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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kabul (afghanistan)'
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Breshna, Zahra. "Das historische Zentrum von Kabul, Afghanistan : Grundlagenermittlung für eine Strategie der Wiederbelebung." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2008/287/.
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Thomas, Samira. "Integrating landscape into early childhood development in Kabul, Afghanistan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73828.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-116).
This thesis is an exploration of children's educational interactions with their landscape in Kabul, Afghanistan, and the ways in which landscape, as an important contributor to human development, can be integrated as a topic and as the setting of learning, into the early childhood curriculum in a meaningful and contextually appropriate way. The spaces of learning have increasingly become important components of engagement in education research - the concept of ''environment as teacher" is incorporated into this research study as a critical component of learning. This thesis has explored teacher willingness to participate in integrating landscape into the early childhood curriculum in their school, the Sparks Academy in Kabul, Afghanistan. The concept of landscape was approached both as the space of learning as well as a topic of study. It takes an approach to learning that moves beyond access and into the content and pedagogical style of teaching. This research concludes that Sparks is currently a community of enthusiastic teachers who wish to engage students in their learning in meaningful ways. There is a potential to build on current practices and turn current practice into an even more meaningful learning experience for young children in Kabul, Afghanistan. In particular, it extends the meaning of the Bagh-e-Babur from a space of cultural engagement, to a place of significant learning for Kabul's young.
by Samira Thomas.
M.C.P.
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Khaki, Nahid. "Demokratieerziehung im Rahmen der UNESCO am Beispiel der Sekundarschulen im Raum Kabul/Afghanistan." München Verl. Dr. Hut, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992163587/04.
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Tanha, Mohammad Rahmatullah [Verfasser]. "Environmental radioactivity studies in Kabul and northern Afghanistan / Mohammad Rahmatullah Tanha." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1166269051/34.
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Sharifi, Mohammad Shafi. "Electric Residential Load Growth in Kabul City-Afghanistan for Sustainable Situation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1257515533.
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Chow, Chin Min Edmund. "Afghan theatres since 9/11 : from and beyond Kabul." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/afghan-theatres-since-911-from-and-beyond-kabul(692923e8-e171-41b4-8fc1-1ea44cb7ce6c).html.
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The two most visible representations of Afghanistan are arguably Steve McCurry’s ‘Afghan Girl’ on the cover of National Geographic (June 1985) and Khaled Hosseini’s award-wining novel 'The Kite Runner' (2004). These two products laid the basic premise that images and ideas about Afghanistan have been circulated and commodified worldwide, especially qualities of the exotic, oppressed, and weak. Since print photography and literary works belong to the culture industry, this research seeks to enquire if performing arts, more specifically theatre, projected Afghanistan in similar ways. More precisely, this research asks how Afghan cultures and identities have been represented in the post-9/11 period. Borrowing the circuit of culture model (1997) from Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay, this research then examines ten specific theatre performances within Afghanistan and outside Afghanistan in a spatio-temporal framework illustrating dynamic tensions from, and beyond, Kabul. Case studies from Kabul illustrate that Afghan cultures can be owned and regulated by competing stakeholders, including the Taliban, within its geopolitical boundaries. Case studies from/beyond Kabul show the export of Afghan cultures and performances outside Afghanistan, underscoring tropes of impoverishment and suffering while inviting or inciting international interventions and conciliations. Case studies beyond Kabul tend to imagine ‘Afghanistan’ by offering an ambivalent, and sometimes, contradictory response to the war on terror. This thesis argues that projective closure – the act of filling in absences and gaps to make sense of an Afghan narrative – often circulates and entrenches Afghans in victimhood tropes. Because there are constant fluctuations and contestations at what ‘Afghanistan’ was, is, and should be, Afghanistan as an imagined entity – or a global cultural commodity – becomes more evident. Derek Gregory was right to observe in 'The Colonial Present' (2004) that Afghanistan has been an object of international geopolitical manoeuvrings since the nineteenth century, and, as this thesis will show, even early twenty-first century. But the claw of the “colonial present” does not stem from hostilities enacted by imperial power, but a series of intimate engagements with non-government organisations, government agencies, embassies, foreign theatre directors, and even global audiences who uncritically celebrate narratives of Afghan heroism. This is further complicated by the readiness of local Afghan practitioners to consume and project themselves as victims of war who are in ‘need’ of foreign help. As such, the value that is being demanded and supplied in the global culture industry is still victimhood. Afghan cultures and identities are deeply embedded in contexts – situational, cultural, global – and unless these contexts are collocated and layered upon each other to add nuance to interrogate cultural practices, cultural workers and theatre practitioners continue to run the risks of reproducing conflicts, even if they are beyond the geographical space of Kabul – because the locations of the ‘local’ and ‘global’ are becoming increasingly intertwined.
