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Journal articles on the topic 'Justice delivery system'
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1
Gulpham, Dr Shahanshah, and Ms Vinita Kewlani. "Heuristic Perspective Of Criminal Justice System: Questioning On Justice Delivery Procedure In India And Internal Security Threat." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 03, no. 06 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume03issue06-01.
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Heuristic is the problem solving method generally considers a way of shortcut solution of a particular problem in given time frame or deadline based on quick decision particularly in complex situation. Except boundary problems of our country, the remaining security problems always exist within the country. India may be facing internal security challenges in future on personal perspective existing group of fundamentalist. For example, various police encounters with heuristic perspective seems under passing the judicial process of delivering justice which may lead to the idea of injustice in individual in the victims perspective. So, intervening heuristic perspective in criminal justice system is in of pre trail situation can create a problem for stability of the democratic structure in which criminal justice system is the part of belief and trust for its citizen.
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Bhagawati, Kaushik, Kshitiz Kumar Shukla, Amit Sen, and Doni Jini. "A Unique Indigenous Justice Delivery System of Tribes of Eastern Himalayan Region of India." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 59 (September 2015): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.59.56.
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Almost all the tribes across the world have their own indigenous concept of rules, regulation and grievance redress system developed with the evolution of the community to maintain peace, justice and harmony. The indigenous people takes law as a way of life and understand it through experience and interactions. The objective of the current research was to study one unique justice delivery system to address non-criminal cases that cannot be dealt with normal procedure due to lack of evidence, witness and formal proof. The system is prevailing among the tribes of eastern Himalayan region of India. The phenomenological approach was used to study the system as it is in situ. The justice is delivered on the basis of unique system of decision making between two alternatives based on the shape of chicken liver. Involvement of spirituality and spirit make the system acceptable to both the complainant and defendant. The unique characteristic of the system is that it does not penalize the loser, instead the court pray for them and bless them for abiding the decision of the court in presence of the spirit. The justice delivery system aims to maintain harmony in the society as well as save the face of both the loser and winner. In the present system, the justice delivered may be not the just decision, but the loser accepts the decision considering it as the command of the god and spirit without keeping any grudges against the winner. The system demands participation of whole village irrespective of gender and ages, with fundamental aim of preserving the custom and hand down to the next generation.
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Mahibha, G., and P. Balasubramanian. "A Critical Analysis of the Significance of the eCourts Information Systems in Indian Courts." Legal Information Management 20, no. 1 (2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669620000092.
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AbstractTechnological developments and scientific innovations have enhanced the way people live and work. Courts are places where people seek justice and millions of cases across the globe are examined every day, and judgments are delivered. The courts system in India is on a vast and complex scale. The application and dissemination of information in India has been spreading at a faster pace over the past few decades. This has set the stage for the computerisation of courts to enhance transparency and efficiency in the Indian judicial system. The Indian sub-continent is a highly populated nation and from 2007 the government of India began implementing the eCourts Project as a citizen-centric initiative for expeditious and affordable justice delivery. This article analyses the various dimensions involved in the eCourts process and explains its significance in the justice delivery system in India. In also looks at the various challenges of implementing such a vast system across judicial system of India.
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Puffett, Neil. "Government youth justice review indicates move to a local system." Children and Young People Now 2016, no. 5 (2016): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2016.5.10.
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Interim findings of a review of the youth justice system outline plans to devolve delivery to local communities and organisations, but justice experts warn this could have far-reaching consequences for youth offending teams
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Coverdale, Richard. "Postcode Justice: Rural and Regional Disadvantage in the Administration of the Law." Deakin Law Review 16, no. 1 (2011): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2011vol16no1art98.
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The paper signposts a number of issues identified within the research project: Postcode Justice — Rural and Regional Disadvantage in the Administration of the Law. It highlights key areas in which regional Victorians experience disadvantage in access to justice system services in comparison to their metropolitan counterparts. Issues raised by interviewees and survey participants demonstrate inherent problems with the current delivery of justice system services, programs and processes in regional Victoria. Briefly explored within the paper is the relationship of ‘distance’ to the delivery of justice. The paper suggests that little consideration is given to the spatial disadvantage experienced by regional communities in the development of legislation or the implementation of justice system programs, practices and procedures. The paper also examines the Magistrates’ Court criminal court programs which embrace the principles of ‘problem solving courts’ and ‘therapeutic jurisprudence’. While they are important innovations, these programs have had limited roll-out to regional communities. In its conclusion the paper suggests that an independent and unified ‘voice’ is needed to ensure a genuine and informed response to the diverse areas in which inequity exists in the delivery of justice system services to regional communities.
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Ullah, Irfan, and Muhammad Adeel Khan. "Access to Justice: Comparative study of formal and informal dispute resolution mechanisms in district Swat, Pakistan." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 2, no. 2 (2021): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/2.2.8.
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Effective provision of justice remains essential for preventing wartime grievances into feuds and mass conflict in strengthening the state and improving accountability. It can lead to quick and cheaper resolution of disputes. This research focuses on evaluating the informal system of governance and justice delivery system in Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It evaluated the institutions of justice delivery (both formal and informal) in terms of structure, functions, and efficiency. The study reveals that informal mechanisms of dispute resolution is still preferred at large, despite the availability of formal institutions for this purpose. Majority of the respondents showed distrust on the formal institutions of justice delivery and dispute resolution across the sample population. This mistrust has been related to the ineffectiveness in terms of lengthy process of handling disputes of various types and the involved financial cost. Shariah and custom remained the preferred type of law to be adopted as compared to state law/statute for dispute resolution. The study concludes that state institutions of justice delivery and dispute resolution should work in collaboration with the informal institutions for effective provision of dispute resolution and justice delivery. A mixed method approach of depth interviews focus group and household survey is employed for collecting primary data.
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Ndanyenbah, Tijani Yakubu. "Perception of Justice Delivery in the Court System in Ghana." Beijing Law Review 15, no. 04 (2024): 2282–325. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2024.154127.
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Taxman, Faye S., Craig E. Henderson, and Steven Belenko. "Organizational context, systems change, and adopting treatment delivery systems in the criminal justice system." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 103 (August 2009): S1—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.03.003.
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Chaudhary, Dr Prakash N., Dr Vikas A. Barbate, and Adv Owi P. Chaudhary. "Issue of pendency of cases in Indian courts and way forward." YMER Digital 21, no. 02 (2022): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.02/29.
