Relevant bibliographies by topics / Juvenile migrants

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Juvenile migrants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Juvenile migrants"

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Morinville, Geneviève R., and Joseph B. Rasmussen. "Early juvenile bioenergetic differences between anadromous and resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-036.

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Many salmonids, including brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), contain both anadromous (migrant) and nonanadromous (resident) forms within a population (partial migration). Although partial migration is commonly observed, the mechanisms governing the adoption of migration or residency are poorly understood. We used field estimates of fish growth coupled with in situ estimates of food consumption rates to demonstrate that a trade-off exists between the ability to efficiently exploit local environments (resident approach) and the capacity to capitalize from large-scale environmental heterogeneity (migrant approach). We demonstrate that in the year before migration, migrant brook trout have consumption rates 1.4 times higher than those of resident brook trout. However, migrants have lower growth efficiencies (ratio of growth to consumption) than residents, indicating that migrants have higher metabolic costs. Residents and migrants also differed in their stable carbon isotope signatures (δ13C), a time-integrated measure that has been linked to habitat use. Fish muscle δ13C of migrants was depleted by 1 ± 0.1‰ compared with that of residents, and this could not be explained by any biases introduced by the time of sampling or the size of fish sampled. Our findings thus agree with the notion that a link exists between metabolic costs (efficiency) and the adopted life-history strategy.
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Morgan, Ian J., and Neil B. Metcalfe. "The influence of energetic requirements on the preferred temperature of overwintering juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-016.

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We used a horizontal temperature gradient to investigate the effect of alternate life history strategies and nutritional state on the preferred temperature of overwintering juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Contrary to our prediction, there was no significant difference in final preferred temperature between juvenile Atlantic salmon that will migrate to sea the following spring (early migrants) and those that show reduced growth and delay migration for at least another year (delayed migrants). Both migrant groups preferentially selected relatively low temperatures (<10°C), likely owing to their low appetite and growth rates. Food deprivation resulted in a significant increase, rather than our predicted decrease, in the final preferred temperature of the juvenile Atlantic salmon of approximately 2°C. We suggest that this is due to the need for an increased foraging effort to offset the projected energy deficit later in the winter. The final preferred temperature of delayed migrants increased from winter to spring, as predicted, coincident with increases in natural food availability and endogenous seasonal increases in appetite and growth rates. We conclude that the preferred temperature of overwintering juvenile Atlantic salmon may be influenced by future energetic requirements rather than the current level of energy reserves.
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Rodgers, Jeffrey D., Richard D. Ewing, and James D. Hall. "Physiological Changes during Seaward Migration of Wild Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-053.

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Peaks in migration of wild juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from Knowles Creek (Siuslaw River, Oregon) occurred in November and May. Condition factor of nonmigrant fish was higher than migrants or captives throughout the study. Skin guanine levels of migrant fish rose sharply during the first 2 wk of April and continued to rise through June. Gill (Na + K)-ATPase specific activity of migrants rose gradually from a low in January to a maximum in June. Gill (Na + K)-ATPase activity of migrants and nonmigrants was low and not significantly different during November to mid-March. During April, however, gill ATPase activity of migrants rose to become significantly higher than that of nonmigrants until the first 2 wk of May. Cyclic changes in gill (Na + K)-ATPase activity was not observed in these fish. Gill (Na + K)-ATPase activity of fish reared in a laboratory was similar to that of wild nonmigrants until it peaked during the last 2 wk of April, after which the specific activity was lower than either migrants or nonmigrants.
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Graves, John E., Andrew S. Wozniak, Rebecca M. Dickhut, Michele A. Cochran, Elizabeth H. MacDonald, Elizabeth Bush, Haritz Arrizabalaga, and Nicolas Goñi. "Transatlantic movements of juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna inferred from analyses of organochlorine tracers." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 4 (April 2015): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0305.

