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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Justice Intervention'
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Madakou, Anna. "Intervention before the International court of justice /." Genève : l'auteur, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34945238r.
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Stephenson, Henry A. "The justice of preventive war /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FStephenson.pdf.
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Stephenson, Henry Alan. "The justice of preventive war." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1183.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedIn response to the 9/11 attacks and continuing threats of mass-casualty terrorism, the United States has adopted a new security strategy that emphasizes anticipatory actions including preventive war. Prevention, undertaken in the absence of an act of aggression or an imminent threat, is prohibited by modern conceptions of just war and international law. Many critics of the strategy fear that any legitimization of preventive war would endanger international stability. But an examination of the relevant ethical issues from the perspective of just war doctrine reveals contradictions within a blanket prohibition of preventive war. Preventive "strategic interventions" against illiberal regimes-states that correlate with the threats of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction-parallel humanitarian interventions in that they have an ethical basis in the relationship between human rights and the right of state sovereignty. A widely-accepted minimum standard of human rights, incorporated into new international institutions and/or an explicit revision of the definition of just war, could serve as an ethical boundary for both preventive wars and humanitarian interventions. The formal qualification of prevention and its merger with humanitarian goals could bring enhanced international legitimacy and support to preventive actions by the United States and its allies.
Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy
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Pinzón, Salcedo Luis Arturo. "Exploring justice in professional mediation : a systemic intervention in Colombia." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6913.
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This thesis explores how an action research approach based on a critical systemic perspective can benefit the practice of mediators in dealing with issues of justice during mediation processes. First, methodological reflections on critical systems thinking are presented, and a new development is proposed based on the ethics of Levinas. Also, a new synergy of methods and tools is developed. This brings together boundary critique, action science, statistics, system dynamics, alternative dispute resolution games, and interviewing. A description is then provided of how the methodology was used at a Colombian mediation centre. Here, the staff members and the author began the transformation of their professional mediation practice by reflecting on alternative perspectives on how they currently deal, and might deal in the future, with issues of justice. A critique was developed of several basic assumptions that are deeply ingrained in the mediation literature of the English speaking countries of the western world - in particular, that disputants are primarily concerned with their own private interests, and that mediation should therefore be considered successful if these interests are satisfied. In the mediation centre studied, most disputants prioritised justice principles over personal gain. Additionally, a new way of organising the interpretations of mediation presented in the literature is developed that can help mediation practitioners to be more conscious of the assumptions informing their professional practice. Finally, drawing upon both a literature review and the action research results, reflections are provided on the relevance of the notion of justice to mediation practice.
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Penman, Mark. "Diversion and intervention within the Children's Hearings System." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3442.
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Using longitudinal data from the Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Crime and findings from qualitative interviews, it was found that the Children's Hearings system, in relation to young people referred on offending grounds, had no significant effect on the levels of self-reported offending in those referred to the Children's Hearings system, compared with a matched sample who had no contact with the system. In addition, no differences were found between a smaller matched sample who were placed on a Supervision Requirement and those with no contact with the system. The interventions provided within Supervision Requirements are argued to be ineffective and do not reflect the contemporary literature on effective practice. Interactions with the Children's Hearings system were not found to support labelling or deterrence theories. However, the gatekeeping practices of the police appeared to be biased and labelling in effect. The diversionary approach of the Children's Hearings system was supported through the finding that the majority of cohort members desisted from offending without requiring formal measures. It is argued that the functioning of the system could be improved by diverting more young people with offending behaviours prior to their referral to the Reporter (on the basis of their low risk and low levels of criminogenic needs). The small number of high risk offenders with high levels of criminogenic needs, who are unlikely to desist naturally, should receive structured interventions that reflect current findings in relation to effective practice.
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Malcolm, Claire. "Being and becoming : humanitarian intervention and the constructed duty of justice." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54967/.
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Debates concerning international justice are now integral to the discipline of international relations. Among the most pressing of these ethical and legal dilemmas is the matter of whether the use of force can be justified for humanitarian purposes, or for the protection of human rights. Although a wealth of theorists have taken aim at this issue, it is the contention of this thesis that only the 'ontology of becoming' (an idea which is traced through all branches of constructivist theorising) boasts the conceptual and analytical force to successfully and thoroughly appraise the relationship between humanitarian intervention and international justice. In developing this claim, this thesis seeks to hybridise constructivism with a number of other theories which employ the arguments associated with the ontology of becoming, including: cosmopolitanism, communitarianism, solidarism and feminism. The purpose of this process is to demonstrate the ways in which this branch of international relations theory can both enrich, and be enriched by an account of what might be thought of as a 'constructed duty of justice'. Ultimately, this thesis asserts that adherence to the requirement of institutional feasibility dictated by the ontology of becoming necessarily limits the agenda for the reform of international society. However, those normative developments which can withstand the restrictions brought to bear by the consensual nature of international politics do provide the means for international society to advance, albeit incrementally and inconsistently, toward an increasingly prominent role for considerations of justice.
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Dennis, Kelly Sullivan. "Clinical Social Workers' Use of Computer-mediated Intervention and Social Justice." Thesis, Fordham University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10743852.
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The aim of this study was to explore how clinical social workers use computer-mediated intervention, as well as, how they incorporate, if at all, the social justice framework in their practice. A qualitative dominant mixed method design using a phenomenological approach was used. The 28 participants in the sample were recruited using purposeful, convenience sampling with criterion and snowball-sampling techniques. The sensitizing concepts of computer-mediated intervention and social justice were measured using the Internet-based Survey including the self-developed questionnaire Computer-mediated Intervention and Social Justice and the Social Justice Attitudes Subscale (Torres-Harding, Siers, & Olsen, 2012). More in-depth data was acquired through semi-structured interviews, which were conducted through video or telephone conference. The findings suggest that a foundational commitment to social justice plus the increased use of technology within clinical practice contribute to the promotion of social justice.
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Bebawy, Nadia A. "The Combined Effects of Criminal Justice Intervention on Domestic Violence: A Re-Analysis of the Minneapolis Intervention Project." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0702103-233910/unrestricted/BebawyN07172003f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0702103-233910. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Pumariega, Andres J., Udema Millsaps, Michele R. Moser, and Pat Wade. "Matching Intervention To Need in Juvenile Justice: The CASSII Level of Care Determination." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4965.
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Background: The process of level of care (LOC) determination has been traditionally fraught with unreliability and lack of objectivity. There is a similar need for reliable objective LOC determination tools for youth in the juvenile justice systems, which have high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and unmet mental health needs and are disproportionately from minority backgrounds. The CASII has already demonstrated significant interrater reliability and validity in studies with mental health and child welfare populations.
Method: In 2004 and 2005, the Tennessee CPORT team reviewed 206 youth in the juvenile justice system ages 13 and older, 92.8% male, with 37.4% Caucasian, 55.8% African American. Instruments used included the CASII, CAFAS, CBCL, YSR, TRF, and the CPORT Child and Family Indicators.
Results: There was a significant correlation between all of the CASII subscales and the CAFAS Total Scores (Pearson coefficients 0.210 to 0.618). The CASII Total Score and the CASII LOC were both highly correlated to CBCL, the YSR, and the TRF total scores and sub-scales. Significant correlations between the CASII LOC were found in 10 of the 13 CPORT Child and Family Indicators, while actual LOC placement was significantly correlated with only 4 of the 13 dimensions. The actual LOC placement was significantly different than recommended CASII LOC (p < 0.0000), with the majority of recommended LOCs being lower.
Conclusions: This LOC tool is demonstrating high levels of reliability and validity in different systems of care settings, including juvenile justice, child welfare, and mental health contexts. Use of the CASII could result in significant savings in resources that could be used to provide services for adolescent offenders, and in reduction in unnecessary restrictiveness of placements.
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Payne, Tamika L. "Domestic Violence Recidivism: Restorative Justice Intervention Programs for First-Time Domestic Violence Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3819.