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Delay defeats the justice’ is the well-known saying in the legal arena. Indian judiciary is severely burdened due to large number of pending cases. Delay in justice delivery system creates sense of insecurity in the minds of citizens. Judiciary is one of the very important pillars of the democratic society to dispense the justice to the needy. “Justice Delayed is Justice Denied” is another fact of the society. There are various reasons of delay in disposal of cases in Indian Courts. Problem of pendency of cases is a matter of concern for entire judicial system in the Country. This article tries to identify the reasons of delay in disposal of cases in the Indian courts and suggest probable solutions to resolve the issue of pendency. Effective use of alternative disputes mechanism and proactive measures by all stakeholders to curb the delay in the legal proceedings would help to save time during the actual conduct of the case and justice delivery system can become more effective resulting into timely disposals of cases thereby ensuring faith of fellow citizens in the judicial administration
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Nuruzzaman, Md, and Humayun Kabir Talukder. "Organizational Justice and Employees Service Behavior in the Healthcare Organizations in Bangladesh: An Agenda for Research." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 6, no. 3 (2016): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v6i3.27614.
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Bangladesh is aspiring to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. In this regard, quality and efficient healthcare delivery have been regarded as a major challenge. Proper management of employees is crucial for service organizations like healthcare because in healthcare employees provide life saving services which make them unique from other non-health professionals. They directly interface with the patients or service seekers who make evaluative judgment of the quality of service delivered by the employees. Therefore, it is important that healthcare organizations (both public and private) comprehend specific organizational factors and issues that influence employees attitudes and behaviors, which ultimately affect their service behaviour at work. Drawing from the organizational justice principles and other management theories, this article presents a conceptual framework and a set of hypotheses regarding the relationships among distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice, employees citizenship behaviour, role prescribed behaviour and counterproductive behaviour for the healthcare organizations in Bangladesh. The purpose is to assist the policy makers and service providers in identifying desirable human resource management practices that healthcare organizations in Bangladesh should seek and engage in and at the same time, avoid undesirable practices in order to maintain optimum level of employee commitment, and citizenship behavior essential for ensuring quality and efficient service delivery to the communities. This article is theoretical but it has practical implications for the policy makers and service providers who are directly involved with service delivery system. It is also expected that the paper enriches the health service delivery literature and also advocates focusing on justice perspectives particularly in Bangladesh.
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Yoder, Jamie R., Kelly Whitaker, and Camille R. Quinn. "Perceptions of Recidivism Among Incarcerated Youth: The Relationship Between Exposure to Childhood Trauma, Mental Health Status, and the Protective Effect of Mental Health Services in Juvenile Justice Settings." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 1 (2017): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21305.
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Research suggests that youth involved the juvenile justice system have trauma histories that are two times higher than the general youth population. Juvenile justice-involved youth also have high rates of mental health symptoms. Fewer studies have examined how trauma links to mental health symptoms among youth offenders, and even less research focuses on how mental health status and service delivery can impact their perceived likelihood for success. This study examines the effects of mental health screening and service delivery on perceived future criminal justice interactions— arrest and incarceration—among adjudicated youth (n=7,073) housed in correctional facilities. Secondary data were used to examine trauma histories, mental health needs, and mental health screening and service delivery. Significant relationships between traumatic events and mental health problems were found, along with relationships between mental health problems and mental health screening and service delivery. Most interestingly, results pointed to the strong inverse relationship between mental health service delivery and youth’s perceived likelihood for recidivism. These findings show the promise of juvenile justice systems appropriately responding to the mental health concerns of youth.
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Thomas, Cecilia L., Catherine K. Medina, and Harriet L. Cohen. "Latino Voices: Service Delivery Challenges in Child Protective Services." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 91, no. 2 (2010): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3975.
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The status of the child welfare system suggests that changes are increasingly urgent in prioritizing the well-being for Latino children because of their disproportionate representation and limited access to service delivery. This qualitative study, using focus groups, explores this social justice issue by engaging Latino caseworkers’ voices regarding the ability of the delivery system to adequately serve this growing population of children and families. Examining these issues within a social justice perspective provides a powerful glimpse of the structural inequities for Latino families. Findings call for cultural competence that reduces the inequities and mandates knowledge and cultural awareness in accessing and coordinating services to Latino children and families.
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O’Mahony, David. "Criminal Justice Reform in a Transitional Context: Restorative Youth Conferencing in Northern Ireland." International Criminal Law Review 12, no. 3 (2012): 549–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181212x650001.
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This article examines the incorporation of restorative principles and practices within reforms of Northern Ireland’s youth justice system, adopted following the peace process. It considers whether restorative justice principles can be successfully incorporated into criminal justice reform as part of a process of transitional justice. The article argues that restorative justice principles, when brought within criminal justice, can contribute to the broader process of transitional justice and peace building, particularly in societies where the police and criminal justice system have been entwined in the conflict. In these contexts restorative justice within criminal justice can help civil society to take a stake in the administration and delivery of criminal justice, it can help break down hostility and animosity towards criminal justice and contribute to the development of social justice and civic agency, so enabling civil society to move forward in a transitional environment.
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Setijaningrum, Erna, Antun Mardiyanta, Bintoro Wardiyanto, and Suhaimi Abd Samad. "When Silence Speaks: Public Service Innovation, Village Authority, and the Negotiation of Traditional Justice in Rural Indonesia’s Youth Protection System." Social Sciences 14, no. 1 (2025): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14010022.
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Rural Indonesian villages are defined by unique institutional dynamics in public service innovation, one of which manifests in juvenile justice administration where traditional governance meets modern legal structures. These institutional arrangements position villages as sites of public service innovation at the intersection of competing normative orders, especially regarding youth protection standards and cultural practice maintenance. We address patterns of public service innovation and institutional adaptation in rural juvenile justice systems through the systematic analysis of practices across five villages in East Java. Through consolidating stakeholder interviews and justice proceeding observations, our analysis shows how communities innovate in public service delivery by negotiating between formal requirements and informal mechanisms while integrating distinctive legal traditions and maintaining institutional legitimacy across multiple domains. The examination identifies two central patterns in public service development. First, processes of normative integration emerge through systematic institutional synthesis where communities innovate service delivery approaches while preserving cultural coherence. Second, these innovation processes correspond to variations in resource distribution, traditional authority configurations, and state presence across geographic and social contexts. We document how unspoken institutional practices and innovative service arrangements shape justice negotiations between community and state spheres, particularly in mediating youth protection within traditional normative frameworks of public service delivery.
