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Journal articles on the topic 'Juvenile Fiction / Animals / General'
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1
Patranobish, Paromita. "Speaking Crows and Alien Fish: Nonhuman Cosmopolitanisms in Satyajit Ray's Speculative Fiction." Science Fiction Studies 51, no. 2 (July 2024): 258–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2024.a931155.
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ABSTRACT: I approach Satyajit Ray's sf stories as postcolonial interventions into Western Enlightenment discourses of scientific rationality. I trace the trajectory of these concerns as they are reflected in narratives centered around nonhuman animals, published in various Bengali juvenile magazines between 1961 and 1992. Ray's stories offer a critical site for interrogating, revising, and expanding the possibilities of a Kantian moral philosophy of cosmopolitanism for post-independence contexts of democratic governance, industrialization, and urbanization. Ray's sf enables readers to imagine a posthuman cosmopolitics (to use Isabelle Stengers's concept) as an alternative to colonial cartographies of personhood and the centrifugal impulse of postcolonial nation formation. My article addresses the significant but underexplored role played by Ray's ecological thinking and care for the nonhuman animal in his postcolonial politics. Ray's sf harnesses the possibilities of Bengali speculative fiction, including Kalpavigyan's model of a fluid science to posit a speculative vision of a future-oriented cosmopolitics where the possibility for non-reciprocal and untranslatable proximities becomes a conceptual foundation for thinking about alterity.
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Cittinger, Christopher A., Harry L. Holloway, and Thomas M. Derrig. "Maintenance of Juvenile Paddlefish as Experimental Animals." Progressive Fish-Culturist 54, no. 2 (April 1992): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1992)054<0121:mojpae>2.3.co;2.
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Deka, Parag Kumar. "Coetzee's Animal Ethics." Journal of Animal Ethics 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21601267.12.2.04.
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Abstract J. M. Coetzee's novels pay equal ethical attention to human and nonhuman animal suffering. By addressing ethical issues about animals through the medium of fiction, Coetzee responds to and investigates both the actual and discursive exploitation of nonhumans. This essay looks at two of Coetzee's important apartheid-period novels and shows how the author uses various literary methods to posit an ethical and ontological equality of all living creatures and to stress the shared embodiedness of humans and animals. In Coetzee's fiction, this embodiedness is often presented as the ground for equal consideration of nonhuman animals.
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Newsinger, John. "Book reviews : Taking sides: the juvenile fiction of Rhodri Jones." Race & Class 36, no. 1 (July 1994): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639689403600108.
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van den Bos, Ruud, Klaske J. van der Horst, Annemarie M. Baars, and Berry M. Spruijt. "Is it Possible to Replace Stimulus Animals by Scent-filled Cups in the Social Discrimination Test?" Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, no. 3 (May 2002): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203000306.
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A study in which the rat social discrimination test was refined is described. This test measures social memory by using, in general, juvenile rats as stimulus animals. Rats are offered a first juvenile to investigate (learning trial), and after a specified interval, the rats are offered the same rat and a second juvenile rat to investigate again (retrieval trial). When the rats sniff the second juvenile in the retrieval trial more than the first, social memory for the first juvenile is said to be present. This test is mainly based on scents from the juvenile. Attempts were made to refine the test to reduce the number of animals used, to enhance the scope of the test, and to improve its validity. Firstly, the stimulus animals were replaced by the scent of juveniles, in the form of cups filled with sawdust taken from cages of juvenile rats. Similar results to those in the original test were obtained when using these scents. Furthermore, male and female scents were tested, and showed the same results as for the juvenile scents. Secondly, rats were also given two cups (one scent-filled and one filled with plain sawdust) in the learning trial, to determine which allowed a more-precise delineation of motivational, discriminatory and memory components. Overall, it is possible to replace stimulus animals by scent-filled cups in the social discrimination test, to enhance the scope of the test, and to draw more-valid conclusions with respect to social memory.
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Mukhamedov, Bahrambek, Evelina Koldarova, and Obid Kurbanov. "A clinical case of pityriasis rubra pilaris - juvenile type." Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan 20, no. 3 (June 28, 2023): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23950/jcmk/13360.
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Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare chronic inflammatory papulo-squamous skin disease, the pathogenesis of which is still unclear. The pathological essence of the disease is associated with a violation of keratinization against the background of hyperactivity of keratinocytes with subsequent inflammation, as well as with vitamin A dysmetabolism and a weakening of the protein-binding fiction of the liver. Unfortunately, treatment is complex with inconsistent improvement from topical therapies, including emollients, keratolytics, corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, and retinoids. We present a clinical case of the juvenile type of Devergie’s disease in a 3-year-old child, which was caused by poisoning.
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Farel, Paul B., and D. L. McIlwain. "Neuron addition and enlargement in juvenile and adult animals." Brain Research Bulletin 53, no. 5 (November 2000): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00387-7.
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Bopp-Filimonov, Valeska. "Saddening Encounters. Children and Animals in Romanian Fiction and Beyond." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.2.01.
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"The aim of this essay is to give some impetus to a re-reading of classic Romanian literature by taking an approach inspired by Animal and Childhood Studies to larger questions of ideological currents and social cultural phenomena in the Romanian society. I chose four short texts by Ioan Alexandru Brătescu-Voinești, Elena Farago, and Ion Barbu that originate from the beginning of the 20th century and are currently considered as part of the Romanian literary canon. They are, at least partially, addressed to children and they all contain violent human-animal encounters. The fact that this element of violence has not prevented the texts from becoming and continuing to be canonical adds a new dimension to Animal Studies scholarship, which has so far mainly mirrored the increasingly “civilised” human-animal relation in countries with an early developing bourgeois social strata where animals became pets and thus friends and family members. The study also challenges the existing interpretations of Romanian literature: instead of applying aesthetic criteria, a thematic thread is followed with reflections on the social relevance of the recurring topos which seems to store a more deeply anchored cultural experience. A closer look at both the “disempowered and oppressed positions” (Feuerstein) that children and animals occupy in both literary texts and real-life society poses the practical question of how greater harmony can be created in the future. Keywords: animal studies, childhood studies, human-animal encounters, violence, Romanian literature, Barbu, Brătescu-Voinești, Farago "
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Jory, Brian, William Fleming, and David Burton. "Characteristics of Juvenile Offenders Admitting to Sexual Activity with Nonhuman Animals." Society & Animals 10, no. 1 (2002): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853002760030860.
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AbstractThis study compared the family characteristics, victimization histories, and number of perpetration offenses of juvenile offenders who admitted to having had sex with animals to juvenile offenders who did not. The study found that 96% of the juveniles who had engaged in sex with nonhuman animals also admitted to sex offenses against humans and reported more offenses against humans than other sex offenders their same age and race. Those juveniles who had engaged in sex with animals were similar to other sex offenders in that they also came from families with less affirming and more incendiary communication, lower attachment, less adaptability, and less positive environments. Those juveniles who had engaged in sex with animals reported victimization histories with more emotional abuse and neglect and a higher number of victimization events than other offenders. This would seem to indicate that sex with animals may be an important indicator of potential or co-occurring sex offenses against humans and may be a sign of severe family dysfunction and abuse that should be addressed in the arenas of psychological intervention, juvenile justice programs, and public policy.
