Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Jusqu'à 1960'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Jusqu'à 1960.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Thiam, Samba. "Les indigènes paysans entre maisons de commerce et administration coloniale : pratiques et institutions de crédit au Sénégal (1840-1940)." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10009.
Full textNimbi, Eugène. "La Politique coloniale des paysannats au Moyen-Congo : 1944-1960." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010652.
Full textRakotomalala, Mbinina Matthieu. "La sociologie du parlement malgache depuis l'indépendance jusqu'à la troisième république : (1960-2009)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100181.
Full textSince independence in 1960, Madagascar has organized several elections and therefore has an ongoing legislative power despite the socio-political crises the country faced . Despite this, the Parliament remains unclear citizens and the academic literature. The six legislatures from 1960 to 2007, including the testimony of elected representatives and the quantitative survey results to the Antananarivo people, are the basis of this research. One purpose is to understand the institution through its uses and will be to a sociography of its members and a sociology of practices. We will approach the Malagasy Parliament like any other country including the old parliamentary democracies even if it was originally "imported" during the colonial period. We adopt the classical perspectives of the sociology of political representation from Weber to Bourdieu particularly on relations with voters, political professionalization (beginning in politics, first elected office, non-parliamentary destiny, etc.), the stability of political personnel (dual mandate, reelection, etc.) and according to the views of sociological analysis of politics for which Parliament is as much a place of social practices that "legal corpus"
Mengue, Moto Mireille Flore. "La coopération militaire entre la France et le Gabon depuis 1960 jusqu'à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010651.
Full textAt the time of independenee in 1960, Gabon signed with France several types of cooperation agreements relate defense. The first aid from Ffance in training, equipping, financing Gabonese armed forces. The second entitle France to intervene in case of threat to defend the territorial integrity or restore order. In this regard, the French troops are prepositioned in Gabon and two interventions have been conducted in 1964 and 1990. Until the late 80s, the military relations between the two states were practicing almost on a bilateral basis and consistently. The end of the Cold war marked by the dismantling of the soviet empire upsets the global geostrategic environment. Forcing France to review its strategies priorities, increasingly becoming European, is multilateralise, broaden its relations outside the African francophone and reform its military. As well as Gabon encased in a conflictual and unstable sub-regional and continental space, doing the new strategic structuring post-cold war carries on the one hand the urgency to revise its military and internationalize in UN and under the action of sub-regional organizations (CEMAC and ECCAS) and continental UA...). On either side of the two states, theses new guidelines require a change in their military relations in the sense of adapting to the new global geopolitical realities. Where the reformulation of military agreements in a treaty of defense partnership signed on 24 february 2010 between France and Gabon to replace the 1960 agreement. Are we heading towards a new direction of military relations between the two states?
Lee, Han-Kyu. "Le développement politique et les partis politiques au Cameroun sous la colonisation française entre 1945-1958." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100047.
Full textOur thesis is divided into three parts and deals essentially with two subjects. The first is the domination of europe, and in particular that of germany and france, in the dialectical relationship between colonization and civilization. The second is the political parties in cameroon and the dilemma they face in the political development process in that country. The story of colonization is not an ordinary story, even if it is related to an economic phenomenon (capitalism) and characterized by the use of force (imperialism). Since then, however, civilization has been based on the inequality between the people being civilized and the people bringing the civilization. Indeed, there can be no "civilizing mission" without the duties of civilization. The "civilizing mission" has not allowed the natives to become french because if that had happened, they would have experienced their rights as their duties. Thus, the capitalistic and imperialistic colonialism practiced by the french has been based on a "distinct" civilization that requires arbitrarily performing the duties of the colonized people. The political parties in cameroon came into being in this historical context. These parties, like those in most of the african countries colonized at the same period, have to reconcile two demands: the first is to fight against colonialism and the second, to provide the population with political structures. Thus, between 1945 and 1958, they gave themselves the task of transforming social forces (social conflicts) into political forces. For the parties in cameroon, politicization is a duty that falls on the people and not a right possessed because it is desired. They had recourse to all kinds of political actions, both violent and non-violent, irrespective of form or content. Through their efforts, the parties in cameroon were able to achieve a positive rather than the normative or doctrinal position that they had during the last phase of colonization. Whatever the basic socio-political conflicts may be, they will always exist and contribute to the functioning of a given society, because there is never a society without conflict. The political parties must face up to their responsibility with regard to socio-political conflicts. One characteristic of the political parties is that they form and break up constantly between groups of individuals who are united by common intere
Giménez, Micó José Antonio. "L'irruption des autres, les discours identitaires de revendication depuis les années 1960 jusqu'à nos jours." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21465.pdf.
Full textMOUBOUNA, GUY CORNEILLE. "L'evolution de la population dans le massif du chaillu (congo) de 1860 a 1960." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010568.
Full textIn a monographic frame, we tried to analyse and to seize the various aspects of under-population of a congo area : the massif of chaillu, during a one centure period from 1860 to 1960. The matter is to search whether the underpopulation was a constant in the past or a purely accidental fact. The study which is in first an historic one has used the resources of other subjects as anthropology, geography, sociology, demography, economy, etc. . . , complex but useful spheres, which let us understand the social and cultural diversity of the massif of chaillu population. This work mainly bases itself on various sources : travels and explorations narratives, ethnographic descriptions, colonial records and oral traditions. All these written and oral sources, exploited, made us able to pull out the conclusions about the under-population of the massif of chaillu chich began really before colonization. The one and its rough methods only worsened an already ancient phenomenon
Kane, Lo Aissata. "Les signares dans la Sénégambie du Nord : constructions identitaires d'un groupe social : XVIIe-XXe siècles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10024.
Full textRuaud, Juliette. "À la lisière du vote : socio-histoire de l'institution électorale dans le Sénégal colonial (années 1840-1960)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69063.
