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1
Diab, Robert. "Terrorism and the administration of justice in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32370.
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This thesis explores ways in which perspectives in Canada on the administration of justice
have shifted after September 11, 2001, in criminal and administrative law. The
introductory chapter sets out the general context of my thesis, including a discussion of
the development of due process and constitutional rights, and a brief comparison between
American, British and Canadian legislative responses to 9 /11. Chapter 2 concerns the
context, in which the Canadian Anti-terrorism Act (2001) was drafted, the government's
understanding of its purpose and function, and critical reception of the Act. In the face of
considerable skepticism, the government (and a minority of sympathetic figures) insisted
upon the consistency of the Act with the Canadian Charier of Rights and Freedoms, and argued
that it struck a balance between individual and communal interests in a new yet
appropriate fashion. Chapter 3 focuses on judicial responses to anti-terror legislation,
including provisions dealings with 'security certificate' detentions; the deportation of
terrorist suspects to face the risk of torture; and provisions of the Anti- terrorism Act. The
cases suggest a general tendency to justify or rationalize departures, from traditional
notions of due process, constitutionalism and 'fundamental justice' (in section 7 of the
Charter) as appropriate, balanced, and normal. Chapter 4 addresses the problem of
accountability of law enforcement and intelligence agencies in light of the post-9/11
amendments to the Canada Evidence Act that significantly expand the scope of state secrecy
and privilege in 'national security' matters.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
2
Brodie, Scott. "Changes in custody following the enactment of the Youth Criminal Justice Act /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2309.
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Sturdy, Helen Janet. "Judicial interpretations of the Canadian 1984 Young Offenders Act." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29643.
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This thesis attempts to explain changes in juvenile court reasoning from ‘personal’ to ‘social’ goals of justice. The introduction of social reasoning into juvenile justice has resulted in legal reform practices which circumscribe the domain of decentralized community youth services, increase the dependency and surveillance of deviant youth, result in harsher measures of punishment, and generally widen the network of social control through the law. The shift from the treatment intervention focus of the Juvenile Delinquents Act to the deterrence and punishment focus of the Young Offenders Act is maintained by incarcerations and a ‘downward’ sliding tariff of dispositions. The new social control administration formally enters the previously informal social control networks of family, community, and peer relations. Social change options through the law are increasingly centralized in the courts (where youth are concerned) at the expense of the law's potential for mediating decentralized collective change. The new form of social reasoning by which law reform occurs is explicated in order to critique its application for the current legislation and to explore possible use of collective change processes through law. I describe ‘social’ reasoning as a form of interpretive syllogism with the goal of social good satisfied through individual justice, in contrast to ‘personal’ reasoning which involves the individual's best interests as a good in itself. Social reasoning, as currently applied in the YOA, utilizes neoclassical
rationality and sociological theories that relate actions to a presumed balance of diverse and competing social interests.
My own understanding of the impact of Court interpretations of the YOA are based on in-depth interviews with 10 Youth Court judges in the Vancouver area. I analyze the legislative construction and judicial implementation of the YOA as reflecting a political strategy linked to and grounded in the knowledge relations of experts. Strategies for discipline are consonant with the rationalized practices of social science knowledge, located both in science (the medical model) and in law (sociological jurisprudence). The research findings suggest that ‘social’ reasoning, which is narrowly centered on legal problems arising from the behaviour of juveniles, pursues forms of crime control directly related to the needs of capital. The YOA is thus viewed as a new discourse (based on power and knowledge relationships) that aims to widen state-social control. Given the relatively narrow jurisprudential horizons of both the legislators who framed the YOA and the judges who apply it, the potential of law for effecting social change is curtailed. I conclude my analysis by suggesting a culturally reflexive approach in which legal reasoning, by a process of reconstructing the interpretive syllogism of law to include commonsense practical reasoning, could become more conducive to community change.Arts, Faculty of
Sociology, Department of
Graduate
4
Lees, Charlotte. "The age of criminal responsibility, which direction? : a comparative study of the United Kingdom and Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33054.
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The setting of an 'age of criminal responsibility' by States across the international spectrum is a formal recognition that children do not possess the same mental capacity to comprehend the extent of the criminality of their actions, and their implications, as adults. Any such legal threshold which abruptly deems a child 'criminally responsible' upon the dawning of a birthday is inherently arbitrary, yet a necessary legal fiction. The central conundrum addressed by this discussion is "which direction?"---at what age should policy-makers draw the line. Should legislators be advocating low ages of criminal responsibility, or should they be championing higher ages? An examination of the juvenile justice regimes of the UK and Canada provides an informative backdrop against which to base a sound conclusion: higher ages of criminal responsibility should be adopted in order to counteract and safeguard against the current climate of 'zero tolerance' and retributive 'just deserts' currently motivating youth justice policy.
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Nober, Ophélie. "L'encadrement du raisonnement du juge des faits au sein du procès pénal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27461.
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La recherche de la vérité est l'objectif du procès pénal dans les modèles accusatoire de common law et inquisitoire. Dans le cadre de notre démonstration, le Canada représente le système accusatoire et la France, un système mixte inspiré du système inquisitoire. Ces modèles mettent donc en place des règles pour éviter une erreur judiciaire. Ces règles exigent que la preuve de la culpabilité emporte la conviction du juge selon un certain degré en fonction du modèle étudié. Pour assurer le respect de ces règles, les procédures canadienne et française utilisent des contrôles indirects et directs du raisonnement du juge des faits. La comparaison permet de déterminer les règles de chaque modèle qui recherchent la vérité et évitent l'erreur judiciaire le plus efficacement.
