Academic literature on the topic 'Juste salaire'
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Journal articles on the topic "Juste salaire"
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Frémeaux, Sandrine, and Christine Noël. "Qu'est-ce qu'une juste rémunération ? ce que nous enseigne la conception du juste salaire de Thomas d'Aquin." Management & Avenir 48, no. 8 (2011): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mav.048.0076.
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Eder, James F. "Environmental reconfi gurations and livelihood transformations in rural Southeast Asia." Regions and Cohesion 1, no. 3 (2011): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2011.010307.
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Degradation and reconfiguration of natural resources in coastal and upland Southeast Asia have set in motion a characteristic process of rural livelihood diversification with significant implications for gender roles and economic well-being. Drawing primarily on case material from the Philippines, this paper explores the transformations in household economies that have accompanied the search for more profitable and sustainable livelihoods and suggests how state and NGO interventions might encourage an entrepreneurial and economically desirable pattern of household-level diversification instead of a debilitating and wage-labor based pattern of individual-level diversification. These interventions include an expanded role for credit; skills training and related forms of support, particularly for women; protection of newly developing household enterprises from competition from large commercial operations; and more consensual and socially equitable forms of environmental governance.Spanish La degradación y la reconfiguración de los recursos naturales en zonas costeras y tierras altas del sudeste asiático han impulsado un proceso particular de diversificación de los medios de vida rurales, con significativas consecuencias para los roles de género y el bienestar económico. A partir de una investigación realizada por el autor en las Filipinas, este trabajo explora las transformaciones de la economía de los hogares que han acompañado la búsqueda de medios de vida más rentables y sostenibles. Además, sugiere que las intervenciones del gobierno y de las ONG pueden fomentar un proceso de diversificación de ingresos en la economía de los hogares (household economies), emprendedor y económicamente deseable, en lugar de un modelo de diversificación individual debilitante basado en la relación entre salario y empleo. Estas intervenciones incluyen un rol ampliado de las formas de crédito, capacitacion y otras formas de apoyo, específicos para mujeres, protección de las nacientes empresas familiares frente a la competencia de grandes granjas comerciales, y formas de gobernanza medioambiental más consensuales y socialmente responsables.French La dégradation et la reconfiguration des ressources naturelles sur les côtes et les hautes terres de l'Asie du Sud Est ont entamé un processus caractéristique de la diversification des moyens de subsistance en milieu rural, avec des implications considérables pour les rôles de genre et le bien-être économique. Se basant principalement sur des données venant des Philippines, cet article examine les transformations des revenus des ménages qui ont accompagné la recherche de moyens de subsistance plus durables et plus profitables. En outre, l'article suggère de quelle façon les interventions de l'État et des ONG peuvent encourager un modèle audacieux et économiquement souhaitable de diversification au niveau des ménages, au lieu d'un modèle de diversification au niveau de l'individu, débilitant et basé sur la relation salaire/travail. Ces interventions comprennent un rôle accru du crédit, des formations professionnelles et des formes de soutien apparentées (en particulier pour les femmes), la protection des entreprises des ménages tout juste en développement vis à vis de la compétition avec les grandes exploitations commerciales, ainsi que des formes de gouvernance environnementale plus consensuelles et socialement équitables.
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Manotas Cabarcas, José David, and Gerardo Figueredo Medina. "Retos salariales en la libre circulación de capitales foráneos: un salario globalizado." Justicia 22, no. 32 (2017): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17081/just.22.32.2911.
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La inversión directa de capitales extranjeros en países en vías de desarrollo, se rige por principios económicos que procuran el menor costo operativo. Desde ese punto de vista los salariosaltos traen como consecuencia una baja rentabilidad para el inversionista. Ello ha implicado en países como Bangladesh, que losmanufactureros textiles sean considerados mano de obra esclava, ya que la retribución por el trabajo es pírricoy las condiciones en las que se realiza el trabajo es deplorable. En ese sentido, el presente trabajo busca desde el salario, concretamente salario globalizado, propender hacia la construcción teórica que ofrezca argumentos válidos por una redistribución de la riqueza por vía del salario, que no ubique estrictamente los beneficios económicos en el capital extranjero establecido. Esto se hace desde una perspectiva ética y filosófica, consecuente del escenario que ha propendido facilidades y políticas beneficiosas a la inversión y el establecimiento de capitales extranjeros.
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Magne, Nathalie. "Inégalités justes et injustes : les salaires dans les SCOP." Revue Française de Socio-Économie 23, no. 2 (2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfse.023.0141.
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Larrú, José María. "Justicia social, salario justo y renta básica universal." Comillas Journal of International Relations, no. 21 (July 19, 2021): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14422/cir.i21.y2021.007.
