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Journal articles on the topic 'Kabwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Braithwaite, R. S. W. "Spencerite from Kabwe, Zambia, and the infrared spectroscopy of the Kabwe zinc phosphates." Mineralogical Magazine 52, no. 364 (March 1988): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1988.052.364.13.

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2

Zingani, Ellah, Gabriel Ndhlovu, and Brian Chanda Chiluba. "Assessment of Lead Content in Soil Samples Obtained from Four Different Sites of Kabwe, Central Province of Zambia." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v1i1.41.

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Pollution has increased soil lead levels to several thousand parts per million; the major cause of soil lead contamination in Kabwe district is the weathering from the former Zinc-lead mine. Soil lead is a health risk when directly ingested or inhaled as and it is of particular concern for children less than 6 years because of its implication on their growth. Hence this study set out to assess the lead soil content in four different sites of Kabwe district, Central province of Zambia. Literature was reviewed from studies that covered soil lead contamination. a quantitative analytical study was carried out and it involved geographical mapping of four different sites the north, South, East, and West of Kabwe district which were conveniently selected to collect soil Samples which were taken to The University of Zambia School of Mines, Geology Engineering Laboratory to determine the Levels of soil Lead content using a technique called Geo-Chemical Analysis. The results suggest that Chowa area is highly polluted with lead metal according to the globally recommended WHO guidelines and Zambia Environmental Management agency which all states that Residential areas should not exceed 400Kg/mg or parts per million.

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3

Bose-O’Reilly, Stephan, John Yabe, Joseph Makumba, Paul Schutzmeier, Bret Ericson, and Jack Caravanos. "Lead intoxicated children in Kabwe, Zambia." Environmental Research 165 (August 2018): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.024.

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4

Mwilola, Patricia N., Ikabongo Mukumbuta, Victor Shitumbanuma, Benson H. Chishala, Yoshitaka Uchida, Hokuto Nakata, Shouta Nakayama, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Lead, Zinc and Cadmium Accumulation, and Associated Health Risks, in Maize Grown near the Kabwe Mine in Zambia in Response to Organic and Inorganic Soil Amendments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 9038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239038.

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Health risks due to heavy metal (HM) contamination is of global concern. Despite concerns of high levels of HMs in soils near Kabwe mine in Zambia, edible crop production is common, posing potential health risks. This study assessed the potential of chicken manure (CM), triple superphosphate (TSP) and a blended fertilizer (BF; consisting of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK) fertilizer and composted chicken manure) to reduce lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) in soils and their accumulation in maize grown near the Kabwe mine. Maize was grown to maturity and its HM concentrations and associated health risk indices were calculated. All soil amendments decreased bioavailable soil Pb concentrations by 29–36%, but only CM decreased Zn, while the amendments increased or had no effect on Cd concentrations compared to the control. The amendments reduced Pb (>25%) and Zn concentrations (>18%) in the maize stover and grain. However, Cd concentrations in maize grain increased in the BF and TSP treatments. Bioaccumulation factors showed that Cd had the highest mobility from the soil into maize stover and grain, indicating the need for greater attention on Cd in Kabwe despite its apparently lower soil concentration compared to Pb and Zn. The hazard quotients for Pb and Cd were much greater than one, indicating a high risk of possible exposure to toxic levels by people consuming maize grain grown in this area. This study demonstrated the significant potential of manure and phosphate-based amendments to reduce Pb and Zn, and to some extent Cd, uptake in maize grain and consequently reduce associated health risks.

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5

Nakamura, Shinsaku, Toshifumi Igarashi, Yoshitaka Uchida, Mayumi Ito, Kazuyo Hirose, Tsutomu Sato, Walubita Mufalo, et al. "Evaluation of Dispersion of Lead-Bearing Mine Wastes in Kabwe District, Zambia." Minerals 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080901.

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Dispersion of lead (Pb) in mine wastes was simulated for reproducing Pb contamination of soil in Kabwe District, Zambia. Local weather data of year 2019 were monitored in situ and used for the simulations. The plume model, weak puff model, and no puff model were adopted for calculation of Pb dispersion under different wind conditions. The results showed that Pb dispersion from the Kabwe mine was directly affected by wind directions and speeds in the dry season, although it was not appreciably affected in the rainy season. This may be because the source strength is lower in the rainy season due to higher water content of the surface. This indicates that Pb dispersion patterns depend on the season. In addition, the distribution of the amount of deposited Pb-bearing soils around the mine corresponded to the distribution of Pb contents in soils. These results suggest that Pb contamination in soils primarily results from dispersion of fine mine wastes.