6
Kinney, J. Bryan. "Court sentencing patterns /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2367.
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Haggerty, Kevin Daniel. "Making crime count : a study of the institutional production of criminal justice statistics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/NQ34528.pdf.
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Amar, Natalie. "The Supreme Court of Canada, institutional legitimacy, and the media : newspaper coverage of Morgentaler, Symes and Thibaudeau." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37183.pdf.
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Richard, Hélène. "Être ou ne pas être encadré dans la communauté... La libération par réduction de peine suite à un emprisonnement dans une prison au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26159.
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La réduction de peine est une mesure d’aménagement de la sanction d’emprisonnement pour les personnes détenues dans les établissements provinciaux, les prisons. Cet abrégement permet un retour en société avant la fin de la peine carcérale. Moins connue que la libération conditionnelle, cette procédure existe dans le même système de justice pénale qui poursuit les objectifs de réinsertion sociale et de sécurité publique. Pourtant, au Québec, la remise en liberté par réduction de peine s’obtient de manière quasi automatique et donne lieu à un affranchissement complet des services correctionnels avant l’expiration légale de la peine d’emprisonnement, contrairement à la libération conditionnelle. Les objectifs poursuivis par ce mémoire visent à examiner la possibilité de resserrer les conditions d’octroi de la réduction de peine et à vérifier l’ouverture permettant l’encadrement de la période de libération ainsi obtenue. L’analyse législative se conclut par deux propositions de réforme, une législative et l’autre, administrative.
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Roberge, Jean-François. "Typologie de l'intervention en conciliation judiciaire chez les juges canadiens siégeant en première instance et ses impacts sur le système judiciaire, le droit et la justice : étude de la perception des juges canadiens." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24199/24199.pdf.
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Dornel, Flora. "Open data des données judiciaires : entre transparence de la justice et droit à la vie privée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67168.
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Thèse en cotutelle : Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France.Le projet de recherche s’inscrit dans le contexte du mouvement d’open legal data, c’est-à-dire des données judiciaires ouvertes. En effet, que ce soit en France ou au Canada, les données judiciaires font l’objet d’une législation en faveur de l’open data. Les données judiciaires sont mises à la disposition des citoyens, de manière variable selon les systèmes juridiques. La question qui est au cœur du problème est l’affrontement de deux valeurs fondamentales : le droit du public à la transparence de l’administration de la justice, qui justifie que les données judiciaires soient consultables, et le droit de l’individu à la protection de sa vie privée.
This research project is set within the broader context of the open data movement, namely that of open judicial data. This type of data has been subject to legislation in favour of open data both in France and in Canada. Each legal system has a different approach as to how judicial data is made available to the population. The underlying issue is the interplay between two fundamental rights: the collective right to an open and transparent justice system, which in turn justifies the openness of judicial data, and the individual right to privacy.
12
Senécal, Cimon. "L'incorporation des objectifs de dissuasion et de dénonciation en droit pénal canadien pour adolescents : compatibilité et constitutionnalité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23233.
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Ce mémoire de maîtrise se veut une étude du projet de loi C-4 visant à modifier Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour les adolescents (ci-après L.S.J.P.A.). Spécifiquement, nous nous intéressons à la volonté d'ajouter la dissuasion et la dénonciation en tant que principe de détermination de la peine chez les adolescents. La compatibilité de ces objectifs avec les principes de la L.S.J.P.A., ainsi que la constitutionnalité de cette inclusion constituent les fondements de notre questionnement. Pour bien étayer nos conclusions, nous effectuons une étude comparative des dispositions de la L.S. J.P.A., et du Code criminel concernant la détermination de la peine. De plus, nous examinons les grands principes juridiques, internationaux et canadiens, en matière de justice pénale pour mineurs.
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Ouellet, Marie-Eve. "Et ferez justice : le métier d'intendant au Canada et dans les généralités de Bretagne et de Tours au 18e siècle (1700-1750)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20018/document.
