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Cortes, J., M. A. Climent, P. Gomez, A. Ruiz, E. Calvo, X. Zhang, E. S. Perez, M. Demario, and J. Baselga. "A phase I trial of weekly combination KOS-862 (Epothilone D) and trastuzumab in HER-2 overexpressing malignancies." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 2028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2028.
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2028 Background: KOS-862 (Epothilone D) (K) has shown single agent activity against metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and NSCLC. Trastuzumab (H) is standard therapy for HER-2 overexpressing MBC. This phase IB trial determined the safety and PK profile of KOS-862 in a weekly schedule with H. Methods: Eligibility: pts with HER-2 overexpressing (IHC 3+ or FISH +) chemo-refractory tumors, ECOG ≤ 2, neuropathy ≤ gr 1, no CNS metastases, and no H ≤ 6 mo. prestudy. H given as a 4 mg/kg loading dose, then 2 mg/kg wkly. K given as a 90 min iv infusion wkly × 3 Q 4 wks after H. K dose escalation cohorts: 70, 85 & 100 mg/m2. H1 + H2 antagonists + corticosteroid prophylaxis given 30–60 min prior to K. DLT: gr 4 hematologic or gr 3 other toxicity, or toxicity requiring >4 wk treatment delay. Cycle 1 + 2 PK samples obtained for K + H. Results: 13 pts treated from 9/04 - 8/05. Median age 51 yrs (36–65). All pts had MBC. Prior H therapy n = 9, prior taxane n = 11. Enrollment: 70 mg/m2 (4), 85 mg/m2 (3), and 100 mg/m2 (6). Mean number cycles 3.9 (1–6). The 100 mg/m2 cohort was expanded to 6 pts per study design; no DLTs were noted. Toxicity: Principal neurotoxicities (gr 3 noted, if present): parasthesias (10 pts, 1 gr3), neuropathic pain (5 pts, 2 gr3), dizziness (4 pts), dysguesia (4 pts), ataxia (3 pts), transient confusion (3 pts), dysesthesias (2 pts), insomnia (2 pts). No gr 4 neurotoxicities reported. Non-neurologic toxicities were limited to gr 1/2 and included diarrhea, pyrexia, abdominal and back pain, arthralgias. PK (n = 13): KOS-862 CL 21 ± 10 L/hr, Vz 260 ± 110 L, T1/2 9.8 ± 3.9 hr. Seco-metabolite was 67% ± 35% of K. At 100 mg/m2 K dose (n = 6): Cmax 3.3 ± 1.1 μg/mL and AUCinf 11.0 ± 7.5 h*(g/mL). Neither K nor its seco-metabolite PK were affected by H. Responses: An 85 mg/m2 K pt (no prior H or taxane) had confirmed PR and a 100 mg/m2 K pt (prior taxane) had an unconfirmed PR. A 2nd 100 mg/m2 pt (no prior H or taxane, bone only disease) had > 90% CEA reduction. Conclusions: This phase I study demonstrates feasibility of full dose wkly KOS-862 coadministration with wkly H. Treatment-related toxicities were all gr 1 / 2, except for 3 cases gr 3 paresthesias and neuropathic pain. PK of K and its principal metabolite were not affected by H. Three clinical responses were observed; a phase II trial of this combination is ongoing in minimally-pretreated MBC. [Table: see text]
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Hazrat, Roozbeh, and Lia Vaš. "K-theory classification of graded ultramatricial algebras with involution." Forum Mathematicum 31, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 419–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2017-0268.
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AbstractWe consider a generalization {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(R)} of the standard Grothendieck group {K_{0}(R)} of a graded ring R with involution. If Γ is an abelian group, we show that {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}} completely classifies graded ultramatricial {*}-algebras over a Γ-graded {*}-field A such that (1) each nontrivial graded component of A has a unitary element in which case we say that A has enough unitaries, and (2) the zero-component {A_{0}} is 2-proper ({aa^{*}+bb^{*}=0} implies {a=b=0} for any {a,b\in A_{0}}) and {*}-pythagorean (for any {a,b\in A_{0}} one has {aa^{*}+bb^{*}=cc^{*}} for some {c\in A_{0}}). If the involutive structure is not considered, our result implies that {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}} completely classifies graded ultramatricial algebras over any graded field A. If the grading is trivial and the involutive structure is not considered, we obtain some well-known results as corollaries. If R and S are graded matricial {*}-algebras over a Γ-graded {*}-field A with enough unitaries and {f:K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(R)\to K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(S)} is a contractive {\mathbb{Z}[\Gamma]}-module homomorphism, we present a specific formula for a graded {*}-homomorphism {\phi:R\to S} with {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(\phi)=f}. If the grading is trivial and the involutive structure is not considered, our constructive proof implies the known results with existential proofs. If {A_{0}} is 2-proper and {*}-pythagorean, we also show that two graded {*}-homomorphisms {\phi,\psi:R\to S} are such that {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(\phi)=K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}(\psi)} if and only if there is a unitary element u of degree zero in S such that {\phi(r)=u\psi(r)u^{*}} for any {r\in R}. As an application of our results, we show that the graded version of the Isomorphism Conjecture holds for a class of Leavitt path algebras: if E and F are countable, row-finite, no-exit graphs in which every infinite path ends in a sink or a cycle and K is a 2-proper and {*}-pythagorean field, then the Leavitt path algebras {L_{K}(E)} and {L_{K}(F)} are isomorphic as graded rings if any only if they are isomorphic as graded {*}-algebras. We also present examples which illustrate that {K_{0}^{\operatorname{gr}}} produces a finer invariant than {K_{0}}.
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Li, Ya Feng, Miao Li, and Yue Xu. "Study on Treatment of Acid Scarlet GR Wastewater by Coupling System of K2FeO4 –PAFC." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1916.
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Using Ferrate (K2FeO4) and polymer flocculant PAFC (PAFC) Collaborative approach, deal with the Acid Scarlet GR Wastewater. Study the effect of Ferrate dosage, PAFC dosage, Ferrate dosing time, Wastewater initial pH Value. Results show that Ferrate pre-oxidation can significantly improve the Coagulation for the removal of Acid Scarlet GR. when the initial concentration of Acid Scarlet GR is 25mg/L, Ferrate dosage is 90mg,PAFC dosage is 13mL,the removal of Acid Scarlet GR is 95.67%.pH on Ferrate removal of Acid Scarlet GR wastewater has little effect. When pH value is 4-8, the removal rate can reach more than 92%.When pH value is 5.6,the removal rate is the highest.
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Kiah, Han Mao, Ka Hin Leung, and San Ling. "A note on cyclic codes over GR(p 2, m) of length p k." Designs, Codes and Cryptography 63, no. 1 (July 9, 2011): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10623-011-9538-5.
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Trziszka, Tadeusz, Zbigniew Dobrzański, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Anna Bubel, Halina Beń, Mariusz Korczyński, Damian Konkol, and Wojciech Tronina. "Assessment of Macro-, Micro-, Trace, and Ultratrace Element Concentration in Green-Legged Partridge Hens’ Eggs from a Free-Range System." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060473.
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The goal of this research was to determine the concentration of macro-, micro-, trace, and ultratrace elements in egg albumen and yolk of Green-Legged Partridge (GLP) hens (Polish native breed) maintained in a free-range system. The hens received two feed mixtures (FM), which differed in mineral content (Gr-1 and Gr-2). Analyses of 57 chemical elements were performed using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy by ICP-OES and ICP-MS techniques. FM from Gr-2 were characterized by a significantly (p < 0.05 or 0.01) higher concentration of macro- and microelements (Al, Ba, Ca, K, P, S, Si) than that from Gr-1. Among the trace and ultratrace elements there were significantly higher levels of Co, Cr, Li, Nb, Ni, Pb, Ru, Sn, and Zr, and significantly lower levels of Cs, Pd, and Te in Gr-2 compared with Gr-1. Egg albumen from hens from the Gr-2 group contained a significantly higher Ba concentration. In the case of trace and ultratrace elements, significantly greater Au, Co, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ru, and Se, and less As were recorded in the albumen from Gr-2. No significant differences were observed in the concentrations of macro- and microelements in the egg yolk. Among the examined trace and ultratrace elements, substantial differences were observed in the level of Co, Cr, Ni, Se, Sn, and Y (more in Gr-2), and Au, Hf, Hg, Nb, Nd, and Rb (less in Gr-2). Only in the case of Co and Cr concentrations in the feed (Gr-2) was a significant increase found in the albumen and yolk. Gr-2 also showed a significantly greater concentration of Ba, Nb, and Ru in the albumen, and Ni and Sn in the yolk.
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Prvulovic, Branislav. "Gröbner bases for complex Grassmann manifolds." Publications de l'Institut Math?matique (Belgrade) 90, no. 104 (2011): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pim1104023p.
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By Borel?s description, integral cohomology of the complex Grassmann manifold Gk,n is a polynomial algebra modulo a well-known ideal. A strong Gr?bner basis for this ideal is obtained when k = 2 and k = 3.
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Poerba, Ambursius, Irawaty Rosalyne, and Suryadi. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOSIS DOLOMIT DAN DOSIS PUPUK KALIUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L) HIBRIDA BISI-2." Jurnal Rhizobia 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36985/rhizobia.v9i2.332.
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Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial, dengan 2 faktor perlakuan dimana faktor pertama pemberian dolomit terdiri dari 3 taraf dosis yaitu D1: 3000 kg/ha (840 gr/plot) ,D2: 5000 kg/ha (1400gr/plot), D3: 7000 kg/ha (1960gr/plot), sedangkan faktor kedua pemberian pupuk kalium (KCl) terdiri dari 3 taraf dosis yaitu K: 85 kg/ ha (24 gr/ plot) ,K2: 100 kg/ ha (28 gr/ plot) ,K3: 125 kg/ ha (35gr/ plot). Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini diantarnya: tinggi tanaman (cm), diameter batang (mm), panjang tongkol(cm),luas daun (cm2), berat tongkol dengan kelobot (gr), berat tongkol kering (kg), Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perlakuan pemberian dosis pupuk dolomit menunjukkan adanya pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 4,6,8 MST, diameter batang umur 8 MST, berat tongkol dengan kelobot, berat kering tongkol. Perlakuan terbaik pada pemberian kapur dolomit 7000 kg/ha (1960 gr/plot) (D3). Perlakuan pemberian dosis pupuk kalium menunjukan adanya pengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman umur 4,6,8 MST, diameter batang umur 8 MST, panjang tongkol, berat tongkol dengan kelobot, berat kering tongkol. Perlakuan terbaik pada pemberian kalium 125 kg/ha (35 gr/plot) (K3). Interaksi antar perlakuan dosis kapur dolomit dan dosis kalium terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung hibrida bisi-2 menunjukan pengaruh tidak nyata terhadap seluruh parameter yang diamati.
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Pondugula, Satyanarayana R., Nithya N. Raveendran, Zuhal Ergonul, Youping Deng, Jun Chen, Joel D. Sanneman, Lawrence G. Palmer, and Daniel C. Marcus. "Glucocorticoid regulation of genes in the amiloride-sensitive sodium transport pathway by semicircular canal duct epithelium of neonatal rat." Physiological Genomics 24, no. 2 (February 2006): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00006.2005.
