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Gkogkas, Nikoloas. "Nelson Goodman : 'aesthetica (kalo)logica'?" Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402416.
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Kalow, Robert [Verfasser]. "Prävention vor Bleibelastungen bei Sanierungsmaßnahmen / Robert Kalow." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1012091112/34.
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Vassiliou, Efstathia. "La Notion de Kalon dans l'oeuvre de Platon." Aix-Marseille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985AIX1A017.
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Mosná, Silvia. "Účinek emergentních mikropolutantů na proces denitrifikace aktivovaným kalem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409972.
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Diploma thesis Effect of emergent micropolutants on the denitrification process through activated sludge is focused on three specific substances. The substances under investigation are atrazine, terbutylazine and sulfametaxazole. Atrazine and terbutylazine are pesticides, particularly herbicides. Sulfametaxazole was chosen as a common antibiotic. The thesis is summarized into 10 chapters and conclusion. The work consists essentially of theoretical and practical part. Part of the theoretical part of the thesis is legislation that deals with the matters of the problem with micropolutants. The next chapter is an introduction to the issue, where we want to familiarize the reader with the current situation. There are also chapters on emergent micropolutants, denitrification and investigated substances. If we look at the practical part, there are chapters on sampling, evaluation of BATCH tests and evaluation of inhibition tests. There are also chapters on BATCH tests and respiratory inhibition test, which describe procedures of how we performed this test. Laboratory test reports are included in the Annex.
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Eftekhari, Banafsheh. "Edition and Translation of the Arabic Manuscript Collection Belonged to Fakhr al-din al-Razi on Kalam Atomism." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3012/document.
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Fakhr al-Din al-Razi is a significant philosopher who is famous for his critics on Avicenna. He also made effective dialogues between two rival doctrines (namely Kalam and Peripateticism) in the Islamic world in Middle Ages. He defended Kalam Atomism in last decades of his life. This thesis is working on his two treatises as manuscripts and translating it into English. One of the treatises is about proving atom and another one is rejecting Hylomorphism. These two treatises are attached together as a manuscript book titled as Proving Atomism<br>Au Moyen Âge, dans le monde islamique, il y avait deux groupes d'érudits qui avaient deux indications différentes sur l'existence. Le premier groupe était des philosophes, ḥukamā, qui ont approuvé falsafah ou ḥikmah. Cette doctrine avait des bases aristotéliciennes. Un autre groupe était des théologiens, mutikalimūn qui était pour la plupart atomistes. Les théologiens constituaient le kalām qui se traduisait parfois par théologie islamique.Fakhr-e-Razi ou Fakhr al-Din al-Razi était un philosophe et théologien important au 12ème siècle qui a fait des dialogues et des débats entre ces deux doctrines. Il a écrit des critiques sur les livres d'Avicenne et a défendu la doctrine de l'atomisme de Kalam. Bien qu'il ait défendu l'atomisme de Kalam dans beaucoup de livres, il a écrit un traité indépendant sur ce sujet. Cette thèse est l'édition et la traduction d'un livre manuscrit qui comprend deux traités indépendants, dont l'un, prouve atomisme et un autre réfute Hylémorphisme.Cette thèse inclut des commentaires sur l'atomisme et l'hylémorphisme (l'introduction du livre). L'atomisme comme vue générale et l'atomisme de Kalam en particulier sont étudiés. L'histoire de l'atomisme est brièvement passée en revue en tant que racines de l'atomisme de Kalam. Puis la vue de Razi sur l'atomisme est étudiée selon ce livre présent et ses autres livres. Le contraste entre la vision de Razi et la doctrine d'Avicenne comme son rival sont également analysés
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Surani, Iqbal. "Le Kalâm-i Maulâ et les textes dévotionnels ismaéliens." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE5029.
