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1
Mupindu, Wisemen. "The efficacy of education decentralisation policy in Zimbabwe: a case of Kadoma district." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/202.
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The study focused on the efficacy of the democratic education decentralization policy. The study focused on the efficacy of the democratic education decentralization policy implementation of the four schools of Kadoma District in Zimbabwe. The thesis reviewed literature and discussed the concept of the democratic education decentralization policy implementation and how this has been practiced in Zimbabwe. The theoretical basis of democratic education decentralization policies were outlined and the argument for and against the policy discussed. Thus the dissertation explored the concept of education decentralization policy with specific reference to the notions of democratization and participation in Zimbabwe. Besides the qualitative and the quantitative research methods employed, the study was complemented by the observation on the ground and document analysis. The thesis unearthed that; the democratic education decentralization policy is characterized by some successes and problems during implementation of the policy as indicated by the paucity of the teaching and learning resources. The research findings revealed that, there is prevalence of poor learning outcomes at ‘O’ level in schools; the SDCs/SDAs are underutilized sources of school development because they are not fully empowered by the education system since they had a minimum role in participating towards the implementation of the policy in order to acquire the teaching and learning resources at the schools in Kadoma District. The above findings long-established the view held by critical theorists of the Participatory Governance Model that there is a complementary relationship between the participation of the SDC/SDA in acquiring the teaching as well as the learning resources and the academic performance of learners. Thus, the study concluded that decentralization policy implementation was the major driving force in strengthening efficiency and accountability of resources and results.mplementation of the four schools of Kadoma District in Zimbabwe. The thesis reviewed literature and discussed the concept of the democratic education decentralization policy implementation and how this has been practiced in Zimbabwe. The theoretical basis of democratic education decentralization policies were outlined and the argument for and against the policy discussed. Thus the dissertation explored the concept of education decentralization policy with specific reference to the notions of democratization and participation in Zimbabwe. Besides the qualitative and the quantitative research methods employed, the study was complemented by the observation on the ground and document analysis. The thesis unearthed that; the democratic education decentralization policy is characterized by some successes and problems during implementation of the policy as indicated by the paucity of the teaching and learning resources. The research findings revealed that, there is prevalence of poor learning outcomes at ‘O’ level in schools; the SDCs/SDAs are underutilized sources of school development because they are not fully empowered by the education system since they had a minimum role in participating towards the implementation of the policy in order to acquire the teaching and learning resources at the schools in Kadoma District. The above findings long-established the view held by critical theorists of the Participatory Governance Model that there is a complementary relationship between the participation of the SDC/SDA in acquiring the teaching as well as the learning resources and the academic performance of learners. Thus, the study concluded that decentralization policy implementation was the major driving force in strengthening efficiency and accountability of resources and results.
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Metcalf, Stephen Merrick. "Identifying strategies for effective artisanal and small-scale gold mining interventions in Kadoma-Chakari, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1419.
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This thesis examines historical and contemporary artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Kadoma-Chakari, Zimbabwe in order to identify effective strategies to reduce mercury loss and exposure and to increase miners’ incomes by improving gold recoveries. Cyanidation of mercury-rich tailings and the use of nitric acid to leach mercury from cathode sludge and amalgams are identified as significant pathways for losses of mercury into the environment in Zimbabwe. Indirect evidence suggests that as much as 90% of the mercury contained in amalgamation tailings at mills in Kadoma-Chakari is dissolved during passive vat cyanidation. Mercury traps placed after copper amalgamation plates and centrifuges could reduce the amount of mercury subjected to cyanidation, but mercury can be kept out of cyanidation circuits altogether by replacing whole ore amalgamation with vinyl loop carpets. The optimal cyanide concentration for passive vat leaching is between 0.1 to 0.15%. Better management of nitric acid waste solutions can also significantly reduce mercury losses. The current political and socio-economic crisis significantly limits the effectiveness of ASGM programs in Zimbabwe. Nevertheless, strategies for more effective management of ASGM interventions are suggested by a review of the history of didactic theatre (Theatre for Development) in Africa. Theatre used as an awareness building tool is exemplified by “Nakai”, a drama produced in Kadoma-Chakari to increase knowledge of the hazards of mercury use. Theatre can also be a means to ensure horizontal communication between donors and project beneficiaries if it is used to stimulate discussions that give communities a real voice in development programs. It is proposed that community participation in project design, implementation and evaluation increases the likelihood of project success and sustainability because community-identified problems and solutions are more realistic than those defined by donors, and because community “buy in” and ownership increases pressure on project administrators to deliver the services communities need.
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Mazise, Amos. "Challenges and prospects of quality primary education in Zimbabwe rural schools: a case study of Kadoma rural schools." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/569.
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The study focused on investigating challenges and prospects of quality education in rural primary schools in developing countries particularly in Zimbabwe. Reviewed literature indicated that two theories; education as human capital and education as human right advanced increased access to education. Decline of quality of education in the expansion programme portrayed by the decrease of pass rates to below 50 percent, pupils’ low literacy and numeracy prompted investigation. A case study of Ngezi rural primary schools was explored using a sample of 50 respondents selected through stratified random technique. Data were gathered by a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods defined as triangulation. Self- administered questionnaires for heads and teachers, interview guide for grade 7 pupils and SDC and observation guide were the instruments employed for data collection. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics. Findings were that quality of universal education was affected by inadequate supporting inputs and facilities, inappropriate teaching methods and unmotivated teachers. However 80 percent of the schools were staffed with qualified teachers depicting government’s commitment to quality education. 40 % of the schools without qualified leadership were indicative of the effect of poor school conditions to staff turn up. In studies carried out in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and India quality also declined as access was increased due to similar causes. Recommendations were to create a strong collaboration among stakeholders through communication to ensure the four conditions for quality are met simultaneously as they are interdependent and reforming the curriculum to suit means and needs of the people.
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Chigumira, Easther. "An appraisal of the impact of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme on land use practices, livelihoods and the natural environment at three study areas in Kadoma District, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005489.