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El trabajo rastrea el origen del término justicia social y lo relaciona con la justicia distributiva y la conmutativa. Se discute la validez de la categoría salario justo en relación con la justicia distributiva en el contexto de la ausencia de negociación individual entre trabajador y capitalista de la economía actual. Respecto a la justicia conmutativa se discute la validez de una renta básica universal sin aportación alguna a la sociedad en forma de trabajo. Los tres ámbitos de discusión se iluminan desde el pensamiento social cristiano. Se concluye que la justicia social es una categoría válida en la actualidad pero que debe estar ligada al bien común y la virtud de la responsabilidad. El salario justo debe tener en cuenta las necesidades del trabajador y de su familia, pero también el asimétrico poder de negociación que se produce en la fijación capitalista de salarios. En cuanto a la renta básica universal, el pensamiento social cristiano deja libertad para su posible implantación, aunque el trabajo es una actividad pesonalizante y por lo tanto un trabajo público garantizado también es una opción atractiva para garantizar un ingreso mínimo vital.
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Mendizábal Bermúdez, Gabriela, and Juan Manuel Ávila Silva. "Obligaciones de los Estados respecto de la protección de los derechos humanos: en el trabajo y la seguridad social." Justicia 25, no. 37 (2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17081/just.25.37.3911.
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El objetivo del presente artículo fue demostrar que los Estados deben adecuar su legislación interna con el contenido de los instrumentos internacionales que reconocen derechos humanos en el trabajo y la seguridad social. La metodología utilizada fue analítica-deductiva en donde se estudiaron en el ámbito Latinoamericano la aplicación de las declaraciones, cartas, protocolos, mismos que resultaron de observancia obligatoria y tienen un carácter vinculante para los Estados, de acuerdo con los criterios interpretativos de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, caso contrario puede ocasionar responsabilidades indirectas por violaciones a este tipo de derechos. Estos derechos parten de la dignidad del trabajador, ya que, al iniciar, una relación laboral sea de carácter estatal o privada, tienen derecho a un salario remunerado, a la libertad sindical, a no realizar trabajo forzoso, a no ser discriminado, a contar con el derecho a formación profesional, a una protección social adecuada, aunado a los mecanismos que garanticen estos derechos. Así tenemos que la protección de estos en las relaciones laborales entre particulares, es un tema que también ha sido tratado por la CIDH en la opinión consultiva 18/03, que se fundamenta en la doctrina jurídica denominada Drittwirkung, a partir de la cual la Corte ha establecido la obligación del Estado, que como legislador tiene la facultad de determinar, la legislación laboral aplicable a los particulares, por lo que puede ser responsable por su vulneración.
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Contreras Aguirre, Sebastián, Alejandro Miranda Montecinos, and Alfredo Sierra Herrero. "salario justo en los teólogos jesuitas de la segunda escolástica: Luis de Molina, Francisco Suárez y Juan de Lugo." Bajo Palabra, no. 26 (June 14, 2021): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/bp2021.26.013.
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En este texto se analizan las ideas sobre el salario justo expuestas por Francisco Suárez en sus Conselhos e pareceres. Los autores procuran mostrar que el Doctor Eximio revela una profunda preocupación por el aspecto humano-social del trabajo, acercándose en esta materia a algunos postulados del moderno derecho laboral. En este sentido, la posición de Suárez se diferencia de la sostenida por otros escolásticos de los siglos xvi-xvii, que se limitaron a discutir los problemas sobre la relación del trabajo y el salario justo dentro de un marco principalmente económico.
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Strachan, Glenda. "Not Just a Labour of Love: industrial action by nurses in Australia." Nursing Ethics 4, no. 4 (1997): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309700400405.
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Deciding to take industrial action or go on strike has been an issue of great concern for nurses. While it is typical for most groups of workers to undertake industrial action in the pursuit of better wages and working conditions or improved quality of services, historically, nurses have found this a difficult course to pursue. Frequently, nurses have been caught between acceptance of themselves as ordinary workers and a professional model, which has carried with it the implication that a profession does not engage in industrial action (although, in reality, professions, including medical practitioners, have undertaken industrial action). Nurses in Australia have gone on strike, although widespread industrial action was not undertaken until the 1980s, when lengthy industrial campaigns, including strikes, were used in an effort to achieve enhanced status for the profession, improved career paths and increased salaries. While debate remains about the efficacy of this course of action, large numbers of nurses have been involved in these campaigns. Significant changes in salaries and status were achieved in the 1980s.
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Green, Colin P., and John S. Heywood. "Don't Forget the Gravy! Are Bonuses Just Added on Top of Salaries?" Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 55, no. 3 (2016): 490–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irel.12147.
