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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Justice, Administration of – Wales'

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Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Quinn, Peter. "Unenlightened efficiency the administration of the juvenile correction system in New South Wales, 1905-1988 /." Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/623.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004.<br>Title from title screen (viewed 7 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of History, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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2

Williams, Kadifa. "Black people and criminal justice in England and Wales : a study on bail." [n.p.], 1999. http://dart.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=181.

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3

Bolitho, Jane Johnman Social Science &amp Policy UNSW. "Creating space for young people, dialogue and decision making : youth justice conferencing in New South Wales Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Social Science and Policy, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20780.

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Juvenile justiceAdministration ofNew South Wales.Juvenile delinquentsRehabilitationThis study examines the process of Youth Justice Conferencing in New South Wales within the context of the theory and aims of the restorative justice movement. Analysis of relevant literature and theory suggests that restorative justice is a broad and encompassing movement that entails a decision making process where victims, communities and offenders come together in a joint response to an offence. Although this breadth has allowed and encouraged a proliferation of programs that respond to particular needs an

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4

Barry, Lillian M. "A journey through the prison garden : weeds in the warehouse." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/36967.

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Through the implementation of a garden project in two women-centred correctional facilities in New South Wales, this thesis explores tensions between punitive and rehabilitative goals. The impacts of these tensions on the garden project and the every-day lived experience for female inmates form the basis of the research. Initially, the research looked at the rehabilitative potential of a horticultural therapy program for female inmates. This focus correlated with the holistic rehabilitative rhetoric within women’s prisons in New South Wales. Based on this, a small garden project of five months

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5

Donoghue, Jane Catriona. "The use of antisocial behaviour orders (ASBOs) in Britain : unpacking the primacy of legal procedure(s) and judicial discretion." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/364.

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The primary thesis that the chapters which follow are concerned to elaborate and to substantiate is to what extent legal procedure(s) and judicial discretion influence the administration, management and outcomes of Antisocial Behaviour Order (ASBO) use in Britain. A great deal of the existing academic literature on the use of ASBOs in Britain locates the strategic importance of the ‘relevant authorities’ (local authorities, housing associations, registered social landlords (RSLs), the police) involved in ASBO applications. While acknowledging the importance of existing scholarship which highli

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6

Simpson, Matthew. "Open justice and the English criminal process." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10545/.

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This thesis examines the concept of 'open justice' as it applies to the English criminal process. The conventional understanding of open justice requires merely that trial proceedings are open to the public and that those who attend are free to report to others what they have witnessed. This thesis seeks to demonstrate that the notion of open justice need not be so confined. The oversight of the criminal process provided by the courts, independent administrative bodies and the public, and the open manner in which such oversight is conducted, may be viewed as a more expansive conception of open

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Cruz, da Fonseca Rosenblatt Fernanda. "The role of community in youth offender panels in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06021e55-832b-4384-bd22-1e9e1b022f4d.

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The primary aim of this thesis is to reach a better empirical and theoretical understanding of what ‘community involvement’ means and what work it does in restorative justice. A case study approach was adopted to examine the involvement of the community in one selected practice of restorative justice, namely youth offender panels in England and Wales. Data collection comprised 127 interviews with key stakeholders involved in youth offender panels, as well as observation of 39 panel meetings, and analysis of related documents (e.g. panel reports and contracts). The role of ‘community’ in youth

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8

Nellis, Robert Michael. "Intermediate treatment and juvenile justice in England and Wales, 1960-1985." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272339.

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9

Tinley, Yvette Marie. "Identification parades : upholding the integrity of the criminal justice process?" Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5355/.

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Evidence from eyewitnesses is often the starting point for police investigations and it is estimated that it plays an important role in one quarter of all contested Crown Court cases. However, the memory is a fragile and malleable instrument which can produce unreliable yet convincing evidence. Because mistaken witnesses can be both honest and compelling, the risk of wrongful conviction in eyewitness identification cases is high, as is illustrated in a number of famous miscarriages of justice. This thesis assesses the sufficiency of the protections offered to defendants in cases involving eyew

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10

Bateman, Timothy. "The systemic determinants of levels of child incarceration in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/134949.

