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Journal articles on the topic 'Juvenile and mature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Comeau, Michel, Marc Lanteigne, and Roland Cormier. "SERUM PROTEIN CONCENTRATION AND SOMATIC INDEX IN RELATION TO MORPHOMETRIC MATURITY FOR MALE SNOW CRAB, CHIONOECETES OPILIO (O. FABRICIUS, 1788), IN THE BAIE DES CHALEURS, CANADA (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA)." Crustaceana 72, no. 5 (1999): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503546.

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AbstractThe serum protein concentrations of juvenile and mature male snow crabs, Chionoecetes opilio, were measured using a refractometer. The somatic indices of juvenile and mature male snow crab were calculated using the weight of the dry flesh of the chelae versus its wet weight. Results indicate that juvenile male snow crab have significantly higher serum protein concentrations and significantly lower somatic indices than their mature counterparts. These observations are attributed to basic physiological differences that could be explained by a terminal moult. Les concentrations en protein

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2

Omar, Nisreen Mansour, and Janice M. Marshall. "Age-related changes in the sympathetic innervation of cerebral vessels and in carotid vascular responses to norepinephrine in the rat: in vitro and in vivo studies." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 2 (2010): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01251.2009.

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We hypothesized that the density of sympathetic noradrenergic innervation of cerebral arteries and vasoconstrictor responses evoked in carotid circulation by norepinephrine (NE) increase with maturation and age. In rats of 4–5, 10–12, and 42–44 wk of age (juvenile, mature, middle aged), glyoxylic acid applied to stretch preparations showed the density of noradrenergic nerves in basilar and middle cerebral arteries was greater in mature than juvenile or middle-aged rats. In anesthetized rats, infusion of NE (2.5 μg/kg iv) increased mean arterial pressure (ABP) to ∼180 mmHg in mature and middle-

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3

Brooks, R., and N. Owen-Smith. "Plant defences against mammalian herbivores: are juvenile Acacia more heavily defended than mature trees?" Bothalia 24, no. 2 (1994): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v24i2.773.

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Juvenile trees are expected to be more heavily defended against browsing mammals than mature plants. Juvenile and mature trees of Acacia tortilis and A. nilotica occurring at Nylsvley, Northern Transvaal, were quantitatively compared in terms of some potential chemical and physical defences. Neither species showed any significant difference between juvenile and mature trees in terms o f total polyphenol content, condensed tannin content, protein precipitating ability or protein content in leaves. Both species showed age-class differences in spinescence. In A. nilotica, thorns on branch tips we

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4

Tsunoda, Tomonori, Naoki Kachi, and Jun-Ichirou Suzuki. "Effects of belowground herbivory on the survival and biomass of Lolium perenne and Plantago lanceolata plants at various growth stages." Botany 92, no. 10 (2014): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2014-0045.

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We examined the effects of a root-feeding beetle larva (Anomala cuprea Hope) on the survival and biomass of Lolium perenne L. and Plantago lanceolata L. plants at various ages. We hypothesized that belowground herbivory would kill more juveniles than mature plants because of greater root damage. We predicted that for juvenile plants, mortality would be higher for P. lanceolata than for L. perenne, because the thin taproot of P. lanceolata is less tolerant to herbivory. We hypothesized that for mature plants, herbivory of fibrous roots would negatively affect biomass; thus, L. perenne would be

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5

Gryc, V., H. Vavrčík, and K. Horn. "Density of juvenile and mature wood of selected coniferous species." Journal of Forest Science 57, No. 3 (2011): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2010-jfs.

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The objective of research was to determine the density of juvenile (JW) and mature wood (MW) of selected coniferous species growing in the Czech Republic. The research included the wood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). The juvenile wood density close to the pith was 410 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for spruce, 391 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for pine and 573 kg&middot;m<sup>&ndash;3</sup> for larch with 12% water content. Mature wood in the peri

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6

Griffiths, Phillip D., and Cathy Roe. "Response of Brassica oleracea var. capitata to Wound and Spray Inoculations with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris." HortScience 40, no. 1 (2005): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.47.