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Breshna, Zahra. "Das historische Zentrum von Kabul, Afghanistan : Grundlagenermittlung für eine Strategie der Wiederbelebung /." Thesis, Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2004. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2008/287/.
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Khan, Manizha. "Teachers’ Perception of Students’ Learning and Their Teaching in Afghanistan: : Views of KEU and SJTTC Teachers, Kabul, Afghanistan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37109.
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Lately, research has shown that learning and teaching are causally tightly bound activities. Understanding the learning process help teachers to know about the preferences of their students. Meanwhile, this understanding can contribute in effective learning performance if it is accommodated in teaching process. In order to find out perception of Afghan teachers in this regard, this study was conducted. 58 lecturers/teachers from two teacher training institutions – Kabul Education University (KEU) and Sayed Jamaluddin Teacher Training College (SJTTC) were participant of the study. Data was collected through self-responsive questionnaires and the findings of study indicates that learning process and styles, as well as teaching in accordance to learning process are important issues for teachers at these two institutions. Findings also suggest that teachers are aware about concept of learning styles. Besides that, attempts are made to address learning styles in teaching process through use of different teaching materials and methods. Knowledge of the important and necessary educational concepts such as, learning styles in teacher training institutions (KEU & SJTTC) can equip future teachers of community with better skills and attitudes that can make student-teacher interactions more sufficient.TEMP
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Akhtar, Fazlullah [Verfasser]. "Water availability and demand analysis in the Kabul River Basin, Afghanistan / Fazlullah Akhtar." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1141295679/34.
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Mohammadi, Hossein. "Land Readjustment in Challenging Contexts: A Case Study of Informal Settlements in Kabul, Afghanistan." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75656.
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Using the case of Kabul, the thesis examines land readjustment in challenging contexts with complicated land ownership, non-existent legal support, weak government capacity and unstable security conditions. By developing the theory and concept of Customised Land Readjustment, the research highlights how sustainable development can be facilitated through better management, financial, legal and technical strategies which ensure land tenure security and provision of required infrastructure. This supports improved quality of life while maintaining communities’ spatial integrity.
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Breshna, Zahra [Verfasser]. "Das historische Zentrum von Kabul, Afghanistan : Grundlagenermittlung für eine Strategie der Wiederbelebung / von Zahra Breshna." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987643169/34.
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Hopkins, B. "The transformation of the Kingdom of Kabul into the state of Afghanistan, c. 1793-1842." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604227.
