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1
Dobrochna Wójcik. "Praca kuratora dla nieletnich w opinii sędziów sądów rodzinnych i kuratorów społecznych." Archives of Criminology, no. XV (October 30, 1988): 203–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak1988e.
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The paper contains the results of a questionnaire study carried out on national representative samples of family courts judges (277 persons) and voluntary probation officers (247 persons). The main aim of the study was to obtain the practicians opinion as to the model of probation service existing in Poland and its ideal vision, as well as the conception of the work of a voluntary probation officer with a juvenile delinquent and his milieu and the: effectiveness of such work. comparing the statements of judges and voluntary probation officers, the author intended to find out what opinion the persons who play various parts in the process of resocialization of juveniles have on the educational work of voluntary probation officers: what this work should be and what it actually is. The picture that emerges from the statements of both groups of respondents is not favourable, the appraisals made by family courts judges being more, critical as a rule than those of voluntary probation officers. Some of the respondents statements are declarations and wishes. Over a half of the family courts judges (58 per cent) and about 80 per cent of voluntary probation officers consider the voluntary-cum-professional model of probation service for juvenile delinquents found in our country to be a good one (although only a part of them approve of it fully, with the remaining ones accepting it conditionally and submitting various proposals for its improvement). On the other hand, as many as 42 per cent of judges and about 20 per cent of voluntary probation officers opt for the performance of supervision -by professional probation officers only. To substantiate their standpoint, these persons argue that voluntary probation officers lack qualifications, are insufficiently engaged in educational work with juveniles, and that in their case difficulties arise in executing the proper performance of supervision. Also the enrollment of voluntary probation officers is disapproved of, the examined persons stating that in the face of a small number of applicants for this work, no requirements can be imposed upon them, and many of them are chance persons with no training whatever. As few as 7.6 per cent of family courts judges and as many as 48.6 per cent of voluntary probation officers are of the opinion that probation officers are well prepared to perform their function of resocialization. In the opinion of most respondents, the number of voluntary probation officers is greatly insufficient. The author was also interested in the respondents vision of the voluntary probation officer's work with a juvenile and his milieu, the elements that should prevail in this work: education, care or supervision, and the actual situation in this respect, as well as the real course of this work. Most respondents (78 per cent of judges and 52.2 per cent of probation officers) stresed the educational elements of a voluntary -probation officer's activity. :What is alarming, however, is the fact a considerable group both of family courts' judges (21.3 per cent) and of voluntary probation officers (30 per cent) believe formal supervision to be the most important aspect. Yet as shown by the findings of the study, the actual work of .a voluntary probation. officers departs greatly from the declared ideal model. Voluntary probation officers are burdened with an excessive number of supervised juveniles, with about 30 per .cent of them supervising over 10 persons which is the number set as the maximum. The majority of respondents demand a reduction of the number of juveniles under supervision, which is however difficult to be fulfilled because of the lack of candidates willing to become probation officers. As appears also from the respondents statements, there is no elaborate conception of the voluntary probation officer's work. Too much weight is attached when appraising this work to its formal criteria (e.g. the number of probation officer's contacts with the juvenile). Instead, the quality of his work is inadequately analyzed. Admittedly, both professional probation officers and most of all family courts judges lack sufficient data to carry out such an analysis: namely, the information about a voluntary probation officer's work come from his reports that are frequently faulty as regards quality, contents and promptness; this appears not only from the judge's but also from the voluntary probation officers' own statements. Co-operation between voluntary probation officers on the one hand, and profesional probation officers and family courts' judges on the other hand, is also faulitly organized. The respondents perceive this co-operation as the opportunity to settle definite legal, educational and organizational matters rather, than as a regular influence of the family court towards an improvement of the voluntary probation officers' qualifications and an increase of their educational impact on the juveniles. In resocializing activities, great weight is attached to the educational methods applied by the voluntary probation officer. His basic method is considered to be that of individual therapy which should be accompanied by group and environmental therapy. As appears from the statements of most voluntary probation officers, the forms of their work, and of influencing the juvenile in particular, were rather modest and poorly differentiated, the probation officers revealing litt1e initiative and being either relucant or unable to make the contacts with juvniles supervised by them more diversified. As few as about 20 per cent of the examined voluntary probation officers were in good contact with some of their probationers at any rate, the contact being of a therapeutical character (which was important in so- far as over 40 per cent of probation officers stated that they supervised- juveniles with personality disorders). In resocializing work, the posibilities of influence in a group of young persons are insufficiently used. Moreover, voluntary probation officers meet with many difficulties in co-operating with their probationers families, their contacts with the institutions engaged in crime prevention, education or social assistance being also unsatisfactory. Voluntary probation officers co-operate rather regularly with schools, the police, the Polish Committee for Social Aid and occupational guidance centres only (though naturally the degree of a voluntary probation officer's co-operation with the abovementioned institutions differs). The respondents of both groups expressed their opinions about the effectiveness of the supervision, its conditions and criteria. In general, views of family courts judges and of volunatry probation officers converged to a high degree, the majority of respondents being of the opinion that nothing but the juvenile's complete and positive participation in the social life and proper performance of due social roles testifies to a successful ending of a supervision. Convergences could also be found. between the judges and the probation officers opinions about the conditions of success vs. failure of supervision. Discussing successful supervisions respondents of both groups stressed the importance of good relations between the probation officer and his probationer, co-operation with the juvenile’s parents, their emotional commitment and readiness to act jointly with the probation officer, the probation officer's competence in getting into emotional contact with the juvenile and his family and to win their confidence. According to the respondents, the most important factors that determine a failure of supervision are: the juvenile's considerable demoralization, influence of the negative peer group, a negative family milieu and a lack of co-operation. with the probation officer on the part of the parents. Therefore, respondents of both groups lay a great emphasis on the importance of emotional relations which should link the three parties involved: the juvenile, his parents, and the voluntary probation officer. The necessity of mutual approval, understanding and respect for each other’s rights, was particularly stressed. Mutual good emotional relations linking the above-mentioned persons seams to be the key issue as far as success or failure of super- vision is concerned. If both the juvenile and his parents have a favourable attitude towards the probation officer and trust him, it will be much easier for him to persuade the juvenile of the necessity of regular learning or changing his conduct, and his parents-of the need for co-operation. Therefore the findings point to the fact that the declared shape of the work of a voluntary probation officer is much better than the actual one. The final part of the questionnaire was devoted to the use of educational measures and obligations of juvenile delinquents and their parents resulting from provisions of the Act of Nov. 26, 1982 on the proceedings in cases concerning minors. The Act introduced new educational measures and obligations of juveniles, as well as the possibility of punishing the juvenile's parents with a fine and notifying their workplaces or social organizations they are members of about their failure in parental obligations whenever this failure is caused by the parents fault. About 60-70 per cent of the judges never applied the newly introduced educational measures nor imposed obligations upon juveniles, although over a half of the judges and 60-70 per cent of the voluntary probation officers are convinced that it was right to introduce these new measures. A part of the respondents however (one-fourth of the judges and one-fifth of the probation officers) express their doubts as to the possibilities of the family court's supervision of performance of the obligation imposed upon juveniles. Very few judges applied disciplinary measures towards the juveniles parents in practice, although about 25 per cent of them express an opinion as to the effectiveness of a fine, and about 18 per cent believe that notifying the parents workplace may bring about satisfactory results. As compared with judges, voluntary probation officers expressed their favourable opinion as to the effectiveness of these measures more frequently (44 and 62 per cent respectively). Because of a relatively short period of binding force of the new provisions (which was about one and a half years at the moment of the study), the problem of application of some of the educational measures and obligations in particular, as well as the judges and probation officers opinion as to their pertinence and the possibilities of supervising their execution should be investigated further.
