Journal articles: 'Jus commune'

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Winiger, Bénédict. "La transition du Jus Commune au Jus Naturae de Christian Wolff." Revue interdisciplinaire d'études juridiques 30, no. 1 (1993): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riej.030.0001.

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Côté, François. "Jus Commune and Common Languauge: Insights on the Judicial Construction of Linguistic Law in Quebec Through the Prism of Jus Commune." Comparative Legilinguistics 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 42–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cl-2020-0003.

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Abstract The jus commune (droit commun) is the intellectual canvas upon which any rule of law is built upon within a given society, that must be integrated in any interpretation or construction process in any field of law, even constitutional law. As the jus commune bears a series of structural values, one ponders as to the correct construction of linguistic law to be held in that regard within a minority society entrenched inside a greater federal superstructure, where linguistic preservation is a collective existential matter. The author submits that the Supreme Court of Canada may have neglected to consider this important factor in Quebec when striking down large sections of the Charter of the French Language pertaining to the official language of law and judicial decisions in the 1979 Blaikie case, in which it imposed official constitutional bilingualism in matters of legislation and judicial decisions to the enclaved French-speaking province. Perhaps the appropriateness of this decision should be revisited.

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Herlina MP, Andika, Vino Rika Novia, and Ibrahim Ibrahim. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT (LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE) TERHADAP HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA PADA LANSIA LAKI-LAKI DENGAN HIPERTENSI 2021." Jurnal Kesehatan Saintika Meditory 4, no. 2 (November 12, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30633/jsm.v4i2.1274.

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Data dari Sample Registration System (SRS) Indonesia tahun 2014, terdapat 5,3% kasus hipertensi dengan komplikasi yang termasuk kedalam sepuluh penyakit terbanyak yang diderita penduduk Indonesia. Berdasarkan profil kesehatan Dinas Kesehatan Kota (DKK) Padang tahun 2018, hipertensi merupakan penyakit kedua terbanyak di Kota Padang pada tahun 2017. Puskesmas Andalas merupakan puskesmas dengan kasus hipertensi tertinggi di Kota Padang dengan jumlah 2.028 kasus (10,74%). Tujuan npenelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus tomat terhadap hiperkolesterolemia pada lansia Laki-laki dengan hipertensi.Jenis penelitian adalah Quasy Eksperiment (eksperimen semu) dengan design one Group Pre test dan post test Design. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas kota Padang pada tanggal 22 september -29 September 2021. Populasi pada penelitian ini seluruh Lansia Laki-laki yang yang rutin melakukan pemeriksaan rutin setiap bulanan sebanyak 120 orang. sampel 20 responden, semuanya adalah kelompok hipertensi. Dan teknik pengambilan sampel Purposive Sampling. Analisa data dilakukan analisa univariat yang bertujuan untuk mencari rata-rata (mean) dan analisa bivariat dengan uji independent sampel t testHasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar kolesterol responden sebelum diberikan jus tomat (lycopersicumme commune) adalah 260,87, rata-rata kadar kolesterol responden setelah diberikan jus tomat (lycopersicumme commune) adalah 205,64. Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh pemberian jus tomat (lycopersicumme commune) terhadap kadar kolesterol, p-value = 0,000 (p<0,05).Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat pengaruh pemberian jus tomat (lycopersicumme commune) terhadap hiperkolesterolemia pada Lansia laki-laki dengan hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Andalas Kota Padang Tahun 2021. Diharapkan petugas yang memegang program penyuluhan kesehatan dapat emberikan edukasi dan diaplikasikan sebagai bentuk terapi non farmakologi yaitu berupa jus tomat yang dapat dikonsumsikan sebagai salah satu alternative pengobatan kadar kolesterol yang tinggi.Kata Kunci : Jus Tomat , Hiperkolesterolemia, Lansia, Laki-Laki, Hipertensi

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Halperin, Jean-Louis. "L'approche historique et la problématique du jus commune." Revue internationale de droit comparé 52, no. 4 (2000): 717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ridc.2000.18625.

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Paramita R, Sukma, and Niken Puruhita. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT ( LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE ) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLE DAN DIASTOLE LAKI – LAKI HIPERTENSIF USIA 40 – 45 TAHUN." Journal of Nutrition College 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v4i2.10053.

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Latar Belakang : Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan sesorang mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah diatas normal yang mengakibatkan peningkatan angka kesakitan (morbiditas) dan angka kematian (mortalitas). Buah tomat (Lycopersicum commune) mengandung kalium yang mempunyai efek menurunkan tekanan darah.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus buah tomat (Lycopersium commune ) terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pria hipertensif usia 40-45 tahunMetode: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan pre-post control design. Jumlah subyek 34 orang dengan tekanan darah sistolik mempunyai tekanan darah sistolik > 120-139 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik > 90-119 mmHg dan meminum obat antihipertensi. Jus tomat sebanyak 200 ml diberikan 1 kali sehari selama 14 hari terbuat dari 150 gram buah tomat, 2,5g gula diet dan 100 ml air.Hasil:Pemberian jus tomat 200ml 1x sehari selama 14 hari secara klinis tidak menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, tetapi menurut hasil penelitian pemberian 200ml jus tomat dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 4,4mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 3,1 mmHg pada kelompok perlakuan dan pada kelompok kontrol dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 1,4 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 1,4mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik setelah dikontrol dengan IMT dan asupan kalium.Simpulan:Pemberian jus tomat dapat membantu menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada laki-laki usia 40-45 tahun

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Astuti, Yuniarti Dwi, and Hesti Murwani Rahayuningsih. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA PREDIABETES." Journal of Nutrition College 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2013): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v2i1.2105.