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For a brief moment in the 1980s, a number of local authorities across England and Wales declared themselves ‘custody free zones’ (Rutherford, 2002), symbolising an intent that children should not be incarcerated for their offending behaviour within the local authority boundary. While this lofty aspiration was not always fulfilled, on occasion it was. More importantly, such declarations can be seen as manifestations of a widespread commitment, extending well beyond those ‘zones’, to the idea that the use of custody for children should be avoided wherever possible. During the course of the decad

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11

Marmo, Marinella. "European criminal justice : judicial harmonisation processes in Italy and England & Wales." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431744.

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12

Cutress, Laura. "The use of restorative justice by the police in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8811/.

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The key aim of this thesis is to examine the use of restorative justice (RJ) processes by police services in England and Wales. The research used the methodology of a comparative case study, taking a two phase approach to compare and contrast a range of case study police services in England and Wales, and including a Belgian case study as an international comparator. After a broad exploration into RJ use by police services across England and Wales, the research focused on two case study police services. Analysis occurred at the level of each case study; both between and within police services.

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13

Williams, Kadifa. "Black people and criminal justice in England and Wales : a study on bail." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18985/.

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The disproportionate rate of adverse police-black encounters, instances of unfair and unequal treatment by the police, in addition to the over-representation of black people in the total and remand prison population raises questions about the nature and extent of discrimination and racism in the criminal justice system. Reasons for the apparent differential treatment of black people in the criminal justice process remain contested. Much research on 'race' and criminal justice issues has produced contradictory findings and attempts to isolate a 'race' effect in criminal justice decision-making

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14

Logan, Anne Frances Helen. "Making women magistrates : feminism, citizenship and justice in England and Wales 1918-1950." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2002. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6229/.

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This thesis addresses the subject of women magistrates in England and Wales from their introduction in 1919 and the work subsequently performed by the early women JPs until the late 1940s. Surprisingly, despite the great volume of work on women’s history during the last few decades, historians have not researched this subject in detail. While only a handful of women have become professional judges in this country, many thousands have sat in judgement on their follow citizens as lay justices. This duty is both voluntary and unpaid but it is, along with jury service, a vitally important aspect o

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15

Lacey, Lauren. "Youth justice in England and Wales : exploring young offenders' perceptions of restorative and procedural justice in the referral order process." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/596/.

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In recent years the government has introduced youth justice policy which claims to draw on the philosophy of restorative justice as an alternative to punitive sanctions. Referral orders were implemented nationally in 2002 and purportedly represent a significant policy commitment to restorative justice. Rather than incarcerating offenders or deterring them through punishment, referral orders aim to encourage them to understand the consequences of their behaviour, make amends and re-join the law abiding community. This is purportedly achieved through a youth offender panel (panel meeting) run by

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16

Cassayre, Yannou Aude. "Justice des cités, justice sous tutelle ? : la justice dans les cités grecques, de la formation des royaumes hellénistiques au legs d'Attale." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30050.

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Ce travail décrit l’évolution de la pratique judiciaire dans les cités grecques à l’époque hellénistique. La justice qui subit alors les répercussions de l’émergence des royaumes hellénistiques, se développe en devenant un secteur de plus en plus autonome et en acquérant peu à peu son propre langage juridique. Les procédures s’amplifient et montrent une spécialisation de l’ensemble du secteur juridique. L’application de ses sentences et la capacité de la justice à rester indépendante des intérêts particuliers sont au fondement de la politique des cités<br>This study describes the evolution of

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Welsh, Lucy Charlotte. "Magistrates, managerialism and marginalisation : neoliberalism and access to justice in East Kent." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/53871/.

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This thesis examines access to justice in summary criminal proceedings by considering the ability of defendants to play an active and effective role in the proceedings. Summary proceedings are those which take place in magistrates’ courts, and are decided by lay magistrates or a district judge (magistrates’ courts) without a jury. The study uses ethnographic fieldwork to explore the structural/cultural intersection of public services by considering both the effects of structural changes in criminal proceedings in magistrates' courts and the agency of the courtroom workgroup. While the cultural

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18

Farrar, Salim. "The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36414/.