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Caracausi, Andrea. "The Just Wage in Early Modern Italy: A Reflection on Zacchia's De Salario seu Operariorum Mercede." International Review of Social History 56, S19 (2011): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859011000484.
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SummaryThis article aims to understand norms and values pertaining to the definition of just wages in early modern Italy. The starting point is the treatise by the jurist Lanfranco Zacchia, De Salario seu Operariorum Mercede, which appeared in the mid-seventeenth century and represented the first attempt to collate a set of rules on wages based on the traditions of Roman and canon law. After a brief presentation of the treatise, I shall analyse the meanings and concepts of wages, and then consider the elements that determined the just wage. To understand how prescriptions were seen by individuals, I shall also compare them with information about court cases and rulings compiled by Zacchia in another book, the Centuria decisionum ad materiam Tractatus de Salario, and with the rest of the existing literature. Evidence from my comparison will allow us to understand the interaction and reciprocal influences between juridical thought and daily work practice, and underline the fact that wages were based on a complex system of norms and values where individuals, their social positions, skills, and experience determined the recognition of the just wage with reference to the local context.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Juste salaire"
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Mak, Ariane. "En grève et en guerre. Les mineurs britanniques au prisme des enquêtes du Mass Observation (1939-1945)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH095.
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Dans le Royaume-Uni de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, malgré une économie de guerre conditionnée par la production en charbon, l’industrie houillère est le premier secteur en grève. Les 3 473 grèves minières qui éclatent entre 1940 et 1944 constituent près de la moitié des grèves britanniques. Accusés de saper l’effort national, les mineurs se heurtent aux impératifs du patriotisme et à la politique de coopération nationale des institutions syndicales. À rebours des approches hors sol des mobilisations qui ont longtemps dominé l’historiographie, nous proposons d’explorer ces grèves from below, saisies sur le vif et ancrées dans le quotidien des communautés minières. Nous nous intéressons à la manière dont le conflit entre patriotisme et justice sociale se manifeste, à la mine comme au pub. Nous proposons en outre une étude nouvelle du décret 1305 interdisant les grèves. Où observe-t-on le heurt entre les grévistes et le droit ? Comment les grévistes sont-ils jugés (ou non) ? Comment, en retour, les mineurs jugent-ils le droit, y résistent ou le contournent ? Les grèves sont donc aussi saisies comme lieu où s’éprouve l’univers normatif des acteurs, ébranlé par l’irruption de la guerre. Les principes du juste salaire, en particulier, sont à réinventer – dans les grandes vagues de grèves du printemps 1942 et de l’hiver 1944, dans la grève emblématique des mineurs de Betteshanger, comme dans les soulèvements plus méconnus des pit boys gallois. La thèse montre notamment que les bouleversements des hiérarchies de statut et de genre provoqués par le conflit jouent un rôle central dans les revendications salariales des grévistes. Elle le fait à travers une ethnographie historique qui conjugue : une revisite historienne des enquêtes de terrain entreprises par le Mass Observation durant la guerre ; une exploration de leurs conditions de production (collectif, dispositif et pratiques d’enquête) ; et un retour contemporain sur ces terrains à travers une enquête orale menée auprès de mineurs et de Bevin Boys. En cela la thèse se veut également une contribution à l’histoire du Mass Observation (1937-1949), ce singulier collectif de recherche extra-universitaire et autodidacte qui constitue un épisode négligé de l’histoire des sciences sociales britanniquesDuring the Second World War, coal was essential to Britain’s war effort. Yet, in 1940-1944, the coal industry accounted for almost half of all strikes. Surprisingly, industrial relations studies have given little attention to the way ‘ordinary miners’ thought about militancy in wartime. Using thickly-textured empirical studies, this thesis unveils how these strikes were experienced and legitimized by the miners. It aims to explore these strikes from below, grounded in the daily life of mining communities. It asks: how did the conflict between patriotism and social justice express itself, both in the mine and at the pub? A central focus of the thesis is on the way the war disrupted the normative worlds and moral economy of miners on strike.A first important avenue of research is centered on Order 1305 which outlawed strikes and criminalized strikers. This thesis starts by providing a detailed analysis of the ways Order 1305 was used and of the difficulties encountered by the ministries in prosecuting strikers. Using a little-known Mass Observation survey, it then provides a reassessment of the January 1942 strike at Betteshanger Colliery, Kent, which has come to symbolize the failure of Order 1305. It then turns to another untapped source: that of the protest letters sent to the Ministry of Labour and the Home Office in the aftermath of the Betteshanger miners’ trial. This thesis then examines how the cry for fair wages became a burning issue for miners in wartime. It highlights the important role played by changing status and gender hierarchies in these claims. In this section, the thesis first turns to the 1942 strikes and to the South Wales pit boys’ strikes. It then pays particular attention to the comparisons made by striking miners with the munitions workers’ high wages. A new perspective on this issue is provided by the survey undertaken by Mass Observation in Blaina and Nantyglo, two Welsh mining towns where miners and munitions workers were close neighbours. They reveal how, within the mining communities, these claims for “fair wages” were connected to issues of consumption, morality, gender, and respectability. Finally, the thesis argues for the need to include Bevin Boys into our understanding of the 1944 Porter Award Strikes. This thesis offers a “historical ethnography”, combining the following features:: first, an analysis of Mass Observation mining surveys; second, a study of the research design and methods of these wartime surveys; third, 43 oral history interviews conducted with miners and Bevin Boys in the very mining communities studied by Mass Observation. In that sense, this thesis also contributes to the history of Mass Observation (1937-1949), which still constitutes a neglected episode in the history of British social sciences
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Dutra, Fernanda Lorena. "Las redes de comercio justo en la provincia de Mendoza." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 2012. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/4783.
