Journal articles: 'Justice Intervention'

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McCord, Joan. "Counterproductive Juvenile Justice." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 35, no. 2 (August 2002): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.35.2.230.

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By describing evaluations demonstrating that carefully planned and executed interventions can have harmful effects, the author argues that programs to prevent crime should be tested for safety as well as efficacy. Although client reports of benefits and improvements over predicted outcomes would have suggested benefits from intervention, randomly assigned matched cases used in one such comparison showed that an intervention lasting more than five years increased the likelihood of serious crime, alcoholism, early death, and mental illness.

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Graham, Gordon. "The Justice of intervention." Review of International Studies 13, no. 2 (April 1987): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113695.

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The principle that no sovereign state should intervene in the affairs of another state is enshrined in almost all international agreements made since World War II. For instance, the Charter of the Organization of American States of 1948 contains, in Article 15, the declaration thatNo State or group of states has the right to intervene directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State. The foregoing principle prohibits not only armed force but also any other form of interference or attempted threat against the personality of the State, or against its political, economic and cultural elements.

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Hjorthen, Fredrik D. "Humanitarian Intervention and Burden-Sharing Justice." Political Studies 68, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 936–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321719882607.

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This article examines the case for distributive fairness among states in the context of humanitarian intervention. I start by arguing that distributive fairness among interveners is important for both intrinsic and instrumental reasons. I then discuss the worry that due to the nature of humanitarian intervention, fair burden sharing is difficult to achieve without compromising the operational effectiveness of interventions. I examine three responses that while they reduce the severity of this objection do not fully override it. Finally, in light of the objection I explore options for practical changes and institutional reform that could contribute to reconciling fair burden sharing with effective intervention. I conclude that fairness and effectiveness can be reconciled in the longer term by fully institutionalising humanitarian intervention and in the short term by distinguishing between the duty to undertake intervention and the duty to pay for it.

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Marcón, Osvaldo Agustín. "Juvenile justice: towards clinical intervention." Prospectiva, no. 20 (November 3, 2015): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/prts.v0i20.947.

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<p dir="ltr"><span>Este artículo da cuenta de una investigación realizada en Santa Fe (Argentina). El trabajo ubica el objeto de estudio en su situación específica pero vinculándolo con la crítica situación por la que atraviesan tanto la cultura sociojurídica como la sociopenal y la sociojudicial en Occidente. Así, identifica desarticulaciones de diverso tipo entre el orden judicial y el cultural, lo que afecta decisivamente las posibilidades de consolidar sujetos autónomos y responsables. Por el contrario, en ese desfase dominan supuestos socioculturales judiciales que obstaculizan el desarrollo de tales notas de autonomía y responsabilidad. En todo esto es decisivo el nivel de la intervención, por lo que, entonces, el trabajo conduce a la formulación de una estrategia de trabajo específico denominada Clínica de la intervención.</span></p><div><span><br /></span></div>

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Buchanan, Allen. "Equal Opportunity and Genetic Intervention." Social Philosophy and Policy 12, no. 2 (1995): 105–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500004696.

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What does the prospect of being able to alter a human being's “natural assets” by genetic engineering imply for our understanding of the requirements of justice, and of equal opportunity in particular? Although their proponents are reluctant to admit it, some of the most prominent contemporary theories of justice yield a quite radical conclusion: If safe and effective intervention in the genetic “natural lottery” becomes feasible, there will be at least a strong prima facie case for doing so in the name of equality of opportunity (or of some other egalitarian principle of justice, such as the principle that persons are entitled to equal concern and respect), if this is the most effective way to meet the demands of justice.

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Fenves, Peter. "Intervention, Encroachment." Critical Times 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26410478-7708307.

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Abstract This article shows that Walter Benjamin's initial characterization of the “sphere of moral relations” as divided by two mutually exclusive poles, law and justice, without a mediating third term such as “ethical life” or “moral education,” generates the basis for his critique of violence. After describing how this characterization of moral relations both reproduces and inverts the underlying schema of Kant's Metaphysics of Morals, the article outlines the procedure whereby Benjamin's initial definition of violence as an “intervention” into moral relations is supplemented by a corresponding definition of legal “encroachment”: law presents itself as a resolution or “expiation” of morally ambiguous relations; but insofar as the “sphere of moral relations” is split between the two poles of law and justice, such expiation conceals and thus intensifies the moral ambiguity of the situation on which law encroaches. The article concludes by suggesting that contemporary encroachments of law constitute a danger, akin to the growth of nihilism (in Nietzsche's sense), to which Benjamin's essay seeks to alert its readers.

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Alba, Rossella, Silja Klepp, and Antje Bruns. "Environmental justice and the politics of climate change adaptation – the case of Venice." Geographica Helvetica 75, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-75-363-2020.

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Abstract. In this intervention, we reflect on the potential of environmental justice and climate justice approaches to reveal the politics of climate change adaptation. Taking the attempts at dealing with extreme flooding events in Venice as an example, we illustrate that different dimensions at the core of the environmental justice concept (distributive and procedural justice and justice as recognition) are helpful to analyse and to politicise climate change adaptation interventions. We call for a transformative research agenda to reconfigure interventions and expertise to more closely account for the socio-political processes and narratives shaping coastal environments and to foster multiple epistemologies. Above all, this entails strengthening the inclusion of local (environmental) knowledge, the involvement of the populations affected by interventions in adaptation planning and the open discussion of political questions and values shaping interventions.

