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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jus commune'
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1
Ménard, Lucie. "La jurisprudence commerciale du Consulat de Mer de Nice, entre droit sarde, droit français et jus commune (1814-1844)." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0045/document.
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Le Consulat de Mer de Nice est une juridiction commerciale et maritime souveraine, composée de magistrats professionnels, qui a évolué dans le cadre politique des Etats de la Maison de Savoie de 1613 à 1855. A la Restauration, cette institution singulière, se trouve « à l'interface » de deux systèmes juridiques, le système pluraliste du jus commune d'un côté et de l'autre le système moniste français porté par la codification napoléonienne. Le rôle ambigü de cette vaste entreprise d'uniformisation, idée chère à l'Etat et au commerce international, est au cœur du travail jurisprudentiel des magistrats du Consulat de Mer de Nice de 1814 à 1843. A partir de cette date, il n'y a plus qu'une source du droit en matière commerciale, le Code de commerce sarde qui recopie à l'identique le Code de commerce français de 1807. Le statut accordé au droit français, droit à la fois « étranger », territorial et national, par les magistrats du Consulat, ministère public et juges, préfigure cette évolution globale vers l'unification, tant dans l'intérêt étatique que pour la faveur du commerceThe Consulat de Mer de Nice is a commercial and maritime supreme court, made up of professional Magistrates. It developed within the Etats de Savoie's political sphere from 1613 to 1855. During the Restauration, this unique institution finds itself halfway between two different legal systems, the pluralist system of the jus commune on one side, and the French one tier system brought by Napoléon’s codifications on the other. From 1814 to 1843, the Consulat de Mer’s Magistrates have an ambiguous standardizing task, important both to the state and to international law. As from 1843, the Sardinian commercial Code, a copy of the French commercial Code of 1807, has become the only source of law. The value attached to french law, a foreign, territorial and national law all at the same time, foretells of the global evolution towards standardization, both in the state’s interest and to develop/ease trade
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Delegove, Nicolas. "Le droit commun et le droit spécial." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020020.
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Distinguer entre le droit commun et le droit spécial est une habitude fortement ancrée chez les juristes, dans le domaine de la théorie comme de la pratique. Les rôles attribués à cette distinction sont d’une grande diversité ; mais ils sont aussi sous la menace de deux phénomènes : la multiplication des degrés de spécialité et le développement de rapports -horizontaux - entre droits communs d'une part, et entre droits spéciaux d'autre part. Véritable "summa divisio", elle disposerait cependant toujours d’une vertu ordonnatrice très importante,tant pour le législateur que pour le juge, et tant à l’université que dans la pratique.Il y a pourtant un singulier paradoxe. Le droit commun et le droit spécial sont indéfinissables ; leur relativité est telle qu’ils ne se conçoivent pas abstraction faite l’un de l’autre. Et, toutefois, la relation qu’ils entretiennent est généralement décrite en termes d’opposition. Or, la relativité appelle bien plutôt la collaboration que l’opposition.C’est ainsi que, s’agissant de l’élaboration du droit, des influences positives sont à l’oeuvre. Le droit commun et le droit spécial se servent mutuellement de modèle. Leur évolution se déroule en contemplation l'un de l'autre. Cela permet surtout, concernant l’application du droit, de réfuter l’idée suivant laquelle le droit commun et le droit spécial s’excluraient mécaniquement. En dehors des hypothèses prévues par le droit écrit, aucun fondement ne justifie l’exclusivisme. Ce dernier ne dispose en outre que d’un régime juridique plein d’incertitude. La valeur de la solution préconisée par l’adage "Specialia generalibus derogant" n’est que celle d’une présomption, simple. « Sur-mesure », le droit spécial est supposé mieux adapté à la situation litigieuse, mais il peut concrètement se révéler moins approprié que le droit communDistinguishing between general and specific rules of law is a deeply rooted habit among civilist lawyers, concerning the field of theory as the practice one. The roles of this distinction are very different, but they are threatened by two kinds of phenomenas as well : the increasing degreesof specialization and the development of -horizontal- relationship between general rules of lawon the one hand, and specific rules of law in the other hand. As a genuine, it would work,however, always as a good way to order the priority of different rules of law for both legislature and judges, both in academia and in practice.There is however a singular paradox. The general and specific rules of law can't be defined,their relativity is such an obvious one that they inconceivable if the other doesn't exist. According to this idea, their relationship is usually described in terms of opposition. Yet, the meaning of "relativity" is closer to collaboration rather than opposition.Thus, as regards to the development of the law, positive influences are at work. General and specific rule of law are a model to each other. Their evolution takes place in contemplation ofeach part. This especially helps the application of law to refute the idea that the general andspecific rules of law are mechanically mutually exclusive. A part from the possibilities provided by statute law, no basis justifies exclusiveness. Furthermore, specific rules of law sometimes contain a lot of less-defined rules. The value of the solution advocated by the adage "specialia generalibus derogant " is just a presumption, a simple one. A specific rule of law is supposes to be perfectly adapted to a situation, but it may pragmatically, about some case, be less appropriate than the general rule of law
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Rinaldi, Ferri Benedetta. "Inside and Out the Religious House. Charity and the Circulation of Labour in Early Modern Law (Italy, 1570-1670 ca.)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025EHES0007.
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Pour les juristes du droit commun, labeur et droit-au-lieu ne font qu'un seul. Qu'il s'agisse d'une maison ou d'une ville toute entière, on s'attache au lieu autant que l'on y travaille ; et à l'inverse, on se doit de travailler à mesure que l’on y demeure et on y gagne une subsistance. La relation entre les deux est conceptualisée, ainsi que la gamme de rapports qui, de là, encadrent la circulation du travail à l'intérieur d'une communauté. Cette thèse interroge la discipline de ces circulations. Plus particulièrement, elle en propose une histoire juridique par une étude de cas : le travail en maison religieuse entre 16e et 17e siècles. Hôpitaux, monastères, couvents, ces maisons ne cessent d’accueillir, placer et replacer leurs résidents au sein de la cité. Elles les assurent d’un lieu de subsistance et les assignent en-travail, à l’intérieur de leurs structures ou auprès de particuliers. Outre que sur une série d’écrits de doctrine, propres à la tradition du droit commun tardif, la thèse se penche sur des règlements hospitaliers, des législations ecclésiastiques et des « écrits de réguliers ». Pris dans un effort de stabilisation et de rationalisation de la ressource alimentaire commune, le travail circule et se déploie en différentes configurations. « Où », « pour qui », et comment en distribuer les fruits ? Les maisons maîtrisent ce mouvement et rivalisent avec leurs contreparties au moyen de schémas stratifiés de droit alimentaire (legs d’aliments, dette d’assistance). Ces derniers se définissent moins par les formes de l’échange et de la production (louages, servitudes) que par une exigence de résidence et de « localisation »For early-modern jurists, labour and local rights were intricately intertwined. Whether in the context of a house or an entire city, individuals attached to a certain place to the degree that they worked there; conversely, they had a duty to work insofar as they inhabited and earned a living from that place. The relationship between the two phenomena was a conceptualised one, along with the range of legal forms that framed the circulation of labour within the city. This thesis examines the discipline of this circulation through a select set of legal actors. More precisely, it considers the case of labour in charity systems – i.e. Italian religious houses between the 16th and 17th centuries – deploying it as an entry point to the larger history of work relations. Institutions such as hospitals and convents were centres of a relentless effort to situate, and relocate, their respective inmates. They provided the latter with a place to live, either directly or via an external host, while also establishing them in work. Drawing on a corpus of ecclesiastical legislation, hospital regulations, and a body of “writings on regular matters”, this dissertation examines the legal nature of religious placements and realigns them with their practical purposes. As part of a larger framework, placements served as instruments of a broader effort aimed at stabilizing and rationalizing the alimentary supplies of the city (charity). In this capacity, they were deployed within a variety of legal configurations – determining where to make work, for whom, and how the fruits of such labour should be distributed. Work arrangements relied on the rules of domestic sustenance and family support (alimentary bequest, debt of assistance). Tools of exchange, such as locatio-conductio and servile forms, only partially adhered to the need to ‘locate’ labour and the communal resources that moved with it
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Luo, Gang. "La protection de l'autonomie personnelle en matière matrimoniale dans le cadre des traditions juridiques européenne et chinoise : études comparatives sur la transformation historique vers un nouveau "ius commune" de la liberté matrimoniale à la lumière des droits français, allemand, anglais et du droit chinois." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D005.