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6

Waters, Hillary. "The biopower of ignorance: Individualizing blame for lead poisoning in Kabwe, Zambia." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 390–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619840261.

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Within research on late liberal biopolitics, scholars have examined the individualization of public or collective dangers, such as the obesity epidemic, natural disasters, and climate change. Yet few have scrutinized the most audacious of cases: when the government participated in and benefited from the destruction of its land and poisoning of its people, and then, rather than admit culpability, turns around to blame their citizens' ill health on their individual behavior. In this article, I investigate lead contamination in Kabwe, Zambia a former lead mining town and one of the 10 most polluted cities in the world. I argue ignorance, not just knowledge, can be a technology of governing: a strategic way for the government to manage their population and “let die.” Drawing upon 48 qualitative interviews with mine, government, and civil society insiders along with eight resident focus groups, this article scrutinizes how government secrecy gave way to three talking points that frame conversations about the environment in Kabwe—that lead contamination is natural, that lead poisoning is easily preventable, and that it is treatable. With this narrative, education campaigns actively produce ignorance about the causes and consequences of widespread lead poisoning, continually turning poisoning events and happenings into quasi-events, or states of being residents are left to endure.

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7

Southwood, Malcolm, Bruce Cairncross, and Mike S. Rumsey. "Minerals of the Kabwe (“Broken Hill”) Mine, Central Province, Zambia." Rocks & Minerals 94, no. 2 (February 2019): 114–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038.

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8

Ettler, Vojtěch, David Štěpánek, Martin Mihaljevič, Petr Drahota, Radim Jedlicka, Bohdan Kříbek, Aleš Vaněk, Vít Penížek, Ondra Sracek, and Imasiku Nyambe. "Slag dusts from Kabwe (Zambia): Contaminant mineralogy and oral bioaccessibility." Chemosphere 260 (December 2020): 127642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127642.

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9

Lacy, Sarah A. "The oral pathological conditions of the Broken Hill (Kabwe) 1 cranium." International Journal of Paleopathology 7 (December 2014): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2014.06.005.

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10

Barham, L., A. Llona, and C. Stringer. "Bone tools from Broken Hill (Kabwe) cave, Zambia, and their evolutionary significance." Before Farming 2002, no. 2 (January 2002): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2002.2.3.

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11

Phiri, Adrian. "Risks of Domestic Underground Water Sources in Informal Settlement in Kabwe – Zambia." Environment and Pollution 5, no. 2 (September 29, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ep.v5n2p1.

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Informal settlements are a hot spot for disaster risks worldwide. They are characterised by limited provision of basic services. Water being a critical life support resource is not adequately provided. Residents usually rely on unsafe water sources of hand dug wells. Pit latrines are a major facility for sanitary purposes. Further, informal settlements high population density residing in poor housing units is a common characteristics. Risks of underground water pollution are high due to the proximity of sanitation facilities to unprotected shallow wells increasing the possibility of feacal contamination by ecoli and coli form. This paper presents a case of Makululu informal settlement in Zambia. A total of 385 respondents were identified at random while purposive sampling identified key informants. Water samples collected from 12 hand dug wells located close to pit latrines were tested for coli form and ecoli. Testing was done before and after the rainy season to analyse the relationship between pit latrines and wells as well as the relationship with rainfall distribution pattern to ascertain levels of risks. Water was tested to determine the levels of contamination based on the presence of ecoli and coli form. Laboratory results indicated that 90 percent of water consumed in Makululu informal settlement is highly contaminated by faecal coliforms.

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12

Trinkaus, Erik. "Brief communication: The human humerus from the Broken Hill Mine, Kabwe, Zambia." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 149, no. 2 (July 24, 2012): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22118.

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13

Godinho, Ricardo Miguel, and Paul O'Higgins. "The biomechanical significance of the frontal sinus in Kabwe 1 (Homo heidelbergensis)." Journal of Human Evolution 114 (January 2018): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.10.007.