Full textÀ partir d'une collecte d'archives et d'entretiens, cette thèse propose de renouveler l'histoire de l'institution électorale au Sénégal durant la période coloniale. Ce travail affirme la double nécessité d'historiciser les phénomènes de circulation internationale et d'extraversion des normes et des dispositifs de vote, et d'élargir l'horizon géographique de la socio-histoire du vote pour tendre vers une histoire plus polycentrée. Revisiter le cas sénégalais, qui incarne le modèle triomphal de la diffusion des pratiques électorales depuis un centre européen, incite à questionner un récit de l'universalisation du vote individuel-majoritaire et secret qui serait d'office celui d'une victoire progressive. En nous détachant des conceptions les plus évidentes du vote et en analysant les catégories produites dans le contexte colonial, nous mettons au jour des pratiques jusque là négligées ou envisagées de manière cloisonnée : élections menées par les militaires lors de la conquête à partir des formes électives vernaculaires, pratiques locales de dévolution du pouvoir, dispositifs de participation et de délibération nés de la pratique administrative, élections dans les chefferies, élections séditieuses, etc. Seule la prise en compte de cette pluralité de pratiques et de procédures permet de comprendre la forme prise par l'institution électorale dans le pays et sa consolidation. Ceci, sans nous limiter à un inventaire, mais en passant de l'étude de l'acte de vote à celle d'un espace de pratiques. Nous défendons ainsi la nécessité d'une approche relationnelle, capable de montrer que l'institutionnalisation du vote s'est d'abord jouée à ses frontières. En nous situant successivement à l'échelle de la société coloniale et au plus proche de ces activités, nous montrons les influences réciproques qui existent entre les pratiques et les formes de concurrences, de différenciations et de requalifications à l'œuvre. Arpenter l'histoire du vote au Sénégal permet en retour d'interroger plus largement les temporalités et les rythmes de l'histoire de l'institution électorale et partant d'en proposer un récit moins linéaire.
Bernault-Boswell, Florence. "Démocraties ambiguës : la construction d'une société politique au Gabon et au Congo-Brazzaville, 1945-1964." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070005.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the political, social and cultural evolution of central african societies in the gabon and the congo-brazzaville from 1945 to 1964. This study traces the historical roots of the failure of the first african presidents of these newly independent countries (the coups of 1963 and 1964). This work demonstrates the new perception and the new image of public power (and of nation-state) among africans, in particular through the study of elections. In this perspective, this dissertation shows the role of the new colonial occupation in the 1940s and the 1950s. At the same time, it sheds light on the constant appropriation and the active invention of politics by the africans. The dissertation concludes on the important fluidity of political and cultural mobilization, and on the mobility of ethnic identities among africans during this period
Bernard, Claire. "Les aménagements du bassin du fleuve Sénégal pendant la colonisation : 1850/1960." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070031.
Full textAfter a precise description of the senegal river valley's, it is a very complete analysis of each development projects, which is being done. For each projects statements which has to be settleddavn, the political, economic and social contexts, as much in france than in the valley is related. This allows us to unterstand the causes of the failures and the difficulties of a political statement or the spreading out of a poor area. The political, economic, ecological and social's life in the valley is being dealt by to pics : real estate, landed property, conflicts, climatic problems, scarcity or starvation. The african chief district's attitude and the european's commercial houses which contribute to the population's misery, especially during the two world wars, has been denounced
Ouassongo, Olivier. "Mgr Augouard et les missions catholiques du Congo français de 1878 à 1921." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10086.
Full textMadhoun, Mimoun. "Le développement des relations sino-japonaises depuis la rupture sino-soviétique jusqu'à la signature du traité de paix sino-japonais (1960-1978)." Paris, INALCO, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INAL0003.
Full textVilcsinszky, Kuoh Thérèse. "Alexandre Douala Manga Bell : profil d'un homme." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040270.
Full textWho was alexandre douala manga bell ? this these is trying to ask this question. Alexandre douala manga bell was a regional chief'son born in 1897. During his life he was deputy from 1945 to 1966, first in french parliement and after in cameroon parliement. In the story of the coutry he appears like a very intelectual and erudit man in his society. And more than one said that he had many potentialities to promote the development of cameroon, he was famous and respected but it is crucial question both about him-self, and his action, because for several men in this coutry. Alexandre douala manga bell had been an instrumental person for promoting the french domination in cameroonian people. His personality raised many questions, but no work never been done on this subject. In this view, this these is a unique oppportunity to "meet" and "hear" about this man who had much authority in his field. The thsis is based on the life and action of alexandre douala manga bell. The first part is a biography of this man. Born in cameroon, he was educated in germany like aristocratic young man. He was still student when his father dead. He returns to africa but he was not able to realize his social adaptation because he had the european mentality. Before coming back to africa, he maried. His woman named andrea refused to go with him home in cameroon. Douala wrote to her many letters. Thesis relates relations between this man and this woman. My thesis is not to make presentation of "family secrets" but to illustrate ideas an mentality of alexandre douala manga bell
Labrune-Badiane, Céline. "Processus de scolarisation en Casamance : rythme et logique (1860-1960)." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070052.
Full textThe analysis of the process of schooling in Casamance reveals the dynamic policies and social which bring gradually families to insert the institution in their social practices within the specific framework of the colonial context. The colonial state selected an elite by in particular attracting wire of chefs and notable in the schools. However, the social composition of the school public was rfom the beginning, at least for the boys, heterogeneous. During the colonial period, the school population growed and diversify though the regional disparites and sexual endured. The scale of the region makes it possible to apprehend and account for the diversity of the local, family or individual reactions to school. In Casamance, from the East to the West, the logics of schooling vary from a canton or a village a the other. To understand their complexity, we took into account dimensions political, economic and social local and total
Agoumara, Toussaint-Eugène. "Guerres et politique coloniale : le cas de l'Oubangui-Chari (1870-1956)." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20097.