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Dans une actualité où l’institution matrimoniale est devenue l’expression d’une liberté individuelle, s’élevant au niveau du droit constitutionnel et du droit international, on se demande d’abord si un nouveau droit commun à cet égard est né à la base des traditions européenne et chinoise, et puis dans quelle mesure. Ces réponses dépendent étroitement d’un regard sur le passé de cette institution à la lumière du droit comparé. Fondé sur le droit romano-canonique, le ius commune europaeum avait laissé une grande liberté comme le consensualisme romain à la conclusion du mariage mais exclu le divorce, ce qui avait été suivi par les droits français, allemand et anglais jusqu’au XVIème siècle. C’est la Réforme protestante au XVIème siècle et les codifications nationales au XVIIIème et XIXème siècle qui ont fait l’éclatement de ce vieux droit commun. Toutefois, la notion de liberté individuelle et la réclamation d’égalité juridique ont jeté des bases d’un nouveau droit commun de la liberté matrimoniale qui évoque non seulement la liberté de se marier mais celle de divorcer. C’est depuis le XXème siècle que la notion européenne de liberté matrimoniale, du moins en tant qu’« état d’esprit », a pénétré dans l’ordre juridique chinois, aboutissant à la rupture chinoise avec son héritage traditionnel qui avait rendu défavorisée et inégalitaire la liberté individuelle des époux, et à la naissance d’un nouveau droit commun qui traverse les deux traditions. Néanmoins, une telle convergence, en raison de la contrainte culturelle étant le fruit d’évolutions historiques distinctes, n’est encore qu’un rapprochement conceptuel et idéologiqueIn the current situation where the matrimonial institution has become the expression of an individual freedom, rising to the level of constitutional law and international law, questions may arise as to, first, whether a new ius commune in this respect has been born on the basis of Chinese and European legal traditions, and then, to what extent. The answers closely depend on a glance at the past of this institution in the light of comparative law. Based on Romano-Canon law, the ius commune europaeum had left a considerable freedom as Roman consensus to the conclusion of marriage, but excluded the divorce, which had been followed by French, German and English laws until the 16th century. It is the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century and national codifications of the 18th and 19th century that maked this old ius commune burst. Nevertheless, the notion of individual freedom and the claim of legal equality provided the basis for a new ius commune of matrimonial freedom that evokes not only the freedom to marry but also the freedom to divorce. It is since the 20th century that the European notion of matrimonial freedom, at least as a “state of spirit”, penetrated into the Chinese legal order, leading to China’s break with its traditional heritage that had made the individual freedom of the spouses disadvantaged and unequal, and to the birth of a new ius commune crossing the two traditions. However, such a convergence, due to the cultural constraint being the fruit of distinct historical evolutions, is still only a conceptual and ideological rapprochement
In der gegenwärtigen Situation, wo die Institution der Ehe zum Ausdruck der individuellen Freiheit geworden ist, die sich auf dem Niveau des Verfassungs- und Völkerrechts erhoben hat, ist zunächst zu hinterfragen, ob ein neues gemeines Recht in dieser Hinsicht entstanden ist, das sich aus der europäischen und chinesischen Rechtstraditionen ergibt, und dann inwieweit. Die Antworten auf diese Fragen hängen in hohem Maße von einem Blick zurück in die Vergangenheit dieser Institution im Lichte der Rechtsvergleichung. Das römisch-kanonische Ius commune, das bis zum 16. Jahrhundert von der französischen, deutschen, englischen Rechte gefolgt worden war, hatte der Eheschließung eine grosse Freiheit wie römische Konsensvereinbarung gelassen, aber die Ehescheidung ausgeschlossen. Die protestantische Reformation im 16. Jahrhundert und die Nationalkodifikationen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert zersplitterten dieses alte gemeine Recht. Allerdings schufen der Gedanke der individuellen Freiheit und die Einforderung der Rechtsgleichheit wichtige Grundlagen für einen neuen gemeinen Recht von Ehefreiheit, das sich nicht nur auf die Eheschließungsfreiheit sondern auch auf die Ehescheidungsfreiheit beruft. Seit 20. Jahrhundert ist der europäische Begriff von Ehefreiheit zumindest als eine „Geisteshaltung“ in die chinesische Rechtsordnung eingeführt worden. Dies hat dazu geführt, dass China mit dem traditionellen Erbe gebrochen hat, das die individuelle Freiheit der Ehegatten benachteiligt hatte, und dass ein neues gemeines Recht quer durch diese zwei Rechtstraditionen entstanden ist. Aufgrund der kulturellen Einschränkung, die auf unterschiedliche historische Entwicklungen zurückzuführen sind, ist dennoch eine solche Angleichung noch immer eine konzeptionelle und ideologische Annäherung
当前，婚姻制度已经演进成为个人自由的表达，并且上升到了宪法与国际法的层面，于是人们不禁要问，在这一方面基于中欧两大法律传统的新的“共同法”是否已经形成？如果有，在多大的范围内呢？这些答案紧紧地取决于从比较法的角度对这个制度既往史的考察。根植于中世纪罗马教会法的“欧洲共同法”对婚姻的缔结赋予了极大的自由，如罗马式意思一致，但却排除了离婚自由，并在十六世纪以前被法国法、德国法以及英格兰法所共同遵循。正是欧洲十六世纪的宗教改革以及十八和十九世纪的民族国家法典化运动打碎了旧的“共同法”秩序。尽管如此，个人自由的观念和法律平等的诉求为婚姻自由新一轮的“共同法”奠定了基础，不仅涉及结婚自由，还扩大到离婚自由。正是二十世纪以来，婚姻自由的欧洲观念，起码作为一种“精神状态”，被引入中国法律秩序，使中国与其传统遗产（夫妻个人自由的不尊重和不平等）相决裂，横跨两大法律传统的新一轮“共同法” 也相应诞生。然而，由于不同历史演进所带来的文化束缚，这样的一种趋同，目前还只是处于一种概念上和观念形态上的接近。
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Brahem, Marwa. "Caractérisation des interactions non-covalentes entre les procyanidines et les parois : Impact de la maturation des poires." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0692/document.
