Relevant bibliographies by topics / K - Gr. 2

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Academic literature on the topic 'K - Gr. 2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "K - Gr. 2"

1

Cortes, J., M. A. Climent, P. Gomez, A. Ruiz, E. Calvo, X. Zhang, E. S. Perez, M. Demario, and J. Baselga. "A phase I trial of weekly combination KOS-862 (Epothilone D) and trastuzumab in HER-2 overexpressing malignancies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2028.

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2028 Background: KOS-862 (Epothilone D) (K) has shown single agent activity against metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and NSCLC. Trastuzumab (H) is standard therapy for HER-2 overexpressing MBC. This phase IB trial determined the safety and PK profile of KOS-862 in a weekly schedule with H. Methods: Eligibility: pts with HER-2 overexpressing (IHC 3+ or FISH +) chemo-refractory tumors, ECOG ≤ 2, neuropathy ≤ gr 1, no CNS metastases, and no H ≤ 6 mo. prestudy. H given as a 4 mg/kg loading dose, then 2 mg/kg wkly. K given as a 90 min iv infusion wkly × 3 Q 4 wks after H. K dose escalation cohorts: 70, 85 & 100 mg/m2. H1 + H2 antagonists + corticosteroid prophylaxis given 30–60 min prior to K. DLT: gr 4 hematologic or gr 3 other toxicity, or toxicity requiring >4 wk treatment delay. Cycle 1 + 2 PK samples obtained for K + H. Results: 13 pts treated from 9/04 - 8/05. Median age 51 yrs (36–65). All pts had MBC. Prior H therapy n = 9, prior taxane n = 11. Enrollment: 70 mg/m2 (4), 85 mg/m2 (3), and 100 mg/m2 (6). Mean number cycles 3.9 (1–6). The 100 mg/m2 cohort was expanded to 6 pts per study design; no DLTs were noted. Toxicity: Principal neurotoxicities (gr 3 noted, if present): parasthesias (10 pts, 1 gr3), neuropathic pain (5 pts, 2 gr3), dizziness (4 pts), dysguesia (4 pts), ataxia (3 pts), transient confusion (3 pts), dysesthesias (2 pts), insomnia (2 pts). No gr 4 neurotoxicities reported. Non-neurologic toxicities were limited to gr 1/2 and included diarrhea, pyrexia, abdominal and back pain, arthralgias. PK (n = 13): KOS-862 CL 21 ± 10 L/hr, Vz 260 ± 110 L, T1/2 9.8 ± 3.9 hr. Seco-metabolite was 67% ± 35% of K. At 100 mg/m2 K dose (n = 6): Cmax 3.3 ± 1.1 μg/mL and AUCinf 11.0 ± 7.5 h*(g/mL). Neither K nor its seco-metabolite PK were affected by H. Responses: An 85 mg/m2 K pt (no prior H or taxane) had confirmed PR and a 100 mg/m2 K pt (prior taxane) had an unconfirmed PR. A 2nd 100 mg/m2 pt (no prior H or taxane, bone only disease) had > 90% CEA reduction. Conclusions: This phase I study demonstrates feasibility of full dose wkly KOS-862 coadministration with wkly H. Treatment-related toxicities were all gr 1 / 2, except for 3 cases gr 3 paresthesias and neuropathic pain. PK of K and its principal metabolite were not affected by H. Three clinical responses were observed; a phase II trial of this combination is ongoing in minimally-pretreated MBC. [Table: see text]
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2

Hazrat, Roozbeh, and Lia Vaš. "K-theory classification of graded ultramatricial algebras with involution." Forum Mathematicum 31, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 419–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2017-0268.