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Ratios of certain organochlorine pollutants in fish tissues are significantly different between the eastern and western North Atlantic and have been used to identify recent (<1 year) transatlantic migrants of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus). In this study we observed limited variation of organochlorine pollutant ratios across collections of young-of-the-year (YOY) bluefin tuna from the western North Atlantic (WNA) and eastern North Atlantic (ENA) in different years and highly significant differences between WNA and ENA YOY samples each year and for all years combined. A significant increase in organochlorine ratios was noted between YOY and age-1 ENA bluefin tuna, consistent with the movement of YOY out of the Mediterranean Sea and into the ENA. Using baseline organochlorine ratios from WNA YOY to identify recent eastern migrants, 29% of age-2, 33% of age-3, and 24% of age-4 juvenile bluefin tuna in the WNA were identified as recent migrants from the east during 2011 and 2012. Applying baseline ratios from age-1 ENA bluefin tuna to identify recent migrants from the WNA, 14.3% of age-2, 9.5% of age-3, and 0% of age-4 juvenile bluefin tuna caught in the Bay of Biscay fishery were identified as recent western migrants during 2010 and 2011. These data reveal substantial connectivity of juvenile bluefin tuna across the North Atlantic and demonstrate that WNA juveniles are heavily subsidized by eastern fish.
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Poiesz, SSH, JIJ Witte, and HW van der Veer. "Only a few key prey species fuel a temperate coastal fish food web." Marine Ecology Progress Series 653 (October 29, 2020): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13472.

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The food web structure of a coastal fish community (western Dutch Wadden Sea) was studied based on stomach content data from samples collected between 2010 and 2018. In total, 54 fish species were caught and 72 different prey items were identified. Fish species consumed from only a few up to >30 different prey species, suggesting the presence of both opportunistic and more specialized feeders. We found no significant differences between years or switches in food source with fish size. The trophic positions of the Wadden Sea fish community ranged from 2.0 to 4.7, with most trophic positions above 3.0. In the past, (near)-resident species were the most abundant guild in spring, and juvenile marine migrants in autumn. At present, all guilds are present in similar but low abundances. The (near)-resident community consisted of about 20 species that fed primarily on amphipod crustaceans, brown shrimps and juvenile herring. There was only a slight overlap in diet with the group of juvenile marine migrants (5 species of juvenile flatfishes and clupeids), whose preferred prey were copepods, polychaetes and brown shrimps. About 15 species of marine seasonal visitors showed an overlap in diet with both the (near)-resident and the juvenile marine migrants, especially for brown shrimps and to a lesser extent herring and gobies. Our results illustrate (1) the pivotal position of a few key prey species (amphipod crustaceans, brown shrimps, juvenile herring and gobies) for the coastal Wadden Sea fishes and (2) that the substantial prey overlap in the diet of some predators cannot exclude intra- and inter-specific competition among these predators.
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Zydlewski, J., and S. D. McCormick. "The loss of hyperosmoregulatory ability in migrating juvenile American shad, Alosa sapidissima." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 2377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-144.

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Investigations on juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) revealed several physiological changes associated with downstream migration. Plasma chloride decreased 20% in wild juvenile shad during the autumn migration. Migrants had lower condition factor and hematocrit than non-migrant shad captured by beach seining. Gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity of migrant shad was higher than non-migrant; a 2.5-fold increase was observed in 1993, while a 57% increase was observed in 1994. Similar changes were observed in laboratory studies of shad maintained in fresh water under simulated natural temperature and photoperiod. Plasma chloride dropped 68% and gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity increased 3-fold over a 3-month period. Decreased plasma chloride was associated with increased mortality. Increases in gill Na + ,K + -ATPase activity decreases in plasma chloride and osmolality, and incidence of mortality were delayed and moderated, but not eliminated, in shad maintained at constant temperature (24°C). Shad did not survive in fresh water past December regardless of temperature regime. In seawater, all shad survived and showed no perturbation of plasma chloride at 24°C or simulated natural temperature (above 4°C). The decline in hyperosmoregulatory ability, as influenced by declining temperatures, may serve as a proximate cue for autumnal migration.
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Lovvorn, James R., and Jeb A. Barzen. "Molt in the Annual Cycle of Canvasbacks." Auk 105, no. 3 (July 1, 1988): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/105.3.543.