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14

Mondillo, N., R. Herrington, A. J. Boyce, C. Wilkinson, L. Santoro, and M. Rumsey. "Critical elements in non-sulfide Zn deposits: a reanalysis of the Kabwe Zn-Pb ores (central Zambia)." Mineralogical Magazine 82, S1 (February 28, 2018): S89—S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2017.081.038.

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ABSTRACTThe Kabwe Zn-Pb deposit (central Zambia) consists of a cluster of mixed sulfide and non-sulfide orebodies. The sulfide ores comprise sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite and accessory Ge-sulfides (±Ga and In). The non-sulfide ores comprise: (1) willemite-dominated zones encasing massive sulfide orebodies and (2) oxide-dominated alteration bands, overlying both the sulfide and Zn-silicate orebodies. This study focuses on the Ge, In and Ga distribution in the non-sulfide mineralization, and was carried out on a suite of Kabwe specimens, housed in the Natural History Museum Ore Collection (London). Petrography confirmed that the original sulfides were overprinted by at least two contrasting oxidation stages dominated by the formation of willemite (W1 and W2), and a further event characterized by weathering-related processes. Oxygen isotopic analyses have shown that W1 and W2 are unrelated genetically and furthermore not related to supergene Zn-Pb-carbonates in the oxide-dominated assemblage. The δ18O composition of 13.9–15.7‰ V-SMOW strongly supports a hydrothermal origin for W1. The δ18O composition of W2 (−3.5‰ to 0‰ V-SMOW) indicates that it precipitated from groundwaters of meteoric origin in either a supergene or a low-T hydrothermal environment. Gallium and Ge show a diversity of distribution among the range of Zn-bearing minerals. Gallium has been detected at the ppm level in W1, sphalerite, goethite and hematite. Germanium occurs at ppm levels in W1 and W2, and in scarcely detectable amounts in hemimorphite, goethite and hematite. Indium has low concentrations in goethite and hematite. These different deportments among the various phases are probably due to the different initial Ga, In and Ge abundances in the mineralization, to the different solubilities of the three elements at different temperatures and pH values, and finally to their variable affinities with the various minerals formed.

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15

Mondillo, N., and R. Herrington. "A reanalysis of the Kabwe Zn-Pb nonsulphide ore (central Zambia): preliminary results." Applied Earth Science 125, no. 2 (April 2, 2016): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03717453.2016.1166654.

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16

Santoro, Licia, Francesco Putzolu, Nicola Mondillo, Maria Boni, and Richard Herrington. "Influence of Genetic Processes on Geochemistry of Fe-oxy-hydroxides in Supergene Zn Non-Sulfide Deposits." Minerals 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10070602.

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In supergene Zn non-sulfide deposits, the Fe-oxy-hydroxides (FeO/OH) are mainly concentrated in the residual zones (gossan) on top of the oxidized ore bodies, although they can also be found throughout the whole weathering profile coexisting with the primary and secondary ore assemblages. Fe-oxy-hydroxides are rarely pure as they form in systems where a wide range of metals, most of them of economic importance (e.g., Zn, Pb, Co, REE, Sc, Ga, Ge, V, etc.), freely circulate and can be “captured” under specific conditions. Although their occurrence can be widespread, and they have a potential to scavenge and accumulate critical metals, FeO/OH are considered gangue phases during the existing processing routes of Zn non-sulfide ores. Moreover, very little is known about the role of the deposit type on the geochemistry of FeO/OH formed in a specific association. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the trace element footprint of FeO/OH from a number of Zn non-sulfide deposits, in order to define parameters controlling the metals’ enrichment process in the mineral phase. To achieve this, we selected FeO/OH-bearing mineralized samples from four supergene Zn non-sulfide ores in diverse settings, namely Hakkari (Turkey), Jabali (Yemen), Cristal (Peru) and Kabwe (Zambia). The petrography of FeO/OH was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope energy dispersive analysis (SEM-EDS), while the trace element composition was assessed using laser ablation-ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS). Statistical analyses performed on LA-ICP-MS data defined several interelement associations, which can be ascribed to the different nature of the studied deposits, the dominant ore-formation process and subsequent evolution of the deposits and the environmental conditions under which FeO/OH phases were formed. Based on our results, the main new inferences are: (A) Zinc, Si, Pb, Ga and Ge enrichment in FeO/OH is favored in ores where the direct replacement of sulfides is the dominant process and/or where the pyrite is abundant (e.g., Cristal and Hakkari). (B) When the dissolution of the host-rock is a key process during the supergene ore formation (i.e., Jabali), the buffering toward basic pH of the solutions favors the uptake in FeO/OH of elements leached from the host carbonate rock (i.e., Mn), whilst restricting the uptake of elements derived from the dissolution of sulfides (i.e., Zn, Pb, Ga and Ge), as well as silica. (C) The input of exotic phases can produce significant enrichment in “unconventional” metals in FeO/OH (i.e., Cr and Co at Kabwe; Y at Cristal) depending on whether the optimal pH-Eh conditions are attained. (D) In the Kabwe deposit, FeO/OH records heterogeneous geochemical conditions within the system: where locally basic conditions prevailed during the alteration process, the V and U concentration in FeO/OH is favored; yet conversely, more acidic weathering produced Zn- and Si-bearing FeO/OH.

