Journal articles: 'Juvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency Juvenile justice'

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LOEBER, ROLF, and DAVID P. FARRINGTON. "Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications." Development and Psychopathology 12, no. 4 (December 2000): 737–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004107.

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An early onset of delinquency prior to age 13 years increases the risk of later serious, violent, and chronic offending by a factor of 2–3. Also child delinquents, compared to juveniles who start offending at a later age, tend to have longer delinquent careers. This article summarizes the report of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention's Study Group on Very Young Offenders, chaired by Rolf Loeber and David P. Farrington. The Study Group, consisting of 16 scholars and 23 coauthors, worked for 2 years on preparing a report, undertaking extensive secondary data analyses, and writing chapters in different speciality areas. The report consists of a state of the art review of the developmental background of child delinquents. The report also summarizes risk and protective factors in the individual, family, peer group, school, and neighborhood that affect that development. Lastly, the report renews relevant preventive and remedial interventions in the juvenile justice system, families, peer groups, schools, and neighborhoods, and makes a case for improvement in the integration of services for child delinquents. Policy recommendations are presented to improve methods of dealing with child delinquents by juvenile justice, child welfare, and mental health agencies.

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Arifi, Blerta, and Besa Kadriu. "The Place of the Criminal Justice for Children in the Legal System of Republic of Macedonia from Its Independence Until Today." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i4.p46-51.

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In this paper the author will analyze the legal treatment of juvenile delinquency in Republic of Macedonia, in historical aspect of the development of its legislation. In this way it will be presented the place of the criminal law for juveniles in the criminal legal system of the country and its development during today. The study will be focused on the innovation of legal protection of delinquent children, especially it will be analyzed the sanctioning of juvenile perpetrators and their special treatment from the majors in Republic of Macedonia. It will be a chronological comparison reflect of the juvenile sanctioning based on some of laws in Macedonia such as: Criminal Code of Former Yugoslavia, Criminal Code of Republic of Macedonia (1996), Law on Juvenile Justice (2007) and Law on Child protection (2013). The purpose of the study is to bring out the types of criminal sanctions for juveniles in Republic of Macedonia from its independence until today which, above all, are aimed on protecting the interests of the juvenile delinquents. Also the author of this paper will attach importance to the so-called “Measures of assistance and protection” provided by the Law on Child protection of Republic of Macedonia, which represent an innovation in the country's criminal law. This study is expected to draw conclusions about how it started to become independent itself the delinquency of minors as a separate branch from criminal law in the broad sense – and how much contemporary are the sanctions to minors from 1996 until today.

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Arifi, Blerta, and Besa Kadriu. "The Place of the Criminal Justice for Children in the Legal System of Republic of Macedonia from Its Independence Until Today." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v6i1.p46-51.

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In this paper the author will analyze the legal treatment of juvenile delinquency in Republic of Macedonia, in historical aspect of the development of its legislation. In this way it will be presented the place of the criminal law for juveniles in the criminal legal system of the country and its development during today. The study will be focused on the innovation of legal protection of delinquent children, especially it will be analyzed the sanctioning of juvenile perpetrators and their special treatment from the majors in Republic of Macedonia. It will be a chronological comparison reflect of the juvenile sanctioning based on some of laws in Macedonia such as: Criminal Code of Former Yugoslavia, Criminal Code of Republic of Macedonia (1996), Law on Juvenile Justice (2007) and Law on Child protection (2013). The purpose of the study is to bring out the types of criminal sanctions for juveniles in Republic of Macedonia from its independence until today which, above all, are aimed on protecting the interests of the juvenile delinquents. Also the author of this paper will attach importance to the so-called “Measures of assistance and protection” provided by the Law on Child protection of Republic of Macedonia, which represent an innovation in the country's criminal law. This study is expected to draw conclusions about how it started to become independent itself the delinquency of minors as a separate branch from criminal law in the broad sense – and how much contemporary are the sanctions to minors from 1996 until today.

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Bhoge, Nitin D., Smita N. Panse, Alka V. Pawar, Girish T. Raparti, Sunita J. Ramanand, and Jaiprakash B. Ramanand. "Study of sociodemographic profile of juvenile boys admitted in an observation home." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2017): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20170117.

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Background: World Health Report estimated that 20% of children and adolescent suffer from a disabling mental illness worldwide. Incidences of vagrancy, delinquency and crime have been growing among steadily increasing juvenile population in the last few years. Various studies have revealed the presence of difficult family environment, lower socio-economic status, and low parental education associated with the psychiatric morbidity in children. Given the growth of juvenile delinquent population, epidemiologic data of this high risk group is becoming increasingly important. Therefore this study was undertaken to study the sociodemographic profile of male juvenile admitted in an observation home.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in an Observation Home for Boys. The study sample consists of 50 boys aged between 6-16 years. Out of 50, 20 juveniles under conflict of law and 30 under care and protection were included.Results: All the juveniles in this study were belonging to the lower socioeconomic status. Delinquency was significantly more common in older age group (12-16 years) than younger age group (6-11 years). The maternal education and school dropout rate had significant correlation with delinquency in our study, found to be more common in juveniles under conflict of law than those under care and protection.Conclusions: Establishment of multidisciplinary mental health services at each juvenile center of India, for complete rehabilitation of the juveniles admitted there, under social justice system is immediately required.