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The dissertation focuses on the emergence and evolution of the state of Afghanistan at the beginning of the nineteenth century and its relations with neighbouring powers. Its central thesis argues the area now known as Afghanistan was previously integrated into regional political, cultural and trade patterns. The dissolution of the neighbouring Mughal and Safavid Empires, combined with the expansion of European empires in the area, set in motion the disintegration of these patterns. As the successor states of eighteenth century South Asia gave way to the power of the East India Company, a newly-independent Afghan polity found itself faced with an alien type of government. During the first half o the nineteenth century, the Company attempted to co-opt the Afghan polity into the British imperial system as a buffer state protecting the Indian frontier. The failure of this attempt, culminating in their defeat in the First Afghan War, prompted the British to change tack abruptly. The Afghan’s unwillingness to partake in the designs of the British Empire led the Company to follow a policy of containment, designed to isolate and exclude the perceived chaos of Afghanistan on the far side of the Khyber Pass. The Company’s containment strategy ultimately maginalized Afghanistan not only from the British imperial system, but the larger global network of trade and political intercourse based on that system. The study of the emergence of the Afghan state is therefore a study of its exclusion from the new patterns of global intercourse into which it had previously been integrated. This experience of exclusion was not unique to Afghanistan. Rather, Afghanistan’s ‘failed’ colonial encounter serves as a case study informing other areas which later faced similar experiences. As such, it addresses the larger regional history and the broader forces constructing the international order during this period. Finally, the difficulties faced by the Afghan political community in constructing a ‘modern’ state were offset by the continued vibrancy of alternative social formations on the periphery of an increasingly Eurocentric world. These formations offered another space for the construction of political identity which at times threatened, at times buttressed that of the state.
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Safi, Zikrullah [Verfasser]. "Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency in urban and peri-urban agriculture of Kabul, Afghanistan / Zikrullah Safi." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1012867978/34.
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Sherani, Kulsoom Saffarudin. "Public and Private Schools in Afghanistan : Comparing some aspects of public and private schools in Kabul city." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33823.
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The aim of this study is to explore similarities and differences between private and public schools in Kabul city. Data was collected using questioner and structured interviews. Principals, teachers, parents and students of grade six were the participants of the research. This research focuses on: Curricula, textbooks, and media of instruction, teachers’ education and experiences as well as student’s gender, socio-economic background and distribution within the two types of schools. Advantages of private schools over public schools were also studied from the perspective of teachers, students and parents. During this research, some important points of similarities and differences were found, such as discipline, daily study time in schools, parental involvement, completion of syllabi, students’ parents’ socio-economic background, and teachers’ views on the growth of private schools, etc. It was found that classroom facilities, parental involvement, completion of syllabi are better in private schools than public schools. In private schools, additional textbooks on science, computer and English language are taught. In public schools, on the other hand, due to the short time of study, students are unable to finish all subjects in the respective academic year. While both of the school types follow ministry of education defined curriculum. There is a mix approach towards both the school types by the middle class members of the society. Meanwhile Private schools may be exploiting their teachers for giving them lesser salaries as compared to the teachers of the public schools. Private school teachers are paid less salary than the business value a private school may have; despite the fact that they teach for longer hours during the day. As Afghanistan is already suffering from difference of opinions on national and international issues because of the different curriculums taught in different schools by different organizations during the war. Some of the differences found in this research as well are of significance and may lead to the graduation of students with additional advantages of stronger English and IT skills. This could disadvantage the public school students.
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Sayed, Sayed Maqbool [Verfasser]. "Challenges of urban management in a post-conflict situation: the case of Kabul, Afghanistan / Sayed Maqbool Sayed." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1151446416/34.
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Karimi, Mohammad Ali. "“The West Side Story”: Urban Communication and the Social Exclusion of the Hazara People in West Kabul." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20322.
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Within the framework of urban communication, this thesis attempts to "read" the urban space of West Kabul in Afghanistan, as a social and cultural text in order to understand the social exclusion of the Hazara people, a socially and politically disenfranchised ethnic group who predominantly inhabit that area. Based on data gathered through documentary research and non-participant field observations, this thesis argues that the urban space of West Kabul is the spatial manifestation of a systematic exclusionary process, through which, the Hazara people have been deprived from access to political, economic and cultural resources, services and opportunities. It interprets the city planning, distribution of resources, urbicide, streetscape, architecture and the body as the main sites where the social exclusion of the Hazaras in West Kabul is exercised. This study also provides a discussion about the historical evolution of West Kabul as an ethnic ghetto, as well as the various forms of conflict which led to spatial and social division in Kabul city.
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Hadi, Manizha. "An analysis of policy and social factors impacting the uptake of sexual and reproductive health services in Kabul, Afghanistan." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11862/.