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Afin d’étudier l’impact de la surmaturation des poires sur les interactions parois-procyanidins, les parois et les procyanidines ont été isolées et caractérisées à partir d’une variété de poire à poiré à deux stade de maturité : mûres et surmatures. Leurs associations ont été quantifiées par la méthode des isothermes de Langmuir et par calorimétrie à titration isotherme.Les poires à poiré sont riches en procyanidines très polymérisées dont les unités constitutives sont principalement constituées de (-)-épicatéchine. Les parois du parenchyme et des cellules parenchymateuses sont principalement constituées de pectines hautement methylées et ramifiées alors que les parois des cellules pierreuses et de l’épiderme sont plutôt lignifiées et riches en hémicelluloses.La surmaturation n’induit pas de modification de la composition et ni de la distribution de la masse molaire des procyanidines. Par contre, la distribution des aggrégats de procyanidines dans les vacuoles change, de dispersée (poires mûres) à adjacente au tonoplaste (poire surmatures). Entre le stade mûr et surmature, les parois de poire perdent des chaînes latérales pectiques, principalement les chaînes d’arabinanes et de galactanes des parois du parenchyme et des cellules parenchymateuses.L'affinité des procyanidines vis-à-vis des parois diminue dans l’ordre suivant : cellules parenchymateuses> parenchyme>cellules pierreuses>épiderme d’après les isothermes de Langmuir. La quantité de procyanidines fixées sur les parois augmente avec la surmaturation surtout pour les parois de cellules pierreuses (et le parenchyme total). La calorimétrie à titration isotherme montre que la surmaturation induit également une modification du mécanisme de l’association parois-procyanidines en modifiant la balance hydrophile hydrophobe pour les cellules parenchymateuses.L'augmentation de la capacité d’adsorption des parois vis-à-vis des procyanidines à la surmaturation a été confirmée par des pressages de jus. Les jus de poires mûres sont plus riches en procyanidines que le jus extraits à partir poires surmatures alors que la concentration en procyanidines dans les fruits n’a pas changéIn order to study overripening impact on cell wall–procyanidin interactions, perry pear cell walls and procyanidins were isolated and characterized at ripe and overripe stage. Their associations were quantified using Langmuir isotherms and isothermal titration calorimetry.Perry pears were rich in procyanidins with high degree of polymerization and their constitutive units were mainly (-)-epicatechin. Cell walls isolated from the whole flesh and parenchyma cells were characterized by extremely methylated pectin and highly branched rhamnogalacturonans whereas cell walls from stone cells and skin were more lignified and rich in hemicelluloses.Overripening did not modify procyanidin structure and molar mass distribution, but the distribution of the procyanidin-containg aggregates in the vacuoles was modified, from dispersed in ripe pears to close to the tonoplast in overripe pears. Between the ripe and overripe stage, pear cell walls lost pectic side chains, arabinans and galactan, mostly from cell walls isolated from parenchyma cells and the whole flesh.The affinity between procyanidins and cell walls decreased as follows: parenchyma cells > flesh > stone cells > skin as reported by Langmuir isotherms. The amount of bound procyanidins increased at the overripe stage notably for the cell walls from stone cells and whole flesh. Isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that overripening induced the modification of cell wall binding mechanism especially for parenchyma cells where interactions were driven by hydrophobic interactions.The increase of procyanidin binding capacity at the overripe stage was confirmed by juice pressing where overripe pear juices were poorer in procyanidins than ripe pear juices whereas fruit procyanidin contents did not change with overripening
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Stern, Rebecca H. "Not Just Common Sense: Principled Sensemaking and Implementation of the Common Core at Two Middle Schools." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106723.
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Thesis advisor: Marilyn Cochran-SmithAcross the nation, most states are implementing a new set of standards- and accountability-based reforms: the Common Core State Standards and their accompanying assessments. Unfortunately, the perspectives of school-based educators are largely missing from policy and implementation decisions about the Common Core. To address some of the gaps in previous research, the purpose of this dissertation—a comparative case study of two middle schools on the East Coast of the United States—was to describe and analyze school-based educators’ perceptions of and responses to the Common Core and the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC) Exam. Data analysis revealed that educators in the two schools generally worked from an inquiry stance on teaching, learning, and schooling (Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 2009) in that they collectively and critically analyzed the intentions of educational policy and practice based in part on their beliefs about student-centered, constructivist teaching and learning. Consistent with this perspective, they made sense of the Common Core and SBAC based on the degree of alignment they perceived between their own educational values and beliefs, on the one hand, and the values and beliefs that animated the policies, on the other hand, which I conceptualized as “principled sensemaking.” How the educators actually implemented the Common Core and SBAC was the result of the intersection of their principled sensemaking of these standards-based reforms and the degree of agency they had over policy implementation. I termed this type of response to policy “principled implementation.” Four types of principled implementation were identified: principled adoption, principled neglect, principled compliance, and principled resistance. New understandings of school-based educators’ unique, critical, and nuanced perceptions of the Common Core and SBAC and how they believe the Common Core and SBAC influence teaching and learning have the capacity to inform decisions about the future of the Common Core in schools, and contributes to a broader understanding of how school-based educators take up and respond to standards- and accountability-based reforms
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Falq, Anne-Elisabeth. "Dominances en programmation linéaire : ordonnancement autour d’une date d’échéance commune." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS128.
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Les problèmes d’ordonnancement sont des problèmes d’optimisation combinatoire modélisant la gestion de projets: il s’agit de planifier l’exécution de tâches, sous des contraintes de ressources ou de précédence et de manière à minimiser un coût ou maximiser un gain. On appelle programmation linéaire en nombres entiers (PLNE) l’optimisation d’une fonction linéaire sur les points entiers vérifiant un lot de contraintes linéaires. Cet outil permet de modéliser de nombreux problèmes de recherche opérationnelle, qui peuvent alors être résolus par des solveurs implémentant l’algorithme du simplexe dans un schéma de branchement et évaluation. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’un problème d’ordonnancement où les tâches doivent être exécutées sur une machine de manière à minimiser les pénalités d’avance et de retard par rapport à une date de fin souhaitée commune. Grâce à des propriétés dites de dominance utilisées par la communauté de l’ordonnancement, nous avons fourni plusieurs formulations PLNE modélisant ce problème. Les premières formulations, basées sur des variables continues comparables à des dates de fin, dites variables naturelles, utilisent des inégalités de non-chevauchement. Les dernières formulations, basées sur des variables booléennes de partitions, reposent sur un type nouveau d’inégalités linéaires qui traduisant des propriétés de dominanceScheduling problems are combinatorial optimization problems arising in project management: the aim is to schedule tasks execution under resource constraints or precedence constraints so as to minimize a cost or maximize a gain. An integer linear programm (ILP° consists in optimizing a linear objective function over the integer points satisfying linear constraints. A lot of operation research problems can be formulated as ILP, and then be solved by commercial ILP. This thesis focuses on a single machine scheduling problem where earliness and tardiness with respect to a common due date have to be minimized. Thanks to so-called dominance properties used in the scheduling field, we propose several ILP formulation for this problem. First formulations, which are based on continuous variables similar to completion times variables (natural variables), use non-overlapping inequalities. Last formulations, which are based on binary partition variables, rely on a new type of linear inequalities that translate dominance properties
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Peterson, Erick. "The strategic utility of U.S. Navy Seals." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FPeterson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Rothstein, Hy. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: U.S. Navy SEALs, SEALs, Naval Special Warfare, NSW, Special Operations Forces, SOF, SOCOM, SOF Culture, Comparative Advantage, Strategic Utility. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-103). Also available in print.
