniale dans le cadre des traditions juridiques européenne et chinoise : études comparatives sur la transformation historique vers un nouveau "ius commune" de la liberté matrimoniale à la lumière des droits français, allemand, anglais et du droit chinois." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D005.
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Dans une actualité où l’institution matrimoniale est devenue l’expression d’une liberté individuelle, s’élevant au niveau du droit constitutionnel et du droit international, on se demande d’abord si un nouveau droit commun à cet égard est né à la base des traditions européenne et chinoise, et puis dans quelle mesure. Ces réponses dépendent étroitement d’un regard sur le passé de cette institution à la lumière du droit comparé. Fondé sur le droit romano-canonique, le ius commune europaeum avait laissé une grande liberté comme le consensualisme romain à la conclusion du mariage mais exclu le divorce, ce qui avait été suivi par les droits français, allemand et anglais jusqu’au XVIème siècle. C’est la Réforme protestante au XVIème siècle et les codifications nationales au XVIIIème et XIXème siècle qui ont fait l’éclatement de ce vieux droit commun. Toutefois, la notion de liberté individuelle et la réclamation d’égalité juridique ont jeté des bases d’un nouveau droit commun de la liberté matrimoniale qui évoque non seulement la liberté de se marier mais celle de divorcer. C’est depuis le XXème siècle que la notion européenne de liberté matrimoniale, du moins en tant qu’« état d’esprit », a pénétré dans l’ordre juridique chinois, aboutissant à la rupture chinoise avec son héritage traditionnel qui avait rendu défavorisée et inégalitaire la liberté individuelle des époux, et à la naissance d’un nouveau droit commun qui traverse les deux traditions. Néanmoins, une telle convergence, en raison de la contrainte culturelle étant le fruit d’évolutions historiques distinctes, n’est encore qu’un rapprochement conceptuel et idéologiqueIn the current situation where the matrimonial institution has become the expression of an individual freedom, rising to the level of constitutional law and international law, questions may arise as to, first, whether a new ius commune in this respect has been born on the basis of Chinese and European legal traditions, and then, to what extent. The answers closely depend on a glance at the past of this institution in the light of comparative law. Based on Romano-Canon law, the ius commune europaeum had left a considerable freedom as Roman consensus to the conclusion of marriage, but excluded the divorce, which had been followed by French, German and English laws until the 16th century. It is the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and national codifications of the 18th and 19th century that maked this old ius commune burst. Nevertheless, the notion of individual freedom and the claim of legal equality provided the basis for a new ius commune of matrimonial freedom that evokes not only the freedom to marry but also the freedom to divorce. It is since the 20th century that the European notion of matrimonial freedom, at least as a “state of spirit”, penetrated into the Chinese legal order, leading to China’s break with its traditional heritage that had made the individual freedom of the spouses disadvantaged and unequal, and to the birth of a new ius commune crossing the two traditions. However, such a convergence, due to the cultural constraint being the fruit of distinct historical evolutions, is still only a conceptual and ideological rapprochement
In der gegenwärtigen Situation, wo die Institution der Ehe zum Ausdruck der individuellen Freiheit geworden ist, die sich auf dem Niveau des Verfassungs- und Völkerrechts erhoben hat, ist zunächst zu hinterfragen, ob ein neues gemeines Recht in dieser Hinsicht entstanden ist, das sich aus der europäischen und chinesischen Rechtstraditionen ergibt, und dann inwieweit. Die Antworten auf diese Fragen hängen in hohem Maße von einem Blick zurück in die Vergangenheit dieser Institution im Lichte der Rechtsvergleichung. Das römisch-kanonische Ius commune, das bis zum 16. Jahrhundert von der französischen, deutschen, englischen Rechte gefolgt worden war, hatte der Eheschließung eine grosse Freiheit wie römische Konsensvereinbarung gelassen, aber die Ehescheidung ausgeschlossen. Die protestantische Reformation im 16. Jahrhundert und die Nationalkodifikationen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert zersplitterten dieses alte gemeine Recht. Allerdings schufen der Gedanke der individuellen Freiheit und die Einforderung der Rechtsgleichheit wichtige Grundlagen für einen neuen gemeinen Recht von Ehefreiheit, das sich nicht nur auf die Eheschließungsfreiheit sondern auch auf die Ehescheidungsfreiheit beruft. Seit 20. Jahrhundert ist der europäische Begriff von Ehefreiheit zumindest als eine „Geisteshaltung“ in die chinesische Rechtsordnung eingeführt worden. Dies hat dazu geführt, dass China mit dem traditionellen Erbe gebrochen hat, das die individuelle Freiheit der Ehegatten benachteiligt hatte, und dass ein neues gemeines Recht quer durch diese zwei Rechtstraditionen entstanden ist. Aufgrund der kulturellen Einschränkung, die auf unterschiedliche historische Entwicklungen zurückzuführen sind, ist dennoch eine solche Angleichung noch immer eine konzeptionelle und ideologische Annäherung