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This research appraises the impact of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme at three resettled communities in Kadoma District, Zimbabwe. In particular it assesses the livelihood practices of land recipients and their effects on the natural environment. Two of the communities, Lanteglos and CC Molina were resettled under the A1 villagised and self-contained settlement scheme and are found in the Natural Farming Region III. Pamene, the third community, was resettled under the A2 small-scale commercial settlement scheme and is found in the Natural Farming Region IIb. Multiple research methods including household surveys, interviews, observations, reviews of literature and map construction through the use of Geographic Information Systems, allowed for the collection of empirical, descriptive, and spatial data to provide for the appraisal. The land use practices included dry land crop production, livestock rearing, vegetable gardening and exploitation of the natural environment for a variety of purposes. Farming was mostly subsistence with the use of traditional equipment by all three communities. Tenure was perceived to be insecure by beneficiaries and although a variety of papers to show ownership were held, none provided for leasing or freehold tenure. Despite acquiring natural capital from the resettlement process, the findings of this research show low levels of financial, physical and social capital amongst beneficiaries. Moreover climatic variability, the declining macro-economic and unstable political environment and little support from government have adversely affected the livelihoods of beneficiaries. The implication of all this has been a reduction in livelihoods that are based solely on agricultural production, leading to off-farm practices primarily exploiting the natural environment. The long term effect would be increased degradation of the environment, leading to reduced arable and grazing land, and thereby hindering sustainable livelihoods from farming. Recommendations are proposed based on this research’s findings being typical in Zimbabwe. Central to this is the need for government to revise its present land policy and, provide for a comprehensive and holistic land policy that should be based on the vision of how agriculture should evolve in Zimbabwe
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Igah, Emmanuel. "Kaduna dans le réseau urbain nigérian." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040080.
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"Kaduna dans le réseau urbain nigérian", est un thème d'étude significatif et d'actualité à un moment où les impacts de l'urbanisation rapide et mal maitrisée, préoccupent de plus en plus les citadins et les pouvoirs publics au Nigéria. Ce travail se situe dans le cadre de la recherche d'un système d'outils d'analyse permettant de mieux comprendre le processus complexe du développement urbain au Nigéria. Il s'articule sur trois axes d'étude majeurs, à savoir, -l'étude de la formation et du fonctionnement du réseau urbain national. -l'analyse des facteurs et des paramètres qui entrent en jeu dans l'urbanisation au Nigéria à travers une étude spécifique portant sur une ville typique de la situation urbaine présente. Kaduna, ville dont la population s'élevait à 1,2 millions d'habitants en 1989, a été choisie pour son rôle particulier dans le réseau urbain national. -des réflexions sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour maitriser le développement urbain au Nigéria et à Kaduna en particulier. Des propositions ont été faites pour améliorer le fonctionnement du réseau urbain et pour remédier aux problèmes auxquels Kaduna est actuellement confrontée. ""Kaduna in the Nigerian urban network" is a significant and current theme of study at a time when the impacts of rapid and uncontrolled urbanization are increasingly preoccupying urban dwellers and public authorities in Nigeria. This work is aimed at finding a system of instruments of analysis that would help to understand the complex process of urban development in Nigeria. It is articulated on three major axis of study, namely: -the study of the formation and functioning of the national urban system. - analysis of the factors and parameters that come into play in urbanization in Nigeria, through the case study of a city that epitomizes the present urban situation. Kaduna, a city which had a population of 1, 2 million inhabitants in 1989, was chosen for its peculiar role in the national urban network. - reflexions on the means of controlling urban development in Nigeria and particularly in Kaduna. Propositions were made about how to improve the functioning of the urban network and solve the problems with which Kaduna is confronted
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Carneiro, Alan Silvio Ribeiro 1981. "Kadosh e o sagrado de Hilda Hilst." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270179.
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Orientador: Suzi Frankl SperberDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:11:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carneiro_AlanSilvioRibeiro_M.pdf: 1275298 bytes, checksum: a2095894261d8a6754cc30f18b7a7e95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Hilda Hilst (1930-2004) publicou diversos livros de poesia nos anos de 1950 e 1960 e ainda escreveu algumas obras teatrais entre 1967 e 1970. O surgimento em 1970 da sua primeira obra em prosa é um momento importante de construção do seu projeto literário onde os limites entre vida e obra começam a ser cada vez mais estreitados. A pesquisa desta dissertação quer contribuir para a compreensão deste contexto a partir de uma leitura do conto Kadosh, publicado no ano de 1973, na obra de mesmo nome, tendo como foco a questão do sagrado. A metodologia utilizada partiu da leitura desta obra e do conjunto da produção de Hilda Hilst, para em seguida investigar no arquivo, em fotos, cartas, anotações e originais, os rastros da emergência desta problemática na obra da autora. O destaque particular foi dado para o período entre o final dos anos de 1960 e começo dos anos de 1970, relacionados ao contexto específico de produção de Kadosh. O resultado da pesquisa são os quatro ensaios, independentes, mas interconectados que se apresenta neste trabalho: o primeiro abordando como a questão do sagrado emerge enquanto um problema literário para Hilda Hilst, através da análise de algumas correspondências que tratam do ofício da literatura, apontando indiretamente como se configura para a autora uma imagem privada de si, nos anos de 1950 e 1960; o segundo enasio parte de excertos de textos e de originais para mostrar como se configura a problemática do sagrado na sua obra literária até a publicação da coletânea de Kadosh, apontando ao final, através da análise de alguns excertos críticos, como se forma uma imagem pública da autora, à época da publicação do conto, nos anos de 1973-74; o terceiro parte do campo de significações relacionados à religiosidade que estão presentes nos rastros do arquivo, para produzir uma interpretação de Kadosh, do ponto de vista do seu universo referencial e o último ensaio tece considerações sobre a forma como se caracteriza a escritura da autora no texto e que gera contradições com relação ao conjunto de representações religiosas do conto, constituindo-se deste modo a sua aproximação particular ao sagrado. Como subproduto da pesquisa produziu-se ao final uma edição comentada de Kadosh que aponta parte das referências feitas na obra. A conclusão desta pesquisa indica como, no trabalho com o arquivo, a relação vida e obra se constitui como um amálgama indissociável que determina o percurso da interpretação, sendo um lugar de contradição e um desafio para a crítica.
Abstract: Hilda Hilst (1930-2004) published some books of poetry in the 1950's and 1960's and wrote some drama from 1967 to 1970. The appearance of her first book in prose, in 1970, is an important moment in the building of her literary project, when the limits between her personal life and her literary work get closer. The research os this dissertation intends to contribute to the understanding of this context, with an interpretation of the short story Kadosh, published in 1973, in the book with the same name, with a focus in the question of sacrality. The methodology began with the reading of this story and all the published books of Hilda Hilst, after this it was done a research in the archives, working with photos, letters, booknotes and the originals, looking for the signs of the appearance of this question in the work of the writer. The main attention was directed to the period between the end of the 1960's and the begining of the 1970's, more related to the context of Kadosh. The results of all this research are the four related essays, which are presented here: the first one analyses the appearance of the sacrality as a literary question for Hilda Hilst, working with some letters, which have as theme the problem of the writer's work, showing up Hilst's image of her own, in the 1950's and 1960's; the second essay choose some excerpts of Hilst's published books, of her originals and of some articles published in the print about Kadosh, showing up Hilst's public image, in 1973-74; the third one began with an analysis of the religious references, which can be seen in the signs of the archive to produce an interpretation of Kadosh; by the end, the last one is an analisys of the writing of the author in the short story, which produces a contradiction with the religious representations of Kadosh and constitutes the special approach of Hilst to sacrality. As another result of this research, it was organized a commented edition of the short story Kadosh, which indicates part of the references alluded by the text. The conclusion of this work show up how in the work with the archives, the relation between life and literary work as one whole directs the way of interpretation and build a place of contradictions, which plays a role in making the criticism a challenge.