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Domestic violence impacts millions of Americans annually and, in spite of the use of rehabilitative programs, recidivism in domestic violence continues to be more likely than in any other offense. To date, batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have not proven to be consistently impactful in reducing recidivism in cases of domestic violence. The purpose of this quasi-experimental, quantitative study was to examine differences in recidivism for first-time male domestic violence offenders who have participated in a BIP and a more recently developed alternative: victim-offender mediation (VOM). The theories of restorative justice and reintegrative shaming frame this study to determine if offenders take accountability for their actions and face the victim in mediation, there can be a reduction in recidivism. Archival data from records of first-time male, domestic violence offenders, between the ages of 18 and 30, who participated in either a VOM or BIP in a county in the Midwest were examined for recidivism 24-months postintervention, and analyzed with an ANCOVA analysis while controlling for age. The findings revealed no significant difference in recidivism for first-time male offenders 24-months post participation in a BIP or a VOM intervention while controlling for age F (1,109) =.081, p = .777. The findings provide support for the notion that restorative justice interventions may be an additional intervention used in cases of domestic violence deemed appropriate for the intervention. The findings from this study can add to the body of research examining interventions to address the high recidivism in cases of domestic violence, which impacts victims, offenders, and communities.
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Gillon, Fern. "Early and effective intervention (EEI) in Scottish youth justice : benevolent principles and unintended consequences." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30651.
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Scotland has a distinctive youth justice system founded on the welfare ethos of Kilbrandon and the unique Children's Hearing System. The most recent addition to the youth justice landscape is the Whole System Approach and of primary concern to this research, Early and Effective Intervention (EEI). EEI a multiagency decision making process which takes a holistic, child-centred approach to offending by children and young people; views offending as a potential wellbeing concern and aims to act in a timely, effective and proportionate way. While its use in practice has increased, scrutiny of the process is scarce. Applying a modified grounded theory methodology, this research examines how and why decisions are made at EEI and its potential impact, exploring practice in three case study locations. The research makes an original contribution to knowledge as it provides an expose of EEI decision making in practice, which then provides the opportunity to consider implications which arise from that practice. The findings reveal inherent complexities and tensions between the intentions and practice of EEI on the ground. Applying social control theory, the potential impact of these tensions are considered in relation to outcomes for young people, practitioners and the wider youth justice system. The researcher argues that EEI represents an extension of the formal youth justice system, where the stated benevolent intentions on the part of practitioners through diversion and addressing wellbeing are met; but that net-widening, up-tariffing and boundary blurring to the detriment of rights are present and unavoidable. The system may be producing the outcomes which it aimed to avoid, particularly for groups already considered 'the usual suspects'. The research concludes that the inherent tensions in EEI, representative of wider youth justice system tensions, must be acknowledged by actors at various levels of the Scottish Youth justice system; scrutiny applied to both practice and underlying concepts; and a consideration of a truly diversionary, rights-based and inclusive system required for those involved in offending or who come into contact with the formal youth justice system.
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Taylor, Drew. ""We Are All Collateral Damage": Understanding Nuclear Family Members' Experiences of Criminal Justice Intervention." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40409.
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Historically, “offender”-focused discourses have dominated the field of criminology while overlooking those family members who become subject to justice intervention by virtue of their familial bonds. In this qualitative study, unstructured interviews were conducted with eight nuclear family members of criminalized persons in Ontario and Quebec. Participant accounts reveal that the interviewed family members self-imposed significant moral and legal responsibilities for their relatives following criminal justice intervention and simultaneously experienced negative role re-evaluation driven by feelings of guilt, failure, and self-blame. Participants’ inherent lack of control over their criminalized relatives’ behaviours and the criminal justice system’s decisions exacerbate negative impacts of criminalization on non-criminalized relatives’ self-concepts. This lack of control increases the stress of criminal justice intervention while straining family resources. When relatives are justice-involved for prolonged period, the family becomes stuck in a constant state of stress and uncertainty, which may have lasting consequences on the family if left unmanaged. Criminal justice intervention as a disruptive event then reconfigures the family in ways that often leave lasting impacts on nuclear family relationships.
This thesis engages with Boss’ (1999, 2006) theory of Ambiguous Loss to analyze participants’ experiences and demonstrate the consequences of criminalization on various nuclear family members in a Canadian context. To mitigate certain limitations of Boss’ (1999, 2006) theory, criminal justice intervention is first defined as a disruptive event that transforms family members’ known realities into threatening and uncertain environments. This thesis then explores the stress and strain that justice intervention places upon the family and applies the theory of Ambiguous Loss to understand criminalization as a source of ambiguous loss. Further, this thesis expands the scope of Boss’ (1999) theory beyond the experiences of certain populations (i.e. children of incarcerated parents) and discovers the limitations of this theory in the context of criminological research. It also opens the door for future research to apply this theory to criminalized populations.
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NASH, JULIA CHRISTINE. "EARLY INTERVENTION AS A CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGY: ASSESSING THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148064221.
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Santatzoglou, Sotirios. "The domination of minimum intervention: juvenile justice practice in England and Wales during the 1980s." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494710.
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Richardson, Norma L. "The Juvenile Justice System: An Analysis of the Effectiveness of a Juvenile Delinquency Intervention Program." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2014. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/8.
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Juvenile delinquency in the nation’s cities, suburbs, and rural communities has been considered a longstanding problem with severe implications for not only youth offenders but their families and communities as well. The source of juvenile delinquency has been attributed to a number of factors including the breakdown of the family, antisocial behavior as a result of the child’s environment, and rapid urbanization of America’s cities. No matter the source, the problem of juvenile delinquency has been addressed by a variety of stakeholders including law enforcement agencies, community organizations, and school systems with the purpose of diminishing the problem. The current climate of juvenile justice reform is shifting toward prevention and intervention, rather than complete suppression by way of detainment. According to the theoretical framework applied to this study, a consideration for understanding forms of deviance relates to social controls and the presumption that conformity is not intrinsically accepted, but is the result of internal and external motivations or factors.
This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Youth Against Violence (YAV) program, which focused its efforts on reducing juvenile delinquency in the community and assisting youth to meet bond conditions in order to reenroll in traditional public schools. Participants were referred to the YAV program by court order, school referral, or parent/self referral for participation in an 8-week intervention and prevention program to help rehabilitate offenders for the purpose of successful re-entry into the community and completion of their education in public schools.
To determine program effectiveness, this study utilized several independent variables including parental involvement, participant demographics, gang membership/affiliation, program curriculum, frequency of contact with law enforcement, family history with law enforcement, and extended family support. These variables were selected to measure participants’ perception of YAV program effectiveness. This mixed method analysis utilized participant surveys, focus groups with former participants, parents of former participants, and interviews with YAV personnel.
The research concludes by identifying the significant relationships between the dependent and independent variables revealed in descriptive and correlative statistics. The research also discusses the emergent themes related to program effectiveness that were identified in qualitative analysis. Finally, the research provides recommendations for program practice, juvenile justice policy, and future rehabilitative and reentry research based on the research findings to assist practitioners with the development of prevention and intervention programs that can effectively deter youth from engaging in delinquency.
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Phillips, Alexis. "The theoretical perspective of restorative justice as a bullying intervention : evidence from a UK population." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019907/.
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Bullying is a significant problem faced by all schools in the UK, with a negative impact on all involved. Interventions based on Restorative Justice are currently used by a number of schools in the UK to tackle bullying. The theoretical perspective of Restorative Justice as a bullying intervention suggests that victims, bullies, bully/victims and nonbullies/nonvictims differ according to how they manage feelings of shame in response to causing harm and according to their feelings about school. In addition, it argues that the use of Restorative Justice interventions can reduce these differences helping those involved to manage their feelings of shame adaptively and feel supported by the school community. This research aimed to test the theoretical perspective of Restorative Justice as a bullying intervention. A mixed methodology was used, with each strand focusing on a distinct component. In the first strand a questionnaire was completed by 222 pupils (aged between 12 and 14 years), which gathered information on bullying behaviour, shame management and variables associated with feelings about school. This was subjected to statistical analysis to explore differences between the bullying groups on these measures. In the second strand semi-structured interviews were completed with 8 pupils (aged between 12 and 15 years) who had taken part in a Restorative Justice mediation in response to a bullying incident. A thematic analysis was completed on this data to consider the outcomes of the intervention from the 2 pupils' perspective and whether this was commensurate with that predicted by the theoretical perspective of Restorative Justice. The results of the questionnaire supported the theoretical perspective of Restorative Justice, with differences found between the different bullying groups in terms of shame management and feelings about school. Interviews with pupils who had experienced the interviews, however, suggested that the intervention was not working as predicted by the theoretical perspective. Pupils were not experiencing shifts in shame management and feelings as part of the school community as a result of the intervention. Although not working as suggested by the theoretical perspective of Restorative Justice, interviews with the participants did identify positive outcomes for those involved, with the majority reporting that the bullying stopped after the intervention. It is argued, that if carefully monitored, bullying interventions based on Restorative Justice could offer a different perspective for managing bullying situations in schools.