当前，婚姻制度已经演进成为个人自由的表达，并且上升到了宪法与国际法的层面，于是人们不禁要问，在这一方面基于中欧两大法律传统的新的“共同法”是否已经形成？如果有，在多大的范围内呢？这些答案紧紧地取决于从比较法的角度对这个制度既往史的考察。根植于中世纪罗马教会法的“欧洲共同法”对婚姻的缔结赋予了极大的自由，如罗马式意思一致，但却排除了离婚自由，并在十六世纪以前被法国法、德国法以及英格兰法所共同遵循。正是欧洲十六世纪的宗教改革以及十八和十九世纪的民族国家法典化运动打碎了旧的“共同法”秩序。尽管如此，个人自由的观念和法律平等的诉求为婚姻自由新一轮的“共同法”奠定了基础，不仅涉及结婚自由，还扩大到离婚自由。正是二十世纪以来，婚姻自由的欧洲观念，起码作为一种“精神状态”，被引入中国法律秩序，使中国与其传统遗产（夫妻个人自由的不尊重和不平等）相决裂，横跨两大法律传统的新一轮“共同法” 也相应诞生。然而，由于不同历史演进所带来的文化束缚，这样的一种趋同，目前还只是处于一种概念上和观念形态上的接近。
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Brahem, Marwa. "Caractérisation des interactions non-covalentes entre les procyanidines et les parois : Impact de la maturation des poires." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0692/document.
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Afin d’étudier l’impact de la surmaturation des poires sur les interactions parois-procyanidins, les parois et les procyanidines ont été isolées et caractérisées à partir d’une variété de poire à poiré à deux stade de maturité : mûres et surmatures. Leurs associations ont été quantifiées par la méthode des isothermes de Langmuir et par calorimétrie à titration isotherme.Les poires à poiré sont riches en procyanidines très polymérisées dont les unités constitutives sont principalement constituées de (-)-épicatéchine. Les parois du parenchyme et des cellules parenchymateuses sont principalement constituées de pectines hautement methylées et ramifiées alors que les parois des cellules pierreuses et de l’épiderme sont plutôt lignifiées et riches en hémicelluloses.La surmaturation n’induit pas de modification de la composition et ni de la distribution de la masse molaire des procyanidines. Par contre, la distribution des aggrégats de procyanidines dans les vacuoles change, de dispersée (poires mûres) à adjacente au tonoplaste (poire surmatures). Entre le stade mûr et surmature, les parois de poire perdent des chaînes latérales pectiques, principalement les chaînes d’arabinanes et de galactanes des parois du parenchyme et des cellules parenchymateuses.L'affinité des procyanidines vis-à-vis des parois diminue dans l’ordre suivant : cellules parenchymateuses> parenchyme>cellules pierreuses>épiderme d’après les isothermes de Langmuir. La quantité de procyanidines fixées sur les parois augmente avec la surmaturation surtout pour les parois de cellules pierreuses (et le parenchyme total). La calorimétrie à titration isotherme montre que la surmaturation induit également une modification du mécanisme de l’association parois-procyanidines en modifiant la balance hydrophile hydrophobe pour les cellules parenchymateuses.L'augmentation de la capacité d’adsorption des parois vis-à-vis des procyanidines à la surmaturation a été confirmée par des pressages de jus. Les jus de poires mûres sont plus riches en procyanidines que le jus extraits à partir poires surmatures alors que la concentration en procyanidines dans les fruits n’a pas changéIn order to study overripening impact on cell wall–procyanidin interactions, perry pear cell walls and procyanidins were isolated and characterized at ripe and overripe stage. Their associations were quantified using Langmuir isotherms and isothermal titration calorimetry.Perry pears were rich in procyanidins with high degree of polymerization and their constitutive units were mainly (-)-epicatechin. Cell walls isolated from the whole flesh and parenchyma cells were characterized by extremely methylated pectin and highly branched rhamnogalacturonans whereas cell walls from stone cells and skin were more lignified and rich in hemicelluloses.Overripening did not modify procyanidin structure and molar mass distribution, but the distribution of the procyanidin-containg aggregates in the vacuoles was modified, from dispersed in ripe pears to close to the tonoplast in overripe pears. Between the ripe and overripe stage, pear cell walls lost pectic side chains, arabinans and galactan, mostly from cell walls isolated from parenchyma cells and the whole flesh.The affinity between procyanidins and cell walls decreased as follows: parenchyma cells > flesh > stone cells > skin as reported by Langmuir isotherms. The amount of bound procyanidins increased at the overripe stage notably for the cell walls from stone cells and whole flesh. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that overripening induced the modification of cell wall binding mechanism especially for parenchyma cells where interactions were driven by hydrophobic interactions.The increase of procyanidin binding capacity at the overripe stage was confirmed by juice pressing where overripe pear juices were poorer in procyanidins than ripe pear juices whereas fruit procyanidin contents did not change with overripening
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Stern, Rebecca H. "Not Just Common Sense: Principled Sensemaking and Implementation of the Common Core at Two Middle Schools." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106723.