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Research Question: What factors at individual, health service provision and system levels are influencing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) service uptake? Rationale: In many Afghan ethnic groups, girls and women face heavier risks of disease and infection than men. Their diminished economic and social status compromises their ability to select healthier life strategies and access to sexual reproductive health (SRH) services. The Afghan government estimates a high maternal mortality ratio (327/100,000 live births) in Afghanistan. However, due to inadequate reliability of data, the true maternal mortality and morbidity ratio remain unknown. A deeper understanding of the policy and social factors that impact on poor SRH service uptake would help the development of applicable and successful SRH Policy and frame applicable and appropriate approaches for sustainable SRH service uptake in Afghanistan. Method: It is a qualitative policy analysis using the ‘Broader Framework of Thinking’ by Walt and Gilson (1994) and a variety of data collection methods. Data was collected from 450 participants (Patients 223, Family members 72, Health service providers 63, Governmental staff 31, Coordinating organisation staff 17, Religious leaders 11, Health-promoters 13, Psychosocial counsellors 20) by conducting interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, life narratives, document reviews and an audit of medical records. Findings: My results show the key factors underlying women’s poor health were a lack of knowledge about SRH, poor communication, and a lack of honour and trust both between individuals and within the health system. In addition, research findings highlighted that depression, multi-pregnancies, childbirth complications, anemia, malnutrition, sexually transmitted infections and interpersonal violence were routine for women. It clearly shows gaps within SRH Policy design and implementation and health service provision. These gaps are associated with social factors, which negatively impact on access and utilisation of proper SRH services Conclusions and Recommendations: This research analysed national reproductive health Policy (NRHP) and explored the impact of multifaceted social factors on SRH service uptake. In complex health systems recommending solutions require distinguishing between types of problems and a specific time-scale to improve SRH service uptake.
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Eikås, Elisabet. ""It is open, but not so open" : gaining access to participation among Kabuli youths /." Oslo : Department of Social Anthropology, Universitetet i Oslo, 2007. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/sai/2007/53789/xitxisxopenxxbutxnotxsoxopenxx-xgainingxaccessxtoxparticipationxamongxKabulixyouths.pdf.
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Ghulami, Masoud. "Évaluation des impacts du changement climatique sur la ressource en eau et l'agriculture dans le bassin à faibles données disponibles, Kaboul, Afghanistan." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4135/document.
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L'Afghanistan est un pays semi-aride et montagneux qui a fait face à trois décennies de conflit. C'est l'un des pays les plus vulnérables au changement climatique car il a une capacité très limitée à faire face aux impacts du changement climatique. Il a également été considéré comme une région qui manque de données à la fois temporellement et spatialement avec une capacité limitée à mesurer les paramètres hydrométéorologiques avec des jauges in situ. L'étude actuelle se concentre sur le bassin de Kaboul qui se trouve dans le quart nord-est de l'Afghanistan. Il représente trente-cinq pour cent de l'approvisionnement en eau de la population et a le taux de croissance de la population le plus rapide du pays. L'objectif principal de cette étude est de comprendre les impacts du changement climatique sur les ressources en eau et l'agriculture. Pour comprendre l'impact sur les ressources en eau, l'évaluation des performances des ensembles de données mondiales / produits télédétectés est étudiée afin de générer des ensembles de données sur les précipitations et la température pour la période de référence des études sur les changements climatiques et le développement du modèle hydrologique. Ensuite, un modèle hydrologique est sélectionné pour comprendre la réponse hydrologique du bassin de Kaboul et les projections futures de la disponibilité de l'eau en utilisant les projections climatiques futures. Pour comprendre l'impact sur l'agriculture, une étude sur la perception des agriculteurs sur le changement climatique et ses impacts sur leur agriculture est entreprise. Deuxièmement, un modèle de culture est utilisé pour évaluer les impacts du changement climatique sur le rendement du bléAfghanistan is a semi-arid and mountainous country which faced three decades of conflict. It is one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change as it has very limited capacity to address the impacts of climate change. It has been also considered as a data-scarce region both temporally and spatially with limited capability to measure hydro-meteorological parameters with in situ gauges. The current study focuses on Kabul basin which lies in the northeast quarter of Afghanistan. It accounts for thirty-five percent of the population’s water supply, and has the fastest population growth rate in the country. The main objective of this study is to understand the impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture. To understand the impact on water resource, first of all, the performance evaluation of global datasets/remote sensed products is investigated in order to generate precipitation and temperature datasets for baseline period of climate change studies and developing hydrological model. Then a hydrological model is selected to understand hydrologic response of the Kabul basin and future projections of water availability using future climate projections. To understand the impact on agriculture, a study on farmers’ perception about climate change and its impacts on their agriculture is undertaken. Secondly, a crop model is used to evaluate the impacts of climate change on wheat yield