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Collett, Jessica L. "Third Party Intervention and Relationship Outcomes: Extending Social Exchange Theory Through the Incorporation of Intermediaries." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195532.
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Most dispute resolution is between employers and employees, family or friends, neighbors, and other groups who have continued contact after they leave the courtroom, mediator's office, or agree to contract terms. Because of such ongoing relationships, a vital component of any kind of dispute resolution is how conflicting parties feel about each other after the process is over. Although previous conflict resolution research focuses primarily on the perceived fairness of the third-party, process or outcome, my dissertation centers around how the two parties engaged in the process perceive each other and their relations. Specifically, I ask how intermediaries' intervention in a resolution process affects disputing individuals' perceptions of fairness of one another, general positive regard toward one another, and predictions for positive future interactions with one another.I explore the relationship between third party intervention and such relationship outcomes using two experimental methods, vignettes and laboratory research. In each experiment I vary the level of third party intervention (high, low, absent), while holding dispute resolution outcomes constant, and then measure disputants' perceptions of one another. I also test three potential intervening mechanisms for the relationship between intervention and perceptions - procedural fairness, situational attributions, and salience of conflict.Results indicate that third party intervention does affect perceptions disputants' have of one another and that such results vary based on the method used. In the vignettes, the method typical of research in third party intervention, intervention is negatively related to perceptions of the other party. However, the opposite is true in the laboratory experiment. The results from the laboratory suggest that third party intervention is positively related to perceptions of the other party and that both the increased likelihood of situational attributions and decreased salience of conflict with high third party intervention partially explain this relationship.Implications of these results, and potential areas of future research, are discussed.
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Aitchison, Andrew S. "Making the transition : international intervention, state-building and criminal justice reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1995-2005." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55701/.
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This thesis explores ten years of international intervention in criminal justice reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) from 1995 to 2005. BiH is taken as an example of a country undergoing multiple transitions following its secession from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: through conflict to peace from authoritarian government to democratic multi party government and from a particular model of a socialist command economy to a more open, market oriented economy. An account is given of the state of three criminal justice sectors (policing, criminal courts, and prisons) as they emerge from a period of authoritarian, socialist government and from a period of violent conflict. Subsequently reform oriented interventions carried out by a range of international actors, including some with executive power within BiH, are examined for evidence of the role of criminal justice reform in state-building exercises and the impact of the demands of state-building objectives upon different criminal justice sectors. The thesis looks at the work of the United Nations, the European Union, the Council of Europe, the UK Department for International Development, and the Office of the High Representative and its associated bodies in the various sectors where they have been active. The different resources on which they can draw, and their particular working methods, are discussed in an examination of their interaction with the specific local policy context of BiH and its multiple levels and institutions of government. Given the presence of policy actors from around the globe, consideration is given to the question of whether this facilitates policy transfer, legal transplants, or lesson drawing. Potential examples of such borrowing are examined, showing that borrowing in a context of multi-national intervention can allow for the mixing of internationally and domestically derived models of procedure and practice.
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Yan, Jiahui Weagley Robert O. "A multidisciplinary study on juvenile recidivism and multilevel impacts risk factors, neighborhood features, and juvenile justice intervention /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6128.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Robert O. Weagley. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sackett, Kate Louise. "Intimate Partner Violence Impact Panels for Batterer Intervention: a Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Restorative Justice Process." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4080.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an extremely prevalent and concerning social issue, with limited current intervention and prevention strategies. Batterer intervention programs (BIPs) have demonstrated some small effects of programs in reducing offender recidivism, however there is a growing understanding that not all offenders respond similarly to batterer intervention and the problem of IPV persists. Restorative justice programs including impact panels may be an important addition to BIPs, but research is extremely limited on impact panel effectiveness and whether panels are appropriate for IPV or pose additional safety risks to survivors. The current study consists of a naturalistic mixed-methods evaluation of the use of IPV impact panels in the context of batterer intervention. Data collection methods include an ethnographic inquiry of the program setting and participant experiences, archival data analysis of offender responses to the panel (N = 287), and focus groups (k = 4) with survivors, offenders, and BIP providers to investigate the panel's impact on survivors and offenders and generate potential indicators of panel outcomes for survivors and offenders. Findings suggest that panel impacts on survivors include reaching new understandings, healing, and empowerment; panel impacts on offenders include connection with survivor speakers, reaching new understandings, and healing. Implications, limitations, and future aims of this program of research are discussed.
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Ritzman, Matthew Elwood. "Human Resource Professionals and Workplace Bullying: A Systems Approach to Performance Improvement Intervention in Criminal Justice Agencies." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1415354439.
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Schwartz, Abegail Faraja. "A social justice approach for counselling psychology in South Africa: lessons from a collaborative action research intervention." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5233.
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In the past decade, increased attention has been paid to the changing role of counselling psychology in South Africa. The aim of this study is to contribute to the debates about the social responsiveness, scope and focus of the field. The following research question was formulated: What lessons about a social justice approach can a counselling psychologist learn from a youth unemployment community engagement activity? Through engagement with a group of unemployed young people about their status and exploring the role that a counselling psychologist might take, a collaborative action research approach was employed. Data were generated through collaborative action research cycles, semi-structured interviews, social media communications and the researcher’s reflective journal. Template analysis was used to make sense of the data and generate preliminary themes. Process findings illustrated the supportive and constraining role of the academic research process, the time frame and the characteristics of the target group. The content-related findings illustrated the impact of contextual and demographic factors on the participants’ unemployed status. The findings confirmed the negative effect of unemployment on psychological well-being despite support from family, friends and community members. Factors such as education and socioeconomic status influenced the job seeking behaviour of participants and although participants were aware that societal change is needed, there was evidence of internalised self-blame. Recommendations emphasise the inclusion of relevant social justice models for the context of South Africa in the training of counselling psychologists; and a pressing need to engage in micro-, meso- and macro-level advocacy to collaboratively debate the identity and scope of practice of the profession and the review of professional and ethical guidelines.
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Tierney, Patrick. "A comparative study of beekeeping as an intervention with troubled young people." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/291133.
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“Although they make up only 11 per cent of the population above the age of criminal responsibility (in England and Wales), in 2009, people in this age group were responsible for 17 per cent of all proven offending” (NAO, 2010:5). Sadly, 56 per cent of these young people are likely to re-offend within one year (NAO, 2010). These trends are not unique; they are common to many countries worldwide (e.g. De Gusti et al, 2009). Arguably then, current government strategies that aim to reduce recidivism including custodial sentences, are not working (Clarke, 2011). However, terms such as ‘criminal offence’ and the age criteria for criminal responsibility vary widely in their definitions between and within countries. Furthermore, reasons why young people re-offend emerge from complex and multi-dimensional needs and risk factors, which themselves vary over time. Attempts at correlations and comparisons are therefore inevitably contentious. Interventions perceived as most effective at reducing recidivism focus on multi-systemic approaches to changing behaviours (e.g. DfES, 2006). This research and its findings, contributes towards a better understanding of these multi-dimensional factors. This report presents outcomes from a mixed-methods, ethnographic, comparative research project in relation to a four-day intensive outdoor experiential education programme. For the purposes of this report, the programme is called ‘Bee Inspired’ and is specifically for young people defined as ‘at risk’ of offending or re-offending. Bee Inspired is unique because it involves the participants’ immersion in learning the practical skills of beekeeping. The research was based in three countries: the Azores islands (Portuguese-governed), Prince Edward Island, Canada and England, United Kingdom. During the programme, the participants were observed closely and their behaviour, experiences and comments recorded. Additional data were collected through written questionnaires and focus group sessions during and at the completion of the programme. The outcomes are presented using a method of written ‘vignettes’. This gives voices to the participants, whose perspectives, within research data, are often absent. This report provides evidence of their positive experiences of cognitive, social and emotional development during the Bee Inspired programme; these being intrinsically linked to the programme’s objectives and the researcher’s theoretical and ontological perspectives. The findings were triangulated; qualitative and quantitative data support previous educational research and produces some new insights. The research tracked the progress of the participants twelve and eighteen months after the completion of the Bee Inspired programme. Out of 45 participants, only three participants re-offended within eighteen months; well below average and expected norms as defined in similar research. In addition to the low re-offending rates, many participants continued their beekeeping practices which in itself may contribute to the perceived success of the programme. In conclusion, although small-scale and limited in terms of scope and generalizability, this research illuminates the experiences of young people ‘at risk’ involved in experiential education. The complex and multi-dimensional nature of these experiences relate to individuals’ diverse needs. Further research into experiential education programmes is therefore required, in particular, investigations into why factors specific to beekeeping could provide a way of reducing recidivism amongst some young people at risk.