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Giblin, Matthew J. "Using Police Officers to Enhance the Supervision of Juvenile Probationers: An Evaluation of the Anchorage CAN Program." Crime & Delinquency 48, no. 1 (January 2002): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702048001005.
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This study presents an evaluation of the Anchorage Coordinated Agency Network (CAN) program. The program combined the capacities of both the Anchorage Police Department and the Anchorage Office of Juvenile Probation to enhance the overall levels of supervision that juvenile probationers received. Consistent with research from intensive supervision literature, the CAN evaluation found that juveniles participating in the program were more likely to have new technical violations but no more likely to have new charges when comparedto juveniles on regular probation. These findings support intensive supervision probation literature suggesting that increased supervision and surveillance lead to increased levels of probation violations.
3
Anishchenko, V. O., and O. I. Mytska. "PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES OF PROBATION BODIES IN THEIR WORK WITH JUVENILE OFFENDERS." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2024, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2024.01.076.
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The development of probation in Ukraine is one of the main directions of reforming the penitentiary system. Probation helps to solve a number of issues in the field of correction and re-socialization of persons who have committed certain offenses and who have been given the opportunity by the state to reform and avoid being placed in places of detention. Among the subjects of probation, the category of “juveniles” requires special attention, as the results of the study confirm that probation authorities should intensify their work with them to prevent repeat offenses. While studying it was found that a number of measures should be added to the existing tasks of probation authorities to strengthen their preventive activities in working with juvenile offenders. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking and law enforcement activities during the probation of juveniles. Key words: juvenile probationers, probation authorities, repeat offense, preventive activity, probation, system of preventive measures, social and educational work.
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Matarese, Maureen T., and Carolus van Nijnatten. "‘Showing one’s card’: Negotiating disclosure through game play in juvenile probation." Text & Talk 39, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-2025.
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AbstractCommunication between probation officers and juvenile offenders is essential, clarifying the nature and cause of possible disorders and providing insight into the chances of recidivism and/or recovery. Forensic social work, however, is complicated as it is both oriented toward collecting information for the court (forensic aims) and aimed at helping the juvenile’s improvement (social work aims). This paper examines two unique cases of probation officer-juvenile interaction that utilize a board game intended to foster disclosure. As any disclosure may be used against the juvenile in court, the juvenile must be compliant enough without disclosing too much. Using a combination of frame analysis and discourse analyses of delicacy, we describe how the game is used to encourage disclosure as well as how the game allows juveniles to appear compliant ultimately without disclosing much personal information.
5
Dobrochna Wójcik. "Probation. Some European Solutions." Archives of Criminology, no. XXV (March 2, 2000): 29–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak1999-2000b.
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The article discusses the legal solutions of probation as well as regulations pertaining to organization of probation services and to functions of probation officers in criminal proceedings of adults and juveniles in some European countries. Discussed has been probation in England, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Lithuania, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden. The introduction focuses on the definition of probation; also, the role of international organizations in promoting probation has been characterized together with the importance of recommendations as to the principles and practice, issued by such organizations, for introduction of probation into criminal justice. Considering the future shape of probation, one might ask to what extent we can use those experiences. We believe that some foreign solutions of probation might be added to the Polish legislation in the course of the Polish probation reform which has been going on for several years now. The following problems should in our opinion be reconsidered and possibly regulated in a manner other than the present one. The major and basic issue is the decision as to probation's position with respect to the criminal justice system. The problem is regulated differently in different countries; decisions as to the Polish solutions should be carefully considered. The Commission for Probation Reform, appointed several years ago, suggested that the probation system remain part of the criminal justice system but acquire the status of an autonomous department, an associate and partner of courts. Related to this is the postulate that the work of probation officers be evaluated as to the merits by a competent superior officer and not by the judge as it is today. Also solved should be the problem of a possible separate regulation of juvenile vs. adult probation (as it is the case in many European countries). In such countries, there is also the trend to remove proceedings in cases of offences from juvenile courts and to deal with them within administrative procedure. As regards the measures applied to juveniles, their execution is more and more often handed over to social services. The system for assisting and educating juveniles who break the legal norms or find it otherwise difficult to become integrated with society thus becomes ever more consistent; the competent services cooperate with one another ever more closely and coordination of their work is improved, which enhances the effectiveness of their efforts. What is important for the proper effects of educational work is cooperation of probation services with local government agencies and local communities. Although the road towards this kind of transformation of probation is difficult in Poland and various obstacles may be encountered, it is nevertheless a worth-while effort to use the experience of other countries and to introduce modern legal solutions that have been tested elsewhere.
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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, and Kristin Y. Mack. "Negative Impact of the Job: Secondary Trauma Among Juvenile Detention and Juvenile Probation Officers." Violence and Victims 35, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00141.