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AbstractWe consider a generalization {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(R)} of the standard Grothendieck group {K_{0}(R)} of a graded ring R with involution. If Γ is an abelian group, we show that {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}} completely classifies graded ultramatricial {*}-algebras over a Γ-graded {*}-field A such that (1) each nontrivial graded component of A has a unitary element in which case we say that A has enough unitaries, and (2) the zero-component {A_{0}} is 2-proper ({aa^{*}+bb^{*}=0} implies {a=b=0} for any {a,b\in A_{0}}) and {*}-pythagorean (for any {a,b\in A_{0}} one has {aa^{*}+bb^{*}=cc^{*}} for some {c\in A_{0}}). If the involutive structure is not considered, our result implies that {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}} completely classifies graded ultramatricial algebras over any graded field A. If the grading is trivial and the involutive structure is not considered, we obtain some well-known results as corollaries. If R and S are graded matricial {*}-algebras over a Γ-graded {*}-field A with enough unitaries and {f:K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(R)\to K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(S)} is a contractive {\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma]}-module homomorphism, we present a specific formula for a graded {*}-homomorphism {\phi:R\to S} with {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(\phi)=f}. If the grading is trivial and the involutive structure is not considered, our constructive proof implies the known results with existential proofs. If {A_{0}} is 2-proper and {*}-pythagorean, we also show that two graded {*}-homomorphisms {\phi,\psi:R\to S} are such that {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(\phi)=K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(\psi)} if and only if there is a unitary element u of degree zero in S such that {\phi(r)=u\psi(r)u^{*}} for any {r\in R}. As an application of our results, we show that the graded version of the Isomorphism Conjecture holds for a class of Leavitt path algebras: if E and F are countable, row-finite, no-exit graphs in which every infinite path ends in a sink or a cycle and K is a 2-proper and {*}-pythagorean field, then the Leavitt path algebras {L_{K}(E)} and {L_{K}(F)} are isomorphic as graded rings if any only if they are isomorphic as graded {*}-algebras. We also present examples which illustrate that {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}} produces a finer invariant than {K_{0}}.
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3

Li, Ya Feng, Miao Li, and Yue Xu. "Study on Treatment of Acid Scarlet GR Wastewater by Coupling System of K2FeO4 –PAFC." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1916.

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Using Ferrate (K2FeO4) and polymer flocculant PAFC (PAFC) Collaborative approach, deal with the Acid Scarlet GR Wastewater. Study the effect of Ferrate dosage, PAFC dosage, Ferrate dosing time, Wastewater initial pH Value. Results show that Ferrate pre-oxidation can significantly improve the Coagulation for the removal of Acid Scarlet GR. when the initial concentration of Acid Scarlet GR is 25mg/L, Ferrate dosage is 90mg,PAFC dosage is 13mL,the removal of Acid Scarlet GR is 95.67%.pH on Ferrate removal of Acid Scarlet GR wastewater has little effect. When pH value is 4-8, the removal rate can reach more than 92%.When pH value is 5.6,the removal rate is the highest.
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4

Kiah, Han Mao, Ka Hin Leung, and San Ling. "A note on cyclic codes over GR(p 2, m) of length p k." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 63, no. 1 (July 9, 2011): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-011-9538-5.

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5

Trziszka, Tadeusz, Zbigniew Dobrzański, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Anna Bubel, Halina Beń, Mariusz Korczyński, Damian Konkol, and Wojciech Tronina. "Assessment of Macro-, Micro-, Trace, and Ultratrace Element Concentration in Green-Legged Partridge Hens’ Eggs from a Free-Range System." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060473.

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The goal of this research was to determine the concentration of macro-, micro-, trace, and ultratrace elements in egg albumen and yolk of Green-Legged Partridge (GLP) hens (Polish native breed) maintained in a free-range system. The hens received two feed mixtures (FM), which differed in mineral content (Gr-1 and Gr-2). Analyses of 57 chemical elements were performed using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy by ICP-OES and ICP-MS techniques. FM from Gr-2 were characterized by a significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.01) higher concentration of macro- and microelements (Al, Ba, Ca, K, P, S, Si) than that from Gr-1. Among the trace and ultratrace elements there were significantly higher levels of Co, Cr, Li, Nb, Ni, Pb, Ru, Sn, and Zr, and significantly lower levels of Cs, Pd, and Te in Gr-2 compared with Gr-1. Egg albumen from hens from the Gr-2 group contained a significantly higher Ba concentration. In the case of trace and ultratrace elements, significantly greater Au, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ru, and Se, and less As were recorded in the albumen from Gr-2. No significant differences were observed in the concentrations of macro- and microelements in the egg yolk. Among the examined trace and ultratrace elements, substantial differences were observed in the level of Co, Cr, Ni, Se, Sn, and Y (more in Gr-2), and Au, Hf, Hg, Nb, Nd, and Rb (less in Gr-2). Only in the case of Co and Cr concentrations in the feed (Gr-2) was a significant increase found in the albumen and yolk. Gr-2 also showed a significantly greater concentration of Ba, Nb, and Ru in the albumen, and Ni and Sn in the yolk.
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Prvulovic, Branislav. "Gröbner bases for complex Grassmann manifolds." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 90, no. 104 (2011): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1104023p.