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Ezeihuoma, Obinna Paschal, and Genevieve Chimaoge Ebulum. "The Incarceration of Juvenile Delinquents with Adult Offenders in Nigeria: Any Criminogenic and Developmental Needs." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 5 (2023): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.105.14697.
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Over a century ago, the establishment and subsequent development of juvenile justice system presented a paradigm shift in handling of juvenile offenders. Some of the reforms brought out required changes to the level it is today, like enthronement of the rights of the juvenile through various landmark supreme court decisions in America (Marion & Oliver, 2012; Mallett & Tedor, 2019). Some other “major reform efforts in juvenile justice have focused on reducing the use of detention and secure confinement; improving conditions of confinement; closing large institutions and reinvesting in community-based programs; providing high-quality, evidence-based services for youth in the juvenile justice system; reducing racial/ethnic disparities; retaining most offending juveniles in the juvenile justice system rather than transferring them to the criminal justice system; improving delivery of defense services; and developing system-wide juvenile justice planning and collaboration” (National Academies of Sciences, 2013, p.241).
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Nikam, Rahul Jairam, and Nongthombam Bangkim Singh. "Legal validity of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) System in India and Indonesia." Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 14, no. 3 (2022): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202214308.
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Advancement in technology brought many inevitable changes with more efficiency, making human life easier. Benefit of technology shall be incorporated for effective and efficient justice delivery in dispute resolution mechanism. New development in this area is online arbitration dispute resolutions (ODR) which have been without doubt adopted and practices by justice delivery system across the globe. But the question remains the same as whether justice delivery system is equipped to cope up in the same pace with the changes taking place in the society and technology. Are the existing laws being enough to conduct online system as an effective mechanism to settle disputes among the parties? Keeping in context the preceding query, the present research resorted tracing the laws relevant to the use of ODR mechanism in India and Indonesia, as their present legal framework of arbitration addressing dispute resolution through the ODR mechanism lack specific laws. The present research adopts a mixed method using both primary and secondary data for tracing and comparison the ODR system in India and Indonesia. It is concluded that ODR deliverance are valid and enforceable in the present legal framework of both the countries. Therefore, people must not be doubtful while using ODR mechanism to settle their disputes. It also demonstrates that an ample scope is there in the existing laws of both the countries to accommodate and enhance the overall process and deliverance of ODR mechanism through amendments and separate guidelines.
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Varghese, Sheeba. "Access to Justice: How Far it is a Human Right?" GLS Law Journal 4, no. 1 (2022): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.69974/glslawjournal.v4i1.57.
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Access to justice is one of the constitutionally recognized fundamental and human rights. Access to justice means to reach justice easily by legally proceedings in appropriate time and place. Delivery of justice should be impartial, and also take all necessary steps to provide transparent, effective, fair and accountable service to all people irrespective of caste, colour, sex, religion, economic status etc that promote access to justice. legal aid programs and campaigns are a central component of strategies to enhance access to justice for every person. Access to justice is often used as a term for access to the formal institution of the legal system by those in search of a legal remedy either by individuals or collectively or constitutional challenges. It is essential today that the effectiveness of the rule of law should go hand in hand with access to justice. The Constitution of India has provided for Article 39A, Article 14, and Article 21 that guarantee the citizens the right to access to justice. Yet, access to justice as a human right remains problematic in international as well as national law. In this article, I explore the reasons why access to justice is not being delivered to many? The popular reasons include low level of awareness about the functioning of the legal system in India, high costs quoted by lawyers and delays in passing judgements that make it heavily inaccessible to justice.
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David A. Dawson. "Trust decay in the American healthcare delivery system." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 2 (2022): 072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.20.2.0318.
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This treatise examines the four main principles of biomedical ethics, i.e., beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, and their impact on the healthcare system and providers legally permitted to prescribe or recommend medicines in the United States. It defines the four principles of biomedical ethics and describes how failure to achieve them has contributed to trust decay in the United States healthcare delivery system over the last several decades, that is to say, medical mistrust. An illustrative case of conflicts will be presented that provides insight into whether protocols practiced by the healthcare delivery system to treat intractable pain conform to the principles of biomedical ethics. The increasing distrust in the American healthcare delivery system of two disparate minority populations will be examined. An illustrative case study of a disabled patient’s experiences with the standardized healthcare delivery system provides insight into healthcare delivery system administratively mandated policies that may violate the principles of biomedical ethics resulting in established medical protocols that require disabled intractable pain patients to succumb to an addiction disorder.
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David, A. Dawson. "Trust decay in the American healthcare delivery system." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 20, no. 2 (2022): 072–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7139470.
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This treatise examines the four main principles of biomedical ethics, i.e., beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, and their impact on the healthcare system and providers legally permitted to prescribe or recommend medicines in the United States. It defines the four principles of biomedical ethics and describes how failure to achieve them has contributed to trust decay in the United States healthcare delivery system over the last several decades, that is to say, medical mistrust. An illustrative case of conflicts will be presented that provides insight into whether protocols practiced by the healthcare delivery system to treat intractable pain conform to the principles of biomedical ethics. The increasing distrust in the American healthcare delivery system of two disparate minority populations will be examined. An illustrative case study of a disabled patient’s experiences with the standardized healthcare delivery system provides insight into healthcare delivery system administratively mandated policies that may violate the principles of biomedical ethics resulting in established medical protocols that require disabled intractable pain patients to succumb to an addiction disorder.
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Alieva, Kamola. "Legal reform and access to justice in Uzbekistan: a comprehensive approach through free legal aid." Общество и инновации 5, no. 1 (2024): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol5-iss1-pp229-240.
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This article explores the significant legal reforms and initiatives implemented in Uzbekistan aimed at enhancing access to justice and strengthening the rule of law. Since 2016, these reforms have included the ratification of international conventions, the introduction of free legal aid, and the development of clinical legal education programs. Notable advancements such as the 'MADAD' legal aid initiative and the 'E-SUD' e-justice system are highlighted as key tools in improving legal service delivery and judicial efficiency. While acknowledging the progress made in promoting gender equality and protecting vulnerable populations, the article identifies ongoing challenges in funding, public awareness, and service delivery. It concludes with recommendations for sustaining reform efforts and enhancing access to justice for all citizens of Uzbekistan.