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Abstract We studied the intensity of molt of capital, down, and contour plumages of male and female Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) from late fall through winter, spring migration, and nesting. Molt intensities in both juvenile and adult males were highest among arriving fall migrants and during prewinter fat deposition, and molt in juvenile males increased during early spring migration. Among females, capital molt was high among arriving migrants in fall, and molt of all plumage types increased during spring migration and courtship. Paired females tended to molt more heavily than unpaired females during spring migration, but many females initiated intensive prebasic molt before pairing. Molt in females peaked in spring migration and early breeding, concurrently with accelerated fat storage and ovarian growth. Capital and contour molt in females decreased during laying and essentially ceased during incubation, perhaps to mitigate energetic constraints during these periods. Prewinter nutrient storage appeared independent of molt intensity, except for body protein among juveniles. During spring migration, molt intensities were greater in adult females with higher levels of body fat and protein, indicating that molt did not necessarily precede or interfere with nutrient storage. We suggest that outside the laying, incubation, and wing molt periods, the energetic costs of molt in Canvasbacks are not sufficient to mandate temporal separation of molt from nutrient storage, migration, courtship, or early stages of rapid ovarian growth.
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Vansteelant, W. M. G., J. Kekkonen, and P. Byholm. "Wind conditions and geography shape the first outbound migration of juvenile honey buzzards and their distribution across sub-Saharan Africa." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1855 (May 24, 2017): 20170387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0387.

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Contemporary tracking studies reveal that low migratory connectivity between breeding and non-breeding ranges is common in migrant landbirds. It is unclear, however, how internal factors and early-life experiences of individual migrants shape the development of their migration routes and concomitant population-level non-breeding distributions. Stochastic wind conditions and geography may determine whether and where migrants end up by the end of their journey. We tested this hypothesis by satellite-tagging 31 fledgling honey buzzards Pernis apivorus from southern Finland and used a global atmospheric reanalysis model to estimate the wind conditions they encountered on their first outbound migration. Migration routes diverged rapidly upon departure and the birds eventually spread out across 3340 km of longitude. Using linear regression models, we show that the birds' longitudinal speeds were strongly affected by zonal wind speed, and negatively affected by latitudinal wind, with significant but minor differences between individuals. Eventually, 49% of variability in the birds' total longitudinal displacements was accounted for by wind conditions on migration. Some birds circumvented the Baltic Sea via Scandinavia or engaged in unusual downwind movements over the Mediterranean, which also affected the longitude at which these individuals arrived in sub-Saharan Africa. To understand why adult migrants use the migration routes and non-breeding sites they use, we must take into account the way in which wind conditions moulded their very first journeys. Our results present some of the first evidence into the mechanisms through which low migratory connectivity emerges.
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Godbout, L., C. C. Wood, R. E. Withler, S. Latham, R. J. Nelson, L. Wetzel, R. Barnett-Johnson, M. J. Grove, A. K. Schmitt, and K. D. McKeegan. "Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) return after an absence of nearly 90 years: a case of reversion to anadromy." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 9 (September 2011): 1590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-089.

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We document the recent reappearance of anadromous sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) that were thought to have been extirpated by the construction of hydroelectric dams on the Coquitlam and Alouette rivers in British Columbia, Canada, in 1914 and 1927, respectively. Unexpected downstream migrations of juveniles during experimental water releases into both rivers in 2005 and 2006 preceded upstream return migrations of adults in 2007 and 2008. Genetic (microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA) markers and stable isotope (δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr) patterns in otoliths confirm that both the juvenile downstream migrants and adult upstream migrants were progeny of nonanadromous sockeye salmon (kokanee) that inhabit Coquitlam and Alouette reservoirs. Low genetic diversity and evidence of genetic bottlenecks suggest that the kokanee populations in both reservoirs originated from relatively few anadromous individuals that residualized after downstream migration was largely prevented by the construction of dams. Once given an opportunity for upstream and downstream migration, both populations appear capable of reverting to a successful anadromous form, even after 25 generations.
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Butler, Luke K., Michael G. Donahue, and Sievert Rohwer. "Molt-Migration in Western Tanagers (Piranga Ludoviciana): Age Effects, Aerodynamics, and Conservation Implications." Auk 119, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 1010–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.4.1010.