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La presente tesina propone investigar “Las Redes de Comercio Justo" que se han ido
conformando a partir de la crisis del 2001 en la provincia de Mendoza como alternativas de comercialización al Mercado Formal.
Los motivos que me llevaron a plantear este tema, fueron a partir del conocimiento de
experiencias anteriores en Microemprendimientos, en el marco de la Economía
Solidaria. En estas prácticas podía observar que una de las partes más débiles del
proceso era justamente cuando el productor debía comercializar sus productos,
adaptándose a las injusticias del mercado formal.
El Comercio Justo es una forma de comercio promovida por varias organizaciones
no gubernamentales, que promueven una relación comercial voluntaria y justa entre
productores y consumidores. Es una iniciativa para crear canales comerciales
innovadores, dentro de los cuales la relación entre las partes se orienta al logro del
desarrollo sustentable y sostenible de la oferta.
Se demuestra la relevancia del tema, por ser un incentivo para todos aquellos que
desean producir y no saben cómo ni donde comercializar sus productos, como
consumidores para elegir nuestro consumo priorizando los productos que respetan y
promueven salarios justos, rechazo a la explotación de mano de obra, fomentando la
igualdad entre hombres y mujeres y un desarrollo ambiental sustentable.Fil: Dutra, Fernanda Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.
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Najar, Dorra. "La rémunération dans les fonds d’investissement : évaluation et traitement fiscal." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090049.
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Les fonds d’investissement, plus connus sous le nom de private equity, constituent un acteur très important du marché financier. Leur performance dépasse souvent celle du marché. Ces fonds sont constitués suite à un accord entre les apporteurs de capitaux (les limited partners) et les gérants du fonds (les general partners). Cette thèse s’intéresse plus particulièrement à la rémunération accordée aux managers du fonds en contrepartie de leurs compétences de gestion. Cette rémunération est constituée d’une partie fixe (management fees) et une partie variable indexée sur la performance du fonds (carried interest). Tout d’abord, cette thèse examine les différents facteurs économiques, culturels, spécifiques aux gérants…qui affectent le choix des partenaires du fonds concernant les clauses de rémunération et de partage de profit. Ensuite, elle se penche sur le problème du traitement fiscal du carried interest. La différence d’imposition entre les États-Unis et certains pays européens s’explique par une difficulté de définition de cet instrument financier. Le rapprochement du carried interest à des options financières permet de mieux identifier le traitement fiscal le plus approprié. Pour finir, cette thèse propose une méthode d’estimation de la juste valeur de la rémunération des GPs en utilisant des simulations Monte Carlo. La prise en compte des clauses contractuelles et des caractères optionnels permet de réaliser une analyse de sensibilité de cette rémunérationPrivate equity funds are a very important actor of the financial market. Their performance often exceeds the market performance. To establish a private equity fund, there are some agreements between the capital providers (limited partners) and the fund managers (the general partners). This thesis particularly treats the fund managers’ compensation granted to them for their management skills. This compensation consists of a fixed part (management fees) and a variable part indexed on the performance fund (carried interest). First, this thesis examines the various economic, cultural, specific managers’ factors ... that affect the choice of fund partners concerning compensation and profit sharing terms. Then, it studies the tax treatment problem of carried interest. The difference of taxing treatment between the United States and some European countries is explained by a difficulty in defining this financial instrument. The approximation of the carried interest to a financial option allows a better identification of the most appropriate tax treatment. Finally, this thesis proposes an estimating method of the GPs compensation fair value using Monte Carlo simulations. Varying contract clauses and optional characteristics allows a sensitivity analysis of this remuneration
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Cabral, Mário Ildo Mendes. "As consequências do despedimento sem justa causa no Código Laboral de Cabo Verde." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7791.