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The purpose of this article is to extend the existing literature on the workplace experiences of staff who work with juvenile offenders. We do this by assessing the extent of secondary trauma among a sample of juvenile detention officers and juvenile probation officers, and examine whether or not predictors of secondary trauma differ by position. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results based on a survey of 298 staff reveal that secondary trauma is relatively low among both juvenile detention officers and juvenile court/probation officers. Additionally, results indicate predictors of secondary trauma differ for each of these job positions. Experiencing threat or harm from offenders increased secondary trauma for detention officers but not for probation/court officers. However, having a higher level of education and input into decision-making decreased secondary trauma for probation/court officers, but not for detention officers. Greater support from coworkers led to decreased secondary trauma for both detention and probation/court officers. Implications for detention and probation agencies include efforts to improve supervisor and coworker support, as well as debriefing sessions after threat of harm incidents have occurred.
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Calvert, James D., and Terri Bauer. "Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems: A Treatment Program Evaluation." Open Psychology 1, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0001.
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AbstractJuveniles commit a significant portion of the sexual abuse perpetrated on other children. Treatment for juveniles with sexual behavior problems has moved from modified adult treatments to more developmentally appropriate approaches. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most commonly used approach, research indicates that inclusion of significant others in the juvenile’s life is important when working with these youth. The inclusion of the juvenile’s family is seen as especially vital in treatment success. The current article reviews treatment outcomes, as measured by recidivism (re-offense) rates, for juvenile males completing a county juvenile sex offender treatment program. The program emphasizes family involvement and collaboration with juvenile probation officers, correctional officer, attorneys, and judges in the ongoing treatment as well as support of the juvenile and his/her family. Results indicate a sexual recidivism rate of 7.2% which is consistent with meta-analyses of research on sexual recidivism in treatment programs. The recidivism rate for non-sexual crimes was 33.7%, which is lower than typically reported in meta-analyses of treatment outcomes. The treatment program was equally effective for all juveniles, regardless of race.
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Rush, Jeffrey P. "Juvenile probation officer cynicism." American Journal of Criminal Justice 15, no. 2 (March 1991): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02885620.
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Stasiak, Krzysztof. "Referral to a probation centre as an educational measure." Probacja 2 (June 30, 2023): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.6692.
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Referral to a probation centre is an educational measure that is adjudicated on average against 2% of juveniles. It is most often applied to juveniles who show behavior indicative of their demoralization (in about 70%). In the context of the changes that have taken place in the phenomenon of social maladjustment (an increase in the behaviors of juveniles that are indicative of their demoralization; in 2020, in 56% this was the reason for applying educational measures to them), referring a minor to a probation center appears to be one of the better means of influencing a minor, as the centre is a facility that has extensive experience in working with demoralized persons. This argues for further development of probation centres, both in organizational and methodical spheres. The new Act on the Support and Re-socialisation of Juveniles, which replaced the Act on the Proceedings in Juvenile Matters, modifies the basic purpose of a probation centre and transforms it from a primarily preventive facility into a typical educational and re-socialisation facility. The proposed changes go in the right direction, as they strengthen probation centres in organisational terms. However, it is questionable whether it is appropriate for this Act to regulate the rules for the creation, abolition and organisation of the centre, as these issues are of a systemic nature. A probation centre is undoubtedly an element of the probation service, for which reason the Probation Officers Act seems a more appropriate place to regulate such issues.
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Wooldredge, John, Jennifer Hartman, Edward Latessa, and Stephen Holmes. "Effectiveness of Culturally Specific Community Treatment for African American Juvenile Felons." Crime & Delinquency 40, no. 4 (October 1994): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040004007.
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In response to seemingly high recidivism rates among male African American juvenile felons in Cincinnati, a community program was created specifically for these youths. The Community Corrections Partnership (CCP) Program focuses on the cultural regrounding of African American boys to improve their self-esteem and help them to develop a sense of community. The program has received national attention, yet its effectiveness for reducing recidivism remains unknown. This article presents results from a study of rearrests among juveniles who have completed the program and a comparison group of youths who underwent probation. The findings revealed that CCP did no better than regular probation for preventing recidivism among these juveniles.
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Utrat-Milecki, Jarosław. "Culturally intetrated analysis of socio-legal context of creation and development of probation centres for juveniles." Probacja 4 (November 30, 2023): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.0071.
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The article analyses the socio cultural conditions of the creation of probation centers for juveniles in Polish juvenile courts, the reforms of those centres in the context of socio cultural and methodological changes in proceedings with juveniles and indicates the arguments justifing their future functioning and development.
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Steiner, Benjamin, Elizabeth Roberts, and Craig Hemmens. "Where is juvenile probation today? the legally prescribed functions of juvenile probation officers." Criminal Justice Studies 16, no. 4 (December 2003): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0888431032000183470.
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Rodriguez, Nancy, and Vincent J. Webb. "Multiple Measures of Juvenile Drug Court Effectiveness: Results of a Quasi-Experimental Design." Crime & Delinquency 50, no. 2 (April 2004): 292–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128703254991.
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Prior studies of juvenile drug courts have been constrained by small samples, inadequate comparison groups, or limited outcome measures. The authors report on a 3-year evaluation that examines the impact of juvenile drug court participation on recidivism and drug use. A quasi-experimental design is used to compare juveniles assigned to drug court with those assigned to standard probation in Maricopa County, Arizona. Findings indicate drug court participants were less likely to recidivate than youths in the comparison group. Analyses of drug use show no significant difference between groups in marijuana use but reveal that drug court participants were more likely than juveniles in the comparison group to test positive for cocaine. Family stability, school attendance, and legal indicators were important predictors of drug court effectiveness. Last, findings indicate the majority of juveniles in drug court were unsuccessful in meeting program requirements and subsequently released to state-operated facilities or standard probation.
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Husak, A. "PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF PROBATION REGARDING JUVENILE OFFENDERS." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 2(58) (August 7, 2023): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2023.2(58).285612.
