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Journal articles on the topic 'Juvenile justice system Gambia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Vasan, Praveen. "“JUVENILE REHABILITATION” – JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 04 (February 29, 2020): 1253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201096.

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2

Veselov, Mykola. "JUVENILE PREVENTION IN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM." Law Journal of Donbass 70, no. 1 (2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-70-1-98-104.

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3

Kang, kyung rae. "Changes in juvenile justice model and significance of juvenile justice system." Korean Juvenile Protection Review 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2017): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35930/kjpr.30.3.1.

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4

Amorose, Karen W. "Reforming the Juvenile Justice System." Policy Perspectives 2, no. 1 (May 1, 1995): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v2i1.4165.

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5

Çoban, S. "Juvenile Justice System in Turkey." International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 6, no. 5 (May 2016): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2016.v6.671.

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6

Hirschi, Travis, and Michael Gottfredson. "Rethinking the Juvenile Justice System." Crime & Delinquency 39, no. 2 (April 1993): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039002010.

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Crime is the product of the confluence of individuals low on self-control and appropriate opportunities. The likelihood of crime varies continuously with age, but the meaning of criminal acts does not depend on the age of the offender. Distinctions based on age are thus arbitrary, and probably cause more trouble than they are worth. Special treatment of juveniles is based on an erroneous image of developmental sequences, and misrepresents differences between juvenile and adult crime. We argue that one justice system would be better than two, and that of the models currently available, the juvenile system seems preferable to the adult.

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7

Wolcott, David. "Juvenile Justice before Juvenile Court." Social Science History 27, no. 1 (2003): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012487.

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Progressive Era campaigns to establish juvenile courts maintained that police and criminal courts failed to distinguish between children and adults. They suggested that law enforcement agencies either sentenced juveniles as if they were adults, imposing excessive punishments, or let kids go, failing to discipline them and encouraging them to commit further crimes. However, this case study of juvenile arrests in turn-of-the-century Detroit indicates that, before the creation of juvenile court, criminal justice institutions had more complex interactions with delinquent youth than has been recognized previously. Boys typically were arrested for very different offenses than were adults, and the police and courts often segregated children and adolescents from the harshest elements of the criminal justice system. The police sought every opportunity to decide the outcome of juvenile arrests themselves, without a court hearing, particularly if boys had committed only status offenses such as truancy or if crime victims decided not to prosecute. When juveniles did appear in criminal courts, judges found ways to soften their experiences, rarely jailing younger boys and instead sentencing some to reform school for ostensible rehabilitation. After 1900, efforts to protect young offenders from criminal justice institutions expanded as specially assigned police officers increasingly sought to discipline delinquents prior to arrest and the courts introduced an unofficial form of probation. Rather than constituting a break from the past, the creation of Detroit’s juvenile court in 1907 mainly made official juvenile offenders’ growing separation from the criminal justice system.

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8

Goyal, Naincy. "Juvenile Justice System in Comparison to Criminal Justice System in India." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17025.

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9

Junger-Tas, Josine. "Will the juvenile justice system survive?" European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 2, no. 2-3 (June 1994): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02250673.

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10

Finkelhor, David, Theodore P. Cross, and Elise N. Cantor. "The Justice System for Juvenile Victims." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 6, no. 2 (April 2005): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838005275090.

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11

Caudill, Jonathan W., Robert G. Morris, Sarah El Sayed, Minwoo Yun, and Matt DeLisi. "Pathways Through the Juvenile Justice System." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 11, no. 3 (January 17, 2013): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204012472211.

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12

Bright, Charlotte Lyn, Patricia L. Kohl, and Melissa Jonson-Reid. "Females in the Juvenile Justice System." Crime & Delinquency 60, no. 1 (November 8, 2011): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128711421652.

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13

Ferdinand, Theodore N. "History Overtakes the Juvenile Justice System." Crime & Delinquency 37, no. 2 (April 1991): 204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128791037002004.

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Many of juvenile justice's problems can be traced to the 19th century when parens patriae programs and facilities were established with little attention to their influence upon one another. As newer programs for status offenders were begun, older centers received mainly hardened delinquents, and their policies became more punitive. Without guidance or understanding whole systems grew punitive. A solution to this criminalizing of juvenile justice might entail a state-level department devoted to the treatment of delinquents in the community or in custodial facilities, and small facilities limited to 15-20 beds each, focusing on narrow segments of the delinquent population.