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Latar Belakang : Prediabetes merupakan kondisi dimana kadar glukosa darah seseorang berada diantara kadar normal dan diabetes. Pengaturan diet merupakan cara efektif untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Jus Tomat merupakan salah satu bahan minuman yang dihubungkan dengan penurunan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh pemberian jus tomat terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada prediabetes. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pra eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pre test-post test design. Subjek penelitian adalah warga Kelurahan Sendangguwo Semarang yang diambil secara consecutive sampling. Besar sampel adalah 21 orang. Tiap sampel diberi jus tomat sebanyak 200 ml yang berasal dari 180 gram tomat merah jenis Lycopersicum commune yang di-blanching dengan air pada suhu 70-90°C selama 10 menit kemudian diblender dan disaring. Intervensi jus tomat diberikan selama 3 minggu. Kadar glukosa darah puasa diukur satu hari sebelum dan satu hari setelah intervensi dengan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Selama intervensi, asupan makan diperoleh dengan metode food recall 3×24 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk dan paired t- test. Hasil : Terjadi penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa sebesar 9,00 mg/dl (7,64%) setelah pemberian jus tomat selama 3 minggu. Simpulan : Uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah puasa sebelum dan setelah pemberian jus tomat.

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Nur, Dewi Masithoh, and Aryu Chandra Kusumastuti. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT BERKULIT DAN TANPA KULIT (LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL LDL PADA LANJUT USIA HIPERKOLESTEROLEMI." Journal of Nutrition College 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2014): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v3i1.4606.

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Latar Belakang : Hiperkolesterolemi menyebabkan terjadinya atherosclerosis yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler pada lanjut usia. Likopen berperan dalam mengatur metabolisme kolesterol dan dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol terutama Low-Density Lypoprotein (LDL).Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian jus tomat (Licopersicum commune) dengan kulit dan tanpa kulit terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL pada lansia hiperkolesterolemi. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental dengan rancangan pre-post gup design. Subyek pada penelitian ini adalah lanjut usia hiperkolesterolemi yang memiliki kadar kolesterol LDL 100 – 159 mg/dl. Subyek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan I (jus tomat dengan kulit) dan kelompok perlakuan II (jus tomat tanpa kulit) dengan dosis 150 g tomat yang di blanch selama 1 menit dengan penambahan air 50 ml dan gula 2 gam selama 14 hari. Data diuji dengan Mann-whitney untuk mencari perbedaan pengaruh antara kelompok perlakuan I dan II. Hasil : Terdapat penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada masing-masing kelompok, tetapi antara kelompok I dan II tidak terdapat perbedaan penurunan kolesterol LDL yang bermakna.

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Lestari, Aryati Puji, and Hesti Murwani Rahayuningsih. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS TOMAT (LYCOPERSICUM COMMUNE) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH WANITA POSTMENOPAUSE HIPERTENSIF." Journal of Nutrition College 1, no. 1 (October 4, 2012): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v1i1.422.

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ABSTRACT Background: Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia reached 6.7% of the population mortality at all ages. The blood pressure of postmenopausal women tends to increase due to decreased of the protective effect of estrogens and increased of salt sensitivity. Tomato fruit (Lycopersicum commune) contains potassium and lycopene which has the effect of decreasing blood pressure.Objective: Determine the effect of consuming tomato juice (Lycopersicum commune) to the blood pressure of hypertensive postmenopausal women.Method: This study is an experiment with a pre-post test control group design. The numbers of study subjects are 34 respondents with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and or diastolic ≥ 90mmHg. The tomato juice of 200 ml consumption once a day for 7 days is made from 150 gram tomato, 5 gram sugar, and 50 ml water.Result: There is a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 11.76 ± 7.276 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 8.82 ± 3.321 mmHg in the treatment group. The tomato juice consumption significantly influences the decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.Conclusion: The tomato juice significantly decreases the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in postmenopausal hypertensive women.Keywords: tomato juice, blood pressure, hypertension

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9

Grosswald Curran, Vivian. "Harmoniser la common law et le droit civil en jus commune universalisable." Revue de science criminelle et de droit pénal comparé N° 2, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rsc.2202.0243.

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10

Caranta, Roberto. "Judicial protection against Member States: A new jus commune takes shape." Common Market Law Review 32, Issue 3 (June 1, 1995): 703–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola1995032.

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Aiska, Grace Sabilla, and Aryu Chandra Kusumastuti. "PERBEDAAN PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH SISTOLIK LANJUT USIA HIPERTENSI YANG DIBERI JUS TOMAT (Lycopersicum commune) DENGAN KULIT DAN TANPA KULIT." Journal of Nutrition College 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2014): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v3i1.4547.