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Eighteen cabbage breeding lines and cultivars were evaluated for resistance to black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris following wound and spray inoculations at the juvenile and mature stages. Plants were evaluated using four inoculation procedures (juvenile wound, juvenile spray, mature wound, and mature spray) in replicated greenhouse and field experiments. The breeding lines Badger #16, Cornell 101, Cornell 102, NY 4002 and accession PI 426606 exhibited high levels of resistance following all inoculation procedures. `Silver Dynasty' was the most resistant commercial cultiv

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7

Marler, Thomas E., and Murukesan V. Krishnapillai. "Longitude, Forest Fragmentation, and Plant Size Influence Cycas micronesica Mortality Following Island Insect Invasions." Diversity 12, no. 5 (2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050194.

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Island invasions may cause severe changes in biodiversity, but the factors that influence these changes are not well understood. We established 120 plots in Cycas micronesica habitats throughout Guam in 2005 following the invasion of the armored scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui, then observed plant mortality through 2020. We used transects in Yap as benchmarks, as the Yap C. micronesica population is not threatened. The initial Guam plots contained about 1600 seedlings, 1160 juveniles, and 1240 mature plants per ha. Seedling mortality was 100% by 2006, juvenile mortality was 100% by 2014, and the 2

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8

Yeh, Ting-Feng, Jennifer L. Braun, Barry Goldfarb, Hou-min Chang, and John F. Kadla. "Morphological and chemical variations between juvenile wood, mature wood, and compression wood of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)." Holzforschung 60, no. 1 (2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.001.

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Abstract To better understand the within-tree variations between juvenile wood, mature wood, and compression wood, wood from a 35-year-old mature bent loblolly pine was separated into seven groups by different positions in the tree. Morphological and chemical structure analyses, including fiber quality, X-ray diffraction, sugar and lignin content analysis, as well as nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation, and advanced NMR spectroscopy, were performed. Fiber properties were significantly different for tree-top juvenile normal wood and tree-bottom juvenile normal wood, juvenile normal and mature nor

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9

Anderson, Kurt E., Stephen I. Rothstein, Robert C. Fleischer, and Adrian L. O’Loghlen. "Large-Scale Movement Patterns Between Song Dialects in Brown-Headed Cowbirds (Molothrus Ater)." Auk 122, no. 3 (2005): 803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.3.803.

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AbstractExtensive past research has attempted to determine whether song dialects represent reproductively isolated social systems, with individuals tending to spend their entire lives in a single dialect. We addressed that issue by analyzing banding data for Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada of California. For 14 years, 1,393 juveniles and 2,568 mature individuals were banded along a 40-km span encompassing three dialects. Of those juvenile and mature birds, 7.9% and 12.1%, respectively, were recaptured in a later year. All classes of mature birds

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10

Fleidervish, I. A., and M. J. Gutnick. "Paired-pulse facilitation of IPSCs in slices of immature and mature mouse somatosensory neocortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 6 (1995): 2591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2591.

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1. Whole cell recordings from layer V neurons of mouse somatosensory cortex were made with the use of a "blind" patch-clamp technique. In slices from immature [postnatal days 6 to 11 (P6-P11)] and juvenile (P18-P21) animals, inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were evoked in all cells by extracellular stimulation at the layer V-VI border. Monosynaptic IPSCs, with latency < 2 ms, were isolated pharmacologically by blockade of ionotropic glutamatergic transmission. IPSCs were blocked by bicuculline methiodide and reversed near the predicted equilibrium potential for Cl-. 2. IPSC characte

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11

Yang, K. C., and G. Hazenberg. "Impact of spacing on tracheid length, relative density, and growth rate of juvenile wood and mature wood in Piceamariana." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 5 (1994): 996–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-130.