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14

Amani, Bita, Norweeta G. Milburn, Susana Lopez, Angela Young-Brinn, Lourdes Castro, Alex Lee, and Eraka Bath. "Families and the Juvenile Justice System." Family & Community Health 41, no. 1 (2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/fch.0000000000000172.

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15

EBBE, OBI N. IGNATIUS. "Juvenile Justice System In Southern Nigeria." International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice 12, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1988): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1988.9688891.

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16

Parrish, Danielle E. "Achieving Justice for Girls in the Juvenile Justice System." Social Work 65, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/swaa005.

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Abstract Female involvement in the juvenile justice system has steadily increased in the United States over the past three decades. During this time, as male arrests have declined, female arrests have increased. Although many social workers have responded to these trends with a national call to identify and address the unique needs of these girls, we lack much high-quality research, including empirically supported interventions or programming to serve the needs of female youths involved in the justice system. This article provides a summary of the extant research that helps document the unique needs of these female youths and national policy efforts and practice considerations for social work practitioners. These needs and policy initiatives offer important opportunities for social workers to conduct research to improve the understanding of this population and also ways in which to provide services that address these youths’ complex needs. The article concludes that these female youths—most of whom are not a danger to society—need services instead of involvement in the justice system.

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17

Listyarini, Dyah. "JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM THROUGH DIVERSION AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE POLICY." Diponegoro Law Review 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.2.1.2017.168-184.

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Indonesia as a state of law has ratified several international human rights instruments, especially the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in which the state should ensure the protection, respect, fulfillment, promotion, and enforcement of children's rights. In fact, many children have been treated unjustly in the fulfillment of their rights when conflicting with the law. Methods of legal protection of the rights of children conflicting with the law are based on the provision that “every child has the right to survive, grow and develop as well as the right to protection from violence and discrimination”. Other ways to protect children’s rights may also include the policy that children conflicting with the law should be treated humanely in accordance with their dignity and rights; special personnel should be provided for their companion and counseling; sanctions should be appropriated for the best interests of the children; and special facilities and infrastructure for children should be equally provided. This means that appropriate sanctions should hence be supported through the process of resolving cases using the principle of “diverse and restorative justice The concept of diverse and restorative justice can be applied to the crime of under 7th-year punishments and non-repeated crime. Methods for handling children who have conflicts with the law have hitherto emphasized on normative juridical processes such as investigation, prosecution, and examination of the case by the judge (in court). The processes, however, have not guidelines or technical manuals for law enforcement officers to implement the non-litigation settlement for children cases

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18

Paper by the Commonwealth Secretari. "Juvenile justice: a basic framework for the implementation of a functional juvenile justice system." Commonwealth Law Bulletin 35, no. 2 (June 2009): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050710902924395.

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19

Sikorski, John B. "Learning Disorders and the Juvenile Justice System." Psychiatric Annals 21, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-19911201-10.

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20

Steinberg, Jean L., and William L. Lassiter. "Toward a Trauma-Responsive Juvenile Justice System." North Carolina Medical Journal 79, no. 2 (March 2018): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18043/ncm.79.2.115.

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21

Sattler, Ann L. "Treating Youths in the Juvenile Justice System." Pediatric Clinics of North America 64, no. 2 (April 2017): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2016.11.012.

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22

Hughes, Tammy, Tara Raines, and Celeste Malone. "School Pathways to the Juvenile Justice System." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732219897093.

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School policies have increasingly criminalized students for common developmentally appropriate behaviors, such as talking back, public displays of affection, or repeated tardiness. Although their behaviors are no more problematic than their peers, children of color and children of color with disabilities are punished at higher rates. The increasing number of police in schools has also increased the number of arrests. In some cities, schools are the primary referral source to juvenile court. The literature on implicit bias, decision-making, and discipline disparities suggests new policy approaches: Evidence-based measures can disrupt these pathways to the justice system. A range of solutions could fortify efforts to protect all students and promote positive school climate.

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23

Carr, Nicole T., Kenneth Hudson, Roma S. Hanks, and Andrea N. Hunt. "Gender Effects Along the Juvenile Justice System." Feminist Criminology 3, no. 1 (January 2008): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085107311390.