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The lumen of the inner ear has an unusually low concentration of endolymphatic Na+, which is important for transduction processes. We have recently shown that glucocorticoid receptors (GR) stimulate absorption of Na+ by semicircular canal duct (SCCD) epithelia. In the present study, we sought to determine the presence of genes involved in the control of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport pathway in rat SCCD epithelia and whether their level of expression was regulated by glucocorticoids using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Transcripts were present for α-, β-, and γ-subunits of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC); the α1-, α3-, β1-, and β3-isoforms of Na+-K+-ATPase; inwardly rectifying potassium channels [IC50 of short circuit current ( Isc) for Ba2+: 210 μM] Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, Kir2.4, Kir3.1, Kir3.3, Kir4.1, Kir4.2, Kir5.1, and Kir7.1; sulfonyl urea receptor 1 (SUR1); GR; mineralocorticoid receptor (MR); 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) types 1 and 2; serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1); and neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated 4-2 (Nedd4-2). On the other hand, transcripts for the α4-subunit of Na+-K+-ATPase, Kir1.1, Kir3.2, Kir3.4, Kir6.1, Kir6.2, and SUR2 were found to be absent, and Isc was not inhibited by glibenclamide. Dexamethasone (100 nM for 24 h) not only upregulated the transcript expression of α-ENaC (∼4-fold), β2-subunit (∼2-fold) and β3-subunit (∼8-fold) of Na+-K+-ATPase, Kir2.1 (∼5-fold), Kir2.2 (∼9-fold), Kir2.4 (∼3-fold), Kir3.1 (∼ 3- fold), Kir3.3 (∼2-fold), Kir4.2 (∼3-fold ), Kir7.1 (∼2-fold), Sgk1 (∼4-fold), and Nedd4-2 (∼2-fold) but also downregulated GR (∼3-fold) and 11β-HSD1 (∼2-fold). Expression of GR and 11β-HSD1 was higher than MR and 11β-HSD2 in the absence of dexamethasone. Dexamethasone altered transcript expression levels (α-ENaC and Sgk1) by activation of GR but not MR. Proteins were present for the α-, β-, and γ-subunits of ENaC and Sgk1, and expression of α- and γ-ENaC was upregulated by dexamethasone. These findings are consistent with the genomic stimulation by glucocorticoids of Na+ absorption by SCCD and provide an understanding of the therapeutic action of glucocorticoids in the treatment of Meniere's disease.
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Ramani, VP, Dileep Kumar, AK Shukla, and RA Patel. "Response of rice genotypes under different zinc fertilization strategy." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2019.56.3.8.
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Soil zinc (Zn) deficiency limits crop growth and yield besides its low concentration in grain and straw. Growing of Zn efficient cultivars with high crop yield at low Zn supply would represent a sustainable approach to crop production. Therefore, to evaluate Zn efficiency of rice genotypes, twenty eight different rice genotypes were evaluated under various treatments like three levels of Zn viz. low (without Zn), medium (10 kg Zn ha-1 soil) and high (20 kg Zn ha-1 soil + three foliar sprays of 0.5% Zn). Zinc efficiency index of all genotypes ranged from 65.5 to 102.6 % and Zn uptake efficiency ranged from 53.8 to 107 % with a mean value of 87.1 and 76.5 %. Cultivar GR-101 was having the highest Zn efficiency index as well as Zn efficiency compared to other genotype. Based on grain yield and Zn efficiency, the genotypes Ashoka-20, Narmad, GR-12, GR-3, GR-1 and GR-2 were classified as efficient and responsive, genotypes GR- 11, SLR -51214. GAUR-10 and GR-13 as efficient and non responsive, whereas, genotypes GR-101, GR-104, GR-102 and Lalkad as inefficient and responsive. The Gurjari, AAUDR-1, K-Kamod, GR-9, GR-5, P-2003 SK-20 and GR-7 genotype were classified as inefficient and non responsive. The efficient and responsive genotypes are most desirable as they would produce higher yield under low Zn concentration in soil and responded well under external application of Zn sources.
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Marhadi, Marhadi, Henri Wibowo, and Vivie Amelia Kurniawan. "Analisis Penurunan Eceng Gondok (Eichornia Crassipes) dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Air Ditinjau Dari Parameter Timbal (Pb) dan Besi (Fe)." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 3, no. 2 (October 27, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v3i2.37.
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Danau Sipin memiliki potensi perairan umum yang cukup besar dengan luas 40 Ha mengalami degradasi fungsi lingkungan ditandai dengan fluktuasi debit air antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan pendangkalan alur sungai dan semakin berkurangnya kapasitas penampungan air danau, Tujuan Penelitianmengetahui berapa perbandingan penurunan parameter Pb dan Fe oleh eceng gondok dari setiap bak, perubahan Ph dan Suhu dari setiap bak dan perubahan fisik eceng gondok sebelum dan sesudah penellitian. Metode penelitian mengetahui penurunan kadar timbal (Pb) dan besi (Fe) terhadap eceng gondok. Pada penelitian ini dibagi 4 perlakuan dengan berat eceng gondok yang berbeda namun kapasitas air sama yaitu sebesar 12 liter di setiap bak, dengan perlakuan sebagai berikut, pemberian eceng gondok atau disebut dengan bak kontrol (K) perlakuan pertama pemberikan eceng gondok sebesar 200, perlakuan kedua pemberian eceng gondok sebesar 400 gr dan perlakuan ketiga pemberian eceng gondok sebesar 600 gr,.masing-masing dari perlakuan tersebut mengalami pengontrolan yang sama, yaitu mengecek perubahan kadar pH dan suhu serta waktu detensi awal eceng gondok kontak dengan air sampel selama 9 hari. Setelah 9 hari dilakukan pengambilan sampel ke 2, pada hari ke 11 dilakukan pengambilan sampel ke 3, dan pada hari ke 13 dilakukan pengambilan sampel terakhir. Hasil penelitian untuk parameter besi (Fe) pengujian pada bak 200 gr sebesar rata-rata - 0.01 mg/L - 0.023 mg/L, bak 400 gr rata-rata sebesar 0.01 mg/L, bak 600 gr sebesar rata-rata 0.01 mg/L - 0.032 mg/L untuk pengujianparameter timbal (Pb) pada bak 200 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, bak 400 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, bak 600 gr sebesar 0.02 mg/L, untuk pengukuran pH dan suhu mencapai 29? dengan pH bak 200 gr 5, pH bak 400 gr 6, pH bak 600 gr 6,5 dan pH bak K 6. Perubahan fisik eceng gondok sebelum dan sesudah eksperimen sangat terlihat jelas pada daun dan batangnya, sebelum penelitian eceng gondok pada setiap bak berwarna hijau dan batang yang segar dan setelah penelitian ada beberapa eceng gondok yang berubah warna kekuningan dan layu dan perubahan pada airnya. Eceng gondok 600gr dengan kapasitas air 12 liter, selain daun eceng gondoknya yang menguning dan batangnya yang layu, dan air berubah semakin keruh dikarenakan kapasitas air 12 liter tidak cukup menampung eceng gondok dengan berat 600 gr.
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Pariante, CM, BD Pearce, TL Pisell, C. Su, and AH Miller. "The steroid receptor antagonists RU40555 and RU486 activate glucocorticoid receptor translocation and are not excreted by the steroid hormones transporter in L929 cells." Journal of Endocrinology 169, no. 2 (May 1, 2001): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1690309.
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RU40555 is a recently available glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist that differs from RU486 by a methyl radical. We have used the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 to study the in vitro effects of RU40555 on GR translocation and function and on the membrane steroid hormones transporter. The results showed that: 1) RU40555 competed for the binding of labelled dexamethasone (Dex) with a K(i) of 2.4 nM; 2) both RU40555 and RU486 were equally potent inhibitors of Dex-induced GR-mediated gene transcription; 3) maximum GR translocation induced by micromolar concentrations of Dex and the GR antagonists was approximately 30-55% loss in the cytoplasmic GR and approximately 40-90% increase in the nuclear GR (assessed by GR immunostaining in cytoplasm and nucleus and western blots of immunoprecipitated GR protein in cytosolic and nuclear fractions) and was similar for the two antagonists; 4) at nanomolar concentrations, RU40555 and RU486 induced more GR translocation than Dex (assessed by [(3)H]Dex binding and western blot of immunoreactive GR in the same cytosolic homogenates); 5) blocking the steroids membrane transporter with verapamil (100 microM) in the presence of Dex (10 nM) increased GR translocation to levels similar to those induced by RU40555 (10 nM) and RU486 (10 nM) alone; 6) verapamil did not affect GR translocation in the presence of RU40555 or RU486. These data demonstrate similar quantitative effects on GR translocation by RU486 and the new GR antagonist, RU40555. Moreover, RU40555, like RU486, is an effective GR antagonist. Finally, there is no evidence that the intracellular concentrations of RU40555 or RU486 are regulated by the steroids membrane transporter in L929 cells.
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Mesa, Ruben A., Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, John V. Catalano, Timothy Devos, Miklos Egyed, Andrzei Hellman, Donal McLornan, et al. "Phase 3 trial of momelotinib (MMB) vs ruxolitinib (RUX) in JAK inhibitor (JAKi) naive patients with myelofibrosis (MF)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 7000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.7000.
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7000 Background: MMB, an oral JAKi, has been shown in early trials to reduce spleen volume, improve disease associated symptoms (Sx) and improve RBC transfusion (Tx) requirements in patients (pts) with MF. This study was designed to test non-inferiority of MMB vs RUX in splenic volume reduction and Sx amelioration, and superiority in Tx requirement, in JAKi naïve MF pts. Methods: Eligibility: MF, IPSS high risk, Int-2, or symptomatic Int-1; palpable spleen ≥5cm; platelets ≥ 50 K/μl, and no Gr ≥2 peripheral neuropathy (PN). Stratification by Tx dependency and platelets (<100, 100-200 and >200 K/μl). Pts were randomized 1:1 to 24 wks of MMB 200 mg qd + RUX placebo or RUX 20 mg bid (or modified per label) + MMB placebo, after which all pts could receive open label MMB. Assessments: spleen volume by MRI, and pt reported Sx using a daily eDiary of modified MPN-SAF Total Sx Score (TSS). Primary endpoint was splenic response rate (SRR; ≥35% reduction in volume from baseline) at 24 wks. Secondary endpoints, evaluated sequentially at 24 wks, were rates of TSS response (≥50% reduction from baseline), RBC Tx independence (TI), RBC Tx dependence (TD) and of RBC Tx . Results: 175 of 215 (81%) and 201 of 217 (93%) pts randomized to MMB and RUX, respectively, completed the 24 wk DB phase. Efficacy results are shown in Table. Most common Gr ≥3 AEs in the DB phase with MMB were thrombocytopenia (7%) and anemia (6%), and with RUX were anemia (23%), thrombocytopenia (5%) and neutropenia (5%). Gr ≥3 infections occurred in 7% of MMB and 3% of RUX pts. Treatment emergent PN occurred in 22 (10%) of MMB (all Gr ≤2) and 10 (5%) of RUX (9 Gr ≤2, 1 Gr 3) pts in DB phase, none discontinuing study drug for PN. Overall, AEs led to study drug D/C in 13% of MMB and 6% of RUX pts in DB phase. Conclusions: In pts with JAKi naive MF, 24 weeks of MMB is non-inferior to RUX for spleen response but not for symptom response. MMB treatment is associated with a reduced transfusion requirement. NCT01969838. [Table: see text]
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Nguyen Dinh Cat, Aurélie, Antoine Ouvrard-Pascaud, François Tronche, Maud Clemessy, Daniel Gonzalez-Nunez, Nicolette Farman, and Frederic Jaisser. "Conditional Transgenic Mice for Studying the Role of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in the Renal Collecting Duct." Endocrinology 150, no. 5 (December 23, 2008): 2202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1531.