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This thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions. The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and mod

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Simon, Thomas. "Grundherrschaft und Vogtei : eine Strukturanalyse spätmittelalterlicher und frühneuzeitlicher Herrschaftsbildung /." Frankfurt am Main : V. Klostermann, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37621351r.

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20

Briggs, D. B. "Youth justice and youth penality in England and Wales : a theoretical and empirical exploration." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3007628/.

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This thesis is concerned with the nature of contemporary youth penality in England and Wales. Some international comparative analysis suggests that over the last 40 years or so there has been a convergence towards a number of interrelated global trends in youth justice law, policy and practice leading to increased punitiveness, intolerance, control and imprisonment of children and young people in conflict with the law across the West. Yet other comparative evidence suggests that the picture is more complicated and that youth penality significantly varies over time and is spatially differentiat

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21

Farrell, Catherine M. "Territorial justice and the provision of nursery education in England and Wales, 1981-1994." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1996. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/territorial-justice-and-the-provision-of-nursery-education-in-england-and-wales-19811994(95dcd9d4-4ac0-4a63-b4da-224b2406fe22).html.

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This study is concerned with the geographical distribution of the provision of nursery education in England and Wales from 1981 to 1994. It examines the extent to which the provision of nursery education is related to the need for the service. Davies's (1968) concept of territorial justice implies a positive correlation between need and provision. This interpretation of territorial justice is well established in the academic literature on the distribution of public services. Boyne and Powell (1991) have questioned whether a positive correlation between need and provision is always required for

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22

Thomas, Susan. "Children first, offenders second : an aspiration or a reality for youth justice in Wales." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622111.

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England and Wales have the same criminal justice system, but devolution in Wales has created some differences between the two countries. In Wales all child and young person related services, with the exception of youth justice, are devolved to the Welsh Government. It is claimed by some that devolution has resulted in youth justice policy in Wales diverging from that of England. This is because of the Welsh Government’s adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which has been incorporated into its domestic legislation. This is not mirrored in England, as the UK Gove

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23

Berthier, Laurent. "La qualité de la justice." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/aa99ed65-735a-40f5-8a8c-172ee3c087cb/blobholder:0/2011LIMO1001.pdf.

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La qualité constitue un standard désormais inévitable au sein des services publics. Elle implique une nouvelle appréciation de ces derniers et porte en elle un ensemble de dispositifs techniques destinés à améliorer la prestation proposée. Son application au sein du service public de la justice est toutefois plus difficile à concevoir et en cela novatrice, dès lors que la justice se démarque des services publics ordinaires, par des principes d'organisation et de fonctionnement qui apparaissent, selon une première lecture, plutôt incompatibles avec les idées que sous-tend la qualité, comme la p

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24

Lu, Terence Zimin. "And justice for all? : Aversive homoprejudice in criminal justice decisions /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19744.pdf.

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25

Clarke, Gemma Claire. "'Real' rape revisited : exploring issues of gender and intoxication in contemporary English and Welsh criminal justice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252251.

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26

Diab, Robert. "Terrorism and the administration of justice in Canada." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32370.

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This thesis explores ways in which perspectives in Canada on the administration of justice have shifted after September 11, 2001, in criminal and administrative law. The introductory chapter sets out the general context of my thesis, including a discussion of the development of due process and constitutional rights, and a brief comparison between American, British and Canadian legislative responses to 9 /11. Chapter 2 concerns the context, in which the Canadian Anti-terrorism Act (2001) was drafted, the government's understanding of its purpose and function, and critical reception of the

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27

Ho, Vivian Wei Wun. "How should restorative justice be applied to the Hong Kong criminal justice system?" access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b21324244a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2006.<br>Master of arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, City University of Hong Kong, School of Law. Title from title screen (viewed on Sept. 20, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.

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Lhuillier, Julien. "La bonne administration de la Justice pénale en Europe." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0157.