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Henderson, Antonia, and Marla Anderson. "Pernicious Portrayals: The Impact of Children's Attachment to Animals of Fiction on Animals of Fact." Society & Animals 13, no. 4 (2005): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853005774653645.
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AbstractThis paper argues that the lack of distinction between human and nonhuman animals in the fantastic world of children's literature and film results in distorted representations of intelligence, capabilities, and morality of nonhuman animals. From the perspective of attachment theory, the paper shows how humans internalize and sustain misrepresentations throughout adulthood and how these misrepresentations influence relationships with real animals. An ongoing search for the ideal "Walt Disney dog" of childhood jeopardizes relationships to companion animals. Trying to recreate the fantasy dog by genetic manipulation of a real animal's characteristics results in needless distress for companion animals. Because the companion does not meet expectations engendered by childhood stories, normal dog behaviour—chewing, digging, and barking—may result in relinquishing the dog for adoption and subsequent euthanasia. Shifting to the scientific realm, the paper discusses the on-going debate on the study of animals' human-like abilities, most salient in ape language programs. In closing, the paper discusses the disservice done to real animals as illusions of childhood and subsequent misunderstandings leave them judged by impossible, anthrocentric standards—which they rarely can fulfill.
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Liden, William H., Mary L. Phillips, and Jens Herberholz. "Neural control of behavioural choice in juvenile crayfish." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1699 (June 16, 2010): 3493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1000.
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Natural selection leads to behavioural choices that increase the animal's fitness. The neuronal mechanisms underlying behavioural choice are still elusive and empirical evidence connecting neural circuit activation to adaptive behavioural output is sparse. We exposed foraging juvenile crayfish to approaching shadows of different velocities and found that slow-moving shadows predominantly activated a pair of giant interneurons, which mediate tail-flips that thrust the animals backwards and away from the approaching threat. Tail-flips also moved the animals farther away from an expected food source, and crayfish defaulted to freezing behaviour when faced with fast-approaching shadows. Under these conditions, tail-flipping, an ineffective and costly escape strategy was suppressed in favour of freezing, a more beneficial choice. The decision to freeze also dominated in the presence of a more desirable resource; however, the increased incentive was less effective in suppressing tail-flipping when paired with slow-moving visual stimuli that reliably evoked tail-flips in most animals. Together this suggests that crayfish make value-based decisions by weighing the costs and benefits of different behavioural options, and they select adaptive behavioural output based on the activation patterns of identifiable neural circuits.
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Lambert, Shannon. "Experimental Bodies: Animals, Science, and Collectivity in Contemporary Short-Form Fiction." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.2.05.
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"In the relatively short time since its establishment as an area of research, literary animal studies has become a burgeoning field covering a significant amount of intellectual terrain: traversing, for example, thousands of years of history and an array of human-animal encounters like pet ownership and breeding, hunting, farming, and biotechnology. However, few scholars have focused their attention on “experimental animals”—that is, animals used in experiments within and beyond laboratories—and fewer still have investigated the aesthetic and ethical challenges of representing these animals (and literary animals more generally) as collectives. This article uses the polysemy of “the experimental” to think together innovative literary forms and descriptions of scientific research and experimentation. In particular, it considers some of the tensions that arise in literary experiments that feature representations of animal collectives in science. In place of an in-depth study of a single text, I draw on Natalia Cecire’s vocabulary (2019) of the “flash” to explore how Tania Hershman’s short story “Grounded: God Glows” (2017), Karen Joy Fowler’s “Us” (2013), and an excerpt from Thalia Field’s Bird Lovers, Backyard (2010) constitute an ecology of experimental texts which, when considered alongside one another, highlight patterns of animal multiplicity and movement. Foregrounding literary strategies like fragmentation, we-narrative, and synecdoche and juxtaposition, I argue that snapshots of animal collectives in Hershman, Fowler, and Field accumulate into a shimmering and hybrid multitude of bodies resistant to uncritical forms of literary anthropomorphism and impersonal scientific practices that frequently transform such bodies into readable and interpretable “data.” Keywords: laboratory animals, experimentation, flash, form, fragmentation, we-narrative, synecdoche, juxtaposition "
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Katelyn Mathew. "How Young Adult Crime Fiction Influences and Reflects Modern Adolescents." Digital Literature Review 10, no. 1 (April 18, 2023): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/dlr.10.1.108-119.
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When we read crime fiction, we oftentimes expect a cast dominated by adult characters. This is likely a result of decades’ worth of popular crime fiction narratives almost exclusively containing adult characters. The earliest literature in the mystery and crime genre that was targeted towards younger audiences contained teenage detectives and adult criminals because it allowed the younger audiences to read about powerful teenagers overthrowing adult authority while still only engaging in acceptable moral activities in an attempt to decrease or discourage juvenile delinquency. A newer trend among young adult crime fiction novels is the adolescent playing the part of the criminal in addition to the detective. Applying social cognitive theory explored in the study conducted by Black and Barnes to the roles of adolescents in Karen M. McManus’s young adult mystery novel One of Us Is Lying and its sequel One of Us Is Next, this paper will analyze the novels’ adolescent characters to show how adolescent characters in young adult crime fiction reflect their young audiences’ desires to subvert adult hierarchies while still displaying acceptable morals and how they possibly influence their sense of morality.
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Bregović, Monika. "Virginia Woolf’s Fish." Cross-cultural studies review 2, no. 3-4 (2021): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.38003/ccsr.2.1-2.4.
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Aquatic creatures such as pikes, salmon and whales feature prominently in the poetry, fiction and painting of the Modernist period. It should therefore come as no surprise that water-dwelling animals, and fish especially, were fascinating to Virginia Woolf too. Woolf’s interest in fish (among other animals) can be accounted for by the profound changes in human-animal relations that mark the period of Modernism, and which were brought about by the unyielding influence of taxonomy and Darwin’s theory of evolution, but also new developments in ethology and ecology that appeared in early 20th century. This article addresses the significance of fish as both zoometaphor and individual subject in the fiction and non-fiction of Virginia Woolf. First, I comment on the significance of fishes in connection to Modernist ideas on beauty. Then, I analyze fishing allegories and fish-related motifs in the context of Woolf’s own (feminist) poetics. In the last part of the article I analyze the posthuman potential of animal consciousness that could be regarded as superior to the human one.
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Wieczorkiewicz, Aleksandra. "Inspiration from Translation: The Golden Age of English-Language Children’s Literature and Its Impact on Polish Juvenile Fiction." Tekstualia 2, no. 65 (September 13, 2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2751.