Full textNow known as the Central African Republic, Ubangi-Chari was an integral part of the French colonial empire and entered the colonial wars from the very beginning of colonization. Like the other colonies, it entered word history by supporting France in war. Like the rest of the empire, this colony took part in an event which reached beyond its national borders and which linked it to the history of France. It participated in the war effort in two different ways, both militarily and economically by providing men and raw materials. The Ubangi-Chari infantry first carried out the different peace keeping; measures under the orders of the colonial forces, this participating in the conquest of their own colony. Secondly, during the First World War and operating mainly on the African continent, they helped to free Cameroun then under German supervision. During the Second World War, they were to be found in the middle-east (Syria, Lebanon) and in Libya (Bir-Hakeim). These battles took them to France where they actively participated in the liberation of enclaves taken over by the Germans on the Atlantic coast: the cities of Royan, La Rochelle and the Pointe de Grave. Finally, these units which were integrated in the French task forces in the Far East were involved in the Indochinese war: Lang-Son, Cao Bang, Nam Dinah and Dine Bien Phi. After this war, Ubangi-Chari troops were reorganized yet again by being involved in these tree conflicts, Ubangi-Chari soldiers acquired a strong military tradition, and because of this baptism of fire they were to form the base of the central African army after independence
Boyogueno, Émile. "L'élite du Cameroun sous tutelle de la France : prosopographie du personnel politique local (1946-1960." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010681.
Full textYayat, d'Alepe Hubert. "Instauration de l'économie de plantation en Côte d'Ivoire (1893-1923)." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070089.
Full textNken, Simon. "La gestion de l'UPC : de la solidarité idéologique à la division stratégique des cadres du mouvement nationaliste camerounais 1948-1962 : essai d'analyse historique." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010625.
Full textNkadji, Njeukam Lionel. "La peine de mort au Nigeria : sociohistoire d'une politique publique sécuritaire, 1804-2011." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0053.
Full textThis work entends to respond to an essential question concerning political power in Nigeria which is: who, in that country, is allowed to live and who should die, why and how? This essential question which could be rasied in every modem state reify the right of life and death over citizens possessed by public authorities for the sake of the social group conservation. The main thesis states that the way death penalty has been used in Nigeria challenges the weberian-hobbesian conception of political power. In order to present this contest, our analysis questions different factors (political, sociological and historical) that help to understand how death penalty has become a real public policy to fight what is considered as heinous crimes in Nigeria, with an extensive and intensive use of it
Coulibaly, Tiémoko. "Élites "évoluées" et populations "indigènes" en Côte-d'Ivoire pendant la colonisation (1946-1960) : les valeurs paradoxales d'une mobilisation politique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010590.
Full textThis thesis is about the paradox of the so called "advanced" colonized African elites that celebrate french colonisation and that mobilize through the creation of political parties and the defense of colonial ideology they were taught in colonial schools for the purpose of domesticating endigenous populations who impatiently put up with colonial oppression and are at the same time tempted by rebellion. Hence forth the political mobilisation of colonized masses by the "advanced" elites becomes a challenge due to the paradoxical nature of the political at stake. These values that function in this case as the powerful ideological and political determinism are analysed from the standpoint of the political vocabulary of the era. At first, the training of this "advanced" elite in french colonial schools, its aspirations to the political and cultural assimilation by the colonizer who is seen as a model, its denial of any political independence for the colony are exposed. In Côte d'Ivoire, the personality of Houphouët-Boigny, the charismatic leader is predominant. Then the analysis deals with the "indigenes" subdued with the attempt to encompass the political aspirations and their hidden or expressed claims. Third, the impossibility of interactions meant to mobilize "advanced" elites and "indigenes" has been underlined because of the incompatibility of their political aspirations and the profound contempt of the colonized elite toward "indigenes". But ultimately the "advanced" elite of cote d'ivoire will be compelled to assume the political independence imposed by a french colonial power confronted with numerous rebellions colonized masses in Asia and North Africa and which can no longer achieve its old imperial dream. Throughout this thesis the official history that portrays Houphouët-Boigny and his party as hereon anti-colonialists is questionable considering the archives
Lefrançois, Catherine, and Catherine Lefrançois. "La chanson country-western, 1942-1957." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22992.
Full textCette thèse explore les liens entre le country-western produit au Québec entre 1942 et 1957 et la modernité populaire. À l’aide de l’analyse musicale et de l’histoire, ce travail de recherche tente de cerner la signification culturelle du genre au moment de son émergence. L’histoire du country-western débute au Québec avec le soldat Roland Lebrun, qui amorce en 1942 sa carrière sur disque. Il sera suivi de Paul Brunelle, de Marcel Martel et de Willie Lamothe, qui enregistrent chez l’une ou l’autre des deux compagnies généralistes établies à Montréal pendant les années 1940, Compo et RCA Victor. À mesure que le genre se structure, notamment grâce à la fondation de compagnies de disques spécialisées à partir de 1958, un discours sur l’authenticité du country-western se développe chez les artistes et leurs observateurs. Fondée sur une valorisation a posteriori des conditions qui caractérisent la période d’émergence du genre, qui s’étend de 1942 à 1957, l’authenticité insiste sur la continuité et la tradition. Ce discours, présent dès le milieu des années 1960, masque les aspects les plus modernes d’un genre qui, au moment où il émerge, n’est pas explicitement porteur de valeurs traditionnelles ou conservatrices. La voix country-western constitue un premier indice de modernité. La chanson country-western québécoise des années 1940 et 1950 structure dans un cadre musical des modificateurs paralinguistiques dont les deux plus caractéristiques, d’un point de vue générique, sont la nasalisation et le second mode de phonation. Véhicules de l’expressivité vocale, ces deux modificateurs du timbre sont coordonnés avec les paroles des chansons et avec la variation de paramètres musicaux, technologiques et phonétiques. Ils contribuent à la construction d’èthos spécifiques comme la tristesse, la solitude, la plainte et l’exubérance, et conservent dans le contexte discursif constitué par les enregistrements la signification expressive qu’on leur attribue dans la parole spontanée. C’est donc la voix parlée, quotidienne et ordinaire, qui fournit à l’auditeur le code culturel lui permettant d’en interpréter la signification. En ce sens, la chanson country-western incarne une certaine modernité populaire, redevable au code de la langue vulgaire partagée par le plus grand nombre. La modernité du country-western est aussi apparente dans sa popularité, qui se réalise à la fois dans son succès comme objet de consommation et dans sa proximité avec le public qui en détermine en partie le développement. Son recours particulier à la technologie, qui contribue à la création d’effets de spatialisation mais surtout à la mise en scène de l’intimité, le rattache aussi à la modernité. Enfin, le country-western témoigne d’une américanité certaine, assumée, et s’inscrit dans le déplacement du centre de gravité culturel, de l’Europe vers les États-Unis, qui marque la modernité. L’américanité du country-western, liée à ses origines mêmes, se renouvelle à la fin des années 1950 alors que le genre intègre le rock and roll.