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Cette thèse consiste en une étude comparative du métier d’intendant au Canada et dans les généralités de Bretagne et de Tours dans la première moitié du 18e siècle (1700-1750). Elle s’appuie sur l’intendant pour s’interroger sur l’existence de spécificités dans l’exercice du pouvoir en contexte colonial par rapport au contexte métropolitain. Considéré par la plupart des historiens de la France d’Ancien Régime comme le personnage clé de l’évolution politique qui aurait fait passer la monarchie de sa phase judiciaire jusqu’à sa phase dite « administrative », l’intendant de justice, police et finance ou commissaire départi est au coeur des débats sur l’absolutisme et son rôle de première ligne dans l’oeuvre de centralisation monarchique en fait le sujet idéal pour observer la portée réelle de ce régime sur le terrain.L’examen du fonctionnement de l’intendance est un préalable obligé pour qui veut comprendre les rapports entre administrateurs et administrés et mieux cerner la capacité de régulation de l’État. Dans le cadre des attributions définies par sa commission, quelles sont les tâches qui l’occupent concrètement ? Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’intendant du point de vue de sa pratique, en s’appuyant sur la description interne des sources produites par l’intendant pour décortiquer ses mécanismes d’intervention. Deux types de documents sont analysés successivement, soit la correspondance, incluant les pièces jointes et les documents de travail, et les actes de portée réglementaire, incluant les ordonnances et les arrêts du Conseil d’État. Chemin faisant, nous avons fait la rencontre des individus et groupes qui sollicitent l’intervention de l’intendant, levant le voile sur les rapports de pouvoir et les interactions qui le lient à ses supérieurs, aux justiciables et aux institutions locales. L’exercice permet de poser en des termes nouveaux l’action de ce personnage dont on connaissait les attributions et principales décisions, mais beaucoup moins leur logique sous-jacenteThis thesis consists in a comparative study of the intendant’s métier in Canada and in the généralités of Bretagne and Tours in the first part of the eighteen century (1700-1750). The thesis relies on the intendant to consider the existence of specificities in the exercise of power in the colonial context by comparison with the metropolitan context. Considered by most of the historians of France Ancien Regime as the key person of the political evolution to push through the monarchy from its judicial phase to its « administrative » phase, the intendant of justice, police and finance or commissaire départi is in the core of the debates on absolutism and his front line role in working to centralize the monarchy makes him the ideal subject to observe the real impact of this Regime.The examination of the functioning of the intendancy is an absolute prerequisite to understand the relation between administrators and administered and identifies the State will to control. As part of the defined attributions by his commission, what are the tasks that occupy him concretely? This thesis is about the intendant from the point of view of his pratique, relying on the description of the material produced by the intendant to examine his mechanisms of interventions. Two types of documents are successively analysed, namely the correspondence including the appendix and the working documents, and judgments, including the ordinances and the arrêt du Conseil d’Etat. In this process, we met individuals and groups who require the intervention of the intendant,lifting the veil on the power relationship that ties him to his superiors, to the claimants awaiting justice and to local institutions. This exercise allows to set in new terms the action of this personage on which we knew the attributions and main decisions but much less the underlying logic
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Audesse, Alexandre. "Dérives et misères populistes : analyse des politiques pénales érigées, modifiées et abrogées sous le gouvernement de Stephen Harper, 2006-2015." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33748.
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Tableau d'honneur de la FÉSPPlébiscité à titre de 22ième Premier ministre du Canada, Stephen Harper dirigea pendant près d’une décennie un gouvernement conservateur qui, mû par une philosophie Tough on Crime, ratifia plus de cinquante politiques pénales ayant toutes comme épicentre la promotion et l’accentuation de l’usage de la force pénale. Or, il appert que les réformes pénales de l’administration Harper ne reposaient pas uniquement sur des desseins répressifs ; elles étaient également traversées par une série d’idéaux populistes. Marquée par les possibles répercussions d’une telle approche pénale, la présente recherche documente certains des aspects populistes ayant sous-tendu les politiques pénales ratifiées par le gouvernement de Stephen Harper. Pour réaliser un tel objectif, la première partie de ce mémoire illustre que le gouvernement Harper a engendré, à des fins politiques, un impetus de punitivité sans précédent dans la sphère pénale canadienne. Poussant la réflexion à un autre niveau, la seconde partie de la présente recherche est constituée d’une série d'analyses qualitatives et de réflexions critiques portant sur trois des politiques harperiennes ayant eu les impacts les plus significatifs sur le champ pénal canadien, soit les projets de loi C-2, C-10 et C-59. À la lumière de ces analyses et de ces réflexions, ce mémoire aspire à mettre en exergue diverses facettes de l’ancrage populiste du gouvernement Harper en matière pénale. Loin de se limiter à l’oeuvre pénale du gouvernement Harper ce mémoire tente également d’offrir une compréhension des réalités sous-tendant les vagues populistes et les dérives que celles-ci peuvent engendrer en justice pénale.
Elected as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper’s Conservative government ruled for close to a decade. Driven by a “Tough on Crime” philosophy, the Harper government ratified over fifty penal policies. All of these policies were centered on the promotion and increased use of penal force. It appears, however, that Harper’s penal reforms did not rest solely on such repressive intents but were also laced with a plethora of populist ideals. Struck by the implications of such a penal approach, this study is built on the necessity to document the populist aspects undergirding Harper’s penal policies. To achieve such an objective, the first part of this thesis illustrates that the Harper government created, under political imperatives, an unprecedented punitivity impetus on the Canadian penal scene. Pushing the reflection to another level, the second part of this thesis consists in a series of qualitative analyses and critical reflections on three of Harper’s penal policies which had the most significant impacts for the Canadian penal field: Bills are C-2, C-10 and C-59. From these analyses, this thesis highlights various aspects of the Harper government's penal populist stance. Going well beyond the penal work of the Harper government, this thesis also attempts to offer an understanding of the realities behind populist waves and drifts that can occur in Criminal justice.
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Singer, Kate. "Aboriginal injustice, a Canadian reponsibility : an Algonquian perspective of Canada's criminal justice system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63368.pdf.
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Wesolowski, Peter. "We Only Accept Online Applications: The Effect of HRIS E-Recruitment Technology on Job-Seeker Fairness Perceptions in the Canadian Federal Public Sector." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34321.