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Azizi, Hemayatullah. "Using pattern language for a single family house: teaching a beginning architecture design studio at Kabul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Architecture." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8858.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Architecture
Donald J. Watts
This thesis assesses concepts of architectural education both globally and regionally but ultimately presents a pedagogy aimed at the special needs of Afghan architectural education that will serve the needs of Afghan society. It is the author’s hope that this thesis may aptly establish the first steps for a renewed architectural education at Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan. The essence of this thesis presents a carefully reasoned and detailed educational strategy for teaching beginning architectural design. The new curriculum in the Department of Architecture at Kabul University requires new syllabi to achieve higher academic standards. The new design course syllabus should address the existing problems of Afghan society. This thesis begins by understanding the context and the current problems confronting the Kabul University Department of Architecture. It is by understanding these problems that I can begin to identify a solution. Understanding the Kabul Municipality rules and regulations, familiarity with beginning design terminology, a carefully stated and sequenced course description promoting gradual student improvement, understanding interrelationships between the interior spaces, environmental sustainable design, and finally introducing a new generation of conscientious architects to Afghan society are some of the main objectives for designing this course. Identifying the best strategy for teaching this course was a primary research question. Christopher Alexander’s great work, A Pattern Language inspired me to select it as the best methodology for my research. My early research focused upon the creation of a new syllabus for the first semester of architectural design at Kabul University. This new syllabus was launched during the first semester of 2009 in Kabul where I taught the new course alongside a junior Afghan faculty member. Establishing the new course materials for the first semester set the stage for my primary focus of this thesis. That is the creation of the second semester architectural design course using pattern language as my pedagogical framework. This pedagogy is fundamental for establishing architectural studies focused upon meaningful new academic criteria. The ultimate aim of my thesis is to lay the foundation stone for the reincarnation of Afghan architectural identity.
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Khaki, Nahid [Verfasser]. "Demokratieerziehung im Rahmen der UNESCO - eine explorative Studie am Beispiel der Sekundarstufen im Raum Kabul/ Afghanistan - 2. überarbeitete Auflage als Dissertationsarbeit / Nahid Khaki." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036345785/34.
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Maroof, Zabihullah. "The effects of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of pneumonia in infants and young children in Kabul, Afghanistan : a double blind randomized controlled trial." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2011. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682431/.
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Afghanistan has one of the highest infant mortalities in the world, and pneumonia is one of the main killers. Moreover, Dietary intake of vitamin D is low and exposure to sunlight is limited due to widespread use of Burqa by women. Two studies in Ethiopia and India suggest that vitamin D deficiency may substantially increase the risk of severe pneumonia among children under-5. Thus a randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess effects ofvitamin Don the incidence of pneumonia. The study was conducted on 3046 children aged 1-11 months (approximately 1500 per arm), in Kabul, Afghanistan. Intervention group was given quarterly 100.000 IU vitamin D (6 doses in total), and control arm received placebo (olive oil). Active and passive surveillance of pneumonia was done for 18 months. Time to the first episode in the Vitamin D group was compared to that in the placebo group using log rank tests and proportional hazards models. The incidence rate ratio for the episodes of pneumonia was calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. Vitamin D had no effect on the incidence of first or only episode of x-ray confirmed pneumonia (RR= 1.06, 95% CI: 0.89- 1.27; p=0.47). The incidence of repeat episodes of xray confirmed pneumonia was higher in the vitamin D group (RR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.28 - 2.21; p <0.00 1 ). Infants 6-12 months old had a higher incidence of pneumonia compared to those <6 months old (RR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.12- 3.63). Children of fathers without any formal education had a higher incidence of repeat episodes of pneumonia compared to children of fathers having any formal education (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.20- 2.29). Vitamin D supplementation is not useful to reduce the incidence of pneumonia in children. The effective implementation of measles, OPT, Hib, and pneumococcal vaccines, and IMCI guidelines remain the key strategy to reduce the burden of pneumonia in Afghanistan.