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Antal, Imola, Júlia Szigeti, and Maria Stoleru. "Women Victims of Domestic Violence: Analysis of Their Perceptions of the Criminal Justice System in Romania." Social Change Review 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scr-2016-0015.

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Abstract Criminal justice interventions are important to reduce domestic violence and protect women. In this study we will tackle the unwillingness of women in two regions of Romania to press charges and the failure of the criminal justice system in providing them protection and justice. “Why don’t women press charges?” was the main question that stood at the basis of the international research WOSAFEJUS1, where Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB) was the main Romanian partner through its Faculty of Sociology and Social Work. In our paper we will analyse the studies relevant to the field of domestic violence and we will pay a special attention to those that take into consideration the functioning of the criminal justice system. We will present a preliminary analysis of the women’s perception of the criminal justice system in Romania. Our results are based on 76 semi-structured interviews with women in a situation of domestic violence. Atlas.ti was used to aid a thematic analysis of the qualitative data. The results will highlight women’s expectations regarding the justice system, the perceived usefulness of the legal intervention as well as the main factors that come into play when they decide to stay or to leave the criminal justice process. Even though in most of the cases police intervention can’t or doesn’t provide safety and the rapid elimination of danger, the importance of non-legislative factors of intervention has nevertheless been emphasized.

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Greenberg, Jerald. "Applying Organizational Justice: Questionable Claims and Promising Suggestions." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2, no. 2 (June 2009): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2009.01140.x.

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With an eye toward promoting applications of organizational justice, I respond to commentaries on my focal article (Greenberg, 2009a). Specifically, I challenge questionable claims regarding (a) characterization of applied research, (b) why we don't conduct more applied justice research, (c) moral versus instrumental rationales for promoting justice, (d) the validity of intervention studies, and (e) interpretations of Lewin's classic observation about the practical value of theory. I also identify and comment upon two suggestions for promoting applied justice research: (a) promoting cooperation between researchers and practitioners and (b) conducting comprehensive, integrative interventions.

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Farrelly, Colin. "Genetic Intervention and the New Frontiers of Justice." Dialogue 41, no. 1 (2002): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300013639.

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Recent advances in genetic research pose many complex problems for moral and political philosophers. On the one hand, these advances promise great things. Genetic enhancement techniques might allow us to prevent or cure a variety of debilitating diseases. But on the other hand, talk about intervening in people's genetic make-up conjures up memories of the sinister episodes of past eugenic movements. Such movements violated the most basic principles of justice. How can society capitalize on the benefits of genetic intervention and yet avoid the injustices of past eugenic movements? What basic moral principles should guide public policy and individual choice concerning the use of genetic interventions? These important questions are tackled by Allen Buchanan, Dan Brock, Norman Daniels, and Daniel Wikler in From Chance to Choice: Genetics and Justice. This book brings together the thoughts of leading scholars in the field and is likely to set the agenda for serious debate on this topic.

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Dobash, R. Emerson, and Russell P. Dobash. "Evaluating Criminal Justice Interventions for Domestic Violence." Crime & Delinquency 46, no. 2 (April 2000): 252–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128700046002007.

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In this article, the authors consider various approaches to the evaluation of criminal justice interventions in the area of domestic violence. Evaluations have been conducted on a range of interventions, but this article focuses particularly on evaluations of arrest and programs for violent abusers. The authors contrast randomized designs used in the primarily North American studies of arrest with the extant evaluations of abuser programs and argue for the use of more theoretically informed contextual evaluations of criminal justice interventions. Using their own 3-year evaluation study of two Scottish abuser programs, the authors demonstrate how the contextual approach is attuned to both outcome and process and results in more empirically informed assessments of how change is achieved in the behavior and orientations of violent men. The authors argue that evaluations of criminal justice-based interventions should be designed to fit the phenomena under consideration as well as the intervention itself.

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Brannigan, Sean. "Judicial Intervention and Its Key Battleground: Natural Justice." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 134, no. 2 (April 2008): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(2008)134:2(209).

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Newbury-Birch, Dorothy, Ruth McGovern, Jennifer Birch, Gillian O'Neill, Hannah Kaner, Arun Sondhi, and Kieran Lynch. "A rapid systematic review of what we know about alcohol use disorders and brief interventions in the criminal justice system." International Journal of Prisoner Health 12, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-08-2015-0024.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence of alcohol use disorders within the different stages of the criminal justice system in the UK. Furthermore it reviewed the worldwide evidence of alcohol brief interventions in the various stages of the criminal justice system. Design/methodology/approach – A rapid systematic review of publications was conducted from the year 2000 to 2014 regarding the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the various stages of the criminal justice system. The second part of the work was a rapid review of effectiveness studies of interventions for alcohol brief interventions. Studies were included if they had a comparison group. Worldwide evidence was included that consisted of up to three hours of face-to-face brief intervention either in one session or numerous sessions. Findings – This review found that 64-88 per cent of adults in the police custody setting; 95 per cent in the magistrate court setting; 53-69 per cent in the probation setting and 5,913-863 per cent in the prison system and 64 per cent of young people in the criminal justice system in the UK scored positive for an alcohol use disorder. There is very little evidence of effectiveness of brief interventions in the various stages of the criminal justice system mainly due to the lack of follow-up data. Social implications – Brief alcohol interventions have a large and robust evidence base for reducing alcohol use in risky drinkers, particularly in primary care settings. However, there is little evidence of effect upon drinking levels in criminal justice settings. Whilst the approach shows promise with some effects being shown on alcohol-related harm as well as with young people in the USA, more robust research is needed to ascertain effectiveness of alcohol brief interventions in this setting. Originality/value – This paper provides evidence of alcohol use disorders in the different stages of the criminal justice system in the UK using a validated tool as well as reviewing the worldwide evidence for short ( < three hours) alcohol brief intervention in this setting.