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Industrial-organizational psychologist Stephen S.W. Gilliland developed a model for studying job-seeker fairness perceptions in 1993 based on existing research in organizational justice. The model includes several rules which will result in job-seeker perceptions of fairness if satisfied and job-seeker perceptions of unfairness if violated. Given the prominence of this model in the literature as well as changes which have occurred in personnel selection (such as human resource information systems, or HRIS, and e-recruitment), scholars have called for a technological re-envisioning of the original model, especially the explanations/descriptions ascribed to each rule. The present study seeks to understand how HRIS e-recruitment technology impacts job-seeker fairness perceptions and in so doing update the Gilliland (1993) model using a qualitative methodology and website success measures from information systems success theory. It contributes to the literature on applicant fairness perceptions by accounting for technological change, and contributes to the field of Public Administration by studying a governmental e-recruitment portal thereby accounting for the particularities of public-sector HRM which is underrepresented in the organizational justice literature. Over the course of one (1) year, twelve (12) job-seekers participated in a series of focus group interviews where they reflected on their experiences applying for jobs in the Canadian federal civil service using the government’s e-recruitment portal. Participants completed profiles, sent applications, communicated with government personnel, and wrote internet tests, among other job-search activities, and reported on their experiences from the perspective of fairness. Results confirm the validity of all original procedural justice rules and offer insight into their application in a recruitment environment where applicants invest considerable time interacting with computerized systems. Two additional rules are also put forth including the ease with which candidates can deceive tests and privacy/trustworthiness using technology. The findings are limited insofar as data gathering took place during a time of reduced hiring activity by the employer and because participation was limited to one (1) specific geographic location.
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Rousseau, Florence. "La répression du désordre dans une ville portuaire : l'exemple de la ville de Québec, 1850-1875." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29924.
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La période 1850-1875 est un véritable « âge d’or » pour les activités portuaires dans la ville de Québec, mais également un sommet en termes de nombre d’arrestations pour désordre. Ce mémoire vise à examiner la répression du désordre urbain dans la ville portuaire de Québec et les effets de la saison estivale de navigation qui, par le gonflement temporaire de la population, mettait à l’épreuve l’ensemble des institutions urbaines. L’appareil judiciaire et pénal a dû s’adapter à l’intensité saisonnière du désordre, de façon à répondre aux nouvelles exigences établies par les élites urbaines, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’exercice d’une justice plus expéditive. Cette ambition d’une gestion efficace du désordre saisonnier s’est rapidement heurtée à des ressources carcérales limitées. La présence des marins ne semble pas être l’unique dénominateur permettant d’expliquer l’intensité de la répression du désordre pendant l’été. Par ailleurs, les mesures prises pour réprimer les délits des marins en matière de discipline maritime, notamment en termes de manque au devoir et de désertion, répondirent davantage aux impératifs des intérêts économiques qu'à une volonté réelle de contrôler et d’enrayer le problème. Enfin, ce mémoire permet de mieux comprendre le rôle de la ville portuaire de Québec dans le dynamisme du commerce transatlantique dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle.The period from 1850 to 1875 was a true "golden age" for port activity in Quebec City, but it also saw a peak in the number of arrests for public disorder. This thesis examines the repression of urban disorder in the port city of Quebec and the effects of the summer navigation season which, by temporarily inflating the city's population, put urban institutions to the test. The judicial and penal systems had to adapt to the yearly summer increase in disorder in order to respond to the changing desires of urban elites, especially in regards to more expeditious justice. The search for a more effective response to seasonal disorder rapidly came up against the limitations of the city's prison. The presence of sailors does not seem to have been the only factor contributing to the rise in the repression of public disorder during the summer months. Moreover, measures taken against sailors for offences relating to maritime discipline, in particular refusal of duty and desertion, stemmed more from the imperatives of economic interests than from a true desire to control or to address the problem of urban disorder. Finally, this thesis also contributes to a better understanding of the role of the port city of Quebec in the dynamics of transatlantic trade in the second half of the 19th century.
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Madinier, Anne-Lise. "L’Etat-nation face à la revendication autochtone : Essai sur les institutions juridiques kanakes en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0005.
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Depuis l’Accord de Nouméa de 1998 et la reconnaissance de l’identité kanake, le registre international des droits des peuples autochtones est apparu en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Si depuis l’Accord de Matignon de 1989, la réflexion de la doctrine se concentre sur la souveraineté de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la question autochtone est désormais un nouvel aspect de la décolonisation kanake. Elle n’est pas directement revendiquée pour l’indépendance, mais pour obtenir des droits de peuple autochtone. Ce point de vue s’émancipe de la doctrine moniste classique de l’État nation, en considérant que d’autres entités puissent prétendre à l’autodétermination par la reconnaissance d’un système juridique propre. Une relecture de la Constitution de 1958 ainsi que l’analyse des pratiques administratives et juridictionnelles démontrent la capacité du droit français à prendre en considération les aspirations et les particularités de la société kanake. Au delà de l’Accord de Nouméa, une réflexion doctrinale alternative est donc proposée à partir du comparatisme avec le droit canadienSince the 1998 Noumea Accord and the recognition of the Kanak identity, the International Register of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has appeared in New Caledonia. Since the Matignon Agreement of 1989, the doctrine has focused on the sovereignty of New Caledonia, the indigenous issue is now a new aspect of Kanak decolonization. It is not directly claimed for independence, but for the rights of indigenous peoples. This point of view emancipates itself from the classical monist doctrine of the nation state, considering that other entities can claim self-determination by recognizing a proper legal system. A review of the 1958 Constitution and the analysis of administrative and judicial practices demonstrate the ability of French law to take into account the aspirations and particularities of the Kanake society. Beyond the Noumea Accord, an alternative reflection is proposed based on comparatism with Canadian law
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Dufresne, Martin. "La justice pénale et la définition du crime à Québec, 1830-1860." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21966.pdf.