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Higgs, Bryn. "The International Criminal Court’s intervention in the Lord’s Resistance Army war: impacts and implications." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12741.
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This thesis argues that the International Criminal Court (ICC) brings a new more deontological paradigm to international interventions, founded upon the universal application of legal principle, and displacing consequentialist notions of justice linked to human rights. Based upon the Court’s Statute and mode of operations, it is argued that this is associated with assumptions concerning the ICC’s primacy, military enforcement, and theory of change. The consequences of this development in volatile contexts are demonstrated.
The case study, founded upon analysis from the war-affected community, examines the impact of the International Criminal Court in the Lord’s Resistance Army war, and reveals the relationship between criminal justice enforcement, and community priorities for peace and human rights. On the basis of evidence, and contrary to narratives repeated but unsubstantiated in the literature, it demonstrates that in this case these two imperatives were in opposition to one another. The Court’s pursuit of retributive legal principle was detrimental to the community’s interests in peace and human rights. The subsequent failure of the ICC’s review process to interrogate this important issue is also established.
The research establishes that statutory and operational assumptions upon which Court interventions are based do not hold in volatile contexts. For the case study community and elsewhere, this has had adverse impacts, with significant implications for the ICC. The findings indicate that if these issues are not fundamentally addressed, principled international criminal justice enforcement in volatile environments will continue to have profoundly negative human rights consequences.
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Bohjanen, Sharon Lynn. "Race to the Top-Early Learning Challenge: An Analysis of Impact on IDEIA, Part C Early Intervention Programs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612613.
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Infants and toddlers who live in poverty are more likely to experience developmental delays or disabilities and less likely to access early intervention (EI) services. The federal initiative Race to the Top-Early Learning Challenge (RTT-ELC) was designed to increase access to high quality early learning programs for children at risk for developmental delays due to poverty or disability. Although IDEA, Part C programs were not specifically targeted by this initiative, policies associated with RTT-ELC may have an indirect impact on state EI programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of RTT-ELC on Part C programs by comparing states that received federal grants to states that did not. This study used a social justice framework to identify variables that inform equitable access to high quality Part C programs. Data were extracted from Part C state profiles and compared across states. Awarded states were more likely to increase enrollment of infants and toddlers in Part C Programs and were more likely to use broad eligibility criteria. These findings indicated that although differences were small they could become more pronounced over time. The need for policy change in Part C programs and federal early learning initiatives to directly target infants, toddlers and families in poverty are highlighted through the results of this study.
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Higgs, Bryn. "The International Criminal Court's intervention in the Lord's Resistance Army war : impacts and implications." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12741.
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This thesis argues that the International Criminal Court (ICC) brings a new more deontological paradigm to international interventions, founded upon the universal application of legal principle, and displacing consequentialist notions of justice linked to human rights. Based upon the Court’s Statute and mode of operations, it is argued that this is associated with assumptions concerning the ICC’s primacy, military enforcement, and theory of change. The consequences of this development in volatile contexts are demonstrated. The case study, founded upon analysis from the war-affected community, examines the impact of the International Criminal Court in the Lord’s Resistance Army war, and reveals the relationship between criminal justice enforcement, and community priorities for peace and human rights. On the basis of evidence, and contrary to narratives repeated but unsubstantiated in the literature, it demonstrates that in this case these two imperatives were in opposition to one another. The Court’s pursuit of retributive legal principle was detrimental to the community’s interests in peace and human rights. The subsequent failure of the ICC’s review process to interrogate this important issue is also established. The research establishes that statutory and operational assumptions upon which Court interventions are based do not hold in volatile contexts. For the case study community and elsewhere, this has had adverse impacts, with significant implications for the ICC. The findings indicate that if these issues are not fundamentally addressed, principled international criminal justice enforcement in volatile environments will continue to have profoundly negative human rights consequences.
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Arthur, Katie (Katie Louise). "Frontlines of crisis, forefront of change : climate justice as an intervention into (neo)colonial climate action narratives and practices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111292.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Comparative Media Studies/Writing, 2017."June 2017." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 104-115).
Indigenous peoples, Small Island States, the Global South, women, youth, and the global poor, all face disproportionate impacts from climate change, a fact captured in the adage "the least responsible are most vulnerable." Recognising the Global North as the instigators and benefactors of a carbon economy built on the continuing oppression and exploitation of black and brown communities, in this thesis I highlight the on-going colonial violence involved in both extractive industry and the mainstream climate action movements of the Global North. I look at the stories we tell about climate change and how they legitimize a colonial structuring of power: from mainstream media coverage of the London Climate March in 2015 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) newsroom editorials. I investigate how communities and grassroots organisations are using radical media strategies to articulate climate justice as a transformative decolonial intervention from the frontlines of Standing Rock to the financial district of London. I follow the argument of activist groups including The Wretched of the Earth, the UK Tar Sands Network, the Civic Council of Popular and Indigenous Organizations of Honduras (COPINH), the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, and the Indigenous Environmental Network; that climate action will be unfair and ineffective until it recognises the intersecting systems of power which created and maintain the inequalities of the colonial carbon economy. I argue that radical media strategies, on the streets and on the airwaves, are central to the articulation of climate justice and the contestation of hegemonic meanings of climate action that legitimise colonial violence.
by Katie Arthur.
S.M.
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Livingston, Lauren. "Domestic Violence: The Psychology Behind Male Battery and the Future of Batterer Intervention Programs." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1788.
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In this paper, we try to understand the high prevalence rates of domestic violence in the United States. Using the history behind domestic violence, the psychology behind male batterers and batterer intervention programs we discover solutions to help reduce battery recidivism rates. An analysis of the criminal justice system regarding police intervention and Family Court result in future policy implications. In addition, the proposed solutions are creating lasting impact in either batterer intervention programs or policies. Lastly, policy and future implications are discussed without reducing batterer responsibility.
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Job, Sarah. "Identity-Specific Positive Psychology Intervention for Sexual Minorities: A Randomized Control Trial." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3891.
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Sexual minorities experience mental and physical health disparities in comparison to heterosexual individuals due to minority stress (Branstrom et al., 2016; Kerridge et al., 2017; Meyer, 2003). Positive psychology interventions have improved mental and physical health (Antoine et al., 2018; Lambert D'raven et al., 2015), and therefore these interventions have potential to address health disparities. The current study tested an identity-specific intervention (n = 30) to a general positive psychology intervention (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30) among sexual minorities. This built on a recent pilot study which tested the efficacy of an identity-specific intervention designed for sexual minorities and showed significant improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Thus, I hypothesized that individuals in intervention conditions would have better mental health, physical health, and substance use outcomes than the control group. Additionally, outcomes of the identity-specific condition were compared to those of the general positive psychology intervention. Participants included 91 sexual minority adults that completed three surveys (baseline, one week after the intervention, one month follow-up) including outcomes measures (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, problematic drinking, problems associated with drug use, well-being, and self-rated health), potential covariates (anticipated stigma, internalized stigma, concealment) and manipulation checks (self-compassion, forgiveness, optimism, coping using humor, social support seeking). Fifty-three participants completed interventions featuring five intervention tasks eliciting self-compassion, optimism, forgiveness, humor, and social support seeking. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and multilevel modeling. Compared to the control condition, results showed significantly greater improvements in well-being (b = .40, p = .013), self-rated health (b = -.42, p = .006), and problems associated with drug use (b = -.97, p = .004) among participants in the intervention conditions. No significant differences emerged for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or problematic drinking. Limitations include lack of power for analyses examining extended follow-up and comparing intervention types, as well as a number of history effects. Despite these limitations, the current study has potential to improve health outcomes and aid clinical practices. More research on positive psychology interventions with sexual minorities is needed.