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17

Paravy, Florence. "Wa Kabwe-Segatti, Désiré K. & Halen, Pierre (dir.) – Du nègre Bambara au Négropolitain." Cahiers d'études africaines 52, no. 208 (October 5, 2012): 1036–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.14448.

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18

Munene, Prisca, Lydia M. Chabala, and Alice M. Mweetwa. "Land Suitability Assessment for Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Production in Kabwe District, Central Zambia." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 3 (February 13, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n3p74.

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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), is a high value crop that can generate income for households. As a legume, soybean is incorporated in cropping systems to improve soil fertility. Soybean productivity is however limited by factors including declined soil fertility, climate change and partly due to inadequate land suitability information. This study aimed at identifying suitable land for soybean production in Kabwe district. Data layers of selected attributes relevant to soybean production were generated with slope and wetness data layers extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM). Elevation was used as a proxy for climate (rainfall and temperature) and was generated by reclassifying the elevation grid into elevation classes. Data layers for soil reaction (pH), soil organic carbon, phosphorus and texture were generated by inverse distance weighting interpolation method based on soil point data. A distance to roads layer was created using the euclidean distance tool. A spatial process model based on multi-criteria evaluation was used to integrate data layers in a weighted sum overlay to generate a soybean suitability map, whose quality was assessed using an error matrix. Results showed that 15.07% of the investigated area was highly suitable for soybean production, whereas 26.53% was suitable and 25.18% was moderately suitable. The other 20.57% was marginally suitable, 10.74% was currently not suitable and 1.92% was permanently not suitable. Based on ground truth data, the overall classification accuracy of the suitability map was 65%. The map was therefore good enough for use as a guide in selecting suitable sites for soybean production.

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19

Bwalya, John, and Cecil Seethal. "Dearth of collective efficacy: Towards explaining truncated municipal water service delivery in Kabwe, Central Zambia." Habitat International 40 (October 2013): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2013.03.005.

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20

Tembo, Backsion D., Kwenga Sichilongo, and Joseph Cernak. "Distribution of copper, lead, cadmium and zinc concentrations in soils around Kabwe town in Zambia." Chemosphere 63, no. 3 (April 2006): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.002.

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21

Toyomaki, Haruya, John Yabe, Shouta M. M. Nakayama, Yared B. Yohannes, Kaampwe Muzandu, Allan Liazambi, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Takeshi Kuritani, Mitsuhiro Nakagawa, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Factors associated with lead (Pb) exposure on dogs around a Pb mining area, Kabwe, Zambia." Chemosphere 247 (May 2020): 125884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125884.

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22

Kamona, A. F., and G. H. Friedrich. "Geology, mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of the Kabwe carbonate-hosted Pb–Zn deposit, Central Zambia." Ore Geology Reviews 30, no. 3-4 (March 2007): 217–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.02.003.

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23

Yabe, John, Shouta M. M. Nakayama, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Kaampwe Muzandu, Kennedy Choongo, Geoffrey Mainda, Matthew Kabeta, Mayumi Ishizuka, and Takashi Umemura. "Metal distribution in tissues of free-range chickens near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 32, no. 1 (November 21, 2012): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2029.