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Khuda, Kudrat E. "Juvenile Delinquency, Its Causes and Justice System in Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis." Journal of South Asian Studies 7, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.007.03.3097.

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Juvenile delinquency and crime are legal definitions rather than specific behavioural or psychiatric syndromes. Since common law is based on theological law, society has historically responded to juvenile delinquency and crime based on moral and religious beliefs regarding the age at which juveniles are criminally responsible rather than from scientific knowledge. Research shows, there is a high percentage of offending among all teenagers, the majority of offences which violate the law are one time occurrences and most often non-violent. Only about 5-10% of adolescents commit violent crimes. This article aims to show how juvenile delinquency is normally belongs to the illiterate and sometimes with low-income families in Bangladesh and how it is impacting negatively on their frequently engage in juvenile crimes. The article also focuses on the juvenile justice system of Bangladesh and provides few recommendations to prevent the juvenile delinquency from society and to more develop its justice system.

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Gearhart, Michael C., and Riley Tucker. "Criminogenic Risk, Criminogenic Need, Collective Efficacy, and Juvenile Delinquency." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 9 (June 12, 2020): 1116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820928568.

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Juvenile delinquency is influenced by reciprocal relationships between micro-level and macro-level factors. The risk, need, and responsivity (RNR) model, and collective efficacy theory are two commonly used frameworks in juvenile justice research. This study builds on previous research by testing indicators of both the RNR model and collective efficacy theory as predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency utilizing data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Taken as a whole, our findings suggest that individual-level factors are strong predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency, whereas the relationship between collective efficacy and juvenile delinquency is limited. This finding emphasizes the importance of addressing individual needs when implementing community-level interventions aimed at preventing delinquency. Failure to do so may result in merely displacing juvenile delinquency as opposed to helping youth desist from delinquent behaviors.

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Gearhart, Michael C. "Parent and Child Perceptions of Collective Efficacy as Predictors of Delinquency." British Journal of Social Work 50, no. 1 (November 23, 2019): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz146.

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Abstract Juvenile delinquency has a negative effect on victims, communities and the individual who commits a delinquent act. However, exposure to the juvenile justice system can be a traumatic event that results in further delinquency—highlighting a need to develop community-based interventions to prevent delinquency. Collective efficacy theory is a commonly used framework to prevent juvenile delinquency. Although community-level interventions have been developed based on collective efficacy, research suggests that they are limited in their effectiveness. This may be due to limitations in our conceptualisation of collective efficacy, and our limited understanding of how perceptions of collective efficacy differ between youths and parents. The present study utilises data from the Fragile Families Child Wellbeing Study to test parent and youth perceptions of collective efficacy as predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency. The results indicate that—although collective efficacy is typically associated with lower levels of juvenile delinquency in neighbourhoods—neither parents’ nor youths’ perceptions of collective efficacy are strong predictors of self-reported juvenile delinquency. The findings suggest that focusing on youth, family and neighbourhood characteristics may maximise the effectiveness of interventions aimed at preventing juvenile delinquency.

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Osho, Gbolahan S. "Is the United States Juvenile Justice System Working: An Empirical Investigation from the Life Course Approach." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 3, no. 1 (April 11, 2013): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v3i1.3006.

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The juvenile court was given jurisdiction over neglect and dependent children for the purpose of this act the words dependent child and neglected shall mean any child who for any reason is destitute or homeless, abandoned, no proper parental care or guardianship; or who habitually begs or receives alms; or who is found living, in any house of ill fame or with any vicious or disreputable person; or whose home, by reason of neglect, cruelty or depravity on the part of its parents, guardian or other person in whose care it may be, is an unfit place for such a child” (Abadinsky pg 102). In 1968 Congress “passed the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act. The act was designed to encourage states to develop plans and programs that would work on community levels to discourage juvenile delinquency. The Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act was precursor to the extensive Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act that replaced it in 1974. However, to prevent a juvenile from committing a crime or re-offending, this study believes that the juvenile court and the state legislators must designed a program that juveniles can participate in and engage them in positive activities. This way a youth will change his or her behavior and become a law-abiding

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Joseph, Janice. "Juvenile Justice/Delinquency Resources." Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2005): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j222v03n03_08.

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Odem, Mary E., and Steven Schlossman. "Guardians of Virtue: The Juvenile Court and Female Delinquency in Early 20th-Century Los Angeles." Crime & Delinquency 37, no. 2 (April 1991): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128791037002003.

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This article analyzes the origins and implementation of a policy and a formal institutional apparatus to discipline female delinquents in early 20th-century Los Angeles. The data derive from original case files of delinquent girls on whom petitions were filed in 1920. The authors seek to shed new light particularly on (a) the juvenile court's basic operations, (b) the social and institutional setting in which modern responses to female delinquency emerged, and (c) the characteristics of the girls petitioned to court. They conclude that the juvenile court held sway in the administration of female juvenile justice until the dawn of the modern women's movement.

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Magoon, Maggie E., Rina Gupta, and Jeffrey Derevensky. "Juvenile Delinquency and Adolescent Gambling." Criminal Justice and Behavior 32, no. 6 (December 2005): 690–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854805279948.