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AbstractWe describe timing and location of the prebasic molt in Western Tanagers (Piranga ludoviciana), focusing on age class differences in premolt movements. Most adults migrate south to the American Southwest where they stop to molt before moving on to their wintering grounds. Molting adults are found in southern mountain regions (Sierra Madres and southern Rockies) and in the Mexican monsoon region, where late summer rains cause a substantial increase in productivity. In contrast, juvenile Western Tanagers move to nearby montane habitats to molt before migrating, a previously undocumented strategy in western passerines that show molt-related movements. By molting in nearby montane habitats, juveniles avoid the aerodynamic cost of migrating in their “fluffy”, aerodynamically inefficient juvenal plumage. Western Tanagers are the fifth species known to use the Mexican monsoon region during the prebasic molt, further affirming the importance of that area to the conservation of Neotropical migrants that breed in western North America.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Juvenile migrants"

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Gallová, Barbora. "Integrace mladých migrantů do prostředí české společnosti pomocí uměleckých praktik." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326970.

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Integration of young migrants to the czech society by art practice Bc. Barbora Gallová 2012 ABSTRACT This thesis is concerned with the integration of juvenile migrants to the new host (Czech) society. The integration process is a complex phenomenon, which happens in the various levels of social life and its course is influenced by many aspects such as degree of cultural differences between immigrants and the host society, the amount of their mutual social ties, and psychological disposition of individuals to cope with the new conditions, etc. The goal of my work is to discuss a potential of art, artistic process, to have a positive effect on personal and social life of young migrants in the new society and to facilitate the coexistence of majority-minority population. At the same time, through the analysis of two selected artistic projects that are focused on working with migrants, I am trying to show, how the articstic and prague's project are using art for working with young migrants and whether their method is effective in influencing the integration process.
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Wei, Xin-Yi, and 魏心怡. "The natal dispersal, home range and habitat use of juvenile black kite(Milvus migrans) in Taiwan." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fpgbx8.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
野生動物保育研究所
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Most secondary-poisoning events of the young Black Kite (Milvus migrans) occurred in southern Taiwan instead of northern part of the island. Yet it is not known whether this is related to the land use composition of the two areas. We used GSM/GPS transmitters to track two and three young birds in the northern and southern Taiwan, respectively. In 2016-2017 each bird were tracked for a total of 40-499 days, and among them one was died of carbonfuran poisoning in the nest prior to dispersal, and the other’s transmitters was retrieved nine months later, which was presumed dead. The mean dependency period when the young stayed at their natal sites averaged 52.5 days in spring. After that, they began to disperse, and reaching the maximum dispersal distance in fall. The average home range size (MCP) were 1,976 km2 for the northern young, covering the New Taipei, Taipei, Keelung, and northern coastal areas, while it was 2,726 km2 for southern young, covering the Pingtung, Taitung, Kaohsiung, and near the Tainan border. The young Black Kites mainly stayed around man-made habitats, such as farmland, fishpond, reservoir, and fishing port for feeding and then returned to and gathered near roosting sites in low-elevation forests. As compared with land use the young visited in norther area, farmland is more prevailing in the south. This explains why the south young Black Kites are more liable to die of pesticides. This study indicates that young Black Kite had large home range, and wandering mostly around anthropogenic activity areas. Future work includes how to reduce the chance of taking poisoned bird and rodent accidentally by the kite.
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Books on the topic "Juvenile migrants"

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Economic migrants. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2006.

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Murphy, Michael L. Population estimates of juvenile salmon downstream migrants in the Taku River, Alaska. Juneau, AK: Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1991.

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The growth of the American city: Immigrants and migrants travel for work. New York: PowerKids Press, 2016.

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ill, Tang Wenqing, ed. Bailengzhen de er nü: Da qian cun de "yang ming shan ji hua". Taizhong Shi: Taizhong Shi zheng fu wen hua ju, 2016.