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Place, David S. Grubbs Gregory A. "Empirical evaluation of a model of team collaboration using selected transcripts from September 11, 2001." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FPlace.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Command, Control and Communication (C3)))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Hutchins, Susan G. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Team Collaboration, Team Communication, NORAD, NEADS, September 11, 2001, Cognition, Macro-cognition, Model of Team Collaboration. Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-198). Also available in print.
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Ireland, Robert D. "Autonomous vehicle systems implications for maritime operations, warfare capabilities, and Command and Control /." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FIreland.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Command, Control, and Communications))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Gallup, Shelley P.; Second Reader: MacKinnon, Douglas J. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Machine Autonomy, AVS, USV, UUV, Navy Tactical Task List, Situational Awareness, Congruence Model, Decision Superiority, Maritime ISR. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51). Also available in print.
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McCoy, Edward D. "Employment and command and control for the Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) missile system." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FNAME.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Command Control and Communications))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Caldwell, William J. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 16, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: NLOS Weapon System Description, NLOS Organization and Employment, NLOS Command and Control, NLOS Command and Control Testing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63).
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Fedele, Dante. "Naissance de la diplomatie moderne. L'ambassadeur au croisement du droit, de l'éthique et de la politique." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0968.
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S’appuyant sur un corpus de textes que l’on qualifie normalement de « traités sur l’ambassadeur », cette thèse s’attache à reconstruire la naissance de la diplomatie moderne tout au long d’une période qui va du XIIIe au XVIIe siècle, en essayant d’analyser la manière dont la figure de l’ambassadeur à été élaborée à l’intérieur d’un champ de problématisation qui se caractérise par une imbrication réciproque du droit, de l’éthique et de la politique et va constituer une véritable expérience de la diplomatie.Ce travail s’articule en deux parties. Dans la première il s’agit de comprendre comment la figure de l’ambassadeur a été façonnée sous le profil de son statut juridique, à savoir comme une persona publica chargée d’un officium et devant représenter son mandant, avec les conséquences qui en découlent quant à l’établissement de son pouvoir de négociation, à la définition de ses immunités ainsi qu’à la détermination des honneurs qu’il a le droit de recevoir. L’analyse de ces questions permettra d’apprécier la contribution apportée par notre corpus non seulement à la définition du statut juridique de l’ambassadeur, mais aussi à la formation du nouveau droit des gens destiné à régir l’Europe moderne. La seconde partie s’attache à comprendre comment la figure de l’ambassadeur a été façonnée sous le profil de son statut professionnel : on s’interroge alors sur les fonctions qui lui sont attribuées, sur les moyens qui lui sont fournis et les conditions qui lui sont demandées pour s’en acquitter de la manière la plus efficace, ainsi que sur la problématisation éthique à laquelle son action est soumise. Tout en essayant de faire ressortir la spécificité de l’ambassadeur, cette partie se propose aussi de contribuer à l’étude de la professionnalisation du fonctionnaire publicUsing a collection of texts commonly known as the “treatises on the ambassador”, this research examines the birth and the development of the experience of diplomacy from the 13th to the 17th Century. It aims, in particular, to explore the development of the figure of the ambassador within a field of problematization involving ethics, politics and law.After some methodological and historical remarks, the thesis deals with the development of the status of the ambassador from two perspectives, the legal and the professional. Regarding his legal status, the medieval legal conceptualisation of the role of the ambassador as a genuine public “office”, and that of the diplomatic function as “representation”, are examined. The way in which these conceptualisations help to define the negotiating powers conferred on the ambassador, his immunities and the honours to which he is entitled is then considered. This analysis allows for an investigation of the complex links between the exercise of diplomacy and claims to sovereignty during Europe’s transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity. Regarding his professional status, the thesis reconstructs the functions of the ambassador (particularly in relation to information gathering and negotiation), the means provided for the ambassador to undertake his functions (his salary and the assignment of an escort) and the objective, intellectual or moral qualities required of him. As well as illustrating the techniques which have been required for ambassadorial success since the 15th Century, this analysis offers some hints for studying the professionalization of public officials and the emergence of the modern criteria of political analysis
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Shusko, Joseph R. "Analysis of the training provided to first-time military acquisition professiionals at Marine Corps Systems Command." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/JAP/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FShusko%5FJAP.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Program Management from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010."Advisor(s): Snider, Kieth ; Forrester, Robert. "June 2010." "Joint applied project"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: MARCORSYSCOM, Acquisition Professional, Defense Acquisition University (DAU), Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act (DAWIA), Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), Florida Institute of Technology (FIT) Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-133). Also available in print.
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Corrao, Peter A. "An examination of the MH-60s common cockpit from a design methodology and acquisitions standpoint." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FCorrao.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Darken, Rudy ; Ciavarelli, Anthony. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Common Cockpit, MH-60S Knighthawk, Crew-Centered Design Philosophy, Systems Engineering Cockpit Design Methodology, Human Computer Interface Design Methodology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-117). Also available in print.
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Mixa, Matthew B. Williams Michael J. "Cost management in a tactical environment a case study of the 316th Expeidtionary Support Command (ESC) in Iraq, 2007-2008 /." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/MBAPR/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FMixa%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010."Advisor(s): Geiger, Dale R. ; Jones, Lawrence R. "June 2010." "MBA Professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: 316th Expeditionary Sustainment Command, Cost Management, Case Study, Deployed, Cost Control, Iraq. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-59). Also available in print.
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Rockwood, Lawrence. "Walking away from Nuremberg just war and the doctrine of command responsibility in the American military profession /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010070.
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Roark, Eric. "Using and coming to own a left-proprietarian treatment of the just use and appropration of common resources /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5519.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on June 15, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Goldring, Desiree, and Ingrid Petersson. "“Pretty much just ‘fluffing’ around” : The complexity of safeguarding farmland biodiversity in Scania through the Greening." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43803.