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Sidibé, Mahamoudou. "L’intervention devant la Cour Internationale de Justice." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100150.
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L’intervention est l’acte par lequel un Etat tiers intervient dans une instance pendante pour protéger ses droits. Elle est prévue aux articles 62 et 63 du Statut. La première disposition reconnaît le droit d’intervention à tout Etat tiers justifiant d’un intérêt juridique en cause. En revanche, la seconde accorde aux seuls Etats tiers également partie à une convention dont l’interprétation est en cause la possibilité d’intervenir. La question principale soulevée par l’intervention est de savoir si cette procédure est conforme au principe du consensualisme qui gouverne le Statut de la Cour. Concernant que l’article 62 du Statut, cette question s’explique par la controverse au sein de la doctrine au sujet du statut de l’Etat intervenant. En effet, certains auteurs soutiennent que l’Etat intervenant est partie à l’instance. Dans ce cas, ils considèrent que l’article 62 ne respecte pas le principe du consensualisme. Afin de concilier l’intervention avec ce principe, ils pensent que la Cour ne peut admettre l’intervention sans le consentement des parties. D’autres avancent, au contraire, que l’intervention est conforme au principe du consensualisme parce que l’Etat intervenant n’est pas partie à l’instance. D’autres soutiennent encore que l’article 62 du Statut admet les deux formes d’intervention développées par les précédents auteurs. L’objet de l’étude est de démontrer que l’article 62 du Statut donne lieu à une interprétation large, en ce sens qu’il autorise non seulement une intervention en tant que non partie, mais aussi une intervention en tant que partie et que le principe du consensualisme est respecté dans les deux cas. En effet, cette étude établit que tant les conditions que les effets de l’intervention sont conformes à ce principeIntervention is the procedure by which a third State intervenes in a pending proceeding to protect its rights. It is laid down in Articles 62 and 63 of the ICJ Statute. The first provision recognizes to every State justifying a legal interest in the case in question the right to intervene. In contrast, the second gives the third States also party to a Multilateral Convention whose interpretation is in question the right to intervene. The main issue raised by the intervention is whether this procedure is consistent with the principle of consent that governs the Statute of the Court. Concerning Article 62, this issue is due to the controversy within the doctrine on the status of the intervening State. Indeed, some authors argue that the intervening State is a party to the proceeding. In this case, they consider that Article 62 does not respect the principle of consent. To reconcile this principle with the intervention, they think that the Court can not accept the intervention without the consent of the parties. Others argue, however, that the intervention is consistent with the principle of consent because the intervening State do not become a party to the proceeding. Others still argue that Article 62 recognizes two forms of intervention as developed by the previous authors. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that Article 62 gives rise to a broad interpretation, as it allows not only intervention as a non-party, but also as a party and that the principle of consent is respected in both cases. Indeed, this study shows that both the conditions and the effects of the intervention are consistent with this principle
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Kenne, Deric R. "Examination of Thinking Error and the Responsivity Principle in a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Offenders: Implications for Criminal Justice Policy." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1289309592.
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Foss, Kirsten, Nicolai J. Foss, and Phillip C. Nell. "MNC Organizational Form and Subsidiary Motivation Problems: Controlling Intervention Hazards in the Network MNC." Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2012.03.001.
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The MNC literature treats the (parent) HQ as entirely benevolent with respect to their perceived and actual intentions when they intervene at lower levels of the MNC. However, HQ may intervene in subsidiaries in ways that demotivate subsidiary employees and managers (and therefore harm value-creation). This may happen even if such intervention is benevolent in its intentions. We argue that the movement away from more traditional hierarchical forms of the MNC and towards network MNCs placed in more dynamic environments gives rise to more occasions for potentially harmful intervention by HQ. Network MNCs should therefore be particularly careful to anticipate and take precautions against "intervention hazards". Following earlier research, we point to the role of normative integration and procedural justice, but argue that they also serve to control harmful HQ intervention (and not just subsidiary opportunism). (authors' abstract)
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Lux, Jennifer L. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Multisystemic Therapy: A Meta-Analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1460729952.
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Hymon, Drema Ann. "Use of Force Citizen Complaints, Use of Force Violations, and Early Intervention." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7875.
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Abstract
Mounting public protests, increasing expensive payouts, and shootings of unarmed victims by police is a call to reexamine options to problem solving, service recovery, and preventing police misconduct as it pertains to the use of force. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the correlation between early intervention system data
(a) use of force, citizens' complaints (race and gender), and use of force violations (race, gender, and years of service for officers). The disruptive theoretical framework provided an innovative lens to examine police misconduct of a large midwestern large law enforcement agency. This secondary data study did not find significant relationships between stated variables using chi-square analyses. Although consistent with other studies, males were found likely victims of excessive use of force (X2 = 114.093, p =.000) using multiple regression. By expanding the characteristics of basic variables based on a (use of force) continuum model, the data can be treated as a disruptor with potential to reach maintenance or high productivity and sustainability. The fields of healthcare and education have made strides using this model, and this model may also add to the existing knowledge to create greater transparency, service recovery, and policy modification needed to reduce the use of force police misconduct. As society changes with varying political mandates, public opinions and technological communications, it is apparent that law enforcement must also continually improve efforts to enhance accountability and transparency relating to the use of force
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Leili, Jennifer A. "Bystander Intervention, Victimization, and Routine Activities Theory: An Examination of Feminist Routine Activities Theory in Cyber Space." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7843.
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Routine Activities Theory (RAT) is one of the most widely used theories to explain victimization. It has been applied to a wide range of criminal victimizations, such as property crimes (Miethe, Stafford, & Long, 1987) and urban murder (Messner & Tardiff, 1985). While traditional RAT has been used to explain violence against women, the feminist perspective of RAT developed by Schwartz and Pitts (1995) provides a better explanation by incorporating cultural factors that shape the conditions that give rise to offending. The current study draws on feminist RAT in order to explore three different types of victimization involving women: stalking, dating violence and sexual violence.
In doing so, the current study extends the RAT and feminist RAT literature by more thoroughly exploring what it means to be a capable guardian and by incorporating literature on bystander intervention. Though bystander intervention literature and feminist RAT literature are similar in that they view people as having the ability to prevent violence and crime, the two areas have developed relatively separately and have rarely been integrated together. In addition to expanding the literature on RAT, this study also contributes to the bystander intervention literature by analyzing willingness to intervene in three types of cyber violence against women. Though bystander intervention research has greatly expanded throughout the years, research involving intervention into cyber stalking, cyber dating violence, and cyber sexual violence/harassment are greatly lacking. The current study employed a web based survey to assess bystander intervention in cyber violence and expand feminist and cyber RAT by analyzing victimization. College students were asked to judge their likelihood of intervention in situations involving potential dating violence, sexual harassment, and stalking. In addition, they were asked about their routine activities and components related to the theory, as well as dating violence, sexual violence and stalking victimization. Unsurprisingly, students preferred to intervene in a direct manner. In addition, there were inconsistent findings regarding victimization and routine activities theory. The results of the study are discussed in terms of implications for the development of bystander intervention programs and will expand the feminist RAT literature.
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Hawkes, Deborah. "The Experiences of Black Parents in Choosing Intervention Programs for Juvenile Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7659.