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Latar Belakang : Hipertensi meningkatkan peluang terjadinya penyakit ginjal dan kardiovaskuler serta gangguan sistem saraf dan retinopati. Likopen berperan dalam menurunkan tekanan darah dengan cara mencegah penebalan dan pengerasan dinding arteri dengan mengendalikan tonus otot polos pembuluh darah.Tujuan : Menganalisis perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sistolik lanjut usia hipertensi yang diberi jus tomat (Lycopersicum commune) dengan kulit dan tanpa kulit. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi experimental dengan rancangan pre-post grup design. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 34 lanjut usia hipertensi yang memiliki tekanan darah sistolik 120 – 190 mm Hg. Subyek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan I (jus tomat dengan kulit) dan kelompok perlakuan II (jus tomat tanpa kulit) dengan dosis 150 g tomat yang diblanch, air 50 ml, dan gula 2 g selama 7 hari. Uji normalitas menggunakan uji Saphiro-Wilk. Uji Wilcoxon untuk melihat perbedaan tekanan darah sistolik sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada kedua kelompok karena distribusi data tidak normal. Data perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sistolik diuji dengan Mann-Whitney karena distribusi data tidak normal.Hasil : Pada kelompok perlakuan I rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik sebelum perlakuan 144,71 + 18,07 mmHg menjadi 134,71 + 17,72 mmHg setelah perlakuan sehingga terjadi penurunan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 10,00 + 7,91 mmHg dengan p=0,001. Sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan II rata-rata tekanan darah sistolik sebelum perlakuan 140,59 + 20,45 mmHg menjadi 134,71 + 15,46 mmHg setelah perlakuan sehingga terjadi penurunan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 5,88 + 7,12 mmHg dengan p=0,008. Uji Man-Whitney menunjukkan penurunan tekanan darah sistolik kedua kelompok memiliki p=0,218.Kesimpulan : Terdapat penurunan tekanan darah sistolik sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan pada masing-masing kelompok (p<0.05), tetapi antara kelompok I dan II tidak terdapat perbedaan penurunan tekanan darah sistolik yang bermakna (p>0,05).

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Samson, Mélanie, and Louise Langevin. "Revisiting Qúebec's Jus Commune in the Era of the Human Rights Charters." American Journal of Comparative Law 63, no. 3 (October 9, 2015): 719–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5131/ajcl.2015.0020.

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Guillaumin, Béatrice. "Étude comparée des jurisprudences de la CEDH et de la CJUE : vers la consécration d’un jus commune européen du renseignement ?" Études françaises de renseignement et de cyber N° 1, no. 1 (November 23, 2023): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/efrc.231.0023.

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Au sein de l’espace européen, en matière de renseignement, l’équilibre entre garanties des droits fondamentaux et sécurité est désormais façonné par la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne. À cet égard, il faut constater que leurs jurisprudences respectives ne sont pas sans entrer en résonnance, comme en témoigne le rapprochement des standards dégagés en matière d’encadrement et de contrôle des moyens de surveillance. Plus encore, à travers des dynamiques d’influence mutuelle, il semblerait que puisse être esquissé un véritable jus commune européen du renseignement. Fruit de la complémentarité des interventions des juges européens mais également de la convergence de leurs œuvres prétoriennes, l’avènement de ce droit commun européen du renseignement n’est toutefois pas sans achopper sur certains obstacles. Outre des dissensions jurisprudentielles, c’est parfois le discours juridique des deux cours qui rencontre des difficultés pour se diffuser dans les droits nationaux.

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Pinto, Agerson Tabosa. "A UNIÃO ESTÁVEL BRASILEIRA E SUAS RAÍZES ROMANÍSTICAS." Revista Jurídica da FA7 4 (April 30, 2007): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24067/rjfa7;4.1:201.

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O Direito Romano produziu institutos que ultrapassaram a antiguidade clássica, sobreviveram ao Imperium, foram incorporados, na Idade Média, ao jus commune, e, por fim, aculturados, na Idade Moderna, aos direitos nacionais. O presente trabalho tenta mostrar que, hodiernamente, institutos jurídicos de origem romana, que pareciam mortos e sepultados para sempre, estão renascendo, como é o caso da união estável. Quando das justas núpcias, o poder do marido sobre a esposa (manus), indispensável à constituição da família, poderia operar-se por qualquer uma destas modalidades: a celebração festiva (confarreatio), a compra e venda (coempio) e a convivência ininterrupta e harmoniosa do casal (usus), ao longo de um ano. Segundo nos parece, a união estável brasileira veio ressuscitar o casamento por uso. Neste, como naquela, há os nubentes habilitados, desimpedidos de casar-se, ou com direito ao jus conubii, a vontade de constituir família, a affectio maritalis, seguindo-se o compromisso de honrar as obrigações recíprocas (honor matrimonii), ou “deveres de lealdade, respeito e assistência.”

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Hiromura, Nicholas. "“A Conviction about What is Moral or Lawful” Carl Schmitt on humanitarianism, the humanum, and the possibility of a “universal jus commune”." Veritas (Porto Alegre) 66, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): e40279. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2021.1.40279.

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Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) spent much of his life arguing against human rights. While this may not come as a surprise, a closer examination of The Concept of the Political reveals that Schmitt’s critique of Liberal humanitarianism is itself rooted in a concept of the humanum as a sphere of substantive moral and political conflict. As an analysis of Schmitt’s concept of the enemy shows, this humanum serves as an argument for the necessity of a juristic distinction between enemy and foe. For, only by distinguishing between the relativized enemy and the absolute foe, Schmitt argues, will we be able to distinguish create a space for particularly political action. Having revealed the framework of mediated moral conflict, in which Schmitt conceives of political action, I then turn to consider Schmitt’s minimalist proposal for a positive definition of a “universal jus commune” and assess its significance for a discussion of human rights.

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Boureau, Alain. "Droit naturel et abstraction judiciaire. Hypothèses sur la nature du droit médiéval." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 57, no. 6 (December 2002): 1463–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.2002.280120.

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RésuméL’opposition entre droit naturel et droit positif, qui peut être considérée comme l’une des façons d’affirmer la distinction entre le fait et le droit, essentielle à l’activité juridique, a été construite en Occident médiéval au XIIe siècle. À l’encontre d’une historiographie qui célèbre le naturalisme du droit médiéval, on souligne que c’est le droit positif qui constitue le terme marqué de l’opposition, comme le montre une étude précise de la formation lexicale et conceptuelle de l’opposition, autour de Pierre Abélard et de Thierry de Chartres. Cette positivité repose sur deux fondements: l’idée d’un dépassement de la nature déchue par une grâce distribuée après coup et la distinction progressive entre éthique et droit. À l’inverse de l’éthique, qui privilégie l’intention, le droit ne peut s’établir que sur des faits. La lutte contre l’hérésie, bloquée par les ambivalences de l’intention, accentue encore le recours aux faits. Le cantonnement du droit naturel se comprend au sein du processus d’abstraction juridique, qui formalise et objective les situations de conflit ou de transgression. C’est précisément un consensus autour de l’artifice juridique qui assure l’autonomie nouvelle du droit et le développement d’un Jus commune et d’une Common Law au Moyen Âge.