Mestrado
Literatura Brasileira
Mestre em Teoria e História Literária
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Zemanová, Veronika. "Vliv kadmia na oxidační stres u rostlin." Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259629.
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The two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens originating from two differently contaminated sites (Redlschlag, Austria; Ganges, France), N. praecox (Mežica, Slovenia), Arabidopsis halleri and Spinacia oleracea were studied to compare Cd accumulation and tolerance. After 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of cultivation in Cd contaminated soil (30, 60 and 90 mg Cd/kg soil) for hyperaccumulators and 25, 40, 55 and 75 days of cultivation in Cd contaminated soil (30, 60 and 90 mg Cd/kg soil) for spinach gas-exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration), fatty acids, macro- and microelements were determined as well as N utilization by plants. Noccaea species and A. halleri showed similar changes in yield of biomass, Cd content and total content of amino acids. These species confirmed differences in the profile and contents of individual free amino acids. The comparison between Noccaea species showed that Cd stress resulted in similar changes of gas-exchange parameters. Contrasting responses of plants to Cd contamination were confirmed in macro- and microelements contents, fatty acids and amino acids metabolism. Spinach showed contrasting response to cadmium compared to hyperaccumulators, especially in profile of free amino acids and fatty acids.
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Nmadu, Awawu Grace. "Access and utilization of reproductive health services among adolescents in Kaduna North local governemnt, Kaduna State North-West, Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6037.
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Magister Public Health - MPH (Public Health)A considerable proportion of adolescents in Nigeria are sexually active and involved in unprotected sexual activities with multiple partners. Consequently, these adolescents suffer high rates of sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancy, and unsafe abortions. Many adolescents in Nigeria lack comprehensive knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and face significant barriers to accessing quality sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS).This study was conducted because of paucity in information on the factors influencing access to and utilization of reproductive health services (RHS) among adolescents in Nigeria. The study aimed to explore the factors influencing adolescents" access to and utilization of RHS in Kaduna North local government area, North-Western Nigeria.
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Kay, David Neil. "The transplantation, development and adaptation of Zen and Tibetan Buddhism in Britain." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365845.
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Zubairu, Salihu Mustapha. "A history of industrial development in the Kaduna state of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1496.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements
for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History at the University of Zululand 2016The study examines the historical process that laid the solid foundation for the establishment of industries in Kaduna State. The study argues and demonstrates that Kaduna possesses large markets and cheap labour occasioned by the incessant migration to the town at the early period of its establishment. Availability of raw material and its strategic location with regard to industrialization at both federal and state level led not only the establishment of industries but to the proliferation of large, small and medium industries in the state. The study also establishes that infrastructure such as adequate electricity, a good road network, and a reliable water supply have played a critical role in the survival of such industries. It is shown in the research that the industries enjoyed prosperity and development for nearly two- and-a-half decades after 1954. Industrial decline began in 1976 with the nationalization and indigenization of the industrial sector of Nigeria. By the late 1980s a number of industries had collapsed as a result of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) which gave room for second tie foreign exchange market. This resulted to a substantial devaluation of the naira, the abolition of import licences, changes to import duties intended to reduce the protection of domestic industries and the import-dependence of manufacturing, the abolition of export duties, deflationary management policies, deregulation of the banks, and a programme of privatization for some parastatals. Production and use of locally produced basic intermediate inputs by local industries were discouraged. The profitability of local production compared to imports fell significantly because of the substantial depreciation of the exchange rate of the naira against major international currencies. The study also establishes that other factors had contributed immensely on the decline and eventual collapse of industries in Kaduna state, import of foreign goods and materials, lack of proper control of borders, and the negligent attitude of politicians with the helm of the country’s affairs in their hands, production of inferior goods, corruption, and unfavourable and multiple taxation, among other things. The study also establishes that the collapse of industries in Kaduna state has created a wide economic gap which may take a long time to be filled. The effects include widespread unemployment, with hundreds of thousands of workers losing their jobs, particularly in the manufacturing industries such as textiles and food processing; widespread insecurity and interethnic religious crises in virtually all the nooks and crannies of Kaduna state. In fact the current security challenges that the country faces have a direct connection with the proliferation of unemployed youths. Poverty and popular hostility are increasing, which has created a huge problem the state which is finding them very difficult to contain. Finally, the study offers suggestions for the way forward. The challenges facing the power sector (shortages) must be squarely addressed, especially in the areas of energy generation, transmission, and distribution; corruption; unfavourable policies and multiple-taxation. When these are addressed, Kaduna State and Nigeria in general can be reindustrialized since they have both the human and mineral resources for such enterprise.
Tertiary Educational Trust Fund
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Akbulut, Hasan. "Kadına melodram yaraşır : Türk melodram sinemasında kadın imgeleri /." İstanbul : Bağlam, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41254519r.
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Angerbrandt, Henrik. "Placing Conflict : Religion and politics in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120386.
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Decentralisation and federalism are often said to mitigate conflict by better meeting the preferences of a heterogeneous population and demands for limited autonomy. But it is argued in this thesis that this perspective does not sufficiently address the ways in which conflict-ridden relations entangle processes across different scales ‒ local, regional as well as national. The aim of this thesis is to explain how it is that while decentralisation may contribute to national stability, it may simultaneously generate local conflict. This problem is analysed through a conflict in Kaduna State in north-central Nigeria where there have been outbreaks of violence between Hausa-Fulani Muslims and Christians of different ethnicities since the 1980s. Christian ethnic groups claim to be excluded from state benefits, while Muslim groups claim that Christians have undue influence over the state bureaucracy. The conflict feeds off ethnic and religious mobilisation. Expanded local political space further fuelled the conflict following the decentralisation that came with the shift from military to civilian rule in 1999. Decentralisation in Nigeria implies that the authorities should be associated with the majority ethnicity or religion in a specific territory. A localisation of politics accordingly raises the stakes in identity-based conflicts, especially as control of local institutions is necessary for inclusion in wider political processes. In Kaduna, this has led to demands for separating the state on a religious and ethnic basis. Actors make use of “scalar politics” to conform to or challenge boundaries set by the state. Social relations are associated with different boundaries. Accordingly, decentralisation triggers conflicts on an identity basis, involving contestation over the hierarchy of scales. While national struggles between ethnic and religious groups may be subdued, conflicts play out locally as decentralisation in Nigeria makes religion and ethnicity a powerful tool for political mobilisation.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.