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Juvenile justice is increasingly perceived as a system of preventing the causes of juvenile crime in Ukrainian society. This leads to the modernization of the system of crime prevention among children. Many options were proposed to improve domestic preventive measures based on a critical analysis of the preventive components of juvenile delinquency prevention. The main task of this article is to highlight the problems of the probation service and to consider and analyze the preventive measures of probation for juvenile offenders. According to the Law of Ukraine "On Probation" probation is a system of supervisory and social-educational measures applied by a court decision and in accordance with the law to convicts, execution of certain types of criminal punishments not related to deprivation of liberty, and providing the court with information, which characterizes the accused. The purpose of probation is to ensure public safety by correcting offenders, preventing them from re-offending, and providing the court with information about the characteristics of the accused in order to determine their level of responsibility. The main principles of probation: justice, legality, the inevitability of punishment, respect for the rights and freedoms of citizens, respect for human dignity, equality before the law, confidentiality, impartiality, cooperation and interaction of state and local self-government bodies. Therefore, the probation system should be part of the juvenile justice system, as a set of measures that can be applied to a person found guilty, if he is sentenced to a certain term of imprisonment or other responsibility, in order to establish certain limits and obligations regarding the offender for the purpose of social rehabilitation. Therefore, the probation system should be a part of the juvenile justice system as a set of measures that are applied to a person found guilty by the courts of committing a crime. In recent years, the state authorities of Ukraine, scientists and individual public organizations have taken serious steps towards the implementation of state policy in the field of criminal-executive relations. In this area, many normative legal acts and legislative initiatives have been adopted. Several draft laws on the humanization of criminal law have been submitted to the Verkhovna Rada, including through the introduction of probation. The results of the research show that the complexity of the resocialization process requires special knowledge of psychology and social work from probation officers.
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Esthappan, Sino, Johanna Lacoe, Janine M. Zweig, and Douglas W. Young. "Transforming Practice Through Culture Change: Probation Staff Perspectives on Juvenile Justice Reform." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 18, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204020901761.
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Probation plays a central role in the juvenile justice system, and probation officers are often involved in numerous decisions made in juvenile courts. This study examines the views of probation staff from 23 jurisdictions, some of which participated in an Annie E. Casey Foundation–funded juvenile justice reform effort intended to safely and significantly reduce the use of out-of-home placements, especially for youth of color. We survey juvenile probation staff members at two waves and describe changes in reported practices and principles relating to individualized case planning, youth engagement, family and community engagement, and racial and ethnic equity and inclusion as well as beliefs about the purposes of out-of-home placement. Reform sites reported slightly more frequent use of practices and principles addressing community engagement and racial and ethnic equity and inclusion in the second wave than in the first wave.
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Mytska, O. I. "METHODOLOGY OF STUDYING THE PEСULIARITIES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUVENILE PROBATION INSTITUTE IN UKRAINE." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2022, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.03.099.
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In the article, the author considers the methodology of researching the peculiarities of the establishment and development of the juvenile probation institute in Ukraine. It is indicated that the methodology of juvenile probation research should be based on a dialectical approach, which should be represented by the researcher’s rationalism, his ability to draw parallels between different points of view on the same phenomenon and single out the “core”, that can provide an opportunity to establish the universality of the studied phenomenon and its authenticity. From the point of view of dialectical materialism, juvenile probation should be investigated in the context of its effectiveness and timeliness within the existing development and mentality of Ukrainian society, with subsequent forecasting of its transformation over time. It is noted that the legislator’s perception of the forms and limits of human existence, the legal and social needs of the country’s citizens, gives him the opportunity not only to find ways to respond to any illegal actions of individuals, but also to warn them, correcting the deviant tendencies of the offender. That is why, considering juvenile probation through the prism of epistemology, it is possible to reproduce the symbiosis of sensual and rational, preserving the principle of humanism of criminal legislation and rationalism when working with a criminal offender. It is concluded that the methodology of the study of the peculiarities of the formation and development of the juvenile probation institute is a complex system of values, philosophical principles and guidelines on which the legislative representation of the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and the single unified structure of humane interaction with deviant adolescents are based. To date, this methodology is almost no different from similar ones in the science of criminal law and has the main task of simplifying the process of researching individual phenomena with the subsequent integration of this kind of understanding into legislative initiatives and practices. Key words: methodology, juvenile, juvenile justice, juvenile probation, criminal offense, criminal offender, criminal legislation, repression.
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Kim, Byung Bae. "The Roles of Communities in the Context of EBP in Reducing Recidivism of Juvenile Probationers." Forum of Public Safety and Culture 24 (September 30, 2023): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2023.24.107.
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The current study attempts to provide the roles of communities in terms of reducing recidivism of juvenile probationers and parolees in South Korea. In order to lay the groundwork, the current study also introduces the evidence-based principles and policies regarding juvenile delinquency. Traditionally, the efforts to reduce recidivism among juvenile probationers and parolees have suffered from two limitations. The first one concerns the fact that those policies have not been premised on evidence based principles and programs. Therefore the extant polices have been experimenting with new ideas or have been accepting the policies that have been proven ineffective in other countries. The second limitation is related to the fact that most of those efforts have largely focused on the roles of probation officers or Ministry of Justice. As a result, a serious discussion has gone missing on the basic issue such as what kinds of community resources should be reserved for whom in the community and how?
Against this backdrop, the current study provides reviews of the extant literature of what works on juvenile delinquents. In doing so, much attention is given to the theory of Risk, Needs, Responsivity Principles (RNR principles). As a main argument advanced for the current paper, the roles of community will be offered in order to reduce recidivism of juvenile probationer and parolees. More specifically, the attention will largely focus on the issues such as the roles of probation officers, voluntary probation officers, school systems, community mental health agencies, and community shelters along with local governments. Finally, this study concludes with some useful tips and recommendations for future research and practices.
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Lockwood, Ashley, Jennifer H. Peck, Kevin T. Wolff, and Michael T. Baglivio. "Understanding Adverse Childhood Experiences and Juvenile Court Outcomes: The Moderating Role of Race and Ethnicity." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 20, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15412040211063437.
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Youth involved in the juvenile justice system have enhanced traumatic exposure including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction compared to their non-involved counterparts. While prior research has conceptualized the role of trauma in predicting juvenile recidivism, the interrelated role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and race/ethnicity in informing juvenile court processing and outcomes is unaddressed. As such, we examine the moderating role of race/ethnicity with ACEs across court outcomes (e.g., dismissal, diversion, probation, residential placement) among juveniles after their first ever arrest (37.2% Black, 18.3% Hispanic). Higher ACEs were associated with (1) decreased adjudication likelihood, (2) case dismissal for Black and Hispanic youth, (3) deeper dispositions versus diversion for Hispanic youth, (4) residential placement versus diversion for White youth, and (5) residential placement versus probation, with no racial or ethnic differences. Policy implications and future research surrounding the treatment of justice-involved youth with childhood traumatic exposure across race/ethnicity are discussed.
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Cliristean, Arthur G. "Training For Juvenile Probation Officers." Juvenile Court Judges Journal 21, no. 4 (March 18, 2009): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1971.tb00379.x.