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Despite the increasing body of literature that supports the connection between adolescent gambling and risk-taking behavior, participation in criminal or delinquent acts has not been thoroughly addressed. With the established relationship between substance abuse and juvenile delinquency, past research and prevention, intervention, and treatment programs can be used to help guide issues concerning adolescent gambling for youthful offenders. How problem gambling may create a pattern of behavior that includes illegal acts and delinquent behaviors is examined. The role of the juvenile justice system and educational strategies for intervention, treatment, and follow-up efforts are provided. Suggestions for data collection and research using populations in detention centers to garner further information on problem gambling and deviant behaviors are addressed.

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Friedmann, R. R. "Review Essay: Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice." Criminal Justice Review 13, no. 2 (September 1, 1988): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401688801300210.

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Gatti, Uberto. "Les progrès et leurs effets pervers dans l’application de la justice des mineurs : une perspective comparative." Criminologie 26, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017341ar.

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One of the most important developments in juvenile justice systems in the western countries over this century has been the 1970s crisis of the well established welfare model, a crisis based on the lack of rights in juvenile procedures, the ineffectiveness of treatment interventions and the failure to decrease delinquency in society. The reaction to this situation assumed different forms in different contexts, and showed numerous contradictions. In some countries the justice model, an adultisation of juvenile justice, became dominant; in other countries the «back to justice » movement was not accepted, and other models developed. In the actual organisation of juvenile justice some trends emerged : deinstitutionalisation, diversion and community alternatives to custody, the utilisation of private resources and volunteers inside a public network and bifurcation between serious and normal offenders. The crisis of the welfare model and critical aspects of the justice model for juveniles has stimulated experts and policy makers to search for new paradigms, such as, for exemple, delinquency management, reparation and mediation, which probably represent important elements of the future of juvenile justice systems.

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Butts, Jeffrey A. "Necessarily Relative: Is Juvenile Justice Speedy Enough?" Crime & Delinquency 43, no. 1 (January 1997): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128797043001001.

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Despite 30 years of expanding procedural rights for juveniles, young offenders have not been provided with a constitutional right to a speedy trial. Yet concerns about timeliness are often equally pressing in the juvenile court. This study examines the timing of juvenile justice by analyzing delinquency case processing in nearly 400 jurisdictions. One fourth of all cases required 90 days or more to reach disposition—the maximum recommended by national standards. Processing time varied according to jurisdiction size, the rate of formal adjudications, and other characteristics of juvenile court caseloads.

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Daniluk, Paweł, and Joanna Mierzwińska-Lorencka. "Responsibility of a Juvenile for a Prohibited Act Under Polish Law." International and Comparative Law Review 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0017.

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Summary The law on juvenile delinquency proceedings creates a model of a paternalistic and welfare approach to juvenile justice, the protection and treatment of the juvenile at risk oriented allowing only a certain range, to use criminal sanctions against juvenile perpetrators of prohibited acts. The rule is that juvenile is not liable to the principles defined in the Penal Code, the Code of Petty Offences or the Fiscal Penal Code, and the law is applied to him is the Juvenile Act of 26 October 1982 which does not provide for a criminal responsibility. Special, nonpenal responsibility for juveniles applies for those between 13 and 17 years. For younger juveniles, special measures of exclusively educational and care character are possible.

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FERDINAND, THEODORE N. "JUVENILE DELINQUENCY OR JUVENILE JUSTICE: WHICH CAME FIRST?*." Criminology 27, no. 1 (February 1989): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1989.tb00864.x.

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Steiner, Hans, and Elizabeth Cauffman. "Juvenile Justice, Delinquency, and Psychiatry." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 7, no. 3 (July 1998): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30234-7.

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Munster, Ann. "Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice." Journal of Criminal Justice 22, no. 1 (January 1994): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(94)90051-5.

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Reitsma-Street, Marge. "Girls, Delinquency and Juvenile Justice." Canadian Journal of Criminology 36, no. 3 (July 1994): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.36.3.383.

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Feld, Barry C. "Juvenile (In)Justice and the Criminal Court Alternative." Crime & Delinquency 39, no. 4 (October 1993): 403–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039004001.

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The juvenile court has been transformed from an informal, welfare agency into a scaled-down, second-class criminal court as a result of a series of reforms that divert status offenders, waive serious offenders to adult criminal courts, punish delinquent offenders, and provide more formal procedures. There are three plausible policy responses to juvenile courts that punish in the name of treatment and deny elementary procedural justice: (a) restructure juvenile courts to fit their original therapeutic purpose; (b) accept punishment as the purpose of delinquency proceedings, but coupled with criminal procedural safeguards; or (c) abolish juvenile courts and try young offenders in criminal courts with certain substantive and procedural modifications.

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Kempf-Leonard, Kimberly, and Simon I. Singer. "Recriminalizing Delinquency: Violent Juvenile Crimes and Juvenile Justice Reform." Contemporary Sociology 26, no. 4 (July 1997): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2655120.

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Marcu, Maria, and Diana Hulea. "Early Starter – The Early Detection of Delinquency Risk." Social Change Review 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scr-2013-0018.