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The article presents a cross-sectional view of the impact of the translations of English-language juvenile literature of the Golden Age on Polish literary production for young readers. This panorama of infl uences and reception modes is presented in three comparative close-ups, dealing with characters and recipients (English ‘girls’ novels’ and their Polish equivalents), literary convention (adventure novels), and fairytale quality, imagination, and fantasy (Polish literary works inspired by English classic fantasy books). The study shows that Golden Age children’s literature transferred into Polish by means of translation brought new trends, motifs, genres and themes to Polish juvenile literature, signifi cantly contributing to its development.
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Vinke, CM, J. van Leeuwen, and BM Spruijt. "Juvenile farmed mink (Mustela vison) with additional access to swimming water play more frequently than animals housed with a cylinder and platform, but without swimming water." Animal Welfare 14, no. 1 (February 2005): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860002892x.
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AbstractThe opportunity to perform play behaviour may be an important ontogenic activity that stimulates behavioural variability and may enhance an individual's coping capacity later in life. Play behaviour in juveniles may be enhanced by the presence of cage enrichments relevant to the animal's motivations and natural behavioural repertoire. The present study aimed to investigate play behaviour in juvenile farmed mink reared and housed with the cage enrichments standard for the Dutch housing system (ie a cylinder and platform) and in an experimental group of animals with the same standard enrichments but with additional access to swimming water. Juvenile mink with access to swimming water played significantly more in the main cage than mink reared and housed with the cylinder and platform but without swimming water. The results suggest that swimming water presents the animals with biologically relevant stimuli that directly or indirectly influence the development of play behaviour. Specific implications for the animals' long-term welfare are discussed. Future studies should elucidate the effects of juvenile play on the occurrence of abnormal behavioural patterns in adulthood more precisely and more thoroughly.
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Cristancho, Ana G., Natalia Tulina, Amy G. Brown, Lauren Anton, Guillermo Barila, and Michal A. Elovitz. "Intrauterine Inflammation Leads to Select Sex- and Age-Specific Behavior and Molecular Differences in Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010032.
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Sex-specific differences in behavior have been observed in anxiety and learning in children exposed to prenatal inflammation; however, whether these behaviors manifest differently by age is unknown. This study assesses possible behavioral changes due to in utero inflammation as a function of age in neonatal, juvenile, and adult animals and presents potential molecular targets for observed differences. CD-1 timed pregnant dams were injected in utero with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 μg/animal) or saline at embryonic day 15. No differences in stress responses were measured by neonatal ultrasonic vocalizations between LPS- and saline-exposed groups of either sex. By contrast, prenatal inflammation caused a male-specific increase in anxiety in mature but not juvenile animals. Juvenile LPS-exposed females had decreased movement in open field testing that was not present in adult animals. We additionally observed improved memory retrieval after in utero LPS in the juvenile animals of both sexes, which in males may be related to a perseverative phenotype. However, there was an impairment of long-term memory in only adult LPS-exposed females. Finally, gene expression analyses revealed that LPS induced sex-specific changes in genes involved in hippocampal neurogenesis. In conclusion, intrauterine inflammation has age- and sex-specific effects on anxiety and learning that may correlate to sex-specific disruption of gene expression associated with neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Beitel, Ralph E., Maike Vollmer, Marcia W. Raggio, and Christoph E. Schreiner. "Behavioral training enhances cortical temporal processing in neonatally deafened juvenile cats." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 2 (August 2011): 944–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00731.2010.
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Deaf humans implanted with a cochlear prosthesis depend largely on temporal cues for speech recognition because spectral information processing is severely impaired. Training with a cochlear prosthesis is typically required before speech perception shows improvement, suggesting that relevant experience modifies temporal processing in the central auditory system. We tested this hypothesis in neonatally deafened cats by comparing temporal processing in the primary auditory cortex (AI) of cats that received only chronic passive intracochlear electric stimulation (ICES) with cats that were also trained with ICES to detect temporally challenging trains of electric pulses. After months of chronic passive stimulation and several weeks of detection training in behaviorally trained cats, multineuronal AI responses evoked by temporally modulated ICES were recorded in anesthetized animals. The stimulus repetition rates that produced the maximum number of phase-locked spikes (best repetition rate) and 50% cutoff rate were significantly higher in behaviorally trained cats than the corresponding rates in cats that received only chronic passive ICES. Behavioral training restored neuronal temporal following ability to levels comparable with those recorded in naïve prior normal-hearing adult deafened animals. Importantly, best repetitition rates and cutoff rates were highest for neuronal clusters activated by the electrode configuration used in behavioral training. These results suggest that neuroplasticity in the AI is induced by behavioral training and perceptual learning in animals deprived of ordinary auditory experience during development and indicate that behavioral training can ameliorate or restore temporal processing in the AI of profoundly deaf animals.
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PYE, GEOFFREY W., R. AVERY BENNETT, RENEE PLUNSKE, and JEFF DAVIDSON. "Endoscopic Salpingohysterectomy of Juvenile Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)." Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 15, no. 2 (June 2001): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2001)015[0090:esojcn]2.0.co;2.
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Hutchison, Jennifer M., and Franklyn Garry. "Ill Thrift and Juvenile Llama Immunodeficiency Syndrome." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 10, no. 2 (July 1994): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30566-1.
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Luhmann, Heiko J., and Thomas Kral. "Hypoxia-Induced Dysfunction in Developing Rat Neocortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 1212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1212.
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Luhmann, Heiko J. and Thomas Kral. Hypoxia-induced dysfunction in developing rat neocortex. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1212–1221, 1997. Neocortical slices from young [postnatal day (P) 5–8], juvenile (P14–18), and adult (>P28) rats were exposed to long periods of hypoxia. Field potential (FP) responses to orthodromic synaptic stimulation, the extracellular DC potential, and the extracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]o] were measured simultaneously in layers II/III of primary somatosensory cortex. Hypoxia caused a 42 and 55% decrease in the FP response in juvenile and adult cortex, respectively. FP responses recorded in slices from young animals were significantly more resistant to oxygen deprivation as compared with the juvenile ( P < 0.01) and adult age group ( P < 0.001) and declined by only 3% in amplitude. In adult cortex, hypoxia elicited, after 7 ± 4.5 min (mean ± SD), a sudden anoxic depolarization (AD) with an amplitude of 14 ± 6 mV and a duration of 0.89 ± 0.28 min at half-maximal amplitude. Although the AD onset latency was significantly longer in P5–8 (12.5 ± 4.9 min, P < 0.001) and P14–18 (8.7 ± 3.2 min, P < 0.002) cortex, the amplitude and duration of the AD was larger in young (45.7 ± 7.6 mV, 2.19 ± 0.71 min, both P < 0.001) and juvenile animals (29.9 ± 9.1 mV, P < 0.001, 0.96 ± 0.26 min, P > 0.05) when compared with the adults. The hypoxia-induced [Ca2+]odecrease was significantly ( P < 0.002) larger in young cortex (1,115 ± 50 μM) as compared with the adult (926 ± 107 μM). Prolongation of hypoxia after AD onset for >5 min elicited in young and juvenile cortex a long-lasting AD with an amplitude of 40.5 mV associated with a decrease in [Ca2+]oby >1 mM. On reoxygenation, only slices from these age groups showed spontaneous repetitive spreading depression in 3 out of 26 cases. In adults, the same protocol caused a significantly ( P < 0.05) smaller and shorter AD and never a spreading depression. However, recovery in synaptic transmission after this long-term hypoxia was better in young and juvenile cortex, indicating a prolonged or even irreversible deficiency in synaptic function in mature animals. Application of ketamine caused a 49% reduction in the initial amplitude of the AD in juvenile cortex but did not significantly affect the AD in slices from adult animals. These data indicate that the young and juvenile cortex tolerates much longer periods of oxygen deprivation as compared with the adult, but that a sufficiently long hypoxia causes severe pathophysiological activity in the immature cortex. This enhanced sensitivity of the immature cortex is at least partially mediated by activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors.