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Mackowiak, Karin. "Du mythe et de l'histoire : la fondation thébaine de Kadmos." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20014.
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Une nouvelle approche du mythe de la fondation de Thèbes par Kadmos est menée. L'herméneutique du Mythe et l'historiographie sont au centre du problème. Le but est de montrer comment une collectivité béotienne a enregistré dans sa légende des origines certains faits historiques. .The myth of the theban fondation is submitted to a new approach. The problems of hermeneutic of Myth and ancient historiography are central. The aim consist to show how a boetian community has recorded in its legends of the origins some historical facts
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Bühler, Lea Katharina [Verfasser], Kadow Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunwald, Kadow Ilona [Gutachter] Grunwald, and Stephan [Gutachter] Herzig. "Lipocalin 13 in Systemic Energy Homeostasis / Lea Katharina Bühler ; Gutachter: Ilona Grunwald Kadow, Stephan Herzig ; Betreuer: Ilona Grunwald Kadow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235664554/34.
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Fenlason, Joel W. "Accuracy of tropical cyclone induced winds using TYDET at Kadena AB." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FFenlason.pdf.
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Kay, David N. "Tibetan and Zen Buddhism in Britain : transplantation, development and adaptation /." London : RoutledgeCurzon, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip046/2003014995.html.
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Pareigis, Christina. ""Trogt zikh a gezang ..." : jiddische Liedlyrik aus den Jahren 1939-1945 : Kadye Molodovsky, Yitzhak Katzenelson, Mordechaj Gebirtig /." München ; Hamburg : Dölling und Galitz, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392111209.
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Trsková, Nikol. "Vliv kadmia na obsah vybraných prvků v ječmenu jarním (Hordeum sativum L.)." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257366.
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The theoretical part of the thesis consists of research on the spring barley and chemical composition of its grains. Attention is paid to the stress factors which has inpact on plants such as heavy metals and in particular cadmium and its influence on the plants. The last part deals with the importance of selected trace elements such as copper, iron, manganese and zinc.
The experimental part of the work is devoted to the influence of cadmium contamination on content of selected elements which are copper, iron, manganese and zinc in plants of spring barley. Two experiments were performed. In both experiments, plants were hydroponically cultivated in Knop nutrient solution. Plants were divided into two parts in each experiment, the first part was cultivated without contamination and served as a control samples, the second part was contaminated. The third day of cultivation was added CdCl2.2,5 H2O at a concentration of 10-5 mol/l to the nutrient solution of the second part. In the first experiment the plants were harvested on the 10th day of cultivation and divided into roots, hypocotyls and shoots. In the second experiment were plants harvested on the 13th day of cultivation and separated into roots, hypocotyls, stem base, 1st (oldest), 2nd and 3th (youngest) leaf. From each part of the plant were prepared samples, which were mineralized and consequentely was measured using the ICP-OES method the content of the above mentioned metals in the contaminated and control-sample plants and the content of cadmium in the contaminated plants. The content of cadmium in the control-sample plants was measured by the ETA-AAS. The measured datae were analyzed and described in to the taps and graphs. Highest concentration of cadmiu was discovered in roots of the control sample plants, in case of the first experiment the roots contained 91 %, in the second 95,5 % from the entire amount of cadmium contained in the plant. As a result of the contamination changes in contents of the selected elements ocured. In both of the experimentes the amount of Cu in roots increased, in the upper part of the plants (shoots) the amount was lower comparing
non-contaminated plants. The iron content in the first experiment increased in roots and hypocotyl, in the upper part of the plants (shoots) the content decreased in comparison with control variant. In the second experiment, was the iron content lower in all plant parts. The manganese content was lower in the contaminated plants in almost all parts, only in the first experiment was found minimal increase of manganese content in roots. In both experimentes was found minimal change in content of zinc in roots, in the first experimente increased zinc content in hypocotyls and decreased in the upper part of the plants (shoots), while in the second experiment there was little change of content in hypocotyls but zinc increased in the upper part of the plants (shoots).
The deferences in results of both experimentes may be dependent on varions lenght of the cultivation.
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Kadow, Maria [Verfasser]. "Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases involved in camphor degradation / Maria Kadow." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1029396892/34.
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Hyuwa, B. A. "The impact of rural-urban migration : A case study in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372208.
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Ragnjiya, Toma Hamidu. "A model for peace building in the ethno-religious conflict in Kaduna, Nigeria." Ashland, OH : Ashland Theological Seminary, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.028-0298.
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Queiroz, Veronica Santana. "Morte e subjetividade na hipermodernidade: a perspectiva do Budismo da Nova Tradição Kadampa." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7237.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA proposta do trabalho é analisar como a morte é entendida pela visão da hipermodernidade e pela visão do Budismo. Na contemporaneidade cuja lógica capitalista é embasada na lógica do mercado onde o consumo assume o papel principal, a morte se tornou um tabu, onde ela é evitada, esvaziada de sentido e descaracterizada. A dor e o sofrimento são depreciados e é exigido do homem uma inabalável postura performática e um desempenho cada vez melhor. Há ainda a crença de que o discurso tecnocientífico trará todas as soluções para as mazelas humanas. A felicidade é, portanto, um imperativo da sociedade hipermoderna e sua busca é exteriorizada isentando os indivíduos de um olhar crítico. Assim, a morte e o luto perdem seu lugar para a busca incessante de satisfação e bem-estar. O Budismo tem uma lógica que segue na contramão. Ensina que a existência humana no Samsara é constituída por principalmente quatro sofrimentos básicos: nascimento, envelhecimento, doença e morte. O Budismo ensina que a morte, assim como a vida, é um fenômeno comum a todos os seres vivos e que o exercício budista possibilita compreender o real significado da vida e da morte. A meditação sobre a impermanência, uma das práticas budistas, visa familiarizar o adepto budista a três pensamentos: certamente vou morrer; a hora da minha morte é totalmente incerta e na hora da minha morte e, depois dela, só a prática do Dharma vai me ajudar. Postula que para alcançar a verdadeira felicidade o homem deve provocar uma mudança interior, exercitar a compaixão e se desapegar da crença de que os fenômenos são permanentes e imutáveis. Tais considerações foram possíveis a partir da pesquisa sobre o Budismo da Nova Tradição Kadampa a partir de uma metodologia etnográfica que incluíram visitas ao campo de estudo, a confecção de um diário de campo e a realização de entrevistas com os praticantes budistas da Nova Tradição Kadampa.