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24

Slater, Charles P. "A temporal bone lesion in a modern subject to explain a defect in the Kabwe skull." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 4, no. 4 (December 1994): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oa.1390040411.

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25

Mwandira, Wilson, Kazunori Nakashima, Satoru Kawasaki, Mayumi Ito, Tsutomu Sato, Toshifumi Igarashi, Kawawa Banda, et al. "Efficacy of biocementation of lead mine waste from the Kabwe Mine site evaluated using Pararhodobacter sp." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 15 (April 4, 2019): 15653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04984-8.

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26

Silwamba, Marthias, Mayumi Ito, Naoki Hiroyoshi, Carlito Baltazar Tabelin, Tomoki Fukushima, Ilhwan Park, Sanghee Jeon, et al. "Detoxification of lead-bearing zinc plant leach residues from Kabwe, Zambia by coupled extraction-cementation method." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 4 (August 2020): 104197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104197.

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27

Nakata, Hokuto, Shouta M. M. Nakayama, John Yabe, Kaampwe Muzandu, Haruya Toyomaki, Yared Beyene Yohannes, Andrew Kataba, et al. "Clinical biochemical parameters associated with the exposure to multiple environmental metals in residents from Kabwe, Zambia." Chemosphere 262 (January 2021): 127788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127788.

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28

Kříbek, Bohdan, Imasiku Nyambe, Vladimír Majer, Ilja Knésl, Martin Mihaljevič, Vojtěch Ettler, Aleš Vaněk, Vít Penížek, and Ondra Sracek. "Soil contamination near the Kabwe Pb-Zn smelter in Zambia: Environmental impacts and remediation measures proposal." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 197 (February 2019): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2018.11.018.

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29

Avery, D. M. "Taphonomy of Micromammals from Cave Deposits at Kabwe (Broken Hill) and Twin Rivers in Central Zambia." Journal of Archaeological Science 29, no. 5 (May 2002): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2001.0749.

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30

Avery, D. Margaret. "Micromammals from the type site of Broken Hill Man (Homo rhodesiensis) near Kabwe, Zambia: a historical note." Historical Biology 30, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2017): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1297434.

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31

N, Munyinda. "Influence of maternal characteristics on child blood lead levels in selected locations of Kabwe district in Zambia." Environmental Epidemiology 3 (October 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ee9.0000608980.38797.4a.

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32

Yabe, John, Shouta M. M. Nakayama, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Yared B. Yohannes, Nesta Bortey-Sam, Balazs Oroszlany, Kaampwe Muzandu, et al. "Lead poisoning in children from townships in the vicinity of a lead–zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia." Chemosphere 119 (January 2015): 941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.028.

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33

Yabe, John, Shouta MM Nakayama, Hokuto Nakata, Haruya Toyomaki, Yared B. Yohannes, Kaampwe Muzandu, Andrew Kataba, et al. "Current trends of blood lead levels, distribution patterns and exposure variations among household members in Kabwe, Zambia." Chemosphere 243 (March 2020): 125412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125412.

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34

Baieta, Rafael, Martin Mihaljevič, Vojtěch Ettler, Aleš Vaněk, Vít Penížek, Jakub Trubač, Bohdan Kříbek, et al. "Depicting the historical pollution in a Pb–Zn mining/smelting site in Kabwe (Zambia) using tree rings." Journal of African Earth Sciences 181 (September 2021): 104246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2021.104246.

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35

Bernhard, M., K. Schäfer, and H. Seidler. "Numerical Description of Selected Endo- and Ectocranial Dimensions in Homo sapiens and the three Homo heidelbergensis: Kabwe, Atapuerca and Petralona." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 60, no. 4 (December 13, 2002): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/60/2002/321.

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36

Mafukata, Mavhungu Abel, Grace Kancheya, and Willie Dhlandhara. "Factors Influencing Poverty Alleviation amongst Microfinance Adopting Households in Zambia." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 3, no. 2 (April 22, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v3i2.95.