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Brown, Anne K. Migraines. Detroit: Lucent Books, 2010.

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Brown, Anne K. Migraines. Detroit: Lucent Books, 2010.

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ill, Arsenault Isabelle 1978, ed. Migrant. Toronto: Groundwood Books, 2011.

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Brimner, Larry Dane. A migrant family. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1992.

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Migraines and headaches. New York: Rosen Pub., 2009.

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Brynie, Faith Hickman. Do animals migrate? Berkeley Heights, N.J: Enslow Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Juvenile migrants"

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Imhof, B. A., M. A. Deugnier, T. Itoh, and J. P. Thiery. "T Lymphocyte Precursors Migrate Towards Chemotactic Peptides Secreted by Embryonic or Juvenile Thymus." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 565–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5535-9_86.

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"The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons." In The Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Regional Comparisons, edited by John F. T. Morris, Marc Trudel, Mary E. Thiess, Ruston M. Sweeting, Joseph Fisher, Susan A. Hinton, Emily A. Fergusson, Joseph A. Orsi, Edward V. Farley, and David W. Welch. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569957.ch4.

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Abstract.—A conceptual model of juvenile coho salmon <em>Oncorhynchus kisutch </em>migration from Oregon, Washington, the Columbia–Snake River system, British Columbia, and southeast Alaska was derived using coded-wire-tag data from juvenile salmon surveys conducted between 1995 and 2004. Over this 10-year period, 914 coded-wire-tagged (CWT) juvenile coho salmon were recovered. In general, the migratory behavior of juvenile coho salmon observed in this study was consistent with previous studies showing that juvenile salmon generally undertake a northward migration and utilize the continental shelf as a migration highway. However, this study also revealed that both regional and specific river stocks of coho salmon from all parts of the North American coast are composed of fast components that take a rapid and direct migration in the summer to as far west as Kodiak Island, Alaska and slow components that migrate over a relatively short distance from their natal rivers and reside over winter on the shelf. The Columbia–Snake River system, coastal Oregon, and coastal Washington had the highest proportion of fast CWT migrants among regions. Furthermore, specific stocks within the lower Columbia River had the highest proportion of fast CWT migrants both within the Columbia–Snake River watershed and along the entire west coast of North America. Distances migrated along the shelf were positively correlated to size at capture during the summer for almost all regional stocks, indicating that fast-migrating juvenile coho salmon have faster growth rates. The widespread dispersion along the continental shelf as a consequence of a mix of slow and fast migrants and the subsequent offshore migration into different regions of the Gulf of Alaska may have been selected over evolutionary time scales. This strategy would have ensured the long-term survival of individual stocks by spreading the risk of mortality among oceanic regions.
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"Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations." In Pacific Salmon: Ecology and Management of Western Alaska’s Populations, edited by MICHAEL J. Bradford, Alan von Finster, and Patrick A. Milligan. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874110.ch3.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—Potential yield and escapement goals for salmon populations are often determined with stock-recruit relations, but for many Chinook salmon <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </em>populations, this information is lacking or is uninformative. One alternative is a habitat-based approach, but the complex early life history of Chinook salmon presents challenges to biologists and managers wishing to use this method. Published fry and smolt data from other populations is summarizd, which show that habitat limitation in the freshwater rearing stage is common and may limit production. The freshwater life history of Chinook salmon from the Canadian portion of the Yukon basin is then reviewed to evaluate the potential link between habitat, migration and density-dependent mortality that leads to population regulation. There is a significant downstream redistribution of age-0 fish from spawning areas in June and July that results in juveniles being distributed throughout a variety of habitats, at great distances from natal streams. DNA analysis of the population of origin of migrants showed significant inter-populational variation in dispersal behaviour. Spatially extensive sampling is required to determine the full range of juvenile habitat for the Canadian populations, and to quantify relations between the number of parent spawners and juvenile abundance and distribution. This fuller understanding is needed to determine if freshwater rearing habitat limits the productivity of this population complex.
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Agyepong, Tera Eva. "Introduction." In Criminalization of Black Children, 1–6. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469636443.003.0001.

