Journal articles: 'Kabul (afghanistan)'

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Susilowati, Ida, Muhammad Fauzi, Regga Fajar Hidayat, and Thoriq Nabeel. "Potensi Kerjasama Ekonomi dan Keamanan India–Afghanistan Paska Kemenangan Taliban Tahun 2021." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Indonesia (JISI) 2, no. 2 (February 24, 2022): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jisi.v2i2.24956.

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Abstract. The internal conflict between the Afghan government and the Taliban has been going on for a long time, and in mid-August 2021 the Taliban succeeded in taking over the Afghan government in Kabul. Various countries began to respond to the event, especially countries that have established diplomatic, economic and military cooperation with Afghanistan, including India. This article aims to analyze the potential for bilateral cooperation in the economic and security fields between India and Afghanistan, especially after the Taliban's success in occupying Kabul and announcing the Afghan government under the Taliban. Qualitative research with descriptive analytical methods is applied in this research, based on data sources obtained through literature study techniques. This research shows that India has the potential to take a policy to continue to cooperate with Afghanistan in the economic and security fields. This due to India's national interest in Afghanistan such as controlling Afghanistan's mineral resources and realizing India as a regional power in the South Asian region. Keywords: National Interest, Bilateral Cooperation, India, Afghanistan, Taliban. Abstrak. Konflik internal antara pemerintah Afganistan dan Taliban telah berlangsung sejak lama, dan di pertengahan bulan Agustus 2021 Taliban berhasil mengambil alih pemerintahan Afghanistan di Kabul. Berbagai negara mulai merespon peristiwa tersebut, terutama negara-negara yang menjalin kerjasama diplomatik, ekonomi dan militer dengan Afghanistan tidak terkecuali India. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi kerjasama bilateral di bidang ekonomi dan keamanan antara India dengan Afganistan, terutama paska keberhasilan Taliban menduduki Kabul dan mengumumkan pemerintahan Afghanistan dibawah Taliban. Penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis diterapkan dalam penelitian ini, berdasarkan sumber-sumber data yang diperoleh melalui teknik studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa India berpotensi mengambil kebijakan untuk tetap bekerjasama dengan Afghanistan di bidang ekonomi dan keamanan. Hal tersebut tidak terlepas dari kepentingan nasional India terhadap Afghanistan seperti menguasai sumber daya mineral Afganistan dan mewujudkan India sebagai regional power di kawasan Asia Selatan.Kata Kunci: Kepentingan Nasional, Kerjasama Bilateral, India, Afghanistan, Taliban.

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Sagui, Emmanuel, Lénaïck Ollivier, Tiphaine Gaillard, Fabrice Simon, Patrick Brisou, Philippe Puech, and Alain Todesco. "Outbreak of Pertussis, Kabul, Afghanistan." Emerging Infectious Diseases 14, no. 7 (July 2008): 1173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1407.071329.

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Reithinger, Richard, Mohammad Mohsen, Khoksar Aadil, Majeed Sidiqi, Panna Erasmus, and Paul G. Coleman. "Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Kabul, Afghanistan." Emerging Infectious Diseases 9, no. 6 (June 2003): 727–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid0906.030026.

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Faheem, Farrukh, Sajjad Hussain, and Muhammad Tariq Rasheed Qmar. "The US withdrawal from Afghanistan and its impacts on the Pak-Afghan relationship." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 540–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/3.1.37.

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How to fix Afghanistan's challenges is one of the most talked-about issues of the 21st century. With its incredible nature and immense scale of being a safe haven for terrorists, the Afghanistan conundrum warrants all the thought it gets. The US hasty attack and abrupt withdrawal from Afghanistan affected the neighbouring states somehow and others. Pakistan is the most affected among these countries because of its chaotic past relationship. In the latest situation since the US retreat from Afghanistan, bordering countries have been trying to pull Afghanistan out of its misery. To achieve this goal, Pakistan had been trying to peacefully give passage to the US to leave and help the Taliban to assume control of Kabul. This is an uphill task because other regional and global powers have agendas to reshape Afghanistan’s future. On the other hand, for Afghanistan, common players, for instance, Pakistan, India, China, and Russia, have consistently been reconsidering their ways of meeting their national points of interest or terminations. This study investigates the Afghan harmony procedure and regional and global players waiting for the US withdrawal procedure and how it would affect Pakistan's future relationship with Afghanistan.

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Le Riche, P. D., A. K. Soe, Q. Alemzada, and L. Sharifi. "Parasites of dogs in Kabul, Afghanistan." British Veterinary Journal 144, no. 4 (July 1988): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(88)90067-x.

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Nasimi, M. Najim. "Climate and Water Resources Variation in Afghanistan and the Need for Urgent Adaptation Measures." International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26855/ijfsa.2020.03.009.

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Milani, Mohsen M. "Iran's Policy Towards Afghanistan." Middle East Journal 60, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 235–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/60.2.12.

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Since 1979, Iran's objectives in Afghanistan have changed as Afghanistan's domestic landscape changed. Still, Iran has consistently sought to see a stable and independent Afghanistan, with Herat as a buffer zone and with a Tehran-friendly government in Kabul, a government that reflects the rich ethnic diversity of the country. Toward those and other goals, Iran has created “spheres of influence” inside Afghanistan. During the Soviet occupation (1979-88), Iran created an “ideological sphere of influence” by empowering the Shi'ites. Iran then created a “political sphere of influence” by unifying the Dari/Persian-speaking minorities, who ascended to power. Iranian policies added fuel to the ferocious civil war in the 1990s. Astonishingly slow to recognize the threat posed by the Taliban, Iran helped create a “sphere of resistance” to counter the “Kabul-Islamabad-Riyadh” axis by supporting the Northern Alliance. Since the liberation of Afghanistan, Iran has also established an “economic sphere of influence” by engaging in the reconstruction of Afghanistan. Today, Iran's goals are to pressure the Afghan government to distance itself from Washington, and for Iran to become the hub for the transit of goods and services between the Persian Gulf and Afghanistan, Central Asia, India, and China. While Iran has been guilty of extremism and adventurism in some critical aspects of its foreign policy, its overall Afghan policy has contributed more to moderation and stability than to extremism and instability.