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Abstract A social problem of interest to many scholars today is that of juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency is a serious behavioural problem, manifested through behaviours that deviate from the moral and legal norms of society. It was noted in Europe in the last decade an increase in the number of juvenile delinquents and a decrease in the age of young people who commit acts of delinquency. This requires prevention and intervention measures to be applied as early as possible. Prevention can be achieved only when an early detection of risk is performed. One screening tool for assessing risk is The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. This tool is intended to clarify, in a first rough assessment (a so-called ‘screening’) of whether a child is about to become an ‘early starter’; a child showing signs of an early onset delinquent behaviour. In the city of Sibiu the questionnaire was applied within schools and information was provided by teachers relating to 308 pupils in grades I-IV. The main perception of the target group of this study was that children who have committed crimes, but are not criminally responsible, are primarily troubled kids, not criminals with established patterns of behaviour. Consequently, the social and educational systems and not the justice system should bear the responsibility for this target group. From this perspective, it is important that social, educational and therapeutic activities focus on the various individual problems of each child and family.

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Loeber, Rolf, David Farrington, and Santiago Redondo Illescas. "La transición desde la delincuencia juvenil a la delincuencia adulta." Revista Española de Investigación Criminológica 9 (December 14, 2011): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46381/reic.v9i0.123.

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Los investigadores, los profesionales y el público en general debaten qué lleva a los jóvenes a cometer delitos. Algunos consideran que existen "malas" personas, ya problemáticas desde la infancia, y que muchas de ellas se convierten después en delincuentes persistentes. Otros, por el contrario, argumentan que los delincuentes juveniles son fundamentalmente un producto de su entorno: cuanto peor es su ambiente, peor es su comportamiento a lo largo del tiempo. En 2009 se creó por iniciativa del Instituto Nacional de Justicia del Gobierno de Estados Unidos el Grupo de Estudio sobre la transición desde la delincuencia juvenil a la delincuencia adulta (National Institute of Justice –NIJ- Study Group on Transitions from Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime), que ha desarrollado [...]

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Champion, Dean J. "Teenage Felons and Waiver Hearings: Some Recent Trends, 1980-1988." Crime & Delinquency 35, no. 4 (October 1989): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035004005.

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An analysis of recent trends in juvenile waiver or transfer hearings in four states reveals that these hearings are increasingly used as avenues whereby officials may impose more serious penalties on youthful offenders charged with serious crimes. While the present research finds no evidence suggesting that juvenile delinquency is increasing or changing from the pattern of delinquency in previous years, the waiver or transfer appears to be used more frequently for juveniles in the 15-17 age range in order to subject them to the jurisdiction of criminal courts. Increased use of waivers seems closely associated with public rejection of rehabilitation and growing support for the “just-desserts” philosophy of punishment in criminal justice. However, the present investigation suggests that waivers do not automatically result in more severe penalties for most juveniles waived to criminal courts.

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Mingyue, Su. "The Dualistic Model of Juvenile Justice System in China: In & Beyond Criminal Justice." International Annals of Criminology 51, no. 1-2 (2013): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003445200000106.

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SummaryIn October 1984, Shanghai Changning district people's court established the first collegial panel of our country specializing in juvenile criminal cases; and it marks the beginning of the juvenile justice reform in China. After 30 years of development, the philosophy of juvenile justice has changed; juvenile judicial institutions are growing and juvenile justice system has gradually formed. Different from the practices of juvenile court in Western countries such as the U. S., Japan, and Germany, juvenile delinquency or deviant behavior that does not violate the criminal law would not enter the judicial process, but rather, would be handled by administrative agencies such as the police, and subject to coercive measures including educational measures, protective measures, and punitive measures in China. Among these measures, education through Custody as a strict administrative punishment can deprive the personal liberty of the juvenile delinquents for as long as four years. Instead of ruling by court through the due process in accordance with the law, decisions of education through custody are made by the administrative organs in practice. This practice is probably unique in the world.

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LeBlanc, Marc. "La réaction sociale à la délinquance juvénile." Acta Criminologica 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 113–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017017ar.