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Sherman, Nancy. "Empathy, Respect, and Humanitarian Intervention." Ethics & International Affairs 12 (March 1998): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1998.tb00040.x.

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This essay explores several moral attitudes that undergird a commitment to humanitarian intervention. Humanitarian intervention is usually understood to mean assistance or relief, often in the form of a rescue response by the international community to such emergencies as natural disasters, systematic human rights violations, or genocides that take place within the borders of sovereign states. But the term can equally mean aid before the fact, or prevention, as well as longer-term commitments to international justice that go beyond emergency relief. Whether the aid is relief or prevention, short- or long-term, and however it relates to broader questions of international justice, the same question applies: How do we come to feel the ethical imperative to ally ourselves with those outside our borders? If, as Kant puts it, “ought implies can,” then what makes the “oughts” of intervention psychologically feasible? Of course in international affairs the issue is, more typically, whether certain proposed interventions are politically feasible, Do they promote our national interest? Are they cost effective? Even more practically, will food relief get where it is intended to go? Do the rules of military engagement allow us to protect the victims we are trying to help?

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Thomann, Ashley, Latocia Keyes, Amanda Ryan, and Genevieve Graaf. "Intervention Response to the Trauma-Exposed, Justice-Involved Female Youth: A Narrative Review of Effectiveness in Reducing Recidivism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 7402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207402.

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This study aims to examine current research about trauma-exposed, justice-involved (TEJI) female youth, and evaluate the current literature regarding the effectiveness of gender-specific interventions aimed at reducing their recidivism. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology was utilized to examine quantitative and qualitative literature, published from 2000 through March 2020, about interventions for female justice-involved youth with trauma exposure. Analysis of selected studies utilized an integrated framework based on Andrew’s Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model and Lipsey’s factors of effectiveness, which reviewed studies showing the relationship between female justice-involved youth with mental health symptomologies and trauma. The findings show that effective intervention for this population targets the youth’s negative internal mechanisms related to trauma-subsequent psychosocial problems. These studies suggest that trauma-sensitive modalities have the potential to mitigate the further risk of problematic external behaviors. All studies had limited sample sizes, low follow-up rates, and unknown long-term outcomes. Future research should explore dimensions of sustainability and achieving stability in relation to intervention setting. Selecting the proper venue and facilitator for quality implementation and stability of setting is critical in delivering effective therapies. Modifications in public expectations of juvenile justice policy and practice, from disciplinary to therapeutic approaches, is needed.

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Kennedy, Joseph L. D., Antover P. Tuliao, KayLee N. Flower, Jessie J. Tibbs, and Dennis E. McChargue. "Long-Term Effectiveness of a Brief Restorative Justice Intervention." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18779202.

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This research investigated the effectiveness of a brief Restorative Justice Intervention. Probationers who attended a Restorative Justice Intervention ( n = 383) were compared with probationers receiving treatment as usual ( n = 130) over a 2- to 6-year follow-up period. The proportion of individuals who recidivated in the control condition ( n = 89, 68.46%) were higher compared with those who recidivated in the intervention condition ( n = 127, 33.16%; z = 7.04, p < .001). In addition, among those who recidivated, those in the intervention condition did so less frequently. Qualitative analyses from a postintervention course evaluation given only to the intervention condition showed that 50% of probationers acknowledged an empathic understanding associated with participation. This brief intervention has a positive multilevel impact on restorative justice. Implications of these effects are discussed.

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LANDES, XAVIER, and MORTEN EBBE JUUL NIELSEN. "Intra-Family Inequality and Justice." Dialogue 51, no. 3 (September 2012): 437–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217312000698.

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In “The Pecking Order,” Dalton Conley argues that inequalities between siblings are larger than inequalities at the level of the overall society. Our article discusses the normative implications for institutions of this observation. We show that the question of state intervention for curbing intra-family inequality reveals an internal tension within liberalism between autonomy and toleration, which bears on the forms that the intervention of institutions may take. Despite the pros and cons of both commitments, autonomy-based liberalism appears more compatible with the involvement of the state for egalitarian reasons within the family than toleration-based liberalism.

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Goddard, Tim, and Randolph R. Myers. "Against evidence-based oppression: Marginalized youth and the politics of risk-based assessment and intervention." Theoretical Criminology 21, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480616645172.

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Actuarial risk/needs assessments exert a formidable influence over the policy and practice of youth offender intervention. Risk-prediction instruments and the programming they inspire are thought not only to link scholarship to practice, but are deemed evidence-based. However, risk-based assessments and programs display a number of troubling characteristics: they reduce the lived experience of racialized inequality into an elevated risk score; they prioritize a very limited set of hyper-individualistic interventions, at the expense of others; and they privilege narrow individual-level outcomes as proof of overall success. As currently practiced, actuarial youth justice replicates earlier interventions that ask young people to navigate structural causes of crime at the individual level, while laundering various racialized inequalities at the root of violence and criminalization. This iteration of actuarial youth justice is not inevitable, and we discuss alternatives to actuarial youth justice as currently practiced.