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TIKHONOV, Yuriy Nikolayevich. "SOVIET-AFGHANIAN NEGOTIATIONS ABOUT THE PASTURE CONVENTION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE “GREAT GAME” IN CENTRAL ASIA ON THE EVE OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR (1935–1939)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 174 (2018): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-174-203-209.

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The results of the study of the new declassified documents of Russian archives lead to the conclusion that under the influence of “world politics” there were all directions of Afghanistan’s foreign policy. The history of Soviet-Afghan relations on the eve of the Second World War convincingly proves the fact that in the relations of Afghanistan with the Great Powers of that time there were no spheres of cooperation that would not be used by foreign states in the struggle for the “Afghan bridgehead”. A striking proof of this is the attempt of the Soviet government in the 1930s to coordinate the issue of grazing of Afghan herds on Turkmen pastures with a whole range of measures aimed at strengthening the positions of Germany and Japan in Afghanistan. Soviet diplomacy repeatedly asked Kabul about the pastoral convention to speed up the signing of the necessary Soviet treaties with Afghanistan. In 1936 the question of concluding a grazing convention was repeatedly raised during the negotiations on the extension of the Kabul Pact of 1931 (the Neutrality and Mutual Non-Aggression Treaty of 1931) and the conclusion of a general trade agreement with Afghanistan, through which the USSR sought to economically supplant German and Japanese goods from the market of Northern Afghanistan.

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Erfan, Ozair, Gulbahar Taka, and Hosna Qaderyar. "Prevalence of Dental Crowding in the Kabul Dental Hospital, Kabul-Afghanistan." European Journal of Dental and Oral Health 2, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdent.2021.2.3.65.

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Background: Dental crowding, also called overcrowding, is a condition in which there is not enough space in the mouth for the steady growth of permanent teeth. Common problems that crowding can cause for a person include difficulty chewing food, speech problems, tooth decay, enamel loss, premature tooth loss, pressure on the jaws and pain, gingival resorption, and tenderness. Crowding always creates an unpleasant appearance for a person and even causes a person to be isolated from society and reduce self-confidence due to an ugly appearance. Crowding raises serious functional and aesthetic concerns for many patients. Aims: Conduct a descriptive study in this field with 1000 patients of the (OPD) Outpatient Department of Kabul Dental Hospital on the prevalence of crowding and to finding the relationship between the incidence of crowding according to the upper and lower jaws and the anterior and posterior segments of each jaw. Methods and materials: The sampling method were systematic random sampling that 1000 people were randomly selected from all OPD service clients during nine months and were included in the study. The required information was obtained by clinical examination of patients above the dental unit, under adequate light and the kit of dental examination equipment with direct clinical examination of the patient, and a pre-prepared questionnaire was inserted. The information obtained from the questionnaire reached the coding page, and it was entered into IBM_SPSS-25 software, and its analysis was performed. Results: From the results of this study, it was found that the prevalence of crowding was 59.1%, with the highest incidence of 28.6% in the lower jaw. Also, the highest rate of crowding events was 44.9% in the anterior segment of the mandible. Crowding events were received in the upper jaw 12.7%, with the highest incidence of 29.3% in the anterior segment.

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Susilowati, Ida, S. Thoriq Musthofa Ahmad, Sepana Virqiyan, and Azzam El Zahidin. "Analisa Kebijakan Ekonomi Politik Russia Terhadap Pemerintahan Afghanistan Pasca Kemenangan Taliban Tahun 2021." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 9, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i2.22788.

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This paper analyzes Russia's foreign policy toward the Afghan government following the Taliban's triumph. The Taliban armed group's successful takeover of the Afghan government in Kabul without resorting to violence has sparked global political interest today. Numerous comments from countries around the world, including Russia, began to surface. The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth examination of Russia's economic and political actions toward the Afghan government following the Taliban's triumph. The study's findings indicate that the Russian government's policy toward the Taliban government is reasonably supportive, despite the fact that Russia has not officially recognized the Taliban leadership in Afghanistan. Russia financially and diplomatically supports the Taliban in order for the Taliban's authority over Afghanistan to be acknowledged by other countries and the international community. Russian policy is inextricably linked to Russia's political and economic interests in Afghanistan, which are based on Afghanistan's geostrategic and geopolitical importance to Russia.Keywords: Russian foreign policy, Taliban victory, Russia-Afghanistan Bilateral Relations AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang analisis kebijakan luar negeri Rusia terhadap pemerintahan Afghansitan pasca kemenangan Taliban. Aksi kelompok milisi Taliban yang berhasil mengambil alih pemerintahan Afghanistan di Kabul tanpa adanya pertumpahan darah, menjadi isu yang cukup menarik perhatian politik global saat ini. Berbagai respon dari negara-negara di dunia mulai muncul, termasuk di antaranya negara Rusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara mendalam kebijakan ekonomi dan politik Rusia terhadap pemerintahan Afghanistan pasca kemenangan Taliban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan pemerintah Rusia yang relatif mendukung pemerintahan taliban, meskipun Rusia belum mengakui secara resmi pemerintahan Taliban di Afghanistan. Rusia mendukung Taliban baik secara ekonomi maupun politik, agar pemerintahan Taliban atas Afghanistan di akui oleh negara-negara lain dan masyarakat global. Kebijakan Rusia tidak terlepas dari kepentingan politik dan ekonomi Rusia di Afghanistan berdasarkan letak geostrategis sekaligus geopolitik Afghanistan bagi Rusia.Kata Kunci: kebijakan luar negeri Rusia, Kemenangan Taliban, Hubungan Bilateral Russia-Afghanistan

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Taylor, Natalie, and D. Ross. "Fumes and faeces in Kabul." BMJ Military Health 166, no. 3 (June 2, 2019): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2018-000951.