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24

Drakeford, William, and Jeanine M. Staples. "Minority Confinement in the Juvenile Justice System." TEACHING Exceptional Children 39, no. 1 (September 2006): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004005990603900108.

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25

Beger, Randall R. "Illinois Juvenile Justice: An Emerging Dual System." Crime & Delinquency 40, no. 1 (January 1994): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040001004.

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Trial courts have inherent powers, including the authority to punish for contempt. Historically, contempt charges were limited to adults who understood the consequences of deliberately disregarding a court order or challenging the court's authority. Illinois juvenile court judges now use contempt power to force nondelinquent status offenders to comply with routine court directives, a practice having no legal or historical precedent and conflicting with the legislative intent of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act.

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26

Mazzotti, Valerie L., and Kyle Higgins. "Public Schools and the Juvenile Justice System." Intervention in School and Clinic 41, no. 5 (May 2006): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10534512060410050701.

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27

Smith, David J. "The effectiveness of the juvenile justice system." Criminal Justice 5, no. 2 (May 2005): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466802505053497.

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28

Gyu-Won Chang and Yoon, Hyun-Seok. "Research on Juvenile Justice System of Finland." Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 10, no. 2 (December 2008): 305–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2008.10.2.014.

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29

Dalun Zhang, Antonis Katsiyannis, David E. Barrett, and Victor Willson. "Truancy Offenders in the Juvenile Justice System." Remedial and Special Education 28, no. 4 (July 2007): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07419325070280040401.

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30

Mingyue, Su. "The Dualistic Model of Juvenile Justice System in China: In & Beyond Criminal Justice." International Annals of Criminology 51, no. 1-2 (2013): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003445200000106.

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SummaryIn October 1984, Shanghai Changning district people's court established the first collegial panel of our country specializing in juvenile criminal cases; and it marks the beginning of the juvenile justice reform in China. After 30 years of development, the philosophy of juvenile justice has changed; juvenile judicial institutions are growing and juvenile justice system has gradually formed. Different from the practices of juvenile court in Western countries such as the U. S., Japan, and Germany, juvenile delinquency or deviant behavior that does not violate the criminal law would not enter the judicial process, but rather, would be handled by administrative agencies such as the police, and subject to coercive measures including educational measures, protective measures, and punitive measures in China. Among these measures, education through Custody as a strict administrative punishment can deprive the personal liberty of the juvenile delinquents for as long as four years. Instead of ruling by court through the due process in accordance with the law, decisions of education through custody are made by the administrative organs in practice. This practice is probably unique in the world.

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31

Pradityo, Randy. "RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK / Restorative Justice In Juvenile Justice System." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 5, no. 3 (November 29, 2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.5.3.2016.319-330.

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Anak sebagai generasi penerus bangsa sudah selayaknya mendapatkan perhatian khusus. Hal tersebut bertujuan dalam rangka pembinaan anak untuk mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Maka dari itu, diperlukan pula sarana dan prasarana hukum yang mengantisipasi segala permasalahan yang timbul. Sarana hukum ini bertujuan untuk mengantisipasi stigma atau cap jahat yang ditimbulkan ketika anak berhadapan dengan hukum, sekaligus memulihkan dan memasyarakatkan kembali anak tersebut. Salah satu solusinya adalah dengan mengalihkan atau menempatkan pelaku tindak pidana anak keluar dari sistem peradilan pidana serta memberikan alternatif bagi penyelesaian dengan pendekatan keadilan demi kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, yang kemudian dikenal dengan pendekatan restorative justice. Restorative justice yang merupakan implementasi konsep dari diversi telah dirumuskan dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak, namun sistem yang baik haruslah diiringi dengan suatu sikap yang dijiwai kehendak untuk memandang dan berkeyakinan bahwa dunia ini selalu menjadi lebih baik. Selain itu, hendaknya prinsip the best interest of the children selalu diutamakan ketika menangani anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum. Children as the nation's next generation is already deserve special attention. It aims in order to develop the child to realize the quality of human resources. Therefore, it is also necessary legal infrastructure to anticipate any problems that arise. The legal means to anticipate stigma or stamp evil inflicted when the child against the law, as well as restoring and re-socialize the child. One solution is to divert or placing the offender children out of the criminal justice system as well as providing an alternative to the settlement with justice approach in the best interests of the child, who was then known as restorative justice approach. Restorative justice which is the implementation of the concept of diversion has been formulated in the juvenile justice system, but a good system must be accompanied by an attitude which is imbued with the will to perceive and believe that this world is always getting better. In addition, should the principle of the best interest of the children always come first when dealing with children in conflict with the law.