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Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-SmithAcross the nation, most states are implementing a new set of standards- and accountability-based reforms: the Common Core State Standards and their accompanying assessments. Unfortunately, the perspectives of school-based educators are largely missing from policy and implementation decisions about the Common Core. To address some of the gaps in previous research, the purpose of this dissertation—a comparative case study of two middle schools on the East Coast of the United States—was to describe and analyze school-based educators’ perceptions of and responses to the Common Core and the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC) Exam. Data analysis revealed that educators in the two schools generally worked from an inquiry stance on teaching, learning, and schooling (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 2009) in that they collectively and critically analyzed the intentions of educational policy and practice based in part on their beliefs about student-centered, constructivist teaching and learning. Consistent with this perspective, they made sense of the Common Core and SBAC based on the degree of alignment they perceived between their own educational values and beliefs, on the one hand, and the values and beliefs that animated the policies, on the other hand, which I conceptualized as “principled sensemaking.” How the educators actually implemented the Common Core and SBAC was the result of the intersection of their principled sensemaking of these standards-based reforms and the degree of agency they had over policy implementation. I termed this type of response to policy “principled implementation.” Four types of principled implementation were identified: principled adoption, principled neglect, principled compliance, and principled resistance. New understandings of school-based educators’ unique, critical, and nuanced perceptions of the Common Core and SBAC and how they believe the Common Core and SBAC influence teaching and learning have the capacity to inform decisions about the future of the Common Core in schools, and contributes to a broader understanding of how school-based educators take up and respond to standards- and accountability-based reforms
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Falq, Anne-Elisabeth. "Dominances en programmation linéaire : ordonnancement autour d’une date d’échéance commune." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS128.
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Les problèmes d’ordonnancement sont des problèmes d’optimisation combinatoire modélisant la gestion de projets: il s’agit de planifier l’exécution de tâches, sous des contraintes de ressources ou de précédence et de manière à minimiser un coût ou maximiser un gain. On appelle programmation linéaire en nombres entiers (PLNE) l’optimisation d’une fonction linéaire sur les points entiers vérifiant un lot de contraintes linéaires. Cet outil permet de modéliser de nombreux problèmes de recherche opérationnelle, qui peuvent alors être résolus par des solveurs implémentant l’algorithme du simplexe dans un schéma de branchement et évaluation. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’un problème d’ordonnancement où les tâches doivent être exécutées sur une machine de manière à minimiser les pénalités d’avance et de retard par rapport à une date de fin souhaitée commune. Grâce à des propriétés dites de dominance utilisées par la communauté de l’ordonnancement, nous avons fourni plusieurs formulations PLNE modélisant ce problème. Les premières formulations, basées sur des variables continues comparables à des dates de fin, dites variables naturelles, utilisent des inégalités de non-chevauchement. Les dernières formulations, basées sur des variables booléennes de partitions, reposent sur un type nouveau d’inégalités linéaires qui traduisant des propriétés de dominanceScheduling problems are combinatorial optimization problems arising in project management: the aim is to schedule tasks execution under resource constraints or precedence constraints so as to minimize a cost or maximize a gain. An integer linear programm (ILP° consists in optimizing a linear objective function over the integer points satisfying linear constraints. A lot of operation research problems can be formulated as ILP, and then be solved by commercial ILP. This thesis focuses on a single machine scheduling problem where earliness and tardiness with respect to a common due date have to be minimized. Thanks to so-called dominance properties used in the scheduling field, we propose several ILP formulation for this problem. First formulations, which are based on continuous variables similar to completion times variables (natural variables), use non-overlapping inequalities. Last formulations, which are based on binary partition variables, rely on a new type of linear inequalities that translate dominance properties
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Peterson, Erick. "The strategic utility of U.S. Navy Seals." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FPeterson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Rothstein, Hy. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: U.S. Navy SEALs, SEALs, Naval Special Warfare, NSW, Special Operations Forces, SOF, SOCOM, SOF Culture, Comparative Advantage, Strategic Utility. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-103). Also available in print.