This work goal is to analyze how the experience of death is understood at the hypermodernity and Buddhist view. In the contemporary in which prevails the capitalistic logic that is based on the market logic towards which the consumption takes the main role, the experience of death has become a taboo, so it ends being avoided, made empty of any sense and so mischaracterized. The pain and the suffering are depreciated and man sees himself being required to have an indestructible performing posture summed to an even better efficient behavior towards this experience. There is also the belief that technological and scientific arguments will bring to humanity all the needed solutions in respect to mankind wounds. Happiness is so the imperative order at the hypermodern societies and its search is externalized from the individuals making them absents of a so called more critical overview. The experience of death and of mourning has lost room enough to the continuously search for satisfaction and well being sensations. The Buddhism and its logic are heading exactly in the opposite direction. It teaches that the mankind existence experience into the so called Samsara is mainly made of four basic suffering experiences: birth, becoming elder, unhealthy lives and death. The Buddhism teaches that the experience of death, as the experience of living, is a common phenomenon that reaches all living creatures and that the Buddhism practice allows the individual to comprehend the real meaning of life and death. The meditation about the impermanence, one of the Buddhist practices, looks for to help and make three different thoughts familiar to the ones adepts of Buddhism: Certainly I will die; My dying moment is totally uncertain and at my death experience moment and, after it, only the Dharma practice can help me. The Buddhism states that to reach the true happiness the men must look for an inside change, practice the compassion and break free from the belief that phenomenons in life are permanent and unchangeable. These above mentioned statements were possible according to the research done about Buddhism on the New Kadampa Tradition through an ethnographic methodology which included visits to the study field, a field diary as their product and interviews with Buddhism practitioners at the Kadampa New Tradition.
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Kadem, Laith [Verfasser]. "Nanostructured and Photoswitchable Biointerfaces for Controlling Cell Adhesion / Laith Kadem." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1123571996/34.
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Demiralay, Mehmet Turan Selami. "Hüdayi-i kadim (16.yy) ve divanı inceleme-tenkidli metin /." Isparta : Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2007. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TS00592.pdf.
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Kadem, Laith F. [Verfasser]. "Nanostructured and Photoswitchable Biointerfaces for Controlling Cell Adhesion / Laith Kadem." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1123571996/34.
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Seitz, Susanne [Verfasser], Kadow Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunwald, Matthias [Gutachter] Blüher, Kadow Ilona [Gutachter] Grunwald, and Stephan [Gutachter] Herzig. "The Role of the Endosomal System on Glucose Metabolism and Diabetes / Susanne Seitz ; Gutachter: Matthias Blüher, Ilona Grunwald Kadow, Stephan Herzig ; Betreuer: Ilona Grunwald Kadow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220319112/34.
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Zaggi, Hilary Yacham. "Contraceptive knowledge and practices among students in federal polytechnic Kaduna, Nigeria : an exploratory study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96083.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Population Reference Bureau (PRB) in 2011 reported a low rate of contraceptive use among Nigerian youths at 29%, despite reported high rates of sexual activity and increased awareness of the existence of contraceptive methods. This exposes the youths to the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections and the effects associated with unwanted pregnancy. From a social constructionist standpoint, I used a mixed method research design to explore contraceptive knowledge and practices among students (18 to 25 years of age) at the Federal Polytechnic Kaduna. I see students’ attitudes towards contraception as being historically and culturally located and dependent on the prevailing cultural arrangement at that period. I thus distance myself from the position of the Health Belief Model (HBM) by recognising that individuals’ attitudes towards contraception is not only informed by the perceived benefits of contraceptive use but also by certain external social factors which could serve as barriers to the individual’s decision to use contraceptives. I collected data from 187 students out of a sample of 200 who had been systematically selected from the Departments of Mass Communication and Architecture at the polytechnic between August and September 2013. In addition, I conducted fifteen follow-up semi-structured interviews with students and three key informant interviews; two staff at the polytechnic clinic and one private pharmacist close to the polytechnic. Similar to other Nigerian studies among tertiary students, there is a relatively high level of sexual activity as well as high level awareness of contraceptive methods among students; however, they lack sufficient knowledge of how contraceptives function. Contraceptive use among sexually active students was also low either due to negative attitudes towards contraceptives resulting from inadequate or incomplete contraceptive information from friends or due to lack of easy access to contraceptive methods by students, partners’ influence or influences from cultural, including religious, beliefs and practices, thereby making students vulnerable to the risk associated with unprotected sex. There is therefore the need for interventions by relevant stakeholders that will seek to provide adequate information to students and develop in them positive attitudes towards contraceptive use.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In 2011 het Nigerië se Bevolkingsverwysingsburo (PRB) ’n lae gebruikskoers van kontrasepsiemiddels (29%) onder Nigeriese jeugdiges gerapporteer, afgesien van die hoë koers van seksuele aktiwiteit en verhoogde bewustheid oor die bestaan van kontrasepsiemetodes. Dit stel jongmense bloot aan die risiko om seksueel-oordraagbare infeksies op te doen, sowel as aan die negatiewe gevolge wat met ongewensde swangerskap gepaard gaan. Vanuit ’n sosiaal-konstruksionistiese standpunt het ek ’n gemengdemetodenavorsingsontwerp gebruik om kennis oor voorbehoedmiddels en gebruike onder studente (18 tot 25 jaar oud) aan die Federal Polytechnic Kaduna (’n politegniese tersiêre instelling) in noordelike Nigerië te ondersoek. Ek beskou studente se ingesteldheid jeens kontrasepsie as histories- en kultuurgefundeerd en onderworpe aan die heersende kulturele reëlings van die tydperk. Ek distansieer my dus van die posisie van die gesondheidoortuigingsmodel (HBM) deur erkenning te gee aan die feit dat individue se ingesteldheid jeens kontrasepsie nie net deur die waargenome voordele van kontrasepsiegebruik ingelig word nie, maar ook deur bepaalde eksterne maatskaplike faktore wat struikelblokke kan skep by ’n individu se besluit om kontrasepsiemiddels te gebruik. Tussen Augustus en September 2013 het ek data van 187 studente uit ’n steekproef van 200, wat stelselmatig in die Departement Massakommunikasie en Argitektuur aan die Politegniese skool gedoen is, versamel. Verder het ek vyftien semigestruktureerde opvolgonderhoude met studente gevoer, asook drie sleutelinformantonderhoude, waaronder twee met personeellede by die Politegniese kliniek en een met ʼn privaat apteker in die omgewing van die Politegniese skool. Soortgelyk aan ander Nigeriese studies onder tersiêre studente het ek gevind dat ofskoon daar ’n relatief hoë seksueleaktiwiteitsvlak, asook ’n hoë bewustheidsvlak van kontrasepsiemetodes onder studente bestaan, die meeste studente onvoldoende ingelig was oor hoe kontrasepsiemiddels regtig werk. Daar is ook gevind dat kontrasepsiegebruik onder seksueel-aktiewe studente weens verskeie faktore redelik laag was, ingesluit negatiewe ingesteldhede oor kontrasepsiemetodes as gevolg van onvoldoende of onvolledige kontrasepsie-inligting (wat hoofsaaklik van vriende bekom is); ’n gebrek aan maklike toegang tot kontrasepsiemetodes; beïnvloeding deur seksmaats; asook invloede vanweë kulturele oortuigings en gebruike, met inbegrip van geloof. Die gevolg is dat studente kwesbaar is vir die risiko’s wat met onbeskermde seks gepaard gaan. Daar bestaan dus ’n behoefte aan intervensies deur die betrokke belanghebbendes wat studente van voldoende inligting sal voorsien en positiewe ingesteldhede oor die gebruik van kontrasepsiemiddels by studente sal kweek.