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Abrosimova, Ekaterina, and Sanya Madzhaeva. "NOMINATION OF THE SUBJECT OF VETERINARY DISCOURSE: SEMANTIC FEATURES AND TRENDS OF FORMATION." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 475, no. 5 (August 17, 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2023-475-5-7-15.
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The article is devoted to the systematization of the names of the main agent of veterinary discourse — a person who treats animals and prevents their diseases. The nomasiological approach is applied which includes description of the nominations in their connection with changing ideas about veterinary in diachrony. The material of the study is the names of a professional treating animals, recorded in explanatory dictionaries, professional reference books and documents, historical sources, fiction, journalism. Designations common to medicine and veterinary medicine, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, for traditional rural crafts and treatment of animals are specified.
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Song, Dageum. "Liberal Educational Implications of Korean Women’s Science Fiction in the 2010s : Focusing on Cheon Seonran’s <I>A Thousand Blue</I>." Korean Association of General Education 17, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2023.17.4.101.
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The emergence of women's science fiction in the 2010s is notable for its narrative achievements in imagining various possibilities of the ‘posthuman’ in the new reality brought about by the development of science and technology. Research on women’s science fiction has also been conducted in the context of the posthuman, with two main research trends: technofeminism, which affirms the union between women and science, and critical posthumanist research on ableism. However, these studies lack a perspective on animality that encompasses humans and nonhumans. The discussion of science fiction inevitably confronts the disregard for life and instrumentalist exploitation, which can be seen as increasing with the development of science and technology. Therefore, the issues of human and non-human minorities, vulnerability, and animality are the ultimate challenges of a posthuman society and are central to the discussion of science fiction. If posthumanism dreams of a ‘better’ post-human world, it should focus on ‘animals, including humans’. Therefore, in order to generate categories of thought for discussion topics that can be utilized in liberal arts education, this paper adds the animal axis to the existing discussion and discusses the correlation between the three concepts of minorities, vulnerability, and animality in Cheon Seonran’s science fiction novel <i>A Thousand Blue</i>. As we have seen, the educational implications of the novel are that it connects humans and animals through disability and points out the problems of the technological society that will come in the near future as an extension of today, pointing out that the posthuman society should be designed from the lowest position. In addition, the novel’s significance lies in the fact that it creates a point of debate, rather than simply sealing the issue by establishing a desirable human-animal relationship. The novel shows that by adding a species axis to the posthumanist discussion, we can start to think about how to redesign society.
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Song, Dageum. "Liberal Educational Implications of Korean Women’s Science Fiction in the 2010s : Focusing on Cheon Seonran’s <I>A Thousand Blue</I>." Korean Association of General Education 17, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2023.17.4.87.
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The emergence of women's science fiction in the 2010s is notable for its narrative achievements in imagining various possibilities of the ‘posthuman’ in the new reality brought about by the development of science and technology. Research on women’s science fiction has also been conducted in the context of the posthuman, with two main research trends: technofeminism, which affirms the union between women and science, and critical posthumanist research on ableism. However, these studies lack a perspective on animality that encompasses humans and nonhumans. The discussion of science fiction inevitably confronts the disregard for life and instrumentalist exploitation, which can be seen as increasing with the development of science and technology. Therefore, the issues of human and non-human minorities, vulnerability, and animality are the ultimate challenges of a posthuman society and are central to the discussion of science fiction. If posthumanism dreams of a ‘better’ post-human world, it should focus on ‘animals, including humans’. Therefore, in order to generate categories of thought for discussion topics that can be utilized in liberal arts education, this paper adds the animal axis to the existing discussion and discusses the correlation between the three concepts of minorities, vulnerability, and animality in Cheon Seonran’s science fiction novel <i>A Thousand Blue</i>. As we have seen, the educational implications of the novel are that it connects humans and animals through disability and points out the problems of the technological society that will come in the near future as an extension of today, pointing out that the posthuman society should be designed from the lowest position. In addition, the novel’s significance lies in the fact that it creates a point of debate, rather than simply sealing the issue by establishing a desirable human-animal relationship. The novel shows that by adding a species axis to the posthumanist discussion, we can start to think about how to redesign society.
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Adhuze, Dr Helen Idowu. "The Face And Phases Of Anthropomorphism In Children’s Literature." Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2022.v01i01.006.
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Anthropomorphism, the imposition of human traits on nonhuman objects and animals, is an ancient tradition in the art of storytelling. Existing studies on anthropomorphism in literature have mostly focused on its being a satirical device in adult fiction but paid less attention to how anthropomorphism is constructed in literature for children. This study was executed to examine the depiction of anthropomorphism through folktales, modern fables, and digitales-in selected contemporary Nigerian prose narratives for children intending to establish the use of anthropomorphized characters to bring abstract concepts to life. Jean Piaget’s cognitive constructivism was adopted as the theoretical framework for the study. Five narratives were purposively selected because of their relevance to the study. The narratives were subjected to critical analyses. The face of anthropomorphism is revealed as a rhetorical tool through personification and metaphoric expressions. Anthropomorphism in children’s narratives serves as an attention grabber and a means of giving concrete information on learning through cognitive constructivism which is effective through a literature-based learning experience. In juvenile literature, anthropomorphism is used in building a relational attitude between the young readers and the fictional characters in the text for subtle facilitation of knowledge.
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Coirini, Héctor, Mariana Rey, María Claudia Gonzalez Deniselle, and María Sol Kruse. "Long-Term Memory Function Impairments following Sucrose Exposure in Juvenile versus Adult Rats." Biomedicines 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112723.