This dissertation examines the relations between country-western music produced in Quebec between 1942 and 1957 and the concept of popular modernity. Drawing together musical and historical analysis, it explores the cultural significance of country-western at the beginning of the genre. The history of country-western music in Quebec began in 1942 when Roland Lebrun recorded his first songs. Paul Brunelle, Marcel Martel and Willie Lamothe soon followed with their own recordings in this style. These amateur singer-songwriters started out with the Compo Company and RCA Victor, the only two record companies who survived in Montreal during the Great Depression. With Rusticana, the first independent label to produce country-western music in 1958, the genre began its structuration and authenticity became a determinant value in country-western music. Continuity is a key concept to understand what Richard Peterson (1997) has called “fabricated authenticity”, which is indeed exemplified in the invented tradition that country-western created, from the 1960s onwards, on the basis of some of the conditions that characterized the first country-western. The discourse on authenticity, however, masks some of the more modern characteristics of the genre at the time of its birth. The country-western singing voice is one example, as artists use a variety of paralinguistic effects like nasalization and second mode of phonation (falsetto) in a way that can be seen as a stylized version of speech. Presenting the same expressive functions, these variations of timbre are coordinated with song lyrics, with musical and technological features, and with phonetic sounds to create symbolic representations of different emotions or èthos. These aesthetics based on everyday speech could be seen as a form of popular modernity: music for the people made by the people, but also for commercial success. Furthermore, country-western music used technology to create intimacy and spatialization effects. Its “américanité” was also marked and renewed when, in 1956 and 1957, country-western singers produced what can be considered some of the first rock'n'roll records in Quebec. These very modern features moderate the usual thesis about country-western’s traditionalism and conservatism.
This dissertation examines the relations between country-western music produced in Quebec between 1942 and 1957 and the concept of popular modernity. Drawing together musical and historical analysis, it explores the cultural significance of country-western at the beginning of the genre. The history of country-western music in Quebec began in 1942 when Roland Lebrun recorded his first songs. Paul Brunelle, Marcel Martel and Willie Lamothe soon followed with their own recordings in this style. These amateur singer-songwriters started out with the Compo Company and RCA Victor, the only two record companies who survived in Montreal during the Great Depression. With Rusticana, the first independent label to produce country-western music in 1958, the genre began its structuration and authenticity became a determinant value in country-western music. Continuity is a key concept to understand what Richard Peterson (1997) has called “fabricated authenticity”, which is indeed exemplified in the invented tradition that country-western created, from the 1960s onwards, on the basis of some of the conditions that characterized the first country-western. The discourse on authenticity, however, masks some of the more modern characteristics of the genre at the time of its birth. The country-western singing voice is one example, as artists use a variety of paralinguistic effects like nasalization and second mode of phonation (falsetto) in a way that can be seen as a stylized version of speech. Presenting the same expressive functions, these variations of timbre are coordinated with song lyrics, with musical and technological features, and with phonetic sounds to create symbolic representations of different emotions or èthos. These aesthetics based on everyday speech could be seen as a form of popular modernity: music for the people made by the people, but also for commercial success. Furthermore, country-western music used technology to create intimacy and spatialization effects. Its “américanité” was also marked and renewed when, in 1956 and 1957, country-western singers produced what can be considered some of the first rock'n'roll records in Quebec. These very modern features moderate the usual thesis about country-western’s traditionalism and conservatism.
Engambé, André. "Les méthodes coloniales et leurs impacts en Afrique Équatoriale française jusqu’en 1958 : cas du Moyen-Congo." Paris 10, 2011. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343072487.
Full textAfter the slave draft (wilking) which skimmed during centuries Africa, its inside remained still totally unknown. If up to there only coast was visited, the continent kept numerous mysteries. In the second half of the XIXe century, explorers unfurl, moved by the desire of discovery. French side, Pierre Savorgnan De Brazza (two journeys) arrives to the Gabon, creates Franceville, before withle (going down) Alima and sign with Mbé, in 1880, an agreement of transfer with king Makoko. However, as a result of the rivalries which still set the western powers on the ground, the German chancellor Bismarck summons (convenes) an international conference in Berlin in 1884-1885. Of this one, ensues the "balkanization" of the continent so giving birth to the complexes of territories. In 1910, French Equatorial Africa (A. E. F. ) and the Middle-Congo are created. The concessionary companies, which are there since 1899, plunder systematically natural resources. The tax collection says “about capitation”, the hard labour, the portage, the diverse services (performances) are so many methods to which are subjected the “natives”. Everywhere, abuses and exactions came up to the strangers of the populations. The justice, become bicephale, condemns the Natives (autochtons) for a right very different from theirs. The Native population was born. To the political plan (shot), not only parties are born, but they are it just like those of the metropolis. The contrary leaders, as Matsoua, are judged and led (driven) in prison. Simon Kimbangou, then liking of the "black divine word", pay of his life in 1921. The French politics (policy) is then to the antipodes of the motivations of the asserted colonial ideology. Where from, a wild resistance. In fine, the impacts which ensue from it can be only fatal: sufferings, death, impoverishment, poverty, depopulation. . . Even if later, on November 28st, 1958, thanks to De Gaulle, the Middle-Congo becomes
Bilusa, Baila Boingaoli. "Histoire de la population de l'Uele (Haut-Zaïre), 1860-1960: étude d'une région zaïroise à faible peuplement." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212886.