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Intensified agriculture has led to a dramatic decline of farmland biodiversity in Europe during the 20th century, making farmland policies of utmost importance within the European Union [EU]. The Greening, which is a part of the Common Agricultural Policy [CAP] was created to combat the negative effects of intensified agriculture. However, the policy did not achieve the goal of safeguarding farmland biodiversity and will be replaced in the upcoming CAP-reform. This study researches if a landscape perspective and nature-inclusive farming can increase the efficiency of the Greening in Scanian farmlands. Through semi-structured interviews with professionals on a regional level, we investigated: What are the obstacles that hinder regional solutions to farmland biodiversity issues in Scania, Sweden? Through the lens of governance, the results emphasized a need for new arrangements between all stakeholders in order to solve the issue of declining farmland biodiversity in Scania. The main obstacles for incorporating a landscape perspective and nature-inclusive farming are the lack of regional influence in the Greening, short program periods, and low profitability for farmers. We argue that these obstacles stem from the complex, multilevel governing system of the EU, and the projectification of the CAP. We suggest adopting a Common Pool Resource [CPR] framework for farmland biodiversity in Scania as an efficient way of surpassing the obstacles. However, further research is needed to create a cohesive view of the use value of farmland biodiversity. We concluded that although the results might be applicable to other regions within the EU, it is important to further research other regions in terms of local landscape conditions and local governance for effective results.Intensifierat jordbruk har inneburit en dramatisk minskning av den biologiska mångfalden i jordbrukslandskap i Europa under 1900-talet, vilket gör jordbrukspolitiken central inom Europeiska unionen [EU]. Förgröningsstödet, som är en del av EU:s gemensamma jordbrukspolitik, skapades för att motverka de negativa effekterna av intensifierat jordbruk. Förgröningsstödet uppnådde emellertid inte målet att skydda den biologiska mångfalden i jordbrukslandskap, och kommer att ersättas i nästkommande reform. Den här studien undersökte om ett landskapsperspektiv, samt naturinkluderande jordbruk kunde öka ändamålsenligheten av Förgröningsstödet i det skånska jordbrukslandskapet. Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med tjänstemän på en regional nivå, undersöktes: Vilka är hindren som motarbetar regionala lösningar på problem som berör biologisk mångfald inom det skånska jordbruket? Utifrån ett governance-perspektiv, betonade resultaten ett behov av nya arrangemang mellan samtliga aktörer för att lösa problemet med minskad biologisk mångfald inom skånskt jordbruk. De främsta hindren för att inkludera ett landskapsperspektiv samt naturinkluderande jordbruk var bristen på regionalt inflytande, de korta programperioderna, samt låg lönsamhet för jordbrukare. Vi hävdar att hindren härrör från den komplexa flernivåstyrningen inom den gemensamma jordbrukspolitiken, samt projektifiering av den. Vi föreslår att anta ett Common Pool Resource [CPR] ramverk för biologisk mångfald inom skånskt jordbruk som ett effektivt sätt att övervinna hindren. Ytterligare forskning behövs dock för att skapa en enhetlig bild av användningsvärdet av biologisk mångfald i jordbrukslandskap. Avslutningsvis menar vi att även om resultaten kan gå att applicera på andra regioner inom EU, ligger det stor vikt vid att undersöka lokala förhållanden inom landskap och styrning för att nå effektiva resultat
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Oerton, Sarah. "Not "just a load of Greenham Common women" : the experiences of paid workers in co-operative and collective organizations." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600024.
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Cockshott, Christopher. ""I just hope this isn't the end" : an interpretative phenomenological analysis of unemployment in university graduates with common mental health issues." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2046259/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to conduct an exploratory investigation into what it is like to be an unemployed university graduate with common mental health issues (i.e., depression and anxiety) from a qualitative and phenomenological perspective using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Semi-structured interviews with 12 Bachelor's degree graduates in their twenties, who have common mental health issues and have been unemployed between five and 24 months, led to the development of the three master themes of Fall from Grace, Vulnerability and Angst. These findings are explored using a range of theoretical perspectives to demonstrate the devastating impact that unemployment has on these graduates. It constitutes a developmental-existential life-crisis where they are unable to complete their rite of passage into social adulthood, leaving them vulnerable to becoming entrenched in their mental health-related difficulties and less able to overcome their unemployment. The practical implications of this work and suggestions for further research are also discussed.
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Dantas, Barros Ana Maria. "Biotransformation de substrats exogènes d'origine synthétique par des cultures cellulaires végétales de Catharanthus roseus G. Don, Vinca minor L. Et Thevetia neriifolia Juss." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114836.
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Broman, Marie. ""Det här med psykisk ohälsa är svårt, just eftersom man inte kan ta på det" : En kvalitativ studie om att som operativ chef hantera medarbetares psykiska ohälsa." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173182.
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Den psykiska ohälsan ökar i Sverige och utgör en av de vanligaste orsakerna till sjukfrånvaro från arbetsplatser. Att hantera anställdas psykiska ohälsa är en krävande uppgift och ett stort ansvar som åläggs chefer, men trots detta saknas chefsperspektivet inom forskningsområdet. Det övergripande syftet med studien är att undersöka hur operativa chefer med personalansvar konkret arbetar med sina medarbetares psykiska ohälsa och vilka organisatoriska förutsättningar som finns för detta. Psykisk ohälsa som fenomen är ett omfattande begrepp och används i studien tillsammans med begreppet CMD (Common Mental Disorders), vilket är ett vedertaget begrepp i internationell litteratur på området. I studien genomfördes fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med operativa chefer som var verksamma i en stor organisation inom byggbranschen. Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys och för att karaktärisera chefernas psykosociala situation har resultatet har diskuterats utifrån krav, kontroll och stödmodellen. Studien har visat att arbetsuppgiften att som personalansvarigchef hantera medarbetares psykiska ohälsa är komplicerad och krävande. Psykisk ohälsa har bekräftats vara svårt att hantera på grund av komplexiteten i problemet och organisatoriskt stöd beskrevs som en nödvändighet för att som personalansvarig chef hantera medarbetare psykisk ohälsa. Resultatet visadeäven att det fanns vissa brister i förutsättningarna för att hantera detta, då mer konkret stöd och kunskap för dessa typer av situationer efterfrågades.
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Tedengren, Brenner Tova, and Jesper Pastrana. ""I've been guilty of provocation but it's also just common sense marketing" : En studie av framställningen av genus och sexualitet inom reklamkampanjer i form av modefotografi." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-165572.
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The purpose of this essay is to analyze the portrayal of gender and sexuality within fashion photography through a representational study of men and women in select Gucci fashion campaigns, Fall/Winter 1996 and Spring/Summer 2003. In doing so we also find specifics as to how artistic expression can manifest itself in the form of sexist advertising, this being through the sexualisation of fashion photography. The study commences with an introduction, explanation of its purpose, and a descriptive background of the Gucci fashion house and it’s then creative director Tom Ford, the material used and the public criticism it has received as sexist portrayal of women. The frame of the study takes form through the theoretical approaches of gender theory and postfeminism focusing on the structural order of gender, gender roles and the use of feminine pleasure within advertising. Moreover we base our study on the concept of previous research on male pleasure alongside its female counterpart as well as the male concept of power. The analysis is performed through the methodical approach of Roland Barthes semiotic analysis including the use of denotation, connotation and myth as well as a multimodal analysis with a chosen set of semiotic resources; these are primarily focused on terms such as gaze, actions, positioning and camera angles. The material in question is divided into three pictures from each fashion house, totaling a set of six pictures each analyzed individually and ultimately discussed as a whole. Our findings result in a significantly more diverse interpretation than the single result expressed by public, governmental and editorial outcry; implying that the campaigns analysed can, through the use of semiotic and multimodal analysis carry significantly different meaning depending on what pictures are being analyzed as well how it is analyzed and interpreted. As such our results imply significantly less sexist and more conceptually diverse campaigns than what they, and Gucci under Tom Ford, have been known for. Moreover we found that the portrayal of fashion photography can be used as a tool for masking sexual violations through the pretext of artistic expression.
