Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kadmijum'
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Danijela, Arsenov. "Fiziološki aspekti potencijala vrba (Salix spp.) u asistiranoj fitoremedijaciji kadmijuma upotrebom limunske kiseline." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=108647&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textThe role of citric acid on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of selected willow clones (Salix spp.) grown in soil with moderately polluted cadmium (Cd) was presented. The aim of this study was to determine the Cd accumulation, translocation and tolerance of different willow clones, as well as the influence of citric acid as a chelator in the assisted phytoremediation process. In order to achieve this goal, plants were grown in semi-controlled conditions for 3 months. The experiment was divided into two phases (two years of research), based on differences in the methodological approach, regarding the application of citric acid. During the first-year experiment, citric acid was added once, while in the second year the application of this chelator was performed in three repetitions. The analyses included: the accumulation and distribution of Cd in soil and various plant organs (root, stem, young and old leaves); influence of Cd and citric acid on morphometric parameters: stem hight and diameter, number of leaves, biomass and area of leaves, biomass and volume of the root; on photosynthetic characteristics: net photosynthetic and transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, intercellular concentration of CO2, concentration of photosynthetic pigments; on mineral nutrition and distribution of macronutrients in plants (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content); on the content of the amino acid proline and cysteine; on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase), as non- enzymatic components such as reduced glutathione and thiol content.The obtained results indicated the genotypic specificity of the analyzed willow clones in the phytoremediation process, depending on the treatment applied, the Cd dose, and the presence of citric acid. The toxic effect was not evident on the morphological level, while the applied treatments showed a significant influence on the physiologicalbiochemical processes in the willows. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, as well as, water use eficiency showed decreasing with increasing Cd concentration in plant tissue, while the application of citric acid mitigated the harmful effect of this heavy metal, which was registered on combined treatments. In response to the accumulation of Cd in plant tissue, a change in the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, as well as nonenzymatic components of the defense system has been established. In addition, theapplication of citric acid showed the promotion role on the absorption, accumulation and tolerance of willows grown in moderately polluted soil cadmium, which has a practical significance in the improvement of phytoremediation techniques and decontamination of polluted soil.
Zvonimir, Suturović. "Povećanje osetljivosti potencijometrijske striping analize." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 1992. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=71414&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract was processed by technology for Optical character recognition (OCR).А new and high sensitive techniques (methods) of the potentiometric stripping analysis аге developed. Methods for lead and cadmium determination in conventional electrochemical cell, are defined. The detection limit of 50 ng/dm3 is obtanied, by the reproducibility about 15% (CV). The ассuracу of the new techniques is confirmed by good agreements of the results of the tap water analyses, with the results obtanied from the same samples analysed by conventional PSA, as reference method. All analyses аге carried by a computerized stripping analyzer constructed and made by the Faculty of Technology, Novi Sad and ”Elektrouniverzal”, Leskovac.
Gustafsson, Åsa. "Kadmium och preeklampsi - finns det något samband? En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-71220.
Full textBackground: Cadmium (Cd) is a metallic element with well-known negative health effects that we are exposed to in our environment, largely through diet. Preeclampsia annually affects 3-7% of all pregnant women and is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality for the mother and a major cause of prematurity and fetal growth retardation. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there is any correlation between Cd and preeclampsia and, if so, what the connection may be. Method: This study is a literature review based on scientific articles summarized. Results: All seven articles show a correlation between Cd and preeclampsia. In experimental models on pregnant rats exposed to Cd, rats develop characteristics of preeclampsia including high blood pressure. In humans, significant association between preeclampsia and higher Cd levels are observed in blood, serum and amniotic fluid. Conclusion: The articles show that there is a correlation between Cd and preeclampsia, although it cannot be established that it is a direct causal link without further research.
Karlsson, Natalie. "Förekomst och källor av koppar och kadmium i Kalmars avloppsvatten." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, NV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13446.
Full textJogbratt, Arvid. "Kadmium som begränsande faktor för användande av tång som biogassubstrat - en laborativ undersökning :." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15625.