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The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a major regulator of renal sodium reabsorption and body fluid homeostasis. However, little is known about glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent renal effects. Glucocorticoids may activate both receptors, so it is difficult to distinguish between MR- and GR-mediated effects in vivo. To overcome this complexity, we used a transgenic mouse model allowing conditional GR overexpression (doxycycline inducible TetON system, Hoxb7 promoter) in the renal collecting duct (CD) to identify GR-regulated genes involved in sodium transport in the CD. In microdissected cortical CD, induction of GR expression led (after 2 d of doxycycline) to increased α-epithelial sodium channel and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper and decreased abundance of with-no-lysine kinase 4 transcripts, without modification of Na,K-ATPase, serum- and glucocorticoid-kinase-1, or MR expression. No changes occurred in the upstream distal and connecting tubules [distal convoluted tubule (DCT), connecting tubule (CNT)]. Sodium excretion was unaltered, but the urinary aldosterone concentration was reduced, suggesting compensation of transitory extracellular volume expansion that subsequently disappeared. At steady state, i.e. after 15 d of doxycycline administration, transcript abundance remained altered in the CD, whereas mirror changes appeared in the DCT and CNT. Plasma aldosterone or glucocorticoids and blood pressure were all unaffected. These experiments show that: 1) GR, in addition to MR, controls epithelial sodium channel- and glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper expression in vivo in the CD; 2) with-no-lysine kinase 4 is negatively controlled by GR; and 3) the DCT and CNT compensate for these alterations to maintain normal sodium reabsorption and blood pressure. These results suggest that enhanced GR expression may contribute to enhanced sodium retention in some pathological situations.
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Dessy, Rafika. "PELABELAN TOTAL AJ AIB PADA GABUN GA N GR AF BINTANG DAN BEBERAPA GRAF SEGITIGA." Jurnal Matematika UNAND 2, no. 3 (September 10, 2013): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jmu.2.3.82-90.2013.
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Pelabelan total pada graf G = (V, E) adalah pemetaan bijektif λ dari V(G) ∪E(G) ke {1, 2, · · · , |V(G)| + |E(G)|}. Pelabelan total dikatakan pelabelan total sisi-ajaibapabila untuk ∀uv ∈ E(G) berlaku λ(u) + λ(uv) + λ(v) = k, untuk suatu bilanganbulat positif k. Sedangkan pelabelan total dikatakan pelabelan total titik-ajaib apabilauntuk ∀u ∈ V(G) berlaku λ(u) + Σλ(uv) = h, untuk suatu bilangan bulat positif h.Dalam skripsi ini kita mencari pelabelan total ajaib pada gabungan graf bintang danbeberapa graf segitiga.
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Wu, Shuang-Shuang, Xin Tao, and Wei Xu. "Thermal Conductivity of Poplar Wood Veneer Impregnated with Graphene/Polyvinyl Alcohol." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060777.
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Intending to achieve more green and economical graphene impregnated modified fast-growing poplar wood veneer for heat conduction, this study proposes and investigates the feasibility of modified veneer with graphene/Polyvinyl alcohol (Gr/PVA) impregnation mixture to improve its thermal conductivity. The absorbance and viscosity of the Gr/PVA impregnation mixtures are observed to expound the Gr/PVA ratio effects on the mixtures. Simultaneously, the weight percent gain, chromatic aberration, and thermal conductivity of the modified veneers are measured to determine the impregnation effect and the optimal impregnation formula. Further, the chemical structure, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the optimal sample impregnated with Gr/PVA are tested. The results show that the thermal properties of the Gr/PVA impregnated modified veneer have not all been improved. Still, both the dispersibility of the impregnation mixtures and the impregnation effect is affected by the Gr/PVA ratio. The data shows that the optimal thermal conductivity of modified veneer, which is up to 0.22 W·m−1·K−1 and 2.4 times the untreated one, is dipped by the mixture of 10 wt.% PVA concentration and 2 wt.% MGEIN addition. According to the characterization tests, the crystallinity of the modified veneer reduces, but the thermal stability improves.
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Ma, H. Y., E. Newman, T. Ryan, G. Miller, U. Sarpel, H. L. Pachter, D. J. Cohen, H. Choi, J. D. Goldberg, and H. S. Hochster. "Neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer with cetuximab added to both irinotecan and cisplatin, followed by surgical resection and adjuvant chemoradiation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e15552-e15552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e15552.
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e15552 Background: We previously demonstrated the efficacy of irinotecan (CPT) and cisplatin (Cis) combination therapy as neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer [Newman E et al. J Gastrointest Surg. 2002.]. This trial was designed to add cetuximab (C) to both induction treatment and adjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) with bolus 5-FU/LV. Methods: Pts with untreated locally advanced (T3, T4 or N+) gastric/GE cancers were eligible. Neoadjuvant therapy consisted of Cis 25mg/m2 + CPT 75mg/m2 on d1,8 q21d x 4, C 400mg/m2 on d1, then 250mg/m2 qwk. Curative (R0) resection was performed 4–6 wks later. Adjuvant CRT with 5-FU/LV (425/20/m2 qd x 5 on wks 1,14,19; 400/20/m2 qd x 4 on wk 5, x 3 on wk 9) was given with C 250mg/m2 qwk. Results: Since 11/05, 21 pts [median age 59 (32–82); 9 Caucasian, 11 Asian, 1 Hispanic; 15 male, 20 PS 0–1] received neoadjuvant therapy. The most common toxicities were gr 3 neutropenia (38%), gr 2 rash (33%), gr 2 fatigue (29%); gr 4 included 1 pt each of diarrhea, neutropenia, & hypomagnesemia. 3 did not complete neoadjuvant therapy, due to gr 3 rash, diarrhea and GI bleeding (2 had gastrectomy; 1 lost to f/u). All 18 pts who completed neoadjuvant therapy were surgically explored. 4 had occult metastases, and went off study. 14 underwent R0 gastrectomy (see table); 8 were downstaged, 2 had stable disease, 4 were upstaged compared to the preoperative EUS. There was no postoperative mortality. Of 14 resected pts, 2 did not receive adjuvant therapy (prolonged postoperative recovery), 1 too early to assess, and 11 remaining receiving CRT. The most common toxicities for CRT were gr 3 nausea, gr 3 emesis, gr 2 and 3 fatigue, 3 pts each and 1 each of gr 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Among the 18 pts who completed neoadjuvant therapy, 5 died of disease, 1 is alive with disease, 12 remain NED with median f/u of 11.6mos (4.1–27.7mos). Conclusions: The addition of C to CPT/Cis as neoadjuvant therapy and to postoperative adjuvant CRT is well tolerated. The regimen induces a favorable pathologic response on the primary tumor. Ongoing evaluation includes K-ras mutation status on outcome and survival benefit. [Supported in part by a grant from BMS.] [Table: see text]
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Finkelberg, Michael, and Ryo Fujita. "Coherent IC-sheaves on type 𝐴_{𝑛} affine Grassmannians and dual canonical basis of affine type 𝐴₁." Representation Theory of the American Mathematical Society 25, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/ert/558.
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The convolution ring K G L n ( O ) ⋊ C × ( G r G L n ) K^{GL_n(\mathcal {O})\rtimes \mathbb {C}^\times }(\mathrm {Gr}_{GL_n}) was identified with a quantum unipotent cell of the loop group L S L 2 LSL_2 in Cautis and Williams [J. Amer. Math. Soc. 32 (2019), pp. 709–778]. We identify the basis formed by the classes of irreducible equivariant perverse coherent sheaves with the dual canonical basis of the quantum unipotent cell.
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Sampelawang, Petrus. "Peningkatan Kinerja Berbagai Kompor Dengan Bahan Bakar Briket Limbah Tempurung Kelapa." Journal Dynamic Saint 3, no. 1 (March 18, 2018): 504–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47178/dynamicsaint.v3i1.273.
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Pemanfaatan briket biomassa yang efektif dan efisien sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis kompor yang digunakan dan cara penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat briket arang tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan bakar kompor, melakukan pengujian proksimasi, nilai kalor dan sifat fisik kemudian menguji kinerja berupa temperature, kemampuan mendidihkan air dan efisiensi pada 3 jenis kompor sebelum dan setelah modifikasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan memanfaatkan briket arang limbah tempurung kelapa sebagai bahan bakar pada 3 jenis kompor yang berbeda sebelum dan setelah modifikasi. Hasil uji komposisi kimia dengan analisis proksimasi rata-rata yaitu kadar air 1.67%, kadar abu 13.03%, volatile matters 28.69%, fixed carbon 56.69%. Nilai kalor didapatkan sebesar 4949 kkal/kg, kuat tekan sebesar 0.489 gr/cm2 dan kerapatannya sebesar 0.705 gr/cm3. Hasil uji pembakaran pada 3 jenis kompor yang berbeda sebelum dan sesudah modifikasi menunjukkan bahwa kompor K’1dan kompor K’3 merupakan 2 jenis (kode) kompor briket yang paling unggul dalam hal kemampuan untuk mendidihkan dan efisiensi pembakaran setelan modifikasi (kompor K’1 sebesar 71.30 % dan kompor K’3 sebesar 70.73%). Kedua kompor tersebut memiliki keunggulan masing-masing. Khususnya kompor K’3 dapat di produksi secara lokal (dari tanah liat) dan harganya terjangkau. Ketiga kompor mngalami peningkatan kinerja yang sangat signifikan setelah dilakukan modifikasi.
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Sana, Megha, Kalyan Jana, Ramyajit Mondal, Krishnendu Mondal, and Hirak Banerjee. "Integration of chemical fertilizer with biological products on growth and production of rice during wet season." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 57, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2020.57.3.5.
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The influence of different biological products (JumpStart, Bolt GR, Ratchat, Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria/PSB) in conjunction with recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF) were evaluated with one control (RDF only) on wet season rice cv. Satabdi (IET 4786) during wet season of 2017 and 2018 at Instructional Farm under Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal. The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatment combinations replicated thrice. The results showed that tallest plants (103.5 cm) with maximum dry matter accumulation (889.8 g/m2) were observed in RDF +Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha treated plots. The same treatment augmented panicle number/m2 (248.5), panicle weight (3.95g), filled grains/panicle (126.1), grain (4.22 t/ha) and straw yields (5.83 t/ha); being statistically at par with RDF + Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha. Yield increase was to tune of 8.18 to 23.39 %. Significant and positive associations of grain yield with traits like plant height, dry matter accumulation, effective tillers/m2, panicle weight and filled grains/panicle were noticed. Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha in conjunction with recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF) recorded significantly higher N and K uptake in grain and straw. While greater P uptake in both grain and straw was noticed with Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha and PSB @ 2 kg/ha. Combined application of JumpStart @ 0.83 ml/kg seed resulted in significantly greater fungal population in post-harvest soil. The actinomycetes and bacterial population were improved with soil applied Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha and Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha, respectively. Hence, we suggested a mixture of recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF) with either Bolt GR @ 10 kg/ha or soil applied Azospirillum @ 2 kg/ha to exploit not only growth and yield of rice but also improvement of soil microbial populations for rice productivity in Gangetic alluvial soil of West Bengal.
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PLANTZ, Josiane Branco, Thiago Gonçalves CARELLI, Bruno Rafael de Carvalho SANTOS, Paula MENDLOWICZ-MAULLER, Leonardo BORGHI, and Renato Rodriguez Cabral RAMOS. "Uso de espectrometria de raios-gama aplicado à caracterização de sucessões argilosas: estudo de caso em um intervalo devoniano da borda leste da Bacia do Paraná, Brasil." Pesquisas em Geociências 48, no. 1 (April 16, 2021): e099087. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.99087.