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Os direitos decorrentes do despedimento declarado ilícito é uma das matérias mais sensíveis e delicadas do nosso ordenamento jurídico, apesar da aparente calmaria doutrinal. A solução legal tem sido alvo de muitas críticas, quer por parte das associações sindicais, de parte da doutrina e jurisprudência, que entendem que o modelo consagrado no CLCV fragilizou bastante a posição dos trabalhadores.
Trata-se de um modelo que tem como princípio orientador a proibição dos despedimentos sem justa causa e que é amplamente acolhido no nosso ordenamento jurídico. A justa causa aparece definida de forma indeterminada, sendo o seu preenchimento apreciado caso a caso. Assim, independentemente do motivo, um despedimento declarado ilícito no nosso ordenamento jurídico dá lugar, à reintegração do trabalhador no seu posto de trabalho, com a mesma categoria e antiguidade, tudo se passando como se não tivesse sido despedido.
Conjuntamente com a reintegração surgem os direitos aos salários intercalares, à indemnização substitutiva e ainda a indemnização por danos não patrimoniais (apesar de não ter consagração expressa no CL, tem tido acolhimento jurisprudencial).
Ainda associado a esses direitos aparece o direito de oposição patronal à reintegração do trabalhador. Trata-se de um direito que, no nosso ordenamento laboral, é conferido ao empregador que dispõe de um direito ilimitado do qual pode fazer uso sempre que entender e sem necessidade de qualquer justificação ou fundamentação. Trata-se de um direito potestativo do empregador que desde que pague a indemnização devida ao trabalhador pode sempre recusar a sua reintegração.The rights arising from the dismissal is declared illegal is one of the most sensitive and delicate matters of our legal system, despite the apparent calm doctrinal. The legal solution has been heavily criticized both by the unions, part of the doctrine and jurisprudence, who understand that the model set out in CLCV quite weakened the position of workers. It is a model that has as its guiding principle the prohibition of unfair dismissal, which is widely accepted in our legal system. The just cause appears set of indeterminate form, being your filling assessed in each individual case. Thus, regardless of the reason, a dismissal declared unlawful in our present legal system in place, the reintegration of the worker at their place of work, with the same category and seniority, everything is passing as if he had not been dismissed. Jointly with the reintegration appear around the rights to wages, the interim surrogate compensation and even compensation for non-material damage (despite not having consecration expressed in CL, has had jurisprudential host). Also associated with these rights appears the right of opposition to reintegration of the worker. It is a right that, in our planning, labor is conferred to the employer that offers an unlimited right of which can make whenever he understand and without any justification or validity. It is a right potestative from the employer who provided they pay the compensation due to the employee can always refuse to their reintegration.
Books on the topic "Juste salaire"
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P, Williams A. Just reward?: The truth about executive pay. Kogan Page, 1994.
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Williams, A. P. Just reward?: The truth about top executive pay. Kogan Page, 1994.
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Schervish, Philip H., and C. Michael Liberato. National project on just wages and benefits for lay and religious church employees: A final report. National Conference of Diocesan Directors of Religious Education, 1990.
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Lewis, Debra J. Just give us the money: A discussion of wage discrimination and pay equity. Women's Research Centre, 1988.
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Eleanor, Raynolds, ed. Beyond success: How volunteer service can help you begin making a life instead of just a living. MasterMedia, 1988.
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Almade, Frank D. Criteria for a just wage for church employees. 1990.
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The Liturgical Arts Committee survey report on guidelines for just compensation of liturgical musicians. Federation of Diocesan Liturgical Commissions, 1985.
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Surdam, David George. The Beginnings (1946–48). University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037139.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the origins of the BAA, which was fraught with disappointment and difficulties. The nascent BAA sought the two advantages of territorial rights and the reserve clause that other professional team sports league owners possessed, but the league faced competition from an incumbent league—the National Basketball League (NBL). The two basketball leagues contested just one or two cities and were largely able to avoid a ruinous bidding war for players, including graduating college talent. This low level of strife was unique to professional basketball and may have contributed to the eventual success of those teams that survived. The BAA owners also made crucial decisions regarding revenue sharing, team salary caps, and differentiating their product from the college game.
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Raynolds, John III, and Eleanor Raynolds. Beyond Success: How Volunteer Service Can Help You Begin Making a Life Instead of Just a Living. Mastermedia Publishing Company, 1988.
Book chapters on the topic "Juste salaire"
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"Quel est le juste niveau de salaire des alternants ?" In L'apprentissage et l'alternance en sept questions. OECD, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264307513-6-fr.