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Oshynko, Norma. "Claimant document production in Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada's alternative dispute resolution process /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2006. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2703.
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Meyer, Doreen M. (Doreen Mae) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "A prison of their own; the contradictions behind Canada's prison for women." Ottawa, 1992.
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Bach, Raphaëlle. "Les conditions juridiques de l'effectivité de la participation du public dans les examens de projets de pipelines interprovinciaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27981.
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Le présent mémoire porte sur l’analyse des conditions juridiques de l’effectivité de la participation du public dans les régimes juridiques canadien et québécois dans les examens de projets de pipelines interprovinciaux. Les mécanismes et les processus de participation mis en œuvre par le gouvernement fédéral, dans le cadre de l’examen des projets par l’Office national de l’énergie, ceux développés par la Couronne dans le cadre de son obligation constitutionnelle de consultation des Premières Nations ainsi que ceux intervenant lors des audiences du Bureau d’audiences publiques sur l’environnement au Québec seront à l’étude. L’hypothèse de ce mémoire est que malgré leur apparence participative, les mécanismes mis en œuvre à cette fin par les différents ordres de gouvernement s'apparentent davantage à une consultation qu'à une véritable participation. L'analyse des conditions juridiques de l'effectivité de la participation du public permettra de déceler les éventuelles lacunes des processus participatifs. Il sera alors possible de proposer de pistes de réflexion sur la façon de garantir une meilleure participation du public en droit fédéral et québécois, tout en s’inscrivant dans le contexte de réforme que traverse actuellement le pays.This paper focuses on the analysis of the conditions of the effectiveness of public participation in the Canadian and Quebec legal regimes when examining interprovincial pipeline projects. Participation mechanisms and processes implemented by the federal government, as part of the National Energy Board's review of projects, those developed by the Crown as part of its constitutional obligation to consult First Nations and those participating in the hearings of the Bureau of Public Hearings on the Environment in Quebec will be under consideration. The assumption in this essay is that despite their appearance as participatory, the mechanisms implemented by the various levels of government for this purpose are more akin to consultation than to true participation. The analysis of the legal conditions for the effectiveness of public participation will make it possible to identify potential gaps in participatory processes. It will then be possible to propose ways of thinking about how to guarantee better public participation in federal and Quebec law, while taking into account the current reforms in the country.
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Phillips, John David. "Educated to crime: Community and criminal justice in Upper Canada, 1800--1840." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=80191&T=F.
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Schlecker, Regan Dawn. "Dreamcatcher 22 : commissions of inquiry and Aboriginal criminal justice reforms." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11856.
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The last decade has seen the development of an unprecedented profile for
aboriginal concerns over the inadequacies of the criminal justice system. This thesis
examines the major commissions of inquiry that were established to address criminal
justice reforms for aboriginal Canadians. Through a comparison of these inquiries, it is
my intention to provide a greater understanding as to why some commissions have had a
more positive role to play in initiating policy change, while others have been less than
satisfactory in promoting the needs of aboriginal persons.
Analysis reveals that commissions of inquiry are most often established to address
more general concerns about the impact of the criminal justice system on aboriginal
peoples, rather than to investigate specific cases in which there was a miscarriage of
justice. My findings also reveal that the current criminal justice system can and should be
improved, without in any way detracting from the movement toward the larger social,
political and economic goal of self- determination. Due to the fact that autonomous
solutions remain prevalent in the academic literature, future inquiries will be required to
acknowledge this perspective. An appreciation of the variety of concerns held by
aboriginal individuals can only be made possible through extensive consultation with
aboriginal communities and utilizing creative and innovative means of gathering
research. By providing an open process, commissions will be able to encompass views
that may not be prevalent in academic circles, but accepted at a grass roots level.
On the much larger question of the policy impact of commissions of inquiry, they
have been useful institutions for opening up the policy debate in regards to criminal
justice reforms for aboriginal Canadians. Frequently these inquiries have been faulted
because their specific recommendations are not accepted. However, inquiries are valuable
because they provide one of the few occasions for defining public issues, including
debate about reformist and radical conceptions of the issues. Consequently it is more
useful to assess commissions of inquiry for their role in the development of policy
debate.
25
Johnston, William Wayne. "Autonomous aboriginal criminal justice and the Charter of Rights." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3337.
Full textAbstract:
The imminent recognition of an inherent Aboriginal right to selfgovernment
signals the beginning of the reversal of a colonization process
which threatened the cultural survival of a people. The Report of the Aboriginal
Justice Inquiry of Manitoba , hereinafter referred to as the Inquiry, advocates an
autonomous Aboriginal criminal justice system as a significant component of
this cultural revitalization. This Aboriginal criminal justice system would differ
markedly from the conventional system in giving priority to collective rights over
conflicting individual rights. The Inquiry rejects the Charter as alien to Aboriginal
values and advocates a “tailor-made” Aboriginal charter that would incorporate
“only those fundamental freedoms and civil liberties that do not violate the
beliefs and paramount collective rights of the Aboriginal peoples.”
The conventional justice system’s paramount concern for individual
rights is premised on the potential of punishment. The Inquiry’s starkly
contrasting paramount emphasis on collective rights is premised on an
Aboriginal view of justice which this thesis refers to as the “harmony ethos”:
The underlying philosophy in Aboriginal societies in
dealing with crime was the resolution of disputes, the
healing of wounds and the restoration of social
harmony… Atonement and restoration of harmony
were the goals - not punishment.