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Dados diretos de subsuperfície são ainda escassos na borda leste da Bacia do Paraná e perfis de poços são rotineiramente utilizados para interpretação litológica. Com base nisto, propõe-se um estudo integrado que objetiva a caracterização litológica e gamaespectométrica do testemunho do poço 2-TB-1-PR (Tibagi), amostrado continuamente da superfície (0,00 m) até 451,60 m de profundidade, além de reconhecer, em subsuperfície, as unidades siluro-devonianas que afloram na área de estudo. As características litológicas permitiram distinguir cinco intervalos (A-E), no Intervalo A (438,80-451,60 m) observa-se arenitos com estratificação cruzada atribuídos à Formação Furnas; o Intervalo B (432,60-438,80 m) é constituído por arenitos laminados intercalados com argilitos, que apresentam elevadas médias de Th, K e GR e é correlato as “camadas de transição” presentes entre as formações Furnas e Ponta Grossa. Nos intervalos C (208,10-432,60 m) e D (13,00-208,10 m) predominam argilitos laminados típicos da Formação Ponta Grossa, com idades entre o Neopraguiano e o Eo/MesoGivetiano(?). Intercalações entre argilitos e arenitos estão presentes, bem como arenitos, que, por vezes, exibem laminações cruzadas por onda. No intervalo D as camadas de arenito ocorrem com maior frequência e espessura e no C as rochas apresentam médias de Th, U, K e GR inferiores às do testemunho. O Intervalo E (13,00-0,00 m), constituído por rochas mosqueadas e com valores elevados de Th, U e K é correlato ao Grupo Itararé (Permo-carbonífero). A pequena dispersão dos valores de Th, U, K e GR não permitiu a elaboração de um modelo de predição litológica para sucessões argilosas, mas salienta a existência de padrões atribuídos ao paleoambiente deposicional.
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Stone, Richard M., Barry Moser, Philip Schulman, Robert C. Barrier, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Steven L. Allen, Wendy Stock, Ilene A. Galinsky, Hanna Khoury, and Richard A. Larson. "A Dose Escalation and Phase II Study of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) with High-Dose Cytarabine (HiDAC) for Patients (pts) with Refractory or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): CALGB 19902." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.873.873.
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Abstract GO is a calicheamycin toxin-conjugated humanized monoclonal antibody with specificity for the CD33 antigen expressed on blasts from 90% of AML pts and is approved for single agent use in CD33-positive older adults with relapsed AML not deemed chemotherapy candidates. We sought to define the safety and efficacy of combining GO (kindly supplied by Wyeth) with HiDAC for the treatment of adults with relapsed or primary refractory (after 2 cycles of induction therapy) AML. Eligibility included CD33 expression on >20% of blasts, no BMT within 6 mo or HiDAC within 3 mo, no prior hepatic disease or bilirubin >2 mg/dL. The initial cohort of 9 pts were treated with 2 doses of GO alone at 9 mg/m2 on d1 and 4.5 mg/m2 on d8; however, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), defined as prolonged nadir or gr 4 or irreversble gr 3 toxicity, was difficult to determine given poor blast clearance and advanced disease. The protocol was amended to base DLT on treatment-related deaths (TRD) and to add eligibility restrictions of PS=0-2, no serious infection, and no cytotoxic therapy within 2 mo. No TRD were observed in the subsequent 9 pt cohort (IA) treated with HiDAC (ara-C 3.0 g/m2 over 3h daily x 5d) followed by GO 9 mg/m2 on d7, but 3/7 pts (cohort II) treated with HiDAC plus GO 9 mg/m2 d1 and 4.5 mg/m2 on d 8 died, indicating that this regimen was intolerable. Thereafter, all pts (n=44) received therapy as in cohort IA. The phase II portion of the study included 37 pts with relapsed AML and 7 with primary refractory disease (1/7 achieved complete remission [CR]). The accrual goal was met and the study was closed. The median age of the 37 pts with relapsed AML was 64 years (interquartile range: 55–69); 16 (43%) were female, 2 (5%) were African-American and 1 (3%) was Asian. The baseline performance status was 0 in 23 (62%), 1 in 10 (27%) and 2 in 4 pts (11%). 7 (19%) achieved CR, 2 (5%) CRp (no peripheral blasts, ≤ 5% marrow blasts, neutrophil recovery, platelet transfusion-independence, but platelets less than 100 K/ul), 15 failed to achieve CR (41%) and data are outstanding in 13 (35%). 12 patient deaths have been reported (5 treatment-related [14%], 4 disease-related, 1 unrelated to treatment or disease and 2 died of unknown causes). The following gr ≥ 3 toxicities occurred with a frequency of at least 10% based on data currently available for 25/37 patients with relapsed AML on the phase II component of the study: ileus (12%), hyperbilirubinemia (gr 3 in 20%, gr 4 in 4%), elevated SGOT (gr 3 in 16%, gr 4 in 8%), hypoalbuminemia in 12% (all grade 3), infection (gr 3 in 20%, gr 4 in 4%, and fatal in 8%) and hypoxia in 12% (all gr 3). No gr ≥ 4 hepatic veno-occlusive disease was reported. In summary, HiDAC (3.0 g/m2 over 3h qd on d 1–5) plus GO (9 mg/m2 on d 7) is reasonably well tolerated and associated with at least a 19% CR rate in pts with relapsed AML. This regimen merits further study, both in this setting and as a consolidation therapy for adult pts with AML in first remission.
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Farman, N., J. P. Bonvalet, and J. R. Seckl. "Aldosterone selectively increases Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 3-subunit mRNA expression in rat hippocampus." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): C423—C428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.2.c423.
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In the brain, corticosteroids bind to intracellular glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptors, affecting target gene transcription, and thereby altering neuronal function, including electrophysiological activity. The hippocampus very highly expresses both MR and GR; however, MR-regulated hippocampal transcripts have not yet been described. We investigated the effects of adrenalectomy +/- glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid replacement on expression of mRNAs encoding alpha-subunit isoforms of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase, a critical transmembrane ion gradient-regulating enzyme. Aldosterone significantly increased alpha 3-subunit mRNA expression in dentate gyrus granule cells (62% increase compared with adrenalectomy) and in CA1 and CA4 hippocampal neurons (37 and 38%), but not in CA2, CA3, parietal cortex neurons, or glia. This effect was not reproduced by dexamethasone, and none of the corticosteroid manipulations altered alpha 1- or alpha 2-subunit mRNA expression at any site examined. Aldosterone-mediated upregulation of hippocampal alpha 3-subunit mRNA expression may underlie, at least in part, the specific actions of MR ligands on hippocampal function. The observation that aldosterone differentially affects alpha 3-isoform mRNA expression in distinct neuronal populations, associated with the established aldosterone modulations of alpha 1-isoform mRNA in epithelial cells, supports the presence of cell-specific factors that regulate MR-mediated transcriptional activity.
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Swenson, Eric L. "Quasi-convex groups of isometries of negatively curved spaces☆☆This research was supported by SERC grant GR/K 25618." Topology and its Applications 110, no. 1 (January 2001): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-8641(99)00166-2.
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Миллионщиков, Дмитрий Владимирович, Dmitry Vladimirovich Millionshchikov, Роландо Бенитес Хименес, and Rolando Benitez Jimenez. "Геометрия центральных расширений нильпотентных алгебр Ли." Trudy Matematicheskogo Instituta imeni V.A. Steklova 305 (June 2019): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4213/tm4011.
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Предложен рекуррентный и монотонный способ построения и классификации нильпотентных алгебр Ли путем последовательных центральных расширений. Он заключается в вычислении вторых когомологий $H^2(\mathfrak g,\mathbb K)$ расширяемой нильпотентной алгебры Ли $\mathfrak g$ с последующим изучением геометрии пространства орбит действия группы автоморфизмов $\mathrm {Aut}(\mathfrak g)$ алгебры Ли $\mathfrak g$ на грассманианах вида $\mathrm {Gr}(m,H^2(\mathfrak g,\mathbb K))$. При этом необходимо учитывать фильтрованную структуру когомологий относительно идеалов нижнего центрального ряда: коцикл, определяющий центральное расширение, должен иметь максимальную фильтрацию. Такой геометрический метод позволяет классифицировать нильпотентные алгебры Ли малых размерностей, а также классифицировать узкие естественно градуированные алгебры Ли. Вводится понятие жесткого центрального расширения. Построены примеры жестких и нежестких центральных расширений.
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Rudi Fadli, Bukhari, Nuryulsen Safridar,. "PENGARUH PENGAPURAN DAN PEMUPUKAN FOSFOR PADA TANAH YANG SERING TERGENANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Jurnal Agroristek 3, no. 2 (August 23, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47647/jar.v3i2.264.
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The purpose of this study were: (1) To determine the effect of dolomite lime and phosphorus fertilization on soils that were often inundated on the growth and yield of peanuts, (2) to determine the interaction between these two factors on the growth and production of peanuts in soils that were often inundated. The experimental design used in this study was "Randomized Block Design", with 3 (three) replications and 2 (two) factors studied, namely the effect of dolomite (Liming) (K) lime with 4 (four) levels, namely; K0 = 0 gr / polybag, K1 = 2 gr / polybag, K2 = 4 gr / polybag, and K3 = 6 gr / polybag. While Phosphorus (Sp-36) (P) fertilization with 3 (three) levels, namely; P0 = 0 gr / polybag, P1 = 2.5 gr / polybag, P2 = 5 gr / polybag. The variables observed to show the effect of dolomite lime and Sp-36 fertilization were: (1) Plant height: measured at the age of 21, 42, 63 days after planting (DAS). (2) A number of branches per clump (cm). (3) The number of flowers per family. (4) The yield of pods per polybag (gram). And (5) the number of pods per (fruit). The results of the research on the effect of dolomite liming treatment on the growth and yield of groundnut showed that: (1) had a very significant effect (level of 1%) on plant height at 21, 42 and 63 DAS, (2) had no significant effect on the number of branches per clump, (2) 3) It had a significant effect (level of 5%) on the number of flowers per clump, (4) had a very significant effect (level of 1%) on the yield of pods per polybag, and (5) had a very significant effect (level of 1%) on the number of pods per hill. While the effect of phosphorus fertilization treatment on the growth and yield of peanuts showed that: (1) had a very significant effect (level of 1%) on plant height at 21 and 42 DAS, (2) had no significant effect on the number of branches per clump, (3) very real (level 1%) on the number of flowers per clump, (4) had a very significant effect (level 1%) on the yield of pods per polybag, and (5) had a significant effect (level 5%) on the number of pods per hill. The interaction between dolomite liming and phosphorus fertilization on the growth and yield of peanuts in all the variables studied (plant height, number of branches per clump, number of flowers per clump, a yield of pods per polybag and number of pods per hill), showed a very significant effect (level 1%).Keywords: Dolomite lime, phosphorus fertilization, soil, peanuts.
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Kim, Sung Huhn, Kyunghee X. Kim, Nithya N. Raveendran, Tao Wu, Satyanarayana R. Pondugula, and Daniel C. Marcus. "Regulation of ENaC-mediated sodium transport by glucocorticoids in Reissner's membrane epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 296, no. 3 (March 2009): C544—C557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00338.2008.