Full textWeissmann, Dirk. "Poésie, judai͏̈sme, philosophie : une histoire de la réception de Paul Celan en France, des débuts jusqu'à 1991." Paris 3, 2003. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01634451.
Full textFor several decades the poetry of Paul Celan (1920-1970) has been one of the most read and discussed poetic works in the Western world. The difficulty of his poems and the complexity of his identity as a writer (he was a German language poet of Hapsburgian culture, born as an Rumanian Jew, but French citizen) gave rise to a multitude of debates and controversies. This study intends to analyze the different types of reading, interpretation and translation produced by his poetry. The French case turns out to be particulary interesting, for the literary work of Paul Celan has created an extremely rich and diverse reception in France, which was also the poet's country of adoption since 1948. The French interest in his work focuses on three aspects : poetry, Judaism, philosophy. Each of them is representative of one of the three phases of his reception. Based on unpublished resources (archives, interviews) and on a complete critical bibliography, this study aims to situate the fortune of this German-language poetry in the context of French literary, cultural and intellectual history since the end of World War II
Heyde, Veronika. "De l’esprit de la résistance jusqu’à l’idée de l’Europe : projets européens et américains pour l’Europe de l’après-guerre : 1940-1950." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040055.
Full textDuring World War II some of the European Resistance movements are thinking about the future of Europe after the end of the hostilities. Tired of fratricidal wars, they hope that some day the peoples of Europe will be able to unite and live together in solidarity and peace. In 1943-44 some leaders of the European Resistance meet in Switzerland, discover the similarities of their programs and decide to work together in order to draft a manifesto for the unification of Europe after the victory over Germany and the end of the war. They also try to obtain the support of the representative of the American secret service in Switzerland, Allen Dulles, but the attempt fails. The American government wishes to win the war first and not to lose time by analysing the idealistic programs of the European resistance. Nevertheless, the American administration is examining several solutions for the reconstruction of Europe and does not exclude the idea of a united Europe. Only the method is different and the very first concern is to create a world that corresponds to the American interests. Even if some officials and study groups recommend the creation of a European federation, the State Department doesn’t favour this solution. It prefers the idea of Europe divided up into several regional blocs and controlled by the future world organization. The American support for the unification of the European continent starts rather slowly after the end of the war when it becomes obvious that Europe can be useful as a commercial partner for the United States and bloc against the expansion of communism
Perret, Daniel. "Ethnicité et histoire : déterminations et stratégies identitaires à Sumatra nord-est jusqu'à 1942." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0062.
Full textToulouze, Eva. "Culture écrite et identité nationale chez les Oudmourts (depuis les origines jusqu'à 1940)." Paris, INALCO, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAL0023.
Full textAribit, Frédéric. "André Breton, Georges Bataille : à l'impossible tenus... : essai d'une confrontation interprétative des romans familiaux jusqu'à la seconde guerre mondiale." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1005.
Full textThe aim that has been given to this work is to start one more time the comparison between André Breton and Georges Bataille, starting from the premise of an original way of communication whose direct dialogue is but one of the forms, and trying to clarify its issues in the successively concerned fields of knowledge. Its –diachronic- reasoning starts from the family novels and ends at the beginning of World War II, after a community fervour on each side collapsed, opening a completely different period of the same exchange. It thus goes through a wide period of the history of that comparison, which, among others, deals with the conditions in which they met, how they met with psychoanalysis, the way their philosophical positioning or their ideological inscription on the fringe of the revolutionary left developed. This general approach helps think again about, among others, two especially crucial moments of the discussion, i. E. The violent climax of their 1929-1930 disagreement, and their 1935 attempt to get closer again, on the basis of a political reactivation of the myth. More generally, it invites to ask the question of the relationship to language and poetry, and questions about the incentive to write, suggesting at the same time a crossed foray into the major narrative works of the time. Such a work, as it seems, goes beyond the “literary thing” in the strict sense of the term, or rather takes its place at the meeting point of a set of topics related to the social sciences (philosophy, politics, psychoanalysis, art…), precisely where the global thought about man that each of them will have decided to lead is fixed
Kawas, Mohamad. "La politique allemande de la France : du Traité franco-allemand de 1963 jusqu'à nos jours." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081313.
Full textThe most important western european development in the past decades has been the product of the close relationship between france and germany. The two countries have drawn closer in many areas, most strikingly in economic, foreign, and security policy, and together they were instrumental in relaunching the european community. German unification caused a crisis in the relationship from which the two countries-and the ec-have yet to recover. However, it is clear that franco-german policy remains the key element both within the community and in relations with the united states. This these evaluate this pivotal alliance, providing many insights of great value to all those concerned with the future of europe. The first part of the these retraces the franco-german relationship from 1944 to 1963 partly to provide an introduction for the general reader and partly to introduce themes that recur later. The second part analyses the conficting franco-german security partnership and their relation with the eastern countries (ostpolitik). The last part of this research is concentrated on the german unification, the franco-german economic relations, and the construction of the european union after the maastricht treaty
Tsuchiyama, Yoko. ""The Family of Man" : la réception de l'exposition de 1955 jusqu'à aujourd'hui." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH104.