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Soldiers deploy worldwide, often in hostile and remote locations. Considerable effort is made to ensure British soldiers deploy to locations with the correct force health protection, such as vaccinations and antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. British soldiers are currently serving, among other places, in Kabul, Afghanistan. The poor air quality in this area is something that cannot be easily mitigated, other than advising to minimise time spent outdoors. This article reviews the data from a self-reported questionnaire about the respiratory symptoms soldiers experienced while serving in Kabul. It appears that during their deployment up to 90% of soldiers experienced nasal congestion, among other things. A detailed air quality study in the capital of Afghanistan may help us to better understand the reported symptoms and, if attributed to the air quality, to help provide better advice to those soldiers in the future.

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Towfiq Rahmani, Mohammad. "The Artistic Characters and Applied Materials of Buddhist Temples in Kabul and Tapa Sardar (Sardar Hill) Ghazni of Afghanistan." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i2.815.

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Kabul and Ghazni Buddhist Temple expresses Kushani Buddhist civilization in Afghanistan and also reflexes Buddhist religion’s thoughts at the era with acquisitive moves. The aim of this article is introducing artistic characters of Kabul Buddhist temples and Tapa Sardar Hill of Ghazni Buddhist Temple in which shows abroad effects of Buddhist religion in Afghanistan history and the importance of this issue is to determine characters of temple style with applied materials. The results of this research can present character of Buddhist Temples in Afghanistan, thoughts of establishment and artificial difference with applied materials.Buddhist religion in Afghanistan penetrated and developed based on Mahayana religious thoughts. Artistic work of Kabul and Tapa Sardar Hill of Ghazni Buddhist Temples are different from the point of artistic style and material applied; Bagram Artistic works are made in style of Garico Buddhic and Garico Kushan but Tapa Narenj Hill artistic works are made based on Buddhist regulation and are seen as ethnical and Hellenistic style. There are similarities among Bagram and Tapa Sardar Hill of Ghani Buddhist Temples but most differentiates are set on statues in which Tapa Sardar Hill of Ghazni statue is lied in which is different from sit and stand still statues of Bagram. The writer suggests mend and remake of Kabul and Ghazni Buddhist works to maintain Buddhist artistic history in Afghanistan.

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Maley, William, and Ahmad Shuja Jamal. "Diplomacy of Disaster: The Afghanistan ‘Peace Process’ and the Taliban Occupation of Kabul." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 17, no. 1 (February 17, 2022): 32–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10089.

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Summary On 29 February 2020 in Doha, the United States signed an ‘Agreement for Bringing Peace to Afghanistan’ with the extremist Taliban movement. Yet on 15 August 2021, the Taliban seized control of Afghanistan’s capital, Kabul. This article argues that the Doha Agreement did not simply precede the Taliban takeover; in significant ways it contributed to it. In its negotiation, content and implementation, it created destructive incentives for domestic and international parties, and it had effects on mass psychology in Afghanistan that its creators seemed not to have anticipated or understood. In that sense, it serves as a cautionary tale about the danger of assuming that negotiated ‘diplomatic solutions’ are necessarily superior to messy alternatives. The closest 20th-century equivalent was the Munich Agreement of September 1938.

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Garcia-Hejl, C., C. Martinaud, S. de Rudnicki, N. Sanmartin, B. Clavier, D. Chianea, and P. Vest. "Blood group antigens frequencies in Kabul, Afghanistan." Transfusion and Apheresis Science 50, no. 2 (April 2014): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2014.01.010.

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Mousavi, S. H., R. Roien, and A. A. Ramozi. "Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing in Kabul, Afghanistan." European Journal of Internal Medicine 55 (September 2018): e13-e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2018.06.013.

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HUSSAINI, Fatema, Ebrahim FARHADI, Ali HOSSEINI, and Ahmad POURAHMAD. "Investigating Land Use Change in Kabul, Afghanistan." Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning 13, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jssp.2022.2.01.

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Land use change and land cover are considered as some of the important and effective factors of global environmental change. Therefore, understanding and predicting the causes, processes, and consequences of land use change has become a major global challenge. Kabul is the most populated city in Afghanistan. The face of Kabul has changed after a relatively peaceful period since 2001. The purpose of this study is to analyze land use change in Kabul from 2001 to 2019. We used the quantitative approach to analyse data provided by satellite images of Kabul in 2001 and 2019 from Landsat 8 and 7. Data was processed in ERDAS IMAGINE and Arc Map software to results in the final output. Urban land cover was classified into four classes, namely built-up area, green area, empty space, and mountain, and land cover changes were detected. The results of the image comparison between 2001 and 2019 show that the aggregated built-up area and empty space land cover increased by 69.1749 sq km and, correspondingly, 45.2538 sq km, whereas the green area decreased by 113.4216 sq km. We concluded that land cover has changed improperly. The rate of urban green space per individual is currently very low. These results indicate that the city is in a critical urban situation and the government should provide a comprehensive plan for controlling urban growth and fixing the problems caused by improper land use change in the city.

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Lhost, Elizabeth. "Of Horizontal Exchanges and Inter-Islamic Inquiries." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-9127180.