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Reissner's membrane epithelium forms much of the barrier that produces and sustains the large ionic differences between cochlear endolymph and perilymph. We have reported that Reissner's membrane contributes to normal cochlear function by absorbing Na+ from endolymph via amiloride-sensitive channels in gerbil inner ear. We used mouse Reissner's membrane to 1) identify candidate genes involved in the Na+ transport pathway, 2) determine whether their level of expression was regulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and 3) obtain functional evidence for the physiological importance of these genes. Transcripts were present for α-, β-, and γ-subunits of epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC); corticosteroid receptors GR (glucocorticoid receptor) and MR (mineralocorticoid receptor); GR agonist regulator 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 1 (11β-HSD1); Na+ transport control components SGK1, Nedd4-2, and WNKs; and K+ channels and Na+-K+-ATPase. Expression of the MR agonist regulator 11β-HSD2 was not detected. Dexamethasone upregulated transcripts for α- and β-subunits of ENaC (∼6- and ∼3-fold), KCNK1 (∼3-fold), 11β-HSD1 (∼2-fold), SGK1 (∼2-fold), and WNK4 (∼3-fold). Transepithelial currents from the apical to the basolateral side of Reissner's membrane were sensitive to amiloride (IC50 ∼0.7 μM) and benzamil (IC50 ∼0.1 μM), but not EIPA (IC50 ∼34 μM); amiloride-blocked transepithelial current was not immediately changed by forskolin/IBMX. Currents were reduced by ouabain, lowered bath Na+ concentration (from 150 to 120 mM), and K+ channel blockers (XE-991, Ba2+, and acidification from pH 7.4 to 6.5). Dexamethasone-stimulated current and gene expression were reduced by mifepristone, but not spironolactone. These molecular, pharmacological, and functional observations are consistent with Na+ absorption by mouse Reissner's membrane, which is mediated by apical ENaC and/or other amiloride-sensitive channels, basolateral Na+-K+-ATPase, and K+-permeable channels and is under the control of glucocorticoids. These results provide an understanding and a molecular definition of an important transport function of Reissner's membrane epithelium in the homeostasis of cochlear endolymph.
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Spindler, Benjamin, and François Verrey. "Aldosterone action: induction of p21rasandfra-2 and transcription-independent decrease inmyc,jun, andfos." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): C1154—C1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.5.c1154.
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Adrenal steroids induce an increase in transcellular Na+reabsorption across Xenopus laevis A6 cell epithelia that requires the action of transcriptionally regulated gene products. In a previous study we identified K- ras2 as an aldosterone-upregulated mRNA in A6 epithelia. Here, we show that in vivo injection of aldosterone in Xenopus (2.5 h) increases K- ras2 mRNA specifically in the kidney (2.5-fold) and that in A6 epithelia aldosterone (2.5 h) increases Ras protein synthesis (∼6-fold). Xl- ras, another ras mRNA expressed at a low level in A6 cells, was also induced (2-fold). Aldosterone was shown to regulate the mRNA levels of several transcription factors as well. After 2 h of aldosterone treatment, fra-2 mRNA was upregulated by 130%, whereas c- myc, c- jun, c- fos, and glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs were downregulated by 23–43%. After 16 h, c- fos and GR mRNAs were further decreased, whereas levels of fra-2, c- jun, and c- myc began to return to control levels. Interestingly, the downregulation of the protooncogene mRNAs was independent of transcription. These results support the view that aldosterone exerts complex pleiotropic transcriptional and nontranscriptional actions that involve the regulation of signaling cascade elements (i.e., K-Ras2) as well as that of transcription factors.
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Wintner, S. P., and S. F. J. Dudley. "Age and growth estimates for the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, from the east coast of South Africa." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 1 (2000): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99077.
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Growth rings (GR) in sagitally sectioned vertebral centra of 69 female tiger sharks (102–300 cm precaudal length; 6–412 kg) and 32 males (123–301 cm; 16–396 kg) were counted. In vertebrae from three sharks injected with oxytetracyline (OTC) and recaptured after 18, 389 and 791 days of liberty, respectively, OTC was visible and there was evidence of annual GR deposition. Centrum analyses of the entire vertebral sample failed to confirm this GR periodicity. Assuming annual GR deposition, the youngest female and male aged were 1 year (102 cm) and 2 years (123 cm), and the oldest were 11 years (293 cm) and 8 years (301 cm) respectively. von Bertalanffy parameters for the combined sexes based on back-calculated values were L• 301 cm, k 0.202 year−1 and t0 −1.11 years. Ages calculated for length at 50% maturity were 11 years (274 cm) and 8 years (250 cm) for females and males, respectively. Calculated growth in length decreased from 44 cm (0–1 year) to 4 cm (12–13 years). Gompertz parameters were w0 14 kg, G 3.73 and g 0.172 year−1. Calculated growth in mass increased from 12 kg (0–1 year) to 38 kg (7–8 years), then decreased to 29 kg (12–13 years). Back-calculated length and mass values were similar to observed values and Lee’s phenomenon was not evident in either case.
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Moran, Mollie E., Beth Fischer, Sara Broering, Kristie A. Blum, Thomas S. Lin, John C. Byrd, Michael R. Grever, and Michelle Brooker-McEldowney. "Successful Management (Mgt) of Hyperkalemia Associated with Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) in Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Patients (pts) Receiving Flavopiridol on an Active Pharmacologically Derived Schedule." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2124.2124.
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Abstract Introduction: Flavopiridol, a synthetic flavone with marked clinical efficacy in refractory high risk CLL, can cause overwhelming TLS with hyperkalemia. Accrual to a National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored phase 1 trial of flavopiridol (NCI 5746) was held for TLS with uncontrolled hyperkalemia in 2 of 3 pts at the cohort 2 dose. An algorithm for hyperkalemia mgt was instituted, and accrual resumed. An additional 14 pts were treated with dose level 1 (30mg/m2 30-min IV bolus followed by 4 hr IV infusion of 30 mg/m2 weekly x 4 every 6 wks for up to 6 cycles). This regimen had marked activity (43% PR) and improved safety. A third cohort with dose escalation to 50 mg/m2 for the 4 hr infusion in pts with <50% disease reduction after 1 cycle was initiated. We report the mgt of hyperkalemia in these 19 pts in cohort 3. Methods: Potentially nephrotoxic drugs were held. The 1st cycle and 1st dose of the 2nd cycle were given in-patient (inpt). Premedications included allopurinol and calcium acetate. Inpatients (Inpts) received IV alkalinization for 10 hr prior to flavopiridol, and rasburicase 0.15 mg/kg 2 hr prior to flavopiridol. Serum monitoring was done pretreatment, after the loading dose, hourly during and for 4 hr after flavopiridol for inpts (hourly for 2–3 hr afterwards for outpts). Serum monitoring was more frequent if potassium (K) levels exceeded 5.0 mmol/L. Rapid, accurate result reporting (less than 30 min from draw) was achieved with use of a critical care laboratory. Serum K levels were managed accordingly. Results: To date 19 pts have received 116 inpt doses (range 1–6/pt) of flavopiridol and 78 outpt doses (range 3–11/pt). Out of 194 infusions, 7 resulted in hyperkalemia which required hemodialysis/CVVHD; 2 occurred in 1 pt at the start of cycle 1 and upon dose escalation. All inpt doses required interventions in addition to premedications to prevent hyperkalemia. Incidence of hyperkalemia as rated by NCI Common Toxicity Criteria V 3.0 was low. Hyperkalemia incidence in 116 inpt doses was: grade (gr) 1, 0.086% (N=10) gr 2, 0.026% (N=3); gr 3, 0.008% (N=1); gr 4, 0.04% (N=5). Similarly, outpt hyperkalemia was uncommon. Of 78 outpt doses only 14% (N=11) resulted in gr 1 hyperkalemia and only 1 pt required admission for IV fluids and monitoring. The hyperkalemia mgt algorithm for 78 outpt doses required 44% (N=35) to have pre-treatment Kx, 61% (N=48) to have additional Kx, and 29% (N=19) to have IV interventions. Conclusion: Aggressive monitoring and adherence to this hyperkalemia algorithm during flavopiridol therapy has reduced the incidence of hyperkalemia and the need for hemodialysis. The safety of this highly active treatment for resistant, high risk CLL has improved with the algorithm, so that outpt treatment is now feasible. Further development of flavopiridol in this indication is warranted. K mmol/L Inpt: Outpt: >4 start of Tx 30 g Kayexalate (Kx) 30 g Kx 4.0 with Tx 30 g Kx, 20 mg furosemide no change >4.5 30 g Kx, 1 amp D50, 10 units regular insulin IV(reg in) 30 g Kx >5.0 1 amp D50, 10 reg in, 10 mg albuterol neb 1 amp D50, 10 reg in, 10 mg albuterol neb, 20 mg furosemide >5.5 1 amp D50, 10 reg in, 1 amp CaGluconate Admit >6.5 Dialysis NA
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Rochmanto, Budi. "KETIDAKPASTIAN PENGUKURAN EMISI KENDARAAN DENGAN REGULASI R83 MENGACU PADA PERHITUNGAN JOINT COMMITTEE FOR GUIDES METROLOGY (JCGM) 100 : 2008." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 10, no. 2 (August 15, 2016): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v10i2.148.
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Harmonisasi terkait 19 regulasi bidang otomotif diantara negara ASEAN akan dilakukan melalui kesepakatan ASEAN MRA. Salah satu regulasi yang akan diharmonisasi adalah pengujian emisi kendaraan sesuai dengan regulasi R83. BT2MP-BPPT merupakan laboratorium terakreditasi yang akan menjadi technical service untuk pelaksanaan pengujian R83. Studi ini membuat kajian terkait perhitungan ketidakpastian dalam pengujian emisi kendaraan berdasarkan regulasi R83 tersebut. Ketidakpastian pengukuran yang dihasilkan pada pengujian dengan standar R83 dipengaruhi oleh parameter peralatan ukur seperti chassis dynamometer, gas analyzer, sistem sampling emisi danyang lain. Selain faktor peralatan tersebut, data hasil pengukuran juga merupakan faktor yang mempunyai pengaruh signifikan. Pada kajian iniperhitungan ketidakpastian mengacu kepada Joint Committee for Guide in Metrology (JCGM) 100 2008, hasilnya dinyatakan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 % dengan faktor cakupan k=2.Dari hasil pengujian di BT2MP-BPPT, hasil perhitungan ketidakpastian pengukuran total yang merupakan gabungan dari ketidakpastian parsial dari unsur yang berpengaruh,menunjukkan ketidakpastian total untuk parameter emisi HC, CO dan NOx adalah 0.0021 gr/km, 0.0103 gr/km dan 0.0004 gr/km secara berurutan.Hasil akhir ketidakpastian pengukuran pada pengujian emisi ini menunjukkan kemampuan ukur dari fasilitas uji emisi kendaraan BTMP-BPPT dalam hal deviasi dan keterterimaan dari pengukuranyang dihasilkannya.Â
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Chikunji, Chiteng'a John. "Unit groups of cube radical zero commutative completely primary finite rings." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2005, no. 4 (2005): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijmms.2005.579.
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A completely primary finite ring is a ringRwith identity1≠0whose subset of all its zero-divisors forms the unique maximal idealJ. LetRbe a commutative completely primary finite ring with the unique maximal idealJsuch thatJ3=(0)andJ2≠(0). ThenR/J≅GF(pr)and the characteristic ofRispk, where1≤k≤3, for some primepand positive integerr. LetRo=GR(pkr,pk)be a Galois subring ofRand let the annihilator ofJbeJ2so thatR=Ro⊕U⊕V, whereUandVare finitely generatedRo-modules. Let nonnegative integerssandtbe numbers of elements in the generating sets forUandV, respectively. Whens=2,t=1, and the characteristic ofRisp; and whent=s(s+1)/2, for any fixeds, the structure of the group of unitsR∗of the ringRand its generators are determined; these depend on the structural matrices(aij)and on the parametersp,k,r, ands.
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Makarova, Irina, Vadim Grebenev, Elena Dmitricheva, and Vladimir Komornikov. "New representatives of solid acid conductors: CsmHn((HSO4),(H2PO4))m+n." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314099343.