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Haines, Kevin, and Stephen Case. "The Future of Youth Justice." Youth Justice 18, no. 2 (2018): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225418791416.
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What is the future for youth justice in England and Wales? In a current climate of divergence, normlessness and local variations, we explore reform recommendations and the impact of economic austerity on local Youth Offending Teams: a retraction of support/services, yet increasing oversight by non-specialist managers. Four emerging youth justice delivery structures are identified, followed by an assessment of what does not work in practice – punishment, system contact, treatment and offender-focused interventions. We conclude that ‘what might work’ to progress youth justice is expert analysis, specialist youth workers and Children First principles in a coherent, flexible national policy context.
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Dewah, Peterson, and Stephen Mutula. "The nexus between legal records and human rights in the justice delivery system." Information Development 32, no. 5 (2016): 1513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666915608679.
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Gopal, G. Mohan. "Evaluating the Impact of Judicial Reforms on Access to Justice in India." Indian Journal of Law 2, no. 5 (2024): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/ijl.v2.i5.55.
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Judicial reforms in India have been a central aspect of the country’s legal evolution, aimed at addressing issues such as delayed justice, judicial inefficiency, and lack of accessibility. This research paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of these reforms on access to justice. It examines the historical context of judicial reforms, the key reforms implemented over the years, and their tangible impact on the justice delivery system. Through case studies, statistical analysis, and critical discussion, the paper concludes with recommendations for future reforms.
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Legodi, Alex Lesiba, and Maoka Andries Dikotla. "E-docket system for improved administration and justice delivery in selected Limpopo province police stations." Journal of the South African Society of Archivists 55 (November 8, 2022): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsasa.v55i.3.
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This article analyses the factors considered as potential enablers of and hindrances to an optimal implementation of an e-docket system to improve dockets administration and justice delivery in selected police stations of the Limpopo province, South Africa. In the Criminal Justice System, of which the South African Police Service (SAPS) is an integral part, officials often struggle to conclude criminal cases because poor records management makes it possible for criminal officials to tamper with dockets or steal dockets usually managed manually in police stations. This study adopted a survey research design based on a quantitative research approach, with the use of questionnaires to collect data from police detectives in Limpopo police stations. One hundred questionnaires were distributed to collect data from the target population in six participating police stations, and 65 questionnaires were returned. The study identified some enablers of and significant hindrances to the implementation of the e-docket system called Integrated Case Docket Management System (ICDMS). On the positive side, the e-docket system enabled 24-hour access to and tracking of e-dockets, among others. However, many police officers had limited digital training and skills, which inhibited effectiveness and efficiency of the e-docket system. ICT tools were inadequate, resulting in frequently unavailable and slow network connectivity. These hindrances in Limpopo police stations negatively affected records management and justice delivery. To gain full return on investment in an effective e-docket system, the study recommended that top management support foster an enabling environment that reskills police officers and provides technical support for an optimal operation of an e-docket system for electronic records management.
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Arat, Gizem, and Narine Nora Kerelian. "Reshaping the social work education system toward cultural competency: The Hong Kong case." International Social Work 62, no. 1 (2017): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817725133.
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Hong Kong is a self-branded international city in Asia. Culturally competent service delivery for ethnic minorities is a nascent arena in the social work profession within the territory. This article attempts to depict the ways in which ethnic groups are situated within local social work practice, reviews the Hong Kong context of a culturally responsive social work profession, and proposes a framework for a more inclusive social work curriculum. In this framework on culturally competent social work education, the authors argue that social harmony and social justice are not mutually exclusive, calling for a (re)conceptualization of social harmony inclusive of social justice.
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Atreya, Alok, and Nuwadutta Subedi. "The Need to Strengthen Medicolegal System of Nepal : A Forensic Medicine Perspective." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 23, no. 01 (2025): 200–204. https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v23i01.5628.
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Forensic medicine offers important medical evidence for the purpose of criminal justice through examinations of victims, accused, and deceased. However, Nepal faces severe deficiencies in forensic services due to lack of trained specialists, which hampers justice delivery. Most medico-legal autopsies are performed by untrained doctors without forensic pathology expertise, who fail to recognize evidence. Facilities lack basic autopsy equipment, cold storage, and hygiene. Shortage of experts causes heavy workloads, which further affects the quality. There are also no guidelines for clinical forensic examinations. The poor state of mortuaries and flawed autopsies allow perpetrators to escape sentences. Urgent reforms like recruiting specialists, upgrading infrastructure, implementing forensic protocols, monitoring standards, and budget allocations are needed to strengthen Nepal’s medico-legal framework. The medico-legal system must leverage the expertise of local forensic experts by providing training, and career opportunities. Emphasis on forensics will be in the interests of justice, human rights and law. The time to act is now. Keywords: Autopsy; forensic medicine; medico-legal; Nepal.
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Whitehead, Philip. "Payment by results: the materialist reconstruction of criminal justice." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, no. 5/6 (2015): 290–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-10-2013-0100.
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Purpose – The criminal justice system in England and Wales is being reconstructed on a new operating platform of which Payment by Results (PbR) is the material signifier. This critical historic transformation is occurring during a period of radical economic disruption and political restructuring after 2007-2008. PbR signals the deeper penetration of the core principles of capitalism into the body of the state and its welfare and criminal justice system. Conceptually a Lacanian-Žižekian framework is put to work to theorise these important transformations. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The design and methodology of this research paper utilises open sources and documentary materials on the development of PbR, in its application primarily to the criminal justice system. Findings – There is evidence that PbR, located within the wider context of capitalist reconstruction, is radically transforming the delivery of criminal justice services. Originality/value – This is the first critical analysis of PbR located within the context of late modern capitalism.
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Moreno, Jonathan D. "Recapturing Justice in the Managed Care Era." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 5, no. 4 (1996): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100007386.
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If economics has been the “dismal science” of the past century, health policy promises to be that of the next. Health policy issues evoke far less passion than the emotion-laden immediacies of bedside decision making. Nevertheless, it is patent that “macro” issues in all their obscurity and complexity are unavoidable if the health care delivery system of the future is to be fiscally sound and publicly acceptable. In addition, as Americans are now learning, options for care at the bedside are ineluctably constrained by seemingly distant societal choices.