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Jones, Emma. "Locating citizenship within everyday life;perceptions and experiences from Kwoi, southern Kaduna State, northern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526828.
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Alhassan, Ayanniyi Bako. "The nature and causal factors of truancy in day secondary schools of Kaduna State, Nigeria." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338146.
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Shinkut, Martins Bulus. "Job satisfaction of full-time business faculty of higher education institutions in Kaduna State, Nigeria /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901279.
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Abubakar, Aishatu. "Epidemiology of human and bovine tuberculosis in the Federal Capital Territory and Kaduna State of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1976.
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The epidemiology of bovine and human tuberculosis (TB) was studied in the Federal Capital Territory and Kaduna state of Nigeria using four diagnostic methods; tuberculin test, culture and acid-fast stain of milk, animal (cattle) tissue and human sputum. Two PCR-based molecular techniques (Spoligotyping and Variable Number Tandem Repeat) were used to identify the species and strains of the isolates, while IS61 10-RFLP molecular method was optimised and applied on few samples to deten-nine the efficacy of the method. Of the 967 lactating cows from 57 herds tested for TB, 14.6%, 4% and 81.4% were positive, inconclusive and negative reactors respectively. Tuberculin test also showed that mycobacterial infection was prevalent iii the two management systems studied (nomadic and semi-nomadic), but the effect of management on the prevalence of infection was not significant. However, age was found to play a significant role in the prevalence infection where more positive cases were observed among the older age groups. It was also observed that control policy is either not in place or inadequately implemented in the study area. Of the 156 milk samples collected, 12.6% and 23% were culture and acid-fast positive respectively, while out of the 250 tissue samples 17.3% and 20% were culture and acid-fast positivc respectively. Thii s findiInIIg confirmed a definite relationship between the disease in live and slaughtered cattle. Comparing the three diagnostic methods in 4 detecting mycobacterial infection in cattle, the smear method was found to have detected more positive cases than the tuberculin and culture tests. Of the 900 suspected human TB patients investigated, 27% and 21 A% were culture and acid-fast positive respectively. This trend of high prevalence of TB among human patients in the area is similar to the trend observed among cattle populations; thus indicating a relationship between the disease in human and infection in cattle. In addition, a significant difference in the prevalence of the disease was observed between male and female patients with more positive cases observed among male patients. The prevalence of the disease was aslso found to be significantly higher in patients who did not have BCG vaccination in the past than those who had. It was also observed that the disease was higher in patients who consume raw milk and milk products. The supporting questionnaire survey among herdsmen, abattoir managers and patients further points that there is high possibility of transmitting the disease from cattle to humans. By DNA fingerprinting, strains of M. bovis, M. tuberculosis and M. qtýicanum were identified in cattle and humans respectively; thus indicating a typical animal-to-human and human-to-animal transmissions respectively. Combining the two molecular techniques in this study has vastly improved the level of discrimination of the isolates where of the 71 isolates typed, 49 pattems were produced by the two methods combined together, instead of only 23 and 41 types by spoligotyping and VNTR typing respectively. Of the 21 strains of M. mberculosis obtained in this study, only 5 strains have been descnbed previously in the international databases searched, out of which only 2 of them have been descnbed previously in Nigeria. The result in this study has valuable epidemiological and public health significance and calls for prompt and decisive action fron-i the govemment of Nigena towards controlling this deadly discase in both humans and animals.
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Ojomo, Christian Olafimihan. "The Feasibility of Artificial Insemination of Dairy Cattle Managed by Fulani Tribesmen in Kaduna State, Nigeria." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/153.
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This study sought to determine: (a) the essential elements of a viable artificial insemination program for the Fulani Tribesmen in Kaduna State, Nigeria, and (b) to determine if the essential elements of a viable artificial insemination program exist in Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study was conducted from April 15 to May 15, 1985, in the Artificial Insemination (AI) Subcenters of Zaria, Katsina, Kabomo, Kaduna, Ikara, Zonkwa, Kurmin-Biri, and Kauranjuli. The data presented in this study were collected by personal interviews with Fulani Tribesmen. The population of this study was from a partial list of Fulani Tribesmen who have had AI performed on their dairy cattle by the cooperative inseminators in the subcenters. The statistical analysis showed an overview of herdsmen reactions to each question. The use of additional statistical tests to determine the degree of significance was not appropriate because the respondents were not randomly selected. The writer did not know in advance the number of Fulani Tribesmen that constituted the total population of the AI system in the subcenters. Noneconomic analysis of this research study includes five linked essential elements of a viable AI program. These elements are: (1) high performance bulls with quality semen, (2) skilled dependable AI technicians, (3) healthy cows, (4) functional communication and transportation resources, and (5) cooperative and informed farmers. This study concluded that four of the five essential elements for a viable AI program currently do not exist for the Fulani Tribesmen in Kaduna State, Nigeria. As a result of this study, it was determined a viable AI program for the Fulani Tribesmen in Kaduna State, Nigeria, is not feasible under the present situation.
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Svozilová, Eva. "Stanovení obsahu kadmia v rostlinném pletivu smrku ztepilého a buku lesního po aplikaci nanočástic oxidu kademnatého." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-295648.