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Birkenmaier, Helmut [Verfasser]. "Traumamanagement unter militärischen Einsatzbedingungen: Ein prospektiver Vergleich der Versorgungsqualität zwischen dem deutschen Feldlazarett in Kabul, Afghanistan mit dem Traumaregister der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie (DGU) / Helmut Birkenmaier." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045278378/34.
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Shnizai, Zakeria. "Active tectonics and seismic hazard assessment of Afghanistan and slip-rate estimation of the Chaman fault based on cosmogonic 10Be dating." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13155965/?lang=0, 2020. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13155965/?lang=0.
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This dissertation focuses on the active tectonics of Afghanistan|slip-rate estimation of the Chaman fault and assessing seismic hazard in the Kabul basin. Afghanistan is a tectonically complex zone developed as a result of the collision between the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate to the southeast and the Arabian plate to the south. For seismic hazard mitigation|there is no large-scale active fault map in Afghanistan. I|therefore|mapped active and presumed active faults mainly based on interpretation of 1-arcsecond SRTM anaglyph images|and calculate the slip rate of the Chaman fautl based on 10Be TCN dating.博士(理学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Science
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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Azimi, Mastoura. "La didactique de l’écrit en FLE dans le contexte afghan : Enjeux et perspectives : Le cas des étudiants afghans de l’université de Kaboul." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2003.
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L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est l’étude de la didactique de l’écrit en français comme langue étrangère (FLE) dans le contexte afghan. L’étude a été menée à travers les copies d’un groupe d’étudiants afghans du Département de français de l’université de Kaboul.L’enseignement du français, avec une ancienneté de plus d’un siècle, est repris et est pratiqué dans plusieurs centres à Kaboul et dans quelques provinces. Au niveau universitaire, le Département de français, un des dix départements de langues de la faculté des lettres de l’université de Kaboul, reçoit, depuis 50 ans, les étudiants afghans. Ceux-ci, héritiers d’une culture d’apprentissage traditionnelle et attachés à des idées et à des coutumes anciennes, sont confrontés à un enseignement très différent : communicatif voire actionnel. Dès lors, le processus d’enseignement se trouve fragilisé et les élèves se montrent particulièrement réfractaires à une proposition d'enseignement reposant sur une nouvelle méthodologie. Face à ces étudiants qui ont des profils très différents (niveau socioculturel, profil linguistique, convictions religieuses, origines ethnique et géographique, etc.), comment, en tant qu’enseignant de FLE, peut-on proposer un enseignement efficace du français ? Comment peut-on participer à l’ouverture culturelle des étudiants à travers notre enseignement ? Quels sont les facteurs qui influencent fortement le niveau linguistique initial de nos étudiants ? Puis, quels sont les facteurs qui influent sur leur apprentissage ? Ces questions découlent de la question générale suivante : comment améliorer l’enseignement/apprentissage de la compétence écrite auprès des étudiants du Département de français de l’université de Kaboul ? Pour trouver des éléments de réponse à ces problématiques, nous avons basé toute notre étude sur une observation détaillée du contexte d’apprentissage, du profil des apprenants et de leurs productions écrites, à tous les niveaux du cursus de ce Département de français. Nous avons cherché, ainsi, à déterminer quelles stratégies pourrons-nous adopter pour faire avancer les étudiants afghans vers une meilleure correction de l’écrit ?This aim of this research was to study the writing didactics of French as a foreign language (FLE) in the Afghan context. The study was conducted through the written work of Afghan students group from the French Department of Kabul University. The teaching of French language with more than a century antiquity is retaken and practiced at several centres in Kabul as well as in some provinces. Furthermore, at university level, the French Department, which is one of 10 departments of literature faculty of Kabul University, is engaged with teaching of French language for over 50 years to the Afghan students. Indeed, the elements of traditional learning culture with old ideas, and customs all together impact negatively the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the teaching process is significantly suffered from weaknesses. Another concern is the reluctance of students to the new teaching methodology proposals. Considering the students socio-cultural background, linguistic abilities, religious beliefs, ethnic and geographical origin, to name a few, how as a teacher of FLE, we can promote an effective French language teaching approach? How we can participate in the cultural opening of students through our teaching? What are the factors that strongly influence the initial language level of our students? Subsequently, what are the factors that influence their learning? These questions are arising from the following major question: how to improve the teaching / learning of written French in order to maximize students’ benefits of the French Department? In order to address to these issues, we have based our entire study on a detailed observation of learning context, learners 'profile and learners' productions, at all levels of the French Department's curriculum of Kabul University. In addition, we are searching to determine which strategy could we adopt to move forward the Afghan students towards better writing correction?