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Brank, Eve, Jodi Lane, Susan Turner, Terry Fain, and Amber Sehgal. "An Experimental Juvenile Probation Program." Crime & Delinquency 54, no. 2 (October 26, 2007): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128706296048.
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Ward, Geoff, and Aaron Kupchik. "What Drives Juvenile Probation Officers?" Crime & Delinquency 56, no. 1 (May 14, 2008): 35–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128707307960.
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Justyna Włodarczyk-Madejska. "Cooperation of Juvenile Courts with Supporting Institutions in the Adjudication Process." Archives of Criminology, no. XL (September 16, 2018): 153–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2018d.
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The article analyses the cooperation of juvenile judges with supporting institutionsin the adjudication process on the basis of the research project conducted at theDe partment of Criminology of the Institute of Law Studies of the Polish Academyof Sciences in 2016, entitled: “Cooperation of juvenile courts with other institutionsin the application educational and corrective measures”. The aim of the research projectwas to examine how juvenile courts practically implement the assumptions resultingfrom the Act on Proceeding in Juvenile Cases, especially its Article 32b, which providesthat juvenile judges have a duty to collect information about the juveniles and theirenvironment in the course of the proceedings – directly or indirectly (by the supportinginstitutions). The last of them have been defined as an organised team of institutionsthat cooperate with each other in order to achieve common aims. Cooperation hasbeen defined as “a type of social process to achieve a common aims”. In the courseof the project, two kinds of research were conducted. The first of them included nationalsurveys addressed to juvenile judges, professional family probation officers, expertsfrom diagnostic teams, the second – individual in-depth interviews with selectedrepresentatives of these groups. The national surveys comprised: 162 juvenile judges,556 professional family probation officers and 177 experts from diagnostic teams, whichaccounted for, respectively, 16%, 28% and 33% of total population for each of thesegroups. The individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 respondents,10 in each group.On the basis of the research, it can be assumed that, in general, the cooperationof juvenile judges with professional family probation officers and diagnostic teamsis good. This is an average value. It means that, in some courts, cooperation is more efficient than in others. The main evidence that provides knowledge about juvenilesis the environmental interview; 70% of judges declared that the order regarding thepreparation of an interview is issued in each case. None of them chose this categoryof answers in the question about the diagnostic opinion. Both the national survey andthe interviews demonstrate the lack of interdependence between the type of case andthe frequency of the order to prepare an environmental interview. This dependencyoccurs in relation to the diagnostic opinion. The probability of commissioning the pre -paration of such evidence is higher in cases in which the court intends to rule anisolation educational measure or corrective measure. There are different practicesof asking questions to the supporting institution. The questions, especially aboutthe cause and degree of demoralisation (88%), suggestions about the measure andthe direction of further impacts (86%), and personality characteristics of the juveniles(79.6%), are more often addressed to the diagnostic teams. The conducted researchconfirmed a high degree of convergence of the judgments with the recommendationsof the supporting institutions (an average 78.5% with diagnostic teams and 54.7% withprofessional family probation officers). Juvenile judges were asked to evaluate evidencecontaining information about the juveniles. The judges recognised the diagnosticopinion as the most helpful evidence in the decision-making process (87.7%); whereas85.8% of them also underlined the importance of the environmental interview. Thereis no doubt about nearly the same perception of the purpose of the functioning ofthe supporting institutions by the respondents of all the three surveyed groups. Theyagreed that these institutions are necessary and the juvenile justice system could notexist without them. These institutions provide information allowing conducting com -plete diagnoses of the juveniles and their environment, and thus determining themost needed measure; as such, they help to make the decision on the applicationof the most appropriate measure in each case. The article also includes theoreticalanalysis and analysis of the applicable regulations. Each of them confirms the existenceof assumptions and premises to create a “model system of proceeding with juveniles.”
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Vidal, Sarah, and Jennifer Woolard. "Parents' perceptions of juvenile probation: Relationship and interaction with juvenile probation officers, parent strategies, and youth's compliance on probation." Children and Youth Services Review 66 (July 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.04.019.
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Nelson, Rebecca J., and Gina M. Vincent. "Matching Services to Criminogenic Needs Following Comprehensive Risk Assessment Implementation in Juvenile Probation." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 8 (June 27, 2018): 1136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818780923.
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One emphasis of juvenile justice reform has been implementation of risk assessment instruments to improve case planning. This study examined the ability of juvenile probation departments to apply the risk-needs-responsivity (RNR) framework into case planning following a comprehensive implementation protocol. Data were collected on 385 adolescent offenders across three probation departments following implementation of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk for Youth (SAVRY) and an RNR-related case planning policy. As expected, as risk levels of youth increased, probation departments assigned more services and addressed more criminogenic need areas in their case plans. Most case plans (86%) adhered to the policy to limit the number of needs addressed at one time. The quality of service-to-need matching varied by criminogenic need area, risk level, and site. Implications to juvenile courts’ and probation officers’ case planning and the challenges of research on service-to-need matching are discussed.
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FUNK, STEPHANIE J. "Risk Assessment for Juveniles on Probation." Criminal Justice and Behavior 26, no. 1 (March 1999): 44–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854899026001003.
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This article describes a study that examines the utility of separate risk assessment instruments for classifying male and female delinquents on probation. It addresses these questions: (a) Do separate instruments classify juveniles' risks for reoffending better than a combined instrument? and (b) Do risk factors differ for female and male reoffenders? These issues are explored using data gathered from a large metropolitan juvenile court. The findings indicate that separate risk assessment instruments improve classifications of risk for reoffending, especially among females. Furthermore, female risk factors differ substantially from those of their male counterparts. Implications are discussed for applied and theoretical research.
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CHUI, WING HONG, and HENG CHOON (OLIVER) CHAN. "BASELINE FINDINGS OF A PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON PRO-OFFENDING ATTITUDES AND SELF-REPORTED PROBLEMS AMONG JUVENILE PROBATIONERS." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 45, no. 01n02 (January 2011): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219246211000040.