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AbstractJUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND SOCIAL REACTIONThe object of this research is to define the process of social reaction to juvenile delinquency, as well as the criteria used by the agencies of social control in deciding what factors brand the adolescent a delinquent. Starting with self-reported delinquency, we follow its course within the system of social regulations practised by the public, the police and the courts.The data concern self-reported delinquency (measured by the questionnaire of Nye and Short on self-reported delinquency), delinquency officially known to the police, and the decisions taken by the police and judges with regard to delinquent acts. These data were gathered in five districts in Montreal, representing five social strata.The analysis of the stigma of delinquency showed that there is more chance of working-class subjects entering the juvenile justice system, above all where acquisitive and rebellious delinquency is concerned, especially in relation to the community, the family and sex. Among the middle and upper classes the stigma of delinquency is attached more to aggression and rebellion connected with automobiles and vandalism.As to the origins of social reaction ¦— the way in which an adolescent is admitted to the juvenile justice system .— the citizen reports offences against his person and property, while the police record offences against public order and morals.At the police level, the adolescent is returned to his home if it is a question of rebellion committed by a group between the ages of 12 and 15, whereas he is taken to court if his offence, reported by the citizen, is repeated and of a more serious nature. In the case of those taken to court, the adolescent is detained if he is a recidivist, and receives a summons if it is his first offence.The judges favor special measures in the case of rebelliousness, and no action at all (postponement sine die) in the case of aggression or theft by adolescents of the working class. A recidivist will be institutionalized for a serious infraction and treated within the community in the case of a less serious offence. Re-education in the community is given if the adolescent has been detained, and a fine if he has received a summons.The results clearly show that the characteristics of the delinquent acts are more important than the socioeconomic milieu in determining whatdecisions are taken. However, the socioeconomic milieu does influence admission into the juvenile justice system, as well as judicial reaction. Working-class subjects are given less attention than those from the middle and upper classes, postponement sine die is more often used in the working-class milieu, and fines, re-education within the community and institu-tionalization are more often applied to subjects of the middle and upper classes. Moreover, the margin of discretionary powers in decision making is, on the whole, rather narrow, which means that in the majority of cases, decisions can be explained by no other factors than the characteristics of the delinquent acts. This discretionary margin in decision making is narrow, both at the police and judicial levels, when a choice between particular measures must be made ; on the other hand, there is some leeway, since the judge must choose between postponement sine die and a particular measure. Finally, the course of the offence within the juvenile justice system reinforces the previous decisions through a process of amplification, which, as a consequence, penalizes working-class subjects to some extent.In short, delinquency is an adolescent phenomenon in general, but only a minority of infractions enter and continue to circulate within the juvenile justice system. The criteria for decision making are indeed socio-economic, but more often relate to the past history of the delinquent and the nature of his offence.

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Burton, Chase S. "Child Savers and Unchildlike Youth: Class, Race, and Juvenile Justice in the Early Twentieth Century." Law & Social Inquiry 44, no. 04 (July 2, 2019): 1251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.11.

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This essay analyzes inequality and the construction of childhood in the early US juvenile justice system. Although the juvenile justice movement’s best intentions focused on protecting children from neglect and the criminal justice system, historians have argued that protective juvenile justice was unequal and ephemeral. I critically summarize three histories of juvenile justice: Anthony Platt’sThe Child Savers: The Invention of Delinquency(1969),Geoff Ward’s The Black Child-Savers: Racial Democracy and Juvenile Justice(2012), and Tera Agyepong’sThe Criminalization of Black Children: Race, Gender, and Delinquency in Chicago’s Juvenile Justice System, 1899–1945(2018). I argue that the common thread in these studies is the construction of poor and black youth as unchildlike. Because the juvenile court arose in a context where not all youth were considered children, it never treated all youth as innocent or in need of protection.

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Katner, David R. "The Mental Health Paradigm and the MacArthur Study: Emerging Issues Challenging the Competence of Juveniles in Delinquency Systems." American Journal of Law & Medicine 32, no. 4 (December 2006): 503–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880603200402.

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Understanding the factors that impact a juvenile's adjudicative competence in delinquency and criminal proceedings today requires some familiarity with mental illness, mental retardation, and developmental immaturity. Current research and studies shed new light on these factors that juvenile advocates, prosecutors, judges, and policymakers must routinely confront. This article discusses some of the issues involved in competency determinations of juveniles awaiting trial; addressing both the more traditional factors, such as mental illness and mental retardation, and some of the more recent studies and literature identifying developmental immaturity as an emerging basis for challenging the competency of juveniles to stand trial.Juvenile justice systems routinely presume that adolescents accused of delinquent or criminal misconduct are competent to stand trial. Adults charged with criminal misconduct are also presumed to be competent. Competency requires that citizens accused of criminal misconduct understand the charges against them, have rudimentary understanding of the court process, be able to understand and answer questions posed to them by their counsel, and be able to make decisions about their trial such as whether to testify, and whether to accept or reject plea bargains.

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Hackler, James C. "Practicing in France What Americans Have Preached: The Response of French Judges to Juveniles." Crime & Delinquency 34, no. 4 (October 1988): 467–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128788034004007.

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Despite a downturn in delinquency in North America, juvenile justice systems and the public act as if there has been an increase in delinquency. Calls for “get-tough” policies are common and the system is responding accordingly. The recent Canadian Young Offenders Act also reflects this theme. However, most criminologists argue for keeping juveniles in normal community settings, and France may have accomplished what these scholars have been recommending since World War II. Relatively few youths are placed in closed custody. When a juvenile is being helped, the notion of punishment is set aside. For example, if a juvenile leaves a group home it is not an offense. Incarceration is not used when a youth fails to obey administrative rules. This paternalistic system pays minimal attention to due process, but it may avoid the negative aspects of North American systems while providing services that are utilized more effectively.

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Chesney-Lind, Meda. "Girls' Crime and Woman's Place: Toward a Feminist Model of Female Delinquency." Crime & Delinquency 35, no. 1 (January 1989): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035001002.

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This article argues that existing delinquency theories are fundamentally inadequate to the task of explaining female delinquency and official reactions to girls' deviance. To establish this, the article first reviews the degree of the androcentric bias in the major theories of delinquent behavior. Then the need for a feminist model of female delinquency is explored by reviewing the available evidence on girls' offending. This review shows that the extensive focus on disadvantaged males in public settings has meant that girls' victimization and the relationship between that experience and girls' crime has been systematically ignored. Also missed has been the central role played by the juvenile justice system in the sexualization of female delinquency and the criminalization of girls' survival strategies. Finally, it will be suggested that the official actions of the juvenile justice system should be understood as major forces in women's oppression as they have historically served to reinforce the obedience of all young women to the demands of patriarchal authority no matter how abusive and arbitrary.