Full textThe Family of Man exhibition of Edward Steichen was organized at MoMA in 1955. This thesis addresses the reception of The Family of Man from its creation in 1955 until today, thanks to the reinstallation of the exhibition in the Clervaux Castle in 1994. In the 1950s and 1960s, the exposition was shown in 38 countries. How was The Family of Man exhibition received in certain countries where the itinerant exhibition was shown from 1955 to 1964? How was it reinstalled in the 1990s in Luxembourg in a new context? Why was discourse on the exhibition produced between the two periods when it was no longer there as an object? In fact, there had been reactions to The Family of Man at the time of the itinerant exhibition. Today, the exhibition is visible thanks to the material objects reproduced in the 1950s and the archived documents in addition to the consultation of the catalogue. This allows the spectators to have an actual experience of the exhibition by themselves from their point of view
Ter, Minassian Taline. "La politique soviétique au Moyen-Orient et les minorités du début des années 20 jusqu'à la veille de la Guerre froide." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0017.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is based on Soviet and European archival material. It deals with Soviet policy in the Middle-East viewed in the light of minorities. We have studied how the Soviet Union has integrated its own policy of nationalities within the foreign policy, especially in neighbouring countries where are living a lot of "sister-minorities". For instance, in Northern Iran, the Armenians and Azeris are in connection with the Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia. In the other Middle-Eastern countries (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt), the study of the relationship between communist parties and the Komintern reveals a "minority network" (Jews, Armenians). In spite of the "arabisation" ordered by the Komintern during the thirties the communist movement unability to reach Arab people remains symptomatic. The Second World War clearly modifies the soviet attitude towards minorities, specially in Iran where the Soviet army has its own sphere of influence in the Northern part of the country. Thus, minorities (Azeris, Armenians, Kurds) are considered as a tool in the territorial expansion process during which autonomous republics were declared in Iranian Azerbaidjan and Kurdistan. In the Meditarranean countries of the near-east, the Soviet foreing policy moves, during the same period, towards a more traditional form which tries to re-establish Russia as the protector of christian minorities
Al, Joundi Hazar. "L'influence de la pensée nationaliste sur la vie politique en Syrie depuis l'indépendance, en 1946, jusqu'à 1963." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10033.
Full textKusni, Sulang. "Contestation rurale en Indonésie : partis politiques & religions depuis 1950 jusqu'à nos jours : le cas de Java." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0037.
Full textThe central question discussed by this text can be formulated as follow: why rural contestations explose in indonesia ? what are their real reasous ? through our case, we come to a hypothesis that economic exploitation and repression are the most important root of these contestations. As economic exploitation and repression themselves are the results of certain politic or polition, then these politics can be said as a concentrated expression of economic and other interests. So that politic implemented by groups in power, can be defined as a choice. That is why to understand contestations, it is indispensable to study political and socio-cultural around them. Our case shows us too that it is often that repressive politic itself becomes the bearer of contestations. And repression can never preventcontestations to explose as well as the current of river lools for its own way flows to the sea. On the other band, contestations push forward our society to develop. The next question follows our hypothesis then: is there another human'alternative policy for development can be offered to our society?
Ramondy, Karine. "1958-1961 : l'assassinat des leaders africains, un "moment" de construction nationale et de régulation des relations internationales (étude comparée en Afrique centrale)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H006.
Full textThrough a close examination of the trajectory of four African leaders, Barthélémy Boganda (Republic of Central Africa), Patrice Lumumba (Republic of Congo), Félix Moumié et Ruben Um Nyobé (Cameroun), during the independence era, and by means of the historical anthropology, the comparative method and focusing on Central Africa, this study tries to explore to what extent political assassination could constitute a way of regulating international relationships and lay the foundations of the national construction of their country of origins. Along their political career path, their UN-related and Pan–Africanism disillusionment that tightens around them the lethal noose of a Realpolitik caught between bipolarization and neo-colonialism will be referred to. The other hypothesis developed here is as followed : it could be possible through comparative history to bring out invariance within political assassination under the forms of recurrent processes such as the judiciary weapon, the media weapon, the lack of a decent burial place and the damnatio memoriae they’ve been sentenced to which all contrastingly led to a symbolic and iconic reversal. The study relies on numerous sources that complete each other in order to reconstitute the chain of events and allow new interpretations: private exclusive archives, public archives, some of which having been declassified for this purpose, audio-visual and printed sources, exclusive oral narratives collected by the author
Gomez-Perez, Muriel. "Le mouvement reformiste musulman (senegal-mali) a partir des annees 1930 jusqu'a nos jours." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070136.
Full textThe islamic associations in senegal claim to hold a position more and more central in the islamic life, their dynamism improves and they increase. The subject of this study is to rebuild a history of the islamic affirmation in a specific socio-political context in which power and brotherhoods always had privileged relationships. The process integrates the examination of the archives and the newspapers published by the associations. It gives a main importance to conducted or semiconducted conversations and to the participating observation. The specific processes of officials and ordinary members of the associations are making out as well as the ambivalence, the ambiguity, even the inconsistency of their discourses through the permanence of measures of their own. The plan links together in three parts. "a the beginning of the islamic associations : from assimilation to emancipation (1930-1954)" demonstrates the emergence of islamic associations, waiting for an official existence and the strengthening of the islamic culture while a political maturity in town is carrying out. The associative dynamism begins during the second world war, in spite of the institution of the vichy government, besides the rising of new generations islamic militants. "the islamic associations in the storm of time : from federation to the beginning of opposition (1955-1979)" apprehends the different stages of the islamic opposition, qualifying the statement of the associations being kept off during the 60s. This part stresses also on the emergence of a new climate, since 1968-1969, according to dynamism proper to urban society. "the recent evolution islamic associations : between opposition and conformity (1980-1993)" analyses the reconstitution of the associative life through an eventful political climate. The ideological heterogeneousness appears as an answer to the sociological diversity in an urban society in search of identity
Raffet, Michel. "L'Oeuvre de Franz Werfel jusqu'en 1930 un itinéraire moral et politique." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375951205.
Full textReffet, Michel. "L'œuvre de Franz Werfel jusqu'en 1930 : un itinéraire moral et politique." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040143.
Full textAdida, Sandrine. "De l'art medical au droit medical au xixeme siecle jusqu'en 1940." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA122015.