Full textMarko, Kebert. "Biohemijska i fiziološka karakterizacija klonovatopole (Populus spp.) u procesu fitoekstrakcije bakra, nikla i kadmijuma." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2014. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=89925&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textThe aim of this study was to estimate and compare phytoextraction capacities of three poplar clones (M1, B229 and Pe 19/66) in soil. Furthermore, the goal was to assess different biological responses among the poplar clones during exposure to different concentration of three heavy metal ions (Ni2+, Cu2+ i Cd2+). In order to track changes in poplars’mineral, physiological, biochemical and antioxidant status during the abiotic stress, quantification of physiological properties, free and conjugated polyamines, total phenolics as well as quantification of phytohormones (indol-3-acetic and abscisic acid) was done. Furthermore, assessment of antioxidant potential by tracking radical scavenger capacities (RSC) against DPPH, ABTS, OH and NO radicals and by measuring enzymes activities (SOD, GSH-Px, GPx, GR) in vitro was performed in root and leaves of poplar clones.
Carlborg, Jakob. "Spårbarhet och kvalitetssäkring i livsmedelsindustrin : fallstudie av Kungsörnens produktsortiment." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-16540.
Full textLópez, Fernández de Villaverde Estíbaliz. "Mechanisms behind cadmium-induced teratogenicity /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6223.
Full textBlomster, Cecilia, and Victoria Cespedes. "Livsmedels påverkan på kadmium i biogödsel - kan konflikten mellan miljömålen Giftfri miljö och God bebyggd miljö lösas?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26056.
Full textGren, Amanda. "Är fytoremediering en realistisk metod för att rena marken runt Glasriket på arsenik, kadmium och bly?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-39704.
Full textAxelsson, Helena, and Annica Spångberg. "Bioackumulering av tungmetaller i vildsvin (Sus scrofa) : -analys av biotillgängligheten av bly och kadmium i vildsvinslever." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37123.
Full textLindgren, Lisa. "Variation i grönsakers metallupptag : biokoncentrationsfaktorer för kadmium, bly och arsenik från litteraturen och Glasriket jämfört med Naturvårdsverkets generella värden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35813.
Full textCadmium, lead and arsenic are critical metal(oid)s for human health due to consumption of vegetables from the Kingdom of Crystal in Sweden and other contaminated sites. Root uptake from pore water is the dominant pathway for metals in crops. To assess the concentration of contaminants in vegetables the soil concentration can be used in association with crop bio concentration factor (BCF). The BCF shows the ratio between the concentration of a certain contaminant in the vegetable and the soil concentration. Soil concentration values, however, depend on extraction method. In Swedish risk assessments for contaminated sites The Environmental Protection Agency uses generic BCF values. But metal uptake varies and these BCF values are not constant for a specific metal in a specific vegetable. This work is a literature study in uptake of cadmium, lead and arsenic in lettuce and potatoes. Bio concentration factors for these elements show great variety in literature and in data from Kingdom of Crystal. The uptake depends on plant specific characteristics and total metal burden in soil but is affected also by other factors. Controlling bioavailability through solubility makes pH the most crucial environmental factor. Metal uptakes dependence on environmental factors and the great variability in BCFs shows shortcomings in reliability for the use of generic BCFs.
Hannerz, Nils. "Systemorienterad kommunal hantering av Kadmium med hjälp av materialflödesanalys : Jämförelse mellan två angreppssätt attbeskriva kadiumflöden i Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32391.
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Norlander, Martin, and Victor Boman. "Under ytan : En studie om hur detektionsgränser påverkar väntevärdesskattningar vid mätning av fosfat och kadmium i svenska vattendrag." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314036.
Full textRisenberg, Per-Ola. "Metallexponering via fisk i förorenade områden : Kan vilt fångad fisk vara skadlig?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49673.
Full textSamuel, Seliger. "Farliga metaller från reningsverk : En jämförelse av kunskapsläge mellan yngre och äldre vad gäller metallerna bly, arsenik, kadmium och antimon." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36091.