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Beyer, Gerald J. "Embodying Solidarity on Catholic Campuses: The Case of Worker Justice." In Just Universities. Fordham University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823289967.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on the situation of adjunct faculty, the largest group of contingent faculty. The chapter presents what the author perceives to be the unjust, dire circumstances of these faculty members. The author appeals to the ideals of solidarity, justice, the option for the poor, the common good, and the workers’ rights tradition of Catholic social teaching to evaluate the adjunct situation. The situation of adjunct faculty is presented vis-à-vis expenditures on athletics and salaries of the highest paid university employees to raise the question of mission-oriented priorities. After describing the situation on the ground, the author argues that complicity in the unjust treatment of adjuncts at Catholic universities glaringly violates CST. Moreover, perpetuating this situation by appealing to its purported inevitability, budgetary constraints, or the excuse that “everybody else is doing it” seriously undercuts the mission of Catholic institutions of higher learning. After critiquing the efforts to prevent adjunct faculty from forming unions, which exacerbates an already unjust situation and runs the risk of causing scandal, the author turns to some of the positive steps taken at Catholic colleges and universities to improve the situation of adjunct faculty.
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Agrawal, Ravi. "Missed Call: The Smartphone and Job Creation." In India Connected. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190858650.003.0007.
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In the summer of 2015, the government of Uttar Pradesh began putting out advertisements looking for “peons”—the local term for low-ranking office helpers. UP, as the state is known, is home to more than 200 million Indians, packed into an area about the size of Texas (which has one-seventh as many inhabitants). Fittingly, UP needed a small army of new peons: in all, 368 jobs were posted. A very strange thing happened next. Applications poured in. After a painstaking survey that took weeks, 2.3 million résumés were counted. There were 6,250 candidates for each available position. Some of the applicants had doctorates. While peon jobs are stable—even respectable—they are by no means glamorous. Peons are usually the first people one sees at Indian government offices, dressed in shabby, faded khaki uniforms; their work involves tracking down dusty files, fetching tea, and ushering in guests. Salaries range from just $150 to $250 a month. The question is why these low-skill, low-paying jobs were in such high demand. There are several possible explanations. First, $250 a month may sound like a pittance, but it is not insignificant: it amounts to nearly double the median national salary. Second, peons are influential gatekeepers in Indian bureaucracy. If you need to see a local officer, a small bribe can go a long way. But workplace corruption is hardly something young, idealistic Indians aspire to (let alone the ones with doctorates). Something deeper was going on. A third possibility is that India simply isn’t creating enough jobs. A 2016 report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) revealed that India’s working-age population expanded by 300 million between 1991 and 2013. But during those same twenty-two years, the UNDP says, the economy created just 140 million new jobs. Put another way, 160 million working-age Indians were without formal employment. Job creation is the number one headache for India’s policymakers. By some estimates, India needs to create a million new jobs every month simply to keep pace with the gush of new entrants to the workforce. There is little evidence that India has a plan to meet this demand.
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Rode, Alan K. "Regime Change." In Michael Curtiz. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813173917.003.0015.
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As the Depression deepened, all the studios laid off workers and closed theaters. The Warners reduced all their employees’ salaries. Zanuck was fed up and quit after a confrontation with Harry Warner. Hal Wallis was appointed head of production. Wallis’s life and deportment are outlined, as is the beginnings of his tumultuous relationship with Curtiz. The Mystery of the Wax Museum was an artistic tour de force, a horror film directed by Curtiz. He explained the camera technique that he used,as his ruthless work ethic alienated Fay Wray and others in the cast. He ceased paying child support toMathildeFoerster for his son Michael, so she traveled to the United States and sued him in court.He finally settled the case just before it went to trial.Excerpts from Michael’s diary underscore the director’s indifference to his namesake son.Curtiz sent for his daughter Kitty. She was a troubled and rebellious, and he proved to be an ineffectual parent. His career continued with The Kennel Murder Case, Female,and Goodbye Again. Curtiz believed that he needed much better material to emerge as a director of consequence.
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Firoz Wagla Wala, Samina. "The Psychological Aspects of Home-Makers and Women during Pandemic." In Anxiety, Uncertainty, and Resilience During the Pandemic Period - Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97687.
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Depression and anxiety are two faces of a coin and we unfortunately fail to understand the plight of a person suffering from any one of these mental conditions. However, nowadays people have started considering mental health as a serious and complex issue, but still, those suffering from it tend to shy away and hide in arrears their own dark curtains. Sometimes, a very normal looking person may also be a victim of mental breakdown and anxiety. He may be working out fine, laughing, smiling, talking and all, but somewhere deep inside and within, he may be crying his heart out. It just does not visibly appear so on the outside. Moreover, in the phase of COVID, this situation has aggravated a lot because of various reasons like loss of jobs, work from home, salary reductions and cost cuttings etc. The effect of these problems fell on the families overall, but the most suffered category was – THE HOMEMAKERS, or in other words, THE HOUSEWIVES. Housewives have usually higher resilience when it comes to handling problems and family issues as they have an inbuilt capacity and trait to handle and adjust themselves in any atmosphere and ambience after marriage, but this COVID period was equally tough to handle for them as well. Specifically, if we talk about housewives, the entire COVID period was difficult for them to handle because of multiple reasons which will be mentioned point by point.