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Shia, Sarah S., Matthew J. Miller, Angela B. Swensen, and Monica M. Matthieu. "Veterans Justice Outreach and Crisis Intervention Teams: A Collaborative Strategy for Early Intervention and Continuity of Care for Justice-Involved Veterans." Military Behavioral Health 1, no. 2 (July 2013): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2013.829387.

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Song, Youngha, and Junhewk Kim. "Community Water Fluoridation: Caveats to Implement Justice in Public Oral Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052372.

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Community water fluoridation (CWF), a long-established public health intervention, has been studied for scientific evidence from both of yea and nay standpoints. To justify CWF with scientific evidence inevitably leads to ethical justification, which raises the question of whether oral health is of individual concern or social responsibility. As dental caries is a public health problem, public health ethics should be applied to the topic instead of generic clinical ethics. From both pro- and anti-fluoridationists’ perspectives, CWF is a public health policy requiring a significant level of intervention. Thus, there needs to take further considerations for justifying CWF beyond the simple aspect of utility. For further ethical considerations on CWF, three caveats were suggested: procedural justice, social contexts, and maintenance of trust. The process to justify CWF should also be justified, not simply by majority rule but participatory decision-making with transparency and pluralistic democracy. Social contexts are to be part of the process of resolving conflicting values in public health interventions. Public trust in the dental profession and the oral healthcare system should be maintained over the considerations. This article suggests accountability for reasonableness as a framework to consider infringement by CWF for public justification of its implementation.

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Branch, Adam. "Uganda's Civil War and the Politics of ICC Intervention." Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 2 (2007): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00069.x.

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The International Criminal Court‘s intervention into the ongoing civil war in northern Uganda evoked a chorus of confident predictions as to its capacity to bring peace and justice to the war-torn region. This optimism is unwarranted, however. The article analyzes the consequences for peace and justice of the ICC's intervention, dividing them into two categories: those resulting from the political instrumentalization of the ICC by the Ugandan government, and those resulting from the discourse and practice of the ICC as an institution of global law enforcement.As to the first, the article argues that the Ugandan government referred the conflict to the ICC in order to obtain international support for its militarization and to entrench, not resolve, the war; the ICC, in accepting the referral and prosecuting only the Lord‘s Resistance Army, has in effect chosen to pursue a politically pragmatic case even though doing so contravenes the interests of peace, justice, and the rule of law. As to the second, the article reveals the harmful effects that ICC intervention can have on the capacity for autonomous political organization and action among civilian victims of violence, specifically how it leads to depoliticization by promoting a political dependency mediated by international law. The article draws from this analysis disturbing implications about ICC interventions generally, and concludes by asking whether ICC practice may be reformed so as to avoid these negative consequences.

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Hampson, Kathy S. "Desistance Approaches in Youth Justice – The Next Passing Fad or a Sea-Change for the Positive?" Youth Justice 18, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473225417741224.

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Youth justice in England and Wales has followed a risk-orientated model for almost two decades, requiring interventions with young people to mitigate assessed risk factors for offending. The desistance revolution evident in much of the adult system and research has been slow to influence change. The Youth Justice Board recently established the desistance-led AssetPlus assessment model, proclaiming that it will facilitate this change. However, youth justice practitioners appear not to have been able to apply desistance theory, resulting in ‘business as usual’ assessments and deficit-focused intervention plans. How can desistance be truly embedded in a system still dominated by risk?

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Folk, Johanna Bailey, Anna Harrison, Christopher Rodriguez, Amanda Wallace, and Marina Tolou-Shams. "Feasibility of Social Media–Based Recruitment and Perceived Acceptability of Digital Health Interventions for Caregivers of Justice-Involved Youth: Mixed Methods Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): e16370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16370.

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Background Caregiver involvement is critical for supporting positive behavioral health and legal outcomes for justice-involved youth; however, recruiting this population into clinical research studies and engaging them in treatment remain challenging. Technology-based approaches are a promising, yet understudied avenue for recruiting and intervening with caregivers of justice-involved youth. Objective This mixed methods study aimed to assess the feasibility of recruiting caregivers of justice-involved youth using social media into clinical research and to understand caregivers’ perceptions of the acceptability of digital health interventions. Methods Caregivers of justice-involved youth were recruited through paid Facebook advertisements to participate in a Web-based survey. Advertisement design was determined using Facebook A/B split testing, and the advertisement with the lowest cost per link click was used for the primary advertisement campaign. Survey participants were offered the option to participate in a follow-up qualitative phone interview focused on the perceived feasibility and acceptability of digital health interventions. Results Facebook advertisements were successful in quickly recruiting a diverse set of caregivers (80/153, 52.3% female; mean age 43 years, SD 7; 76/168, 45.2% black, 34/168, 20.2% white, and 28/168, 16.7% Latinx; and 97/156, 62.2% biological parents); cost per click was US $0.53, and conversion rate was 11.5%. Survey participants used multiple social media platforms; 60.1% (101/168) of the participants indicated they would participate in a digital health intervention for caregivers of justice-involved youth. Survey respondents’ most preferred intervention was supportive and motivational parenting messages via SMS text message. Of the survey respondents, 18 completed a phone interview (12/18, 67% female; mean age 45 years, SD 10; 10/18, 56% black, 7/18, 39% white, and 1/18, 6% Latinx; and 16/18, 89% biological parents). Interview participant responses suggested digital health interventions are acceptable, but they expressed both likes (eg, alleviates barriers to treatment access) and concerns (eg, privacy); their most preferred intervention was video-based family therapy. Conclusions Recruiting and intervening with caregivers of justice-involved youth through social media and other digital health approaches may be a feasible and acceptable approach to overcoming barriers to accessing traditional in-person behavioral health care.