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Juvenile offense is a social problem that affects communities and families. Black juvenile offenses occur at a higher rate than White juvenile offenses. The parents of these offenders may engage in the intervention process of their juvenile offender with the intent to improve the intervention outcome. The literature on this topic, however, is primarily focused on the treatment outcomes of various types of intervention. The identified gap in the literature is research on Black parental input on the process used to select various types of intervention for their offending children. The high rate of incidence compounded by the racial disparity furthers the need to better understand the intervention and treatment selection process from the Black parental perspective. The research question for this study was what are the experiences and perceptions of Black parents involved in selecting juvenile intervention programs for their children who have offended? The theoretical framework used to explain and interpret the participant data was Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. This generic qualitative study involved 7 interviews with Black parents of juvenile offenders residing 20 miles outside of metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. Thematic analysis revealed that participants’ selection process is driven by feelings of responsibility, community and church guidance, unaddressed emotional needs of their children, and intervention challenges and outcomes. Findings support the need for preintervention services; intervention resource availability; parental awareness; and intervention strategy, reform, and efficacy. Policy makers may use these results to inform actions to reduce the juvenile offense rate among Black youth and foster better outcomes for this population group.
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Vappie-Aydin, Rhonda C. "Reducing the Rate of Recidivism for First-Time Juvenile Offenders with the Parent Monitoring Program, PMP: A Family Counseling Intervention Program." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/578.
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This study examined the effectiveness of a family counseling intervention program called the Parent Monitoring Program (PMP) on reducing the rate of recidivism with first-time juvenile offenders in New Orleans, Louisiana. The PMP is a multimodal treatment intervention that combines individual, family, and group, counseling services to juvenile offenders and their families. Pugh, Force, Rault, and Triche (2000) reported that with effective and innovative family and community based intervention programs, juvenile offenders can be deterred from further delinquent behaviors. There is a great need for research studies to examine effective interventions that address reducing the rate of recidivism with juvenile crime (Cullen & Grandeau, 2000). This study looked at the differences in recidivism rates for the treatment group, juvenile offenders who completed the PMP, versus the control groups those juvenile offenders who either did not complete the PMP, or who refused the PMP services. The participants (N=1144) were mainly African Americans of low SES who committed minor offenses from the years 2001-2003. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to find out the differences in recidivism rates between the treatment and control groups, as well as levels of offenses in terms of recidivism rates and gender differences. Results of the analyses indicated that those participants who completed the PMP had lower recidivism rates than those who did not complete or refused the PMP service. In addition, level of offenses was positively associated in terms of recidivism (p <.001). However, in terms of recidivism, there were no differences between males and females xiii ( p =.108). Faculty members in counselor education can use the findings from this study to pay attention to the problems that this special population faces. Counselors can become more aware of the importance of a multimodal approach with emphasis on family involvement and early intervention. The multi cultural issues and risk factors that surround this population are of relevance to the curriculum in counselor education programs. Future research should look at the impact that religious organizations have on juvenile delinquency in terms of recidivism rates and the important role that the community plays.
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Barclay, Elaine Marie. "Domestic Violence Intervention Program Facilitators' Motivation for Working With Repeat Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3018.
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Domestic violence (DV) rehabilitative program facilitators administer the same treatment programs to males who reoffend. When DV facilitators administer the same unsuccessful treatment programs to repeat offenders, facilitators may lose intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to perform their job. For this study a hermeneutic phenomenological methodology approach was used to explore the phenomenon of DV facilitators' motivation. Self-determination theory was used to frame the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on DV facilitators who administer treatment programs to repeat offending males. A recruitment flyer was placed in the DV organization, data were collected from 7 participants through face-to-face or telephone interviews that were 18 years of age, proficient English speaking, actively facilitating DV treatment programs to repeat offending males, and employed with the DV organization. Data were transcribed and coded using open and axial coding, and analyzed for themes. Findings indicated that accountability, intrinsic motivation, and commitment influenced DV facilitators when administering programs to repeat offenders. Social change implications include awareness of perceived laissez-faire criminal justice policy towards DV male offenders and the lack of community support of challenges and opportunities for enhancing motivation for DV program facilitators.
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Kituku, Carolene. "International criminal court Proprio motu intervention where a truth commission exists: the Kenyan situation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8300_1363781834.
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Kenya&rsquo
s December 2007 Presidential elections sparked a wave of violent clashes over allegations of election rigging. The protests broke out along ethnic lines, causing greater civil unrest. There have been allegations that during these outbreaks of violence crimes against humanity were committed. This violence attracted world-wide concern and was universally condemned. Kenya is loathe to prosecute the perpetrators or those who bear the highest responsibility for the alleged commission of crimes against humanity. It has instead established a national investigatory mechanism, the Kenyan Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (hereafter TJRC). This approach adopted by Kenya has been criticized for the fact that it fosters a culture of impunity. However, the Prosecutor of International Criminal Court (hereafter ICC) has used his proprio motu powers to initiate an investigation of alleged commission of crimes that fall within the jurisdiction of the Court. This research paper has analysed the reasons for the proprio motu intervention of the ICC in Kenyan situation. It also examined whether Kenya was unwilling or genuinely unable to prosecute the perpetrators of the post-election violence of 2007. Furthermore, the paper
evaluated the provisions of the Kenyan TJRC, the major shortcomings of the Commission and the challenges it is facing in fulfilling its mandate. In conclusion the paper analysed the relationship between TJRC and ICC and re-evaluate any role that the two bodies could play in dispensing justice in Kenya. But before that, the paper laid down the factual
background that led to the proprio motu interevention of the ICC in Kenya where a truth commission had alreday been established.
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Mahnke, Volker, Björn Ambos, Phillip C. Nell, and Bersant Hobdari. "How Do Regional Headquarters Influence Corporate Decisions in Networked MNCs?" Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2012.03.001.
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In networked MNCs where knowledge and power are distributed, corporate strategy processes benefit from input arising from many different levels of the organization. Recently, the regional (i.e., supra-national) level has been emphasized as an important additional source of knowledge and input, and as a bridge between local subsidiaries and global corporate headquarters. This paper builds theory on the antecedents to regional headquarters' influence on corporate decisions (i.e., organizational, behavioral, and motivational). Based on a survey of regional headquarters in Europe and their relations with MNC headquarters, we provide empirical evidence that a regional headquarters' autonomy and signaling behavior have significant effects on its influence on corporate strategy. Furthermore, we find support for our hypothesis that the regional headquarters' charter moderates such bottom-up influence. (authors' abstract)
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Terrell, Karen L. "Academic Language and Mathematics: A Study of the Effects of a Content and Language-Integration Intervention on the Preparation of Secondary Mathematics Pre-Service Teachers." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2607.
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Thesis advisor: Lillie R. AlbertResearchers have found that as students progress through school, the importance of language grows due to the content specificity that emerges, especially in the secondary grades, and due to the preparation of these students to enter adulthood once their schooling is completed. Even as students' instruction in various content areas becomes more in-depth and specialized, so does the terminology employed in the content. It is because of this specificity and union of language and learning that English-language learners' (ELLs') ability to comprehend and produce content-area academic language is crucial to their success. When questioning the quality of instruction ELLs are receiving in mathematics, the attention logically shifts to the pedagogical abilities of their teachers. However, historically, mathematics teachers have lacked language-acquisition knowledge and strategies necessary to adequately address the needs of linguistically diverse learners. In order to authentically promote and pursue quality mathematics education for all students, teachers of mathematics must be trained in recognizing the language demands of mathematics and in applying or developing strategies to address the nuances of the language in this subject area. The research in this study contributes to this work. This dissertation documents the effects of an intervention, woven into a secondary mathematics methods course and designed to prepare mathematics teachers to support ELLs' content and language learning. The study was based on the assumption that mathematics is much more than computations, and thus, requires a shift in the how the role of the mathematics teacher is viewed. Both qualitative and quantitative empirical evidence regarding the intervention's influence on the participants' attitudes and preparedness to teach the academic language of mathematics were generated. Twenty-nine students over the course of two years took part in this research. Five students from the second year were selected for an in-depth case study based on their range of experiences with learning other languages, interactions with linguistically diverse youth, and practicum placements for the subsequent spring semester. The larger group of preservice teachers was surveyed at the beginning and end of their enrollment in the course, and their course assignments were collected. In addition, case-study participants were interviewed at the start and completion of the semester, and their practicum-office submissions were examined. A framework to encourage pupils' acquisition of mathematical academic language is proposed. Essential outcomes indicate that the intervention not only affected the participants' beliefs and attitudes towards their own preparedness for teaching ELLs in mainstream mathematics classes, but also it imparted concrete strategies for the modification of teaching and learning experiences in the preservice teachers' future practices. The results of this study correlate to existing literature regarding linguistically responsive pedagogy and extend this theory by integrating language-acquisition strategies throughout a content-methods course for the middle- and high-school levels
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Troya, Lopez Valeria. "Restorative Justice and emotional literacy : using restorative conversation as a targeted intervention for students who get involved in peer conflict : a multiple base line design." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10055612/.