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Rodrigues, Enrique Feldens. "O papel do juiz na dire??o do processo civil no estado democr?tico de direito : a dire??o material voltada ? constru??o da solu??o jur?dica do caso concreto." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2013. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4230.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-31This paper examines the role of the judge in conducting civil cases throughout history since the Middle Ages, during which germinated the formation of the two legal traditions of the Western world - civil law and common law. It starts with the approach of the relationship between the political and social context to jurisdiction, seeking to establish the connection between the concentration and the strengthening of state power, the centralization of legal activity in the state and the appreciation of the task of legal rules enforcement by the courts, determined in civil law, on the one hand, and the devolution of political power, the overvaluation of the parties performance and the prominence of the particularities of the case, attested in common law, on the other, with the formatting process of two contrasted models, both aiming to solve the conflict, and, nevertheless, absorbing differently the partial change in the purpose of government action during the transition state from liberal to welfare state. It follows the finding that, despite the assignment of a positive responsibility to conduct the case to the judge since the late nineteenth century, each tradition reacted in its own way, demonstrating the obvious disadvantages of the bulking of judicial discretion in English and especially American settings and the assumption of an authoritarian-interventionist posture in Continental and Latin-American sceneries. Following the approach, it is portrayed the contours assumed by legal phenomenon in a democratic state under rule of law, in which, given the recognition of normative principles, legal process should become the arena where concrete cases are effectively debated and decided with reference to legal and constitutional system. As a result, it is recognized the need that such results obtain a procedural and substantive legitimacy, which is achieved by allowing parties to participate in the construction of the solution that involves their cause, but whose gear is driven by the judge, who has the duty to give hints and feedbacks as it is embodied in the German procedural system in order to attain the conformation of a suitable procedure, balanced and real opportunities of thorough discussion, a quick decision and a disposition by settlement, when appropriate.
O presente trabalho examina o papel do juiz na dire??o do processo, ao longo da hist?ria a contar da Idade M?dia, per?odo no qual germinada a forma??o das duas tradi??es jur?dicas do mundo ocidental civil law e common law. Parte-se da abordagem da rela??o entre o contexto pol?tico-social e a jurisdi??o, buscando estabelecer a conex?o entre a concentra??o e o fortalecimento do poder estatal, a centraliza??o da atividade jur?dica no Estado e a valoriza??o da tarefa de aplica??o da lei pelo juiz, verificada em civil law, de um lado, e a desconcentra??o do poder pol?tico, a sobrevaloriza??o da atua??o das partes no processo e a proemin?ncia das peculiaridades do caso concreto, atestada em common law, de outro, com a formata??o de dois modelos contrapostos de processo, ambos voltados ? solu??o de conflitos mas que restam por absorver, de forma diversa, a parcial mudan?a na finalidade da atua??o estatal, na transi??o do Estado Liberal para o Estado Social. Segue-se a verifica??o de que, n?o obstante a atribui??o da dire??o do processo ao juiz desde o final do s?culo XIX, em ambos os contextos, cada qual a repercutiu de determinada forma, restando evidentes as desvantagens do avultamento da discricionariedade judicial nos cen?rios ingl?s e, sobretudo, estadunidense, e a assun??o de um car?ter autorit?rio-interventivo da postura do magistrado no painel europeu-continental e latinoamericano. Na sequ?ncia, retratam-se os contornos assumidos pelo fen?meno jur?dico no ?mbito do Estado Democr?tico de Direito, onde, dado o reconhecimento da normatividade dos princ?pios, o processo deve transformar-se no espa?o em que efetivamente se controvertam situa??es f?ticas concretas, a serem decididas com o referencial do ordenamento jur?dico-constitucional. Decorre da? a necessidade de que seus resultados legitimem-se processual e materialmente, o que se d? pela abertura ? participa??o das partes na constru??o da solu??o jur?dica da causa que as envolva, mas cuja engrenagem ? orientada pela atua??o do juiz na dire??o material do processo, nos termos como consagrado o instituto no sistema processual alem?o, de forma que se assegurem a conforma??o de um procedimento id?neo, oportunidades reais e equilibradas do debate exaustivo, um r?pido deslide do feito e, sendo aconselh?vel, o seu encerramento pela via da autocomposi??o.
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Соколовський, Богдан Максимович. "Мова та компілятор для генерування тексту чат-ботів мовою JavaScript." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/43371.
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Кваліфікаційна робота включає пояснювальну записку (с. 72, рис. 58, табл. 2, додатки).
Об’єкт розробки – створення мови та компілятора для генерування тексту чат-ботів мовою JavaScript, яка буде зручна як для людей, які не пов’язані з інформаційними технологіями, так і навпаки. Головна мета мови – спростити та прискорити створення чат-ботів без додаткових знань мов програмування чи архітектурних рішень, які використовуються під час проєктування програмного забезпечення.
Мова для генерування чат-ботів має наступні можливості:
• генерування чат-ботів для вебсайтів;
• генерування чат-ботів для соціальної мережі «Telegram».
Компілятор мови має наступні можливості:
• швидко компілювати та аналізувати код, написаний мовою, яка представлена в цьому дипломному проєкті.
Генерований код має наступні властивості:
• легкий у розумінні;
• зручний у модифікації.
У процесі розробки були використанні наступні мови програмування:
• Common Lisp з використанням наступних бібліотек: «alexandria» та «anaphora» – яка додає додаткову функціональність до мови для зручної розробки, «lisp-unit» – для створення unit-тестів, «cl-ppcre» – для роботи з регулярними виразами, «unix-opts» – для обробки опцій компілятора, які надходять з операційної системи, «yason» – для роботи з JSON-об’єктами, «osicat» – для роботи із символічними посиланнями у unix-подібних операційних системах;
• JavaScript з використанням наступних бібліотек: «expressjs» – для створення вебсерверу з використанням HTTP/HTTPS протоколів, «telegrafjs» – для роботи з API соціальної мережі «Telegram», «lodash» – яка додає додаткову функціональність до мови для зручної розробки;
Середовища розробки:
• WebStorm;
• Emacs з додатком Slime.
Додаткові програми:
• Sbcl для компіляції файлів на мові Common Lisp;
• NodeJS для інтерпретації файлів на мові JavaScript;
• Було також використано додаток NPM для автоматичної збірки проєкту на мові JavaScript, Apple Safari – веб-браузер для налагодження чат-ботів, які були генеровані для вебсайтів та соціальна мережа «Telegram» для налагодження роботи чат-ботів, які були генеровані для цієї платформи.
В ході виконання дипломного проєкту:
• розроблено архітектуру системи;
• проведений аналіз існуючих рішень;
• розроблена мова та компілятор для генерації чат-ботів мовою JavaScript для вебсайту або соціальної мережі.
Використання цієї мови та компілятора дозволять прискорити час розробки чат-ботів для різних платформ та надати можливість зосередитися на реалізації основної задачі чат-бота.Qualification work includes explanatory note (p. 72, fig. 58, tables 2, applications). The object of development is the creation language and compiler for chat-bot generation in JavaScript language, which will be comfortable for people who not affiliated with information technology and vice versa. The main goal of the language to simplify and to accelerate chatbots creation without additional knowledges of programming languages or architecture solutions which using during software development. Language for chatbot generation have the next features: • the ability of chatbot generation for websites. • the ability of chatbot generation of social network “Telegram”; Compiler of language have the next features: • the ability of quick code analyzing and compilation in the language whose introduced in this graduation work; Generated code has the next features: • easy to understanding; • comfortable to modification. The development process used the next programming languages: • Common Lisp with using the next libraries: “alexandria” and “anaphora” which provides additional functionality for language, “lisp-unit” for writing unit-tests, “cl-ppcre” for working with regular expressions, “unix-opts” for handling options of the compiler that passed from operating system, “yason” for working with JSON-objects, “osicat” for working with symbolic links in unix-like operating systems; • JavaScript with using the next libraries: “expressjs” for creation webserver using HTTP/HTTPS protocols, “telegrafjs” for working with API of social network “Telegram”, “lodash” which provides additional functionality for language. Development environments: • WebStorm; • Emacs with Slime extension. Additional programs: • SBCL for compiling files in Common Lisp; • NodeJS for compiling files in JavaScript language; • NPM for auto building projects in JavaScript language; • Apple Safari web-browser for debugging chatbots that generated for websites; • social network “Telegram” for debugging chatbots that generated for this platform. During the implementation of the graduation work: • developed architecture of project; • analysis existent solutions; • developed language and compiler for chat-bots generation in JavaScript language for websites and social networks. Using this language and compiler can accelerate development time of different platforms, and provide focus on the main functionality of chatbot.