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Rolla, Giancarlo. "Lo sviluppo del controllo accentrato di costituzionalità in America latina e il suo ruolo nelle moderne democrazie: verso la costruzione di uno jus commune del diritto processuale costituzionale?" Anuario Iberoamericano de Justicia Constitucional 25, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 285–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.18042/cepc/aijc.25.09.

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Cien años después de la entrada en vigor de la Constitución austríaca en 1920, esta obra tiene por objeto, en primer lugar, poner de relieve tanto la novedad que representa la justicia constitucional, en comparación con las formas anteriores de control de la constitucionalidad, como las transformaciones que ha experimentado el «modelo» austríaco durante su circulación en Europa y en América Latina. Posteriormente, se examina con mayor profundidad el papel diferente que desempeñan los tribunales constitucionales tanto en las fases posteriores a una ruptura constitucional o durante una transición democrática como en los períodos de democracia «madura». En ambos contextos se intenta poner de relieve las técnicas interpretativas utilizadas por los tribunales constitucionales para armonizar los valores constitucionales con la sociedad y dialogar con los demás poderes del Estado. Por último, se subraya la creciente participación de los jueces constitucionales en la resolución de cuestiones de importancia política e institucional.

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Gambaro, Antonio. "Abuse of rights in civil law tradition." European Review of Private Law 3, Issue 4 (December 1, 1995): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl1995042.

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Abstract. The doctrine of abuse of rights has a long history but little future. The jurists who developed the jus commune could draw on Roman sources to support the principle that the exercise of one’s rights could not be relied on to justify intentional harm to another. In mediaeval times this principle was mainly used to prevent unsuitable use of building rights and assist in town planning. The requirement of intention was diluted by reference to numerous presumptions. The Napoleonic code avoided the need to rely on the doctrine by including certain zoning and town criteria within the code, but it was called upon later in the nineteenth century as a way of dealing with conflicting interests in the way land was used and the activities allowed on the land. This use of the doctrine was in turn rendered otiose when the tort provisions of the civil code began to be interpreted in an extensive manner which allowed conflicting interests to be weighed in determining the existence of fault liability. The doctrine of abuse of rights has thereafter played only a restricted role in the French legal system. It has been codified in relation to abuse of procedural rights within the justice system. The experience of other legal systems is similar. Although the principle prohibiting the abuse of rights was codified in Switzerland, Germany and Italy, these provisions have only rarely been relied on in practice. The need to prove intention is too onerous. Other provisions of the codes, such as the requirement of good faith in §242 BGB have enabled an equitable result to be achieved without resort to the doctrine of abuse of rights. It has also been subsumed within traditional principles such as venire contra factum proprium and unconscionability. Indeed the abuse of right theory is too rigid to provide an adequate resolution of the underlying problem: the balancing of conflicting interests. More flexible approaches have rendered the doctrine largely superfluous.

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Clément, Daniel. "Uînashku (la marmotte commune)." Journal of Canadian Studies 28, no. 3 (August 1993): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.28.3.62.

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Špakaitė, Ina, and Jolanta Kostkevičienė. "Nostoc genties melsvabakterių įvairovė ir jos apsauga Lietuvoje." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 1, no. 4 (April 12, 2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2009.4.04.

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Straipsnyje aptariama Nostoc genties rūšių įvairovė ir ekologija Lietuvoje. Aptiktos devynios šios genties rūšys: N. caeruleum, N. carneum, N. commune, N. ellipsosporum, N. linckia, N. pruniforme, N. punctiforme, N. spongiaeforme ir N. verrucosum. Plačiai paplitusios yra N. commune ir N. caeruleum rūšys. Penkios rūšys aptiktos NATURA 2000 buveinėse. Didžiausia rūšių įvairovė nustatyta vandens telkiniuose ir tik dvi rūšys (N. commune ir N. ellipsosporum) – sausumoje. Nostoc rūšių individai vystėsi natūraliuose ir dirbtiniuose vandens telkiniuose, kurių pH svyravo nuo 6,0 iki 8,7, temperatūra – 13,0–27,0 °C ir savitasis elektrinis laidis – 150–390 μS/cm.

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ISOBE, Toshihiko. "To Create the New Commune." Journal of Rural Studies(1994) 6, no. 2 (2000): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9747/jrs.6.2_1.

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Tams, Christian J. "Three Questions about “Informal Regulation”." AJIL Unbound 112 (2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.40.

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In the grand debates of international law, the jus ad bellum is often proclaimed dead, and just as often praised as the “cornerstone” of the contemporary legal order. Both perspectives tend to ignore that the jus ad bellum is not static, but a body of law that states adjust over time. In an important contribution, Monica Hakimi proposes to look at one particular aspect of such adjustment, a concept she frames as “informal regulation” through Security Council action. This essay engages with Hakimi's approach. It inquires whether this approach is as “informal” as Hakimi suggests, and asks whether “informal regulation”—rather than constituting a new category of state activities to study—is not already part of conventional approaches to the jus ad bellum. Proceeding from Hakimi's analysis, the comment assesses whether there is room for “informal regulation” beyond the Security Council.