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32

Hammergren, Donald R. "The Role of Juvenile Detention in a Changing Juvenile Justice System." Juvenile Justice 24, no. 3 (July 14, 2009): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1973.tb01043.x.

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33

Hendarto, Yudi, and Umar Ma'ruf. "Diversion In Children Criminal Justice System Through Restorative Justice." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i2.3269.

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The formulation of the problem and the purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the diversion urgency in handling juvenile criminal cases, and to describe and analyze Perma No. 4 of 2014 on Diversion in criminal matters menyelesaian children through restorative justice approach. This research method using normative legal research methods dengn type of research is descriptive analytical.� Based on the analysis result No. 4 of 2014 can be presented the following results, that Perma No. 4 of 2014 is needed in handling juvenile criminal cases. This is because during this time the condition of children who are in the coaching institutions, detention and permayarakatan far worse than a face appeared positive aspects of child development. Mixing children with adults in penitentiary have negative effects and its own psychological burden for the child, because he considered himself the same as adults with Perma No. 4 of 2014.Keywords: Diversion, Child Criminal Justice System, Restorative Justice

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34

CASTELLANO, THOMAS C. "The Justice Model in the Juvenile Justice System: Washington State's Experience." Law & Policy 8, no. 4 (October 1986): 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.1986.tb00392.x.

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35

Vasiljevic-Prodanovic, Danica. "Restorative justice within the criminal justice system." Temida 13, no. 3 (2010): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1003057v.

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Positioning of restorative justice within the criminal justice system is one of the current questions preoccupying theorists and practitioners in the field. During decades restorative justice processes have been predominantly used within juvenile justice systems for dealing with minor offences committed by juveniles. Number of jurisdictions in Europe, USA, Canada, Australia have criminal codifications containing provisions that enable use of restorative justice processes in aim of diversion. Recent initiatives create possibility of applying restorative procedure in cases of serious crimes committed by adult offenders. This article reviews theoretical discussions and practical issues relating the scope and tasks of restorative justice within criminal justice, which may contribute to the development and use of restorative processes in our criminal justice system.

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36

Stefanovska, Vesna. "Police restorative approach in the juvenile justice system." Temida 13, no. 3 (2010): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1003041s.

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Restorative justice is a new, different response to crime, response that offers and tries to establish justice again. Not going into aims, impact and basic principles of restorative justice, as well as into substance of different restorative practices, in this article we will concentrate on restorative interventions that lead to avoidance of the formal justice system. Concretely, we will analyze the role of the police in applying restorative interventions in the juvenile justice system. Particular emphasis will be put on the meaning and the aim of diversion procedures towards juvenile offenders that have committed minor offences and more serious ones for which they come in conflict with the law. In the foreign expert literature the concept of restorative policing is recognized (restorative approach in police conduct), as an attempt to introduce a new reform in performing police affairs. This subject should be approached very carefully and fundamentally, if we want consistent implementation of the new tendency and practices in the juvenile justice systems in accordance with the international standards.

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37

Fagan, Jeffrey, Ellen Slaughter, and Eliot Hartstone. "Blind Justice? The Impact of Race on the Juvenile Justice Process." Crime & Delinquency 33, no. 2 (April 1987): 224–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001112878703300203.