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Batchelor, Bronwyn Le Ann. "Constitutional damages for the infringement of a social assistance right in South Africa are monetary damages in the form of interest a just and equitable remedy for breach of a social assistance right." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/388.
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This dissertation will explore the revolutionary progression in the provision of monetary damages and the availability thereof due to the change in South Africa’s legal system from Parliamentary sovereignty to Constitutional supremacy after the enactment of the final Constitution in 19961. The Constitution of South Africa brought with it the concepts of justification and accountability as the Bill of Rights enshrines fundamental rights and the remedies for the infringement of same. The available remedies for the infringement of a fundamental right flow from two sources, being either from the development of the common law remedies in line with the Bill of Rights or alternatively from Section 38 of the Constitution, which provides for a remedy which provides ‘appropriate’ relief. The question that will be raised in this dissertation is, ‘does appropriate relief include an award of delictual damages?’ or a question related thereto ‘is an award of monetary damages an appropriate remedy?’ The motivation for this dissertation arises from the plethora of case law, especially in the Eastern Cape, that has come to the fore in the last sixteen years, highlighting the injustice of cancellations of social assistance grants and the non-payment of such in South Africa’s social security system, as well as the precedent that was set by our Constitutional Court and Supreme Court in remedying that injustice. The central case to this dissertation is that of Kate v Member of Executive Council for Department of Welfare, Eastern Cape 2005 1 SA 141 SECLD; Member of Executive Council, Department of Welfare, Eastern Cape v Kate 2006 (4) SA 478 (SCA), which is generally regarded as having paved the way for the granting of monetary damages for the infringement of an individual’s constitutional right as same require legal protection. Firstly the past approach to damages will be explored in relation to South Africa’s common law, being the Roman-Dutch law. The common law Aquilian action is the focal point of this dissertation in relation to the common law in that the granting of damages for the infringement of an individual’s social assistance right (being a specific constitutional right framed within the 1996 Constitution) results in pure patrimonial loss which in our common law system was remedied by the actio legis Aquilae. In delict, an award of damages is the primary remedy, aimed at affording compensation in respect of the legal right or interest infringed. After the common law system of damages has been explored, this dissertation will then examine the changes that have developed therefrom, and largely shaped by the current state of disorganization in the National Department of Welfare coupled with the all encompassing power of the final Constitution. The final Constitution provides the power, in section 38 of the 1996 Constitution, for the court to award a monetary remedy for the breach of a constitutional right. The question, however, is “does the award of monetary damages not merely throw money at the problem, whereas the purpose of a constitutional remedy is to vindicate guaranteed rights and prevent or deter future violations?” The battle for domination between the common law approach and the constitutional approach to damages is witnessed as the two systems eventually amalgamate to form an essentially new remedy, unique to South Africa. South Africa’s new system is aligned with the Constitution as the Constitution is the supreme law of the land and underpins the awarding of all damages and, especially, the awarding of constitutional damages. For the sake of completeness, alternatives to monetary damages will also be canvassed in this dissertation. It is hoped that the reader will, in the end, realize that the final Constitution is the supreme law of the land and as such dictates the manner and form in which damages are provided. If such provision is not in alignment with the Constitution, it will be declared invalid. The flexibility of our common law is put to the test, yet it is found to be adaptable to the ever-developing boni mores of society exemplified in the embracing constitutional principles and the production of this new remedy. The courts develop the common law under section 39(2) of the Constitution in order to keep the common law in step with the evolution of our society and the ever changing nature of bonos mores.National Research Foundation
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Boy, Christophe. "Pilotage en flux tiré et perturbations." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0122.
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Le juste-a-temps est une philosophie industrielle visant a eliminer tous les gaspillages en production grace a une suppression des stocks. Cependant, l'absence de stocks interdit toute perturbation du fonctionnement de la production. La premiere partie de cette these etudie comment gerer des ateliers soumis a des perturbations en utilisant malgre tous les principes fondamentaux du juste-a-temps. Le pilotage en flux tire est bien sur choisi, implemente principalement a l'aide d'une evolution du systeme kanban. Des modeles mathematiques permettent d'evaluer les performances futures de l'atelier et ainsi de choisir des options assurant l'exactitude des dates de livraison malgre les perturbations. Une methodologie d'amelioration du systeme de production est ensuite developpee dans le but de rendre celui-ci sans cesse plus apte au juste-a-temps. Un jeu d'indicateurs permet entre autres d'ordonner les actions d'amelioration et de choisir les bonnes politiques de maintenance. La premiere partie du dernier chapitre traite d'une application industrielle menee au sein de la societe manducher et servant d'illustration a nos approches. La deuxieme partie de ce chapitre synthetise les regles et outils permettant de concevoir des nouveaux moyens de production plus aptes au juste-a-temps. L'organisation physique des ateliers, l'analyse des perturbations potentielles et le developpement simultane sont notamment abordes
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Campos, Filho José Carlos Pires de. "Os pressupostos filosóficos do estado ético-jurídico na obra A cidade de Deus de Santo Agostinho." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5925.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-24The objective of this dissertation is to expose the philosophical assumptions of the theory of the philosopher St. Augustine on the nature of the ethical and legal State The thought here is understood as a defense of the just State and of the conception of natural law against accusations that Christianity causes injury to the political community. The Augustinian conception of a just and happy society allows, instead, enhancing the civic virtues as a means to achieve the common good and peace. The Augustinian ontology allows the truth to be the reference of virtues and vices, as precepts of action capable of forming the unity of a civilization. The "City of God" is the allegory of a just society that is present in this world through the ages in coexistence with the earthly state
O objetivo desta dissertação é expor os pressupostos filosóficos centrais da teoria do filósofo Santo Agostinho sobre a natureza do Estado ético-jurídico. O pensamento é aqui compreendido como uma defesa do Estado justo e da concepção de lei natural contra as acusações de que o Cristianismo causa prejuízo à comunidade política. A concepção agostiniana de sociedade justa e feliz permite, ao contrário, aprimorar as virtudes cívicas como meio para alcançar o bem comum e a paz. A ontologia agostiniana permite que a verdade seja a referência das virtudes e dos vícios, como preceitos do agir capazes de formar a unidade de uma civilização. A Cidade de Deus é a alegoria de sociedade justa presente no mundo através dos tempos em convivência com o Estado terreno
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Lo, Sapio Germana. "L’equilibrio contrattuale: principi del diritto civile e principi di jus commune europeo a confronto." Tesi di dottorato, 2008. http://www.fedoa.unina.it/2292/1/Lo_Sapio_Diritto_Rapporti_Civili_Lavoro.pdf.