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This chapter describes the arc of the book’s narrative and includes a brief description of each chapter. The overarching argument—that notions of race, childhood, and rehabilitation intersected with the new apparatus of Cook County Juvenile Justice System, and shaped the evolution of juvenile justice in Illinois—is introduced with a case study about a poor migrant boy. His experience foreshadowed the fate of many African American children in Chicago’s juvenile justice system.
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"LA INVENCIÓN JUVENIL DE LO COTIDIANO." In De policías y ladrones a migrantes y nativos digitales:, 197–208. Ediciones USTA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12sdwt6.22.

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Xu, Janice Hua. "Left-Behind Children and Mobile." In Research Anthology on Developing Critical Thinking Skills in Students, 667–86. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3022-1.ch035.

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Through critical analysis of selected news stories from sina.com from 2010 to 2015 about “left-behind children” in China, the chapter examines media discourse on relationships between migrant families and communication technology. The author finds that the role of cell phones in their lives are portrayed in the following narratives: 1) Cell phones are highly valuable for connecting family members living apart; 2) Cell phones are used as a problem-solver in charity giving and rural development projects; 3) Cell phones can bring unexpected risks; 4) Cell phones could harbor or unleash evil—associated with increasing cases of crimes victimizing left-behind children and juvenile delinquency. The author discusses how institutional goals of social agencies, corporations, educators and law enforcement contribute to the polarity of cell-phone-related discourses, which reflect the societal anxieties over unsupervised access to technology by adolescents, as well as the cultural and political implications of empowering the “have-nots” of digital divide.
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Xu, Janice Hua. "Left-Behind Children and Mobile." In Handbook of Research on Human Social Interaction in the Age of Mobile Devices, 452–71. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0469-6.ch019.

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Through critical analysis of selected news stories from sina.com from 2010 to 2015 about “left-behind children” in China, the chapter examines media discourse on relationships between migrant families and communication technology. The author finds that the role of cell phones in their lives are portrayed in the following narratives: 1) Cell phones are highly valuable for connecting family members living apart; 2) Cell phones are used as a problem-solver in charity giving and rural development projects; 3) Cell phones can bring unexpected risks; 4) Cell phones could harbor or unleash evil—associated with increasing cases of crimes victimizing left-behind children and juvenile delinquency. The author discusses how institutional goals of social agencies, corporations, educators and law enforcement contribute to the polarity of cell-phone-related discourses, which reflect the societal anxieties over unsupervised access to technology by adolescents, as well as the cultural and political implications of empowering the “have-nots” of digital divide.
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"Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States." In Shark Nursery Grounds of the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast Waters of the United States, edited by ROBERT E. HUETER and JOHN P. TYMINSKI. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569810.ch13.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—At least 16 species of coastal sharks from four families (Carcharhinidae, Sphyrnidae, Ginglymostomidae, Triakidae) utilize Gulf of Mexico waters off Florida and Texas as primary and/ or secondary nursery areas. From 1991 to 2004, data were collected on 12,879 neonates, young of the year, and older juveniles of these 16 species in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, primarily in coastal waters of the Florida peninsula and secondarily along the Texas coast. Five main areas of Florida (Yankeetown, Tampa Bay, Charlotte Harbor, Ten Thousand Islands, and Florida Keys) and three areas of Texas (Sabine Pass, Matagorda Bay, and Corpus Christi) were studied as shark nurseries. In general, most pupping activity in these gulf nurseries occurs in the late spring and early summer and the neonate and young-of-the-year animals inhabit the primary nurseries throughout the summer and into the fall. Declining water temperatures in the fall typically are associated with the exit of sharks from these natal inshore waters. In some cases, annual cycles of philopatric behavior are indicated whereby juveniles of both large and small coastal species migrate back to the nurseries in spring and summer. In these cases, primary nurseries for neonates and young of the year may function additionally as secondary nurseries for older juveniles. The importance of Florida and Texas coastal habitats in the early life history of Gulf of Mexico sharks underscores the need for conservation of these areas to help rebuild depleted shark populations.
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"Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment." In Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment, edited by Thomas M. Grothues, Kenneth W. Able, Jacque Carter, and Timothy W. Arienti. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch9.