Full textFalierou, Anastasia. "Le vêtement et les modes vestimentaires à Istanbul des Tanzimat jusqu'à la Turquie républicaine (1826-1925)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0103.
Full textThe thesis studies the processes of modernization in the way of life and their impact on the clothing question and styles of dressing across five different historical periods : the reign of Mahmud II (1808-1839), the Tanzimat era (1839-1876), the Hamidian era (1876-1909), the Young Turk period (1908-1918) and finally the first years of the Turkish Republic (1923-1925), up to the promulgation of the hat law. The developments in men's and women's clothing followed different chronological processes : for men, the changes began with the reforms of Mahmud II ; for the women of the harem changes did not appear before the 1860s, and for those of the middle class, even later. Despite the gap in chronology, men's and women's clothing styles are mirrors on the surface of wich gender identities are constructed. Clothing molds the body and transforms nature into cultural identity. It is my hypothesis that the evolution of Ottoman clothing styles was a result of changes in the notions of masculinity and feminity an the emergence of a new aesthetic ideal
Ikpo, Ley G. "Côte d'Ivoire ˸ enjeux démocratiques : les acteurs politiques et leurs actions au sein de la société ivoirienne de 1940 à 2010." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB244/document.
Full textDemocracy has always been an activity practiced by many. Various popular revolutions had been enforced in order to achieve the most suitable form of democracy through time and space. Hence, the 1936 reforms enforced by the French Popular Front in France were also dispatched in the former colonies. Ivorians created then some political parties that were headed by the PDCI until March 30, 1990. In 1999, the first bloodless state coup was registered and Bédié was overthrown by Gen. Robert Guei. In October 2000, Guei was also removed from power through a mass popular uprising. Meanwhile, in September 2002, the country was divided into a northern Muslim bastion and a southern Christian headquarters, when Gbagbo was on official visit to Italy. The Linas-Marcoussis, Pretoria and Ouagadougou agreements, led to new elections out of which the Constitutional Council proclaimed Gbagbo President while the Independent Electoral Commission legitimated Ouattara. The country fell once more into collapse. Gbagbo was then arrested on April 11, 2011 and sent to the Haye on November 29, where Blé Goudé joined him on March 23, 2014, and their trial is still on nowadays. Since the old days up till now, democracy seems to be a utopia among Ivoirians
Lopes, Leão. "Baltasar Lopes (1907-1989) : un homme archipel sur le front de toutes les batailles : itinéraire biographique jusqu'à l'année 1940." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20069.
Full textThe human and intellectual personality of Baltasar Lopes da Siva Silva (23/04/1907- 28/05/1989, S. Nicolau-Lisbon) explains this work : a biography till 1940. His fate has served Cape Verde in an impressive way. He studied in Cape Verde and Lisbon : master of law and literatur. In Cape Verde, he dealt with lots of activities : teacher, lawyer, sport organiser, researcher, and - the most famous - writer. He was one of the founder of the modernistic movement in 1936 and cofounder of Claridade. Man of the people, democrat, ideologist, antifascist, he fought against the Salazarist dictatorship (1933-1974). The first book of this work enlightens the unclear and not known parts of his life, his work as an essayist, as a journalist, his imposing and diversified novels. The second book gathers for the first time scattered texts of the youth of Baltasar Lopes, testimonies from old pupils and friends and also more recent and unknown from lots of people texts
HADI, HUSSAIN. "Le role des etats-unis dans l'evolution du conflit israelo-arabe de juin 1967 jusqu'a reagan." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN11011.
Full textThe united-states played an important role during the israeli-arab conflict where they wanted to find a global solution. But, israel had an unconpromising behaviour. During the conflict of 1967 june, they helped israel and wanted to put a stop to the war. Sothey wanted to apply the 242 resulution of the securuty council and the rogers plans. During the war of 1973 october and after to cease fire between the belligerents, the united-states led egypt and syria to conclude desengagment agreements with israel. Then we had the conclusion of camp david agreements and of a separated peace treatee between egypt and israel. But the arab countries and the palestinian rejected the peace. It's why israel invaded lebanoun : to destroy the plo and to have a separated peace with lebanoun. But this invasion was unsuccessful. So the president reagan proposed to apply the camp david agreements though the arab countries and the ussr prefered to take into account the palestinians' national rights. But israel refused and rejected the dialogue between the united-states and the plo whose aim was to have negociations between israel and this organisation or the palestinians
Maikoubou, Dingamtouji. "Histoire des missions protestantes au Tchad depuis 1920 jusqu'à nos jours : le cas de la mission protestante au pays Ngambaye." Montpellier 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON30035.
Full textSummary the people of ngambaye, among whom protestant missions have been working since 1927, formerly lived in constant fear of evil spirits. This perpetual fear troubled these peoples day and night, since they felt that behind every concerte phenomenon there were powerful enemies who were out to get them. To combat these forces, the ngambaye people resorted to numerous fetishes. But these only pushes them deeper in their suffering. Thanks to the arrival and establishment of christian missions among the people's anxiety gave way to peace. In spite of questionable methods wich missions used to pursue their evangelization, results were more than expected, especialy when it is realized that the people of ngambaye were very attached to their traditonal religions. The missionary expansion was such that today hundreds of churches exist throughout the country. In 1963 the churches formed a national association called the evangelical church of chad
Hentzgen, Jean. "Du trotskysme à la social-démocratie : le courant lambertiste en France jusqu'en 1963." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH08/document.