The tension between individual and collective rights apparent in the
proposal of the Inquiry is the specific focus of this thesis. The colonization
process may justify a separate Aboriginal justice system. However, the harmony
ethos premise, while appropriate to the mediation-reconciliation communitarian
model of justice advocated by the Inquiry, blinds the Inquiry to the additional,
and crucially different, adjudicative-rights imperatives of the contemporary
Aboriginal society.
Actually existing Indianism reveals conflict-generating fault lines in the
harmony premise which challenge the sufficiency of the Inquiry’s group-based justice paradigm and indicate a need and desire for an adjudication justice
component and concomitant Charter values.
This adjudication hiatus in the Inquiry position is a reflection of a similar
void in historical Aboriginal justice which challenges the asserted rationale of
cultural survival for the paramountcy of collective rights in the contemporary
Aboriginal justice system. This historical adjudication hiatus does not preclude
a separate Aboriginal justice system, but favours the inclusion of Charter values
to strengthen an adjudication cultural foundation which is frail relative to its
reconciliation-mediation strength.
This thesis is a modest attempt to address the interface between two
systems; one mature, but in need of change, the other, fledging and in need of
assistance. The Charter provides a ready and flexible framework to join the
Aboriginal community both to the larger society and to the unlanded Aboriginal
diaspora by principled standards of justice. These fundamental indicia of
fairness, recognized by all civilized self-governing units, constitute no significant
threat to the cultural survival of the Aboriginal mediation justice heritage, while
buttressing its inherent adjudication frailty.
26
McNamara, Luke. "Aboriginal peoples, the administration of justice and the autonomy agenda : an assessment of the status of criminal justice reform in Canada with reference to the Prairie region." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3618.
Full textAbstract:
For more than 20 years the Canadian criminal justice system has been the subject of reforms designed to address overwhelming evidence of the system's disproportionate and discriminatory impact on Aboriginal peoples. For the most part, this approach has been unsuccessful, primarily because of a failure to recognize the critical nexus between justice reform and the demand of the First Nations, Metis and Inuit peoples of Canada for constitutional recognition of their right to govern in their own communities. An examination of several recent reports of Aboriginal justice inquiries suggests that this connection is finally being made, with the consequence that community-based autonomy has emerged as the underlying principle of justice reform initiatives. Recommendations for the establishment of comprehensive Aboriginal justice systems as a component of the inherent right of Aboriginal self-government are illustrative of a dramatic and encouraging re-direction of the reform agenda. However, before this major restructuring of the Canadian justice landscape can be effected, several key issues including the role of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and the jurisdictional framework for Aboriginal justice autonomy, must be resolved. Depuis plus de 20 ans, le systeme de justice criminel canadien a ete le sujet de reformes qui ont ete concues pour aborder les impacts de la disproportionalite et de la discrimination du systeme judiciere envers les peuples autochtones. En general, cette approche a connu peu de succes du au manque de connaissance des points critiques qui lient la reforme judiciaire et les demandes des Premieres Nations, des Metis et des peuples Inuit du Canada pour la reconnaissance de leur droits constitutionnels qui leurs reservent le droit a l'auto-determination de leur communaute respective. Un examen de plusieurs recents rapports de demandes de justice autochtones suggere qu'une entente a finalement ete convenu, ayant pour consequences l'emergence de l'autonomie de la communaute comme le principe de base des nouvelles initiatives de la reforme judiciere. Les recommendations pour l'establissement complet du systeme de justice autochtones comme une composante de droits inherents des autochtones a l'auto-determination gouvernementale, demontre un changement de direction dramatique mais encourageant de la reforme a l'ordre du jour. Cependant, avant qu'une restructuration majeure de la justice canadienne soit mis en application, plusieurs problemes cles, tel la Charte des droits et libertes et l'autonomie de la structure de juridiction de la justice autochtones, devront etre resolus.
27
Webb, Suzanne Nicola. "The drug court : A miracle or the healer's hand?" Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9806.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of this thesis is criminal justice sentencing policy. The thesis examines the
role of the Drug Court in diverting drug dependent offenders from the conventional
Criminal Justice System. A large percentage of convicted offenders have a drug
addiction problem and such offenders impose staggering burdens on an already
overwhelmed Criminal Justice System. Diversion programs offer a practicable
alternative to the traditional court system, and this thesis will investigate the feasibility of
a Drug Court in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In examining the advantages and
disadvantages of this method of sentencing, the thesis assesses the value of compulsory
treatment and determines whether criminal justice sanctions should incorporate
compulsory treatment initiatives. To aid in this analysis, additional diversion programs
for drug addicted offenders are examined.
The Drug Court is assessed through a comparison of the court with traditional sentencing
principles. This thesis analyses the success of the Drug Court in other jurisdictions and
looks at how the Drug Court deals with the sociological and environmental factors linked
to drug abuse and criminality. In determining whether a Drug Court is a feasible option
for Vancouver, the thesis examines these external crimogenic factors and the strategies
undertaken by the City to combat drug-related crime.
It is argued that the conventional criminal justice system provides little, if any,
progressive and pro-active drug abuse intervention. This thesis concludes that Vancouver
should implement a Drug Court to divert offenders from the traditional court system, and
argues that the Drug Court diversion program should be available for drug-dependent
property offenders. It identifies how the court can operate alongside pre-existing
community services to ensure that post-release environmental conditions are conducive to
drug abstinence and legitimate activity.