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Stark, Evan. "Reconsidering State Intervention in Domestic Violence Cases." Social Policy and Society 5, no. 1 (January 2006): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002824.

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This review assesses a law and criminal justice based approach to domestic violence from the vantage of recent reports from the advocacy movement in the United States (DasGupta, ‘Safety and justice for all’) and Amnesty International (It's in your hands: stop violence against women) and the work of legal scholar Linda Mills. The US movement is hardly alone in wrestling with how to reconcile the state's indispensable role in securing safety, support and liberty for victims with its equally undeniable role in perpetuating the patterns of sex, race and class inequality and privilege from which woman abuse stems and from which it continues to derive legitimacy.

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Allen, Jessie. "Performing Justice." Emotions: History, Culture, Society 2, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010003.

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Abstract Formal legal process is sometimes viewed as a rational intervention in bias, including the emotional biases stirred by ‘constitutional patriotism’. At the same time, critics have attacked the histrionic aspects of legal process as a trumped-up show that manipulates our emotions. I agree that adjudication is a performance, but I believe the very obvious artificiality of that performance may be its saving grace. The critique of what Jeremy Bentham called ‘theatre of justice’ ignores the way we see through the artifice of judicial process, even as we are morally and emotionally stirred by its effects. Courtroom performances do not produce objectively unbiased and uniquely correct legal outcomes. But they may provide some legitimacy for enforcing those outcomes by enacting a patently illusory ideal justice and confronting us with the gap between that ideal and our lived reality.

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McMahon, Mary, Nancy Arthur, and Sandra Collins. "Social Justice and Career Development: Views and Experiences of Australian Career Development Practitioners." Australian Journal of Career Development 17, no. 3 (October 2008): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841620801700305.

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Career development practice had its origins in social justice reform over 100 years ago. A social justice perspective requires practitioners to examine the environmental context of their work, including the social, economic and political systems that influence people's career development. Achieving socially just outcomes for clients may necessitate intervention in these systems. While social justice is receiving a resurgence of interest in the literature, little is known about career development practitioners' attitudes towards and knowledge of socially just practice. The present paper examines the views and experiences of Australian career development practitioners on social justice. Data was collected by means of an online survey. Participants offered descriptions of their understanding of social justice and also examples of critical incidents in which they had attempted social justice interventions. Findings related to how Australian career development practitioners describe and operationalise social justice in their work are presented, as well as recommendations for future research.

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Chinkin, C. M. "Third-Party Intervention Before the International Court of Justice." American Journal of International Law 80, no. 3 (July 1986): 495–531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2201772.

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Until lately, the procedure of third-party intervention before the International Court of Justice provided for by Articles 62 and 63 of the Statute of the Court had been underutilized; as a result, there was scant judicial authority and comparatively little academic discussion on its use and limitations. This situation has now dramatically changed, as three recent cases before the Court have involved claims of third-party intervention: that between Tunisia and Libya, where Malta made the request to intervene; that between Libya and Malta, where Italy was the requesting state; and, most recently, the case between Nicaragua and the United States, where El Salvador made a declaration of intervention.

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Evans-Chase, Michelle, and Huiquan Zhou. "A Systematic Review of the Juvenile Justice Intervention Literature." Crime & Delinquency 60, no. 3 (December 31, 2012): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128712466931.

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Joseph, Janice. "Book Review: Taking Charge: Crisis Intervention in Criminal Justice." Criminal Justice Review 17, no. 2 (September 1992): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401689201700235.

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Roth, Jeffrey J., and Mari B. Pierce. "Improving responses to juvenile burglary offenders." Safer Communities 18, no. 3/4 (October 14, 2019): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-09-2018-0026.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make evidence-based recommendations for improving the responses of criminal justice agencies to juvenile burglary offenders. Design/methodology/approach The paper first analyzes what is known about factors relevant to young offenders’ initiation into burglary and subsequent persistence in that offense. It then evaluates research regarding juvenile justice interventions that can mitigate those factors in order to prevent youth from becoming involved in burglary or to encourage desistance in juvenile burglars. Findings Effective early intervention with juvenile burglars is vital, as burglars often begin committing this crime in their early teens and quickly develop expertise in the offense. Evidence supports the importance of positive mentoring, substance abuse programs, some forms of restorative justice and multi-modal interventions with education and employment components, while waiving these youth to adult court appears to offer little benefit over less punitive approaches. Originality/value This work delivers an original contribution by providing an analysis of existing burglary and juvenile justice research that may be useful to policymakers, law enforcement and other justice practitioners.

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Shapiro, Valerie B., Kimberly D. Hudson, Carrie A. Moylan, and Amelia S. Derr. "Changing organisational routines in doctoral education: an intervention to infuse social justice into a social welfare curriculum." Arbor 191, no. 771 (February 28, 2015): a202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2015.771n1004.

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Studts, Christina R., Martha Tillson, Erika Pike, and Michele Staton. "Adaptation of the NIDA Standard for delivery via Facebook with justice-involved women in rural Appalachia." Implementation Research and Practice 2 (January 2021): 263348952110141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26334895211014123.