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Abstract In 1924, the government of Afghanistan wrote to the Jam‘iyat ‘Ulama-yi Hind looking for legal justifications to support Emir Aman Allah Khan's (r. 1919–29) proposed reforms—particularly those relating to female education. Known for securing Afghanistan's independence from the British, and now recognized as a pioneering modernizer and renegade constitutional monarch, Aman Allah introduced a series of reforms during his reign that Faiz Ahmed has recently characterized as “a burgeoning model of Islamic legal modernism.” Yet the story of Afghanistan's experiments with Islamic legal modernism are greater and extend beyond the history of a single state. Taking the above claim about Afghanistan seriously, and in response to Ahmed's Afghanistan Rising this essay offers a close reading of the exchange between Kabul and Delhi to interrogate ideas about Islamic legal reform, Islamic modernity, and inter-Islamic circulations at the time of waning empires and rising nation-states.

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Johnson, Thomas H., and Ronald J. Barnhart. "An Examination of Afghanistan’s 2018 Wolesi Jirga Elections: Chaos, Confusion and Fraud." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 7, no. 1 (April 2020): 57–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797020906635.

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This article’s primarily focus concerns Afghanistan’s ‘democratic’ electoral processes and procedures. Fraud and other critical aspects of the 2018 election for the Wolesi Jirga, Afghanistan’s lower house of parliament, are systematically assessed and official election data and results are examined in depth. As witnessed in earlier Wolesi Jirga elections, this legislative election was duplicitous and unrepresentative. By definition, a democratic legislature serves as the voice of a country’s population. Assessing the voting results in Kabul, the largest and most important province, can summarise the problems of the election. The leading ‘vote getter’ in the Kabul Province got a mere 2.0 per cent of the vote—11,158 out of 666,478 votes cast. Twenty-six of the elected Wolesi Jirga legislators received less than 1 per cent of the vote. Only 23.5 per cent of Kabuli voters voted for a winning candidate. Overall, this article paints a bleak picture of the state of democracy in Afghanistan. The already restricted Afghan environment is further hindered by operational mismanagement by the Independent Election Commission (IEC) throughout the electoral process. The single non-transferable voting (SNTV) system again proved to be a disaster resulting in the vast majority of Afghans voting for losing candidates and winning candidates receiving few votes.

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Dr. Ghulam Mustafa, Dr. Mansoor Ahmed, and Aamir Junaid. "Role of China and Iran in Afghanistan Peace Process." sjesr 3, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss4-2020(424-432).

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China and Iran are the two important neighboring states of Afghanistan. Afghanistan shares a long border of 936 km with Iran but a small border of 76 km with China. China is the most rapidly growing economic and military power of the World with a large number of people. China has great economic, security, and political interests in Afghanistan. China is keen to get natural resources from Afghanistan. China is using regional organizations like SCO and SAARC to get closer to Afghanistan. China is trying to bring peace to Afghanistan so that Afghanistan could get economic benefits from Chinese expertise. Iran is another important state that has stakes in Afghanistan has a historical connection with Kabul. The ouster of the Taliban from power provided a chance to Iran to enhance its historical and cultural ties with Afghanistan. American presence on Iran's eastern border is a great worry for the religious-minded state of Iran. Iran has cordial relations with the Afghan government in Kabul and working on various projects in Afghanistan. Iran also has ties with hard-core militants of the Taliban. This paper highlights the relations of China and Iran with Afghanistan. This paper also shows the role of China and Iran in the Afghan peace process.

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Dr. Ghulam Mustafa, Dr. Mansoor Ahmed, and Aamir Junaid. "Role of China and Iran in Afghanistan Peace Process." sjesr 3, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss4-2020(424-432).

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China and Iran are the two important neighboring states of Afghanistan. Afghanistan shares a long border of 936 km with Iran but a small border of 76 km with China. China is the most rapidly growing economic and military power of the World with a large number of people. China has great economic, security, and political interests in Afghanistan. China is keen to get natural resources from Afghanistan. China is using regional organizations like SCO and SAARC to get closer to Afghanistan. China is trying to bring peace to Afghanistan so that Afghanistan could get economic benefits from Chinese expertise. Iran is another important state that has stakes in Afghanistan has a historical connection with Kabul. The ouster of the Taliban from power provided a chance to Iran to enhance its historical and cultural ties with Afghanistan. American presence on Iran's eastern border is a great worry for the religious-minded state of Iran. Iran has cordial relations with the Afghan government in Kabul and working on various projects in Afghanistan. Iran also has ties with hard-core militants of the Taliban. This paper highlights the relations of China and Iran with Afghanistan. This paper also shows the role of China and Iran in the Afghan peace process.

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Edwards, David B. "Summoning Muslims: Print, Politics, and Religious Ideology in Afghanistan." Journal of Asian Studies 52, no. 3 (August 1993): 609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058856.

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Gulbuddin hekmatyar made the above statement in a speech to Afghan refugees in Peshawar, Pakistan, in the early 1980s. As the leader (amīr) of Hizb-i Islami Afghanistan (the Islamic Party of Afghanistan), one of the principal Islamic parties then fighting to overthrow the Marxist regime in Afghanistan, Hekmatyar was primarily concerned in this speech with condemning the leftist leadership in Kabul and its Soviet sponsors. However, the head of the most radical of the Afghan resistance parties also took time to inform his audience about the origins of his party as a student group at Kabul University in the late 1960s. This reminiscence of student days was not a digression or flight of fancy. To the contrary, Hekmatyar's historical reflections have major significance in the context of Afghan national politics, for it is through history that Hizb-i Islami Afghanistan has staked its claim to rule Afghanistan.

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Fair, C. Christine. "Afghanistan in 2017." Asian Survey 58, no. 1 (January 2018): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2018.58.1.110.

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The year 2017 witnessed continued challenges to the credibility and competence of the so-called National Unity Government in Kabul. President Ghani and Chief Executive Abdullah competed over the perquisites of power rather than collaborating to secure a viable future for their country. US and NATO forces remained at a stalemate with the Taliban, while Afghanistan’s predatory neighbors were as self-interested as ever. Hard-won gains remain reversible.