Full textEnvironmental problems can be seen as a growing problem. The studie will show how big the knowledge of ordinary people in specific environmental problems and risks are. In this study the issues concerning environmental and health hazardous metals that accumulate in the sludge at the Swedish treatment plants are analysed. The metals may have serious health effects on humans and appear in a series known everyday products. The study is based on a survey with 200 participating respondents and the purpose is to measure their knowledge. The respondents are divided into a younger and an older age group. Similarities and differences have been analysed between the younger and the older ones. The study addresses the environmental and health impacts of each metal, and its incidence in different goods and products. The general state of knowledge about the environmental problems and risks will be addressed, as well as if metals can be purified in Swedish sewage or not. Another part of the study deals with the common man's reliability to the different actors who have the ability to disseminate information about environmental problems and risks. The respondents have also answer what routes of dissemination of information they prefer.The survey is divided into a quantitative and a qualitative part. The quantitative part has come to the conclusion that the older age group have a higher level of knowledge than the younger age group in terms of the four metals in general. They also have greater knowledge regarding the metals health effects and occurrence of goods and products. The younger age group has a better understanding of environmental problems and risks in general and about if metals can be purified in wastewater treatment or not. In the qualitative part the study examines the methods of dissemination respondents prefer and which actor they feel the greatest reliability to. Respondents prefer that knowledge should be conveyed by including the school system and the media. Reliable traders considered in the dissemination of information to be authorities, researchers and organizations.
Karlsson, Niklas. "Hälsobaserade riktvärden för arsenik, bly och kadmium på förorenad mark : En undersökning av riktvärdenas känslighet för val av toxikologiska gränsvärden (TGV)." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38077.
Full textHallberg, Bengt. "Upptag av bly, kadmium, tallium, torium och uran i vete, råg, sallat och potatis - resultat från en litteraturstudie och ett dosförsök." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-36126.
Full textThis study deals with the uptake of noxious metals lead, cadmium, thallium, thorium and uranium in some important crops such as wheat, rye, potatoes, and lettuce that are used for human consumption. The aim was to study factors and mechanisms that influence crop uptake of these metals. Another objective was also to define the impact of these factors on crop uptake of Pb, Cd, Tl, Th and U. According to a literature review domesticated crops such as wheat, potatoes, rye, and lettuce take up Pb, Cd, Tl, Th and U. Lettuce and potatoes are the crop with the highest uptake. Elevated metal concentrations in arable land therefore entails a greater risk for harmful concentrations found in potato and lettuce. Increased concentrations of these elements in soil solution and growing medium usually give higher metal concentrations in the current crop. The highest concentrations are found mostly in the roots. Phosphate fertilizers may contain Pb, Cd, Tl, Th and U depending on the type of raw material used for manufacturing. Studies show that the cadmium content in phosphate fertilizer can give an increased cadmium content in crops such as rye, wheat, potatoes and lettuce. An increased use of phosphate fertilizers also appears to give higher levels of thorium and uranium in wheat. Animal manure from cattle may reduce the uptake of lead and cadmium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can bind metals such as lead and cadmium to rot tissues and thus reduce the accumulation in plant parts used for human consumption. Wheat uptake of cadmium and uranium was studied in an experimental hydroponic dose study. The results of the experimental study indicated that elevated cadmium and uranium content in the nutrient solution increased the content of the element in the plant, which in turn may have affected the growth of the plant. The uranium sample series showed that perlite adsorbed uranium. Based on data from the trials the distribution constant Kd for dissolved uranium / uranium content in perlite was calculated. The results from the uranium sample series showed that the root through an active process took up uranium from the nutrient solution. The results indicate that there are risks associated with eating crops grown in soils with high levels of Pb, Cd, Tl, Th and U. Hazardous concentrations may be reached in the crops with no visible signs of contamination or poisoning.
Puskar, Aldijana. "Vätskor i indirekt energiöverförande kylsystem och deras potentiella inverkan på miljön." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-30777.
Full textThe aim of the study is to identify the contents of the fluids in indirect cooling systems and to assess their potential environmental impact of emissions. System fluid that was collected from system 5 to 8 in the return conduit on brine 1 in each system has high oxygen content, conductivity and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which gives great risk of degradation and corrosion. These systems should be degassed or replaced. System fluid from the system 3, 7 and 8 have shown that zinc and nickel concentrations have exceeded the limit values which could have toxic / very toxic effects on aquatic animals and plants. Copper, zinc and nickel inhibits nitrification, which means that they affect the biological treatment stage, out in the wastewater treatment plant negatively. It was revealed by the valuation model that there are seven main important parameters/components namely, COD (chemical oxygen demand), zinc, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, nickel and pH which have shown elevated concentrations in the fluid. Environmental impact is primarily in the form of the influence of metals and degradation of habitat, species etc. In conjunction with the release, metals would have very toxic effect on most aquatic animals and plants.