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Cette étude propose la traduction et l’analyse socio-historique du Kalâm-i Maulâ ainsi que des textes dévotionnels que sont les ginân, les du’â, les farmân et que les Constitutions de la communauté des khoja ismaéliens aghâkhânî. L’examen critique de ces textes témoigne des étapes successives dans la construction identitaire religieuse des khoja aghâkhâni axée autour de la seule figure centrale de l’Imâm dans la version du shî’isme ismaélien à partir du XIXème siècle. Elle montre également comment les tensions intra-communautaire des khoja au XIXème siècle sont à l’origine d’une nouvelle configuration dans leurs pratiques rituelles. Les migrations successives des khoja au XXème siècle, d’abord à l’intérieur du sous-continent indien, puis vers l’Est de l’Afrique et vers l’Europe, les Etats-Unis et le Canada, ont contribué à la vitalité de ces textes de dévotionnels grâce aux traductions. Le contact avec d’autres communautés ismaéliennes issues du monde non indien, notamment celles de la Syrie, de l’Iran, de l’Afghanistan et de l’Asie centrale, a renforcé la politique de centralisation amorcé dès le milieu du XIXème siècle afin d’harmoniser les pratiques religieuses. Ces textes ont servi comme manuels d’instruction religieuse pour la formation des wa’ezin (sermonnaires) sont destinés à l’usage exclusif des fidèles aghâkhânî. Ils ont magnifié d’une façon disproportionnée ces textes, aidés par la vie communautaire en vase clos très caractéristique en milieu indien et en migration. Ils n’ont pas fait l’objet d’études critiques<br>This study proposes the translation and the socio-historical analysis of the Kalâm-i Maulâ and of the devotional texts of ginân, du’â, farmân and constitutions of the Khoja aghâkhâni ismailis. The critical analysis of these texts show the successive stages of religious construction of the identity of the khoja aghâkhâni focused on the sole figure of the Imâm in the context of ismaili shî’ism from the XIX century. It shows how the tensions among the intra-community of the khojas during the XIX century are at the origin of the new configuration in their religious practices. The successive migrations of the khojas in the XX century, first within the Indian subcontinent, then towards East Africa, Europe, the U. S. A and Canada, have contributed to the vitality of these texts because to their translations. The contact with other ismaili communities of non-indian origin, from Syria, Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia, has reinforced the policy of centralisation already undertaken during the middle of the XIX century in order to harmonize the religious practices in various countries. These texts have served as the religious instruction manuals for the training of the preachers (wa’ezin) exclusively for the aghâkhâni followers. They have magnified these texts disproportionately helped by the closely knitted community life which is characteristic of the Indian milieu in migration. They have not been subjected to critical analyses
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Kalow, Corinna [Verfasser]. "Prävalenz und Ausprägung von Schmerzen bei stationär-psychiatrischen Patienten / Corinna Kalow." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1029109109/34.
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Azad, Md Abul Kalam [Verfasser]. "Fog Collection on Plant Surfaces and Biomimetic Applications / Md. Abul Kalam Azad." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1136955208/34.
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Azad, Abul Kalam [Verfasser]. "Fog Collection on Plant Surfaces and Biomimetic Applications / Md. Abul Kalam Azad." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1136955208/34.
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Everett, Lindsey L. "Spatial modeling of health facility utilization by pregnant women in Kalomo district, Zambia." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12367.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>Together, maternal and neonatal mortality rates account for more than four million deaths worldwide, with the overwhelming majority of fatalities occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Ensuring pregnant women deliver at health facilities assisted by skilled birth attendants is considered a primary solution for improving the survival and health of both mothers and newborns. By employing spatial analysis tools, this study examines the availability of emergency obstetrical and neonatal care (EmONC) and accessibility of 31 health facilities in Kalomo district, Zambia. Only three facilities had EmONC available (two basic and one comprehensive) in Kalomo's two largest towns situated slightly over 40 kilometers (km) apart. Buffers surrounding the EmONC facilities include 11 centers and hospitals administering minimal levels of emergency delivery care, but fail to incorporate the other 60% ofthe district's medical centers. While primary and secondary road networks cover the majority of Kalomo's territory, isolated areas remain unserved by the transit system and 20% of health centers are located outside the boundaries of 5 km road buffers. Motorized ambulatory transport is available at only three health facilities located in the district's two largest towns. The clustered distribution of EmONC facilities in the most populated urban centers provides professional medical assistance for the immediate surrounding communities, but leaves the majority of the population who reside in rural settings without access to emergency delivery services. Results from this study are useful for examining, monitoring, and targeting the availability and accessibility ofhealth facilities in attempt to lower maternal and neonatal fatalities.
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Lopes, Poliana Tomazi Vieira. "Agathon (Bem), Daimon (Amor), Kalos (Belo): uma interpretação fenomenológica dos conceitos do Banquete de Platão." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3906.