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Crystals - superprotonics are extensively studied with the goal of elucidating the influence of the hydrogen subsystem on the physicochemical properties and designing new functional materials. As opposed to other hydrogen-containing compounds, phase transitions in these crystals are accompanied by a hydrogen-bond network rearrangement, resulting in radical changes of their properties, in particular, in the appearance of proton conductivity about 10–1 Ω–1 cm–1. These crystals are unique in the class of proton conductors, since the superprotonic conductivity is related to the structural features of these compounds rather than to the presence of doping additives. The occurrence of high superprotonic conductivity in the Me3H(XO4)2 (Me = K, Rb, Cs, NH4; X = S, Se, P, As) crystals is associated with the formation of a qualitatively new and dynamically disordered hydrogen-bond system [1]. In K9H7(SO4)8·N2O crystals, the only known representative of the Me9H7(XO4)8·xN2O family, the occurrence of high conductivity is associated with the outward diffusion of water molecules, the hydrogen-bond network rearrangement, and the formation of channels for the possible motion of K+ ions [2]. The hydrogen-bond rearrangement and the hindered back diffusion of water to the crystal bulk stabilize the high-temperature crystal structure and ensure its supercooling to low temperatures. The new crystals of Cs3(HSO4)2(H2PO4), Cs4(HSO4)3(H2PO4) and Cs6H(HSO4)3(H2PO4)4 were grown up in the CsHSO4–CsH2PO4-H2O system - enough big, with good optic quality [3]. The thermal and optical properties of crystals as well as their conductivity have been investigated in the temperature range 295 – 445 K. It was observed superprotonic phase transitions at 409, 411 and 365 K correspondingly. The distinction in the properties of Cs3(HSO4)2(H2PO4) and Cs4(HSO4)3(H2PO4) (sp. gr. C2/c at 295 K) is related to differences in nets of hydrogen bonds formed between different-occupied XO4 tetrahedra. Cs6H(HSO4)3(H2PO4)4 srystals (sp. gr. I-43d at 295 K) have the net of hydrogen bonds which is completely different. After cooling the high-temperature superprotonic phase preserves long enough without essential decrease in conductivity. This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects 13-03-12216 and 13-02-92693).
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Liao, Chien-Chun, Chu-Chun Wang, Tai-Cheng Chen, Ren-Kae Shiue, and Leu-Wen Tsay. "Effects of Thermal Simulation on the Creep Fracture of the Mod. 9Cr-1Mo Weld Metal." Metals 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091181.
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The effects of thermal simulation on the short-term creep fracture of modified 91 (mod. 91) weld metal (WM) were evaluated at elevated temperature. The reheated zones in the WM during multiple passes were simulated by an infrared heater. The simulated WM specimens after post-weld tempering at 1023 K/2 h were loaded with dead weight either at 903 K/120 MPa or 933 K/80 MPa. In this work, the simulated WM specimens after tempering were loaded either at 903 and 933 K during the tests. The loss in creep lives of various specimens at elevated temperature was determined accordingly and further compared with the Gr. 91 steel base metals, which were normalized either at 1213 K or 1333 K and then tempered at 1033 K for 2 h. The coarse, solidified structure of the WM had much better creep resistance than the base metal even that of the base metal normalized at 1333 K. However, the imposed welding thermal cycles would cause a significant decrease in creep resistance of the WM. Creep lives were shortened obviously in the simulated WM samples, especially in the simulated sample that underwent partial transformation. The combination of a fine-grained structure and soft ferrite present in the simulated WM was responsible for their huge decline in creep resistance, as compared with the WM in the as-tempered condition.
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SAMEEN, A., RAHUL BALE, and RAMA GOVINDARAJAN. "The effect of wall heating on instability of channel flow – CORRIGENDUM." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 673 (March 2, 2011): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112011000206.
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During an attempt to work on a stratified flow problem envisaged as a sequel of the paper by Sameen & Govindarajan (2007), it was found that the original paper contained errors in §§ 3.4 and 4.3 due to a factor of iα, which was inadvertently missed in two places in the code (i) in the buoyancy term due to the use of vertical velocity and streamfunction interchangeably, and (ii) in the apportionment between kinetic and potential energy in the Gmax calculation. Because of this, there were significant differences in the effect of Grashof number on stability. Figure 1 is the modified figure 9 of the original paper, for Pr =7 and ΔT = 25 K. The Poiseuille–Rayleigh–Bénard mode appears at Gr = 39.12 and is seen not to merge with the Poiseuille mode, unlike the conclusion made earlier. This modification applies at any Prandtl number from 10−2 to 102. The corrected versions of figures 17 and 21, showing Gmax contours for different Pr at Gr = 0 and different Gr for Pr = 1, are plotted in figures 2 and 3, respectively. The large growth reported at β = 0 was thus erroneous. The other main conclusions of the paper, that Prandtl number changes transient growth qualitatively, but not the least stable eigenmode, whereas viscosity stratification, which has a huge impact on exponential growth/decay, does not change transient growth much, remain the same. The secondary instabilities also remain unchanged. The stability equations (3.2) to (3.4) in the paper should read (for explanation, please refer to Sameen & Govindarajan 2007) (1)(2)(3)
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Ueno, J., K. Sugiyama, H. Naitou, N. Hirota, S. Karasawa, and H. Kin. "Endovascular Treatment for Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms in Acute Stage." Interventional Neuroradiology 5, no. 1_suppl (November 1999): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199990050s136.
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Since the introduction of endovascular embolization with Guglielmi Detachable Coils (GDC)1–3in April 1997, we have performed 56 endovascular treatments for ruptured cerebral aneurysms in the acute stage based on our definition of candidates for this modality. Overall outcomes are as follows. 1) Rebleeding within one year was limited to one case (2.5%). 2) Vasospasm occurrences: four cases (7.1%) infarction and three cases (5.4%) as transient ischemia. 3) H&K Grade IV; 60% of cases resulted in improved outcomes. 4) H&K Grade II: One case of rupture during an operation. 5) Three out of five older subjects (over 80 years old) resulted in GR or MD. In this study, we reviewed endovascular embolization in acute stage in terms of candidates and technical problems.
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Ramdhani, Fendi. "PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN AIR KELAPA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum. L) PADA BERBAGAI MACAM MEDIA." VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 13, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/viabel.v13i1.697.
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Demand for shallots continues to increase due to increasing population and consumption of mera onions. This research was carried out in jingglong village, Sutojayan sub-district, Blitar district in April - June 2018. This research was conducted using factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors, the first factor was immersion in coconut water (k) which consisted of 3 levels namely immersion for 1 hour (k1) soaking for 2 hours (k2) soaking for 3 hours (k3). The second factor is various media (m) consisting of 3 levels: soil 1: fertilizer 1: husk ash 1 (m1), soil 2: fertilizer 1: husk ash 1 (m2), soil 1: fertilizer 2: husk ash 1 ( m3) The variables observed included plant height, number of shoots, number of leaves, weight of tuber stover, wet weight of tubers, dry weight of tubers. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) level of 5% and further testing with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). There is no real interaction between coconut water immersion and various planting media on the growth and yield of shallots. The treatment of coconut water immersion (k) significantly affected the height of shallot plants at the age of 14 days and 21 days, and affected the number of shoots and leaves at all ages of observation. The treatment of various planting media showed a significant difference at the age of 14 days to 21 days. The treatment of various planting media had a significant effect on the weight of stover and the wet weight of onion tubers with the highest yield (m1) of 122.03 gr, while in the wet weight the highest yield was on media (m1) with a yield of 80.51 gr.
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Zhang, Ting, Yanbo Huang, Krishna N. Reddy, Pingting Yang, Xiaohu Zhao, and Jingcheng Zhang. "Using Machine Learning and Hyperspectral Images to Assess Damages to Corn Plant Caused by Glyphosate and to Evaluate Recoverability." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030583.
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Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in crop production due to the widespread adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. However, the spray of glyphosate onto non-target crops from ground or aerial applications can cause severe injury to non-GR corn plants. To evaluate the crop damage of the non-GR corn plants from glyphosate and the recoverability of the damaged plants, we used the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique in field experiments with different glyphosate application rates. This study investigated the spectral characteristic of corn plants and assessed the corn plant damage from glyphosate. Based on HSI image analysis, a spectral variation pattern was observed at 1 week after treatment (WAT), 2 WAT, and 3 WAT from the glyphosate-treated non-GR corn plants. It was further found that the corn plants treated with glyphosate rates equal to or higher than 0.5X (X = 0.866 kilograms acid equivalents/hectare (kg ae/ha) represents the recommended spray rate for GR corn) would suffer unrecoverable damage. Using the Jeffries–Matusita distance as the spectral sensitivity criterion, three sensitive bands from the measured spectra were selected to create two spectral indices for crop recoverability differentiation in band ratio and normalization forms, respectively. With the two spectral indices, the corn plants recoverable and unrecoverable from damage were classified with an overall accuracy greater than 95%. Then, three machine learning algorithms (k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and support vector machine) were respectively combined with the successive projections algorithm to create models to relate selected feature spectral bands to glyphosate spray rates. The results indicated that the models achieved reasonable accuracy, especially in the group of recoverable plants. This study illustrated the potential of the hyperspectral imaging technique for evaluating crop damage from herbicides and recoverability of the injured plants using different data analysis and machine learning modeling approaches for practical weed management in crop fields.
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Amanda, Yessinta Trizna, Isa Marufi, and Anita Dewi Moelyaningrum. "PEMANFAATAN BIJI TREMBESI (Samanea saman) SEBAGAI KOAGULAN ALAMI UNTUK MENURUNKAN BOD, COD, TSS DAN KEKERUHAN PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR TEMPE." Berkala Ilmiah Pertanian 2, no. 3 (August 7, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/bip.v2i3.16275.
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ABSTRACT The liquid waste of tempe factory in UD. X Patrang Sub-District, Jember Regency has the levels of organic matter BOD, COD, TSS and turbidity of the tempe liquid initial waste at UD. X in the amount of 3,200 mg / l; 4,200 mg / l; 5,016 mg / l and 901 NTU. This has exceeded environmental quality standards. For this reason, one of the coagulation-flocculation processing is needed using natural ingredients of trembesi seeds (Samanea saman). Trembesi seed is one of the plants that is used as a natural coagulant because it has a high content of tannin which is capable of adsorbing wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in levels of BOD, COD, TSS and Turbidity which were contacted with trembesi seeds and contacted with trembesi seeds with a concentration of 0.7 gr / l; 1.4 gr / l; 2.2 gr / l and stirring speed of 300 rpm for 2 minutes continued with 230 rpm for 25 minutes. The type of this research is True Experimental with the design of posttest only control group design. This study has 24 samples divided into 4 control groups (K), the second group concentrates 0.7 gr / l; third group 1.4 gr / l; the third group 2.2 gr / l then laboratory tests were BOD, COD, TSS and Turbidity. The results of this study are that there are differences in groups that are contacted with trembesi seeds with those not contacted with seeds trembesi to decrease in BOD, COD, TSS and Turbidity. Keywords: Liquid waste, BOD, COD, TSS, Turbidity, Coagulation ABSTRAK Limbah cair pabrik tempe di UD. X Kecamatan Patrang Kabupaten Jember memiliki kadar bahan organik BOD, COD, TSS dan kekeruhan limbah awal cair tempe di UD.X berturut-turut sebesar 3.200 mg/l; 4.200 mg/l; 5.016 mg/l dan 901 NTU. Hal ini telah melebihi baku mutu lingkungan. Untuk itu diperlukan salah satu pengolahan dengan metode koagulasi-flokulasi menggunakan bahan alami biji trembesi (Samanea saman). Biji trembesi merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dimanfaatkan sebagai koagulan alami karena memiliki kandungan tanin yang tinggio yang mampu mengadsorbsi air limbah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk manganalisis perbedaan kadar BOD, COD, TSS dan Kekeruhan yang dikontakkan dengan biji trembesi dan yang dikontakkan dengan biji trembesi dengan konsentrasi 0,7 g/L; 1,4 g/L; 2,2 g/L dan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm selama 2 menit dilanjutkan dengan 230 rpm selama 25 menit. Jenis penelitian ini adalah True eksperimental dengan desain posttest only control group design.penelitian ini terdapat 24 sampel yang terbagi dalam 4 kelompok kontrol (K), kelompok kedua konsentrasi 0,7 g/L; kelompok ketiga 1,4 g/L; kelompok ketiga 2,2 g/L kemudian dilakukan uji laboratorium BOD, COD, TSS dan Kekeruhan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan kelompok yang dikontakkan dengan biji trembesi dengan yang tidak dikontakkan dengan biji trembesi terhadap penurunan BOD, COD, TSS dan Kekeruhan Kata Kunci: Limbah cair, BOD, COD, TSS, Kekeruhan,Koagulasi
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Roa-García, María Cecilia, and Sandra Brown. "CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA ACUMULACIÓN DE CARBONO EN PEQUEÑOS HUMEDALES ANDINOS EN LA CUENCA ALTA DEL RÍO BARBAS (QUINDÍO, COLOMBIA)." Caldasia 38, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v38n1.57833.