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We previously described that excessive consumption of sucrose during youth produces fear memory and anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Here, we evaluated whether high cognitive function is also affected by studying early sucrose consumption in object recognition memory (NOR). Male Sprague Dawley rats were tested for short-term, long-term, and consolidated NOR after 25 days of unlimited sucrose access in juvenile (PD 25–50) or adult age (PD 75–100). All rats spent equal time exploring the two objects during the sample phase T1. When animals were exposed for 2 h, 24 h, or 7 days to a copy of the objects presented in T1 and a novel object, the sucrose-exposed juvenile group failed to distinguish between the familiar and the novel objects in contrast with the rest of the groups. Sucrose-exposed animals developed hypertriglyceridemia and glucose intolerance, but juvenile animals showed increased fasting glycemia and sustained the glucose intolerance longer. Moreover, sucrose decreased hippocampal proBDNF expression in juveniles while it was increased in adults, and sucrose also increased RAGE expression in adults. The NOR exploration ratio correlated negatively with basal glycemia and positively with proBDNF. Taken together, these data suggest that sucrose-induced alterations in glucose metabolism may contribute to a long-term decline in proBDNF and impaired recognition memory.
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Bliss-Moreau, Eliza, Gilda Moadab, Melissa D. Bauman, and David G. Amaral. "The Impact of Early Amygdala Damage on Juvenile Rhesus Macaque Social Behavior." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 12 (December 2013): 2124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00483.
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The present experiments continue a longitudinal study of rhesus macaque social behavior following bilateral neonatal ibotenic acid lesions of the amygdala or hippocampus, or sham operations. Juvenile animals (approximately 1.5–2.5 years) were tested in four different social contexts—alone, while interacting with one familiar peer, while interacting with one unfamiliar peer, and in their permanent social groups. During infancy, the amygdala-lesioned animals displayed more interest in conspecifics (indexed by increased affiliative signaling) and paradoxically demonstrated more submission or fear (Bauman, Lavenex, Mason, Capitanio, & Amaral, 2004a, this journal). When these animals were assessed as juveniles, differences were less striking. Amygdala-lesioned animals generated fewer aggressive and affiliative signals (e.g., vocalizations, facial displays) and spent less time in social interactions with familiar peers. When animals were observed alone or with an unfamiliar peer, amygdala-lesioned animals, compared with other subjects, spent more time being inactive and physically explored the environment less. Despite the subtle, lesion-based differences in the frequency and duration of specific social behaviors, there were lesion-based differences in the organization of behavior such that lesion groups could be identified based on the patterning of social behaviors in a discriminant function analysis. The findings indicate that, although overall frequencies of many of the observed behaviors do not differ between groups, the general patterning of social behavior may distinguish the amygdala-lesioned animals.
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Green, Joshua S., and Dan H. Sanes. "Early Appearance of Inhibitory Input to the MNTB Supports Binaural Processing During Development." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 6 (December 2005): 3826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00601.2005.
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Despite the peripheral and central immaturities that limit auditory processing in juvenile animals, they are able to lateralize sounds using binaural cues. This study explores a central mechanism that may compensate for these limitations during development. Interaural time and level difference processing by neurons in the superior olivary complex depends on synaptic inhibition from the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), a group of inhibitory neurons that is activated by contralateral sound stimuli. In this study, we examined the maturation of coding properties of MNTB neurons and found that they receive an inhibitory influence from the ipsilateral ear that is modified during the course of postnatal development. Single neuron recordings were obtained from the MNTB in juvenile (postnatal day 15–19) and adult gerbils. Approximately 50% of all recorded MNTB neurons were inhibited by ipsilateral sound stimuli, but juvenile neurons displayed a much greater suppression of firing as compared with those in adults. A comparison of the prepotential and postsynaptic action potential indicated that inhibition occurred at the presynaptic level, likely within the cochlear nucleus. A simple linear model of level difference detection by lateral superior olivary neurons that receive input from MNTB suggested that inhibition of the MNTB may expand the response of LSO neurons to physiologically realistic level differences, particularly in juvenile animals, at a time when these cues are reduced.
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Laird, Tessa. "Zoognosis: When Animal Knowledges Go Viral. Laura Jean Mackay’s The Animals in That Country, Contagion, Becoming-Animal, and the Politics of Predation." Animal Studies Journal 10, no. 1 (2021): 30–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/asj.v10i1.4.
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This paper proposes a creative neologism: zoognosis, with an added g, to indicate that knowledges can be transmitted virally from animals to humans. If so, what are the animals trying to tell us? Laura Jean Mackay’s The Animals in That Country (2020) provides an opportunity to find out. Mackay’s prescient novel was written before, but published during, the COVID-19 pandemic, and is about a ‘zooflu’ that enables the infected to understand animals. The author has forged a poetic language based on animal sensory perceptions, what ethologist Jakob von Uexküll termed Umwelten. In doing so Mackay effects a ‘becoming-animal’ of the text, reintroducing readers to their own animality. Mackay’s ‘perspectivism’ enables us to see from the point-of-view of non-human animals, forcing a reckoning with animal abuse and extractive lifeways. While her speculative fiction is bleak, it offers tools for attunement and thinking-with non-human others.
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Moreno Redondo, Rosa María. "Animal Representation in Recent Anglophone Science Fiction: Uplifting and Anthropomorphism in Nnedi Okorafor’s "Lagoon" and Adam Roberts’s "Bête"." Oceánide 12 (February 9, 2020): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37668/oceanide.v12i.28.
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Science fiction in the last decades has often empowered machines and provided humans with enhanced characteristics through the use of technology (the limits of artificial intelligence and transhumanism are frequent themes in recent narratives), but animal empowerment has also been present through the concept of uplifting, understood as the augmentation of animal intelligence through technology. Uplifting implies providing animals with the capacity to speak and reason like humans. However, it could be argued that such implementation fails to acknowledge animal cognition in favour of anthropomorphized schemes of thought. Humankind’s lack of recognition of different animal types of communication has been portrayed in fiction and often implies the adaptation of the animal Other to human needs and expectations, creating a post-animal that communicates its needs to the reader through borrowed words. The main objective of this article is to analyze the use of uplifting as a strategy to give voice to animals in two science fiction novels written in English, both published in the twenty-first century: Lagoon (2014) by Nigerian-American Nnedi Okorafor and Bête (2014) by British author Adam Roberts. This article examines, from ecocritical and human-animal studies (HAS) perspectives, the differencesand similarities in the exploration of the theme in both novels, which are often related to humankind’s willingness or refusal to regard the Other as equal.
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Hone, David W. E., Darren H. Tanke, and Caleb M. Brown. "Bite marks on the frill of a juvenile Centrosaurus from the Late Cretaceous Dinosaur Provincial Park Formation, Alberta, Canada." PeerJ 6 (October 12, 2018): e5748. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5748.