Björnberg, Inez, and Hanna Unsbo. "Biokolsproduktion från släke : En studie om lämpligheten att producera biokol från gotländska alger och vattenlevande växter." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256338.
Full textThe Baltic sea has multiple environmental problems, such as over-fertilization and high concentration of certain heavy metals, caused by human activity. Yearly, beach-cast is washed up on the shores of Gotland and this biomass is today not utilised to a considerable extent. This report aims to assess the suitability of producing biochar from the left over beach-cast. During this study a visit to Gotland, interviews and a literature study has been completed, which has laid the groundwork for calculations of energy and material balances regarding algae-based biochar production. The beach-cast contains approximately 0.9 mg cadmium per kg and consists of 80 % water, in which common species found are eelgrass and furcellaria, among others. For the calculations of energy- and material balances, two different pretreatment alternatives were used before the pyrolysis. Alternative A simply uses preheating and alternative B consist of a composting step before a finishing preheating session. The most energy efficient was alternative B as the power consumption per kilo produced biochar was 14,5 MJ/kg compared to 29,8 MJ/kg. The use of beach-cast for manufacturing biochar has benefits as well as disadvantages. Beach-cast is an unexploited resource that could be used for biochar production, but on the other hand the process is demanding energy-wise due to the high amount of water in the biomass. The utilisation of cadmium rich biochar is also problematic due to the risk of the heavy metal leaching. Based on the results it is therefore complicated to estimate the suitability of a beach-cast based biochar.
Trsková, Nikol. "Vliv kadmia na obsah vybraných prvků v ječmenu jarním (Hordeum sativum L.)." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257366.
Full textJungová, Michaela. "Vliv dlouhodobého hnojení travního porostu na obsah rizikových prvků v půdě." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316001.
Full textHanna, Åbrink. "Nturlig förekomst av arsenik, bly och kadmium i enskilda dricksvattenbrunnar i norr- och västerbotten : Samband med jordarter. identifiering av riskområden samt följder av klimatförändringar." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149189.
Full textKaya, Ferhat, and Rezhin Kader. "Möjligheter och hinder att använda uppsamlad tång och sjögräs som biogödsel i Sydöstra Sverige." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253838.
Full textAround the coasts of Sweden there is a distribution of macroalgae that rots which causes it to smell bad and it also leaks nutrition back to the ocean which causes a growth in local eutrophication. Especially the southern eastern part of Sweden is affected by this, including the landscapes Skåne, Blekinge, Öland and Gotland. These macroalgaes have previously been used within agriculture as fertilizer because of its high nutritional content but the introduction of inorganic fertilizers has decreased the use of macroalgaes. This study compiles the data from reports gathered on the southeastern coasts of Sweden to map out how the concentrations of cadmium can vary depending on position and time. Furthermore, calculations were made regarding the potential replacement of macroalgae with different types of manure by comparing the amount of nutrients that each fertilizer contains. The results showed that 22 of 104 collected values of cadmium concentrations exceeded the limit of 2 mg Cd/Kg TS and that there are local variations when it comes to cadmium content in macroalgaes. Calculations showed that the macroalgae can probably replace the manure from cow and pig, mainly because of its similarities in nutrient contents. The limiting factor to how well the inorganic fertilizer can be replaced is the amount of macro algae on the coasts - there are small amounts. The infusion of cadmium however is too large and exceeds the limit of 0,75 grams per acre. The conclusion is therefore that macroalgae should not be used alone for food crops as the cadmium levels are too high. It can instead be used for non-food crops or combine the macroalgae with inorganic fertilizers to keep the cadmium levels low while also mitigating the eutrophication of the Baltic sea.