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Auden, J. B., and Ludwig W. Adamec. "Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan. Volume 6. Kabul and Southeastern Afghanistan." Geographical Journal 152, no. 3 (November 1986): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632844.

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Amin, Hamidullah, and Mansoor Mohammad Helmi. "Impacts of Land-use Transformation on Agriculture land in Afghanistan, Kabul city as case study." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v6i1.791.

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The change in land-use over a certain period of time is inevitable. This paper investigates the issue of land use change on agricultural land that has become a phenomenon affecting the economy and environment in Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan. Agriculture is the main economic source of Afghan cities, however, due to rapid population growth, population densification, and inability to apply Kabul city’s master plan and regulations, a large portion of land cover transformed from agricultural areas to unplanned developments and have shifted the function of communities from productive societies into consumer and dependent societies. The study sheds light on Yakatoot as a study farmland area in Kabul city to present an alive example of what is happening in the reality of agricultural land in Kabul. Therefore, approaches for sustainable conversion of agricultural land in Kabul city is a vital quest that needs to be followed seriously. The study illustrates Afghanistan's land laws. It identifies the social, economic and environmental impacts of land-use change. This paper applies qualitative methods, where data and analysis worked by using field surveys, aerial photographs from Google Earth and data collected from CRIDA. It also investigates international experience regarding land-use change and sustainable solutions. Therefore, due to positive implications of urban agriculture practice as a feasible and sustainable approach to tackle the ongoing challenges related to land-use change in Kabul city, this paper suggests inducing this approach in Kabul city’s master plan and other urban initiatives because it will not only lead to environmental protection, but also, it will re-establish economic stability, enhance social welfare, revive city’s historic identity.

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Anwar, Shahzad, Usman Ali, and Akmal Siddique. "Covid-19 and Construction Companies in Kabul, Afghanistan." Kardan Journal of Economics and Manangement Sciences 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31841/kjems.2021.24.

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Leonard, P. W. "Computer models of Kabul, Afghanistan, medium-wave antennas." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 48, no. 2 (April 2006): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2006.1650814.

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Khoshbeen, Ahmad Rashid, Mohanakrishnan Logan, and Chettiyappan Visvanathan. "Integrated solid-waste management for Kabul city, Afghanistan." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 22, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00936-z.

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Tanha, Mohammad, Beate Riebe, Atsushi Ikeda-Ohno, Marie Schulze, Fazal R. Khalid, Abobaker Storai, and Clemens Walther. "Environmental radioactivity studies in Kabul and northern Afghanistan." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 318, no. 3 (October 6, 2018): 2425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-018-6242-1.

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Abawi, A. K., J. Chiaroni, B. Dupire, C. Ganteaume, T. Lam, P. Truze, P. De Micco, and G. Boetsch. "Genetic polymorphism (ABO, Rh, Kell) in Kabul (Afghanistan)." International Journal of Anthropology 16, no. 4 (October 2001): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02447236.

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Ghosh, Sourish. "“Enemy at the Gates”: An Analysis on India’s Experiences with the Taliban." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 24, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598420913656.

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India’s long history of relations with Afghanistan dates back to the time of the Mauryans. It became even stronger after India’s independence in 1947. Since 1947, India has always maintained the policy to support whosoever comes to power in Kabul, but in 1996, there was a shift from that policy as the Taliban, a radical Islamist group, captured power. Pakistan has always been paranoid about India–Afghanistan relations as it never wanted hostile neighbours on both sides of its borders. Its urge for a friendly government in Kabul got satiated when the Taliban came to power, with its support. New Delhi did not recognize the Taliban government and, instead, shunned all diplomatic relations with Kabul. It was only after the Taliban regime was ousted through the US intervention that India rejuvenated its relations with Kabul. However, even after 19 years of intervention, the Taliban remained a potent force, and now as the USA plans to withdraw from Afghanistan, it is trying to negotiate a peace settlement with the Taliban. Currently, India too is trying to engage in dialogues with the Taliban, which again marks a shift from its earlier strategy. This study analyzes India’s experiences with the Taliban and shift in its policy from the pre-9/11 period (1996–2001) to the post-9/11 period (2001–early 2019).

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Simpson, John. "The “Begram Ivories”: A Successful Case of Restitution of Some Antiquities Stolen from the National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul." International Journal of Cultural Property 23, no. 4 (November 2016): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739116000266.

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Abstract:This article details a successful case of restitution of important antiquities stolen from the National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul during the Afghan Civil War (1992–94). These items had been excavated by the Délégation Archéologique Française en Afghanistan at the site of Begram during 1937 and 1939 and were allocated to the museum in Kabul when the excavated finds were divided between the National Museum of Afghanistan and the Musée Guimet (Paris). In Kabul, the most important objects were put on permanent display, but they were placed in storage in 1989 when the museum was officially closed and the capital threatened by war after the withdrawal of Soviet forces. Many objects were hidden, and some are now touring in an international exhibition hosted by the British Museum in 2011.1 However, most of the Begram ivories were stolen and entered different collections. The following article discusses how a group of 20 of these exquisite carvings were acquired, conserved, exhibited, and returned to Kabul as a direct result of the negotiations for the British Museum exhibition.2 This allowed the first scientific analyses of Indian ivories of this period, and the results provided important new evidence for the extent of polychromy as well as the scale of the different unrecorded conservation treatments previously applied to these highly fragile objects.3 The objects were returned safely to Kabul in 2012. This article also sets out some of the lessons learned from this chain of events and how it can provide an example for future restitutions.

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SAIFY, KHYBER, and MOSTAFA SAADAT. "CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES IN AFGHANISTAN." Journal of Biosocial Science 44, no. 1 (June 9, 2011): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932011000253.