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Place, David S. Grubbs Gregory A. "Empirical evaluation of a model of team collaboration using selected transcripts from September 11, 2001." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FPlace.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Command, Control and Communication (C3)))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Hutchins, Susan G. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Team Collaboration, Team Communication, NORAD, NEADS, September 11, 2001, Cognition, Macro-cognition, Model of Team Collaboration. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-198). Also available in print.
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Ireland, Robert D. "Autonomous vehicle systems implications for maritime operations, warfare capabilities, and Command and Control /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FIreland.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Command, Control, and Communications))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Gallup, Shelley P.; Second Reader: MacKinnon, Douglas J. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Machine Autonomy, AVS, USV, UUV, Navy Tactical Task List, Situational Awareness, Congruence Model, Decision Superiority, Maritime ISR. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51). Also available in print.
Books on the topic "Jus commune"
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Society, Stair, ed. Scotland under Jus commune: Census of manuscripts of legal literature in Scotland, mainly between 1500 and 1660. Edinburgh: The Stair Society, 2010.
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Mahiques, Carlos A. La noción jurídica de tortura y de penas y tratamientos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes, en el derecho penal internacional, un nuevo jus commune. Buenos Aires: EDUCA, Editorial de la Universidad Católica Argentina, 2003.
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Haryana (India). Economic and Statistical Organisation., ed. Evaluation study of command area development programme in Jui Canal command area. [Chandigarh]: Issued by Economic and Statistical Organisation, Planning Dept., Haryana, 1986.
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Frances, Hesselbein, Shinseki Eric K, Xiang Ni, United States Army, and Leader to Leader Institute, eds. Meiguo lu jun ling dao li shou ce: Be, know, do : leadership the Army way. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2004.
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Rockwood, Lawrence. Walking away from Nuremberg: Just war and the doctrine of command responsibility. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007.
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Mills, Allen George. Fool for Christ: The political thought of J.S. Woodsworth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.
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Swaine, Michael D. The military & political succession in China: Leadership, institutions, beliefs. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1992.
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Alberts, David S. Xin xi shi dai jun shi bian ge yu zhi hui kong zhi =: Military transformation, command and control in the information age. Beijing: Dian zi gong ye chu ban she, 2005.
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Abrashoff. Zhei shi ni de chuan: Lai zi mei guo hai jun de yang guang guan li fa. Beijing: Ji xie gong ye chu ban she, 2004.
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Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute and Army War College (U.S.). Press, eds. Assessing the People's Liberation Army in the Hu Jintao era. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press, 2014.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Jus commune"
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Sharan, Kishori. "The jjs Command-Line Tool." In Scripting in Java, 295–306. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0713-0_10.
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Linderfalk, Ulf. "Reservations to Treaties and Norms of Jus Cogens — A Comment on Human Rights Committee General Comment No. 24." In Reservations to Human Rights Treaties and the Vienna Convention Regime, 213–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6019-5_10.
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Righetti, Tara. "Just Transitions in Extractive Territories." In Just Transitions, 227–33. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46282-5_30.
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AbstractThe energy transition will have profound impacts on extractive territories—those that currently produce fossil-based fuel minerals and those that will be transformed by production of the critical minerals and materials necessary for clean energy production. To fossil-fuel extraction regions, the energy transition may result in collapse of existing social and fiscal systems. Energy justice demands recognition of these harms, restoration of past environmental damage and underinvestment, and fair procedures to allow full participation and autonomy within a transformed and decarbonized energy and economic system. This must commence with restorative justice efforts that a mutualized with local priorities and are not conditioned on acceptance of new risks. Assuring fulfillment of the existing social contract in areas of fossil-based fuel and energy production is tantamount to a just transition and to building social license in emerging areas of resource production.
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Reyes, Luis Fernando Bastidas, and Luis Bustos. "Energy Justice, Prior Consultation and Energy Supply for Communities in Colombia." In Just Transitions, 107–12. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46282-5_15.
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AbstractUnder the Colombian prior consultation experience, it is normal for agreements with ethnic communities to deal with labor relations and capital contributions to strengthen communities’ self-government and to carry out productive projects. On the other hand, it is less common for these protected groups to obtain benefits from services or products that involve the development of measures subject to consultation. Here, the importance of considering the adaptation of the current Colombian energy regulation is raised by applying energy justice theory to situations where communities coexist with the energy projects and are disaggregated from the energy supply. Noting that these types of actions will be essential to accomplish the purposes of the energy transition and support the transformation to carbon–neutral economies, we will be aiming to respond to highly complex scenarios, typical of regions that accumulate a prominent social debt, mainly related to poverty reduction.
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Giacomini, Terran. "An ecofeminist perspective on the just transition from capitalism to commons." In Climate Justice and Community Renewal, 194–205. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429277146-13.
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Kaptein, Maurits. "The Sciences During the New Common: A Missed Opportunity?" In The New Common, 111–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65355-2_16.