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The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors having the most influence on the alleviation of poverty amongst the households adopting microfinance in Zambia. Ninety nine (n=99) respondents were randomly and purposively selected from amongst 340 microfinance adopters of the so-called Micro Bankers Trust programme operating a microfinance business in the Makululu Compound of Kabwe, Zambia. Socio-demographic primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews based on a semi-structured questionnaire instrument. The data were entered into an excel spreadsheet for analysis. The descriptive data were thereafter exported and fitted to an empirical model. The descriptive results revealed that the majority of the respondents were married, unemployed, fairly educated younger women from larger-sized poor households who drew their household income mainly from microfinance activities. The majority of the respondents thought microfinance had improved their well-being in some crucial areas. The results of the empirical model found that some respondents were indeed alleviated from poverty through microfinance. Conclusion drawn in this paper is that microfinance does alleviate poverty of the poor.

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37

Jahangiri, Mehdi, Esther T. Akinlabi, and Sam M. Sichilalu. "Assessment and Modeling of Household-Scale Solar Water Heater Application in Zambia: Technical, Environmental, and Energy Analysis." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (July 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6630338.

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Solar water heaters (SWHs) are one of the most effective plans for general and easy use of solar energy to supply hot water in domestic and industrial sectors. This paper gives the first-ever attempts to assess the optimal localization of SWHs across 22 major cities in Zambia, as well as determine the possibility of hot water generation and model the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission saving. The climate data used is extracted by using the MeteoSyn software which is modeled in TSOL™. Results show the high potential of GHG emission reduction due to nonconsumption of fossil fuels owing to the deployment of SWHs, and three cities Kabwe, Chipata, and Mbala had the highest GHG mitigation by 1552.97 kg/y, 1394.8 kg/y, and 1321.39 kg/y, respectively. On average, SWHs provide 62.47% of space heating and 96.05% of the sanitary hot water requirement of consumers. The findings have shown the potential for the deployment of SWHs in Zambia. The techno-enviro study in this paper can be used by the policymakers of Zambia and countries with similar climates.

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38

Nakayama, Shouta M. M., Yoshinori Ikenaka, Kyohei Hamada, Kaampwe Muzandu, Kennedy Choongo, Hiroki Teraoka, Naoharu Mizuno, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Metal and metalloid contamination in roadside soil and wild rats around a Pb–Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia." Environmental Pollution 159, no. 1 (January 2011): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.007.

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39

Mukumbang, Ferdinand C., Joyce Chali Mwale, and Brian van Wyk. "Conceptualising the Factors Affecting Retention in Care of Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment in Kabwe District, Zambia, Using the Ecological Framework." AIDS Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7356362.

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Background. HIV remains a major public health challenge in Zambia. The roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) has engendered new challenges in retention in care. Objective. To conceptualise the factors affecting retention in care of ART patients at three primary healthcare facilities using the ecological framework. Method. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 45 ART patients and three focus group discussions with 20 healthcare providers from three primary healthcare facilities in Kabwe district, Zambia, and subjected to thematic content analysis. Results. Individual level barriers to retention in care included side effects, gaining weight, belief in faith healing, and use of herbal remedies and alcohol. Interpersonal barriers such as stigma and nondisclosure of HIV status were reported. At the institutional level, inadequate space in the clinic, long waiting times, long travel distances, and shortage of third-line drugs presented barriers to retention in care. Food shortages and patient mobility were reported as community barriers to retention in care. Conclusion. The ecological framework conceptualises the complex and dynamic factors affecting retention in ART care and highlights the need for multifaceted interventions that combine health education, disease management, and opportunities for income generation in a socially responsive and accountable environment.

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Soko, Jennipher Akebu N., and Catherine Mubita Ngoma. "TOPIC: Knowledge, Screening and Reporting Practices of Health Professionals towards Gender Based Violence among Women in Kabwe District, Zambia." EAS Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 2, no. 5 (October 14, 2020): 296–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjnm.2020.v02i05.003.

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Yoshii, Yui, Isabell von Rein, Kabenuka Munthali, Mukuka Mwansa, Hokuto Nakata, Shota Nakayama, Mayumi Ishizuka, and Yoshitaka Uchida. "Evaluation of phytoremediation effects of chicken manure, urea and lemongrass on remediating a lead contaminated soil in Kabwe, Zambia." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 37, no. 5 (November 16, 2020): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2020.1772386.