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<em>Abstract</em>.-Telemetered adult striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis </em>(<em>n </em>= 170) in two small nonnatal U.S. Atlantic coast estuaries, the Mullica River-Great Bay in New Jersey and the Saco River in Maine, displayed a variety of movements relative to migration and habitat use. Individual presence in both systems ranged from hours to many months from spring through fall but seldom during the winter. Some made upriver runs during the presumed spawning season. An absence of eggs, larvae, or juvenile stage striped bass or suitable spawning grounds suggests that fish utilizing both systems are members of migrant contingents originating elsewhere. In both systems, some seasonal residents occupied individual "home" ranges throughout the salinity gradient, but others were plastic in their behavior and utilized several sites or visited the estuary either briefly or for a whole season in different years. Movement of fish between study sites and recaptures away from them indicated wide dispersal during time away from the study estuaries. The above supports the idea that migratory and seasonal residence behaviors of migrant striped bass are not compulsive or predictive but reactive or learned. Despite long seasonal occurrence in these small estuaries by some individuals, none appeared to become full-time residents. Small estuaries may lack the year-round resources for spawning and feeding to enable this. However, the observed behaviors could promote recolonization of spawning stocks with residents in larger restored rivers and estuaries where they have been previously extirpated. Localized fishery depletion of small estuaries could occur quickly but would be temporary in the absence of stock wide depletion.
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10

Greenland, David. "Decadal Climate Variation and Coho Salmon Catch." In Climate Variability and Ecosystem Response in Long-Term Ecological Research Sites. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195150599.003.0025.

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When temporally smoothed data are used for the period 1925 to 1985 there is a close inverse statistical relationship acting at an interdecadal timescale between the Pacific Northwest (PNW) air temperatures and Coho salmon catch off the coast of Washington and Oregon. This relationship is now well known, although not fully explained, but at the time of its discovery in 1994 it was part of advances being made by several research groups on interdecadal-scale climate/ecological changes in the PNW (Greenland 1995). The discovery and later, related findings may be usefully examined within the context of the framework questions of this book (see chapter 1) because it provides a very interesting example of climate variability and ecosystem response found, in part, by Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) investigators. The logical progression for this chapter is first to review a little of the relationship between Coho salmon and climate and then to explain how a study at one LTER site led to a finding with regional implications. An update of the findings at interdecadal-scale climate/ecological changes in the PNW is then appropriate, followed by a discussion of the topic with the framework questions of this book. The PNW is defined, for the purposes of this chapter, as the area of Washington and Oregon west of the crest of the Cascade Range. The term decadal is used loosely in this chapter to refer to changes that focus on time periods of about 10 to 30 years in length. Salmon live part of their lives in terrestrial, freshwater environments and part in marine, saltwater environments. The salmon life history starts with fertilized eggs remaining in gravel in freshwater stream beds and hatching after 1–3 months. One to five months later, fry emerge in the spring or summer. Juvenile fish are in freshwater from a few days to 4 years, depending on species and locality. After the juveniles change to smolts, they can migrate to the ocean, usually in spring or early summer, often taking advantage of streamflows driven by snowmelt. The fish spend 1–4 years in the ocean and then return to their freshwater home stream to spawn and die. More specifically, the typical life cycle for Oregon Coho spans 3 years (18 months in freshwater and 18 months in the ocean).
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Reports on the topic "Juvenile migrants"

1

Abernethy, C. Scott, Dennis D. Dauble, and Robert L. Johnson. Feasibility Study for Evaluating Cumulative Exposure of Downstream Migrant Juvenile Salmonids to Total Dissolved Gas. Final Report 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/621864.

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2

Visa Barbosa, M., J. Soto Merola, and C. Rubio Ros. El tratamiento mediático de la emigración juvenil en los informativos televisivos y en los vídeos auto producidos por migrantes (2009-2015). Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2016-1133.

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