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Ten 38-year-old trees of Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P., grown at each of three spacings (1.8 × 1.8, 2.7 × 2.7, and 3.6 × 3.6 m), at Stanley, 30 km west of Thunder Bay, Ont., were used to study the impact of spacing on growth rate, relative density, and tracheid length of juvenile and mature wood. Increment cores of 12 mm diameter were extracted from the south aspect of each tree at breast height. The boundary of juvenile and mature wood was demarcated by the variation in tracheid length, which varied among trees from ring 11 to 21. Average growth rate, relative density, and tracheid length were

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Snider, John L., John S. Choinski, and William Slaton. "Juvenile leaves of Rhus glabra have higher photosynthetic thermal tolerance than mature leaves." Botany 88, no. 3 (2010): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b10-007.

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We have previously shown that juvenile leaves of Rhus glabra L. growing in a field setting were consistently 2–3 °C warmer than mature leaves during periods of high irradiance. An experiment was done to test the hypothesis that these differences in leaf temperature lead to increased photosynthetic temperature tolerance in juvenile leaves when compared with cooler, mature leaves. Significant differences were found between the leaf stages with detached juvenile leaves having a slightly higher T15 (the temperature causing a 15% drop in maximum photochemical efficiency) than mature leaves (43.5 vs

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13

Fantin, Natalie, and Hubert Morin. "Croissance juvénile comparée de deux générations successives de semis d'épinette noire issus de graines après feu en forêt boréale, Québec." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, no. 8 (2002): 1478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-053.

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The objective of this study was to compare juvenile (012 years) height growth pattern of dominant mature trees from two virgin black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forests established during the 19th century (1870) to that of young dominant black spruce seedlings newly regenerated following a 1983 fire on the same sites. The pattern was reconstructed by measuring the distance between terminal bud scars on young seedlings, and by precise counting of growth rings by cross-dating from the collar, which was identified by anatomical features, for mature trees. New seedlings growth was signific

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14

Nawrot, M., W. Pazdrowski, R. Walkowiak, M. Szymański, and K. Kaźmierczak. "Analysis of coniferous species to identify and distinguish juvenile and mature wood." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 4 (2014): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/78/2013-jfs.

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We conducted to describe methods used to differentiate the zones of juvenile and mature wood in stems of coniferous species and to present the importance of good identification of the shares of both types of wood to ensure a rational use of the raw material and final quality of wood products. This study describes in more detail a novel method to separate the juvenile and mature wood tissue in stems of European larch using cluster analysis in the form of the k-means algorithm. Moreover, guidelines were also shortly described for forest management which could result in a reduction of the share o

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15

Gryc, V., H. Vavrčík, M. Rybníček, and E. Přemyslovská. "The relation between the microscopic structure and the wood density of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 4 (2008): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2008-jfs.

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The aim of this study was to compare the structure of beech juvenile and mature wood in relation to wood density. The comparative analysis between juvenile and mature wood examined the diameter of vessels, the width and height of pith rays, and the number of vessels and pith rays per 1 mm<sup>2</sup>. The results show that the average vessel diameter as well as the width and height of pith rays reach statistically lower values in juvenile wood than in mature wood. On the other hand, no significant difference between the two types of wood has been found in terms of the frequency of

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16

Williams, Claire G., and Robert A. Megraw. "Juvenile–mature relationships for wood density in Pinustaeda." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 4 (1994): 714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-095.

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Open-pollinated seeds were collected from loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) selections made in natural stands in eastern North Carolina, then planted in a short-term, closely spaced test and in a conventional genetic test. Wood density measurements from seedlings, from older trees, and from parents aged 40–75 years old were used to estimate the genetic covariance structure between juvenile and mature wood. These data were also used to determine if the genetic relationship between juvenile and mature wood varied with the estimation method used or with the fertilizer and irrigation treatments in the

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17

Yang, K. C., Y. S. Chen, and C. Chiu. "Formation and vertical distribution of juvenile and mature wood in a single stem of Cryptomeriajaponica." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 5 (1994): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-127.

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A single tree stem was used to study the formation and vertical distribution of juvenile and mature wood in Cryptomeriajaponica D. Don. The sample tree was collected from a 45-year-old plantation with 1.5 × 3.0 m spacing at Maio-li, Taiwan. Nine diametric wood strips were cut from the tree trunk from both the east and the west aspects, starting from 0.3 m by increments of 2.5 m to the top of the tree. The widths of juvenile and mature wood were recorded with two measures, i.e., the number of rings and the width in millimetres. The relationships between both the width of juvenile and mature woo

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18

Rebbeck, Joanne, Keith F. Jensen, and Michael S. Greenwood. "Ozone effects on grafted mature and juvenile red spruce: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll concentration." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 3 (1993): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-063.