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By Borel?s description, integral cohomology of the complex Grassmann manifold Gk,n is a polynomial algebra modulo a well-known ideal. A strong Gr?bner basis for this ideal is obtained when k = 2 and k = 3.
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7

Poerba, Ambursius, Irawaty Rosalyne, and Suryadi. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOSIS DOLOMIT DAN DOSIS PUPUK KALIUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L) HIBRIDA BISI-2." Jurnal Rhizobia 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36985/rhizobia.v9i2.332.

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Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial, dengan 2 faktor perlakuan dimana faktor pertama pemberian dolomit terdiri dari 3 taraf dosis yaitu D1: 3000 kg/ha (840 gr/plot) ,D2: 5000 kg/ha (1400gr/plot), D3: 7000 kg/ha (1960gr/plot), sedangkan faktor kedua pemberian pupuk kalium (KCl) terdiri dari 3 taraf dosis yaitu K: 85 kg/ ha (24 gr/ plot) ,K2: 100 kg/ ha (28 gr/ plot) ,K3: 125 kg/ ha (35gr/ plot). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini diantarnya: tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (mm), panjang tongkol(cm),luas daun (cm2), berat tongkol dengan kelobot (gr), berat tongkol kering (kg), Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlakuan pemberian dosis pupuk dolomit menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 4,6,8 MST, diameter batang umur 8 MST, berat tongkol dengan kelobot, berat kering tongkol. Perlakuan terbaik pada pemberian kapur dolomit 7000 kg/ha (1960 gr/plot) (D3). Perlakuan pemberian dosis pupuk kalium menunjukan adanya pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 4,6,8 MST, diameter batang umur 8 MST, panjang tongkol, berat tongkol dengan kelobot, berat kering tongkol. Perlakuan terbaik pada pemberian kalium 125 kg/ha (35 gr/plot) (K3). Interaksi antar perlakuan dosis kapur dolomit dan dosis kalium terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung hibrida bisi-2 menunjukan pengaruh tidak nyata terhadap seluruh parameter yang diamati.
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8

Pondugula, Satyanarayana R., Nithya N. Raveendran, Zuhal Ergonul, Youping Deng, Jun Chen, Joel D. Sanneman, Lawrence G. Palmer, and Daniel C. Marcus. "Glucocorticoid regulation of genes in the amiloride-sensitive sodium transport pathway by semicircular canal duct epithelium of neonatal rat." Physiological Genomics 24, no. 2 (February 2006): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00006.2005.