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-22<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>This dissertation studies the Good inside Plato’s Symposium. We chose this theme because of the concerns that came out of Plato’s dialogues when, in them, it was not possible, at least not clearly, to determine the meaning of Good. On the contrary, its meaning was not fully explored (as it is seen in the “Book VI” of the Republic, in which the character of Socrates diverts from the subject itself and moves on to discussing the son of the Good, the Sun). Because of this concern this research found a new angle to explore what that meaning could be inside Plato’s Symposium. Therefore, we study the meaning of Good as we dwell on Agathon’s paradigmatic character, as it receives the name agathon, the Good. Plato gives us clues in order to start an investigation on the character himself, such as: its name, its household, the order of the dialogues, the parts of his speech etc. The ways for our search about the meaning of the Good originate from a research on the concept of love (ti metaxy, daimon) and beauty (kalos), as all of them are intertwined, clarifying what love and beauty are, and they are connected explicitly inside the dialogue in Plato’s Symposium (203c), and this suggests a way for us to enlighten the meaning of the Good. This research has a phenomenological approach, as it favors most of Heidegger’s ideas. We opted by Heidegger because this contemporary philosopher is the most crucial one for our clarification of the Good, as in many studies concerning the Greek terms, mainly when talking about agathon, he presented the interpretative way that we needed in order to achieve a proper understanding on the meaning of Good through Agathon’s character. By studying the Love inside Plato’s Symposium this investigation concludes that he is an intermediate (203a). As it is possible to notice in our research the term ti metaxy brings with it the meaning of something “that is inbetween”, intermediating a passage. Another term by which Love is called is Daimon: “the one that makes everything bright and clear”. Love as the one that brings clarity. Beauty is connected to it because, based on our studies, it is “what is brought upon” by Love (203c). We understand that this is how Love originated Beauty as what appears. And, as for the Good, we see as justified in this dissertation, based on a Heidegger’s phenomenological study (he returns to the term agathon in its Greek meaning), that this concept is unveiled as “pure possibility, offering, support for something to happen”. When taking this path directly to Agathon’s character we notice, at last, that it occupies this position inside the Symposium by undertaking exactly the role of the Good, as it was the one that offered the possibility and the support so that the Love logos and the Beauty manifestation could take place in its household. Good as possibility, as the reader himself will be able to notice after going through all of our research in this dissertation, was exposed in that character. However, without a proper investigation approach, as the phenomenology, we would not be able to achieve these conclusions, and we would be looking at the character as a simple scenic game inside Plato’s Symposium.<br>Essa dissertação se ocupa do tema do Bem. A decisão por esse tema resultou da inquietude surgida dos diálogos platônicos quando, neles, não era indicado, ao menos explicitamente, o sentido do Bem, mas, ao contrário, havia esquivas de explorá-lo (como se observa no “Livro VI” da República, no qual a personagem Sócrates desvia o assunto do Bem e passa a falar do filho do Bem, o Sol). Partindo da referida inquietação pela busca do sentido do Bem, o presente trabalho encontrou um novo viés para explorar o que poderia ser tal sentido, no âmbito do diálogo O Banquete, de Platão. Assim, julgamos poder entrever o sentido do Bem a partir da figura paradigmática de Agatão, pois tal personagem conceitual carrega o nome agathon, o Bem. Platão nos dá vários indícios para começarmos uma investigação da personagem, como: seu nome, sua casa, a ordem dos diálogos, as partes de seu discurso etc. Os caminhos para essa busca do sentido do Bem partem inicialmente de um estudo dos conceitos do amor (ti metaxy, daimon) e da beleza (kalos), pois os três conceitos encontram-se interligados, elucidando o amor e a beleza, que possuem ligação explícita no diálogo O Banquete (203c), favorecendo, assim, o encontro com um caminho de clarificação para o sentido do Bem. A pesquisa que aqui apresenta seus saldos valeu-se de um enfoque fenomenológico, tendo privilegiado muitas das posições heideggerianas. A opção por Heidegger se deveu ao fato de este ser o filósofo contemporâneo mais decisivo para a nossa clarificação do Bem, pois, em diversos estudos dos termos gregos, sobretudo sobre o agathon, esse nos acenou o caminho interpretativo que precisávamos para chegar ao sentido do Bem por meio da personagem Agatão. Ao estudar o amor no diálogo O Banquete, a presente investigação conclui que ele é um intermediário (203a). Como se pode ver ao longo de nossos movimentos de exposição, o termo ti metaxy carrega o sentido de ser algo que “está entre”, intermediando uma passagem. Outro termo pelo qual o amor é chamado é daimon: “aquele que faz brilhar e aparecer.” O amor como tal é aquele que traz o aparecer. A beleza se liga ao amor porque, a partir dos nossos estudos, ela se mostrou como “aquilo que aparece” do amor (203c). Compreendemos que é assim que o amor faz nascer a beleza como o aparecer. E, quanto ao Bem, julgamos poder sustentar nessa dissertação, apoiados num estudo fenomenológico de Heidegger (este que retoma o termo agathon em seu sentido grego), que tal conceito é desvelado como a “pura possibilidade, doação, suporte para que aconteça algo”. Ao levarmos esse sentido diretamente à personagem Agatão, percebemos, enfim, que ela esteve no diálogo ocupando justamente esse papel do Bem, sendo a que doava a possibilidade e o suporte para que ocorresse o logos do amor e o aparecimento da beleza em sua casa. O Bem como possibilidade, como o leitor poderá conferir após acompanhar todo nosso movimento de exposição nessa dissertação, estava implicitamente caracterizado naquela personagem. Entretanto, sem um método de investigação adequado, como a fenomenologia, não chegaríamos a estes saldos, e permaneceríamos mirando a personagem como simples jogo cênico do diálogo platônico.
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Leiva, Povis Jorge Zenón. "Sistema experto "Kalm" para el mantenimiento preventivo correctivo en la red telefónica peruana." Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2010. http://cybertesis.uni.edu.pe/uni/2010/leiva_pj/html/index-frames.html.
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El objetivo de la presente investigación fue diseñar un Sistema Experto "KALM", basado en Lógica Difusa, que permita mejorar el mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo para conservar un adecuado nivel de la Calidad del Medio de Transmisión de la Red Telefónica. El tipo de investigación es aplicativa puesto que se ha utilizado los fundamentos de inteligencia artificial, en particular: sistema experto en combinación con lógica difusa, para mejorar el mantenimiento correctivo y preventivo de la red. El objeto de estudio fue la calidad del medio de transmisión de la red telefónica el cual se ha definido como variable dependiente y las factores directos que influyen a esta variable son la cantidad de segundo errados y la cantidad bits errados. Y, el periodo de análisis para medir la calidad del medio de transmisión ha sido de quince minutos. Finalmente, el sistema experto "KALM" basado en lógica difusa ayuda a mejorar el mantenimiento preventivo y correctiva logrando así mantener un adecuado nivel de la calidad del medio de transmisión gracias a su interfaz dinámica de monitoreo. El sistema es flexible hace posible la migración a diferentes Operadoras de comunicaciones, debido a que las diferentes empresas son de diversas capacidades de manejo de servicios.