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Du, Yu. "Developing an integrated biosocial theory to understand juvenile delinquency: from the social, cognitive, affective, and moral (SCAM) perspectives." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190751.

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Biosocial theory has made considerable progress in explaining juvenile delinquency and making explicit references for juvenile justice policy during the past decades. However, because biosocial theory aims to identify multiple risk factors, it makes juvenile justice practice and develop delinquency prevention programs difficult. This paper proposes an integrated biosocial theory from the social, cognitive, affective, and moral (SCAM) perspectives to understand juvenile delinquency and facilitate the development and improvement of prevention and intervention programs. The article briefly summarizes the background and the key concepts of the chosen criminological theories and the logic of theoretical integration. Then it articulates the four aspects of the integrated biosocial theory and how it can contribute to criminology in details. Lastly, the paper identifies its potential limitations and provides practical implications.

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Dembo, Richard, and James Schmeidler. "A Classification of High-Risk Youths." Crime & Delinquency 49, no. 2 (April 2003): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702251054.

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The authors report the results of developing and evaluating a classification of 315 arrested youths processed at the Hillsborough County Juvenile Assessment Center in Tampa, Florida. Cluster analysis of summary measures of nine baseline alcohol/other drug use and self-reported delinquency variables identified four groups of youths: (a) low-level delinquents and drug users, (b) high-level delinquents, (c) hair-test-identified marijuana and cocaine users, and (d) self-reported drug users. The validity of the typology was assessed by comparing the clusters of youths on their(a) educational experiences; (b) delinquency referral history; (c) neglect, abuse, and family problem history; (d) close friends’ problem behavior; and, of particular interest, given the focus of the analyses, (e) emotional/psychological functioning and mental health and substance abuse treatment history. The findings indicate the youths were experiencing overlapping delinquency, alcohol/other drug use, and emotional/psychological problems. The cooccurrence of these problems among youths entering the juvenile justice system extends findings of their co-occurrence reported in studies of incarcerated youths.

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Basto-Pereira, Miguel, and Ângela da Costa Maia. "Early adversity and adult delinquency: the mediational role of mental health in youth offenders." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 24, no. 8 (August 2019): 2805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018248.27142017.

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Abstract This research explores the mediational role of mental health in the relationship between early adverse experiences and current self-reported delinquency in young adults with past juvenile justice involvement. Seventy-five young adults with official records of juvenile delinquency in 2010/2011 filled out our protocol in 2014/2015 including the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the D-CRIM questionnaire (evaluating delinquency). The global level of adverse experiences during childhood and adolescence was related to mental health problems and self-reported delinquency in young adulthood, while psychopathological symptoms were also related to current self-reported delinquency. The mental health indicator partially mediated the link between early adversity and current self-reported offending in individuals with past juvenile justice involvement. Our results are in line with previous psychological and neurobiological approaches and highlight the importance of mental health services in youth offender rehabilitation. Future directions for research are provided.

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Tapia, Mike. "U.S. Juvenile Arrests." Youth & Society 43, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 1407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x10386083.

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This study addresses the link between gang membership and arrest frequency, exploring the Gang × Socioeconomic status interaction on those arrests. Notoriously poor, delinquent, and often well-known to police, America’s gang youth should have very high odds of arrest. Yet it is unclear whether mere membership in a gang increases the risk of arrest or whether it must be accompanied by high levels of delinquency to have an effect. There are surprisingly few tests of the arrest risk associated solely with group membership. The several studies that provide such a test have yielded mixed results. Revisiting this issue with longitudinal youth data for the nation, random effects Poisson models find main effects for gang membership and SES on arrest, controlling for demographic and legal items. However, interaction effects obtain paradoxical findings consistent with research on “out-of-place” effects for high-SES gang youth, and protective effects for low-SES gang youth. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for labeling theory and the federal initiative on disproportionate minority contact (DMC) with the juvenile justice system.

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Mohammed Ibrahim, Ayesha. "Exploring Role model, Parenting and Juvenile Delinquents in the Selected Poems." Utamax : Journal of Ultimate Research and Trends in Education 2, no. 3 (November 27, 2020): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/utamax.v2i3.5480.

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“What Children see, Children do”, role modeling is a momentous progression in child’s life. All children have role model at some point in their lives. The point is who they see as their model. This may seem trivial whereas it creates an enormous impression on the impending behaviour and resolutions of the child. It is important for a child to have a social life. Peer and community may also affect the antisocial behaviour of a child. If a child is antisocial or excluded by the peer group, this may lead to stress, apprehension and downheartedness and may even shoddier psychological disturbances. This escalates the risk of crime among juveniles. There are various reasons for delinquency it can be psychological, economic, political and social. This paper tries to answer the questions, whether Juvenile Delinquency is a social issue and how it can be recognized in the teaching or learning environment and what are the implications of Juvenile Delinquency for teachers and students. It also analyses role modeling and parenting in the selected poems in the anthology titled Teen Poems from behind Bars poems written by youth at Denney Justice Center in Everett, Washington.