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Although there are scholarly articles and government reports published over the years (Chui, 2004, 2006; Lo et al., 1997), little is known about the effectiveness of the current Hong Kong probation system in reducing juvenile probationers' recidivism risk and easing their community reintegration process. Thus, this Phase One study of an ongoing three-phase longitudinal project aims to set a baseline to measure the pro-offending attitudes and self-reported problems of 77 male juvenile offenders (aged 14 to 20) who recently started their probation period at a residential home using CRIME-PICS II. Phases Two and Three will be conducted upon the completion of their probation and eventual release into their community. Within-programme changes will be measured to examine the effectiveness of the current juvenile probation practice. Sample demographic characteristics, offender criminal history, and CRIME-PICS II descriptive findings are presented. This project is imperative in several aspects with implications for both public policy and social work practice.
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Villanueva, Lidón, and Keren Cuervo. "The Impact of Juvenile Educational Measures, Confinement Centers, and Probation on Adult Recidivism." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 13 (February 24, 2018): 4108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18758900.
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This study aimed to examine the impact of the educational measure of confinement in juvenile detention center versus probation, on adult recidivism. Participants were 264 youths with a disciplinary record in the Juvenile Court ( M = 16.5), who were sentenced to custody in a juvenile closed detention center or to probation. The risk levels were assessed using the YLS/CMI Inventory (Youth Level of Service/Case Management). A follow-up period for studying these two groups into adulthood was carried out to register possible adult recidivism. The results showed that probation was more effective in reducing subsequent adult offences than the deprivation of liberty. The variable risk level also appears to be a significant factor, improving the predictive model of adult recidivism.
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L.I., Olefir. "Correction and resocialization of juvenile delinquents: current trends." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 1, no. 12 (July 2, 2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2021.01.069.
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Current trends in crime increasing indicate its prevalence among all categories of criminals. Particular attention needs to be paid to the issue of correction and re-socialization of persons serving sentences, especially for juvenile delinquents. This aspect determines the leading goal of the penal system of Ukraine. The attention of the state and its structures today is focused on correcting the juvenile delinquents’ behavior, their resocialization and crime prevention. After all, the working process with juvenile delinquents during this period determines their future life in society and the chances of returning to prison in the future. Therefore, it is important to unite the efforts of all professionals involved in the complex process of re-education of a juvenile offender, and to direct all methods, forms and tools based on individual programs of social and educational work. The issue of correction and re-socialization of convicted juveniles is currently of concern to both domestic and foreign scholars, whose position is determined by the offender’s age. We believe that current research on aspects of the re-education of juveniles who have committed crimes and are in prisons is an important and necessary task to identify new methods and ways to achieve the common goal pursued by the state for its future. The article describes the process of correction and resocialization of convicted juveniles. The components of the working process with juveniles serving sentences in correctional institutions of the penal system in Ukraine are analyzed. The content of the process stages of resocialization of juvenile convicts is revealed. The means of social and educational work used by specialists with juvenile delinquents during each of the periods of resocialization have been clarified. The article considers the purpose of probation programs for juveniles, which is the educational impact on the offender’s identity. Key words: crime, juveniles, correction process, resocialization, educational influence, social and pedagogical work, means of influence, individual approach, probation programs.
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Schaffner, Laurie. "Families on Probation: Court-Ordered Parenting Skills Classes for Parents of Juvenile Offenders." Crime & Delinquency 43, no. 4 (October 1997): 412–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128797043004002.
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What are sociolegal, cultural, and emotional premises beneath conceptualizations of parenting skills for parents of juvenile offenders? This study examined court-ordered parenting skills classes taught by juvenile probation department personnel at a Northern California juvenile detention facility. Three conflicting perspectives arose in the classes: the juvenile court's perspective, where delinquency was framed as a result of poor parenting that state intervention could rectify; the parents' perspective, where parenting was seen as part of the feeling world of family life; and an adult solidarity perspective, where probation officials and parents agreed that youths were bad, out of control, disrespectful—a type of demonization of the youths by all the adults.
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Rhineberger-Dunn, Gayle, and Kristin Y. Mack. "Predicting Burnout Among Juvenile Detention and Juvenile Probation Officers." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 3 (March 6, 2019): 335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419831352.
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The purpose of our study is to extend the existing literature by assessing the predictors of burnout among juvenile justice staff. We assess the impact of individual, job/role-related, and organizational factors on burnout among juvenile probation and juvenile detention officers. Also, given recent research in the institutional and community corrections field, we evaluate which set of variables (e.g., individual, job/role related, and organizational) has a greater impact on burnout. Results indicate that the only individual-level variable affecting burnout is contact hours, and only for emotional exhaustion. Role overload is also significant only for emotional exhaustion, whereas work–family conflict is significant for both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Furthermore, input into decision making and lack of opportunities are both significant for depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Finally, job characteristics appear to have a greater impact than organizational variables on both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, but organizational variables have a stronger influence on personal accomplishment.
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Alarid, Leanne Fiftal, and Luis M. Rangel. "Completion and Recidivism Rates of High-Risk Youth on Probation: Do Home Visits Make a Difference?" Prison Journal 98, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885517753152.
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Probation supervision with and without home visits is an underresearched area for adjudicated higher risk youth. This study compared 287 juvenile probationers receiving police/probation home visits with similar youth ( n = 437) who were supervised on regular probation without home visits. Youth performance was measured during supervision and up to 24 months following probation. The most notable finding was that the rearrest rate for youth who had home visits during supervision was 3 times lower after probation supervision ended than for youth who did not have home visits.
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Matthews, Betsy, and Dana Hubbard. "The Helping Alliance in Juvenile Probation." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 45, no. 1-2 (October 2007): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j076v45n01_09.
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McHardy, Louis W. "An Assessment of Juvenile Probation Services." Juvenile Justice 24, no. 2 (July 14, 2009): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1973.tb01034.x.
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Colley, Lori, Robert G. Culbertson, and Edward J. Latessa. "Juvenile Probation Officers: A Job Analysis." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 38, no. 3 (August 1987): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1987.tb00600.x.
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Maloney, Dennis, Dennis Romig, and Troy Armstrong. "The Balanced Approach to Juvenile Probation." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 39, no. 3 (August 1988): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1988.tb00623.x.
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RAPP-PAGLICCI, LISA A. "Juvenile Probation Officers: Safe and Sound?" Stress, Trauma, and Crisis 7, no. 1 (January 2004): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434610490281110.
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Fabel, Oliver, and Volker Meier. "Rational probation decisions for juvenile delinquents." Economics of Governance 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2002): 249–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101010100044.
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Shichor, David, and Clemens Bartollas. "Private and Public Juvenile Placements: Is there a Difference?" Crime & Delinquency 36, no. 2 (April 1990): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128790036002007.