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Etudier l'administration de la Justice et l'évaluation de sa qualité, sous l'angle d'unecomparaison européenne, c'est en quelque sorte anticiper ce que pourrait être la Justice indépendante et démocratique du 21ème siècle. En initiant les démarches comparatives sur ce thème, le Conseil de l'Europe - et plus exactement la Commission européenne pour l?efficacité de la Justice (CEPEJ) - a mis en place un cadre d'évaluation et un réseau de tribunaux référents efficace, qui lui donnentaujourd'hui une longueur d'avance sur les travaux entrepris par ailleurs. La diversité des systèmes judiciaires du

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Stahlkopf, Christina. "Rhetoric or reality? : restorative justice in the youth justice system in England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c00ef572-167f-4f91-91a1-5687d26972f4.

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This thesis explores the recent introduction of restorative justice into the youth justice system in England. It examines the historical and political context from which current youth justice policies have emerged and aims to evaluate how this new system is functioning 'on the ground' several years after being implemented. Specifically, the primary aim of the research is to investigate final warnings and referral orders. The findings are based on an in-depth study of one Youth Offending Team (YOT). The research adopted a predominantly qualitative, case study based method utilizing techniques o

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潘靄恩 and Oi-yan Vivien Poon. "Natural justice: an analysis of the student review process in the University of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964825.

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31

Santatzoglou, Sotirios. "The domination of minimum intervention: juvenile justice practice in England and Wales during the 1980s." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494710.

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Gegisian, Ioanna. "Assessing the contribution of local air quality management to environmental justice in England and Wales." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441818.

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33

Randall, Vicki Louise. "Changes in diversionary strategies within the youth justice system of England & Wales (1908-2010)." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/133096.

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Youth justice in England and Wales is a highly politicised area of government policy and youth justice provision has always been a highly contested issue. The discourse of diversion stems from debates about the purpose and effectiveness of various types of penal regimes, and particularly their effect on children and young people in trouble with the law. The process of diversion aims to remove children and young people from the formal sanctions of the criminal justice system or minimize their penetration into it, and failing that it aims to avoid incarceration. Over the years diversion has take

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Mestrot, Michèle. "Action associative et justice pénale." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D027.

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On assiste actuellement a un développement sans précédent de l'intervention des associations dans l'administration de la justice pénale. Les effets de l'interaction entre associations et justice peuvent être différemment analyses. Les associations, en s'emparant de la gestion des conflits auparavant dévolus a l'état, pensent modifier le schéma étatique du droit de punir. A l'inverse, leur incorporation au service public est de nature a les transformer en simples instruments de l'administration. Le constat final est néanmoins plus nuance. Certes, les associations subissent inexorablement une in

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Merriam, Marilyn. "The contribution of volunteer mentoring in criminal justice." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5205/.

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This thesis explores the potential of volunteer-based mentoring of offenders and victims in criminal justice in England and Wales. The research was based on four case-study organisations and involved analysis of the recruitment and training of volunteers and of their contribution in comparison with standards defined for mentoring as practiced in more generic professional mentoring circles. Key findings from the research were of limited appreciation of the nature of mentoring among the four organisations; of significant reliance on college students as volunteers seeking work experience for thei

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36

Isokun, M. I. "Administration of justice : a study of the Nigerian systems of justice in Bendel State, Nigeria." Thesis, Swansea University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637378.

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Ghulam, Shakil Ahmed Ghulam Gadir. "Distributive justice vs. procedural justice: Perceptions of fairness of Saudi Arabian civil service employees in their performance appraisal system." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186110.

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This study uses the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice to examine Saudi Arabian civil service employees' determinants of fairness in their performance appraisal system. A survey of 400 civil service employees in different public sector agencies in two major cities of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh and Jeddah, was conducted. Seven hypotheses were proposed and tested. The composite dependent variable was the "Perceived satisfaction and fairness of the performance appraisal system." Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Multiple regressions and T-tests analyses were used to

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L'Haroual, Mohamed. "Les enjeux de la justice marocaine." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10018.

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Thème brulant d'actualité et priorité nationale les enjeux de la justice marocaine ne peuvent être saisis qu'à la lueur du passé. Avant le protectorat occidental l'identité et l'esprit de tolérance de la justice s'exprimaient par le biais de son droit et de ses institutions judiciaires à caractère religieux. Le protectorat a brisé cette harmonie en découpant le territoire en plusieurs zones soumises à des institutions et à des droits européens différents coexistant avec le droit et les structures locales préexistantes. Le premier enjeu de la justice marocaine lors de l'indépendance a été de s'

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Xiang, Fang. "Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters between Hong Kong and the Mainland." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3370854X.