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Sracek, O., F. Veselovský, B. Kříbek, J. Malec, and J. Jehlička. "Geochemistry, mineralogy and environmental impact of precipitated efflorescent salts at the Kabwe Cu–Co chemical leaching plant in Zambia." Applied Geochemistry 25, no. 12 (December 2010): 1815–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.09.008.

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Nombwende, Grant. "Epidemiology of Human Leptospirosis in HIV Patients Attending Anti- Retro Viral Treatment in Public Hospitals and Clinics in Kabwe Urban." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 7, no. 1 (April 29, 2020): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.07.01.art011.

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Avery, D. M. "Early and Middle Pleistocene environments and hominid biogeography; micromammalian evidence from Kabwe, Twin Rivers and Mumbwa Caves in central Zambia." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 189, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(02)00593-x.

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Yamazaki, Jumpei, Haruya Toyomaki, Shouta M. M. Nakayama, John Yabe, Kaampwe Muzandu, Jaroslav Jelinek, Shoko Yokoyama, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of dogs with high lead exposure living near a lead mining area in Kabwe, Zambia." Environmental Pollution 286 (October 2021): 117229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117229.

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Mubita, Ernest. "To Determine the Relationship Between SMEs Growth and their Marketing Activities/Practices: A Case Study of Furniture Industry in Kabwe-Zambia." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijmg.2015.05.02.art014.

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Yabe, John, Shouta M. M. Nakayama, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Yared B. Yohannes, Nesta Bortey-Sam, Abel Nketani Kabalo, John Ntapisha, Hazuki Mizukawa, Takashi Umemura, and Mayumi Ishizuka. "Lead and cadmium excretion in feces and urine of children from polluted townships near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia." Chemosphere 202 (July 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.079.

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Braithwaite, R. S. W., R. G. Pritchard, W. H. Paar, and R. A. D. Pattrick. "A new mineral, zincolibethenite, CuZnPO4OH, a stoichiometric species of specific site occupancy." Mineralogical Magazine 69, no. 2 (April 2005): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461056920242.

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AbstractTiny green crystals from Kabwe, Zambia, associated with hopeite and tarbuttite (and probably first recorded in 1908 but never adequately characterized because of their scarcity) have been studied by X-ray diffraction, microchemical and electron probe microanalysis, infrared spectroscopy, and synthesis experiments. They are shown to be orthorhombic, stoichiometric CuZnPO4OH, of species rank, forming the end-member of a solid-solution series to libethenite, Cu2PO4OH, and are named zincolibethenite. The libethenite structure is unwilling to accommodate any more Zn substituting for Cu at atmospheric pressure, syntheses using Zn-rich solutions precipitating a mixture of zincolibethenite with hopeite, Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O. Single-crystal X-ray data confirm that the Cu(II) occupies the Jahn-Teller distorted 6-coordinate cation site in the libethenite lattice, and the Zn(II) occupies the 5-coordinate site. The space group of zincolibethenite is Pnnm, the same as that of libethenite, with unit-cell parameters a = 8.326, b = 8.260, c = 5.877 Å , V = 404.5 Å 3, Z = 4, calculated density = 3.972 g/cm3 (libethenite has a = 8.076, b = 8.407, c = 5.898 Å , V = 400.44 Å 3, Z = 4, calculated density = 3.965 g/cm3). Zincolibethenite is biaxial negative, with 2Vα(calc.) of 49°, r<v, and α = 1.660, β = 1.705, and γ = 1.715 The mineral is named for its relationship to libethenite.

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Yabe, John, Shouta M. M. Nakayama, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Kaampwe Muzandu, Mayumi Ishizuka, and Takashi Umemura. "Uptake of lead, cadmium, and other metals in the liver and kidneys of cattle near a lead-zinc mine in Kabwe, Zambia." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 30, no. 8 (June 3, 2011): 1892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.580.

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Mwamba, Lefterius Kalonga, Astridah Musonda, and Harrison Daka. "Bridging the Gap in Teacher Education Curriculum in Promoting Entrepreneurship: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students of Kwame Nkrumah University, Kabwe-Zambia." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation 08, no. 08 (2021): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2021.8808.

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