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Ali, Ghazoan. "Substance and things : dualism and unity in the early Islamic cultural field." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3591.
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The purpose of this study is to sample a number of disparate texts from the early Islamic cultural field to explore the shared grounds or themes that bind them together. The focus of the sampled texts and their analysis is the different relations between God and the real things of this world. The method that is applied in the selection of the texts of this research relies on Pierre Bourdieu’s approach to the study of cultural production. It assumes a relational and dynamic intellectual field which creates interlinked differences and similarities. This is the reason for sampling texts which are assumed to be reasonably marginal to the main cultural establishment. The kalām of the early stage, exemplified by the texts of the Zaydī al-Qāsim al-Rassī and the eastern Ibādīs, is found to emphasise the radical separation between the creator and the created. The development of this relation, which is explored through an intertextual reading of Qurʾānic exegesis, bridges the fissure, between creator and created, through the process of re-interpreting the terms of creation. The act of creation itself becomes an act of transformation, and the objects of creation become eternal ‘non-existent things’ that acquire the quality of existence. In the philosophical works of Jābir Ibn Ḥayyān, the things of this world are also reduced to transformations within the one substance that encompasses the intelligible and the material world. The results of this research show that there is a great degree of diffusion of ideas in this early stage of Islamic culture, from an assumed centre to the margins, and vice versa. The general tendencies in the texts considered reflect, on the one hand, a critique of multiplicity of principles, particularly dualism, and an emphasis on God’s unity, through different interpretations of tawḥīd. On the other hand, the sought unity itself established God’s radical transcendence from the real world, thus leading to another form of dualism dividing the world and the absolute other. The process of opposition to dualism seems to have eventually produced two forms of affirming and defining unity. Both forms define the existent things in terms of substance (jawhar), however, the kalām model expresses it in atomistic terms whilst the alchemical model of Jābir expresses it in terms of a hylomorphic model. One of these redefines the meanings of the existent and the non-existent things in term of subsistence, and the other, develops the idea of a single substance with different gradation in being.
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Graaff, Bob de. ""Kalm temidden van woedende golven" : het ministerie van Koloniën en zijn taakomgeving 1912-1940 /." Den Haag : SDU uitg, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370775496.
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Kalok, David [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Strunk, and Milena [Akademischer Betreuer] Grifoni. "Non-linear conductance at the superconductor-insulator transition in titanium nitride / David Kalok. Betreuer: Christoph Strunk ; Milena Grifoni." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031129952/34.
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Kalok, David Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Strunk, and Milena [Akademischer Betreuer] Grifoni. "Non-linear conductance at the superconductor-insulator transition in titanium nitride / David Kalok. Betreuer: Christoph Strunk ; Milena Grifoni." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:355-epub-233071.
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Kalo, Jan-Christoph Verfasser], Wolf-Tilo [Akademischer Betreuer] [Balke, and Felix [Akademischer Betreuer] Naumann. "Resolving Representation Heterogeneity in Real-World Knowledge Graphs / Jan-Christoph Kalo ; Wolf-Tilo Balke, Felix Naumann." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238221769/34.
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Masek, Brooke Heather. "'Kalos thanatos': The ideology and iconography of the Demosion Sema at Athens in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11288.
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xiii, 136 p. : ill. (some col.)<br>The Demosion Sema ["Public Tomb"] was an area of the Kerameikos in Athens that in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE functioned as the state burial ground--the repository of mass graves for those who had lost their lives in war. In an annual ritual known as the patrios nomos ["the ancestral custom"], the war-dead were eulogized and publicly mourned. Their mass graves [ polyandria ] were regularly marked by marble monuments with reliefs of soldiers in combat, under which the names of the dead were listed according to their tribe, but without demotic or patronymic information. This thesis explores the various aspects of the patrios nomos and the iconography of the funerary monuments of the state burial ground. By analyzing features of the ritual, such as the attendant funeral orations ( epitaphios logos ), and aspects of the imagery found in the polyandria , we are able to learn not only about the function of the Demosion Sema within the Athenian polis but also how Athenians mourned and remembered their war-dead within the context of a democratic ideology.<br>Committee in charge: Jeffrey M. Hurwit, Chairperson;
James Harper, Member;
Christopher Eckerman, Member
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Abu, Alabbas Belal. "Between scripture and human reason : an intellectual biography of Muḥammad ibn Ismā'īl al-Bukhārī (d.256/870)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4ee70d8-9b60-4982-b382-4a96cd6f0553.