Sandra, Petrović. "Voltametrijske metode zasnovane na ugljeničnim elektrodama modifikovane kompozitima na bazi višezidnih ugljeničnih nanocevi i čestica bizmuta ili antimona za određivanje odabranih ciljnih analita." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110948&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textThe aim of this Ph.D. thesis was the development of new, sensitive, selective and economically viable voltametric working electrode for continuous monitoring of different target analytes. The use of these advantaged working electrodes was investigated using voltametric methods both in model solutions and in certain real systems.SW-ASV based on glassy carbon electrode surface modified with Bi- MWCNT and BiOCl-MWCNT were applied for determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Voltametric determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions was performed at working potential of -1.2 V (measured against the saturated calomel electrode) and time of electrodeposition of 120 s. All measurements were performed in acetate buffer solution pH 4.0. Concentration range of targetanalites were 5-50 μg dm -3 . Using this type of electrode, obtained detection limits for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions were 0.57 μg dm -3 and 1.2 μg dm -3 , respectively, with RSD lower than 10%.This method was applied for target ions determination in sediment pore water sample, and obtained results are comparable with those who are obtained using GFAAS method. Bismuth oxychloride-multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite material was applied for surface modification of the glass-carbon electrode for quick and simple voltametric determination of Zn(II) ions using the SW-ASV method. BiOCl-MWCNT/GCE showed a linear analytical response in a concentration from 2.50 to 80.0 μg dm -3 with a value of detection limit 0.75 μg dm -3 at a acumulation time of 120 s and an electrodeposition potential of -1.40 V vs. saturated calomel electrode. Measurements were carried out in acetate buffer pH 4.5. The obtained value of the RSD was 4.8%. The performance of the newly designed BiOCl-MWCNT/GCE electrode, traditional bismuth-based electrode (BiF/GCE), MWCNT/GCE, BiF-MWCNT/GCE and unmodified GC electrodes were compared. The applied electrode shows very good electroanalytic properties when determining this target ion. Obtained results are in good agreement with declared value in case of dietetic suplement, and in the brewer’s yeast sample results were comparable with FAAS results. Carbon paste electrode surface modified with new composite material based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and Sb2O3 particles. The composite is characterized by TEM, EDS and XRD measurment. Sb2O3- MWCNT/CPE was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and measurements were carried out in a hydrochloric acid solution (pH 2.0). Using the SWASV method, this working electrode was used to determine Pb(II), Cd(II) ions in the concentration range from 2.0 to 40.0 μg dm -3 for Pb(II) and 2.0-40.0 μg dm -3 for Cd(II) ions. Newly designed sensor showed good linear dependences for both target ions. The most optimal procedure involving application of Sb2O3-MWCNT/CPE in .01 mol dm -3 hydrochloric acid, with electroposition time of target ions 120 s at a electrodeposition potential of -1.2 V. Obtained values of LOD 1,1 μg dm -3 for Cd(II) and for 1,6 μg dm -3 Pb(II) ions. An optimized method based on this type of voltametric sensor has been successfully applied for determination of Cd(II) ion in a spiked tap water sample. Results obtained during this measurment were in tune with expected results. CPE was surface modified using Sb2O3-MWCNT nanocomposite material and tested for direct voltametric determination of imidacloprid in model solutions. In order to achieve the best analytical performance, experimental conditions of measurement such as the pH value of the supporting electrolyte and conditioning of the voltametric sensor surface havebeen optimized. As an optimum pH value of the supporting electrolyte (Britton-Robinson buffer), a pH 7.0 was selected, and the repeating cycles of the cycling process at least 4 times favorably influenced the stability of the voltametric signals. The optimized method was applied for the SW direct cathodic determination of imidacloprid in the concentration range from 1.41 to 32.77 μg cm -3 with obtained correlation factor of 0.9995. Based on results it can be concluded that developed analytical methods are sensitive, selective, reproducibile and simple, which can enable their application for various number of samples. Measurements in the model and real solutions have demonstrated the possibility of their application in complicated matrices, at different pH, whereby obtained results are in accordance with the results of the applied comparative methods. For obtainig of representative results it is necessary to optimize conditions of measurment which include: selection of substrat electrode, surface modifier and optimization of experimental condition.