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Papaux, Alain, and Éric Wyler. "« Guerre » à Gaza et « génocide » : salvatrice froideur du droit dans le débat." Revue interdisciplinaire d'études juridiques Volume 92, no. 1 (July 17, 2024): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riej.092.0095.

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Dans la tourmente des bombes à Gaza et des accusations de propagande diabolisant le frère ennemi israélien ou palestinien, le droit international tente modestement de contenir la violence par les régulations du jus ad bellum et du jus in bello . S'agissant des exactions commises sur le terrain, seul le recours à un tribunal international impartial permettrait de les qualifier juridiquement . En effet, tout génocide supposant une « intention de détruire… un groupe national, ethnique, racial ou religieux (…) », comment, sans l'interprétation d'un juge de bonne foi, déterminer concrètement si Israël ou le Hamas (ou les deux) s'en est rendu coupable ? Encore faudrait-il un consensus pour saisir une juridiction…

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Lieblich, Eliav. "The Humanization of Jus ad Bellum: Prospects and Perils." European Journal of International Law 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 579–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab039.

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Abstract In its recent General Comment no. 36 (GC 36), the Human Rights Committee (HRC) engaged for the first time, in a substantial manner, with the relations between the law on the use of force (jus ad bellum) and the right to life. This article uses the HRC’s position on these relations as a platform for a long-needed discussion on the theoretical underpinnings, and implications, of a possible human rights law on the resort to force between states. This article identifies and conceptualizes three pillars in GC 36’s position, which subject traditional questions of jus ad bellum to international human rights law considerations: first, the view that aggression is not only a violation of jus ad bellum but also that the killings it entails are ipso facto violations of the right to life, even in cases where these killings would be lawful under the laws of armed conflict (jus in bello); second, that states bear the ‘responsibility’ to oppose aggression as a matter of human rights; and, third, that a state’s failure to reasonably attempt to resolve disputes peacefully could amount to a violation of the duty to ensure the right to life of its people. The article analyses these pillars doctrinally and then moves to discuss the theoretical commitments required to accept each of them as well as their costs. Namely, they all require breaking with the traditional view that jus ad bellum is strictly an interstate issue. Although, as the article argues, this development is based on sound ethical premises, the humanization of jus ad bellum through human rights law carries risks that should not be overlooked: chiefly, the securitization of human rights and the depoliticization of war. The prospects and perils of the humanization of jus ad bellum, as this article demonstrates, open a new area of theoretical inquiry and legal possibilities.

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Venckus, Petras, Skalvis Paliulis, Jolanta Kostkevičiene, and Andrej Dementjev. "CARS microscopy of scytonemin in cyanobacteriaNostoc commune." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 49, no. 8 (April 30, 2018): 1333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5388.

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Silingardi, Stefano. "THE UNITED KINGDOM’S INVOLVEMENT IN the 2003 IRAQI WAR: JUS AD BELLUM AND JUS IN BELLO ISSUES BEFORE THE IRAQ (CHILCOT) INQUIRY." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 26, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 347–259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90000169a.

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The Report of the Iraq (Chilcot) Inquiry was published on 6 July 2016. The Inquiry was a very vast and complex undertaking both in scope (it aimed to scrutinize UK policy decisions linked to the 2003 Iraq war adopted in the period 2001-2009) and in size (the Report comprises 12 volumes which ran to over 2.6 million words). By way of contrast, the aim of this short comment is very limited as it examines only a few sections of the Report, namely those concerning the decision to go to war (sections 5, 6.5, 9.1, 9.2 and 9.8) and the period of belligerent occupation (sections 10.1 and 10.3).

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Fauvarque-Cosson, Bénédicte. "L’avant-projet français de réforme du droit des obligations et de la prescription: présentation générale." European Review of Private Law 15, Issue 6 (December 1, 2007): 761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2007042.

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Summary: The Livre III, Titre III of the French Civil Code ‘Des contrats ou des obligations conventionnelles en général’ has remained practically as it stood in 1804. Recently, a project for a major reform of the law of obligations and prescription (of the Code civil) was formed by some French academics, and the idea was strongly supported by the former President Jacques Chirac, on the occasion of commemoration of the bicentenary of the Code civil. The ‘Avant-projet de réforme de droit des obligations et de la prescription’ was achieved by a committee of 36, mainly professors of law, under the intellectual sponsorship of the Association Capitant and the presidency of Professor Pierre Catala (hence its second name: «Avant-projet Catala»). A distinct team was set up for tort law, chaired by Professors Geneviève Viney and GeorgesDurry and for the law of prescription (Professor PhilippeMalaurie). In order to understand why such a sudden move was made, suffice it to recall the vivid debate which took place in France on the possibility of a European civil code. This debate has awakened the feeling that something had to be done in order to modernize our law of obligations. Moreover, a broad diffusion in France of the Principles of European Contract Law has helped the French to realize that many convergences and similarities already exist between our law of contracts and the work of the Lando Commission.Therefore, the aim of the working group was not only to restore the place of the Code civil inside French law – the law of obligations, such as it stands in that code, must constitute the jus commune – but also outside France where it has lost a great part of its prestige. The avant-projet starts with Article 1101 and terminates at Article 1386, just as the Code civil currently does. There were 296 articles in the Code civil (ten were added since 1804); there are 488 of them in the Avant-projet. The innovations are numerous and the overall structure has greatly improved. Yet, for all of these innnovations, a great tribute is still paid to tradition. For instance, the French concept of cause survives fierce criticism and the power of the judges to adapt the contract in case of a major change of circumstances is rejected (Art. 1135-1 et seq.). An impressive work has been achieved. A number of consultations have taken place among practitioners and enterprises. It is hoped that this Avant-projet will soon lead to a major reform of the French law of obligations and prescription. Zusammenfassung: Das Buch III, Abschnitt III des französischen Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs mit der Überschrift ‘Des contrats ou des obligations conventionnelles en général’ ist im Grundsatz seit 1804 unverändert geblieben. Zur Gelegenheit des zweihundertjährigen Jubileums des Code Civil wurde kürzlich ein Projekt zur grundsätzlichen Reformierung des Schuldrechts sowie des Verjährungsrechts (des Code Civil) durch einige französische Rechtswissenschaftler gegründet, welches durch den ehemaligen Präsidenten Jacques Chirac sehr unterstützt wurde. Das ‘Avant-projet de réforme de droit des obligations et de la prescription’ wurde durch eine Kommission von 36 Mitgliedern ausgeführt, die sich hauptsächlich aus Professoren der Rechtswissenschaften zusammensetzte, von der Association Capitant gesponsort wurde und von Prof. Pierre Catala vorgesessen wurde (deshalb war ihr zwe