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Little, Michelle. "Book Review: Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice." Psychology of Women Quarterly 39, no. 3 (August 3, 2015): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684315589325.

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Marquez, Stephanie Amedeo. "Book Review: Girls, Delinquency, and Juvenile Justice." Criminal Justice Review 18, no. 2 (September 1993): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401689301800209.

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Wong, Dennis S. W. "Delinquency Control and Juvenile Justice in China." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 32, no. 1 (April 1999): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589903200104.

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JANEKSELA, GALAN M. "The Significance of Comparative Analysis of Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 16, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1992.9688990.

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Fagan, Jeffrey, Ellen Slaughter, and Eliot Hartstone. "Blind Justice? The Impact of Race on the Juvenile Justice Process." Crime & Delinquency 33, no. 2 (April 1987): 224–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001112878703300203.

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The increasing prevalence of minority youth in the juvenile justice system has renewed concerns over racial disparities in juvenile justice processing. Previous research has yielded ambiguous results, with findings complicated by methodological shortcomings, divergent research strategies, and design artifacts. To resolve questions on the extent and source of racial disparities in juvenile justice processing, research is needed on the nature, location, and magnitude of discrimination in the juvenile justice system. This study examines racial disparities in decision making at six points in the juvenile justice process, from apprehension through judicial commitment decisions. Samples of Anglo and minority youth were drawn at each point, controlling for offense severity, other offense characteristics, and extralegal factors in addition to race. The results show racial disparities at each point, with minorities consistently receiving harsher dispositions. Disparities took different forms at various stages of the process, usually for nonserious offenses. Race was a direct, indirect, and interactive influence at various decision points. Disparities were observed at other times only when controlling for other extralegal factors such as family status. The results suggest that the juvenile justice system reflects social and economic disparities endemic in other social domains. The correlates of delinquency in minority and predominantly Anglo populations are similar. Accordingly, base rate differences may be less important than societal reaction in explaining the overrepresentation of minorities in the juvenile justice process. The narrowing of social gaps may also reduce disparate perceptions of minorities in the juvenile justice system, and restore their population balance in delinquent populations.

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Meldrum, Ryan C., Teresa M. Encalada, and George M. Connolly. "At the End of Their Rope." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 15, no. 3 (February 25, 2016): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016635258.

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The concept of self-control has been used to account for a wide variety of outcomes, both criminal and otherwise. Recently, researchers have started investigating associations between parental self-control and family functioning. This study expands this area of research by assessing the extent to which parental low self-control and official involvement in juvenile delinquency is associated with parental exasperation among a sample of parents ( N = 101) whose children have been processed through a juvenile justice assessment facility. The results indicate that parents who are lower in self-control and whose children have had more extensive involvement in officially recorded delinquency report greater exasperation regarding their children. In addition, the data indicate the effect of parental low self-control on parental exasperation is stronger at higher levels of delinquent behavior. The implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

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Pickett, Justin T. "Blame Their Mothers: Public Opinion About Maternal Employment as a Cause of Juvenile Delinquency." Feminist Criminology 12, no. 4 (January 11, 2016): 361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085115624759.

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Juvenile justice reformers and practitioners have long blamed mothers for juvenile delinquency, identifying maternal employment as a key cause of youthful offending. The current study uses data from registered voters ( N = 10,144) to examine public views about whether maternal employment in two-parent households promotes juvenile delinquency. The results show that only a small minority of citizens blame working mothers for youth crime. The findings also reveal that views about the criminogenic consequences of maternal employment for children are predicted by factors that are strongly associated with gendered self-interest and exposure to nonegalitarian narratives. Implications of the findings are discussed.

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Peck, Jennifer H. "The Importance of Evaluation and Monitoring Within the Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Mandate." Race and Justice 8, no. 4 (November 4, 2016): 305–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368716675923.

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In 2002, the reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 required that states participating in the Formula Grants Program must put forth a good faith effort at addressing juvenile delinquency and the presence of minority youth at all decision-making points of the juvenile justice system without the use of numerical quotas. The last decade has brought about increases in states’ efforts at identifying and assessing the extent of disproportionate minority contact (DMC) across juvenile court contacts. Many states have already implemented or are currently implementing intervention and prevention efforts at reducing DMC. However, the segments of identification, assessment, and intervention are only three of the five phases of the DMC mandate. In light of the progression of the DMC mandate since its original implementation in 1988, the purpose of this essay is to spark discussion on the future of examining DMC in the juvenile justice system through a researcher’s perspective. Various topics that relate to DMC are presented as ideas for readers to consider, as they progress with their research agendas.

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Ozanne, Julie L., Ronald Paul Hill, and Newell D. Wright. "Juvenile Delinquents’ Use of Consumption as Cultural Resistance: Implications for Juvenile Reform Programs and Public Policy." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 17, no. 2 (September 1998): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569801700204.