Jaskowiecová, Lenka. "Studium bioakumulace vybraných kovů vodním mechorostem Fontinalis antipyretica." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216359.
Full textPavydis, Renaldas. "KARČIOJO KIEČIO (LOT. ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM) VANDENINIO EKSTRAKTO PROTEKCINIO POVEIKIO ĮVERTINIMAS EKSPERIMENTINIAME MODELYJE IN VIVO VEIKIANT KADMIU." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_233501-09334.
Full textThe main objective was to assess wormwood aqueous extract protective activity for rat liver, kidney, heart and brain in experimental model in vivo with orally administrated heavy metal cadmium. Wormwood plant material selected for this study was collected in Švenčioniai region. Plant material had the lowest average cadmium concentration (0.215±0.100 µg/g) compared with plant materials of Vilkaviškis and Ukmergė regions and plant material purchased from pharmacy. We established experimental animal model in vivo, with the aim to evaluate protective effects of wormwood. Experimental model consisted of wormwood aqueous extract preparation, control and experimental groups formation, physiological parameters evaluation, organ sampling, mineralization and toxicological analysis. Adult male Wistar rats were selected for the study. Control group rats were administrated with drinking water ad libitum, Cd group rats - with cadmium chloride aqueous solution (2 mg/l) ad libitum, Cd+KKVE group rats - with cadmium chloride aqueous solution (2 mg/l) ad libitum and wormwood aqueous extract 200 mg/kg/day orally for 30 consecutive days. After euthanasia on the 31st day of the experiment, liver, kidney, heart, and brain samples were mineralized using mineralizator Multiwave 3000. Cadmium concentrations were estimated with Perkin – Elmer Zeeman 3030 electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Average cadmium concentration in control group rat liver was 0.012±0.006 µg/g, Cd group – 0.245±... [to full text]
Čijauskaitė, Kristina. "Cinko ir selenito jonų įtaka redukuoto glutationo koncentracijai ir lipidų peroksidacijai kadmiu paveiktų laboratorinių pelių kepenyse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_215121-90540.
Full textIt was determined, that after 8 h cadmium increased glutathione concentration by 35 % while after 14 days decreased by 35 %. After 8 h both zinc and selenium also increased reduced glutathione concentration, respectively, 27 % and 17 %. Evaluating malondialdehyde concentration in mice liver, it was established, that cadmium increased malondialdehyde concentration after 8, 24 h and 14 days, respectively, 336 %, 218 % and 182 %. When mice liver were affected with zinc and selenium, malondialdehyde concentration increased after 24 h, respectively, 325 % and 437 % and after 14 days, respectively, 162 % and 288 %. To sum up, zinc can protect reduced glutathione from oxidation in mice liver just for 8 h, and after a longer period reduced glutathione is depleted. After 8, 24 h and 14 days both, zinc and selenium are eager to protect liver from lipid peroxidation and after 14 days reduced glutathione from oxidation. Lipids from peroxidation process can protect only green tea extract.
Andersson, Louise. "Avsättningsalternativ för avloppsslam från Gästrike Vatten : Möjligheter att återföra fosforföreningar i avloppsslam till produktiv mark." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172300.