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By the dawn of the fifth/eleventh century, al-Bukhārī (d. 256/870) was recognized as the most highly regarded hadith scholar and his Ṣaḥīḥ as the most authoritative book, after the Qur'an. This canonical status promoted a romanticized version of al-Bukhārī that does not reflect the reality that his pre-canonical historical record presents. This study recovers the reality of al-Bukhārī and provides a critical biography of him, tracing the progress of his career and detailing the objectives of his work. It provides a re-assessment of al-Bukhārī's own juridical, theological, and hadith-criticism principles based on an analysis of his own works, arguing that al-Bukhārī was shaped by the split between hadith and ra'y. It distinguishes three stages in his career: early education under ra'y authorities, conversion to hadith-based school, and his critique of the ra'y-based scholars in Transoxania. Al-Bukhārī was a significant contender of theology and law in his own day and certainly promoted a moderate position in theology and law that proved crucial to his future renown. He appears to have been Medinese in law and Iraqi in hadith criticism. His legal theory adopts some of Mālik ibn Anas' (d. 179/795) views and al-Shāfi'ī's (d. 204/820) hermeneutical concepts. His legal method and positive law appear to be systematically anti-ra'y and exhibit a virulent disparage of Abū Ḥanīfa (d. 150/767) and al-Shaybānī (d. 192/804-5). It appears that al-Bukhārī composed the Ṣaḥīḥ over a long period, at least a decade, as the Ṣaḥīḥ itself tends to confirm a chronological progress. This progress, the author contends, was the outcome of al-Bukhārī's long project in Transoxania, combating ra'y and promoting hadith. Al-Bukhārī achieved prominence within hadith-based circles for his unique transmitter-criticism (rijāl) works, particularly al-Tārīkh, but when he conceded that one's utterance (lafẓ) of the Qur'an is created, he was immediately denounced by the hadith-based school. This controversy caused the collapse of al-Bukhārī's career, leading to his demise in Khartank near Samarqand in 256/870.
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Sylla, Morciré. "Processus d'alimentation de la nappe phréatique et géochimie des nitrates des eaux souterraines de la presqu'île de Kaloum, Conakry, Guinée." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10068.
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Les eaux souterraines en general, et celles de la nappe phreatique en particulier sont couramment sollicitees a Conakry pour combler le deficit d'approvisionnement en eau domestique et industrielle du riseau d'adduction. La necessite de recherche de nouvelles ressources en eau pour juguler ce deficit evolutif en eau de la ville, a engendre le projet de recherches hydrogeologiques de Conakry dont les premieres analyses en 1992, ont revele des concentrations de nitrate atteignant 138 mg-NO$\sb3$/1. Les zones d'accumulation des eaux localisees preferablement sur le versant nord et a l'extreme ouest voient leurs eaux se renouveler continuellement. Les resultats d'analyses geochimiques d'echantillons collectes entre 1992 et 1994 indiquent des eaux hydrocarbonatees, calciques, chlorurees magneseiennes, avec des teneurs anormales de manganese ($>$0,5 mg/l) et de fer($>$1 mg/l) imputables a l'alteration de la dunite. L'omnipresence des nitrates dans la nappe phreatique est confirmee par des concentrations allant de $\rm1mg{-}NO\sb3$/1 a 209 mg-NO$\sb3$/l, dont environ 38% des echantillons avec plus de 45 mg-NO$\sb3$/l. Les cartes de distribution des nitrates montrent que la contamination est plus accrue en saison des pluies tant en concentration qu'en etendue, alors que les conditions en saison seche sont plus favorables a la denitrification. Le zonage des nitrates laisse voit une correlation avec la densite de population qui privilegie l'origine anthropogene des nitrates dans la nappe phreallque de ConaKry. La zone contaminee s'etendrait de Koulewondi a l'ouest vers l'Aeroport de Gbessia a l'est, avec une extension moins grande sur le flanc nord. Les sources de contamination sont ponctuelles plus ou moins rapprochees, representees par les fosses septiques, les depotoirs d'ordures et les eaux usees.
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Kalim, Khalid Wasim [Verfasser]. "The role of immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 in modulating T-helper cell differentiation and progression of autoimmune diseases / Khalid Wasim Kalim." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104650455X/34.
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Somanje, Albert Novas. "Climate change adaptation measures in agriculture : a case of conservation agriculture for small-scale farmers in Kalomo District of Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15725.
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In most of the developing countries, small scale farmers (SSFs) are usually the primary agricultural producers of staple crop. Furthermore, they highly depend on rainfall for their rain-fed agricultural production. SSFs have limited capacity to adapt to extreme climate variability, thus rendering them to be among the most vulnerable to climate change. Some recent studies show that agricultural production and productivity is being negatively impacted by climate change and variability in most parts of Southern Africa. This is likely to continue for decades into the future, unless corrective or adaptation measures are implemented to reduce the impact on agriculture. Conservation Agriculture (CA) is one of the climate change and weather variability adaptation measures being promoted for SSFs in Kalomo District of Zambia. CA is not only being promoted to improve production and productivity for food security for the majority rural population, but also as an adaptation measure for sustainable agricultural production. The present study analysed the CA practices being promoted in Kalomo district of southern Zambia and the associated challenges in the management and implementation, as well as, how best these challenges can be addressed. Semi-structured interviews and literature review were used as methodologies of data collection for the study. The findings of the study indicate that among the three principles of CA, minimum tillage is mostly practiced compared to crop rotation and retention of crop residue. Within minimum tillage, ripping was found to be practiced on a larger scale compared to making basins. The major challenges include planning and human resource development, financial resource and policy constraints and cultural barriers to adoption of CA.