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The lumen of the inner ear has an unusually low concentration of endolymphatic Na+, which is important for transduction processes. We have recently shown that glucocorticoid receptors (GR) stimulate absorption of Na+ by semicircular canal duct (SCCD) epithelia. In the present study, we sought to determine the presence of genes involved in the control of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport pathway in rat SCCD epithelia and whether their level of expression was regulated by glucocorticoids using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Transcripts were present for α-, β-, and γ-subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC); the α1-, α3-, β1-, and β3-isoforms of Na+-K+-ATPase; inwardly rectifying potassium channels [IC50 of short circuit current ( Isc) for Ba2+: 210 μM] Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, Kir2.4, Kir3.1, Kir3.3, Kir4.1, Kir4.2, Kir5.1, and Kir7.1; sulfonyl urea receptor 1 (SUR1); GR; mineralocorticoid receptor (MR); 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) types 1 and 2; serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1); and neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-2 (Nedd4-2). On the other hand, transcripts for the α4-subunit of Na+-K+-ATPase, Kir1.1, Kir3.2, Kir3.4, Kir6.1, Kir6.2, and SUR2 were found to be absent, and Isc was not inhibited by glibenclamide. Dexamethasone (100 nM for 24 h) not only upregulated the transcript expression of α-ENaC (∼4-fold), β2-subunit (∼2-fold) and β3-subunit (∼8-fold) of Na+-K+-ATPase, Kir2.1 (∼5-fold), Kir2.2 (∼9-fold), Kir2.4 (∼3-fold), Kir3.1 (∼ 3- fold), Kir3.3 (∼2-fold), Kir4.2 (∼3-fold ), Kir7.1 (∼2-fold), Sgk1 (∼4-fold), and Nedd4-2 (∼2-fold) but also downregulated GR (∼3-fold) and 11β-HSD1 (∼2-fold). Expression of GR and 11β-HSD1 was higher than MR and 11β-HSD2 in the absence of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone altered transcript expression levels (α-ENaC and Sgk1) by activation of GR but not MR. Proteins were present for the α-, β-, and γ-subunits of ENaC and Sgk1, and expression of α- and γ-ENaC was upregulated by dexamethasone. These findings are consistent with the genomic stimulation by glucocorticoids of Na+ absorption by SCCD and provide an understanding of the therapeutic action of glucocorticoids in the treatment of Meniere's disease.
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9

Ramani, VP, Dileep Kumar, AK Shukla, and RA Patel. "Response of rice genotypes under different zinc fertilization strategy." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2019.56.3.8.

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Soil zinc (Zn) deficiency limits crop growth and yield besides its low concentration in grain and straw. Growing of Zn efficient cultivars with high crop yield at low Zn supply would represent a sustainable approach to crop production. Therefore, to evaluate Zn efficiency of rice genotypes, twenty eight different rice genotypes were evaluated under various treatments like three levels of Zn viz. low (without Zn), medium (10 kg Zn ha-1 soil) and high (20 kg Zn ha-1 soil + three foliar sprays of 0.5% Zn). Zinc efficiency index of all genotypes ranged from 65.5 to 102.6 % and Zn uptake efficiency ranged from 53.8 to 107 % with a mean value of 87.1 and 76.5 %. Cultivar GR-101 was having the highest Zn efficiency index as well as Zn efficiency compared to other genotype. Based on grain yield and Zn efficiency, the genotypes Ashoka-20, Narmad, GR-12, GR-3, GR-1 and GR-2 were classified as efficient and responsive, genotypes GR- 11, SLR -51214. GAUR-10 and GR-13 as efficient and non responsive, whereas, genotypes GR-101, GR-104, GR-102 and Lalkad as inefficient and responsive. The Gurjari, AAUDR-1, K-Kamod, GR-9, GR-5, P-2003 SK-20 and GR-7 genotype were classified as inefficient and non responsive. The efficient and responsive genotypes are most desirable as they would produce higher yield under low Zn concentration in soil and responded well under external application of Zn sources.
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10

Marhadi, Marhadi, Henri Wibowo, and Vivie Amelia Kurniawan. "Analisis Penurunan Eceng Gondok (Eichornia Crassipes) dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Air Ditinjau Dari Parameter Timbal (Pb) dan Besi (Fe)." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 3, no. 2 (October 27, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v3i2.37.