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Background: Rising rates of intravenous drug use (IDU) in Appalachia have necessitated new approaches to providing risk-reduction interventions in a manner which will be acceptable and accessible to specific at-risk populations—particularly those with limited access to traditional evidence-based interventions. Using the ADAPT-ITT framework, the overall goal of this study is to adapt an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention—the NIDA Standard—to meet the needs of rural drug-using women post-release from jail. Methods: Through a series of focus groups with rural incarcerated women, theater-testing with members of the target population, and iterative refinements with topical experts, we aimed to identify potential adaptations to content and context to improve the fit, feasibility, and acceptability of the NIDA Standard for this population using social media. Results: Study findings confirmed the need for a preventive risk-reduction intervention targeting this population post-release. Adaptations to intervention content focused on adding, simplifying, and ensuring continuous access to content in the NIDA Standard. Adaptations to context included modifications to how the intervention will be delivered and by whom, including consideration of unique issues related to delivery using Facebook (such as privacy and confidentiality). Conclusion: The use of Facebook for delivery of the NIDA Standard may hold promise for increasing reach, acceptability, and feasibility of intervening with rural women with IDU released from jails, particularly when compared with traditional face-to-face sessions. With minor content adaptations to meet participant needs and preferences, plus multiple context adaptations to enhance accessibility and acceptability, the adapted NIDA Standard is intended to retain its original effectiveness while improving important implementation outcomes key to scaling-up and increasing public health impact. Plain Language Summary What is known about the topic? Injection drug use rates are high in rural Appalachia, and new approaches are needed to reduce the risk of HIV and HCV among injection drug using women involved in the criminal justice system in this region. While there are effective risk-reduction interventions for HIV and HCV, they are difficult to deliver in rural Appalachia and do not reach the women who need them. What does this paper add? This study describes the use of a systematic approach to improve the “fit” of an evidence-based intervention—the NIDA Standard—with the preferences and perspectives of injection drug using women involved with the justice system, aided by guidance from experts in a specific risk-reduction intervention (the NIDA Standard) and delivery of interventions using Facebook. Changes to the intervention to increase its acceptability and accessibility in this population included shifting delivery of the intervention to a closed Facebook group rather than in person; use of brief videos rather than written text to provide information; use of trusted local women to provide information through videos and Facebook posts; and inclusion of local information on community risk factors and resources. Implications for practice, research, or policy: The use of Facebook for delivery of the NIDA Standard holds promise for increasing reach, acceptability, and feasibility of risk reduction among rural injection drug using women released from jails. Next steps include testing the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of the adapted intervention in several rural Appalachian counties.

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Bowser, Diana, Brandy F. Henry, and Kathryn E. McCollister. "An Overlapping Systems Conceptual Framework to Evaluate Implementation of a Behavioral Health Intervention for Justice–Involved Youth." Health Services Insights 12 (January 2019): 117863291985503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178632919855037.

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Background: Nearly 65% of justice–involved youth have a substance use and/or mental health disorder. Although evidence–based practices have been established for adolescents with co–occurring mental health and substance use disorders, these practices are not widely used in juvenile justice agencies due to environmental and organizational complexities. Methods: Our study builds on Juvenile Justice—Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System (JJ–TRIALS), a multi–site cooperative research initiative of juvenile justice and partnering behavioral health agencies. We also integrate state and county–level data to support broader assessment of key drivers of implementation success. Results: We present an economics/systems conceptual model describing how the environmental context, systems organization, and economic costs of implementation can affect implementation outcomes. Comparison of intervention condition (Core vs Enhanced) and pre–implementation costs (High vs Low) found differences in insurance reimbursements and types, as well as agency staffing characteristics. Discussion: Implementing new procedures or policies at a systems level must consider implementation outcomes in a broad context. Factors such as population demographics, primary care and behavioral health treatment capacity, unemployment rates, and public funding for treatment and other services are important in determining intervention success and sustainability.

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Aliverti, Ana, and Rachel Seoighe. "Lost in Translation? Examining the Role of Court Interpreters in Cases Involving Foreign National Defendants in England and Wales." New Criminal Law Review 20, no. 1 (2017): 130–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2017.20.1.130.

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Court interpreters have seldom been featured in studies on the criminal courts. Until recently, cases requiring court interpreters were rare and marginal. The peculiarity and historical rarity of these cases may explain the lack of academic consideration of the work of court interpreters in the criminal justice literature. Rapid demographic changes brought about by mass migration, however, are changing the make-up of criminal justice proceedings, rendering court interpreters key participants and inexorable aides for the everyday running of the criminal justice system. This article examines the increased reliance on interpreters and the nature of their involvement in criminal justice proceedings. It will explore the relationship between interpreters and defendants, on the one hand, and between interpreters, counsels, and judges, on the other. Drawing on empirical data stemming from a research project on foreign national defendants conducted in Birmingham’s criminal courts, we explore issues of trust and reliability underpinning the intervention of court interpreters and the implications of these interventions for the defendant’s case. The use of interpreters aims first and foremost to ensure the defendant’s right to defense. Yet, as we show, their intervention is often propelled or hindered by instrumental, procedural, or logistical reasons, intimately linked to the rapid transformation of the demography of defendants and the privatization of services related to the criminal justice system.

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Roach, Steven C. "Multilayered Justice in Northern Uganda: ICC Intervention and Local Procedures of Accountability." International Criminal Law Review 13, no. 1 (2013): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01301008.