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Elliott, Willliam, and Melinda Lewis. "The Battle to Define Life Chances and the Distributional Consequences of the Current Education and Economic Systems in America." In Making Education Work for the Poor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190621568.003.0006.
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Our stories serve to illustrate that divergent experiences are not primarily the result of different choices or preferences. Willie’s route to and through higher education was often perilous and frustrating because he lacked the resources with which to maneuver and bend institutions in order to meet his needs. In contrast, Melinda’s college aspirations were encouraged and rewarded by the same institutions because she had the resources to make them work for her. As stark as these different routes were, if the gap in our families’ wealth had ceased to matter once we got our degrees, some might still argue that higher education is “working” as a leveler. Sure, Willie had to try harder, wait longer, and forego many opportunities, but isn’t it where you end up that really matters? Our stories suggest that the answer to this question is a resounding “No.” Instead, our lives continue to be marked by the effects of wealth inequality and by the substantial differences in how the education system treats those who start with money and those working to get it. This is the thesis of this chapter: that wealth inequality is not just another manifestation of unfairness in US society but instead a primary force determining how people fare, including in the institutions that are supposed to catalyze equitable opportunities. Our lives reveal how assets chart one’s course not only at the beginning of a college career but also well into a college graduate’s future. In Willie’s case, even though it has been more than nine years since he graduated from his PhD program, student debt still compromises his ability to leverage his relatively high salary to secure sound financial footing. His lingering financial instability is rooted in the economic disadvantages of his family of origin, but, critically, it was not erased when he graduated.
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Health economics." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0029.
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Haycox (2009) describes economics as the science of scarcity. Economics analyses how choices about scarce goods and services are structured and prioritized by individuals in order to maximize welfare (Haycox 2009). Should economic theory have any relationship to health and health care? Clinicians will often state that they make their decisions based on their clinical judgement (what is best for the patient in front of them) and that they should not be influenced by concerns over money. Is this view entirely valid? Despite the improvements in health seen in the majority of countries, costs of health care have continued to rise above the general rate of inflation. For example, in the USA, health care costs account for 15% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), compared to 17% in the UK (Morris et al. 2007). This is due to a number of factors, such as the price of materials, personnel salaries and wages, and the ever-increasing use of more advanced technology. There is little evidence, however, that the increased spending has contributed to better health (Abel-Smith 1996). Indeed, the evidence from Chapters 2 and 4 suggests that health will not be improved just by spending more money on health care. There is a growing awareness that health care resources are finite, while the demand for health care is apparently infinite (Cohen 2008). Economic analysis provides a systematic framework for answering questions about the justification for using these finite and scarce health resources and helps identify solutions to some common problems in health care (Morris et al. 2007). Health economics is therefore the study of the application of economic theory to decision-making about health and health care (Mooney 2003 ; Morris et al. 2007). In this context, health care decision-makers must prioritize choices about interventions informed by an analysis of both the costs and the benefits (Haycox 2009). Getting value for money involves a desire to achieve a health goal at the least cost or a desire to maximize benefits to patients where there is a limited pot of resources (Haycox 2009).
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Levy, Daniel C. "Private Choice and Public Policy in Nonprofit Education." In Private Education. Oxford University Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195037104.003.0006.
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As several other volumes in this series on nonprofit organizations help us appreciate the importance of the private nonprofit sector in U.S. society, economics, and politics, we surely must recognize the weight of education within that sector. Quantitative profiles of the nonprofit sector are still sketchy, but the best figures show that education is one of the big four arenas of nonprofit activity, along with health, social services, and religious organizations, and perhaps (with health) even one of the big two. Data on salaried employees are illustrative. Private education’s total of more than one million puts it second behind health within a nonprofit sector that accounts for 8% (and growing) of these employees. And yet, even such figures give very conservative estimates of the significance of the nonprofit sector generally, and education in particular. For one thing, institutions such as private schools often rely heavily on voluntary work. More important, these institutions obviously serve many millions more than they employ. Turning to education alone, enrollment figures give an idea of the private nonprofit sector’s size. (By “schools” we will mean primary and secondary schools; see note 11.) As Erickson’s chapter reports, private schools hold at least 10% of total school enrollments, their more than five million students spread out over roughly 18% of the total system’s schools. And Geiger’s chapter reports that the private share is even more impressive at the higher-education level. There, the more than two million private students account for roughly 22% of total enrollments, distributed over roughly half the system’s institutions. Yet most observers of private education, including the two just cited, would argue that such numbers understate its significance. This significance derives from offering something different from the public sector, something often thought superior and influential, but something at least desired and supported by a substantial number of actors. In any case, behind such figures lies an intricate maze of private choices, made by students, their families, and others, as well as an intricate maze of public policies, at once responding to and shaping those private choices.