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Bite marks on bones can provide critical information about interactions between carnivores and animals they consumed (or attempted to) in the fossil record. Data from such interactions is somewhat sparse and is hampered by a lack of records in the scientific literature. Here, we present a rare instance of feeding traces on the frill of a juvenile ceratopsian dinosaur from the late Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta. It is difficult to determine the likely tracemaker(s) but the strongest candidate is a small-bodied theropod such as a dromaeosaur or juvenile tyrannosaur. This marks the first documented case of carnivore consumption of a juvenile ceratopsid, but may represent scavenging as opposed to predation.
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Nagasawa, Miho, Satomi Kuramochi, Azumi Hamamoto, Toshitaka Yamakawa, and Takefumi Kikusui. "A Pilot Study of the Effects of Human Intervention on Canine Group Movement Behavior." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 33, no. 3 (June 20, 2021): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2021.p0572.
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Dogs are the oldest domesticated animals. The process of domestication of dogs is still unclear; however, they have established themselves as human partners and are sometimes more cooperative with humans than their conspecifics. In this study, to determine the effect of affiliative human presence on group behavior in dogs, we conducted short-time trials analyzing dog group movements. There was a hierarchical relationship in which juvenile dogs were aware of adult dogs, and adult dogs were aware of human movements. We also found that the age of the juvenile dog and the characteristics of their mothers may affect the movement behavior of juvenile dogs.
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Ford, Scott L., Sara Wentz, and Michael Garner. "Intracoelomic Teratoma in a Juvenile Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)." Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 3 (September 2006): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1647/2005-011r.1.
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Dr. Shazia Akbar. "Desire of Death in Sadiq Hidayat,s selected short stories." DARYAFT 15, no. 02 (December 26, 2023): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/daryaft.v15i02.345.
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Sadiq Hidayat is renown Persian writer. He is one of the few Iranian Persian writers whose many fictions have been translated into Urdu. He introduced modern techniques in Persian fiction. In some of his stories Sadiq Hidayat has presented the subject of death from different angles. somewhere in the human being there is a desire to escape from his problems in the death. This desire of death can be found in some of his short stories because he also committed suicide by suffocating poison gas on April 9, 1951 in Paris. This research article is based on an effort to find different aspects of sadness and sensitivity in his Urdu translated short stories. He has skillfully made the individual and collective problems and psychological confusions of people in his fiction. He also tried to reflect the lives of depressed people and their emotional downfalls. In his fiction there is a noticeable deep observation of marital attitudes depression۔ He has also mentioned the life of animals and their death. The death, as solution of problems can be seen especially in his stories. This is an analytical research study, based on Urdu translations of his fiction. We can observe that death; especially suicide is very favorite subject of his characters.
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Dressel, Susann, David Devaux, Giuliana Rosato, Karl Nuss, and Francesca Del Chicca. "Multimodality imaging characteristics of arterial aneurysm in a juvenile goat." Veterinary Record Case Reports 8, no. 3 (September 2020): e001213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001213.
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Peripheral arterial aneurysm is a rarely documented condition in animals. In the present report, the authors describe a four-month-old male goat with a persisting firm mass in the scapular region with no signs and history of previous trauma. A multimodal imaging approach was used to visualise characteristic features attributed to peripheral aneurysmal formation. Gross and histopathological analysis confirmed the antemortem diagnosis of a true, saccular aneurysm originating from the axillary artery.
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Morris, P. A., and H. Warwick. "A Study of Rehabilitated Juvenile Hedgehogs After Release Into the Wild." Animal Welfare 3, no. 3 (August 1994): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600016821.
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AbstractMany juvenile hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are ‘rehabilitated’ with little or no previous experience of life in the wild. A study is described in which twelve such animals were monitored after release in Devon. They quickly learned their way about, built nests and found them again, and interacted normally with each other and with wild conspecifics. While several showed significant weight loss, this represented only the excess accumulated in captivity. Deaths caused by a predator (badger) and motor cars suggest that captives destinedfor release should not be allowed to become tame and unwary. However, deaths are to be expected in natural circumstances and at least one third of these animals survived beyond the nine-week study, despite having no previous experience of life in the wild. This supports the belief that, although deaths are to be expected, rehabilitating hedgehogs (even naïve juveniles) is possible and worthwhile.
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Mussies, Martine. "“Dashing and daring, courageous and caring”: Neomedievalism as a Marker of Anthropomorphism in the Parent Fan Fiction Inspired by Disney’s Adventures of the Gummi Bears." Dzieciństwo. Literatura i Kultura 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 60–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32798/dlk.625.
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As is already visible in its opening credits, the television series Disney’s Adventures of the Gummi Bears (1985–1991) uses neomedievalism to confirm the anthropomorphism of the titular characters. More than 35 years after this series’ first episode aired, this phenomenon is still easily traceable in the parent fan fiction, online stories about the Gummi Bears, written for children by adults. This paper addresses two seemingly overlooked fields: The Gummi Bears series and the fan fiction it inspired. It shows that this anthropomorphic perception adds new perspectives on human relations with the natural environment and on the treatment of animals, and thus contributes to building the awareness of ecological and animal rights in societies, especially when it comes to future generations.
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Bernardina, Nara Rubia D., Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima, Silas N. Ronchi, Edgar M. Wan Der Mass, Glauciene J. Souza, Livia C. Rodrigues, Nazaré S. Bissoli, and Girlandia A. Brasil. "Oxandrolone treatment in juvenile rats induced anxiety-like behavior in young adult animals." Neuroscience Letters 761 (September 2021): 136104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136104.
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Atli, O., U. Demir-Ozkay, S. Ilgin, TH Aydin, EN Akbulut, and E. Sener. "Evidence for neurotoxicity associated with amoxicillin in juvenile rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 35, no. 8 (October 1, 2015): 866–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115607948.
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Amoxicillin (AMX) is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics for children, and childhood is the period to have the highest risk for toxicity cases including drug-induced adverse reactions. Some neurological adverse effects (anxiety, hyperactivity, confusion, convulsions, and behavioral changes) have been reported related to AMX treatment. In the present study, we aimed to determine the neurotoxic effects of AMX administration at clinically relevant doses in female juvenile rats. AMX was administered in single oral daily doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg for 14 days. According to our results, while AMX administration caused a significant increase in the immobility time of animals, swimming time of these animals significantly decreased. AMX administration significantly reduced the onset of pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. The serotonin levels of brain tissues in the AMX-administered groups were decreased significantly, which is thought to be related to depression. The glutamate levels in brain tissues increased significantly in AMX-administered groups, which is thought to be related to convulsion. Otherwise, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly decreased in brain tissues of AMX-administered groups. In conclusion, AMX administration triggered depression and shortened the time of the appearance of first seizure in juvenile rats. Also, altered brain neurotransmitter levels and increased oxidative stress observed in our study were thought to be the possible underlying mechanisms of AMX-induced neurotoxicity.