Full textGästrike Vatten is owned by the municipalities of Gävle, Hofors, Ockelbo and Älvkarleby and established in 2008. The company is responsible for handling and treating wastewater in the municipalities. Gästrike Vatten elutes wastewater from approximately 120,000 persons and all in all they handle 11,000 tonnes sewage sludge per year to a total cost of 5,000,000 SEK. Because of the Swedish Parliament’s environmental objectives reutilization of 60 % of the phosphorus from sewage sludge to agricultural soils, Gästrike Vatten now want to investigate possible options for reutilization of their sewage sludge. Gästrike Vatten has six wastewater treatment plants. Except for Duvbacken sewage treatment plant all of them produce sewage sludge with metal concentrations below the maximum permissible value for spreading sewage sludge on agricultural soils. The sewage sludge from Duvbacken comprises of more than 60 % of the total amount managed at Gästrike Vatten. As a result of this, Gästrike Vatten has difficulties reaching the Swedish Parliament’s environmental objectives for reutilization of phosphorous. Today, all sewage sludge from Gästrike Vatten is composted for later use as covering material for landfills. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible options for environmental and economic sustainable reutilization of sewage sludge. This thesis describes Gästrike Vatten’s treatment plants and possible options for reutilization of sewage sludge. A mass balance study was conducted for Duvbacken as well as a detailed study on cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) content in the sludge. The study showed that the only option for Gästrike Vatten to meet the Swedish Parliament’s environmental objectives on reutilization phosphorous is certifying the sewage sludge according to REVAQ with subsequent reutilization to agricultural soils. Consequently, this study focuses on the possibility to implement REVAQ. An increase in concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn in the sewage sludge from Duvbacken during the last years indicates an increase of emissions to the sewerage. The reason may be the abolition of the municipal monopoly on emptying the oil separators. Mapping the sewerage catchment areas and associated industries as well as sampling the effluent, it was found that the major metal contribution to the sewage sludge comes from industrial activities. Industries that can be expected to contribute to excessive release of Cd, Cu and Zn to the sewerage are engineering industries and surface treatment industries. Thus, all the industrial areas containing these industries are of interest in further studies.
Eckert, Andreas, and Cecilia Fransson. "Avena Sativa - En hyperackumulator? : En studie av havres kadmiumupptag." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Kemiteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7799.
Full textJohansson, Martin, and Philip Martell. "Gröna utsikter : En analys av hampas (Cannabis sativa L.) förutsättningar som energigröda i Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Miljövetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28830.
Full textPersson, Max. "Hur tillagning påverkar halterna av toxiska substanser i mat." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261161.
Full textSvozilová, Eva. "Stanovení obsahu kadmia v rostlinném pletivu smrku ztepilého a buku lesního po aplikaci nanočástic oxidu kademnatého." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295648.
Full textNetz, Linda, and Elin Salmonsson. "Biomassa för rening av metallkontaminerat grundvatten : En undersökning av biomassamaterial i Uganda." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147900.
Full textThe world is facing a major water supply problem to solve, as many as 884 million people currently use potentially polluted water sources for their drinking water. This report focuses on one of the affected countries, which is Uganda. The project aims to examine which of the five different Ugandan plants; Erythrina abyssinica, Musa spp, Cyperus papyrus, Imperata cylindrica and Coffea canephora that is the most suitable for purification of cadmium- and lead contaminated groundwater. The cation exchange capacity is determined by laboratory experiment. Literature studies and interviews with a Ugandan postgraduate student are used for the analysis of the plant materials. M. spp has the highest cation exchange capacity and contributes with a lot of waste material; therefore it is considered the most suitable material for purification. The solution could be implemented in the community with a filter made of plant material, if further research is done.
Bjerkendahl, Christel. "Tångodlad potatis- nyttigt eller skadligt?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20875.
Full textDen näring som finns bunden i makroalger, även kallad tång, innehåller rikliga mängder av alla näringsämnen, spårämnen, vitaminer och växthormoner som växter, djur och människor behöver. Alldeles gratis flyter den omkring i världshaven och har skördats och använts av människan under tusentals år. Problemet som uppstått i industrialismens spår de senaste 200 åren är att människan sprider icke önskvärda ämnen till luft, vatten och jord, t.ex. tungmetaller. Makroalger ackumulerar dessa, vilket kan bli ett problem om vi vill äta eller odla i tång. Vid ett odlingsförsök med potatis i tångkompost av Fucus radicans från Östersjön undersöktes metallupptaget i de ätbara knölarna i potatis av sorten ’Cherie’. De tungmetaller som analyserades var bly (Pb), kadmium (Cd), kvicksilver (Hg), arsenik (As) och koppar (Cu). Analysrapporten visade ingen skillnad i upptag av tungmetaller mellan potatis som odlats i tångkompost eller i jord; däremot innehöll knölarna från båda odlingarna högre halter av kadmium och arsenik än normalvärdena i svensk potatis. Halterna är dock långt under EFSA:s gränsvärden. Även odlingssubstraten, dvs. tångkomposten och jorden undersöktes för tungmetallförekomst. Kadmiumhalterna i tångkomposten översteg gränsvärdet för svenska kompostjordar, men de höga kadmiumhalterna reflekterades inte i potatisknölarnas kadmiuminnehåll. Odlingssubstratens ledningstal och pH-värden undersöktes också. Tångkompostens höga ledningstal (10,8 mS/cm) berodde antagligen på otillräcklig sköljning och gjorde den inte idealisk för odling. Trots detta blev skördeutfallet gott. Således kan tångkompost rekommenderas som odlingssubstrat för potatis.