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Iwarimie-Jaja, Darlington, and Raimi Lasisi. "The Criminal Justice System as Enablement for Social Order in Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 17, no. 1 (2019): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/9102/71(0150).
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The place of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) in ensuring and sustaining social order in any country has been long established especially with the understanding that norms, rules, and laws act as social adhesives for society. However, some countries in the developing world seem to be grappling with significant challenges associated with criminal justice delivery as a consequence of the real and perceived inefficiency of the CJS in dealing with deviant issues. This to a large extent tend to undermine social order and by extension the collective conscience of the people. In Nigeria, criminal justice issues have attracted strong theoretical and practical affronts with the dominant perspective being that the poor are often denied justice in favour of the rich with adverse implications for social order. As a result, this paper examined the issue of the CJS in order to show how this affects social order in Nigeria. The paper adopts the content analysis method for data gathering and the qualitative approach to data analysis. Also, the Marxist Political Economy perspective is adopted as the theoretical framework as well as a complementary method of analysis. The paper submits that in a society like Nigeria where criminal justice is significantly defined by the politics of corruption, social order will be largely elusive and in its place, there will be an obvious consistency in criminal activities in the country. The paper recommends among others that the government should strengthen the criminal justice system and provide an enabling environment for it to function effectively if social order is to be achieved in Nigeria.
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Parwez, Zahid, Narayan Chandra Sarangi, and Dolly Jabbal. "Role of Judiciary in Protecting Witnesses in the Criminal Justice System: A Critical Analysis." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (2023): 2089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.2776.
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Witnesses are the eyes and ears of the Criminal Justice System. Witnesses being the only spectator of an offence are the indispensable aid in the Criminal Justice Delivery System but are yet at a vulnerable position that they turn victims at several instances. Starting from the investigation stage to the trial proceedings of the court witness assist the Court in every possible way to punish the accused person by deposing every relevant fact which can lead to a fair justice delivery and conviction of the accused person without getting any gain. Witnesses are often subjected to threatening, inducement, harassment, and different kinds of intimidation to them and also their family members. Due to this, in many cases due to lack of Witness Protection Laws the witnesses not getting adequate protection they become victims. Unlike the accused, the witnesses or victims have no rights for their protection. And when the state agencies fail to do their duty, as has often happened in many cases in the recent past, the witnesses turn out to be a victim and subsequently left to suffer injustice silently. Protection of witness is also one of the attributes of fair trial which is guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution of India wherein proper safety and security should be ensured. But due to lack of effective Witness Protection Regime and statutory framework for giving protection in our country the witness has lost confidence when it’s about their safety and security. This has also given rise to high acquittal rate and decrease in convictions in the justice administration system. The Judiciary has actively given importance for having witness protections Laws in India and at the same time has enumerated the duties of Witnesses towards the state when the state is providing protection.
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Mohammad Ikbal Hasan and Badsha Mia. "Initiation of Virtual Court System during COVID-19 Pandemic and E-Judiciary: Challenges and Way Forward." Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation 1, no. 1 (2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.daengku385.
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The Constitution of the people’s republic of the Bangladesh recognizes the right to protection of law and access to justice as fundamental rights. But the COVID-19 pandemic has, in effect, suspended the execution of these fundamental rights. The immediate impact of the pandemic has triggered courts across Bangladesh be shut to maintain social distancing. Third organ of the State cannot remain static during a crisis of this scale and duration. On this backdrop, the judiciary has started the operation of the virtual court system from May, 2020. Opening the doors to virtual courts, Bangladesh has joined a list of countries across the world where the justice system has similarly responded to the coronavirus-induced lockdown with increased digitalization. If the e-judiciary is introduced properly, reduction of the delay in the court process and elimination of the backlog of cases, which are the biggest challenge for the judiciary in our country, can be resolved rapidly. The virtual court would play a pioneering role in establishing e-judiciary. The Supreme Court of Bangladesh has taken an extraordinary test with the limited resources and digital infrastructures for carrying out virtual courts during this Covid-19 pandemic. The core objective of this study is to investigate the challenges of virtual court system in delivery of justice during COVID 19 pandemic situation and identify the way out to make the digital judiciary as permanent system for effective delivery of E-justice. The success of this noble initiative would largely depend upon ensuring technological support and legal requirements for e-courts and framing and implementing sound national policy and action plan for e-judiciary.
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Srinivas, V. "Board of Revenue for Rajasthan: Initiatives for Improving Justice Delivery System in Revenue Courts." Indian Journal of Public Administration 65, no. 1 (2019): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556118814965.
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Kamerman, Sheila B. "The Human Services Delivery System: Mental Health, Criminal Justice, Social Welfare Education, Health Services." Social Work 30, no. 1 (1985): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/30.1.83.
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Grudzinskas, Albert J., Jonathan C. Clayfield, Kristen Roy-Bujnowski, William H. Fisher, and Maurice H. Richardson. "Integrating the criminal justice system into mental health service delivery: the worcester diversion experience." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 23, no. 2 (2005): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.648.
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Mohamad, Ani Munirah, and Ibrahim Sule. "ICT-ENABLED APPLICATIONS FOR DECISION-MAKING BY THE COURTS: EXPERIENCES FROM MALAYSIA AND NIGERIA." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 6, no. 22 (2021): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631//ijlgc.6220018.
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In this era of internet-of-things whereby the ICT, internet, and other associated gadgets and technologies are tremendously affecting our lives, there is no gainsaying that these ‘disruptive’ technologies have contributed greatly to improve the pace of justice delivery all over the world. With the recent outbreak of COVID-19 all over the world, technological adoption has enhanced further. Within the context of the courts, many countries have embraced the use of ICT and the internet in their justice delivery system consequent upon which thousands of mobile phone applications and computer hardware and software are being developed. Court Rules were amended to provide for these changes and further institutionalise these changes. This conceptual paper provides insights and experiences on how ICT-enabled applications impact the decision-making processes by the courts in Malaysia and Nigeria. Hopefully, the paper would contribute to the body of knowledge on ICT adoption studies in general, and e-courts and e-justice systems in particular.