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Pisa, João Paulo Novelletto, Sharon Muriel Zantut Jansen, and Denise Pereira Leme. "Dos livros para a vida real: Quais terapias para a saúde mental dos cavalos da série Heartland de Lauren Brooke são usadas na prática?" Revista Agraria Academica 4, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32406/v4n5/2021/12-25/agrariacad.
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Literature books can be a means of studying animals, the area is called zooliterature. The Heartland book series, by Lauren Brooke, shows a rehabilitation center for horses with emotional problems where therapies are used to find a cure for horses. Do the therapies used in fiction are real options for the equestrian sector? To answer this, a literature review was carried out to verify if there are scientific studies of medicinal plants, folk remedies, Bach flower remedies, aromatherapy and T-Touch® mentioned in the series. They can motivate research and practices for the mental health of animals, considering a critical and a scientific perspective.
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Fonseca, Leandro A., Andres M. O. Orozco, Pollyanna C. Souto, Lorraine R. S. Dornelas, Wilson P. C. Filho, Fabricia M. Girardi, Pedro A. N. Ermita, and Valéria Fagundes. "Plasma cholinesterase activity as an environmental impact biomarker in juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas)." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40, no. 1 (January 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6000.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of plasma cholinesterase in Chelonia mydas marine turtles belonging to two populations, according to their capture sites, under the absence and probable influence of anthropic effects. A total of 74 animals were used and later divided into two groups, based on the capture site. Blood samples were collected from all captured animals, which were then released into the sea at the site of capture. A descriptive statistical analysis of the plasma cholinesterase activity values and an analysis comparing these values based on the capture site were performed. Samples of heparinized plasma from animals captured at the two different sites were analyzed. Plasma cholinesterase activity ranged from 121 to 248U/L, with a mean and standard deviation of 186.1±30.68U/L. When comparing plasma cholinesterase activity values in individuals based on the capture site, a significant difference was observed. Establishing reference values for different sea turtle populations is necessary to interpret future sampling results and to allow sea turtles to be used as sentinels of ecosystem health. Future studies are needed to evaluate other populations and the activity of plasma cholinesterase in juvenile marine turtles, in relation to environmental contamination.
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Nikitina, O., S. Kutia, and M. Kriventsov. "STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE STOMACH OF JUVENILE RATS AFTER REGULAR ADMINISTRATION OF AN ENERGY DRINK." Crimea Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3 (November 8, 2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2224-6444-2021-11-3-34-39.
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Nowadays energy drinks are very popular, especially among young people. Their adverse effect on the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and on some organs of the digestive system is well studied. Of great practi- cal interest is the study of the complex effect of energy drinks on the gastrointestinal tract and, in particular, on the stomach during regular, long-term consumption of energy drinks, as well as when they are consumed together with physical activity, due to the popularity of energy drink consumption during sports activities. The aim of the study was to establish the peculiarities of structural changes in the stomach tissues of rats when energy drinks are consumed with and without additional physical exertion. The experiment was performed on 54 two-month-old male Wistar rats. Animals of the experimental groups daily for 10, 30 and 60 days received intragastrically with 10 ml/kg energy drink. Some of these animals were additionally subjected to physical load simulated on a treadmill. The control group of animals received distilled water in the same volume. Histological descriptive analysis revealed no significant structural changes in the gastric mucosa in the group of rats administered the energy drink for 10 days compared with the control group. Administration of the energy drink for 30 and 60 days leads to the appearance of degenerative-necrotic and inflammatory changes in the stomach, as well as an increase in its acid-producing and mucus-forming function. In the group of animals with simulated physical loadtogether with energy drink consumption, the changes are similar in their direction and expression to those found in the group of rats without additional physical load.
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Richards, Isabel, and Anna-Sophie Jürgens. "Being the environment: Conveying environmental fragility and sustainability through Indigenous biocultural knowledge in contemporary Indigenous Australian science fiction." Journal of Science & Popular Culture 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jspc_00031_1.
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In contemporary Indigenous Australian fiction, all (non-)human animals, plants and the land are interconnected and interdependent. They are aware that they are not in the environment but are the environment. The planet and its non-human inhabitants have a creative agency and capacity for experience that demands our ethical consideration. In this article we investigate how Ambelin Kwaymullina’s Tribe novels and Ellen van Neerven’s novella Water empower environmental awareness by promoting sustainability and protection of the environment – within their fictional worlds and beyond. We argue that the human–nature relationship explored in these science fiction texts conveys the importance of Indigenous biocultural knowledge for resolving twenty-first-century global challenges. We clarify the role of fictional texts in the broader cultural debate on the power and importance of Indigenous biocultural knowledge as a complement to western (scientific) understanding and communication of environmental vulnerability and sustainability. Contemporary Indigenous Australian literature, this article shows, evokes sympathy in readers, inspires an ecocentric view of the world and thus paves the path for a sustainable transformation of society, which has been recognized as the power of fiction. Indigenous Australian fiction texts help us to rethink what it means to be human in terms of our relationship to other living beings and our responsibility to care for our planet in a holistic and intuitive way.
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Siefert, J., K. H. Hillebrandt, M. Kluge, D. Geisel, P. Podrabsky, T. Denecke, M. Nösser, et al. "Computed tomography-based survey of the vascular anatomy of the juvenile Göttingen minipig." Laboratory Animals 51, no. 4 (December 8, 2016): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677216680238.
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Over the past 50 years, image-guided procedures have been established for a wide range of applications. The development and clinical translation of new treatment regimens necessitate the availability of suitable animal models. The juvenile Göttingen minipig presents a favourable profile as a model for human infants. However, no information can be found regarding the vascular system of juvenile minipigs in the literature. Such information is imperative for planning the accessibility of target structures by catheterization. We present here a complete mapping of the arterial system of the juvenile minipig based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Four female animals weighing 6.13 ± 0.72 kg were used for the analyses. Imaging was performed under anaesthesia, and the measurement of the vascular structures was performed independently by four investigators. Our dataset forms a basis for future interventional studies in juvenile minipigs, and enables planning and refinement of future experiments according to the 3R (replacement, reduction and refinement) principles of animal research.
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Williams, Michelle L., Lori A. Torrini, E. Joseph Nolan, and Zachary J. Loughman. "Using Classical and Operant Conditioning to Train a Shifting Behavior in Juvenile False Water Cobras (Hydrodynastes gigas)." Animals 12, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12101229.