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SummaryThe present cross-sectional study was done in order to illustrate the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages among Afghanistan populations. Data on types of marriages were collected using a simple questionnaire. The total number of couples in the study was 7140 from the following provinces: Badakhshan, Baghlan, Balkh, Bamyan, Kabul, Kunduz, Samangan and Takhar. Consanguineous marriages were classified by the degree of relationship between couples: double first cousins, first cousins, first cousins once removed, second cousins and beyond second cousins. The coefficient of inbreeding (F) was calculated for each couple and the mean coefficient of inbreeding (α) estimated for each population. The proportion of consanguineous marriages in the country was 46.2%, ranging from 38.2% in Kabul province to 51.2% in Bamyan province. The equivalent mean inbreeding coefficient (α) was 0.0277, and ranged from 0.0221 to 0.0293 in these two regions. There were significant differences between provinces for frequencies of different types of marriages (p<0.001). First cousin marriages (27.8%) were the most common type of consanguineous marriages, followed by double first cousin (6.9%), second cousin (5.8%), beyond second cousin (3.9%) and first cousin once removed (1.8%). There were significant differences between ethnic groups for the types of marriages (χ2=177.6, df=25, p<0.001). Tajiks (Soni) and Turkmens (also Pashtuns) showed the lowest (α=0.0250) and highest (α=0.0297) mean inbreeding coefficients, respectively, among the ethnic groups in Afghanistan. The study shows that Afghanistan's populations, like other Islamic populations, have a high level of consanguinity.

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Taraky, Yar M., Yongbo Liu, Ed McBean, Prasad Daggupati, and Bahram Gharabaghi. "Flood Risk Management with Transboundary Conflict and Cooperation Dynamics in the Kabul River Basin." Water 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111513.

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The Kabul River, while having its origin in Afghanistan, has a primary tributary, the Konar River, which originates in Pakistan and enters Afghanistan near Barikot-Arandu. The Kabul River then re-enters Pakistan near Laalpur, Afghanistan making it a true transboundary river. The catastrophic flood events due to major snowmelt events in the Hindu Kush mountains occur every other year, inundating many major urban centers. This study investigates the flood risk under 30 climate and dam management scenarios to assess opportunities for transboundary water management strategy in the Kabul River Basin (KRB). The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a watershed-scale hydraulic modeling tool that was employed to forecast peak flows to characterize flood inundation areas using the river flood routing modelling tool Hydrologic Engineering Center—Analysis System -HEC-RAS for the Nowshera region. This study shows how integrated transboundary water management in the KRB can play a vital catalyst role with significant socio-economic benefits for both nations. The study proposes a KRB-specific agreement, where flood risk management is a significant driver that can bring both countries to work together under the Equitable Water Resource Utilization Doctrine to save lives in both Afghanistan and Pakistan. The findings show that flood mitigation relying on collaborative efforts for both upstream and downstream riparian states is highly desirable.

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Alief, Vicky Radian, and Dian Farijanti. "Cultural Feminism Found in the Asne Seierstad’s Kabul." Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature 3, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/perspective.v3i2.1678.

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The result of this study may add to the research literature refrences and add insight to the reader about the image women with the feminism literature review.This research is expected to give contribution to this language teaching using novel as the authentic media, particularly in teaching reading. Novel is narrative text informing of prose with a long shape that including some figures and fiction event. In this case, the study attempted to analyze text about Cultural feminism tht contains in the novel. The text analyzed is a novel entitled The Bookseller of Kabul written by Asne Seierstad, a Norway journalist who spent four months to write the novel after reporting civil war in Afghanistan. This novel mostly describes the portrayal of women in the context of gender relation in Afghanistan after the fall of Taliban, around 2001s.

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Oghli, Sardar Mohammad Rahman. "Strengthening of Friendship between Ukraine and Afghanistan." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-14.

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The interview is dedicated to the life and work of Sardar Mohammad Rahman Oghli, the Ambassador of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to Ukraine. It mentions the countries, in which the Ambassador served before his appointment to Ukraine, as well as the difficulties he had to deal with. The article provides an insight on the current state of cooperation between Ukraine and Afghanistan, identifies the priorities for the Embassy team, outlines the most promising areas of cooperation. The historical question of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979–1989 was discussed, and a parallel was drawn with the present-day war between Ukraine and Russia in the Donbass, as well as the occupation of Crimea. A lot of attention was paid to his years of study at the Vinnytsia Polytechnic Institute and experience gained during the student years, which helps him in his today’s work in Ukraine. According to the Ambassador, the Ukrainian people have great human capital and potential, particularly in scientific and technical field. The Ambassador sincerely wishes to strengthen friendship between the peoples of Ukraine and Afghanistan. After the establishment of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in Ukraine, the two states began to cooperate in the areas of politics, trade, economy, higher education, technical and military fields, consular assistance. Kabul and Kyiv have signed agreements on cooperation and exchange of scientific information between polytechnic universities, on transit, agreement between the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the one of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Regarding the priorities, the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan strives to intensify bilateral political relations, develop and strengthen trade cooperation, achieve simplification of investment conditions for Ukrainian entrepreneurs in Kabul. All of this indicates that the relations between the two countries are at a high level. Keywords. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ukraine, Kabul, cooperation, high level of relations, Vinnytsia Polytechnic Institute.

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Khan, Noor Saeed, Noor ul Ain Naseem, and Muhammad Usman Ullah. "The Resurgence of Militant Groups in Pakistan After Taliban Invasion of Afghanistan." Global Strategic & Securities Studies Review VI, no. III (September 30, 2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsssr.2021(vi-iii).04.