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The increasing prevalence of minority youth in the juvenile justice system has renewed concerns over racial disparities in juvenile justice processing. Previous research has yielded ambiguous results, with findings complicated by methodological shortcomings, divergent research strategies, and design artifacts. To resolve questions on the extent and source of racial disparities in juvenile justice processing, research is needed on the nature, location, and magnitude of discrimination in the juvenile justice system. This study examines racial disparities in decision making at six points in the juvenile justice process, from apprehension through judicial commitment decisions. Samples of Anglo and minority youth were drawn at each point, controlling for offense severity, other offense characteristics, and extralegal factors in addition to race. The results show racial disparities at each point, with minorities consistently receiving harsher dispositions. Disparities took different forms at various stages of the process, usually for nonserious offenses. Race was a direct, indirect, and interactive influence at various decision points. Disparities were observed at other times only when controlling for other extralegal factors such as family status. The results suggest that the juvenile justice system reflects social and economic disparities endemic in other social domains. The correlates of delinquency in minority and predominantly Anglo populations are similar. Accordingly, base rate differences may be less important than societal reaction in explaining the overrepresentation of minorities in the juvenile justice process. The narrowing of social gaps may also reduce disparate perceptions of minorities in the juvenile justice system, and restore their population balance in delinquent populations.

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38

Ha, Yeong Jin. "A Problem and Improvement of Juvenile Justice System." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 8, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 1339–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.8.5.75.

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39

Tereshchuk, Galina. "Foreing experience of model juvenile justice system functionining." Aktual’ni problemi pravoznavstva 1, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/app2017.02.116.

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40

KELLY, P., E. MARTINEZ, and E. LISBON. "Health promotion work in the juvenile justice system." Journal of Adolescent Health 34, no. 2 (February 2004): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1054-139x(03)00432-4.

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41

Wahl, Richard A., Sian Cotton, and Patricia Harrison-Monroe. "Spirituality, Adolescent Suicide, and the Juvenile Justice System." Southern Medical Journal 101, no. 7 (July 2008): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/smj.0b013e31817a7e73.

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42

Bishop, Donna M. "Juvenile Offenders in the Adult Criminal Justice System." Crime and Justice 27 (January 2000): 81–167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/652199.

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43

Bilchik, Shay. "A Juvenile Justice System for the 21st Century." Crime & Delinquency 44, no. 1 (January 1998): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128798044001009.

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44

Gelber, Seymour. "The Juvenile Justice System: Vision For The Future." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 41, no. 2 (May 1990): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1990.tb00670.x.

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45

Ketcham, Orman W. "The Changing Philosophy of the Juvenile Justice System." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 20, no. 2 (July 14, 2009): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1969.tb00443.x.

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46

Mortillaro, Louis F., and James P. Carmany. "Service Accountability Model for the Juvenile Justice System." Juvenile Justice 26, no. 2 (July 14, 2009): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1975.tb01085.x.

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47

Hancock, Donald C. "The Thirteenth Amendment and the Juvenile Justice System." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 83, no. 3 (1992): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143840.

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48

천진호. "Study on the Juvenile Justice System in Korea." Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 10, no. 2 (December 2008): 555–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2008.10.2.025.

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49

Meng, Aaron, Roland Segal, and Eric Boden. "American juvenile justice system: history in the making." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0062.

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Abstract The original theory behind separating juvenile offenders from adult offenders was to provide care and direction for youngsters instead of isolation and punishment. This idea took hold in the 19th century and became mainstream by the early 20th century. In the 1950s and 1960s, public concern grew because of a perceived lack of effectiveness and lack of rights. The Supreme Court made a series of rulings solidifying juvenile rights including the right to receive notice of charges, the right to have an attorney and the right to have charges proven beyond a reasonable doubt. In the 1980s, the public view was that the juvenile court system was too lenient and that juvenile crimes were on the rise. In the 1990s, many states passed punitive laws, including mandatory sentencing and blanket transfers to adult courts for certain crimes. As a result, the pendulum is now swinging back toward the middle from rehabilitation toward punishment.

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50

Rowand Robinson, T., and Mary Jane K. Rapport. "Providing Special Education in the Juvenile Justice System." Remedial and Special Education 20, no. 1 (January 1999): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259902000103.

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According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990, all students are entitled to a free and appropriate public education, including incarcerated youth with disabilities. Based on legal research, we discuss pertinent issues integral to providing appropriate educational services to incarcerated youth as addressed by the courts and education professionals. We address (a) prevalence rates of disabilities among juvenile delinquent populations, (b) problems facing correctional facility personnel in providing special education services to inmates with disabilities, (c) recent developments in case law regarding the implementation of special educational services for juveniles in correctional facilities, and (d) recommendations for facilitating special education programming in correctional institutions.

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