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Red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) was grown as grafted mature and juvenile scions in open-top chambers and exposed to charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air, and nonfiltered air with ozone additions of either 75 or 150 ppb above ambient to determine if tissue age affects the species response to oxidant pollution as measured by photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll concentration. After 18 weeks of exposure to ozone of concentrations as high as 170 ppb (nonfiltered air + 150 ppb ozone) in an 8-h period, net photosynthesis of grafted red spruce was reduced by ozone. Significant reduc

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19

Balakshin, Mikhail Yu, Ewellyn A. Capanema, Barry Goldfarb, John Frampton, and John F. Kadla. "NMR studies on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. lignins." Holzforschung 59, no. 5 (2005): 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2005.081.

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Abstract The composition of mature, juvenile uninfested and juvenile infested Fraser fir wood (Rotholz) and the structures of lignins isolated from these woods were elucidated to verify differences between juvenile and mature wood and the effect of balsam woolly adelgid (BWA) infestation. Milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from mature, juvenile and Rotholz wood were comprehensively characterized using heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and quantitative 13C NMR techniques. The Rotholz wood was found to have ∼13% higher lignin content and more than five-fold the amount of galactans t

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20

Blackburn, Gwylim S., Deborah J. Wilson, and Charles J. Krebs. "Dispersal of juvenile collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) in a high-density population." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 12 (1998): 2255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-191.

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We tested whether dispersal of juvenile lemmings occurs at high population densities and whether predation risk affects movements of juveniles. The study was conducted in July and August 1996 on the Kent Peninsula, Northwest Territories, during a peak in the lemming cycle. We fitted 43 juvenile collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) of the summer generations on a control plot and a predator-exclosure plot with radio transmitters and examined their home ranges and movement patterns. We tested the following hypotheses: (i) extensive juvenile dispersal will occur at high population densiti

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21

Omar, Nisreen Mansour, and Janice M. Marshall. "Age-related changes in carotid vascular responses to adenosine and nitric oxide in the rat: in vitro and in vivo studies." Journal of Applied Physiology 109, no. 2 (2010): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01245.2009.

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We investigated how the ability of adenosine to release nitric oxide (NO) from carotid artery in vitro, and dilator responses evoked in carotid circulation in vivo by systemic infusion of adenosine, change with age in rats of 4–5, 10–12, and 42–44 wk (juvenile, mature, and middle aged). A secondary aim was to follow age-related changes in carotid/cerebral autoregulation. In opened carotid artery, graded doses of adenosine evoked graded increases in NO output measured with a NO sensor that were greater in mature and middle-aged than juvenile rats. Infusion of adenosine to reduce mean arterial p

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22

Geneve, Robert L., Wesley P. Hackett, and Bert T. Swanson. "Ethylene Production in Debladed Petioles from the Juvenile and Mature Phases of English Ivy in Relation to Adventitious Root Initiation." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 1 (1990): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.1.123.

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Exogenous ethylene could not substitute for NAA to induce adventitious root initiation in juvenile petiole explants of English ivy (Hedera helix L.), indicating that the action of auxin-stimulated root initiation was not directly mediated through ethylene production. Mature petioles did not initiate roots under any auxin or ethylene treatment combination. Ethephon or ACC supplied at 50 or 100 μm was inhibitory to NAA-induced root initiation in juvenile petioles. The pattern of ethylene production stimulated by NAA application was significantly different in juvenile and mature petioles. Ethylen

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23

NOLEN-WALSTON, R. D., E. J. PARENTE, J. E. MADIGAN, F. DAVID, S. E. KNAFO, and J. B. ENGILES. "Branchial remnant cysts of mature and juvenile horses." Equine Veterinary Journal 41, no. 9 (2009): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516409x452161.