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Peace and stability are the utmost need for protecting the South Asian region from the ripple effects of the ongoing crisis situation in Afghanistan. The Taliban’s rise to power in Kabul has engendered a difficult choice—the hard path of peace or reversion to civil war. The latter has deep repercussions for the entire world, particularly Pakistan. It is because of the fact that wars in Afghanistan have twisting but contrasting impacts on the societal level of both states simultaneously. The Taliban’s rise in Kabul has uptick the non-conventional security threats for Pakistan including its border security. The recent momentum in the attack of TTP and militant groups on security forces in Pakistan is a testimony tothis fact. TTP leaders and different other non-state actors inspired by either TPP’s ideology or encouraged and funded by India have received impetus from the ‘blitzkrieg’ of Taliban in Kabul.

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Akhtar, Shahid Mehmood, and Javed Iqbal. "Assessment of emerging hydrological, water quality issues and policy discussion on water sharing of transboundary Kabul River." Water Policy 19, no. 4 (March 25, 2017): 650–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.119.

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Transboundary water sharing policy between Pakistan and Afghanistan along with emerging issues over the Transboundary Kabul River have been discussed incorporating long-term hydrological trend analysis, water quality issues and temporal changes in land cover/land use. The annual (1977–2015) mean river flow of 26.32 billion (109) cubic metres (BCM) with a range of 13.77 to 42.2 BCM and standard deviation of 6.026 BCM revealed no significant trend in annual inflow data of the Kabul River. Afghanistan planned developments in the basin were analysed in the light of reduction in the transboundary flow. Faecal coliforms, pH (7.90 to 8.06), Escherichia coli and other water quality parameters were found to be within permissible limits, however, dissolved oxygen was just above the permissible limits to sustain aquatic life. Water was found unsuitable for drinking while suitable for agriculture and aquatic life. Remote sensing data used for temporal change detection showed an increase in built-up-areas and cultivated areas along Kabul River inside Pakistan by 50 and 47%, respectively. Significant changes were observed at two locations in the river course. Insights of emerging Kabul River issues and a way forward have been discussed which could serve as the basis for formulation of adaption strategies leading to a ‘Kabul River Water Treaty’.

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Ebrahimi, Mohammadullah Hakim, Philippe Devillers, and Eric Garcia-Diaz. "Sustainable construction for affordable housing program in Kabul." Journal of Contemporary Urban Affairs 6, no. 1 (August 17, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2022.v6n1-3.

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Afghanistan suffers from four decades of war, caused a massive migration of the rural population to the cities. Kabul was originally designed for 1,5 million people, where now 5 million people live. The importation of modern western styles housing for rapid reconstruction reveals apparent cultural conflict and significant environmental footprint. The new constructive cultures for sustainable reconstruction should necessary consider the use of local materials combined with modern technologies. Earthen architecture underlies the embodiment of Afghanistan architecture. The aim of this research is to revisit traditional afghan earthen construction with the tools of industrial modernity. Three soils of the Kabul region were first characterized. Then, sun-dried mud brick and compressive earth block, with and without stabilization have been prepared and tested in the laboratory to develop the most suitable earth construction element which is cost effective and easily available compared to the imported modern products.

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LI, Li. "China’s Afghanistan Policy in a Post-US Era." East Asian Policy 14, no. 01 (January 2022): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179393052200006x.

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With Taliban’s takeover of Kabul and the United States’ complete withdrawal of forces in August 2021, dramatic changes have happened in Afghanistan. China, as the largest neighbour of Afghanistan, is expected to play a bigger role. This article examines China’s intensified bilateral and multilateral diplomacy towards Afghanistan in a post-US retreat era. It attempts to interpret the objectives of China’s engagement with the Taliban regime and identify the limits of China’s policy.

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Canfield, Robert L. "ROBERT D. MCCHESNEY, Kabul under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising (Princeton, N.J.: Marcus Weiner, 1999). Pp. 319. $49.95 cloth, $25.95 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 4 (November 2000): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002828.

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The year 1929 was a particularly disruptive period for the city of Kabul (perhaps the only comparable time was when the mujahedin fought over it in the 1990s). In January of that year, under pressure from a band of Tajik rebels who entered Kabul almost unopposed, the ruler of Afghanistan, Amir Aman Allah, abdicated his throne and fled the capital. The man who occupied his office was a former soldier-turned-highwayman from the village of Kalakân some twenty miles north of Kabul. He was named Habib Allah (and is so called throughout the work under review), but he is better remembered by the epithet “Bacha-i Saqqaw,” or “Water Carrier's Son,” his father having once served in that role for the military. A Tajik, he was the first non-Pushtun to occupy the throne since the birth of Afghanistan in the 18th century. He would hold it for only nine months.

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Erfan, Ozair, Manizha Khan, and Mohammad Nadir Sina. "Prevalence of dental malocclusion in stomatology hospital, Kabul-Afghanistan." IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research 6, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijodr.2020.018.

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Hamed, Mahnaz. "Epidemiological Characteristics of Maternal Deaths in Kabul, Afghanistan, 2017." Iproceedings 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2018): e10552. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/10552.

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Lashkaripour, G. R., and S. A. Hussaini. "Water resource management in Kabul river basin, eastern Afghanistan." Environmentalist 28, no. 3 (September 18, 2007): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-007-9136-2.

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Bezhan, Faridullah. "Kabul University and Political Dynamics in Afghanistan, 1964–73." South Asia Research 34, no. 3 (November 2014): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728014549133.

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Joya, Musa, Zabihullah Stanikzai, Isa Akbarzadeh, Somayyeh Babaloui, David A. Bradley, and Shakardokht M. Jafari. "Prevalence of cancers diagnosed in Jamhuriyat Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan." Heliyon 6, no. 3 (March 2020): e03603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03603.

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GLAZUNOVA, I. V., A. O. RASIKH, N. P. KARPENKO, and T. I. MATVEEVA. "USE OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE KABUL RIVER BASIN." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 2 (2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011-2021-2-102-109.