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Kam, Chun-keung. "The jury system : is it an ideal way to deal with complex serious crimes? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22032046.

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McIntosh, S. "Open justice and investigations into deaths at the hands of the police, or in police or prison custody." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15340/.

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Lord Neuberger describes open justice as a procedural principle requiring that "what goes on in court and what a court decides is open to scrutiny".1 The prime rationale typically given for this principle is that it is a safety check on the right to a fair trial, and so instrumental to the fulfilment of the justice purposes of criminal and civil justice processes. The thesis argues that such a conception of open justice only applies on a relatively superficial level to inquests into use-of-force deaths at the hands of the state. Rather it is clear that openness in these inquests is intrinsic t

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De, Sousa Linck Valéria. "Nouvelles stratégies en politiques criminelles : l’expérience brésilienne." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100143.

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Les nouvelles stratégies de répression et de prévention de la criminalité sont soumises à des multiples contraintes nationales et internationales dans un contexte de reconnaissance de nouveaux droits, d’accroissement des inégalités, de nouvelles manifestations de la criminalité, de nouvelles demandes de participation, de changement du rôle de l’Etat, d’urgence, d’efficacité gestionnaire, de flexibilité et de complexité. À partir de la recherche d’une nouvelle conformation de la justice pénale face aux droits de l’Homme, selon les contraintes normatives et les exigences pragmatiques liées au co

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Guilfoyle, Michael Hoag 1946. "Indians and criminal justice administration: The failure of the criminal justice system for the American Indian." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291683.

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The criminal justice administration has failed the American Indian. Since the usurpation of traditional tribal criminal justice management by the local, state, and federal criminal justice systems, the impacts of Indian crime have become epidemic. The American Indian has the highest arrest rates, alcohol-related crime, violent-related crime, and conviction rates of any group in the United States. Indians are 15% less likely to receive deferred sentences, and 15% less likely to receive parole. In addition, the Indian offender has the highest recidivism rate of any ethnic group in the United Sta

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Cox, Alexandra. "Young people's responses to juvenile justice interventions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610224.

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Wyvekens, Anne. "L'insertion locale de la justice pénale." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10015.

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Au carrefour de la nouvelle politique francaise de prevention de la delinquance et de la modernisation de l'institution judiciaire la justice penale est invitee a s'ouvrir sur son environnement local. Utilisant une double demarche - etude historico-juridique et analyse du discours des magistrats - , la these vise a montrer les origines, les difficultes et les multiples implications possibles de cette "insertion locale de la justice penale"<br>At the cross-roads of the latest french policy of crime preventio and of the modernization of the judicial institution, penal justice is invited to open

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Isaacs, Nthabiseng Rosalind Bertha. "Child justice: an analysis of the development of child justice reform in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020094.

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This dissertation addresses the developments of child justice in Botswana. The first ever child justice that was established is discussed with the aim to understand the influence it had on Botswana with regard to the nature of the proceedings and the founding principles of child justice and its application in the courts. International Conventions that have a bearing on the rights of children in Botswana, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice, the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juvenile

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Lam, Po-wan Debora. "Gender-bias in Hong Kong juvenile justice system." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42575539.

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Mourad, Mohammed. "L' indépendance de la justice au Maroc : contribution à l'étude du service public de la justice au Maroc." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D013.

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49

Gabriano, Gina. "The Determinants of Federal Spending for the Administration of Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279395/.

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Abstract:

This study develops and empirically tests a model of the determinants of federal spending for crime-fighting policies. An inter-disciplinary approach to building the model is utilized that merges ideas from budgeting, policy analysis and criminology. Four factors hypothesized to impact federal spending for the administration of justice are operationalized as eight variables and tested using ordinary least squares regression analysis on time series data. The factors hypothesized to impact federal spending in this area are economic constraints imposed on government spending, the ideological make

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Donley, Ryan Michelle. "Girls in the juvenile justice system." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=775.

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