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AbstractBy Wednesday, July 22, 2020, the coronavirus had killed over 611,000 people and infected over fourteen million globally. It devastated lives and will continue to do so for a long time to come; the economic consequences of the pandemic are only just starting to materialize. This makes it a challenging time to write about the new common. However, we need to start somewhere. At some point, we need to reflect on our own roles, the roles of our institutions, the importance of our economy, and the future fabric of everyday life. In this chapter, I will discuss one minor—and compared to the current crisis seemingly inconsequential—aspect of the new common: I will discuss my worry that we are on the verge of missing the opportunity to properly (re-)define the role of the sciences as we move from our old to our new common.
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Leuven, Joost. "Comment: The Current State of Nonhuman Animal Agency." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 155–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_9.
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AbstractNonhuman animals frequently rebel against human domination. The existence of such cases of rebellion forces us to consider the moral importance of agency in nonhuman animal lives. It is necessary that moral philosophers look critically at the topic of self-realization in nonhuman animals. By reflecting on the attempts by the authors in this section of the book to do just that, this comment aims to make sense of nonhuman animal agency in the Anthropocene.
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Aarts, Emile, Hein Fleuren, Margriet Sitskoorn, and Ton Wilthagen. "The Dawn of a New Common." In The New Common, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65355-2_1.
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AbstractOn Thursday, February 27, 2020, during a live broadcast on television, Minister Bruno Bruin is handed a note saying that it has just been confirmed that a patient with the coronavirus has been identified in the Netherlands. Allegedly, it concerns a man who is placed in isolation in the Elisabeth-Tweesteden hospital in Tilburg.This is where the story of our book starts. The hospital mentioned by the minister is hardly a kilometer away from our university, Tilburg University. Things now start to develop quickly. During several weeks, the region of Tilburg becomes the “Corona Capital” of the Netherlands in terms of the number of people infected. On March 18, Minister Bruno Bruins collapses due to exhaustion during a debate in the Government’s House of Representatives. The following day, he resigns and soon after is temporarily replaced by a politician of a party that is not part of the current political coalition. Two days earlier, the country had gone into a lockdown after a historical speech of Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte.
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Swart, J. A. A. "Comment: Sharing Our World with Wild Animals." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 483–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_26.
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AbstractWild animals are falling increasingly under threat as their habitats are being disrupted by human activities and global warming. At the same time, we see wild animals such as wolves actually settling in human landscapes. This forces us to rethink how we can live together with other living beings, with whom we share one earth. The contributions in this book section can be seen as attempts to do just that. However, these developments also challenge the traditional ethical approach towards wild animals, concisely worded as “Let them be”. That falls short in the current era, in which semi-wild, contact zone, and liminal animals are recognized. Animals, whether living in natural or human landscapes, all make opportunistic use of all sorts of resources – including human ones. If circumstances change, either due to natural or human-made causes, they will enter into new interactions with their environment to survive. They are nodes in a dynamic, heterogeneous network of dependency relationships that increasingly includes humans. In this chapter a framework is proposed to indicate the presence of wild animals in the human landscape based on the species’ adaptability and their degree of dependence on humans. The framework shows that species strongly differ in their vulnerability and that a diversity of measures is required in a world in which human and animal domains increasingly merge. Recognizing that we do not have exclusive rights to the earth implies an impersonal care perspective for wild animals as fellow-earthlings. It requires the reconsideration of our ethics, philosophies, culture and politics.
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da Silva, Vera M. F., and Lucas G. Spinelli. "Play, Sexual Display, or Just Boredom Relief?" In Sex in Cetaceans, 153–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_8.
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AbstractCetaceans use objects and interact with conspecifics for play and socializing, often exhibiting complex behaviors that we do not understand. A few seconds of activity on the water’s surface rarely indicates intraspecific behaviors and interactions. What has already been described chiefly for common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) has been extrapolated to other species, with little information on river dolphins despite their accessibility. In this chapter, we review what is known about sexually related behaviors in different contexts, such as learning, play, sexual display, aggression, and boredom (weariness and restlessness through a lack of interest) among cetacean species, especially the Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis).
Conference papers on the topic "Jus commune"
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Whalley, Matthew, Chad Goerzen, Marc Takahashi, Marcos Berrios, Hossein Mansur, Joseph Minor, Carl Ott, Zachariah Morford, Ernesto Moralez, and Gregory Schulein. "Flight Test Results for a New Mission-Adaptive Autonomy System on the RASCAL JUH-60A Black Hawk." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–31. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11567.