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The aim of this thesis is to monitor cadmium content in needles of Norway spruce and European beech leaves after controlled exposure to cadmium oxide nanoparticles and evaluate the potential risks of such nanoparticles to plants. Needles and leaves were harvested after a one-week and two-week exposure and prior to analysis of cadmium content, they were modified using relevant procedures. Samples were mineralized in nitric acid using pressurized microwave mineralizer and subsequently analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with electrothermal atomization of cadmium content. Based on the results AAS analysis the transport of nanoparticles into the plant tissue of studied species was evaluated, comparing the content of cadmium in one week and two weeks experiment in the washed and unwashed samples of needles and leaves.
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Kondo, Hidetoshi. "Panaceas for urban ills : traditional medicine and the management of everyday crises in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300446.
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Alonge, C. O. "The development of the physical planning system in Nigeria : practice and procedures in Oyo and Kaduna States." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367555.
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Lewis, Laurence [Verfasser], and Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Kadow. "A neural circuit for resolving sensory conflict in drosophila / Laurence Lewis ; Betreuer: Ilona Kadow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1114068187/34.
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Kadam, Jitendra V. [Verfasser]. "Integration of Economical Optimization and Control for Intentionally Transient Process Operation / Jitendra V Kadam." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161312412/34.
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Kadam, Pritam Eknath [Verfasser], Wolfram [Gutachter] Sander, and Gerald [Gutachter] Dyker. "Matrix isolation of highly reactive organic intermediates / Pritam Eknath Kadam ; Gutachter: Wolfram Sander, Gerald Dyker." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138835412/34.
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Kobler, Johanna [Verfasser], and Kadow Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunwald. "Neural mechanisms of pathogen-modulated feeding behaviour in Drosophila / Johanna Kobler ; Betreuer: Ilona Grunwald Kadow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223369811/34.
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Nkwogu, Uche Obisike. "Locational and structural potential model for development planning of urban market places : case study of Kaduna city market places." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23789.
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The thesis focuses attention on the unbalanced demand and supply of activity spaces in urban market places, resulting in the congestion of people and vehicles in selected Nigerian market places. A review of existing approaches to retail analyses shows that none offer a sufficient explanation of this phenomenon in a manner that can be useful for planning purposes. This is because, (i) None of these approaches contains explicit inclusion of time in its structure, and (ii) They are designed to predict what is likely to happen as a result of some assumptions, and not the possible range of performance in relation to defined locational and structural potential of the urban market places. A new approach to retail study, which includes the above two factors, is then proposed on these assumptions: (1) That there is strong hierarchical relationship between any pair of demand and supply of activity spaces, (a) for food shopping; (b) for non-food shopping, in an urban market place; (2) That there is strong multiple causal relationship between the growth rate of any demand or supply of activity space, and the locational and structural potential in the urban market place. Case study materials from Kaduna city market places are used to calibrate the equations arising from the propositions 1 (a & b), and 2. The relationships were found to be strong. Examination of the calibrated hierarchical and causal relationships revealed unbalanced distribution, and disproportionate growth rates, of the demand and supply of activity spaces in Kaduna city market places. Four alternative planning strategies were generated. The performance of each over and above the trend strategy, in achieving balanced demand and supply of activity spaces, and in optimising the locational and structural potential in the market places, was evaluated with equations 2 and 1(a & b). The strategy that achieved the best performance, together with the plan management requirements, was recommended as the adopted plan for the market places in the city.
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Üçpunar, Habibe [Verfasser], and Kadow Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunwald. "A neuromodulatory mechanism for state-dependent nutrient detection in Drosophila / Habibe Üçpunar ; Betreuer: Ilona Grunwald Kadow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/114211368X/34.
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Böhm, Ariane [Verfasser], and Kadow Ilona [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunwald. "Neuronal underpinning of reproductive state dependent olfactory behavior in Drosophila / Ariane Böhm ; Betreuer: Ilona Grunwald Kadow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1215499752/34.
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Kadow, Christopher [Verfasser]. "Improving decadal climate predictions by ocean ensemble dispersion filtering and an efficient systematic evaluation / Christopher Kadow." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1178424464/34.
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Tama, Suleiman. "The impacts of ethnic and religious conflicts on internal Diaspora Yoruba speaking baptist churches in Kaduna, northern Nigeria, 1980-2012." Thesis, Liverpool Hope University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.722142.
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Mavalla, Ayuba Gimba. "The role of some selected Christian denominations in conflict transformation in Kaduna and Jos cities in northern Nigeria 1992-2001." Thesis, Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732481.
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Adams, Stefanie [Verfasser]. "Maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity in hospitals in Kano State and Kaduna State, Nigeria : Considerations of prevention and management / Stefanie Adams." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1064024114/34.
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Bagobiri, P. D. "The restucturing of unions in Nigeria and its subsequent impact on industrial relations practice : A study of some enterprises in Kaduna State." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371595.
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Diprose, Rachael. "A comparison of communal conflict dynamics and sub-national patterns of violence in Indonesia and Nigeria, Central Sulawesi Province and Kaduna State." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559824.
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This mixed-methods study compares the processes of violent conflict escalation and de-escalation in two pairs of neighbouring, sub-national regions in Indonesia (Poso and Donggala districts) and Nigeria (Zangon Kataf and Kachia Local Government Areas). Despite similar contextual features, this thesis demonstrates that inter-group tensions have only escalated into repeated episodes of widespread violence in one of the two research sites examined in each country. This thesis argues that the onset of, or escalation in, violent communal conflict involves complex processes that shift inter- group relations back and forth along a continuum, from more peaceful interaction between groups at one extreme, towards repeated episodes of collective violence at the other extreme. In the presence of inter-group tensions, interventions and constraints at different points in the conflict trajectory may prevent tensions culminating in violence, or prevent repeated episodes of collective violence from occurring. Analysis of the evidence suggests that violence at the sub-national level is more likely to occur during periods of political-institutional change that are accompanied by economic decline. At such times, the opportunity for groups to re-negotiate their access to the state is enlarged, as there are higher stakes that encourage groups to participate in both violent and non-violent forms of contestation. Furthermore, at such times, this thesis argues that the risk of violent communal conflict increases when the heterogeneous interests and grievances of group members converge under politically salient identity frames, in opposition to other such groups. This is particularly the case if the convergence of motivations is underpinned by a local history of political or socio- economic inequalities between groups, or the unequal recognition of cultural groups by the state. Furthermore, inequalities between the elites of politically salient groups (for example, in terms of access to power and resources) drive their own interests in mobilising the wider group in collective action. However, power- and resource- sharing, as well as efforts to redress inequalities, can help to de-escalate tensions. Underpinning the shifts of inter-group tensions along the peace-violence continuum towards collective violence are those processes that focus public attention on inter- group differences rather than similarities. Such shifts are also underscored by constellations of actions and events that link past and present, and facilitate the mounting and staging of violence along salient identity group lines (such as the use of emotive group symbols, derogatory slurs, strategically targeted violence and other acts that invite violent reprisals). However, shifts towards more peaceful interaction tend to be driven by events and actions that focus public attention on group similarities and seek to redress inter-group tensions. The overarching argument of this thesis is that in the presence of inter-group tensions, sub-national outbreaks of violence are not always inevitable in plural societies. Supra-local tensions can stimulate communal violence, but repeated episodes of violence tend to occur when there are local roots, particularly those pertaining to inequalities.