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Slama, Khaled. "Le répertoire musical sérieux ou religieux (Maluf al-Jidd ou Kalam al-Jidd) en Tunisie : analyse technique et approche sociologique." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040220.
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Maluf al-jidd ou Kalam al-jidd (maluf ou discours sérieux ou religieux) est un répertoire musical tunisien en péril parce qu'il est issu d'une tradition orale qui ne l'a jamais fixé et parce qu'il connait une évolution vers un mercantilisme qui l'altère de jour en jour. Notre projet se propose de participer modestement à sa préservation par l'analyse de ses parties. Ce répertoire qui nous vient de l'héritage mystico-religieux possède plusieurs caractéristiques qui font son originalité mais aussi sa richesse musicale et sa diversité, ce qui lui permet de se distinguer amplement du maluf profane (héritage musical arabo-andalou), répondant ainsi à ses détracteurs qui le qualifient d'œuvre plagiée. Démontrer cette authenticité toute particulière est notre deuxième objectif. Tout ceci ne saurait se faire sans avoir place le maluf religieux dans son contexte historique, social et politique afin de mettre en exergue les différents rôles que ce répertoire mais aussi les firaq (ensembles musicaux) confrériques qui le jouent, ont occupé sur la scène tunisienne.
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Kalo, Hussein [Verfasser], and Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Breu. "Melt Synthesis, Structural, Characterization and Scaling of Swelling 2:1-Layer Silicate Materials / Hussein Kalo. Betreuer: Josef Breu." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2012. http://d-nb.info/105941306X/34.
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Daccache, Salim. "Le problème de la création du monde dans le kalam d’Abu Mansur al-Makurdi (+ 944) et son contexte historique et épistémologique." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010541.
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Cette thèse étudie principalement le problème de la création du monde, tel qu'il a été élaboré et discuté par la théologie apologétique du docteur musulman Abu Mansur al-Makurdi (mort en 944 à Samarkand). Pour mieux saisir les implications du problème et mieux connaitre la personnalité d'al-Makurdi, une première partie de cette thèse jette des lumières sur l'importance qu'a eu al-Makurdi dans l'école juridique et théologique (hanafite) de Samarkand et dans les milieux du kalam musulman. Un second moment de cette partie étudie les fondements du savoir théologique chez al-Makurdi (dans son ouvrage Kitab at-Tawhid et dans son commentaire du coran) et met en évidence les mécanismes de la démarche rationnelle, qui lui est nécessaire pour construire son système théologique, dans lequel le problème de la création du monde prend une place capitale. Dans une seconde partie, suivant une méthode inductive, nous relevons les principaux verbes qui désignent l'acte de créer chez al-Makurdi (pour montrer l'importance de la question) puis nous étudions les principaux termes qui désignent la structure du monde (de point de vue métaphysique). Apres cela, nous nous penchons sur le dossier des adversaires et des thèses hétérodoxes (panthéistes, dualistes et athées), qui mettent en cause la création du monde ex nihilo, aux. .<br>The principal aim of this thesis is to study the problem of the creation of the world as it was set out and discussed by the theological scholar abu mansur al-maturidi (who died in 944 in samarqand). In order to throw light on the implications of the problem and on the personality of al-maturidi, the first part of this thesis will attempt to show al-maturidi's importance in the hanafite juridical and theological circle in samarqand, and in muslim theology in general. Next, this first part will study the foundations of theological knowledge according to al-maturidi (in his kitab al-tawhid and his commentary on the quran) upon which he constructed his theological system, where the problem of creation held the place of primary importance. In the second part, proceeding inductively, we shall select the principal verbs which al-maturidi used to denote the act of creation, and then we will study the principal metaphysical terms he used to denote the structure of the world. Then we shall look at of the adversaries (pantheists, dualists, and atheists) to the thesis of creation ex nihilo. This will give us an occasion to show the importance which these philosophical and esoteric schools then had in the muslim world. .
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Himmad, abderrahim. "Le kalam et le sufisme dans "Al-hidaya ila fara'id al-qulub" de Bahya Ibn Paquda, théologien juif du xième siècle." Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA080481.