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This study examines the patterns of public and private juvenile placements in one of the larger probation departments in Southern California. About two-thirds of the juveniles sent to institutional placements were placed in a private setting, and one-third were assigned to public institutions. This pattern was due to financial arrangements between the state and the county government. There were indications that more juveniles with the traditional “delinquent” background were placed in public institutions, while juveniles with individual problems were more likely to be sent to private placements. The policy implications of these patterns are analyzed in the article.
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Bouchard, Jessica, and Jennifer S. Wong. "Examining the Effects of Intensive Supervision and Aftercare Programs for At-Risk Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 6 (February 8, 2017): 1509–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17690449.
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Community correctional sentences are administered to more juvenile offenders in North America than any other judicial sentence. Particularly prominent in juvenile corrections is intensive supervision probation and aftercare/reentry, yet the effects of these supervision-oriented interventions on recidivism are mixed. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine the effects of intensive supervision probation and aftercare/reentry on juvenile recidivism. An extensive search of the literature and application of strict inclusion criteria resulted in the selection of 27 studies that contributed 55 individual effect sizes. Studies were pooled based on intervention type (intensive supervision probation or aftercare/reentry) and outcome measure (alleged or convicted offenses). The pooled analyses yielded contradictory results with respect to outcome measure; in both cases, supervision had a beneficial effect on alleged offenses and negatively affected convicted offenses. These patterns across intervention type and outcome measure, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed.
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A. Y. Nesterov. "INSTITUTIONAL TRIAL OF MINORS CONDEMNED: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." BULLETIN 1, no. 383 (February 15, 2020): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.31.
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The article presents the international positive experience of the probation service for juvenile convicts in the post-prison period, orienting the convict in the process of social adaptation to independent development. An individual who cares about his family and close relatives, benefits the state and society through labor, is a law-abiding citizen who meets all the requirements and generally accepted principles of a legal, modern society and sovereign state. The author of the article formulates the main conclusions, which determine that the main goal of “probation services” is to promote the successful social adaptation of persons of juvenile convicts released from prison. First of all, this assistance consists in rendering assistance to a juvenile convicted person in restoring socially useful ties, social welfare, employment, providing psychosocial, qualified legal and medical assistance, as well as preventing their recidivism. The good practice of the Probation Service of such sovereign states of the World as the Republic of Kazakhstan, Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and Japan is presented.
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Wolcott, David. "Juvenile Justice before Juvenile Court." Social Science History 27, no. 1 (2003): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012487.
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Progressive Era campaigns to establish juvenile courts maintained that police and criminal courts failed to distinguish between children and adults. They suggested that law enforcement agencies either sentenced juveniles as if they were adults, imposing excessive punishments, or let kids go, failing to discipline them and encouraging them to commit further crimes. However, this case study of juvenile arrests in turn-of-the-century Detroit indicates that, before the creation of juvenile court, criminal justice institutions had more complex interactions with delinquent youth than has been recognized previously. Boys typically were arrested for very different offenses than were adults, and the police and courts often segregated children and adolescents from the harshest elements of the criminal justice system. The police sought every opportunity to decide the outcome of juvenile arrests themselves, without a court hearing, particularly if boys had committed only status offenses such as truancy or if crime victims decided not to prosecute. When juveniles did appear in criminal courts, judges found ways to soften their experiences, rarely jailing younger boys and instead sentencing some to reform school for ostensible rehabilitation. After 1900, efforts to protect young offenders from criminal justice institutions expanded as specially assigned police officers increasingly sought to discipline delinquents prior to arrest and the courts introduced an unofficial form of probation. Rather than constituting a break from the past, the creation of Detroit’s juvenile court in 1907 mainly made official juvenile offenders’ growing separation from the criminal justice system.
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Nguku W, Catherine, Kimani Chege, Peter Odera, and Ndaita J. "Effect of Counseling/Modeling on Behaviour Modification of Juvenile Delinquents in Eldoret and Kakamega Rehabilitation Centres." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 32 (November 30, 2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n32p225.
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There is a growing concern with the growth and prevalence of Juvenile delinquents (JD) in rehabilitation centres in Kenya. Juvenile delinquency has become an intricate social problem that significantly influences all members and processes of a social structure. In January 2016, Eldoret Juvenile Remand Home alone had 155 juveniles which is its full capacity. It is against this background that this study examined psychotherapeutic interventions in behaviour modification of JD and recommended measures that would increase the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions in rehabilitation centers of JDs in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of counseling on behaviour modification of JD in Eldoret and Kakamega rehabs. The area of study was Eldoret and Kakamega rehabs. The study adopted Merton Functional Theory of Juvenile Delinquency as the theoretical framework. The study adopted the descriptive and explanatory research survey designs. The target population was comprised of delinquents in Kakamega and Eldoret Rehabs, administrators, trainers and counselors in the rehabs and probation officers. A sample size of 149 respondents comprising of 127 JD, 13 trainers, 5 probation officers, 2 counselors and 2 administrators of the Eldoret and Kakamega rehabs participated in the study. Saturated sampling catered for the delinquents, probation officers, rehab administrators and trainers. Research instruments that were used in this study included questionnaires, interview schedule and document analysis. A Pilot study was carried out to ascertain validity and reliability of the instruments and a reliability coefficient of 0.7 was deemed acceptable. Descriptive statistical tools and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Study findings showed that counseling had a significant effect on behaviour modification. This implies that counseling is an important tool in bringing discipline among juvenile delinquents and for overall rehabilitation programmes which can enhance behaviour modification. There is therefore need for psychotherapeutic intervention at both individual and group level for delinquents so that they can change their behaviour.
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Imanbayev, S., and D. Tel’zhanova. "Psychological and legal aspects of probation control in relation to minors." Pedagogy and Psychology 47, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-2.2077-6861.11.
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The article examines the origins of the creation of the probation service in Kazakhstan, its introduction into the sphere of criminal executive law, goals and objectives. The measures for the implementation of probation control, its role in the provision of qualified psychological assistance to juvenile offenders are considered. The ways of implementing probation control at the present stage are also indicated, the main tasks of the state are presented, program documents aimed at further development and improvement of the probation service are studied. Studied and presented statistical data on the dynamics of juvenile delinquency in the republic. The psychological characteristics of minors are analyzed, in respect of whom it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive and regular analysis of their specific needs. The creation of a specialized staff of trained employees to provide social and legal assistance to minors is emphasized and argued. This paper also raises the question of the need to introduce specialization of the penitentiary psychologist in the universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan in order to achieve high results in the prevention of juvenile delinquency. To comply with international standards in the field of protecting the rights and freedoms of minors, crime prevention, attention is focused on complementing national legislation with the norms of UN international documents.