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Issa, Christine [Verfasser]. "Baukultur als Symbol nationaler Identität : das Beispiel Kabul, Afghanistan / vorgelegt von Christine Issa." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1002807069/34.
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Brunori, María Eliana. "La representación del sometimiento de la mujer afgana en narraciones post 11/9." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/6512.
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Este trabajo de investigación examina la representación del sometimiento de la
mujer afgana en tres obras: A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007) de Khaled Hosseini, Les
hirondelles de Kaboul (2002) de Yasmina Khadra y Behind the Burqa: Our Life in
Afghanistan and How We Escaped to Freedom (2002) de Batya Swift Yasgur. Los
objetivos de este trabajo han sido: identificar la manera en que se representa a la mujer
afgana, su sometimiento y a la cultura musulmana; examinar el rol asignado al Islam y
a las coyunturas históricas, políticas y socio-culturales para explicar dicha opresión e
identificar en las obras valoraciones positivas de la cultura occidental en detrimento de
la correspondiente valoración de la cultura musulmana que actúan como potenciales
justificaciones de la invasión de Afganistán. Se realizó un análisis de contenido desde
una perspectiva comparatista ya que las tres obras comparten el mismo eje temático: el
padecimiento del pueblo afgano, especialmente de la mujer, antes del ascenso al poder
de los talibán y durante dicho régimen. Se efectuó una lectura situada en el nuevo
orientalismo, tratando de observar la presencia de prejuicios esencializadores y
simplistas que reducen la situación de la mujer y una cultura compleja a
generalizaciones. Además, se identificaron los estereotipos presentes en la
configuración de los personajes femeninos teniendo en cuenta la teoría feminista
postcolonial y su análisis de la mujer del Tercer Mundo. Asimismo, se observaron las
formas de resistencia (o su ausencia) ofrecidas por los personajes y cuán exitosas
resultan. Finalmente, se analizó la manera en que estas descripciones honran a
Occidente y sus costumbres y su potencial para la legitimación de intervención
extranjera en tierra afgana. Los resultados demuestran que en las tres obras hay
elementos que pueden enmarcarse en la nueva narrativa orientalista, especialmente en
la valoración del estilo de vida occidental. Algunos de los personajes femeninos no
logran ofrecer resistencia a la subyugación impuesta y aquellos que sí intentan liberarse
fracasan, por lo que Occidente –presentado como cultura digna a emular– emerge como
agente ineludible para rescatar a las mujeres afganas.
28
Farooq, Jan. "Palynological studies and Holocene ecosystem dynamics in north western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-8741-2.