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Bahya ibn paquda: juif andalous (philosophe et dayyan) du deuxieme moitie du xieme siecle, il est l'auteur d'un seul ouvrage: "al-hidaya ila fara'id al-qulub wa ltanbih 'ala luzum al-dama'ir". Dans notre travail, on a consacre deux parties pour etudier son discours theologique et determiner les sources immediates qui lui ont inspire sa doctrine spirituelle. Nous avons pu determiner dans la premiere partie de cette recherche les grands mutakallimin qui ont aide bahya a etablir sa theorie de connaissance et sa conception de l'unite divine, il s'agit principalement de saadiya gaon et des mu'tazilites. La deuxieme partie est consacree aux sources mystiques et ascetiques dans l'ouvrage. L'analyse de l'oeuvre revele une impregnation certaine de mystique musulmane de caractere mixte a la fois religieuse et philosophique. Le tissus litteraire et les idees ascetiques que bahya a developpe dans cet ouvrage appartiennent au sufisme ( alghazali, al-qusayri, al-makki. . . ) C'est a dire aux sources-memes de la mystique musulmane<br>Bahya ibn paquda, dayyan and philosopher, flourished at saragosse, spain, in the second half of eleventh century. He was the author of the first jewish system of ethics, written in arabic under the title: al-hidaya ila fara'd alqulub wa l-tanbih 'ala luzum al-dama'ir ( guid to duties of the heart ). This memoir sifts through ibn paquda's discursive work in order to unravel and reorganize its prescriptions and its learning. We try to treat in the first part his theory of unity of god and the influence of the islamic and jewish mutakallimin. We have taken duty in the second part to study many points of contacts that bahya has with al-makki, al-ghazali, al-qusayri and saadiya. Our work shows that the autor drew freely on the seminal arabic mysticism
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Khunga, Helen. "Factors affecting detection and referral of malnourished children to Primary Health Care (PHC) level in Kanchele community of Kalomo District, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4508.
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Magister Public Health - MPH<br>Background: Malnutrition in children under the age of 5 years is a global public Health problem. The UNICEF report states that 10.9 million children under five die in developing countries each year due to malnutrition. According to the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey of 2008 malnutrition is one of the main childhood illnesses in Zambia with almost 50% of the under five children being stunted. The referral system in Zambia is organized in a way that starts at the Primary Health Care (PHC) level within the community and managed by the Community Health Workers (CHW). At this level, Community Health Workers screen and identify children that have childhood illnesses which require treatment and they refer them to the Rural Health Centre (RHC). When the problem cannot be handled at the RHC level the child is referred to the district hospital or provincial hospital level within a particular province. However, most children with malnutrition arrive late at the hospital for treatment. Some of them die soon after admission. It was not clear what prevent the mothers from bringing these children early to the hospital for treatment. Methods: The main aim of the study was to explore factors that are associated with detection and referral of malnourished children from Primary Health Care (PHC) at community level to the Health centres in Kalomo district. The study was conducted in Kanchele community of Kalomo in Southern Province of Zambia. Kanchele is a rural community with most basic services such as health facilities not being easily accessed. The study focused on two PHCs which had the highest prevalence of malnutrition. All participants were asked to sign a consent form after the purpose of study had been explained to them. They were informed that all information would be treated with confidentiality and that participation was voluntary and that they had the right to chose not to participate in the study. Furthermore each participant was asked if they agreed to maintain the confidentiality of the information discussed by participants and researchers during the focus group session. The study was qualitative in nature and focus group discussions were conducted with mothers or caregivers of children under five years, community members who have lived in the community for more than one year and community health workers who have also worked in the community for more than one year. Focus group discussions were used to collect data from mothers and community members. While in-depth interviews were used to collect data from CHWs and nutrition group leaders working at the PHC and community leaders. The data collected from the focus group discussions was analysed using thematic approach. Barriers or hindrances to rehabilitating a malnourished child mentioned by the respondents included lack of knowledge on malnutrition, failure to link malnutrition to poor feeding and bad health seeking habits, poor response to referral as a result of a system which is not supported with adequate resource such as transport, a system that does not support parents with food in-case of the child being hospitalised, the current hospital system only provides food to the patient. The failure by health staff to see that malnutrition is a key childhood disease. Data from this study will be used to develop interventions to improve the management of malnourished children. Conclusion: The study shows that mothers and community members are misinformed about the causes and treatment of malnutrition. It also clearly showed that traditional healers and grandparents played an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of malnourished children in this community. Interventions to improve identification and referral of these malnourished children needs to taken into consideration.
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Daccache, Salim. "Le Problème de la création du monde dans le Kalam d'Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (+ 944) et son contexte historique et épistémologique." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612865v.
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Mestiri, Mohamed. "La conception morale dans les débuts du kalām et de la philosophie islamique d'après les exemples des Mùtazilites et de Fārābī : étude comparative." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010577.
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C'est une analyse comparative du système éthique dans la philosophie islamique visant ses deux constituants dont le kalam ou l'école de la dialectique et de la controverse idéologique, et la Falsafa ou la philosophie d'influence hellénistique. Notre propos étant de confronter les deux systèmes se la naissance, à savoir les mutazilites du côté du Kalam et Fârâbî du côté de la Falsafa tout en préservant l'unité de la valeur en chaque système. Nous suivons le sens du système éthique à travers l'étude de la place du sacre, des valeurs qui constituent la vertu humaine, des normes du rassemblement social, et nous aboutissons à conclure les bases épistémologiques nouvelles conçues dans des formes d'équivalence entre la raison et la révélation, sagesse et moralité. . . Etc. Des remarques autour de l'originalité des bases terminologiques et méthodologiques clôturent notre travail<br>We propose a comparative analysis in the etical system of the islamic philosophy through its two constituations : kalam or the dialectic theological school, and falsafa or the philosophy with hellenistic influence. We choice to study the beginning through "mutazila school" and farabi. First we try to understand the unity of ethical value in the mutazila's system and in farabi's system. After we can compare the two systems. We interesting in god's place and the notion of the sacred, in the human wirtue, in norms of society and we finished by the epistemological basis like the relation between human intelligence and revelation, wisdom and morality. . . We make also some remarks on language's basis and method's basis
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Panati, Samatha. "Factors affecting job satisfaction, intention to stay and retention among health workers who provide emergency obstetric and neonatal care in Kalomo District, Zambia." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/11021.