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Danau Sipin memiliki potensi perairan umum yang cukup besar dengan luas 40 Ha mengalami degradasi fungsi lingkungan ditandai dengan fluktuasi debit air antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan pendangkalan alur sungai dan semakin berkurangnya kapasitas penampungan air danau, Tujuan Penelitianmengetahui berapa perbandingan penurunan parameter Pb dan Fe oleh eceng gondok dari setiap bak, perubahan Ph dan Suhu dari setiap bak dan perubahan fisik eceng gondok sebelum dan sesudah penellitian. Metode penelitian mengetahui penurunan kadar timbal (Pb) dan besi (Fe) terhadap eceng gondok. Pada penelitian ini dibagi 4 perlakuan dengan berat eceng gondok yang berbeda namun kapasitas air sama yaitu sebesar 12 liter di setiap bak, dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut, pemberian eceng gondok atau disebut dengan bak kontrol (K) perlakuan pertama pemberikan eceng gondok sebesar 200, perlakuan kedua pemberian eceng gondok sebesar 400 gr dan perlakuan ketiga pemberian eceng gondok sebesar 600 gr,.masing-masing dari perlakuan tersebut mengalami pengontrolan yang sama, yaitu mengecek perubahan kadar pH dan suhu serta waktu detensi awal eceng gondok kontak dengan air sampel selama 9 hari. Setelah 9 hari dilakukan pengambilan sampel ke 2, pada hari ke 11 dilakukan pengambilan sampel ke 3, dan pada hari ke 13 dilakukan pengambilan sampel terakhir. Hasil penelitian untuk parameter besi (Fe) pengujian pada bak 200 gr sebesar rata-rata - 0.01 mg/L - 0.023 mg/L, bak 400 gr rata-rata sebesar 0.01 mg/L, bak 600 gr sebesar rata-rata 0.01 mg/L - 0.032 mg/L untuk pengujianparameter timbal (Pb) pada bak 200 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, bak 400 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, bak 600 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, untuk pengukuran pH dan suhu mencapai 29? dengan pH bak 200 gr 5, pH bak 400 gr 6, pH bak 600 gr 6,5 dan pH bak K 6. Perubahan fisik eceng gondok sebelum dan sesudah eksperimen sangat terlihat jelas pada daun dan batangnya, sebelum penelitian eceng gondok pada setiap bak berwarna hijau dan batang yang segar dan setelah penelitian ada beberapa eceng gondok yang berubah warna kekuningan dan layu dan perubahan pada airnya. Eceng gondok 600gr dengan kapasitas air 12 liter, selain daun eceng gondoknya yang menguning dan batangnya yang layu, dan air berubah semakin keruh dikarenakan kapasitas air 12 liter tidak cukup menampung eceng gondok dengan berat 600 gr.
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Books on the topic "K - Gr. 2"

1

Osborne, Mary Pope. Golly Gump swallowed a fly. New York: Parents Magazine Press, 1992.

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Lyons, Shelly, ed. Manners In The Lunchroom. Mankato, USA: Picture Window Books, 2009.

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Word Sorting, Gr. K-2. Creative Teaching Press, 2004.

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Picture Sorting, Gr. K-2. Creative Teaching Press, 2004.

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Rebus Writing-Winter, Gr. K-2. Creative Teaching Press, 2004.

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Rebus Writing-Fall, Gr. K-2. Creative Teaching Press, 2004.

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Fitzpatrick, Jo. Rebus Writing-Spring, Gr. K-2. Creative Teaching Press, 2004.

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Jingle Jangles: Fluency Practice, Gr. K-2. Creative Teaching Press, 2004.

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Month-by-Month Crafts Gr. K-2. Creative Teaching Press, 2005.

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Hands-On Chemistry Experiments, Gr. K-2. Greensboro: School Specialty Publishing, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "K - Gr. 2"

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Conference papers on the topic "K - Gr. 2"

1

Bilik, Vladimir. "Automatic Measurement of Magnetron Rieke Diagrams." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9782.