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Restorative Justice (RJ) has its origins in the criminal justice system and in recent years has received growing interest as an alternative method for classroom management and behaviour in schools. RJ sees misbehaviour as a breach to people’s relationships rather than school’s rules thereby puts repairing those relationships as more important than blaming and punishing the wrong doing. RJ is based on the premise that most people care about others and are interested in forming healthy and long lasting relationships. However, for this to happen people need a certain level of understanding and control over their own emotions and those of others. Hence this thesis aimed to explore the fields of RJ and Emotional Literacy (EL) skills independently despite being conceptually linked through the management and understanding of emotions and how this eventually may have an impact in students’ behaviour. The Review Paper consists of a systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness of Emotional literacy interventions in schools. Even though there is already a large amount of research on social emotional learning programmes, this review is the first of its type to explore EL skills as a separate construct from social skills. Thirteen studies were evaluated. Overall the findings shown a pattern of small and at times non-existent effect sizes. In other words, the impact of EL interventions was found to be limited in promoting students’ EL skills only. However, similarly to other reviews’ outcomes, other areas such as social skills, academic achievement and behavioural difficulties showed significant improvements suggesting that EL interventions are still worth investing in. Recommendations on how to improve the efficiency of the interventions is discussed. The Empirical Paper aimed to explore the impact that an abbreviated version of the RJ conference called Restorative Conversation had in reducing peer conflict incidents and promoting pro-social behaviour in five primary school students. A single case experimental study with multiple baselines was used to analyse visual data obtained from students’ behaviour. Overall, the intervention showed a decreasing trend in peer conflict incidents in four of the five participants, however, only two of these results were found to be statistically significant. In relation to pro-social behaviour, the intervention appeared to yield contradictory results such as two significant but negative effects were found. Fidelity of the implementation was maintained, suggesting the intervention is appropriate for delivery in school settings. Recommendations and implications for future research and discussion of the limitations are considered.
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Dzoba, Nicholas. "Investigating Mentors' Perceptions Of The Effectiveness Of Using Resiliency-Building Strategies Within An At-Risk Adolescent Intervention Program." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/488.
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This research study seeks to enhance previous mentoring literature (Converse & Lignugaris, 2008; Cavell, Elledge, Malcolm, & Faith, 2009; Devenport & Lane, 2009) by further identifying the strategies and skills which help mentors form quality relationships and ultimately impact the resilience of at-risk adolescent mentees. Specifically, this study investigates volunteer mentors’ perceptions of incorporating the positive coping strategies of active listening, emotional regulation, conflict resolution, and future orientation within the initial stages of the mentoring process. Participants in this study are divided into two groups: the Coping Strategies (CS) Group and the Untrained Group (UG). The CS Group mentors have been individually trained to use the aforementioned coping strategies prior to being matched with mentees. The Untrained Group consists of mentors who received no formal training. Semi-structured interviews, which were conducted between three and four months into each mentoring relationship, reveal that focusing on relationship building and creating a level of comfort and trust with mentees were viewed by mentors from both groups as the paramount objectives during these beginning stages. Active listening is identified by a majority of participants as crucial for establishing a connection between mentor and mentee, building trust within the relationship, and engendering meaningful dialogue during beginning mentor sessions. Ultimately, this study finds that active listening training can be useful for helping mentors establish the foundation for a quality mentoring relationship, as well as for the use of additional coping strategies.
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Diotte, Michèle. "L’autonomie sous rature : (re)penser la citoyenneté sexuelle à l'intersection du handicap cognitif par l'approche des relations d'autonomie." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41619.
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Cette thèse poursuit deux objectifs. Le premier consiste à interroger les discours émanant des domaines politique, juridique, administratif et social qui contribuent à façonner le handicap cognitif, la citoyenneté sexuelle et le soi-disant consentement sexuel valide. Nous tentons de mettre en lumière, tant théoriquement qu’empiriquement, comment les discours polymorphes au sujet de la capacité et de la sexualité participent au gouvernement des personnes considérées en situation de handicap cognitif. Le deuxième objectif de la thèse est de proposer une voie alternative permettant d’envisager les concepts d’autonomie/dépendance à l’extérieur des discours dominants à propos de la protection des personnes vulnérables et des droits sexuels, discours généralement antagonisés. Ce que nous avons désigné « approche des relations d’autonomie » permet d’entrevoir une autonomie pour les personnes considérées en situation de handicap cognitif qui s’inscrit dans des relations d’interdépendance. Plus spécifiquement sur le plan de la sexualité, cette approche favorise la mise en situation d’empowerment de ces personnes, plutôt que de produire celles-ci en tant que « personnes vulnérables », enracinées dans une logique de gestion des risques. Cette recherche qualitative s’inscrit dans un cadre théorique féministe poststructuraliste, crip & queer, et s’inspire des concepts analytiques foucaldiens.
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Godoy, Adele Mara Alves de. "Intervenções humanitárias: o dilema entre entre ordem e justiça sob uma perspectiva normativa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-04092009-144720/.
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A decisão política e moral entre fazer algo e não fazer nada diante de emergências humanitárias, como genocídio, assassinatos em massa e limpeza étnica ao redor do mundo, permanece como um dos principais dilemas decisórios das relações internacionais e como tema controverso tanto para a Teoria Política quanto para a Teoria de Relações Internacionais. A complexidade e controvérsia deste fenômeno serão analisadas a partir da perspectiva de que as intervenções humanitárias reivindicam o lugar negligenciado das considerações morais tanto pela prática política quanto pelas reflexões teóricas de mainstream das relações internacionais. Desse modo, o principal objetivo desta pesquisa é a análise das intervenções humanitárias a partir da relação entre ordem e justiça sob a perspectiva normativa. É da reflexão sobre a conexão e a combinação dessas duas idéias tão cruciais ao entendimento prático e teórico das relações internacionais que se pretende buscar novas interpretações normativas a respeito desse fenômeno. Para tanto, a reflexão teórica e normativa das intervenções humanitárias será ilustrada com exemplos empíricos de intervenções durante e após o período de Guerra Fria, a fim de investigar as possibilidades de uma mudança no relacionamento entre ordem e justiça desde o início da década de 1990 até os dias mais contemporâneos.The moral and political decision between doing something and doing nothing at the occasion of humanitarian emergencies, such as genocide, mass murders and ethnic cleansing all around the world remains to be the principal dilemma of decision making in the area of international relations and as a controversial subject as well as for the Political Theory as for the Theory of International Relations. The complexity and controversy of this phenomenon will be analyzed from the perspective that the humanitarian interventions demand the neglected place of moral considerations as well as for the political practice as for the theoretical reflections of the mainstream of international relations. In this manner, the main objective of this research is the analysis of humanitarian interventions from the relation between order and justice on a normative perspective. It is the reflection of connection and combination between this two ideas so much essential for the practical and theoretical understanding of international relations, that will be the groundwork for the search for new normative interpretations in relation to this phenomenon. As such, the theoretical and normative reflection of humanitarian interventions will be illustrated on empirical examples of interventions during and after the period of Cold War, to investigate the possibilities of changes in relation between order and justice since the beginning of the decade of 1990 until the more recent past.