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Angwaomaodoko, Ejuchegahi Anthony. "The Re-Examination of the Israel-Hamas War in the Light of the Just War Theory." Journal of Asian Development 10, no. 1 (June 29, 2024): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52941/jad.v10i1.58.

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The Israel-Hamas conflict presents a complex ethical dilemma when viewed through the lens of the just war theory. This essay examines the conflict in light of the theory's principles, including jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and jus post bellum. Justifying the resort to war requires careful consideration of factors such as just cause, legitimate authority, and right intention. However, interpretations of these criteria vary widely, reflecting divergent narratives and interests on both sides. Once hostilities commence, adherence to principles of proportionality and discrimination becomes paramount, yet the asymmetrical nature of the conflict complicates efforts to minimize harm to non-combatants. The concept of jus post bellum emphasizes the importance of achieving a just and sustainable peace, but persistent cycles of violence and political divisions impede progress toward reconciliation. By examining the Israel-Hamas conflict through the prism of just war theory, this paper highlights the challenges of applying ethical principles to contemporary conflicts and underscores the need for nuanced and context-specific approaches to promoting peace and justice. In conclusion, it is important for world leaders to abide by the principles of just war as they navigate conflict and warfare within their territories; and by upholding the ethical guidelines of proportionality, discrimination, and just cause, these leaders have the opportunity to reduce and minimize civilian casualties.

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Akande, Dapo, and Katie A. Johnston. "Human Rights and Resort to Force: Introduction to the Symposium." European Journal of International Law 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab047.

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Abstract While the relationship between the jus in bello and international human rights law has been the subject of considerable debate, less attention has been paid to the relationship between the jus ad bellum and human rights. The United Nations Human Rights Committee’s General Comment 36 on the right to life, adopted on 30 October 2018, brought these questions to the fore with the Committee’s pronouncement that ‘States parties engaged in acts of aggression as defined in international law, resulting in deprivation of life, violate ipso facto article 6 of the Covenant’. The contributions in this Symposium assess three ways of viewing the relationship between the protection of human rights and resort to force. First, the suggestion that resort to force in violation of the jus ad bellum will amount to a violation of the right to life is explored. Second, some contributions examine different arguments as to whether international law permits, justifies or excuses resort to force to protect human rights, and indeed whether it can change to permit such. Third, one contribution examines whether the crime of aggression, as defined in the ICC Statute, covers resort to force to protect human rights.

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Yatsyshyn, Andrii. "Hermeneutics of the dialogue between James and Paul on faith, works and justification." Good Parson: scientific bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk Academy of John Chrysostom. Theology. Philosophy. History, no. 14 (January 29, 2020): 50–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52761/2522-1558.2019.14.4.

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The article presents a short intertextual analysis of Old Testament quotations and allusions in Jas 2: 14-26 and in Rom 4: 1-8. Has been demonstrated the intertextual connection between Jas 2 :14-26 and Rom 4: 1-8, taking into account the closer and distant contexts of both passages with application of approach of rabbinic controversy to the analysis of the text of Jas 2: 14-26. The hermeneutical approach has demonstrated two distinct starting points for Paul and James' argumentation, which ultimately lead to commune conclusion and point of arrival – faith in Christ is organically called to be active in the works of love and mercy.

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McGuire, Kim. "Jus Sanguinis, “Effective Nationality” and Exclusion: Analysing Citizenship Deprivation in the UK." Genealogy 6, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6030062.

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This article will analyse the use of genealogy in the context of race, place, and justice via the concepts of nationality/citizenship and cultural/national identity, including “imagined communities”. Analysis is undertaken through the legal concept of “jus sanguinis” and simultaneous differing interpretations of “citizen”, including the concept of “effective nationality”. The latter incorporates the Nottebohm principle “shared sentiments and interests” and is particularly relevant in “security situations. This article argues that “effective nationality” is indicative of the Anderson’s famous landmark study of nationalism, “Imagined Communities”. The legal concept of jus sanguinis draws upon genealogy: “A line of descent traced continuously from an ancestor”. However, the imagined communities to which someone perceives they belong, through ancestral lineage, or cultural, political or religious affinity are often highly contested cultural notions, not least in times of political unrest. This article will focus on the UK and show how liberal policies and criteria initially aimed at the expansion of citizenship have, in the 21st century, similarly enabled exclusion. However, I argue that the current exclusion process is the simultaneous use of jus sanguinis and cultural interpretations of “effective nationality” when applied to those who supported proscribed groups, for example ISIS in Syria. This paper uses legislation, media comment, and the legal case studies of Nottebohm and Shamima Begu.

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Fossier, Robert. "Les « communes rurales » au Moyen Age." Journal des savants 2, no. 1 (1992): 235–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jds.1992.1558.