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In an effort to redress the effects of the civil war in Northern Uganda, local, state and international officials have begun to study the feasibility of re-adapting the procedures of local justice, including mato oput, a local procedure practiced by the Acholi tribe. This article examines this evolving multilayered project of justice in Northern Uganda. It addresses two features of this model: (1) the central features of local justice, in particular mato oput, and (2) the complementary relationship between mato oput, the state, and the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) victims’ unit and the victims’ trust fund. It argues that closer and more effective ties between the ICC and local procedures of justice can be developed. Not only does this relationship constitute an evolving framework for addressing the political realities of ICC intervention, but it also raises many important practical implications for reaching out to the local population.

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Welsh, Wayne N., Philip W. Harris, and Patricia H. Jenkins. "Reducing Overrepresentation of Minorities in Juvenile Justice: Development of Community-Based Programs in Pennsylvania." Crime & Delinquency 42, no. 1 (January 1996): 76–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128796042001005.

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Although minority overrepresentation in juvenile justice settings has been identified as a persistent problem, interventions are scarce. To address minority overrepresentation in its juvenile justice system, Pennsylvania funded nine community-based intervention programs. This article describes a systematic model that provides an active role for program staff in program assessment and development prior to the design of outcome evaluations. Using archival, interview, and observational methods, we conducted evaluability assessments and process evaluations of each program. These formative evaluations provided essential information to strengthen community-based program planning, implementation, and impact assessment.

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Azmy, Ameen. "POLICE STUDIES PROGRAM FOR YOUTH AT RISK: THE ROLE OF POLICE DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE AND PERSONAL MORALITY IN EXPLAINING POLICE LEGITIMACY." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 11, no. 4.2 (December 30, 2020): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs114.2202019988.

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This study examined a unique police studies intervention program by comparing two groups of youth-at-risk in two types of residential youth schools. The experimental group included 129 youths who had attended a police studies program, while the control group included 167 youths who had attended a different intervention program, without police studies. We hypothesized that the experimental group would have more positive perceptions of police legitimacy and distributive justice and higher levels of personal morality than the control group would. Moreover, we hypothesized that the relationship between the type of the intervention program and perceptions of police legitimacy would be explained by youths’ personal morality and perceptions of police distributive justice. The study showed that the experimental group had more positive perceptions of police legitimacy and higher personal morality than did the control group, but there were no differences in perceived police distributive justice between the two groups. In addition, while personal morality partly mediated the link between the type of intervention program and perceptions of police legitimacy, perceived police distributive justice did not. Empirical and theoretical implications are discussed.

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Soppitt, Sarah, and Adele Irving. "Triage: line or nets? Early intervention and the youth justice system." Safer Communities 13, no. 4 (October 13, 2014): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-08-2014-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a discussion of the value of early diversion schemes, underpinned by the principles of restorative justice (RJ), for First Time Entrants (FTEs) into the criminal justice system (CJS). Design/methodology/approach – The paper focuses specifically on the findings of a 12-month study into the introduction of “Triage” by one Youth Offending Team (YOT) in the northeast of England. Findings – Re-offending data suggested that Triage is more effective in reducing re-offending than conventional justice practices, due to the restorative nature of the scheme. However, the qualitative data raised a number of issues, particularly relating to problems of “net-widening” and the impact of recording processes on young people's desistance, as well as the role of victim engagement in the process. These issues could undermine the long-term effectiveness of Triage and its successful application within other youth justice contexts. Originality/value – The paper aims to contribute further understanding regarding the impacts of RJ practices on reducing re-offending compared to traditional processes, and in particular, consider the role of implementation issues in the production of outcomes and impacts.

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Blatch, Chris, Andrew Webber, Kevin O’Sullivan, and Gerard van Doorn. "Cost-benefits of a domestic abuse program for Australian offenders." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-10-2016-0026.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine recidivism costs and benefits for 1,030 community-based male offenders enrolled in a domestic abuse program (DAP) compared to an untreated control group (n=1,030) matched on risk factors. Design/methodology/approach The study time frame was October 1, 2007-June 30, 2010 with reconvictions measured to December 31, 2010. Follow up averaged 19 months. Controls received standard community supervision, but no domestic violence group interventions. Follow up measures included court costs for violent and non-violent reconvictions; re-incarcerations and community-based orders costs measured in days. Findings Adjusting for time at risk, DAP enrollees had 29 percent fewer reconvictions, 46 percent fewer violent reconvictions, 34 percent fewer custodial days, but 23 percent more days on community orders. Costs: DAP enrollment avoided $2.52 M in custodial costs, but higher community correction costs (+$773 K) and court costs (+$5.8 K), reducing the DAP’s criminal justice system cost savings to $1.754 M ($8.92 M for the DAP group compared to $10.67M for controls). Cost benefits: when the 64 DAP program costs were deducted ($602 K), the net benefit to the New South Wales criminal justice system was $1,141 M, or $1,108 per enrollee, providing a net benefit/cost ratio of 2.89. If the DAP was completed, the net benefit was $1,820 per offender. These results compares favorably to economic evaluations of other community-based interventions. Practical implications Group interventions for domestically violent (DV) offenders can provide good investment returns to tax payers and government by reducing demand on scarce criminal justice system resources. The study provides insights into justice costs for DV offenders; a methodological template to determine cost benefits for offender programs and a contribution to cost-effective evidence-based crime reduction interventions. Originality/value Using a rigorous methodology, official court, custodial and community correction services costing data, this is the first Australian cost benefit analysis of a domestic violence group intervention, and the first to justify program expenditure by demonstrating substantial savings to the criminal justice system.

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Tiemessen, Alana. "The International Criminal Court and the lawfare of judicial intervention." International Relations 30, no. 4 (July 27, 2016): 409–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117815601201.