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Flight test results are presented for a pilot-selectable autonomous system designed within a framework termed "Mission-Adaptive Autonomy." The system was tested on the U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate (ADD) RASCAL JUH-60A Black Hawk and included features such as obstacle field navigation, safe landing area determination with selectable landing points, threat avoidance, selectable flight level control, any-time redirection, and pilot-autonomy shared control. Control and display interfaces were designed to enable a pilot to work in concert with the available autonomy. Autonomy status and intent was displayed using both newly developed moving map symbology and symbology derived from existing forward-flight and landing-approach displays. Pilots were able to switch between autonomous control and conventional Level 1 attitude-command/attitude-hold (ACAH) manual control laws at will. Operationally relevant mission tasks were flown in a simulated degraded visual environment over urban areas with defined traffic control regions and at low level in mountainous terrain with pop-up threats. Three configurations were tested: 1) a baseline ACAH system with no autonomous features, 2) a display-only configuration that provided autonomous navigation guidance via display symbology, and 3) a full Mission-Adaptive Autonomy configuration.
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Takahashi, Marc, Chad Goerzen, Matthew Whalley, Hossein Mansur, Joseph Minor, Zachariah Morford, Carl Ott, and Greg Schulein. "Autonomous Rotorcraft Flight Control with Multi-Level Pilot Interaction in Hover and Forward Flight." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–21. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11566.
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This paper describes the development and flight testing of an autonomous flight control system that allows for different levels of pilot interaction in both hover and forward flight. Three modes of operations are described, fully coupled autonomy, additive control, and piloted decoupled attitude-command. These modes are demonstrated on the Rotorcraft Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL) JUH-60A Black Hawk integrated with Obstacle Field Navigation (OFN) and Safe Landing Area Determination (SLAD) algorithms that both use a line scanning LADAR as their primary sensor. The paper will describe the control system, its performance, and demonstrate how it was used to transition into these modes while flying mission scenarios through mountainous terrain at speeds from hover to 100 kts.
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Song, Zhigang, Michael Tenney, Larry Fischer, and Dave Albert. "SRAM Single Bit Cell Soft Failure and Nanoprobing Methods." In ISTFA 2024, 28–34. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2024p0028.
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Abstract SRAM is often chosen to be the process qualification vehicle during technology development or yield learning vehicle during product manufacturing, and consequently failure analysis of SRAM is the main feedback for process improvement and yield learning. The most common SRAM failure is single bit cell failure. Although its location can be precisely localized by functional test and the defect causing the failure is within the failing bit cell, its failure analysis becomes more and more challenging in advanced technology nodes. As semiconductor technology continuously scales down, SRAM bit cell size and power supply voltage decrease, resulting in increased transistor strength variation and mismatch. SRAM single bit cell soft failures have become more and more common. For such a failure, its defect is usually subtle or even there is not physical defect at most cases. The soft failure is just due to transistor parameter variation. To evaluate the single bit cell soft failure and identify its root cause, electrical nano-probing is an indispensable measure. In this paper, we will first describe the operation of a 6-Transistor (6-T) SRAM single bit cell and three different types of single bit cell soft failures, then discuss the two electrical nano-probing methods for the SRAM single bit cell soft failure.
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Liu, Zhongxin, Xin Xia, Meng Yan, and Shanping Li. "Automating just-in-time comment updating." In ASE '20: 35th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3324884.3416581.
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Patca, Cosmin. "Working methods and techniques in the research of local history in northwestern Romania. Case study: The settlements in Valcău de Jos commune, Sălaj county." In Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.05.
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Local monographic studies from a historical perspective are currently necessary for the correct understanding of the historical realities in the Romanian space. Starting from particular cases, monographs of villages, communes, cities, principalities/voivodeships, monographs of regions and the country can be made. As research involving transdisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, local monographs have been approached over time by researchers from different fields: historians, geographers, philologists, folklorists, sociologists. Today there is a significant number of monographic studies of villages, communes or cities, but many of them suffer from a qualitative point of view. The case study of the settlements in Valcău de Jos commune, Sălaj county, aims to present specific working methods and techniques in the research of local history in the northwestern part of Romania, in order to contribute to the qualitative growth of these studies.
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Moy, Cameron, Julia Belyakova, Alexi Turcotte, Sara Di Bartolomeo, and Cody Dunne. "Just TYPEical: Visualizing Common Function Type Signatures in R." In 2020 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vis47514.2020.00031.
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Kariklić, Jasmina, and Valentina Marinković. "RISKS IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN DURING OFF-LABEL USE OF DRUGS IN OBESITY THERAPY AND EXAMPLES." In XX International Convention on Quality JUSK ICQ 2024. United Association of Serbia for Quality, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/jusk-icqxx.077k.