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OUCHI, Masatoshi. "The Concept for Commune : Agrarian Issues Reconsidered by Toshihiko ISOBE." Journal of Rural Studies(1994) 7, no. 2 (2001): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9747/jrs.7.2_61.

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Bułajewski, Stanisław. "Supervisory authorities and quasi-authorities in commune-level local government." Journal of Modern Science 45, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.13166/jms/131253.

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Bilouseac, Irina, and Silvica Nicoleta Spînul. "Analysis of the Degree of Decentralization of Vicovu de Jos." European Journal of Law and Public Administration 9, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/9.2/181.

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The local authorities in a certain community have revenues from the local budget that are often much lower than what is needed. If in the first article of this magazine we analyzed the degree of financial decentralization of the Municipality of Suceava, the seat of the county, we want to study the situation at the level of a medium-level commune in Suceava County. Although the authorities know the situation in the respective locality, they know what public services its residents still need, the lack of money in the budget makes it impossible to provide certain services, the spending of money from the budget being restricted by the existence of other administrative requirements that must be met. Due to lack of funds, local authorities will not be able to demonstrate that they can provide quality public services to citizens. The lack of administrative decentralization that is not duplicated by financial decentralization will be doomed from the start. Thus, the main reason for choosing the topic of this article resides in the need to know the degree of financial decentralization, the financial position and the share of own revenues in the total revenues of a certain locality, to see to what extent the local authority in a commune of average level can satisfy the needs of the population.

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Vasile, Gabriel. "Analiza antropologică a resturilor scheletice din Biserica Mare a Mănăstirii Hurezi (com. Romanii de Jos, jud. Vâlcea) / Anthropological analysis of the skeletal remains from Biserica Mare of the Hurezi Monastery (Romanii de Jos commune, Vâlcea County)." Materiale şi cercetãri arheologice (Serie nouã) 12, no. 1 (2016): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mcarh.2016.1034.

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Schlamberger Brezar, Mojca. "Le rôle des topoï dans la négociation conversationnelle." Linguistica 39, no. 1 (December 1, 1999): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.39.1.123-136.

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Les topoï apparaissent pour la première fois chez Aristote dans ses Topiques. Là, ii étudie des espèces des topoï, pouvant servir de prémisses à des syllogismes dialectiques ou rhétoriques. Dans sa Rhétorique, il distingue Jes lieux communs, qui peuvent servir indifféremment en n'importe quelle science et ne relèvent d'aucune, et Jes lieux spécifiques, qui sont propres soit à une science particulière, soit à un genre oratoire bien défini (d'après Perelman et Olbrechts-Tytéca: 1958: 12).

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Ward, Jas S., Antonio Frontera, and Kari Rissanen. "Retraction: Nucleophilic iodonium interactions (NIIs) in 2-coordinate iodine(i) and silver(i) complexes." Chemical Communications 58, no. 32 (2022): 5041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cc90120j.

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Truszkowski, Wojciech, and Małgorzata Szwejkowska. "Possibilities of using internet public communications in the range of commune investments." Journal of Modern Science 41, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13166/jms/111172.

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Parlopiano, Brandon T. "The Burden of Proving Insanity in the Medieval Ius commune." Jurist: Studies in Church Law and Ministry 72, no. 2 (2012): 515–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jur.2012.0062.

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Bradley, Curtis A. "Conflicting Approaches to the U.S. Common Law of Foreign Official Immunity." American Journal of International Law 115, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2020.90.

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AbstractFor more than a decade, U.S. courts have struggled to develop a common law immunity regime to govern suits brought against foreign government officials, and they are now divided on a number of issues, including the extent to which they should defer to the executive branch and whether to recognize a jus cogens exception. This Editorial Comment considers a more conceptual division in the courts, between an “effect-of-judgment” approach that would confer immunity only when the judgment that the plaintiff is seeking would be directly enforceable against the foreign state, and a broader “nature-of-act” approach that would confer immunity whenever the plaintiff's case is challenging conduct carried out on behalf of the state. The Comment argues in favor of the nature-of-act approach and explains why analogies in this context to domestic civil rights litigation are misplaced.

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Rusu, Raularian, Ciprian Moldovan, Titus Man, Elena-Manuela Bîrsănuc, and Cosmina-Daniela Ursu. "Natural and Migration Balance of the Population in Sibiu County Between 1992 and 2021." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Geographia 69, no. 2 (December 30, 2024): 55–80. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbgeogr.2024.2.04.

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Natural and Migration Balance of the Population in Sibiu County between 1992 and 2021. Sibiu County has been characterised by a better demographic situation than the rest of Romania in the past three decades. The birth rate in Sibiu County has been around 10‰ for many years, above the national and regional average. The mortality rate had similar values, around 10‰ for many years, resulting in a natural balance rate around zero. However, during the pandemic (2020-2021), the birth rate dropped, and the mortality rate increased, which determined a negative natural balance rate at the level of Sibiu County, as low as -4.5‰ in 2021. The net migration rate, on the other hand, has been positive every year since 2006, reaching the highest value of 3.41‰ in 2019, right before the pandemic. The positive net migration rate determined also positive values of the total balance rate in Sibiu County between 2006 and 2019, reaching the highest value of 3.13‰ in 2019. However, the steep decline of the natural balance rate during the pandemic also affected the total balance rate, which became negative in both 2020 and 2021. Nevertheless, the total balance rate is expected to reverse back to positive values after the end of the pandemic. Within Sibiu County, the suburbanization is the major recent process that has an important demographic impact. Areas around the city of Sibiu, especially the commune of Șelimbăr and the town of Cisnădie, have experienced a huge demographic growth, due to migration, but also due to the natural balance rate, which increased suddenly because most of the migrants are young families. Similar situations, although at a lower scale, were recorded in other communes around the city of Sibiu, such as Șura Mare, Șura Mică and Cristian, as well as in communes in Hârtibaciu Plateau (Roșia, Nocrich, Vurpăr, Merghindeal, Chirpăr, Iacobeni), characterised by high birth rates. In contrast, many communes in the western and north-western parts of Sibiu County, such as those in Secașe Plateau (Ludoș, Păuca, Loamneș, Apoldu de Jos), Târnava Mare Corridor and the surrounding hills (Micăsasa, Șeica Mare, Axente Sever, Blăjel, Bazna, Alma, Ațel) and even in Mărginimea Sibiului (Tilișca, Râu Sadului, Jina) experienced a population decline due to outmigration and a negative natural balance rate and a negative net migration rate. Keywords: natural balance, net migration rate, population dynamics, Sibiu County, Romania