In recommending adoption of the drug court program, the thesis stresses the importance
of making this diversion scheme part of a community-based, long-term, holistic
intervention strategy. The thesis ends with practical suggestions for implementation of a
Drug Court program in Vancouver.
28
Ouellet, Marie-Eve. "«Et ferez justice» : le métier d’intendant au Canada et dans les généralités de Bretagne et de Tours au 18e siècle (1700-1750)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11636.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse consiste en une étude comparative du métier d’intendant au Canada et dans les généralités de Bretagne et de Tours dans la première moitié du 18e siècle (1700-1750). Elle s’appuie sur l’intendant pour s’interroger sur l’existence de spécificités dans l’exercice du pouvoir en contexte colonial par rapport au contexte métropolitain. Considéré par la plupart des historiens de la France d’Ancien Régime comme le personnage clé de l’évolution politique qui aurait fait passer la monarchie de sa phase judiciaire jusqu’à sa phase dite « administrative », l’intendant de justice, police et finance ou commissaire départi est au coeur des débats sur l’absolutisme et son rôle de première ligne dans l’oeuvre de centralisation monarchique en fait le sujet idéal pour observer la portée réelle de ce régime sur le terrain. L’examen du fonctionnement de l’intendance est un préalable obligé pour qui veut comprendre les rapports entre administrateurs et administrés et mieux cerner la capacité de régulation de l’État. Dans le cadre des attributions définies par sa commission, quelles sont les tâches qui l’occupent concrètement ? Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’intendant du point de vue de sa pratique, en s’appuyant sur la description interne des sources produites par l’intendant pour décortiquer ses mécanismes d’intervention. Deux types de documents sont analysés successivement, soit la correspondance, incluant les pièces jointes et les documents de travail, et les actes de portée réglementaire, incluant les ordonnances et les arrêts du Conseil d’État. Chemin faisant, nous avons fait la rencontre des individus et groupes qui sollicitent l’intervention de l’intendant, levant le voile sur les rapports de pouvoir et les interactions qui le lient à ses supérieurs, aux justiciables et aux institutions locales. L’exercice permet de poser en des termes nouveaux l’action de ce personnage dont on connaissait les attributions et principales décisions, mais beaucoup moins leur
logique sous-jacente.This thesis consists in a comparative study of the intendant’s métier in Canada and in the généralités of Bretagne and Tours in the first part of the eighteenth century (1700-1750). The thesis relies on the intendant to consider the existence of specificities in the exercise of power in the colonial context by comparison with the metropolitan context. Considered by most of the historians of France Ancien Regime as the key person of the political evolution to push through the monarchy from its judicial phase to its « administrative » phase, the intendant of justice, police and finance or commissaire départi is in the core of the debates on absolutism and his front line role in working to centralize the monarchy makes him the ideal subject to observe the real impact of this Regime. The examination of the functioning of the intendancy is an absolute prerequisite to understand the relation between administrators and administered and identifies the State will to control. As part of the defined attributions by his commission, what are the tasks that occupy him concretely? This thesis is about the intendant from the point of view of his pratique, relying on the description of the material produced by the intendant to examine his mechanisms of interventions. Two types of documents are successively analysed, namely the correspondence including the appendix and the working documents, and judgments, including the ordinances and the arrêt du Conseil d’Etat. In this process, we met individuals and groups who require the intervention of the intendant, lifting the veil on the power relationship that ties him to his superiors, to the claimants awaiting justice and to local institutions. This exercise allows to set in new terms the action of this personage on which we knew the attributions and main decisions but much less the underlying logic.
29
Gordon, Todd. "The political economy of law and order policing : state power, class struggle and capitalist restructuring in Canada /." 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11575.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Political Science.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-278). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11575
30
L'Espérance, Anne-Sophie. "Extradition et non-refoulement : la justice fondamentale en péril? Analyse du cas Németh c. Canada (Justice)." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10912.
Full textAbstract:
Dans Németh c. Canada (Justice) (2010), la Cour suprême vient à la conclusion qu’il est possible, pour le ministre de la Justice, d’autoriser l’extradition d’un réfugié dans la mesure où cette dernière n’est pas injuste ou tyrannique, et qu’elle ne vise pas à punir la personne pour des motifs de persécution. Le juge Cromwell précise qu’il n’est pas nécessaire de révoquer le statut de réfugié avant le processus d’extradition ; le ministre n’a qu’à démontrer que les clauses de cessation se trouvant dans la Loi sur l’immigration et la protection des réfugiés s’appliquent. Cela implique qu’il doit faire la preuve, selon la balance des probabilités, que les réfugiés n’ont plus de raison de craindre la persécution dans leur pays d’origine, en établissant qu’il y a un changement stable de circonstances. Toutefois, le processus actuel d’extradition n’assure pas pleinement les protections procédurales auxquelles ont droit les réfugiés, dans la mesure où la Loi sur l’extradition accorde un pouvoir discrétionnaire au ministre de décider, au cas par cas, qui devrait avoir droit à une audition orale pour étayer sa cause. Puisque la possibilité de persécution au retour reste une question empreinte de subjectivité et fait appel à la crédibilité, il est du devoir du ministre d’accorder une forme d'audition aux réfugiés afin d’offrir de solides garanties procédurales. Or, la Cour n’est pas allée jusqu’à prescrire un tel devoir. Dans ce mémoire, nous nous interrogeons sur l’étendue des protections procédurales qui devraient être accordées à un réfugié menacé d’extradition.In Németh v. Canada (Justice) (2010), the Supreme Court concludes that it is possible for the Minister of Justice to surrender a refugee facing extradition, unless it is unjust or oppressive or the discrimination clause can be applied. Cromwell J. established it isn't necessary to revoke the refugee status prior to the extradition; the Minister only has to demonstrate that the change of circumstances in the refugee's country may lead to the cessation of refugee protection. This implies that the Minister must come forward with evidence of changed circumstances and be satisfied on the balance of probabilities that the refugee no longer needs protection in Canada. Unfortunately, the extradition procedures do not properly ensure the substantive fundamental justice and protections sought by refugees. There is no discussion on a possibility to properly respond to the Minister's evidence. However, there must be an opportunity for them to disprove the evidence, especially because it is a subjective matter which challenges the refugees' credibility. Therefore, it is the Minister's responsibility to ensure there is a hearing to comply with fundamental justice. Nevertheless, the Court didn’t go on to prescribe such an obligation to the Minister. In this research, we will then ask ourselves which procedural safeguards should be given by the Minister of Justice to refugees facing extradition.