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Off-label use is defined as use of a medicine for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration. Off-label use in most cases is not considered illegal, inappropriate, experimental, usualy only a detailed analysis of benefits and risks are missing. One of the approved off-label uses of drug Metformin is in obesity treatment, which achieves its weight-reducing effect through common and very common side effects (digestive problems). Although currently FDA-approved only for diabetics, Ozempic is being used as an off-label, due to its popularity on social networks, to help the non-diabetic patients to reduce weight. Based on the results of the FMEA method, we can determine and evaluate the priority in control and risk assessment. It is necessary to precisely define the descriptive terms of occurrence (O), severity (S), detection (D), with the associated quantitative values, as well as an overview of the risk ranking system
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Wu, Yu-Sheng, Po-Yen Chang, and Su-Nan Chen. "Abstract B53: Cytotoxic effect of 21kDa protein and antitumor effect of 31KDa protein derived from mushroom, schizophyllum commune." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Translational Cancer Medicine-- Jul 11-14, 2010; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.tcmusa10-b53.
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Guo, Shikai, Xihui Xu, Hui Li, and Rong Chen. "Deep Just-In-Time Consistent Comment Update via Source Code Changes." In 2022 IEEE 13th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Programming (PAAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/paap56126.2022.10010469.
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Sturlaugson, Brent. "Materials Commons." In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.59.
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In this paper, I argue that the deconstruction of vacant buildings in historically disinvested neighborhoods can be leveraged to reimagine property and labor relations—and their attendant spatial configurations—toward a more socially just and ecologically viable future. The paper consists of three parts, offering Baltimore as a case study. First, I contextualize vacancy in Baltimore by summarizing the policies and practices that created zones of racialized disinvestment where residents lack access to adequate resources, which renders the private accumulation of capital ineffective in the creation of wealth and power. Second, I argue for a reconceptualization of urban space through systems of collective ownership and cooperative enterprise. Building on the history of Black cooperatives in Baltimore and elsewhere, I highlight the ongoing work of community land trusts and reclaimed material stocks to situate these efforts within a broader context of collective organizing. Third, I offer a framework for rightsizing a prototypical block through targeted deconstruction and material reuse in the creation of a neighborhood commons. To simulate redevelopment and promote agency among affected communities, I describe a boardgame in which players define the rules and control the outcome. And by way of conclusion, I summarize the debut of the game as part of a graduate design studio at Morgan State University, where students tested its range of possible outcomes.
Reports on the topic "Jus commune"
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Gravitis, Inara. Symposium on Command and Control Research (1988) Held in Monterey, California on Jun 7-9, 1988. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241144.
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Raj, Sushil. Conservation and Human Rights - Building Together for Nature and Planet: A Common Agenda for Equitable, Just, and Durable Conservation. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2024.report.50800.
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Pearce, Fred. Common Ground: Securing land rights and safeguarding the earth. Rights and Resources Initiative, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/homt4176.
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Up to 2.5 billion people depend on indigenous and community lands, which make up over 50 percent of the land on the planet; they legally own just one-fifth. The remaining land remains unprotected and vulnerable to land grabs from more powerful entities like governments and corporations. There is growing evidence of the vital role played by full legal ownership of land by indigenous peoples and local communities in preserving cultural diversity and in combating poverty and hunger, political instability and climate change. The importance of protecting and expanding indigenous and community ownership of land has been a key element in the negotiations of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement on climate change, and is central to their successful implementation. This report launches a Global Call to Action on Indigenous and Community Land Rights, backed by more than 300 organizations all over the world. It is a manifesto of solidarity with the ongoing struggles of indigenous peoples and local communities seeking to secure their land rights once and for all.
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Papastergiou, Vasilis. Detention as the Default: How Greece, with the support of the EU, is generalizing administrative detention of migrants. Oxfam, Greek Council for Refugees, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8250.
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Putting migrants and asylum seekers into detention for administrative reasons is a common practice in Greece, despite this policy contravening human rights. Greek authorities are using detention and the new EU-funded closed compounds as a way to discourage people from seeking asylum in Europe. Detention, as outlined in Greek law, should only be used as a final resort and only then in specific instances. Detention carries with it not only a financial cost, but also a considerable moral cost. Detention without just cause violates basic human rights, such as freedom of movement, the right to health and the right to family life. Alternatives to detention exist and must be prioritized.
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McCulloch, Neil. Energy Protests and Citizen Voice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.062.
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Recent years have seen energy protests erupt in many countries around the world. Globally, countries are wrestling with the need to achieve a just transition away from fossil fuels while at the same time ensuring access to affordable energy. Protests often have a common root cause: the undemocratic nature of energy policymaking. This Policy Briefing describes findings from research conducted in Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, as well as from a global, cross-country study, and the insights from an International Roundtable. It asks how and under which conditions do struggles over energy in fragile and conflict-affected settings empower citizens to hold public authorities to account?