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The article considers the issues and prospects of water use in the Kabul River basin (Afghanistan) taking into account the analysis of the current water management situation and taking into account the forecasts of the economic development compiled on the basis of the demographic data. The general scheme of water use, organization of water supply, provision of the population with water and sanitary drainage structures is presented. The analysis of the water resources use and structure of water management of Afghanistan in the Kabul river basin showed a wide use of groundwater to supply urban and rural population, livestock and irrigation while surface waters of rivers are hardly used by the population and sectors of the economy. The fulfilled analysis of the water use structure in the territory of the Kabul river basin showed that: 55% of the demand for water is provided by underground water,23% – by surface river runoff, 12% – by glacial water and 10% – by rain runoff. Comprehensive calculations based on the compilation of water management balances were carried out. Risks of water shortages and river pollution for the 2020 year and for the future until 2035 were checked for the estimated years on the provision of river fl ow of the Kabul River by 74% and 95%. A set of water management, water protection and management measures has been developed and recommended to prevent and eliminate the identified possible negative trends in water use. The analysis of the quality of water resources in Afghanistan was carried out which showed that the situation with water resources in the country has been noticeably improving in recent years.

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Niayesh, H., and M. Aagard. "COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING PRACTICES IN AFGHANISTAN." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11852.

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Background: Children in Afghanistan are at greater risk of malnutrition. Over 50% of children were suffering from malnutrition in Afghanistan in 2012, which has a long-lasting physical, mental, social, and impact on children. Study purpose: The purpose of this research study was to explore the association between parents knowledge, attitudes, and practices about complementary feeding and stunting in children in Afghanistan. The predictor variables were mothers knowledge, attitudes, and practices about complementary feeding and the outcome variable was stunting status of children aged 6 to 24 months. Research methods:A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with randomly selected participants who were living in Kabul, Afghanistan. Logistic regressionmodels were used to analysethe data. Research setting: This research was conducted in 6 hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan. Study participants: The study participants included 306 mothers who had children aged between 6-24 months. Results: Mothers knowledge, attitudes, and practices were significant predictors of stunting in children, χ2 (9, N = 306) = 45.33, p < .001 χ2 (9, N = 306) = 26.71, p < .01 and χ2 (9, N = 306) = 56.97, p <.001.Mothers who did not practice responsive feeding were 7.1 times more likely to have stunted children than mothers who practiced responsive feeding. Social and policy implications: The social and policy implications of this research study include reviewing nutrition policies, investing in nutrition programs, and increasing public education and awareness in promoting appropriate complementary infant feeding practices in Afghanistan.

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Rasouli, Hafizullah, Rijan B. Kayastha, Bikas C. Bhattarai, Ahuti Shrestha, Hedayatullah Arian, and Richard Armstrong. "Estimation of Discharge From Upper Kabul River Basin, Afghanistan Using the Snowmelt Runoff Model." Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology 9, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v9i1.15584.

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In this study, we estimated discharge from Upper Kabul River basin in the Hindu Kush Mountain (Paghman range) in Afghanistan. The Upper Kabul River basin covers an area of 1633.8km2 with a maximum elevation of 4522 m and minimum elevation of 1877 m. The Kabul River is one of the main rivers in Afghanistan and sustains a significant flow of water in summer months due to the melting of snow. In this study, daily discharge from Upper Kabul River basin, west of Kabul basin, for 2009 and 2011 is estimated by using Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) (Version 1.12, 2009), originally developed my J. Martinec in 1975. Daily precipitation, air temperature, discharge and snow cover data are used in the model as input variables. We calibrated the model for 2009 and validated in 2011. The observed and calculated annual average discharges in 2009 are 5.7m3/s and 5.6m3/s, respectively; and in 2011 are 1.33m3/s and 1.31m3/s, respectively. The model results are in good agreement with the measured daily discharges. With an increase of 1°C in temperature and 10% precipitation, the increase in discharge in winter, summer and annually relative to 2009 discharge are 39%, 18.5% and 17.9%, respectively. Similarly, with an increase of 2°C in temperature and 20% in precipitation, modeled discharge increases by 51.2%, 40.8% and 47.3%, respectively. The results obtained suggest that the SRM can be used efficiently for estimating discharge in the snow fed sub-catchment of the Upper Kabul River basin and other mountain basins in Afghanistan.Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 9(1) 2015, p.85-94

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Tirard-Collet, Olivier. "The Tâlebân in Afghanistan: A French Approach." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 31, no. 2 (December 1997): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400035628.

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Afghanistan had left the scene long ago, the Soviet invasion and resistance relegated to oblivion by an inextricable tribal/civil war fought by warlords and other “extremists”. Everyone was in a hurry to forget the country altogether. Suddenly the Tâlebân came out of nowhere—or so it seemed. Since then the Tâlebân have dominated publications about Afghanistan. The swift capture of Kabul, after years of siege and rocket attacks that wreaked havoc in the capital, thrust Afghanistan once again into the headlines and onto the television screens.

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Schäfer, Sandra. "Whose Gaze? Stories Told between Kabul, Herat and Berlin." BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 11, no. 1 (June 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927620935255.

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This visual essay focuses on contemporary women’s cinema in Afghanistan, which started in 2001, when, for the first time, women made films in Afghanistan. They narrate stories from their perspectives, and choose different filmic means, characters and genres to tell their stories. With a selection of film stills and photographs, this visual essay introduces the work of these women filmmakers. The images are accompanied by text that describes the contents and the making of their films. Text includes quotations from filmmakers reflecting on their practice. The directors whose work I present are, among others, Roya Sadat, Saba Sahar, Diana Saqeb and Aiqela Rezaie. As some of the filmmakers also work as actresses, I draw an arc into the changeful history of Afghan cinema and the role women played as actresses in these films. The essay highlights the period between 2002 and 2009, when I worked in Kabul making my film Passing the Rainbow and co-organising the film festival SPLICE IN on Gender and Society.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Kabul (afghanistan)'

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