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Denning, Rebecca, and n/a. "From Policy To Practice: A Study of the Queensland Youth Justice Service: Policy, Implementation and Outcomes for Young Offenders." Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070112.120302.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis employs a broad evaluative framework to examine the impact of the Youth Justice Service (YJS) on the post-intervention offending behaviour of young people on community-based court orders. The YJS is a Queensland government policy initiative that aims to monitor compliance with community-based court orders, and identify and address causes of criminal behaviour. The evaluative framework views policy, implementation and impact as distinct but related dimensions of intervention. Reflecting this framework, three primary research questions are addressed: (1) Does the YJS concept represent a goal-directed, theoretically-informed, executable and assessable juvenile crime prevention policy?, (2) Is the YJS concept realised through service delivery?, and (3) What is the effect of the YJS on future offending behaviour? Three studies, employing qualitative and quantitative methods, examined these questions. Study one examined the YJS concept, drawing on some key themes from literature on policy development and implementation, developmental and life-course criminology and developmental crime prevention. This study synthesised key policy and procedure documents around six themes, including (1) rationale, (2) goals, (3) theory, (4) service delivery model, (5) method of operation, and (6) key performance indicators. Findings indicated that the YJS concept represents only marginal adjustments from the traditional Area Office (AO) model of service delivery, and integrates few new preventative mechanisms that would foreseeably lead to change at the operational level. Moreover, it suffers from goal ambiguity, fails to incorporate some key components of best-practice crime prevention that have proven successful when working with at-risk young people, lacks sufficient process-level specificity to ensure treatment fidelity, and places heightened importance on measuring impacts that have political value rather than benefits for the clients. In the second study, an in-depth case study of the Logan Area Youth Justice Service (LAYJS) was conducted to explore how the YJS operated in reality, and as compared with the policy directive. Information was drawn from a variety of sources including interviews with staff and clients, policy and procedure documents, direct observation, case management files and staff-researcher interaction. Evidence suggested that the LAYJS was focused primarily on ensuring compliance with court orders. Several organisational factors, such as staff workloads, the statutory basis for monitoring compliance, and the capacities of staff, have meant that comparatively little attention has been directed at addressing offending behaviour. For the most part, the LAYJS employs an individualised case management process, as distinct from the collaborative, team-based model that is prescribed in the YJS concept. Caseworkers have little faith in their ability to bring about positive behavioural change in their clients, and subsequently transferred the responsibility for intervention outcomes to the client. While acknowledging the importance of families in preventing offending, caseworkers emphasised that a number of organisational tensions have prevented them from engaging families in the case management process. The final study examined the impact of the YJS on post-intervention offending, controlling for developmental risk factors and key features of the intervention process. A random sample (N=190) of clients from three YJS offices and three AOs was drawn from the population of clients who had active community-based court orders between June 1999 and December 2002. Information from Department of Communities' case management files and rearrest data from the Queensland Police Service were entered into a purpose-designed database, and analysed using bivariate and multivariate methods including logistic regression and survival analysis. High proportions of missing data on non-statutory variables suggested poor record management practices, or alternatively that operational staff do not understand the role of developmental risk and/or protective factors and social contexts in preventing offending behaviour. Results indicated that the YJS was no better than the AO at preventing recidivism, as measured at 18-months post-intervention, even after controlling for risk factors that were significantly related to recidivism. The analyses found that some unmeasured variation in service delivery, even within service types, did impact upon recidivism, supporting the hypotheses of the first study and the contention that variation in intervention practice can influence offending behaviour. The likelihood of recidivism was increased if the client was using drugs or was influenced by delinquent peers, and decreased if he stayed in school until years 11 or 12, or where caseworkers addressed familial problems. This provides some sense of programs that may be appropriate for young offenders in the context of a community-based program. It also highlights the critical importance of incorporating families into case management, not only for the purpose of providing information, but also as viable targets of intervention. Survival analyses indicated that the YJS might have had some temporary deterrent effect, although this effect had dissipated by 18-months post-intervention. This result may reflect the increased focus on ensuring compliance with court orders as found in the LAYJS case study. However, given the hypothesis that the lack of process direction will result in variable practices across offices, it cannot be assumed that all YJSs place equal importance on compliance. Overall, findings suggest that the promise that the YJS would provide an innovative model of service delivery and generate improved outcomes for young offenders has not been realised. This research has added further weight to the perspective that examines both the individual and combined impact of theory, policy and implementation for measuring client outcomes. Deficits in any of these components ultimately have a ripple effect, making it difficult to achieve the predetermined goals of the policy at the operational level.
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Hirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
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Cette thèse cherche d'abord à comprendre, en usant de l'exemple Haïtien, si les Réformes du Secteur de Sécurité menées à bien dans le cadre des interventions internationales dans des pays en crise ou en situation de post-conflit, sont efficaces dans l'accomplissement de leurs objectifs et apportent le meilleur soutien d'une manière durable aux Etats hôtes. Finalement, ce document est aussi une base de réflexion pour trouver de nouvelles solutions et pratiques à la mise en oeuvre de Réformes du Secteur de SécuritéFirst of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
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Simon, Jason E. "Effects of Multimodal Police and Community Development Interventions on Violent Crime in a Target Area of Youngstown, Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1577807036428137.
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Appling, Tania Yvette. "Juvenile Correctional Officers' Experience Using De-escalation Strategies." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6161.
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Juvenile direct-care officers working in juvenile correctional facilities historically responded to critical and potentially aggressive incidents using nontherapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine and to understand the lived experiences of direct-care officers' use of de-escalation skills for managing violent and disruptive behaviors in juvenile correctional facilities. The findings from this study may add to the existing literature by describing juvenile correctional officers' experiences as well as to better understand their perceptions and attitude using de-escalation strategies in correctional environments. The social learning and self-efficacy theories provided the conceptual framework to examine and understand their experiences. The phenomenological design was used to examine the lived experiences of 9 juvenile direct-care officers use of de-escalation strategies to respond to disruptive and aggressive incidents within the juvenile correctional facility. The 9 direct-care officers participated in audio-recorded interviews that were transcribed and analyzed using Moustakas's phenomenological steps that identified 3 themes using de-escalation strategies: to avoid use of force and reduce liability of injuries; to resolve conflicts using their words to de-escalate the youth or the situation; and to use according to their training, perceived level of confidence, and effectiveness of de-escalation strategies. Understanding direct-care officers' perceptions of use of de-escalation may result in positive social change for fostering caring and safe living correctional environments and strengthen current training curriculums for working with aggressive and disruptive behaviors.
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Goodman, Karla. "Using text messaging to increase access to psychological intervention in adolescence : an exploration of the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach with young people in contact with the youth justice system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52398/.
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Introduction: This thesis seeks to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of using text messages (SMS) to improve psychological wellbeing amongst young people involved in the Youth Justice System. As this group are likely to be exposed to risk factors impacting on their psychological health, yet unlikely to access mainstream health services, the provision of alternative and accessible interventions for this group should be a key priority for service providers, commissioners and academics alike. Method: A systematic review of the literature and meta analyses to explore current findings in relation to the use of text message interventions to improve psychological wellbeing in the broader adolescent population is presented in Chapter Two. In total 2,496 studies were identified, ten of which met full inclusion criteria. No significant pooled differences were evident between intervention and control groups. Reported effects and the feasibility of the approach are discussed. Findings indicate that, to date, there is no available research in relation to the use of an SMS approach to promote wellbeing amongst young people in the YJS. In preparation for a feasibility study to explore this, the psychometric properties of the KIDSCREEN questionnaires are considered in Chapter Three. Here the reliability and the validity of the tool is evidenced indicating its appropriateness for the use in the proceeding empirical research. The rationale and development of an SMS intervention to encourage self-determination and improve psychological wellbeing, co-designed with service users, are discussed in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, the findings of the mixed methods feasibility study are presented. Conclusion: No significant differences in wellbeing were found between participants’ pre and post KIDSCREEN scores. Significant findings indicate that the intervention may be more acceptable for those with poorer wellbeing and for those subject to diversionary intervention as VAS scores (assessing acceptability of the approach) correlated with lower KIDSCREEN scores (pre intervention) and type of intervention (diversionary or statutory) respectively. Five themes emerged from the semi- structured interviews highlighting important factors to consider when designing or implementing an intervention of this nature for this hard to reach population. A synthesis of the findings is presented in the concluding chapter where recommendations for future enquiry are considered.