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Olstad, Tyra, J. Beeco, J. Hutchinson, Damon Joyce, Brian Peterson, J. Beeco, J. Hutchinson, Damon Joyce, Tyra Olstad, and Brian Peterson. Spatial patterns of overflights at Bryce Canyon National Park, updated 2023?2024. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2307673.
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This study explores spatial patterns of overflights at Bryce Canyon National Park (BRCA), using Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data collected between August 14, 2023 and September 03, 2024. It expands upon an earlier report using data collected only through March 2024, looking for potential changes to patterns during busy spring and summer seasons. The methodology remains largely the same. Phase 1 of analysis considered all overflights, finding commuter traffic following major flight paths dominates airspace near the park. Phase 2 focused on low-level overflights travelling below 11,500 feet mean sea level (MSL) and within 10 miles of the BRCA boundary. It found that most flights occur between 10,000?10,500 feet MSL. Flights below 8,500 feet MSL concentrate around the Bryce Canyon Airport just outside the park and the main scenic amphitheater within the park. Phase 3 of analysis removed all civil patrol flights, major airlines, and survey flights, leaving low-level overflights including air tours. Kernel density analysis revealed that these flights concentrate in the northwest corner of the park at an altitude interval of 501?1,000 feet above ground level (AGL), and over the main amphitheater and Fairyland / Tropic Ditch between 1,500?2,000 feet AGL. Temporal analysis indicates that the most popular time of day for overflights is midday, though there are few weekly or seasonal patterns. Fixed-wing single engine airplanes are the most common aircraft, used for two thirds of flights, with relatively few rotorcraft. Very few of the datapoints either follow flightpaths designated in the park?s Air Tour Management Plan or are attributable to permitted commercial air tour operators. While ADS-B data can help park managers understand general patterns of air traffic in the vicinity, for BRCA, ADS-B alone does not provide enough useful information for monitoring commercial air tour traffic at this time.
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Cordeiro de Amorim, Renato. A survey on feature weighting based K-Means algorithms. Web of Open Science, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/ser.v1i2.79.
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In a real-world data set there is always the possibility, rather high in our opinion, that different features may have different degrees of relevance. Most machine learning algorithms deal with this fact by either selecting or deselecting features in the data preprocessing phase. However, we maintain that even among relevant features there may be different degrees of relevance, and this should be taken into account during the clustering process. With over 50 years of history, K-Means is arguably the most popular partitional clustering algorithm there is. The first K-Means based clustering algorithm to compute feature weights was designed just over 30 years ago. Various such algorithms have been designed since but there has not been, to our knowledge, a survey integrating empirical evidence of cluster recovery ability, common flaws, and possible directions for future research. This paper elaborates on the concept of feature weighting and addresses these issues by critically analysing some of the most popular, or innovative, feature weighting mechanisms based in K-Means
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Tarasenko, Rostyslav O., Svitlana M. Amelina, and Albert A. Azaryan. Improving the content of training future translators in the aspect of studying modern CAT tools. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3877.
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The article deals with the search for improving the content of training for future translators, taking into account the expansion of the use of information technologies in the field of translation. The results of a study of curriculums for translators at the universities of Europe, America and Asia are presented. The use of CAT systems in the work of translation agencies is shown. The presentation of various CAT systems in training programs for translators and their use in the market of translation services is analyzed. It has been established that both university curricula and translation agencies are oriented, as a rule, not to one, but to several CAT systems. The results of a student survey based on their practice in translation agencies are presented. Recommendations have been developed regarding the inclusion of the most common CAT systems in the training program for translators. The expediency of studying not just one, but several CAT systems is substantiated. The necessity of studying both desktop and cloud CAT systems is indicated.
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O'Connor, Jack, Caitlyn Eberle, Liliana Narvaez, Oscar Higuera Roa, Robert Oakes, Edward Sparkes, and Zita Sebesvari. Interconnected Disaster Risks. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/usdg7258.
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The 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses 10 disasters from around the world and explains that these events are interconnected with each other, with other larger, underlying societal processes, and with our collective behaviors and actions. Through forensic analysis, the key root causes featured among the 10 cases were an Insufficient risk governance, related to laws and practices that perpetuated or created complications in the formation of the disaster, and Undervaluing environmental costs, signifying the tendency to prioritize the economic costs of an endeavor over the potential environmental impacts. The report also identifies solutions that can help to prevent or better manage them in the future. Common solutions included Letting nature work and Innovating, but cannot be implemented in isolation given the interconnected nature of the disasters. To this end, solution packages were designed for each of the ten cases, showing how solutions themselves must be interconnected to make a lasting impact. Improving our understanding of the role of interconnectivity not just in the causes of disasters but also in turn their solutions is key for finding innovative ways to enhance our disaster risk reduction strategies.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.
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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.