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Kang, Hyun. "Components of juvenile-mature correlations in forest trees." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 81, no. 2 (1991): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00215720.

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Chalupa, V. "In vitro propagation of mature trees of Sorbus aucuparia L. and field performance of micropropagated trees." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 12 (2019): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11923-jfs.

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The influence of tree age, explant source and genotype on micropropagation of mature trees of Sorbus aucuparia has been investigated. Experiments demonstrated the feasibility to use juvenile parts of mature trees for in vitro propagation of selected genotypes. Explants from lower branches and from epicormic shoots of mature trees exhibited high multiplication coefficients of microshoots cultured on modified MS agar nutrient medium supplemented with cytokinin (BA, TDZ) and auxin (IBA). Microshoots produced from juvenile parts of mature trees exhibited good rooting response and produced plants w

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OSTERC, Gregor, Franci STAMPAR, and Valentina SCHMITZER. "Biochemical Status of Stock Plants and Their Annual Sprouts as a Crucial Key for Successful Adventitious Root Formation." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, no. 1 (2015): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4319800.

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Leafy cuttings of Prunus subhirtella Miq. â€˜Autumnalisâ€™ were harvested from mature, semi-mature and juvenile stock plants at four dates during the vegetative period 2011 (on 16th of May, on 30th of May, on 20th of June and on 11th of July) and their auxin levels (IAA, IAA-Asp) and sugar content (glucose, sucrose, sorbitol) were quantified. The IAA and IAA-Asp contents in cutting bases increased over the vegetative period, whereby aspartate values were higher than IAA values. The IAA-Asp values ranged from 6.3 Âµg g-1 to 22.7 Âµg g-1 FW and reached two great peaks on 30th of May and on 11th

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Fernando, Dinesh, Peter Rosenberg, Erik Persson, and Geoffrey Daniel. "Ultrastructural aspects of fibre development during the stone groundwood process: New insights into derived pulp properties." Holzforschung 61, no. 5 (2007): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.094.

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Abstract A study was performed on stone groundwood (SGW) pulps produced on a pilot scale. The behaviour of selected juvenile and mature Norway spruce wood samples was investigated. As revealed by standard tests, sheets formed from juvenile wood showed improved light scattering properties, improved tear and tensile strength, and higher sheet density compared to those formed from mature wood. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the differences are likely related to the manner of fibre processing and development at the ultrastructural level. Mature wood fibres showed greater fibre end bre

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Leclerc, N., P. W. Baas, C. C. Garner, and K. S. Kosik. "Juvenile and mature MAP2 isoforms induce distinct patterns of process outgrowth." Molecular Biology of the Cell 7, no. 3 (1996): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.7.3.443.

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Microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) is the most abundant MAP in neurons, where its distribution is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment. This molecule undergoes developmentally regulated alternative splicing, resulting in at least two isoforms, a juvenile isoform (termed MAP2c) and a mature isoform (MAP2), with greatly different molecular masses. Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell expression of the juvenile versus the mature MAP2 isoform generates two distinct patterns of process outgrowth. The smaller juvenile isoform induces multiple short thin processes. Mature MAP2 tends to indu

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Latorraca, João V. F., Oliver Dünisch, and Gerald Koch. "Chemical composition and natural durability of juvenile and mature heartwood of Robinia pseudoacacia L." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83, no. 3 (2011): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652011005000016.

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The aim of this study was to characterize the properties of juvenile and mature heartwood of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust). The content, the composition, and subcellular localization of heartwood extractives were studied in 14 old-grown trees from forest sites in Germany and Hungary, as well as in 16 younger trees of four clone types. Heartwood extractives (methanol and acetone extraction) were analysed by HPLC-chromatography. UV microspectrophotometry was used to localize the extractives in the wood cell walls. The natural durability of juvenile and mature heartwood was analysed acco

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Keith, C. T., and G. Chauret. "Basic wood properties of European larch from fast-growth plantations in eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 10 (1988): 1325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-204.