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Zachariah, Bulus Takore. "Nurturing honour and shame in stories of the beginning in Genesis : biblical perspectives on human dignity according to cultures in southern Kaduna." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85585.
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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research evaluates and explores the problem of How stories of the beginning impact on the theological understanding of human dignity in relation to Genesis 6:1-4. 1. In this thesis, the first chapter was conducted through a literature study of existing research and current materials which include general articles, monographs and other related materials. It is argued that the stories of the beginning have much impact on the culture of honour and shame in understanding human dignity in southern Kaduna. 2. In the second chapter, the concepts of honour and shame were regarded as reciprocal terms that are defined in webs. As such, semantic fields were used to define and analyse the different views on honour and shame especially from the perspectives of the ancient Near East and Old Testament. 3. In the third chapter, the stories of beginning among the Atyap and their neighbours were related as significant for understanding right and wrong, and identity formation for human dignity and self-respect. 4. Notably in the fourth chapter, honour and shame in narratives are not merely important to the individual but also to the family, clan and tribe. Due to its implication, people worked hard to achieve honour or respect which is mostly bestowed as titles of repute on people. It is established from the creation narratives that Genesis 1-3 has been considered for human dignity research in the past but it is equally important to look at the neglected evidence in Genesis 6:1-4. 5. In the fifth chapter, an exposition of Genesis 6:1-4 was carried out to illustrate the idea of honour from the story about the בְנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים who disrespectfully married the daughters of Cain. The honourable נְּפִלִים and גִברִֹים were interpreted as the sons of Seth who were active, living and had the likelihood of falling into such temptations. The prospect of giants, ―men of name‖ and ―heroes of renown‖ meekly stooping low to the shameful women was unthinkable at that time; as such, a picture of utter disrespect is painted from different angles. 6. In the sixth chapter, the culture of honour and shame required that so much effort be exerted daily on the populace in order to achieve respect. It was recommended that the Old Testament stories of the beginning remained noteworthy for the stories, ethnic groups and languages of southern Kaduna. Essentially, with respect to our question and hypotheses, honour and shame in Old Testament and ancient Near Eastern stories of the beginning facilitated the understanding of southern Kaduna stories. In view of the fact that everyone desires to be important, the notion of honour and shame became the scale for evaluating respect and value. It was equally useful for appreciating human dignity and not just as a tool of entertainment or for promoting cultural heritage, religious/ethical teaching and community interaction. It was concluded that unfamiliar cultures such as those of southern Kaduna can be useful as case studies for Old Testament research in the future and that scholars could focus on such neglected regions. In this research on honour and shame, we have also uncovered a fresh picture of the recreation of the earth and a new beginning of humankind from the story of the בְנֵי־הָאֱלֹהִים in Genesis 6:1-4.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie ondersoek evalueer die probleem wat verband hou met die vraag: Hoe word die begrippe van eer en skaamte uitgebeeld in die verhale oor die begin in suidelike Kaduna kulture en watter rol speel dit binne die handhawing van menswaardigheid in Genesis 6:1-4. 1. Die eerste hoofstuk word ingelei deur 'n literatuurstudie oor joernaalartikels, monografië en ander verwante materiaal. Daar word geargumenteer dat die verhale oor die begin respek in die vorm van eer en skaamte veronderstel en dat dit belangrik is vir die verstaan van menswaardigheid in die kulture van suidelike Kaduna. 2. In die tweede hoofstuk word die begrippe van eer en skaamte as wederkerige begrippe gedefinieer. Semantiese velde is gebruik om die betekenisnuanses van eer en skaamte vanuit ou Nabye Oosterse en Ou-Testamentiese perspektiewe te definieer en te analiseer. 3. Die derde hoofstuk ondersoek die verhale oor die begin wat deur die Atyap en hulle bure oorvertel word en wat as betekenisvol beskou word vir die begrip van reg en verkeerd, sowel as identiteitsvorming en menswaardigheid. 4. Van besondere belang is die vierde hoofstuk waar eer en skaamte se implikasies vir individue, families, sibbes en stamme uitgespel word. Die meeste mense streef na eer as vorm van respek wat veral in die titels en reputasies van mense gereflekteer word. Navorsing oor die skeppingsverhale het aangetoon dat Genesis 1 – 3 baie klem in die verlede ontvang het wanneer menswaardigheid ondersoek is; terwyl die afgeskeepte Genesis 6:1-4 weinig onder die akademiese soeklig geval het. 5. Die vyfde hoofstuk bestaan uit 'n eksegetiese ondersoek van Genesis 6:1-4 wat aantoon dat eer en skaamte betrokke is by die beskrywing van die seuns van God wat op 'n oneervolle manier met die dogters van Kain trou. Eer en skaamte is ook betrokke in die beskrywing van die Nefilim en die Giborim, wat gesamentlik as die seuns van Set verstaan word. Daar bestaan dus 'n teenstelling tussen die eerbiedwaardige reuse, manne van naam en helde met reputasie en die oneerbiedige omgang met die vroue van die aarde. 6. In die sesde hoofstuk word omskryf hoe daar 'n kultuur van eer en skaamte gevestig word ten einde respek af te dwing en menswaardigheid te handhaaf. Hierdie studie het vasgestel dat eer en skaamte van deurslaggewende belang is vir die verstaan van die verhale oor die begin in Kaduna, die ou Nabye Ooste en die Ou Testament. Die algemene strewe na belangrikheid maak eer en skaamte belangrike aspekte van 'n verwysingsraamwerk in terme waarvan respek en waardes beoordeel word. In dieselfde asem moet genoem word dat eer en skaamte 'n nuwe waardering vir menswaardigheid moontlik maak. Onbekende kulture soos die in suidelike Kaduna bied ook nuttige perspektiewe wat konstruktief in Ou-Testamentiese studie benut kan word – die rol van eer en skaamte in die interpretasie van die seuns van God in Genesis 6:1-4 is 'n goeie voorbeeld daarvan.
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