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<p>Se caracterizó el proceso de acumulación de carbono en pequeños humedales andinos de la cuenca alta del río Barbas, en el municipio de Filandia, departamento del Quindío, Colombia. El método de bolsas de descomposición se usó para estimar las tasas de acumulación de materia orgánica y las constantes de descomposición en el corto plazo. La pérdida por ignición y la datación con carbono 14 se usaron para calcular las tasas de acumulación de carbono en el largo plazo. Los 52 humedales ocupan un área de 7,2 ha y se encuentran entre 2000 y 2200 m. La constante de descomposición, k es de 0,524 para los suelos de humedal en contraste con 0,962 para los suelos de tierra firme. La concentración de carbono en los tres humedales muestreados varía entre 91 y los 319 gr C Kg-1. Las reservas de carbono por unidad de área en los tres humedales muestreados varía entre 80 y 117 Kg C m-2. La tasa de acumulación de carbono en el largo plazo - LARCA - es de 30 - 50 gr C m-2 año-1, tasa comparable con la encontrada en turberas de páramos andinos.</p>
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Burns, Stacy M., and Sheila I. Hull. "Loss of Resistance to Ingestion and Phagocytic Killing by O− and K− Mutants of a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli O75:K5 Strain." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 3757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.8.3757-3762.1999.
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ABSTRACT To determine the importance of the O75 O antigen and the K5 capsular antigen in resistance to phagocytosis and phagocytic killing, we used previously described O75− and K5−mutants from an O75+ K5+ wild-type uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain in phagocytosis assays with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes. At a 10-to-1 ratio of bacteria to phagocytes and in the presence of 10% serum, the parental strain GR-12 was resistant to both PMNs and monocytes over a 2-h incubation period. The O75− and K5− mutants were similar in sensitivity to killing by both PMNs and monocytes, decreasing in viability by 80% in the first hour. Yet, a significant difference in killing between the O75−and K5− mutants was observed in the first 15 min of incubation. The K5− mutant decreased in numbers by almost 60%, while the O75− mutant increased in numbers similarly to GR-12 in the first 15 min. The difference in killing was found not to be due to the rate of opsonization. To further determine the mechanism of resistance, a fluorescence assay was used to differentiate attached and internalized bacteria. The K5 capsule hindered the association of both the wild-type strain and the O75−mutant in the initial incubation time with PMNs. In conclusion, both the K5 capsule and O75 O antigen play crucial roles in resistance to phagocytosis over time.
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Kamalia, Rizki, Hasan Mihardja, Adiningsih Srilestari, Atikah C. Barasila, and Husniah Rubiana Thamrin Akib. "The Effect of Electroacupunture on the Percentage of Lymphocyte Count on the Peripheral Blood Smear of C3H Mice Breast Adenocarcinoma Model." Indonesian Journal of Cancer 12, no. 1 (June 28, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v12i1.551.
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Background: Breast cancer patients often experience decreased the immune system such as a decreased of lymphocytes, which can increase mortality. Acupuncture is expected to be a therapeutic option to increase lymphocyte because current pharmacological therapy is very expensive with the risk of adverse event. This study aims to prove the action of Electroacupuncture (EA) as an immunomodulator for cellular immunity by increasing the percentage of lymphocytes of Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) in C3H mice of breast adenocarcinoma model. Methods:Laboratory experimental study with post test only controls group design involving twenty PBS preparations taken from 20 C3H mice of breast adenocarcinoma models divided into 4 groups. Group K with no EA treatment, group P1 was given 1 time EA treatment, group P2 was given 2 times EA treatment and P3 was given 3 times EA treatments (with seven days interval). EA stimulation was performed at ST36 Zusanli, BL18 Ganshu, BL20 Pishu with frequency of 2 Hz for 15 minutes. Result:The mean weight of mice was 23.90 ± 3.03 gr in control group, 25.40 ± 1.54 gr in P1 group, 27.00 ± 3.87 gr in P2 group and 25.90 ± 5.83 gr in P3 group, with most of them were female mice. The mean volume tumor in mice of control group was 14.49 ± 2.75 mm3, 16.72 ± 6,40 mm3 in P1 group, 20.18 ± 5.94 mm3 in P2 group and 22.07 ± 6.51 mm3 in P3 group. The mean percentage of lymphocyte was 44.20 ± 15.72 in control group, 43.00 ± 11.70 in P1 group, 49.60 ± 7.02 in P2 group and 43.20 ± 13.10 in P3 group. The correlation between the number of electroacupuncture treatments on the number of lymphocytes in the treatment group were compared to the control group with p = 0.811. Conclusions: Research acupuncture on cancer management has been done and provided good result. Acupuncture in particular EA has benefits in improving immunity by affecting lymphocyte enhancement. Acupuncture can be considered as adjuvant therapy in cancer patients breast. ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pada pasien kanker payudara sering terjadi penurunan sistemimun antara lain menurunnya limfosit, yang dapatm eningkatkan angka kematian. Akupunktur diharapkan dapat menjadi pilihan terapi untuk meningkatkan limfosit karena terapi farmakologi saat ini harganya sangat mahal dengan resiko efek samping. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa tindakan elektroakupunktur (EA) dapat berefek sebagaii mmunomodulator terhadap imunitas seluler dengan meningkatkan persentase limfosit sediaan apus darah tepi (SADT) pada mencit C3H model adenokarsinoma payudara. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan dengan post test only control group design terhadap dua puluh sediaan apus darah tepi yang diambil dari 20 mencit C3H model adenokarsinoma payudara. Kelompok studi dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu Kelompok K tidak diberi perlakuan EA, kelompok P1 dilakukan EA 1 kali, kelompok P2 dilakukan EA 2 kali dan P3 dilakukan EA 3 kali. Tindakan EA dilakukan pada titik ST36 Zusanli, BL18 Ganshu, BL20 Pishu dengan frekuensi 2 Hz selama 15 menit. The
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Goggin, Danica E., and Timothy D. Colmer. "Intermittent anoxia induces oxidative stress in wheat seminal roots: assessment of the antioxidant defence system, lipid peroxidation and tissue solutes." Functional Plant Biology 32, no. 6 (2005): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp04194.
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The effects of continuous and intermittent anoxia on components of the antioxidant defence system were evaluated in the expanded zones of wheat seedling roots. Intermittent anoxia caused oxidative stress (measured by the proportion of reduced glutathione) after three cycles of anoxia–aeration. The concentration of glutathione and activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were decreased by 50% under both continuous and intermittent anoxia. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was unaffected by anoxia but stimulated almost 2-fold during the aerated periods of intermittent anoxia. Superoxide dismutase activity was decreased by 20% under continuous anoxia but ultimately returned to aerated activities under intermittent anoxia. Membrane damage appeared to be negligible or reversible, as K+ concentrations recovered to original levels under intermittent anoxia and there was no increase in terminal lipid peroxidation products. Addition of 5 mm exogenous ascorbate to intermittently anoxic roots prevented oxidative stress and avoided the decreases in glutathione, GR and CAT. Therefore, it is likely that the oxidative stress resulted from inadequate levels of, or damage to, these two enzymes.
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Tepavitcharova, Stefka, Antonina Kovacheva, and Christo Balarew. "Crystallization and Thermal Behavior of 2MX·CuX2·2H2O (M+ = K, NH4, Rb, Cs; X- = Cl, Br)." Solid State Phenomena 194 (November 2012): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.194.222.
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The crystallization in the MX – CuX2 – H2O system (M+ = K, NH4, Rb, Cs; X- = Cl, Br) was studied and 2MX.CuX2.2H2O was found to be the predominant type of double salts. All of them are isostructural (tetragonal crystal system, sp. gr. P42/mnm) and the structure consists of discrete [Me(H2O)2X4] octahedra and separate M+ ions. The thermal behavior of 2MX.CuX2.2H2O was studied in the range 20-780°C. Ammonium salts showed analogous behavior but higher thermal stability (up to 100-120°C) than the other salts (up to 50-60°C). The first step of 2MX.CuX2.2H2O decomposition was dehydration to anhydrous double salts that occurred up to 100-210°C. The second step was the decomposition of the anhydrous double salts followed by CuX2 decomposition. Formal kinetic parameters (E*deh and A) were calculated and kinetic equations of the dehydration processes were derived from the TG curves using the differential method of non-isothermal decomposition. The results pointed to a diffusion-controlled dehydration process in all cases.
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Lorch, Jochen H., Naifa Busaidy, Daniel T. Ruan, Pasi A. Janne, Sewanti Atul Limaye, Lori J. Wirth, Justine A. Barletta, et al. "A phase II study of everolimus in patients with aggressive RAI refractory (RAIR) thyroid cancer (TC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 6023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6023.
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6023 Background: We present results of an open label phase II study of the mTOR inhibitor Everolimus in patients (pts) with RAIR TC. Methods: Pts with metastatic, incurable RAIR TC who had shown radiographic progression within 6 months prior to enrollment received Everolimus 10mg orally once daily. Responses were monitored by CT's every two months. The primary endpoint was progression free survival. Sequential biopsies were obtained in selected pts. Results: Enrollment to the differentiated TC (DTC) cohort finished in Jan 2013 and included 33 pts, among them 11 with Hurthle cell TC. Exploratory cohorts enrolled 10 pts with medullary [MTC] and 5 with anaplastic [ATC] with 2 added openings remaining for ATC. For the DTC cohort, median time on study to date is 10 months (mo) (<1-23+). 31 pts are evaluable at this time. PFS in the DTC cohort by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis is 16.0 mo (95%CI 10-NR). Currently, disease stability for 6 and 12 mo or more was achieved in 18 and 10/31 pts, respectively, 11 pts remain on study. Median OS was not reached but 1 year survival by K-M analysis was 76%. One pt achieved a PR. 3 pts with DTC underwent sequential biopsies which revealed activation of autophagy while markers for apoptosis were not detected. Among 10 MTC pts, one achieved a PR and 9 pts had stable disease for 6 mo or more (6-33+). Among 5 ATC pts, 3 progressed, one has ongoing disease stability for 5 mo. One patient achieved a complete response that lasted for 18 mo and whole exome sequencing revealed somatic loss of function mutation affecting the Tuberous Sclerosis 2 (TSC2) protein, a negative regulator of mTOR activity [TSC2 (Q1178*) and FLCN (R17fs)]. Most common treatment-related adverse events were as anticipated and included fatigue, stomatitis and infections. Grade (gr) 3 events included infection 5, weight loss 3, leukopenia 3, thrombocytopenia 3, fatigue 3, hypophosphatemia 2, stomatitis 2, pneumonitis 1 and thrombosis 1pts. One pt had gr 4 hypercholesterinemia and one pt had gr 4 leukopenia. Conclusions: Everolimus has significant anti-tumor activity in pts with advanced TC. Activation of autophagy could account for high rate of disease stability. Sequencing may identify mechanistic basis and predictive markers for treatment response. Clinical trial information: NCT00936858.