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A number of basic wood quality characteristics were evaluated in 10 European larch (Larixdecidua Mill.) trees, 5 from each of two rapidly growing plantations in eastern Ontario (approximately 30 years old) and western Quebec (approximately 25 years old). Characteristics evaluated included growth rate, relative density, fibre dimensions, longitudinal shrinkage, alcohol–benzene and water-soluble extractives, and Klason lignin. Radial and longitudinal patterns of variation in wood characteristics were examined and particular attention was given to the distribution of juvenile wood within the stem

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Graves, William R. "IBA, Juvenility, and Position on Ortets Influence Propagation of Carolina Buckthorn from Softwood Cuttings." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 1 (2002): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.1.57.

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Abstract Carolina buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana Walt.) has horticultural potential but is not often propagated or grown as a nursery crop. My objective was to determine how three concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA) affect foliar quality of cuttings, callus development, and rooting of terminal and subtending softwood cuttings from both juvenile and mature stock plants (ortets). Twelve cuttings were assigned to each of 12 factorial treatment combinations and held under intermittent mist for five weeks. Fewer than 10% of cuttings not treated with IBA rooted. Rooting ≥75% resulted when IBA

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CERVANTES, Diana, Mary RIDOUT, Claudia NISCHWITZ, and George NEWCOMBE. "Adult plant resistance to white rust in Lunaria annua." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 2 (2021): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12805.

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Wild plants produce abundant seeds and seedlings, but most die before reaching maturity, and these premature deaths are often caused by pathogens. Major genes for resistance protect some seedlings or juveniles. These selected individuals can become a resistant, mature cohort. Alternatively, plants can exhibit mature, adult plant resistance. These two explanations can be indistinguishable in the field, when epidemics in natural pathosystems occur regularly resulting in annual selection for resistance. This study included multi-year observations of a biennial plant where the distinction could be

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Linderman, J. R., and M. A. Boegehold. "Growth-related changes in the influence of nitric oxide on arteriolar tone." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 4 (1999): H1570—H1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.4.h1570.

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This study was designed to determine whether juvenile growth is accompanied by changes in the local influence of nitric oxide (NO) or prostaglandins on arteriolar tone. In vivo microscopy was used to study proximal arterioles in the spinotrapezius muscle of rats 4–5 wk (weanling), 7–8 wk (juvenile), and 11–12 wk (mature) of age. From 4 to 12 wk of age, arterioles underwent an increase in resting diameter (from 31 ± 2 to 49 ± 2 μm) and volume flow (from 7 ± 1 to 10 ± 1 nl/s) but a decrease in resting wall shear rate (from 1,901 ± 150 to 748 ± 50 s−1). NO synthase inhibition with N G-monomethyl-

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Meng, Qiulu, Feng Fu, Jie Wang, et al. "Ray Traits of Juvenile Wood and Mature Wood: Pinus massonia and Cunninghamia lanceolata." Forests 12, no. 9 (2021): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12091277.

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Ray traits affect secondary xylem development and wood properties. Pinus massonia and Cunninghamia lanceolata, commercially important timber species, were chosen to study the differences in wood ray traits of juvenile versus mature wood. Seven ray traits, i.e., percentage of rays, ray spacing, ray number, uniseriate ray height, fusiform ray height, ray parenchyma cell length and ray tracheid length, as well as eight wood axial tissue traits, were investigated quantitatively. Intraspecific variations in ray traits and axial tissue traits between juvenile wood and mature wood were displayed in v

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Hatta, Muhammad, Caula A. Beyl, and Stephen Garton. "Induction of Roots on Jujube Softwood Cuttings Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 888D—888. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.888d.

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Trees of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), particularly older ones, root with great difficulty. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effects of two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A4 and TR105) on softwood cuttings from two trees—a tree 10 years old not currently bearing flowers, which we called “juvenile” because it still exhibited many juvenile characteristics; and a tree ≈70 years old containing many flower buds, which we called “mature”. The cuttings were collected on 11 May 1994 and trimmed to 7.5 cm. Both strain and source of cutting influenced inoculation success—TR105 was m

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Monteuuis, O., M. C. Bon, and J. Y. Berthon. "MICROPROPAGATION ASPECTS OF SEQUOIADENDRON GIGANTEUM JUVENILE AND MATURE CLONES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 212 (September 1987): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.212.75.