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All animals have the capacity to learn through operant conditioning and other types of learning, and as a result, zoos and other animal care facilities have shifted towards the use of positive reinforcement training to shape the behavior of animals under their care. Training offers animals the choice to participate in their own husbandry routines and veterinary procedures, while also providing mental stimulation. By adopting these practices, the welfare of animals in human care has improved, but it has not been applied equally across taxa. Snakes are frequently overlooked in the discussion of choice and control in a captive setting, likely due to the historical misinterpretation of their intelligence and behavioral needs. In this study, a shaping plan was developed for 28 juvenile false water cobras (Hydrodynastes gigas), a rear-fanged venomous species, from four clutches. Snakes were rewarded with food when completing behaviors related to the ultimate goal of following a target into a shift container. The purpose of this study is to incorporate the trained behaviors in routine husbandry practices, while preventing unnecessary stress in the snakes and risk to the keeper.
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Joo, Soohyung, Erin Ingram, and Maria Cahill. "Exploring Topics and Genres in Storytime Books: A Text Mining Approach." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 16, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29963.
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Objective – While storytime programs for preschool children are offered in nearly all public libraries in the United States, little is known about the books librarians use in these programs. This study employed text analysis to explore topics and genres of books recommended for public library storytime programs. Methods – In the study, the researchers randomly selected 429 children books recommended for preschool storytime programs. Two corpuses of text were extracted from the titles, abstracts, and subject terms from bibliographic data. Multiple text mining methods were employed to investigate the content of the selected books, including term frequency, bi-gram analysis, topic modeling, and sentiment analysis. Results – The findings revealed popular topics in storytime books, including animals/creatures, color, alphabet, nature, movements, families, friends, and others. The analysis of bibliographic data described various genres and formats of storytime books, such as juvenile fiction, rhymes, board books, pictorial work, poetry, folklore, and nonfiction. Sentiment analysis results reveal that storytime books included a variety of words representing various dimensions of sentiment. Conclusion – The findings suggested that books recommended for storytime programs are centered around topics of interest to children that also support school readiness. In addition to selecting fictionalized stories that will support children in developing the academic concepts and socio-emotional skills necessary for later success, librarians should also be mindful of integrating informational texts into storytime programs.
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Heller, Meera C., and Munashe Chigerwe. "Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Enteritis in Neonatal and Juvenile Ruminants." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 34, no. 1 (March 2018): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.08.001.
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González-Varo, Juan P., Sarah Díaz-García, Juan M. Arroyo, and Pedro Jordano. "Seed dispersal by dispersing juvenile animals: a source of functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes." Biology Letters 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 20190264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0264.
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Juvenile animals generally disperse from their birthplace to their future breeding territories. In fragmented landscapes, habitat-specialist species must disperse through the anthropogenic matrix where remnant habitats are embedded. Here, we test the hypothesis that dispersing juvenile frugivores leave a footprint in the form of seed deposition through the matrix of fragmented landscapes. We focused on the Sardinian warbler ( Sylvia melanocephala ), a resident frugivorous passerine. We used data from field sampling of bird-dispersed seeds in the forest and matrix of a fragmented landscape, subsequent disperser identification through DNA-barcoding analysis, and data from a national bird-ringing programme. Seed dispersal by Sardinian warblers was confined to the forest most of the year, but warblers contributed a peak of seed-dispersal events in the matrix between July and October, mainly attributable to dispersing juveniles. Our study uniquely connects animal and plant dispersal, demonstrating that juveniles of habitat-specialist frugivores can provide mobile-link functions transiently, but in a seasonally predictable way.
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de Mello, Daniela M. D., and Maria C. L. Alvarez. "Health assessment of juvenile green turtles in southern São Paulo State, Brazil: a hematologic approach." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638719891972.
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We assessed the health status and hematologic and blood chemistry values of 48 juvenile green turtles ( Chelonia mydas) on the southeastern coast of Brazil (25°S 48°W). We investigated the impact of size and weight, nutritional condition, and presence of epibionts and fibropapilloma tumors. Nutritional status was good for 39 animals; these animals had higher serum albumin, cholesterol, and phosphorus concentrations than 9 animals with a fair nutritional score. Reference values for hematology and biochemistry were calculated for 39 individuals without fibropapillomas (FPs). Turtles with epibionts ( n = 33) had lower hemoglobin (Hb) than turtles without epibionts ( n = 15; t = −2.09, p = 0.04), and the area occupied by epibionts was positively correlated with the white blood cell count ( r = 0.37, p = 0.03). FP turtles had significantly lower hematocrit (Hct), Hb, and red blood cell (RBC) counts than non-FP turtles; serum albumin and cholesterol were higher in non-FP than FP turtles. A negative correlation between curved carapace length (CCL) and Hct ( r = −0.51, p = 0.0002) and RBC ( r = −0.47, p = 0.0007), and between serum cholesterol, sodium, and uric acid and CCL ( r = −0.53, p = 0.0001; r = −0.38, p = 0.007; r = −0.35, p = 0.014, respectively) were identified. The health of turtles appears to deteriorate as they get larger, which manifests in more FPs, decreased body condition, and systemic physiologic changes consistent with chronic disease including lower Hct, RBC counts, serum cholesterol, sodium, and uric acid.
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Fleidervish, I. A., and M. J. Gutnick. "Paired-pulse facilitation of IPSCs in slices of immature and mature mouse somatosensory neocortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 2591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.6.2591.
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1. Whole cell recordings from layer V neurons of mouse somatosensory cortex were made with the use of a "blind" patch-clamp technique. In slices from immature [postnatal days 6 to 11 (P6-P11)] and juvenile (P18-P21) animals, inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) were evoked in all cells by extracellular stimulation at the layer V-VI border. Monosynaptic IPSCs, with latency < 2 ms, were isolated pharmacologically by blockade of ionotropic glutamatergic transmission. IPSCs were blocked by bicuculline methiodide and reversed near the predicted equilibrium potential for Cl-. 2. IPSC characteristics were not different for the two age groups. At 1.5-2 times threshold intensity (0.2 Hz), they fluctuated in amplitude with occasional failures. At -70 or -80 mV, mean amplitudes were -202 +/- 20 (SE) pA and -207 +/- 32 pA for immature (39 cells) and juvenile (13 cells) cortex, respectively. Half rise times were 0.74 +/- 0.03 ms (n = 7 cells) in neonates and 0.67 +/- 0.04 ms (n = 7 cells) in juveniles. Decays were biexponential with tau 1 = 14.8 +/- 1.3 ms and tau 2 = 59.0 +/- 7.4 ms (n = 7 cells) in neonates, and tau 1 = 11.9 +/- 1.1 ms and tau 2 = 55.5 +/- 4.2 ms (n = 7 cells) in juveniles. 3. Pairs of stimuli elicited paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) when delivered at brief interstimulus intervals (ISI), and paired-pulse depression (PPD) at long ISI. PPF, which was evident in 64% of immature cells and 38% of juvenile cells, was maximal (38 +/- 4% greater than the conditioning response) at 20-40 ms. PPD, which was evident in 82% of immature cells and 87% of juvenile cells, was maximal (29 +/- 2% smaller than the conditioning response) by 300 ms. In each age group, some animals showed PPF without PPD.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)