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Perera, W. N. S., A. M. Perera, S. Hulathduwa, and P. Paranitharan. "Artificial intelligence-driven digitization of legal system in Sri Lanka - A challenging approach." Sri Lanka Journal of Forensic Medicine, Science & Law 16, no. 1 (2025): 51–57. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljfmsl.v16i1.8040.
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The judiciary in Sri Lanka faces serious problems of case backlogs, resulting in inevitable delays in the delivery of justice. This paper considers the possibility of utilising computer technology and artificial intelligence (AI) as a method of overcoming this urgent problem. The introduction of AI-powered tools to study the digitised legal records helps to automate the administrative workload, manage the case flow through predictive analytics, and identify inefficiencies in the system. It aims to streamline the judicial process by ultimately improving the efficiency of Sri Lanka's legal system. Evidence for this proposal is derived from publicly available data, including Ministry of Justice reports and global best practices in digital legal systems. The paper highlights the feasibility of digitalising certain areas of the legal system and implementing AI-based solutions based on successful examples from countries like Australia, China, India, and Singapore. The expected outcomes include faster resolving of cases, reduced administrative burdens, and improved public trust in the legal system, ensuring all citizens have timely access to a more transparent criminal and civil justice system.
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Nakane, Ikuko. "Courtroom Discourse of the ‘Hybrid’ Japanese Criminal Justice System." Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2, no. 3 (2020): 110–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/jala.v2-i3-a5.
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In the Japanese courtroom, an adversarial orientation is often manifested in the ways in which prosecution and defence counsels each utilize discourse strategies to construct competing narratives, for example, by asking coercive negative questions in cross-examination. Alternatively, counsel’s attempt at building a convincing narrative is at times thwarted by the judge’s inquisitorial orientation to attempt to elicit ‘the truth.’ This paper aims to explore the discourse of Japanese criminal trials, drawing on an ethnographic study of communication in courtroom settings in Japan. The paper specifically focuses on how the hybridity of adversarial and inquisitorial orientations to the justice process are realized in courtroom discourse. Drawing on courtroom observation notes, lawyer interviews and other relevant materials as data, I analyze Japan’s ‘hybrid’ legal system through observing its trial genre structure, narrative construction processes and courtroom discourse strategies. Analysis suggests that blame, moral preaching and attribution of collective responsibility are sometimes incorporated into the process of questioning the defendant and witnesses in a court of law. Within this paper, the analysis of trial discourses reveals that while operating in the framework of adversarial principles, Japanese criminal trials also allow for a discursive practice particular to these courtroom settings which seeks to maintain moral and social order in Japan as a society that is structured on a hierarchical institutional power structure. The paper concludes that specifically designed language powerfully conveys the delivery and attainment of justice, where further research anthropological linguistic work can advance our understandings of the legal process, in Japan and beyond.
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Pratt, Bridget, Verina Wild, Edwine Barasa, et al. "Justice: a key consideration in health policy and systems research ethics." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 4 (2020): e001942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001942.
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Health policy and systems research (HPSR) is increasingly being funded and conducted worldwide. There are currently no specific guidelines or criteria for the ethical review and conduct of HPSR. Academic debates on HPSR ethics in the scholarly literature can inform the development of guidelines. Yet there is a deficiency of academic bioethics work relating to justice in HPSR. This gap is especially problematic for a field like HPSR, which can entail studies that intervene in ways affecting the social and health system delivery structures of society. In this paper, we call for interpreting the principle of justice in a more expansive way in developing and reviewing HPSR studies (relative to biomedical research). The principle requires advancing health equity and social justice at population or systems levels. Drawing on the rich justice literature from political philosophy and public health ethics, we propose a set of essential justice considerations to uphold this principle. These considerations are relevant for research funders, researchers, research ethics committees, policymakers, community organisations and others who are active in the HPSR field.
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Huang, Sofia, Sheena Gardner, Kaitlin N. Piper, et al. "Bridging Systems to Implement HIV/STI Programming Within the Juvenile Justice System: Strengths and Challenges of a Local Change Team Approach." AIDS Education and Prevention 32, no. 5 (2020): 432–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2020.32.5.432.
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Justice-involved youth are at risk for HIV/STIs but do not access services. The complex challenges of improving the delivery of health-related services within juvenile justice (JJ) settings warrant exploration of strategies to close this service gap. This study describes the successes and challenges of utilizing a local change team (LCT) strategy comprising JJ and health agency staff to implement HIV/STI programming in JJ settings, across six counties in six states in the U.S. Five focus groups comprising n = 28 JJ and health agency staff who served as LCT members were conducted. Results demonstrated the structured nature of the collaborative process and strength of commitment among LCT members were necessary for successful implementation of HIV/STI programming. The use of LCTs comprising membership of JJ and (behavioral) health systems has broader applicability to other health and behavioral health issues faced by youth on probation that JJ staff may feel ill equipped to address.
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Гурбанов, Рамин, and Ramin Gurbanov. "CEPEJ AS THE CONSULTATIVE BODY OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE, GRANTED WITH THE RESPONSIBILITY OF DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING COMMON STANDARDS IN THE SPHERE OF THE DELIVERY OF JUSTICE." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 6 (2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17114.
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The article is devoted to the work of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice, which is the consultative body of the Council of Europe and plays an important role in improving the justice systems of states — members of this regional organization. Byevaluating the quality of justice of the Council of Europe Member-States using own methods, CEPEJ determines problematic aspects of the functioning of the justice system of individual states and proposes ways to resolve them, thus making a significant contribution to the realization and protection of the human right to a fair trial enshrined in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
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Koshman, Andrii. "Perspectives for the Application of Remote Justice after COVID-19 Pandemic." NaUKMA Research Papers. Law, no. 9-10 (January 4, 2023): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-2607.2022.9-10.71-76.