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Rajamuddin, Muh Alias L., Andi Asdar Jaya, Ridwan Ridwan, and Emma Suryati. "KAJIAN INDUKSI KALUS RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii UNTUK PRODUKSI EMBRIO SOMATIK." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.5.2.2010.211-219.
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Untuk mendukung program transgenesis pada rumput laut, embrio somatik dapat digunakan sebagai material untuk transfer gen baik secara individu sel ataupun kluster sel embriogenik, sehingga mempercepat keberhasilan dengan peluang transformasi yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji induksi kalus rumput laut K. alvarezii untuk produksi sel embrio somatik (e.s.) dengan beberapa rasio zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) dan konsentrasi agar media induksi, sampai sel menjadi filamen. Penelitian terdiri atas dua tahap: Tahap (1) induksi kalus, dengan rasio ZPT asam indol asetat (IAA):kinetin = 0,5:0,0 mg/L; 1,0:1,0 mg/L; dan 2,0:0,2 mg/L dengan konsentrasi agar media induksi = 0,6%; 0,8%; 1,0%; dan 1,5%. Tahap (2) regenerasi massa sel e.s., dengan rasio IAA:kinetin = 0,1:1,0 mg/L; 0,0:0,1 mg/L dan tanpa ZPT dengan konsentrasi agar media = 0,4%; 0,6%; dan 0,8%. Untuk perkembangan sel-sel e.s. lebih lanjut dipelihara pada kultur cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahap induksi kalus, rasio IAA: kinetin = 1:1 mg/L dengan konsentrasi agar media 0,8% dan 1,0% menghasilkan persentase induksi kalus tertinggi (90%). Pada tahap regenerasi massa sel e.s., ZPT tidak berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan massa sel e.s., di mana tanpa ZPT dengan konsentrasi agar 0,6% memperlihatkan perkembangan tertinggi (rata-rata diameter massa sel 5 mm). Pada media cair, perkembangan sel e.s. dari single cell ukuran 3-4 mm menjadi filamen-filamen ukuran rata-rata 0,5 mm dapat dicapai dalam satu bulan kultur. Keberhasilan produksi sel e.s. K. alvarezii, selain sebagai material untuk transfer gen juga dapat dijadikan acuan dalam produksi benih rumput laut kultur jaringan.To support the program of seaweed transgenesis, somatic embryo can be used as a materials for gene transfer purpose either by individual or cluster of cells in accelerating the higher rate of transformation. This research aims to study the callus induction of seaweed K. alvarezii for production of somatic embrio (s.e) cell by different ratio of growth regulators (GR) and agar media concentrations. The study consists of two stages: stage (1) callus induction to the cells filament using GR of indol acetic acid (IAA):kinetin in ratio of 0.5:0.0 mg/L; 1.0:1.0 mg/L; and 2.0:0.2 mg/L on the media agar concentration of 0.6%; 0.8%; 1.0%; and 1.5%, and stage (2) regeneration of the cell mass of s.e, using GR of IAA:kinetin in ratio of 0.1:1.0 mg/L; 0.0:0.1 mg/L on the media agar concentration of 0.4%; 0.6%; and 0.8%. For further maintenance, the s.e cells were cultured in liquid media. The results of callus induction showed that the ratio of IAA:kinetin (1:1) on the media agar concentration of 0.8% and 1.0% produced the highest callus induction (90%). The study of mass cell regeneration of s.e showed did not different of GR IAA:kinetin ratio of the cell mass development, but the media agar concentration of 0.6% and 0.4% showed the higher growth of cell mass (in diameter size of 4-5 mm). The development of cells culture of s.e from the size of 3-4 mm to filament of 0.5 mm could be reached in one month of culture period. The success of K. alvarezii s.e production will be helpful not only as a material for gene transfer but also as a reference on tissue culture for seed production of seaweed.
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Naas, Thierry, Gaelle Cuzon, Maria-Virginia Villegas, Marie-Frédérique Lartigue, John P. Quinn, and Patrice Nordmann. "Genetic Structures at the Origin of Acquisition of the β-Lactamase blaKPC Gene." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 4 (January 28, 2008): 1257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01451-07.
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ABSTRACT Genetic structures surrounding the carbapenem-hydrolyzing Ambler class A bla KPC gene were characterized in several KPC-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from the United States, Colombia, and Greece. The bla KPC genes were associated in all cases with transposon-related structures. In the K. pneumoniae YC isolate from the United States, the β-lactamase bla KPC-2 gene was located on a novel Tn3-based transposon, Tn4401. Tn4401 was 10 kb in size, was delimited by two 39-bp imperfect inverted repeat sequences, and harbored, in addition to the β-lactamase bla KPC-2 gene, a transposase gene, a resolvase gene, and two novel insertion sequences, ISKpn6 and ISKpn7. Tn4401 has been identified in all isolates. However, two isoforms of this transposon were found: Tn4401a was found in K. pneumoniae YC and K. pneumoniae GR from the United States and Greece, respectively, and differed by a 100-bp deletion, located just upstream of the bla KPC-2 gene, compared to the sequence of Tn4401b, which was found in the Colombian isolates. In all isolates tested, Tn4401 was flanked by a 5-bp target site duplication, the signature of a recent transposition event, and was inserted in different open reading frames located on plasmids that varied in size and nature. Tn4401 is likely at the origin of carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase KPC mobilization to plasmids and its further insertion into various-sized plasmids identified in nonclonally related K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolates.
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Chati, Djelloul, Said Bouabdallah, and Badia Ghernaout. "Ventilation of Square Cavity Containing a Heat Source." Defect and Diffusion Forum 406 (January 2021): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.406.149.
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A numerical simulation of turbulent mixed convection of a ventilated cavity containing a heat source placed of the center has been carried out. This cavity is outfitted along couple holes: one placed within the lower left corner and the other in the top right corner. The width of the hole "H" represents is 1/5 of the length of the cavity side. The diameter regarding the round heat source "D" is equal in accordance with the breadth of the inlet gap’s H (D = H). The walls of the cavity considered are maintained adiabatic, while the temperature of the heat source T is higher than the ambient temperature. The turbulence model k-ε was used for governing equations of turbulent mixed convection inside the cavity. The finite volume method was used for numerical resolution. The parameters of flow are: the Grashof number is set to Gr = 109 and the Reynolds number (Re) varies so that the number of Richardson (Ri) takes the values Ri = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 (Ri = Gr/ Re2). The effect of thermo-dynamic parameters and the shape geometric cavity effect are investigated.
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Chati, Djelloul, Said Bouabdallah, and Badia Ghernaout. "Ventilation of Square Cavity Containing a Heat Source." Defect and Diffusion Forum 406 (January 2021): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.406.149.
Full textAbstract:
A numerical simulation of turbulent mixed convection of a ventilated cavity containing a heat source placed of the center has been carried out. This cavity is outfitted along couple holes: one placed within the lower left corner and the other in the top right corner. The width of the hole "H" represents is 1/5 of the length of the cavity side. The diameter regarding the round heat source "D" is equal in accordance with the breadth of the inlet gap’s H (D = H). The walls of the cavity considered are maintained adiabatic, while the temperature of the heat source T is higher than the ambient temperature. The turbulence model k-ε was used for governing equations of turbulent mixed convection inside the cavity. The finite volume method was used for numerical resolution. The parameters of flow are: the Grashof number is set to Gr = 109 and the Reynolds number (Re) varies so that the number of Richardson (Ri) takes the values Ri = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 (Ri = Gr/ Re2). The effect of thermo-dynamic parameters and the shape geometric cavity effect are investigated.
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Sinaga, Irwansyah Ardianto, Mahdaena Mahdalena, and Hamidah Hamidah. "Pengaruh Pemberian dosis Pupuk P dan K Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Varietas Bima." Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 6, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v6i2.284.
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The Effect of Dosage of P and K Fertilizer on Growth and Production of Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) Bima Varieties. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of P and K fertilizer application and the interaction of the two treatments on the growth and production of shallot plant. The study was conducted for 3 months, ie from July to October 2016. The research site on land owned by UPTB Samarinda Agriculture Training Center East Kalimantan Province. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a 3 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of 4 replications. The first factor is fertilizer fertilizer P which consists of 3 levels: namely p0 (without fertilization), p1 (fertilization 1 gr / plant), p2 (Fertilization 1.5 g / plant). The second factor is the dosage of K fertilizer consisting of 4 levels ie k0 (without fertilization) k1 (0.5 g / plant) k2 (1 g / plant) and k3 (1.5 g / plant). The result of this research showed that the treatment of P (P) fertilizer had significant effect on plant height 2 and 3 MST, wet bulb weight and dry bulb weight and no significant effect on plant height of 4 MST, number of leaves, and number of tillers. While the application of K (K) fertilizer had significant effect on plant height and leaf number at age 2 MST and no significant effect on height and number of leaf aged 3 and 4 MST, number of tiller, wet bulb weight and dry bulb weight. There was no interaction between P and K fertilizer application.
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Bigman, Galya, and Marius Emil Rusu. "Low Dietary Intakes of Vitamin K and Leafy Green Vegetables Are Individually Associated With Low Cognitive Functioning in A National Sample of U.S. Older Adults." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab059_007.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the individual associations between dietary intake of vitamin K and leafy green vegetables with cognitive functioning in the US population of adults aged 60 years or older. Methods Cross-sectional data of older adults (≥60years; n = 2,342) from the 2011–2014 NHANES were analyzed. Dietary data were assessed by two 24-hour dietary recalls. ‘Low intake of vitamin K’ was defined as below the recommended daily intake (RDI) (i.e.,< 90mcg for women, < 120mcg for men). ‘Low intake of leafy green vegetables’ was defined as consuming below 90gr a day of green vegetables (e.g., broccoli, asparagus, green pees and beans) and below 30gr a day of leafy greens (e.g., kale, spinach, celery, and lettuce). The cognitive functioning assessment included four separate tests and their ‘overall score’: (1) The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) word learning test; (2) Delayed Word Recall (DWR); (3) the Animal Fluency Test (AFT); (4) the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Low cognitive functioning was defined as receiving the lowest 20th percentile on each test score. Weighted logistic regressions examined the study aims by tests while controlling for associated covariates: age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomics, body mass index, lifestyle factors, energy intake, chronic diseases, and antithrombotic medication. Results More than half of the sample (55%) did not consume sufficient intake of vitamin K a day, and about two thirds (66%) were defined as having low intake of leafy green vegetables. The multivariable model showed that participants with low intake of vitamin K are more likely, by 45–111%, to have low cognitive functioning than those with sufficient intake of vitamin K (overall score: Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.36–2.26). Participants with low intake of leafy green vegetables had higher odds of having low cognitive functioning in three tests (i.e., CERAD, DWR, AFT) (ORs = 1.40–1.57) and in the overall test score (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14–1.87) than those who consumed ≥90 gr of green vegetables or ≥30 gr of leafy greens a day. Conclusions Low intakes of dietary vitamin K and leafy green vegetables might be linked with cognitive function impairment in older adults. The causality of such associations needs to be examined using prospective study design or interventions. Funding Sources N/A.