Full textThis thesis studies a specific group of the French extreme left most often called « lambertist » after the name of its principal leader, Pierre Lambert. This research examines its genesis in the wake of the Liberation to its development until 1963. This organization is built around several convictions like an affirmed anti-stalinism, the necessity of a rigorous functioning, the will to act for the working class and the priority given to the unionist action. During the studied period, it acquires other characteristics such as anticlericalism, a lack of interest in colonial revolutions or a skepticism towards modernity. Above all, when the leadership of the fourth International trotskyist claims that the international communist movement can play a progressive role, the lambertists take their independence from these leaders. From now on, they keep criticizing the pablists, Michel Pablo being the leader of the fourth. Otherwise, the lambertists associate with a movement of anarchists, revolutionary trade unionists and left-wing socialists. In this way, they get closer to the reformists first in the trade union field, then, in favor of the Algerian war, in the political sphere. At the end of the studied period, the group is about to become an ally of social democracy at the extreme left
Cluet, Marc. "La Libre Culture : le mouvement nudiste en Allemagne depuis les origines au seuil du XXe siècle jusqu'à l'arrivée de Hitler au pouvoir (1905-1933) : présupposés, développements et enjeux historiques." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040196.
Full textBousquet-Gyatso, Nathalie. "Entre devoir de préservation et désir d'innovation, la peinture tibétaine en quête de sa propre modernité (fin années 1980 jusqu'à 2005)." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040114.
Full textContemporary Tibet is an encounter between a heritage centuries old and modernity, via China and the West. And Tibetan painting reflects these various mutations and diversities, due also to the existence of a Diaspora since 1959. This is a panorama of the Tibetan paintings between the years 1980-2005, in exile and in the autonomous region of Tibet. The research started in Europe, Australia and Asia. We have tried to find out if one single attitude or aesthetic can sketch the visage of present day Tibet. Two different attitudes seem dominant: those for whom painting has the mission of anchoring a culture in decline, of keeping alive the traditions. And those for whom evolution in painting (as in anything else) is inevitable. For them the changes cannot be termed only distortions. They accept the upheavals as the natural process in the formations of any identity. These contemporary painters that diverge from the traditions do not renounce its roots. Evolution is not betrayal. And in spite of differences the two are united: in narrative images and in the emblematic figure of Bouddha
Gwet, Ghislaine Ariane. "L'école au Cameroun pendant les périodes coloniales allemande et française et leur retombée sur la situation actuelle." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0008.
Full textThis thesis deals with the school issue in Cameroon during the German and French colonial periods, as well as their impact on the current situation. This is a thorough analysis of the place and forms of education in Cameroon under the German and French colonial yokes. It takes into account the different political objectives and conceptions of man, specific to each of the two colonial powers. It specifically underlines feminine education in each part of this work. The comparative analysis of the German and French colonial educational systems highlights the differences and similarities between the both educational policies and their concrete applications. Our work is not restricted to this comparative approach but goes beyond this. It shows that the educational system in Cameroon is now essentially marked by the French colonial past, whereas the remains of German colonization academically are almost absent
Chujo, Chiharu. "Formes et enjeux politiques de la musique populaire dans le Japon des années 1970 jusqu'à aujourd'hui : arrangements stratégiques des artistes femmes engagées." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3053/document.
Full textThe figure of the Japanese pop singer reflects the reality of women’s status in Japan. Although Japan went through a crucial feminist movement, like France or the United States, which resulted in a slight improvement in women’s situation in society, the majority of women are still struggling with social norms that remain unrewarding and unfavorable to them. According to the Global Gender Gap Report the World Economic Forum published in 2017, Japan ranks 114th out of 144 countries in terms of gender equality. In this reality, one may notice that Japanese women, whatever their social milieu, are forced to comply with the notion of hyper-normed gender that is anchored in society. In the sphere of Japanese popular music, this social norm dominating female representation has repercussions for many female singers’ positions, either in naive immaturity relating to vulnerability or in a certain magnanimity based on motherhood, two notions not necessarily incongruent. Certain female idols are particularly representative of this phenomenon, whereas their counterparts in other musical styles internalize this social straitjacket. Since March 11, 2011, artists against nuclear increase in Japanese society have fueled reflection on the relationship between music and politics by those who question the postures of politically committed musicians. It should be pointed out, though, that female artists attract quite a bit less public attention than their male counterparts. Although women significantly participate in movements against nuclear programs since the Fukushima disaster, committed female singers and musicians often seem to be relegated to a lower rank than their male colleagues. This ignorance of female musicians’ commitment and the breaking-off between civil society and the popular musical scene can be explained by—as much as it is linked to—the condition of women in a stubbornly patriarchal society. If such a state of affairs does not, in the present time, raise radical opposition among artists, it nevertheless develops in them strategies and arrangements that ensure them a place and visibility in society.Our study examines the contemporary situation of female artists and their positions as committed musicians, by analyzing their artistic expression and considering the social and societal contexts in which they are implicated. The time frame ranges from the 1970s, when women's liberation movements emerged in Japan, to today—and more specifically to the post-Fukushima period, when women's participation in the country's social movements became more prominent. The core of our research focuses particularly on the characterization of committed female musicians and their postures in Japan from the 1990s to the present, revealing the possibility for Japanese women to have positioning plurality based on their social and economic backgrounds
Pagliardini, Lucia. "Les femmes dans le champ cinématographique ˸ le rôle des productrices de cinéma françaises depuis la Nouvelle Vague jusqu’à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030012.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the role of French film producers as central figures in the production process of each film. Notwithstanding their important contribution, film producers are largely forgotten in the history of the seventh art and little known to the general public, the studies having focused more on actresses, screenwriters and directors. It is precisely this lack that the present research proposes to fill by exploring the careers, the motivations, the difficulties encountered and the daily life of the French film producers, by highlighting what they brought, by showing how they made to evolve the profession of producer and in particular how much they influenced the economy of the cinema and shaped, by their work, our imagination. Our analysis is articulated in three stages, in order to understand the process that has favored the advent of women in French film production since the Nouvelle Vague until today. The project to enhance the role of producers not only reveals a part of the history of the seventh art, but also to ask the question of film production declined to the feminine at the heart of the reflection on the work. Our thesis aims to reveal, through the words, actions and management of producers, the history of the seventh art through a new perspective, to better understand the cultural reality and its contradictions. It is certain that there can be no question of the history of cinema without these women