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The article studies the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of information and communication technology while delivering justice. Rapid spread of SARS COVID-19, connected with the introduction of quarantine limitations and introduction of anti-epidemic measures greatly contributed to the development of electronic justice. The core reason for the misapprehension has been uncovered to determine the concept of electronic justice and its structure as well as the name and content of its separate elements. It also provides supporting points for the usage of the concept of remote justice on the national level, which is viewed as a separate element of electronic justice and envisages сase hearing and deciding with the help of information and communication technology without the mandatory presence at the courtroom. Previous research and court practice prove the controversial impact of remote justice on the parties’ rights and the justice efficiency. Attention is drawn to the importance of conducting scientific analysis of remote justice from the point of view of its unprecedented volume of implementation. A number of countries have adopted the system of holding remote court trials as a main form of hearing a case while other exceptions had to be conditioned. In such cases court hearings are delivered by means of audio or video conferences when the parties, their representatives, judges and court employees are outside the courtroom. In-depth study of the ways to carry out remote justice, analysis of its benefits and problematic aspects will give an opportunity to precisely assess the prospects of remote justice implementation on a regular basis particularly in Ukraine. The article justifies an idea that the assessment of the remote justice impact on the delivery of the personal right of the court protection should be carried out by means of adherence to and full implementation of constitutional principles of judicial proceedings. It is essential to characterize how completely the equality of the court trial parties is proved in front of the law and court during the remote delivery of justice; it is also applicable to the competitiveness of the parties, freedom to provide proofs to court, proving of them in front of the court, transparency of the trial etc. It has been concluded that the scientific analysis of opportunities which are provided by the independent implementation of constitutional concepts, which are held by remote justice will serve as a source of information to decide on the future volume and formats of implementation of this form of justice in Ukraine.
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Nur, Golam Mohammad, Md Redwanur Rahman, S. M. Shafiuzzaman, and Kamrun Nahar Soma. "Traditional Justice System of the Harijan Community in Rajshahi, Bangladesh." American Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 2 (2024): 62–69. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajds.v2i2.3831.
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The main objective of this research was to examine the characteristics of the traditional justice delivery system utilized by the Harijan community in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, and to illustrate its status along with the roles of judicial services within this community. The study focused on a Harijan colony in Rajshahi district namely the I.D. (Infectious Disease) Ambagan Harijan Palli. A mixed-method approach was employed, which included a social survey involving 110 heads of households using a semi-structured questionnaire to gather quantitative data. Additionally, qualitative data were collected through 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs), 10 key informant interviews (KIIs), and 1 focus group discussion (FGD). The findings indicated that a significant number of Harijan individuals had never engaged with the court or judiciary system, revealing a biased role of the Panchayat or Samaj in maintaining law and order, as they were unable to safeguard the Harijan community from attacks by influential individuals and outsiders. Nevertheless, the results also indicated that many Harijan people expressed satisfaction with their traditional justice system. Furthermore, the study identified various barriers that hinder access to the formal justice system. These findings are expected to serve as a valuable resource for government officials, NGO leaders, legal practitioners, and development professionals.
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Studts, Christina R., Martha Tillson, Erika Pike, and Michele Staton. "Adaptation of the NIDA Standard for delivery via Facebook with justice-involved women in rural Appalachia." Implementation Research and Practice 2 (January 2021): 263348952110141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26334895211014123.
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Background: Rising rates of intravenous drug use (IDU) in Appalachia have necessitated new approaches to providing risk-reduction interventions in a manner which will be acceptable and accessible to specific at-risk populations—particularly those with limited access to traditional evidence-based interventions. Using the ADAPT-ITT framework, the overall goal of this study is to adapt an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention—the NIDA Standard—to meet the needs of rural drug-using women post-release from jail. Methods: Through a series of focus groups with rural incarcerated women, theater-testing with members of the target population, and iterative refinements with topical experts, we aimed to identify potential adaptations to content and context to improve the fit, feasibility, and acceptability of the NIDA Standard for this population using social media. Results: Study findings confirmed the need for a preventive risk-reduction intervention targeting this population post-release. Adaptations to intervention content focused on adding, simplifying, and ensuring continuous access to content in the NIDA Standard. Adaptations to context included modifications to how the intervention will be delivered and by whom, including consideration of unique issues related to delivery using Facebook (such as privacy and confidentiality). Conclusion: The use of Facebook for delivery of the NIDA Standard may hold promise for increasing reach, acceptability, and feasibility of intervening with rural women with IDU released from jails, particularly when compared with traditional face-to-face sessions. With minor content adaptations to meet participant needs and preferences, plus multiple context adaptations to enhance accessibility and acceptability, the adapted NIDA Standard is intended to retain its original effectiveness while improving important implementation outcomes key to scaling-up and increasing public health impact. Plain Language Summary What is known about the topic? Injection drug use rates are high in rural Appalachia, and new approaches are needed to reduce the risk of HIV and HCV among injection drug using women involved in the criminal justice system in this region. While there are effective risk-reduction interventions for HIV and HCV, they are difficult to deliver in rural Appalachia and do not reach the women who need them. What does this paper add? This study describes the use of a systematic approach to improve the “fit” of an evidence-based intervention—the NIDA Standard—with the preferences and perspectives of injection drug using women involved with the justice system, aided by guidance from experts in a specific risk-reduction intervention (the NIDA Standard) and delivery of interventions using Facebook. Changes to the intervention to increase its acceptability and accessibility in this population included shifting delivery of the intervention to a closed Facebook group rather than in person; use of brief videos rather than written text to provide information; use of trusted local women to provide information through videos and Facebook posts; and inclusion of local information on community risk factors and resources. Implications for practice, research, or policy: The use of Facebook for delivery of the NIDA Standard holds promise for increasing reach, acceptability, and feasibility of risk reduction among rural injection drug using women released from jails. Next steps include testing the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of the adapted intervention in several rural Appalachian counties.
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Raisani, Asadullah, and Samra Hamid. "Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in Balochistan: A Comparison of the Traditional Justice System and the Judiciary – Way Forward." Journal of Excellence in Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (2024): 27–61. https://doi.org/10.69565/jess.v3i4.389.
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This study explores the Traditional Justice System (TJS) in Balochistan, known as Muchhi/Dewan in Brahui and Balochi and Jirga in Pashto, analyzing its history, structure, and role in delivering justice within the Baloch and Pashtun communities, and comparing it with Pakistan’s modern judicial system. Despite the introduction of a formal judicial system, TJS remains deeply trusted in rural areas, where people value its quick and culturally aligned resolutions. Historically resilient, TJS has adapted to changes, from colonial reforms to shifts in Pakistan’s legal landscape, yet challenges such as patriarchal bias and limited accountability persist. Using a mixed-methods approach, including historical analysis, case studies, fieldwork, and quantitative analysis, the study compares TJS with Pakistan’s formal judiciary, emphasizing their respective advantages and drawbacks. Findings suggest that while TJS is accessible and widely accepted, the formal system’s codified law offers procedural rigor. The study advocates for an integrated justice model that leverages both systems' strengths to improve accessibility, efficiency, and cultural relevance in Pakistan’s judicial framework. Recommendations include digitalizing court processes, expanding e-judiciary services to remote areas, and establishing community-based dispute resolution mechanisms within the formal judiciary, aiming to enhance justice delivery across diverse communities in Pakistan.