Full textAbstract:
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (31 ° 49'N, 70 ° 55'E bis 35 ° 50'N, 71 ° 47'E) liegt im Nordwesten Pakistans im Süden Asiens. Das Hindukusch-Gebirge in Afghanistan liegt im Westen, dem indischen Himalaya im Nordosten und die Karakorum Berge südlich vom tibetischen Hochland auf der Nordseite. Diese Arbeit besteht überwiegend aus drei separaten Studien entlang eines 200 km langen Transekts mit einem Höhengradienten ausgehend von den Sedimentbecken im Peshawar Tal (275 m ü.M.) bis hinauf zu den Malam Jabba Hills im Swat-Tal (2600 m ü.M.).
Die erste Studie, die auf einer Datengrundlage von 160 Poaceae Arten beruht, zeigt Trends, dass polyploide C3- und C4-Poaceae-Arten größere Pollenkkörner als die jeweiligen diploiden Arten haben. In diesem Datensatz haben alle C4-Arten größere Pollenkörner als die C3-Arten. Ob Grassländer von C3 oder C4 Arten dominiert werden kann in verschiedenen Regionen und Lebensräumen durch die Untersuchung der Muster des Trends von zu- oder abnehmenden Pollenkorngrößen ermittelt werden. In unserem Datensatz ist Polyploidie bei C4-Gräsern häufiger als bei den C3 Arten. Die verwendete Methode kann auf Poaceae-Pollenkörner in Umweltarchiven angewendet werden, um das Klima der Vergangenheit zu rekonstruieren und die Dynamik der früheren Graslandökosysteme zu bewerten. Dieser Ansatz wird nicht nur bei laufenden paläoökologischen Studien helfen aufzuklären, wie die Änderungen der Vegetations-zusammensetzung und die Veränderungen in Biomen vergangener Graslandökosysteme zu entschlüsseln sind, sondern auch nützliche Erkenntnisse für die Vorhersage zukünftiger Entwicklungen ermöglichen.
Die zweite Studie befasst sich mit modernen Pollenspektren aus Oberflächenproben und ihre Beziehung zu der umgebenden Vegetation, die nützliche Daten für die Interpretation von holozänen Pollenprofilen bietet. Dabei konnten entlang eines 200 km langen Höhengradienten vier verschiedene Höhenstufen unterschieden werden, wo die dominierenden Pflanzenfamilien, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Verbenaceae, Acanthaceae und Euphorbiaceae eine signifikante Korrelation mit dem gefunden Pollenniederschlag hatten, während sich bei anderen Familien, den Boraginaceae, Saxifragaceae, Apiaceae, Balsaminaceae und Rubiaceae große Unterschiede zu der zugehörigen Vegetationszusammensetzung ergaben. Für die Kalibrierung und Interpretation fossiler Pollendaten sollte also immer auch die aktuellen Beziehungen von Pollenniederschlag und Vegetationsdaten zumindest auf der Familienebene berücksichtigt werden.
Die dritte Studie befasst sich mit einem Pollenprofil aus der Kabal Swat-Region, welches eine detaillierte Geschichte der Vegetation und des Klimas des Hindukuschs der letzten 3300 Jahre, also dem späten Holozäns enthält. Von 3300 bis 2400 cal BP, war eine subtropische semiaride krautige Vegetation hauptsächlich durch Cyperaceae- und Poaceae-Arten vertreten. Sie wurde ersetzt von gemischten Nadelwäldern mit Taxus, Pinus, sowie Juglans, Poaceae und Cyperaceae während der Zeit von 2400 bis 900 cal BP, was auf eine vergleichsweise moderate Klimaschwankung während des späten Holozäns weist. Der Rückgang der Poaceae von 2400 bis1500 cal BP und eine erneute Zunahme von 1500 bis 1200 cal BP Jahre zeigen, dass das Kabal Swat nass-kühlere und trocken-wärmere Phasen durchmachte. Nadelbäume in den gemischten Nadelwäldern treten heute bei größeren Höhe im alpinen Bereich auf. Weitere hochauflösende holozäne Pollenprofile des Hindukusch sind notwendig, um einen ausführlicheren Vergleich zu anderen süd- und zentralasiatischen Paläo-Archiven zu ermöglichen, die auch ein detaillierteres und anwendbares Wissen für Management und Naturschutzfragen ergeben.