31
Schmidt, Heather L. ""Muslim perceptions of Canadian justice minority observations of mainstream culture" /." 2001. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MQ71622.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2001. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-135). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & res_dat=xri:pqdiss & rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation & rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MQ71622.
32
Buckley, Melina. "Towards transformative human rights practices : a reconsideration of the role of Canadian legal institutions in achieving social justice." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12938.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the tension between the evolving demand for the protection and promotion of
human rights and the dissatisfaction with the legal institutions charged with these responsibilities.
This problematique is examined and reconstructed with the objective of determining how Canadian
legal institutions could be structured so as to more effectively contribute to the achievement of
social justice.
A critical theory approach is undertaken in this thesis. This method involves the development of a
transformative ideal against which current practices are examined. This juxtaposition illuminates
both the problems with, and the possibilities of, the courts and human rights commissions in
interpreting and applying human rights norms.
The transformative ideal comprises two elements. The first element postulates that the legal
institutional role should be conceived as contributing to a broad and evolving discourse on human
rights and responsibilities within the public sphere. The second element holds that this role should
be enhanced through the development of transformative human rights practices and their integration
into legal processes.
The transformative ideal is constructed through a series of six discussions comprising: (1) the
development of an analytical framework based on the concepts of social transformation, social
justice, human rights and the right to equality; (2) an examination of the critique of the role and
functions of courts and human rights commissions; (3) an elaboration of a normative account of the
public sphere and discourse together with a discussion of the role of human rights norms therein; (4)
a discussion of current mediation practices in the human rights context leading to the development
of a normative model of transformative mediation; (5) an examination of the transformative ideal
in human rights commission practices; and (6) an exploration of the transformative ideal in court
practices.
The thesis concludes that the transformative ideal and particularly the concept of transformative
human rights practices, will assist in reform of Canadian legal institutions so as to enhance social
justice.
33
Roberts, Ramona. "Voices outside law : Canada's justice system in the lives of survivors and victims of sexual violence /." 2000.
Find full text
34
Joanette-Laflamme, Andréane. "La puissance des faits qui sont tus : la Cour suprême du Canada et l'expulsion vers la torture." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3986.
Full textAbstract:
Dans Suresh c. Canada (Ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration) (2002), la
Cour suprême du Canada en vient à la conclusion que les principes de justice fondamentale prévus à l'm1icle 7 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés autorisent, dans des circonstances exceptionnelles, l'expulsion d'une personne vers la torture. La Cour nous indique que l'identification des principes de justice fondamentale doit se fonder sur une démarche contextuelle et sur un consensus dans la société canadienne. Le fondement factuel dans le raisonnement de la Cour est pourtant inexistant. Elle ne traite ni du contexte en matière d'immigration, ni du contexte en matière de sécurité nationale entourant cette décision. La Cour prescrit un haut degré de retenue pour le contrôle judiciaire de la décision du Ministre de la
Citoyenneté et de l'Immigration d'expulser une personne vers la torture. Cette retenue explique en partie le traitement déficient des faits. La Cour conclut qu'il y aurait un consensus dans la société canadienne sur le principe de justice fondamentale qui autorise l'expulsion d'une personne vers la torture sans fournir la preuve de ce fait social. L'absence de traitement des faits et de la preuve affecte la légitimité – la force persuasive - de la décision de la Cour suprême dans Suresh.In Suresh v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (2002), the Supreme Court of Canada concludes that the principles of fundamental justice in section 7 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom allow, in exceptional circumstances, to deport a person facing a risk of torture. The Court writes that principles of fundamental justice must be determined by a contextual approach and based on a significant societal consensus. There is however no factual basis in the Court's reasoning. There is no discussion of the immigration context or the national security context surrounding this decision. The Court chooses a highly deferencial standard of review for the judicial review in administrative law of the Citizenship and Immigration Minister's decision to deport a person facing a risk of torture. This choice partly explains the deficient treatment of facts in the Court's decision. The Court concludes that there is a societal consensus on the principles of fundamental justice allowing deportation of a person facing a risk of torture without providing any evidence of this societal facto The absence of a proper examination of the facts and the evidence at the basis of conclusions in Suresh, reduces the legitimacy – the persuasiveness – of the Court's decision.
35
Yoon, Yeong Gin Jean. "Les minorités linguistiques et l'accès à la justice : pour une pratique conforme aux Chartes." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22844.
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