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Greenwood, Ryan. "Law and War in Late Medieval Italy: The Jus Commune on War and Its Application in Florence, c. 1150-1450." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31765.
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This study, on law and war in late medieval Italy, has two primary aims. One is to review the legal tradition on war as it developed in the medieval jus commune, or common law, from approximately 1150-1300, and then to consider how that tradition evolved from roughly 1300-1450. In general the latter period still represents a lacuna in scholarship on the legal theory of war, and can be addressed as a distinct period because the fourteenth century was a time when theory moved in important new directions. It will be suggested in turn that those new directions were related to changing politics and institutions in Italy. The second aim continues and reflects the first, as it seeks to better understand how legal arguments about war and peace were employed in practice, using Florence as an example. The study finds that these legal arguments found their most important role in diplomacy. Florentine diplomatic records, as well as legal opinions (or consilia) on inter-city disputes, will help to examine the complex nature of that role. In general it will be seen that the law, including the jus commune, was a strategic tool and an important regulatory mechanism for relations between political actors in late medieval Italy, though one that also had significant limitations.
The first chapter introduces the material and themes. The second treats the just war tradition and laws on war through 1300. The third chapter examines legal theory on war, particularly in Roman law, from roughly 1300 to the early fifteenth century. The fourth explores how just war arguments were deployed in Florentine political discourse between 1230 and 1430. The fifth chapter examines a range of legal issues related to war, as found in diplomatic instructions and consilia which played a role in Florentine wartime diplomacy from 1392-1402. The sixth chapter is the conclusion.
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Kumswa, Sahmicit Kankemwa. "Going the distance : a description of commuter couples in Jos, Nigeria." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25132.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-206)This thesis describes a family variation among urban Nigerian couples called a commuter marriage. A commuter marriage in this study is defined as a union between a dual earner/dual career couple where the husband and wife have decided to live apart from each other due to work commitments until such a time as is convenient for them to live continuously together again. This separation is mainly undertaken to improve their financial and career prospects. The study seeks to understand what dynamics are involved in a commuter marriage in Jos, Plateau State. The Life Course Perspective, with a focus on the gendered life course perspective, serves as a theoretical framework for this study. The perspective assumes that families undergoing the same transitions are likely to display the same characteristics which may not be necessarily relevant for all families in the same life stage, while the gendered life course perspective acknowledges the gendered context. At the same time the cultural context of the Nigerian society in terms of family norms are taken into account. An overview of commuter marriages, including characteristics of commuter marriages and non-traditional marriages linked to commuter marriages are provided. The differences between established and adjusting couples were repeatedly underlined. The research has an underlying interpretivist paradigm, therefore a qualitative research methodology was deemed best for the study. A semi-structured interview guide and time diaries were used to obtain data from seventeen participants. It was found that a commuter marriage is costly financially, socially and emotionally. An emphasis on the male provider and the wife as the manager of the resources was highlighted. Commuter couples report that their greatest support system constitute their family members who show the most understanding to their situation. Commuter fathers were generally passionate about their fatherly roles, but had conflicting feelings about balancing work and family, feeling the family is losing out. Generally, commuter couples in this study showed a sincere desire for the commuting relationship not to span an indefinite amount of time.
Sociology
D. Phil. (Sociology)
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Kao, Chih Ch''eng, and 高志成. "The narrate and comment of "P''I, HSI JUI I HSUEH"." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89474669567870846411.
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Yang, Suh-Jenq, and 楊肅正. "Scheduling with Multiple Common Due-Windows Assignment in a Just-in-time Production System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95842480013291686893.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
流通管理系
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To cope with intensified global competition and escalating customer demand for superior service, Just-in-time production system has become a competitive strategy for many companies. According to the principle of Just-in-time production system, a company producing orders (or jobs) early, as well as late, is discouraged. This study considers multiple common due-windows assignment and scheduling problems with general position-dependent and resource-dependent processing times simultaneously in a Just-in-time production system. Multiple common due-windows allow a job to fit one from multiple common due-windows. We assume that the number of common due-windows to be assigned to the jobs is given. In this study two resource allocation models are examined, namely the linear resource consumption model and the convex resource consumption model. The actual processing time of a job is a function of its scheduled position in a sequence and its resource allocation. The goal of the study is to determine jointly the optimal common due-window positions and sizes, the set of jobs assigned to each common due-window, the optimal resource allocations, and the optimal schedule for minimizing an objective function which includes earliness, tardiness, common due-windows assignment, makespan, and resource consumption costs. We provide some properties of the optimal schedule for the problem and propose polynomial time algorithms for all the problems considered. We also present two numerical examples to illustrate applying algorithms proposed in the study for understanding the effect of various parameters on the optimal solution. The results of the study can be used in scheduling on distribution management, such as restaurant service, orders picking operation process in a distribution center, or replenishment operations in a hypermarket.
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Williams, Miriam Jean. "Cities of possibility: performing care-full urban justice." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1036117.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Urban theory has a well-documented set of knowledges on actually existing injustice shaping cities in the here and now. Inspired by a politics of possibility, weak theory, theories of situated knowledges and an understanding of knowledge-making as performative, this research project reveals moments where people are doing/thinking/being cities differently by uncovering actually existing justice and care in three urban commons. Viewing the everyday as a potentially transformative site and understanding utopia as a ‘process-of-becoming’ (Swyngedouw and Kaika, 2003: 16) I read the city for possibility. By developing connections between urban justice-thinking and care-thinking I argue for a new way of approaching the possibility of the city—a concept I term care-full urban justice. This research documents actually existing forms of care-full urban justice manifest in three urban commons in Sydney, Australia: The Women’s Library, Newtown; Our Place Support Centre, Enmore; and Alfalfa House organic food cooperative, Enmore. Through engaging in an average of 15 months volunteering at each organisation, along with conducting 36 semi-structured interviews, I explore how these spaces are brought into being through everyday material practices and connections. I demonstrate that much is possible through connecting the grounded, everyday, relational, and radical focus of care-thinking with the rich history of justice-thinking in urban theory. The insights gained offer new ways of thinking through the role of urban commons and reveal how care-full urban justice might be used as a theory to uncover actually existing practices of care and justice in the here and now.
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Janeček, Václav. "Sankční aspekty náhrady škody (právně-komparativní analýza)." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329335.
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Czech courts regularly deal with a question of so-called just satisfaction; particularly, when, on what basis, and how much should be awarded. Just satisfaction, as a form of damages, is primarily compensatory. However, there are some indications that it is perfectly legitimate for law of damages to pursue also another aims than compensation such as prevention or punishment. This view was recently upheld by the Czech Constitutional Court and the Highest Court of the Czech Republic. According to doctrinal approach, it is the domain of punitive or exemplary damages as a specific Anglo-American instrument that covers these two principles (prevention and punishment). Still, the Czech Civil courts consistently refuse to award exemplary damages albeit they do not provide us any sound argumentation. The author of this article suggests it is inaccurate and only partial understanding of exemplary damages that causes the current judicial refusal of them. While focusing on current English and Czech law, the author in his article describes exemplary damages in great detail with respect to their theoretical, conceptual and systematic position. Subsequently, he shows that the negative attitude of the Czech courts is not always appropriate. First, looking at relevant case law, the article characterises what the...