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Pallot, Judith, and Tat'yana Nefedova. "Meeting Ana Petrovna and Others." In Russia's Unknown Agriculture. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199227419.003.0008.
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We met Ana Petrovna, an elderly woman in a padded jacket and shawl, on a roadside verge with her goat. She was pleased to pass the time telling her story to the visitors to her village, one hundred miles to the west of Moscow city. Ana Petrovna has been retired from her job as a farm worker for many years and has lived alone since the death of her second husband. She receives a pension of 900 roubles a month (about £20 sterling at 2003 exchange rates) of which just under half goes on paying for utilities and other services. Were it not for the vegetable patch (ogorod) next to her house and her goat Masha, who supplies her with milk, soured cream, and cheese, it would be difficult for Ana Petrovna to live on this income. Her allotment is small—four ‘one-hundredths’ or sotki (where one sotka is 100 sq. m). It is given over mainly to potatoes, but there are also several rows of cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, and cabbages, two apple trees, raspberry canes, and redcurrant and blackcurrant bushes. On her 400 sq. m Ana Petrovna can produce enough food for the year. In early autumn much of her effort goes into salting and preserving the output of her plot to get her through the winter months, which she adds to the mushrooms and berries, gathered in the forests around her village, that she dried and bottled earlier in the summer. Ana Petrovna rarely eats meat; when she was younger she used to keep a cow and a calf for slaughtering each year, but this is beyond her now. She buys staples that she cannot produce herself in the small village shop: groats, bread, sugar, vegetable oil, and chocolate for an occasional treat. Ana Petrovna has a daughter living in Moscow who comes to the village during the potato-picking season to help with the harvest. She returns to Moscow laden with potatoes and vegetables even though, as she tells her mother, they are not expensive to buy in the city, even for a teacher on a low salary.
Conference papers on the topic "Juste salaire"
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Stefenhagena, Dita, Inga Vanaga, and Anda Grinfelde. "Working conditions of academic personnel of higher education institutions in Latvia." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.54.031.
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Academic society is exposed to continuous growing demands and requirements – innovative pedagogical work, international recognition in research, cooperation with industry - these are just part of requirements which have to be ensured by academic staff at each higher education institution (HEI) in Latvia. The question arises – do working conditions of academic staff, taking into consideration described demands, duties and requirements, correspond with decent work practice, such as competitive pay and working stability? The aim of the research paper is to investigate if the factors influencing work of academic staff are following decent work practice. In order to reach the aim of the research paper, the authors have used the results of the Latvian Trade Union of Education and Science Employees (LIZDA) survey conducted at public higher education institutions in Latvia. The time period of survey was April – September, 2019. The target group of the survey were representatives of academic staff. The major conclusions of the research are the following: (1.) salary of academic staff isn’t competitive with other public professions and positions in Latvia; (2.) working stability of academic staff is low because of insecure and precarious contracts; (3.) working conditions of academic personnel regarding competitive salary and work stability don’t correspond with the decent work practice.
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Japarova, Damira. "Diagnostics of Financing the System of Public Health in the Kyrgyzstan Republic and its Modernization." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c12.02378.
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Despite the multi-channel resources, the financial sources of state health programs do not cover the needs of their implementation in the Kyrgyz Republic. The residual principle of health financing keeps unchanged and the amount of financing does not match the real health needs. The variety of problems in financing, the ambiguity of their positive practical solutions and controversy of theoretical aspects makes the research topic particularly relevant. No funds are allocated for prevention, and this type of medical service remains formally, just on paper. The main drawback of compulsory health insurance is the lack of forms for the insured patient to participate in the economic system of insurance relations. In this connection, it is relevant to develop a mechanism for attracting additional sources of financing. To increase the interest of commercial structure to this structure, it is proposed to introduce personalized accounting of compulsory medical insurance.
Informal payments in medicine shouldn’t be considered as a “bribe”, since this type of payment for medical services acts as an addition to the market price in the absence of an adequate regulatory mechanism by the state, and it is impossible to cancel such a mechanism. The only way to formalize them is legalization. Revenues from paid services should be the source of the own fund of health organizations and used primarily to increase the salaries of medical workers.