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Ruel, Jonathan, and Thomas G. Whitham. "FAST-GROWING JUVENILE PINYONS SUFFER GREATER HERBIVORY WHEN MATURE." Ecology 83, no. 10 (2002): 2691–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2691:fgjpsg]2.0.co;2.

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Amateis, Ralph L., Harold E. Burkhart, and Jiping Liu. "Modeling survival in juvenile and mature loblolly pine plantations." Forest Ecology and Management 90, no. 1 (1997): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(96)03833-9.

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SODERSTROM, IRINA R., THOMAS C. CASTELLANO, and HEATHER R. FIGARO. "Measuring “Mature Coping” Skills among Adult and Juvenile Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 28, no. 3 (2001): 300–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854801028003003.

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Zhongzhi, Xu, Wang Huimei, and Xia De’an. "The preliminary study on juvenile-mature correlation ofPinus koraiensis." Journal of Forestry Research 8, no. 4 (1997): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02875006.

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Gonçalves, Raquel, and Antônio Carlos Néri. "Orthogonal cutting forces in juvenile and mature Pinus taeda wood." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 4 (2005): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000400002.

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The distinct characteristics of juvenile and mature woods, which are observed particularly in softwoods, have an influence on processing due to their different mechanical resistance properties in relation to cutting operations. In the past, when most of the wood used industrially came from adult trees of natural forests, little importance was given to a distinction between different zones of the tree stem. At present, however, as the supply of mature trees with large diameters from native forests is constantly decreasing, the use of short-cycle trees has become a common practice, through the a

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Fox, Stanley F., Felipe De Jesús Rodríguez-Romero, and Andrea Acevedo Crosby. "Juvenile-juvenile social signalling: a case for precocial sexual selection in the collared lizard, Crotaphytus collaris (Squamata: Crotaphytidae)?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130, no. 2 (2020): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa045.

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Abstract Sexual selection is widespread in animals, but quite naturally studied in adults. Juvenile males in most animals are not differentiated from females and coloration is usually drab. However, there is no reason to suspect that sexual differences cannot develop before puberty, influence social interactions, and then have fitness pay-offs later in life. Juvenile collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris (Say, 1822)) show marked dichromatism: males develop bright dorsolateral orange bars whereas females do not. These juvenile orange bars (JOB) disappear at sexual maturity, when males develop

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Watanabe, Shuntaro, Yuko Kaneko, Yuri Maesako, and Naohiko Noma. "Detecting the Early Genetic Effects of Habitat Degradation in Small Size Remnant Populations of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae)." International Journal of Forestry Research 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9410626.

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Habitat degradation caused by human activities has reduced the sizes of many plant populations worldwide, generally with negative genetic impacts. However, detecting such impacts in tree species is not easy because trees have long life spans. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) is a dominant tree species of broad-leaved evergreen forests distributed primarily along the Japanese coast. Inland habitats for this species have become degraded by human activities. To investigate the effects of habitat degradation on genetic structure, we compared the genetic diversities of mature and juve

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Williams, Claire G. "Accelerated short-term genetic testing for loblolly pine families." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 8 (1988): 1085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-165.

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The following experiment was done to test the hypothesis that acceleration of seedling growth increases the juvenile–mature correlation for growth. Growth traits of 18 open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinustaeda) familes were compared across (i) field trials measured 8 years after planting (mature age), (ii) a short-term test environment with a supplemental incandescent light source (20-h photoperiod) and a higher fertilizer level, and (iii) a short-term test environment with no supplemental day length and a lower fertilizer level. The ranking of two seedlots of known, extreme performance and th

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Zaczek, James J., Kim C. Steiner, Charles W. Heuser, Jr., and Walter M. Tzilkowski. "Effects of serial grafting, ontogeny, and genotype on rooting of Quercus rubra cuttings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 1 (2006): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-223.