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The contentious concept of ‘lawfare’ has proliferated to various foreign policy areas and permeated a discourse on the function and legitimacy of law in conflict. The concept seems particularly apt to the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) judicial interventions. In this context, I define lawfare as the coercive and strategic element of international criminal justice in which the ICC’s judicial interventions are used as a tool of lawfare for States Parties and the United Nations Security Council to pursue political ends. I argue that there are two types of political ends being pursued with this lawfare: conflict resolution and politicized prosecutions. First, the ICC’s spokespersons, advocates, and supporting states have cultivated a discourse that justice is a means to peace. As a result, the ICC has been used as a means of intervention in ongoing conflicts with the expectation that the indictments, arrests, and trials of elite perpetrators have deterrence and preventive effects for atrocity crimes. Despite these legitimate intentions and great expectations, there is little evidence of the efficacy of justice as a means to peace. Second, the other manifestation of lawfare represents an abuse or manipulation of the ICC for political gain. Specifically, States Parties have strategically referred their conflict situations to the ICC with the expectation that the referral will result in the removal of their rivals and sanction the impunity of ruling elites. This politicization of international justice has been successful in that most of the ICC’s prosecutions are unjustly one sided. Evidence of politicized prosecutions has damaged the ICC’s credibility as an impartial institution and raises questions about the desirability of state referrals. Consequently, the ICC’s efficacy and credibility are suffering from lawfare.

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Eckhardt, Christopher I., Christopher M. Murphy, Daniel J. Whitaker, Joel Sprunger, Rita Dykstra, and Kim Woodard. "The Effectiveness of Intervention Programs for Perpetrators and Victims of Intimate Partner Violence." Partner Abuse 4, no. 2 (2013): 196–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.4.2.196.

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In this review, we provide a descriptive and detailed review of intervention programs for intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators and survivor-victims. Given the extensive personal, interpersonal, and societal costs associated with IPV, it is essential that services being offered by the criminal justice, mental health, and medical communities have requisite empirical support to justify their implementation. The review involved a detailed summary of all studies published since 1990 using randomized or quasi-experimental designs that compared an active intervention program to a relevant comparison condition. These studies included 20 studies investigating the effectiveness of “traditional” forms of batterer intervention programs (BIPs) aimed at perpetrators of IPV, 10 studies that investigated the effectiveness of alternative formats of BIPs, 16 studies of brief intervention programs for IPV victim-survivors, and 15 studies of more extended intervention programs for IPV victim-survivors. Interventions for perpetrators showed equivocal results regarding their ability to lower the risk of IPV, and available studies had many methodological flaws. More recent investigations of novel programs with alternative content have shown promising results. Among interventions for victim-survivors of IPV, a range of therapeutic approaches have been shown to produce enhancements in emotional functioning, with the strongest support for cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches in reducing negative symptomatic effects of IPV. Supportive advocacy in community settings has been shown to reduce the frequency of revictimization relative to no-treatment controls, although rates of revictimization remain alarmingly high in these studies. Brief interventions for victim-survivors have had more complex and less consistently positive effects. Several studies have found significant increases in safety behaviors, but enhanced use of community resources is often not found. It remains unclear whether brief safety interventions produce longer term reduction in IPV revictimization. Discussion summarizes the general state of knowledge on interventions for IPV perpetrators and victim-survivors and important areas for future research.

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Rosenne, Shabtai. "Some Reflections on Intervention in the International Court of Justice." Netherlands International Law Review 34, no. 01 (May 1987): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00009955.

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Javdani, Shabnam, and Nicole E. Allen. "An Ecological Model for Intervention for Juvenile Justice-Involved Girls." Feminist Criminology 11, no. 2 (December 28, 2014): 135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085114559514.

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Mobekk, Eirin. "The Missing Ingredient: Justice in the International Intervention in Haiti." International Relations 15, no. 1 (April 2000): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117800015001005.

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Creaney, Sean. "Risk, prevention and early intervention: youth justice responses to girls." Safer Communities 11, no. 2 (March 30, 2012): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17578041211215348.

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Farrington, David P. "Should the Juvenile Justice System be Involved in Early Intervention?" Criminology & Public Policy 11, no. 2 (May 2012): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00806.x.

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Miller, J. Mitchell, J. Eagle Shutt, and Barry Bernstein. "Offender military enlistment as an emotionally intelligent justice system intervention." Journal of Criminal Justice 38, no. 4 (July 2010): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2010.04.005.

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Greenbaum, Chloe A., and Shabnam Javdani. "Expressive writing intervention promotes resilience among juvenile justice-involved youth." Children and Youth Services Review 73 (February 2017): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.11.034.

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Edwards, Nancy C. "Revisiting our Social Justice Roots in Population Health Intervention Research." Canadian Journal of Public Health 100, no. 6 (November 2009): 405–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404331.

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Curtis, Sarah. "Youth Justice Assessment Procedures." Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review 6, no. 1 (February 2001): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360641700002458.

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This article analyses assessment procedures for young offenders aged 10 to 17 years who receive a police Final Warning or appear before Youth Courts in England and Wales. Members of Youth Justice Teams (YOTs) use detailed ‘Asset’ forms to collate information about the background, education, life-style and personal characteristics of the young people. The replies are scored to indicate the risk of further offending and the YOTs make their recommendations for intervention. The author points out that punishment has to be proportional to the crime but many young people and their families require long-term help if they are to be diverted from crime.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Justice Intervention'

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