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A Rieke diagram [1] is a magnetron characteristic that visualizes the dependence of the generated frequency fg and the net delivered power PL on the load reflection coefficient GR. GR is defined in a specific magnetron-to-waveguide coupling structure called the standard or reference launcher (Fig. 1). The diagram is plotted as a family of isolines of constant fg and of constant PL in the polar diagram of GR. Rieke diagrams are essential in the design of applications without isolators, such as domestic or professional microwave ovens. Constructing Rieke diagrams is tedious, time-consuming and equipment-demanding [2], [3], preventing systematic studies of their dependence on operating conditions, such as anode voltage and its ripple, filament current, mounting repeatability, etc. We have devised a procedure, centering around a high-power automatic impedance matching device (autotuner), which enables fully automatic measurement and plotting of the stated dependences. A block diagram of the setup is shown in Fig. 1. The autotuner, when terminated in a match (waterload), can accomplish a task inverse to impedance matching: realizing any desired reflection coefficient GR. The measurement consists of stepping through a grid of n suitably chosen reflection coefficients GR = xR + jyR, covering a desired area of the polar diagram. Each GR is measured accurately by the autotuner, along with the corresponding fg and PL. Thus, raw data for constructing a Rieke diagram are obtained, the data consisting of a collection of n points {GR, fg, PL}i, i = 1…n, with GR, in general, irregularly scattered in the complex plane. A dedicated MATLAB routine then reads the data, sorts them out to create tabulated functions fg = f(xR, yR), PL = f(xR, yR), approximates these by a 2D spline, and uses the splines to plot smoothed isocontours for chosen constant values of fg and PL, completing thus the desired Rieke diagram construction. We will present details of this procedure as well as real-life examples. Fig. 1. Rieke diagram measurement setup. References Meredith, R. J., Engineers' Handbook of Industrial Microwave Heating, London: The IEE, 1998, 250–270. Takahashi, H., I. Namba, K. Akiyama, J. Microwave Power, 1979, 14, 261–267.Yixue, W., Z. Zhaotang, Proc. ICMMT'98, 1998, 795–798.
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2

Li, Zhigang, Zhi Fang, Jun Li, and Zhenping Feng. "Numerical Comparison of Static and Rotordynamic Characteristics for a Grooved-Stator/Smooth-Rotor and a Smooth-Stator/Grooved-Rotor Liquid Annular Seals." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90781.

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Abstract Liquid annular seals with parallelly-grooved stator or rotor are used as replacements for smooth plain seals in centrifugal pumps to reduce leakage and break up contaminants within the working fluid. Parallelly-grooved liquid annular seals have advantages of less leakage and smaller possibility of abrasion when the seal rotor-stator rubs in comparison to smooth plain seals. This paper deals with the static and rotordynamic characteristics of parallelly-grooved liquid annular seals, which are limited in the literature. Numerical results of leakage flow rates, drag powers and rotordynamic force coefficients were presented and compared for a grooved-stator/smooth-rotor (GS-SR) liquid annular seal and a smooth-stator/grooved-rotor (SS-GR) liquid annular seal, utilizing a modified transient CFD-based perturbation approach based on the multiple-frequency elliptical-orbit rotor whirling model. Both liquid annular seals have identical seal axial length, rotor diameter, sealing clearance, groove number and geometry. The present transient CFD-based perturbation method was adequately validated based on the published experiment data of leakage flow rates and frequency-independent rotordynamic force coefficients for the GS-SR and SS-GR liquid annular seals at various pressure drops with differential inlet preswirl ratios. Simulations were performed at three pressure drops (4.14 bar, 6.21 bar, 8.27 bar), three rotational speeds (2 krpm, 4 krpm, 6 krpm) and three inlet preswirl ratios (0, 0.5, 1.0), applying a wide rotor whirling frequency range up to 200 Hz, to analyze and compare the influences of operation conditions on the static and rotordynamic characteristics for both the GS-SR and SS-GR liquid annular seals. Results show that the present two liquid annular seals possess similar sealing capability, and the SS-GR seal produces a slightly larger (∼ 2–10%) drag power loss than the GS-SR seal. For small rotor whirling motion around a centered position, both seals have the identical direct force coefficients and the equal-magnitude opposite-sign cross-coupling force coefficients in the orthogonal directions x and y. For all operation conditions, both the GS-SR and SS-GR liquid annular seals possess negative direct stiffness K and positive direct damping C. The GS-SR seal produces purely positive Ceff throughout the whirling frequency range for all operation conditions, while Ceff for the SS-GR seal shows a significant decrease and transitions to negative value at the crossover frequency fco with increasing rotational speed and inlet preswirl. From a rotordynamic viewpoint, the GS-SR liquid annular seal is a better seal concept for pumps.
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