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Carminati, M. N. "Bound Variables and C-Command." Journal of Semantics 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/19.1.1.

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Smoleński, Sylwester. "Command in the Police – the concept of changes in the area of formation command." Journal of Modern Science 48, no. 1 (July 31, 2022): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13166/jms/149874.

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Lumbreras, Blanca, Lucy Anne Parker, Juan Pablo Caballero-Romeu, Luis Gómez-Pérez, Marta Puig-García, Maite López-Garrigós, Nuria García, and Ildefonso Hernández-Aguado. "Reply to Jue, J.S.; Alameddine, M. Role of PSA Density and MRI in PSA Interpretation. Comment on “Lumbreras et al. Variables Associated with False-Positive PSA Results: A Cohort Study with Real-World Data. Cancers 2023, 15, 261”." Cancers 15, no. 10 (May 10, 2023): 2685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102685.

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Tridimas, Takis. "The general principles of EU law and the Europeanisation of national laws." Review of European Administrative Law 13, no. 2 (July 24, 2020): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/187479820x15930701852193.

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Although the ECJ has used general principles of law as a source of rights and obligations from an early stage in the development of EU law, key issues regarding their definition, nature and role as a source of law remain unresolved. How can they be identified? What is their normative basis? Are there rules determining priorities among them and how do they relate to Charter rights? How has their role evolved? Diverse and often bewildering judicial terminology serves to obfuscate the role of principles which, in terms of positive law, stand at the apex of the EU law edifice. This article seeks to revisit some of those questions. It explores the meaning of 'Europeanisation; it attempts a typology of general principles; it seeks to identify their normative basis; and assesses their role both as generators of jus communae and as a source of constitutional conflict.

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Ali, Siti Aissah Binti Mad, and Shahryar Sorooshian. "A Study on the Effect of Commuting Distance on the Organizational Commitment." Journal of Management and Science 1, no. 4 (December 30, 2013): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2013.68.

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Urbanization has led to a high rate of necessity to commute nowadays. Regardless of the other factors, sometimes employees have no choice but to commute to work. The aim of this paper is to study on how does the commuting distance affects the organizational commitment of an employee; whether it is the continuance, normative of affective commitment is affected.

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Barrett, Matthew. "Commonplaces: Loci Communes 1521.By Philip Melanchthon. Translated by Christian Preus." Journal of Theological Studies 67, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jts/flw002.

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Nedović, Nenad, Stevan Jovanović, Danilo Vujčić, and Slavica Mutavdžin Krneta. "Assessment of proprioceptive and kinesthetic memory in shoulder joint using KEMTAI software system." Exercise and Quality of Life 16, no. 2 (December 6, 2024): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.31382/eqol.241201.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">Proprioception and kinesthesia refer to the sense of joint position and movement, assessable through joint position sense (JPS). We evaluated the potential of the KEMTAI software system in tracking and quantifying shoulder movement by examining 40 subjects (ages 22-68) divided into three age groups. Subjects, blindfolded, performed shoulder flexion, stopped on voice command and by their own at predefined angles measured by the software. Our findings indicated no significant differences in JPS accuracy across age groups, although precision improved with external cues, and a decline in JPS memory over short intervals was observed, suggesting further exploration is needed.</p>

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Ben-Larbi, Younès. "LA PARTICIPATION CITOYENNE DANS L’ORDRE JURIDIQUE MAROCAIN." Lex Electronica 29, no. 1 (2024): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.7202/1115068ar.

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Notre article étudie la participation citoyenne dans l’ordre juridique marocain à travers le cas des pétitions présentées au Chef du gouvernement entre 2017 et 2021. Suivant une approche jus positiviste réaliste, il s’intéresse aux conditions et modalités qui permettent l’exercice de ce droit ainsi qu’à la relation asymétrique qui s’établit avec ce même Chef du gouvernement. Le droit de pétitions appartient aux citoyens marocains jouissant de leurs droits civils et politiques et inscrits sur les listes électorales générales, cependant, le titulaire du pouvoir exécutif ne donne que rarement suite à ces interpellations. Nous verrons que l’irrecevabilité fréquente des pétitions transforme l’engagement citoyen en un moyen de prise de parole et de responsabilisation du Chef du gouvernement chaque fois que des causes importantes reçoivent des réponses négatives ou qu’elles aboutissent à la disqualification de leurs auteurs. Nous démontrerons également comment le traitement de ces pétitions conduit à des usages contrastés du droit applicable et comment son glissement consultatif s’affirme pour légitimer de prétendues actions gouvernementales. L’effectivité et l’efficacité du droit de pétitions font partie intégrante de notre analyse, ce qui sert à dévoiler les pratiques développées en la matière.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Jus commune'

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