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Each year, the juvenile justice system spends billions of dollars to handle approximately 700,000 youths. Yet the rate of recidivism remains high and suggests that this problem and its solutions are not understood fully. The problem of juvenile delinquency exacts a high toll on society in terms of the loss of property, life, and, each year, more disaffected youth. Using ethnographic data as a basis, the authors explore the experiential world of a group of institutionalized, young offenders. By focusing on the meaning of crime and consumption for these youths, the authors hope to shed light on how crime and consumption are used to produce a style of resistance. In the meaning of their possessions, these juvenile delinquents both affirm and disaffirm some of the dominant values in society. The authors use these impulses in the youths’ lives to inform the conduct of current reform programs, as well as public policy.

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Włodarczyk-Madejska, Justyna. "Zbieranie danych o nieletnim w praktyce polskich sądów." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 53 (February 1, 2020): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.53.11.

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Collecting data on juvenile delinquency in the practice of Polish courtsThe model of proceeding with juveniles applicable in Poland assumes an in-depth knowledge of a juvenile. Knowing this allows us to make an accurate diagnosis, and thus to react in the right way. How does the court get to know a juvenile? How often do supporting institutions engage in this process? How does he assess evidence in the form of an environmental interview or a diagnostic opinion, and which one is used in the process of adjudication? I provide answers to these questions in this article. The basis for their granting were the results of my own research carried out in 2015–2016 at two institutions: Department of Criminology, Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Justice. These were both the research of juvenile case files and surveys of representatives of the judiciary — a nationwide survey and individual semi-structured qualitative interviews.

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Thompson, Anthony P. "Juvenile offending: An overview in support of assessing risk factors, needs, and strengths." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 18, no. 2 (2001): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200028406.

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AbstractThis article provides information about some of the key concepts and principles that define society’s approach to juvenile offenders. These are explicated as models of juvenile justice. The causes of juvenile offending are also elaborated through considering various theories of juvenile delinquency. Next, the prevalence of juvenile crime is addressed followed by an overview of preventative and responsive interventions to reduce juvenile offending. The article makes the case for a systematic approach to assessing risk factors, needs, and strengths. This approach fits well with major threads in the juvenile justice arena. It is also necessary in order to make sound and useful decisions about young offenders.

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FEDOTOVA, EVGENIYA N. "Current state of practical applying criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment for a certain period in relation to juveniles." Vedomosti (Knowledge) of the Penal System 229, no. 6 (2021): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51522/2307-0382-2021-229-6-32-44.

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The article analyzes the criminal punishment in the form of imprisonment for a certain period in terms of its application to juveniles. The article considers the criminal, penal and criminological aspects, as well as the correlation of the procedure for applying the specified criminal punishment with the provisions of international standards in the administration of juvenile justice. The subject of the article is the statistical reporting of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Russian legislation, provisions of international regulatory legal acts, scientific literature on the stated topic. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively analyze punishment in the form of imprisonment for a certain period of time as a type of punishment applied to juveniles, to identify problems in the practice of its appointment and execution in relation to the designated category of persons, as well as to find possible ways of eliminating such problems. The methodological basis of the research was made up of statistical, comparative legal, systemic and structural methods, analysis, synthesis, induction and other general scientific methods. The author has investigated the essence and content of imprisonment, the procedure for its appointment to juveniles, analyzed the data of judicial statistics. On the basis of statistical data of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the practice of organizing the execution of sentences in the form of imprisonment in relation to underage persons has been studied. A criminological personality study of a juvenile convicted to this type of criminal punishment, held in an educational colony, has been carried out. The main tendencies and peculiarities of appointing imprisonment for juveniles and the practice of its implementation are revealed, the effectiveness of this type of punishment for juveniles is assessed, the existing problems are formulated, and the author's ways of eliminating them are proposed. In conclusion, the author states that, in general, the practice of applying imprisonment to juveniles does not have critical problems and complies with the requirements of international normative legal acts. The main problem is the weak organization of post-penitentiary monitoring of minors who have served their imprisonment sentence. Key words: juvenile, imprisonment, educational colony, juvenile delinquent, juvenile delinquency, re-socialization.

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Sadovnikova, M. N. "Technification as an approach to realization of The child-friendly justice concept in terms of technologies of mediation and restorative justice: theory and practice questions." Psychology and Law 6, no. 4 (2016): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2016060408.

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Author of the article describes the "Technification", and report about its role in resolving the conflicts that appears in a process of working with children. The article reports about social Technologies that can effect the problem of juvenile delinquency and prevent manifestation of deviation in children’s behavior. Author focuses on the special role of restorative approach and technology of mediation in process of working of specialists involved in prevention of delinquency of children. The article is devoted to the working problems of specialists involved in prevention of delinquency of children. The Author highlights the special role of "Technification" of key branches of the child-friendly justice concept as more effective approach. On the example of using restorative-mediation technologies the author proves the algorithm of technification and possibilities of its realization in practice. The author draws attention to the "Shire krug" technology as a way for correcting of juvenile delinquency problem.

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McIntosh, James R. "Book Review: Juvenile Delinquency and Justice: Sociological Perspectives." Teaching Sociology 38, no. 1 (January 2010): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x09354052.

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Tracy, Paul E., Kimberly Kempf-Leonard, and Stephanie Abramoske-James. "Gender Differences in Delinquency and Juvenile Justice Processing." Crime & Delinquency 55, no. 2 (April 2009): 171–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128708330628.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Juvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency Juvenile justice'

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