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Qazi, Sania, MUHAMMAD Jan, and Nazar Hussain. "Analysis of Juvenile Laws and their Protection of Juvenile Offenders in Pakistan." Winter 2023 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i1.168.
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This research article aims to analyze the current laws and regulations in Pakistan that pertain to juvenile offenders and their protection. The article will examine international legislation on the rights of children, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, Minimum Guidelines for Youthful Justice 1980, Article 77 of Additional Protocol-II 1977, and the Child Rights Declaration 1924. The article will also examine the national legislation in Pakistan, including the Penal Code of 1860, the Reformatory Schools Act of 1897, the Smoking Ordinance, the Probation Ordinance of 1960, and the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929. The article will further explore the scope of the Probation Ordinance 1960 and the constitutional provisions relating to children. The research will provide an in-depth analysis of the current laws and regulations in Pakistan that protect the rights of juvenile offenders and assess the extent to which these laws are being implemented effectively.
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Ustinavičiūtė, Laura, Alfredas Laurinavičius, Virginija Klimukienė, Ilona Laurinaitytė, and Mykolas Baltrūnas. "Examining the Convergent Validity of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure Using a Sample of Incarcerated and on Probation Lithuanian Juveniles." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2019): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9120156.
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The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) is based on the triarchic psychopathy model proposed by Patrick, Fowles, and Krueger in 2009. This paper assesses the convergent validity of TriPM using a number of measures for a sample of adolescents who are either incarcerated or on probation. These included the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START: AV); the Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire (STAB); the Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified (CSS-M); and the Measure of Criminal Social Identity (MCSI). The results showed significant differences between groups that are incarcerated and those on probation, with the incarcerated sample of juveniles exhibiting higher ratings in terms of Disinhibition and lower ratings for Boldness. The TriPM measures examined also show expected positive correlations with concurrent measures related to criminal behavior in both of the aforementioned samples of juveniles. A different pattern of correlations was observed between Boldness and STAB scales, with a large positive correlation found in the incarcerated sample, while no significant correlations were detected in the probation sample. The results support the usefulness of TriPM in assessing the psychopathy in samples of the juvenile offenders chosen for our research purposes.
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Viglione, Jill, Danielle Rudes, Vienna Nightingale, Carolyn Watson, and Faye Taxman. "The Many Hats of Juvenile Probation Officers." Criminal Justice Review 43, no. 2 (December 11, 2017): 252–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016817742688.
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The role of juvenile probation officers (JPOs) involves a balancing act between “child saving” and community safety activities. In this study, we examine JPOs’ supervision strategies and how these fit within a juvenile justice framework. Using surveys and latent class analysis, we examine the extent to which JPOs engage in a variety of case management and supervision strategies. Findings reveal little evidence supporting a purely law enforcement role and identified a new class of JPOs that does not fit within the traditional role definitions but focuses on a pro forma role that was nonengaged in case management and supervision activities.
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White, Clair. "Treatment Services in the Juvenile Justice System: Examining the Use and Funding of Services by Youth on Probation." Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 17, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 62–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204017728997.
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Youth enter the juvenile justice system with a variety of service needs, particularly for mental health problems. Research has examined the extent to which youth have mental health disorders, primarily among detained youth, and factors associated with treatment referrals, but little research has examined youth on probation and the actual use of services. Using data obtained from the Maricopa County Juvenile Probation Department from July 2012 through August 2014 ( N = 3,779), the current study examines (1) the factors associated with receiving treatment services while on probation and (2) the factors associated with receiving treatment services through different funding streams. Findings reveal that only about 25% of the sample of youth on probation received treatment services, suggesting the underservicing of youth. Consistent with prior research, there were also racial and ethnic disparities concerning treatment use, with Blacks and Latinos less likely to receive services. Additionally, certain characteristics of youth and their background influenced the funding source for treatment services. Implications for policy and research are discussed in light of these findings.
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Kujan, Patryk. "Selected elements of the work of a probation officer for family and juvenile cases." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 598, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8175.
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The presented article concerns the issues related to the work of a family probation officer in relation to the history, methodology, theory and professional ethics. The subject of the discussion are selected (the most important in the author's opinion) elements of the work, and the aim is to highlight the role of the probation officer in the environment of the charges, aspects of the entrusted tasks and conditions for effective conduct of the process of rehabilitation. The article deals with issues important from both theoretical and practical perspective. It indicates specific difficulties in conducting the process of rehabilitation in the area of family probation. Necessary elements in the area of work with juveniles and family, as well as forms and methods used in the undertaken activities have been specified. Theoretical considerations are presented from the perspective of many years of experience as a probation officer. The text presents statistical data relating to the actual workload (on the example of the chosen court). It is an attempt to indicate the work culture of the probation officer, aspects of entrusted tasks and conditions for effective resocialization. It indicates the essential (subjectively) elements in the work area with juveniles and family and the multitude of forms and methods used in the actions taken by the family probation officer. Theoretical considerations are supplemented by statistics on the actual workload (on the example of a chosen court). The article may serve as an introduction to further theoretical considerations and may provide practical guidelines for the activities of probation officers.
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Bortner, M. A., Mary L. Sunderland, and Russ Winn. "Race and the Impact of Juvenile Deinstitutionalization." Crime & Delinquency 31, no. 1 (January 1985): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128785031001003.
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In a study of 32,000 referrals to juvenile court, the effects of a program to deinstitutionalize status offenders on detention decisions, intake screening, and final dispositions were examined. Although the results of a general comparison of preprogram and postprogram court actions showed relatively little change in court policies, the data did indicate a slight general trend toward less use of secure detention, a greater use of informal hearings, and a lower rate of juveniles placed on probation or in institutions. Differential treatment based on race was evident throughout the 5-year period. Whereas the rate of secure detention of black juveniles declined overall, it increased for black status offenders, especially females. There was a substantial decrease in the use of formal hearings and in the severity of final dispositions for all cases involving black juveniles.
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Kujan, Patryk. "Work of probation officer with juvenile person." Podstawy Edukacji 8 (2015): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/pe.2015.08.19.
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