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Bud grafts, up to three series over 3 years, were made on seedling and tree rootstocks using scions from juvenile and mature northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Serial grafts on juvenile rootstock used buds collected from shoots developed from grafted scions of prior years. Rooting trials were performed in years 2 and 3 with shoot cuttings developed in situ on seedlings and trees and developed from successful grafts. Without grafting, cuttings from seedlings rooted more frequently and had more roots than cuttings from trees. Significant variation within maturation groups due to genotype and o

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Nowak, Kinga, Marian J. Giertych, Emilia Pers-Kamczyc, Peter A. Thomas, and Grzegorz Iszkuło. "Defence Is a Priority in Female Juveniles and Adults of Taxus baccata L." Forests 12, no. 7 (2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070844.

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Female individuals of dioecious plants invest their resources more in storage and defence, and the males have higher nitrogen content invested in the production of pollen grains. An unresolved problem is whether this strategy occurs only in sexually mature plants or can also occur in juvenile plants. To answer this, Taxus baccata (L.) needles from the mature plants and rooted cuttings (juveniles) in a pot experiment were compared for the content of carbon, nitrogen, starch, total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC), and total phenolic compounds (TPhC). The results indicate that the differences

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Chirva, Olga Vladimirovna, Ksenya Mihajlovna Nikerova, Vera Ivanovna Androsova, and Roman Viktorovich Ignatenko. "Activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in Lobaria pulmonaria from forest communities of middle and northernmost boreal zone (NW Russia)." Czech Polar Reports 9, no. 2 (2019): 228–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2019-2-19.

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the protein content in Lobaria pulmonaria thalli of various ontogenetic stages (studied groups: juvenile and mature) in forest communities of the middle and northernmost boreal subzones (i.e. two habitat groups). Obtained results showed that the protein content in thalli of different ontogenetic stages and habitats did not differ significantly between the two studied groups and ranged from 3.4 to 3.8 mg g-1. Peroxidase (POD) activity was low and did not exceed 0.01 µmol TG mg-1 of protein. No significant diff

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Rebbeck, Joanne, Keith F. Jensen, and Michael S. Greenwood. "Ozone effects on the growth of grafted mature and juvenile red spruce." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 5 (1992): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-102.

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Grafted juvenile and mature scions of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) were grown in open-top chambers at a low-elevation site in central Maine to determine if developmental age of tissue affects response to oxidant pollution. After 18 weeks of ozone exposure, grafted red spruce showed little or no growth response to ozone. No significant ozone effect on biomass production was measured, although there were significant differences between juvenile and mature scions. At the final harvest, juvenile scion stem, stem needles, branches, branch needles, and roots had 60, 18, 74, 73, and 35% more dry we

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Munn, AJ, and TJ Dawson. "The ecophysiology of survival in juvenile red kangaroos Macropus rufus: greater demands and higher costs." Australian Mammalogy 26, no. 2 (2004): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am04161.

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Red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) are large (> 20 kg) herbivorous marsupials common to the arid and semi-arid regions of inland Australia. The population dynamics of M. rufus is tightly linked to environmental factors, which operate partly through the survival of juveniles. A crucial period is the young-at-foot (YAF) stage when juveniles have permanently left the mother?s pouch. YAF and weaned kangaroos have the highest drought-related mortalities of any cohort and show notable differences from adults in their basic physiology. YAF and weaned M. rufus, for example, had a resting metabolic rate

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Monteuuis, Olivier, and Elisabeth Dumas. "Morphological features as indicators of maturity in acclimatized Pinuspinaster from different invitro origins." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 9 (1992): 1417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-188.

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Acclimatized Pinuspinaster Ait. plants originating from five different invitro culture origins were compared morphologically. After one growing season in the greenhouse, the plants displayed the following order of maturity (from juvenile to mature): (i) young seedlings; (ii) plants produced by adventitious budding from cotyledons; (iii) plants derived from micrografted meristems of 2-year-old seedlings; (iv) plants derived from micrografted meristems of a 13-year-old mature clone; and (v) plants derived from microcuttings of axillary shoots of the same 13-year-old mature clone. Plants derived

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