Doskočil, Leoš. "Sorpce směsí kovových iontů na přírodním lignitu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216524.
Full textAlfvén, Tobias. "Bone and kidney effects from cadmium exposure : dose effect and dose response relationships /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-341-4.
Full textJochimová, Eva. "Zastoupení vybraných prvků v lidských vlasech." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216593.
Full textDebnárová, Andrea. "Kontaminace vybraných částí města Brna těžkými kovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216581.
Full textReichstädter, Marek. "Využití techniky difúzího gradientu v tenkém filmu v analýze potravin a v environmentální analýze." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433012.
Full textJohnsson, Cecilia. "Flödesanalys av spårelement från källa till slam." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158558.
Full textMetals are transported to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from diffuse and point sources in the Swedish society, these metals will end up in sewage sludge or receiving water. Sewage sludge contains a lot of plant nutrients, like phosphorus and nitrogen, which should be returned to arable land. But sludge also contains metals and if the metal content is too high the sewage sludge cannot be returned to the arable land. REVAQ is a certification system and the objective with it is to develop and systematize the WWTPs work to improve the wastewater and by that enable the return of plant nutrients to arable land. The accumulation rate of antimony, gold, cadmium, silver and bismuth are high in arable land fertilized by sewage sludge and because of that these trace elements are prioritized in WWTPs, certified by REVAQ, work to improve wastewater. Source Finder (SoFi) is a tool that can be used by the WWTPs to quantify emissions of cadmium, copper, chrome, mercury and zink from identified sources. The objectives of this master thesis were to develop and adapt the tool SoFi to estimate the trace elements antimony, gold, silver and bismuth and to develop the source household by survey the emissions of the trace elements and cadmium in it. Sources of the trace elements in the sewage system were identified by literature and emission coefficients were compiled for those sources that were possible. The new version of Source Finder was tested in the municipal WWTP Käppala and an estimation of the reasonableness of the results was made. The results showed that a good estimation of cadmium flow is made by the tool and that antimony, silver and bismuth flows are underestimated. It was not possible to determine emission coefficients for all identified sources to antimony, silver and bismuth because of the lack of knowledge about these trace elements. No emissions of gold could be quantified and the trace element was therefore not calculated by the tool. Since all identified sources have not been quantified it is not possible to determine whether all sources have been identified or not. The tool is ready to be used by the WWTPs in their work to improve the wastewater, though by quantifying further identified sources the tool will be of better use. To make that possible new studies have to be done.
Flödesanalys av spårelement från källa till slam
Kořínková, Alena. "Stanovení těžkých kovů v odpadních energetických materiálech s využitím sekvenční extrakce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216736.
Full textŠebková, Michaela. "Kontaminace vybraných lokalit města Brna těžkými kovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216565.
Full textChovanec, Petr. "Výskyt těžkých kovů v okolí pozemní komunikace Rudná." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216740.
Full textKováč, Lukáš. "Stanovení těžkých kovů v půdách a sedimentech v oblasti Revúce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216743.
Full textMarek, Milan. "Zhodnocení zátěže půd a sedimentů v oblasti řeky Jihlavy těžkými kovy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216741.
Full textŽidek, Michal. "Stanovení rizikových prvků v půdách s různým antropogenním znečištěním pomocí sekvenční extrakční analýzy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216849.
Full textMíšek, David. "Analýza signálů z transportních a stochastických charakteristik detektorů záření." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217443.
Full textOlsson, Karin. "Jordläkande växter : växters kapacitet att med fytoremediering rena förorenad mark - med exempel och förslag för Ockelbo järnvägsstation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11163.
Full textKrmenčíková, Monika. "Kadmium a jeho potenciální vliv na organismus." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-370493.
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