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Kiran, Yadav, and Singh Yadava Haricharan. "Protection of Child in India from Sexual Abuse With Special Reference to Pocso Act. 2012." RECENT RESEARCHES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 11, no. 4 (2024): 97–102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14841111.
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This research study is primarily focused on discovering various magnitudes of child sexual abuse forguaranteeing justice. India introduced the POCSO Act, 2012 to protect children from sexual assaults,sexual harassment and pornography and enabled special provisions such as the establishment of theSpecial Courts for speedy trials of these crimes. In this research endeavour, efforts have been put forthto review a plethora of court judgments related to child sexual abuse cases to evaluate the execution ofvarious provisions of the special enactment and their impact on the delivery of justice. The threeprongedaims of the study include: (i) To study the retort of the criminal justice system to Child SexualAbuse Cases. (ii) To Study the functioning and impact of the POCSO Act, 2012, and (iii) To recognizepolicies to boost justice by exercising legal provisions.
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Bhattarai, Lokindra Hari. "Shifting of Governance and Justice: A Reference of Nepal." Molung Educational Frontier 10 (December 31, 2020): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mef.v10i0.34078.
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Governance is the exercise of the political, economic, social, and administrative authority to manage the nation’s affairs. Power and justice strengthen systems to support human rights, peace, unity, democracy in the country. The governance system in Nepal since the ancient period of Kirats, Lichhavis, Mallaslaid in Hindu Religion, Ved, Mundhum, Shmritis, Manab Nyayasastra, and order of the Kings. At the beginning of the modern period, after the unification of modern Nepal from Shahs, Ranas, Panchayat till the youngest republican democratic state, justice and governance make the Nepalese authority more accountable, transparent, inclusive, efficient, and participative. From the ancient to the modern times, governance emphasizes interactions between state, and social actors and among people representative themselves. Shift from Dharmasastra to judiciary and other ADR procedures since the ancient to the modern period are/ were the primary methods to govern the state. The paper aims at presenting several dimensions to analyze paradigm shift of governance and justice system from ancient period till dates where the journey from Dharmasastra to the rule of law, independent judiciary, and people’s supremacy. It highlights justice delivery in Nepal, which has slowly and gradually integrated into a centrally administered national judicial system.
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Singh, Subodh K., and A. Nagarathna. "Impact of Forensic Technology on Justice Delivery System in India: Issues Relating to DNA Fingerprinting." Indian Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 10, no. 3 (2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.0974-4487.10.3.023.
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Molaiwa, Andrew. "Municipal Courts and Environmental Justice in South African Local Government." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (July 8, 2021): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a8990.
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Environmental injustice is part and parcel of the fundamentals of international and domestic environmental law. In South Africa, section 2(4)(c) of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (NEMA) establishes environmental justice (EJ) as part of the environmental management principles to direct decision-making. This is particularly relevant because of the country’s legacy of continuing environmental injustices and inequalities, especially concerning natural-resource dependent services and benefits. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 further establishes a developmental local government (DLG) of which the objects are to ensure a safe and healthy environment, sustainable delivery of services, promotion of social and economic development as well as public participation in decision-making. These objects are complemented by section 24 environmental right in the Bill of Rights. 
 Municipal service delivery of water and sanitation, electricity, land matters and municipal health, should supplement, not compromise the state of local communities' environment and access should be equal. The absence of the latter may result in the form of environmental injustice as has been described by authors such as Bullard, McDonald and Schlosberg. In the event of service delivery-related environmental injustices, it is to be expected that communities must have remedial options available. One of which may be accessible to the judicial system. 
 Therefore, this paper focuses on and explains the role that Municipal Courts specifically may play in fortifying the relationship between municipal service delivery and improved grass-root level environmental justice in South Africa. The underlying question is whether such courts can be agents of (environmental) change where local communities are exposed to environmental harm as a consequence of the failure of municipal services or the environmentally harmful actions of other community members or local industries.
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McDowell, Jean. "The Ethical Neutrality of Prospective Payments: Justice Issues." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 5, no. 4 (1996): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100007465.
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The U.S. healthcare system has been subject to unprecedented scrutiny over the past three years; one of the results of this scrutiny has been recognition of the serious problems that exist in both healthcare delivery and reimbursement mechanisms. While the verbal debate in Washington has essentially ceased, within the healthcare community a historic shift has taken place in the way healthcare reimbursement is structured: increasingly, traditional fee-for-service reimbursement methods are being replaced with capitation reimbursement methods. While this phenomenon originated on the West Coast, it has spread to all geographic sectors of the United States in varying degrees and can be expected to dominate the funding patterns of healthcare over the next decade.
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Islam, Mohammad Saidul. "Efficiency and Effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution Schemes Towards the Promotion of Access to Justice in Bangladesh." IIUC Studies 8 (September 10, 2014): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v8i0.20405.
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In recent years in Bangladesh there has been renewed emphasis on the Alternative Dispute Resolution schemes as a means to avoid the use of contested hearings in the formal litigation and to ensure the most fundamental right of access to justice for all in an easy way. These Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) modalities are considered as less likely to fuel the parental conflicts, more likely to induce the parties to resolve their conflicts in an amicable manner preserving the future relationship between the parties and reducing cost, delay and loss of energy to a significant extent. Following the considerable advantages of ADR almost every county of the world has introduced ADR system in its justice delivery system which has paved the way to the promotion of access to justice indiscriminately for all. This paper is an attempt to provide a comprehensive idea about obstacles in the way of access to justice in our legal system and by analyzing the different mechanisms of ADR and court and non-court based practices of those modalities under different legislations of Bangladesh, to show the fairness, efficiency and effectiveness of ADR towards the promotion of access to justice and to provide some recommendations for the complete success of ADR towards the effective, non-discriminative, speedy and easy access to justice for all either rich or poor, literate or illiterate, male or female and elite or lower class. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v8i0.20405 IIUC Studies Vol.8 December 2011: 95-112