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Thesis (Dr.P.H.)--Boston University<br>Background: Retention of health workers (HWs) in rural areas is a challenge in many sub-Saharan countries, including Zambia. Health systems, health facility and personal factors interact in retaining HWs. Facility-level working conditions (infrastructure, resources, and salaries) is a factor previously reported to influence retention . The Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) program aimed to improve maternal health in Kalomo District by enhancing working conditions. This study investigated if improved working conditions influenced HW job satisfaction and retention.
Methods: Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Sixty-one percent of qualified HWs (46/75) from 28 rural health centers participated in a survey. Structured interviews were conducted with 60 percent (3/5) of the district health care administrators. Existing data from another study were used to capture health facility-level changes and baseline HW job satisfaction.
Results: The SMGL program made significant improvements to health facility- level working conditions that contributed to improved maternal care. However, HWs' job satisfaction levels did not change before and after the SMGL program. The reported job satisfaction was fairly high (Mean=4.1, out of possible 5 and SO = 1.3) at baseline and continued to remain high (Mean =4.1, SO =1.0). The intention to stay score was also high at endline (Mean =4.0, SO =0.9). No association was found between HWs' job satisfaction and their intention to stay. Despite the high intention to stay score, HWs' perceived that improved housing, staffing levels, career advancement opportunities, recognition, pay and reduced workload are factors that would improve HW retention in rural areas. Conclusion: Current retention policies in Zambia focus on health facility factors. Personal and systems factors should also be addressed to improve HW retention. The Kalomo District Community Medical Office should (i) assess HW housing needs (ii) advocate for redefining all rural health centers as hard-to- reach areas to benefit from the existing retention program and (iii) improve supportive supervision and appreciation of HWs. The Ministry of Health and Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Health should (i) strengthen rural health centers by improving housing and availability of at least two qualified HWs and (ii) generate better evidence on factors that improve retention.
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D'Souza, Andreas Felix. "The concept of revelation in the writings of three modern Indian Muslims : a study of Aḥmad Khân, Abû al-Kalâm Âzâd and Abû al-Aʻlâ Mawdûdî". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75697.
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This dissertation explores the concept of revelation in the writings of Ahmad Khan, Azad, and Mawdudi Using as its framework the development of modern Western thought on revelation, it raises questions related to religious epistemology and finds that the Muslims studied offer three interpretations of revelation: (1) part mystico-subjective and part natural intuitive, (2) part traditional and part mystico-subjective, and (3) traditional. The thesis concludes that out of a preoccupation with apologetics, all three authors failed to develop a coherent theory of revelation: Mawdudi did not understand modern problems surrounding revelation and hence did not feel the need for a solution to them; Azad, because of an ambivalent position regarding modernity, contradicted his own views; only Ahmad Khan was able to appreciate the modern threat to revelation and attempted a new interpretation. However, his interpretation was expressed in medieval philosophic molds and found little acceptance among Muslims at large.
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Syamsiyatun, Siti. "Al-Shahrastani and the Shi'i doctrine of Imama, an analysis of the views expressed in his Al-Milal wa al-Nihal and Nihayat al-Iqdam fi 'Ilm al-Kalam." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/MQ43959.pdf.
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Syamsiyatun, Siti. "Al-Shahrastānī and the Shīʻī doctrine of Imāma : an analysis of the views expressed in his al-Milal wa al-Niḥal and Nihāyat al-Iqdām fī ʻIlm al-Kalām". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20477.
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This study seeks to analyze the views of al-Shahrastani (479/1086--548/1153) on the issue of Shi`i imama as presented in his works al-Milil wa al-Nih&dotbelow;al and Nihayat al-Iqdam fi `Ilm al-Kalam. In each of these he devotes several chapters to a discussion of the leadership of the Shi`i community since the days of `Ali b. Abi T&dotbelow;alib. The study shows that both books under discussion were designed by al-Shahrastani to serve different purposes and were composed according to different methodologies. He takes completely different approaches to his treatment of Shi`i doctrine in al-Milal and the Nihaya. Acting as a "historian of religion" in al-Milal, the author shows considerable objectivity and avoids passing judgement. He supports his account of Shi`ism with arguments acknowledged by the Shi`is themselves. This is because al-Shahrastani intended al-Milal as a scientific and systematic account of religions. However, as a "theologian" he held certain of his own beliefs regarding several doctrinal problems, which he also wished to make it public. It was to serve this purpose that the Nihaya was composed. Furthermore, in this work the author does not hesitate to attack opinions different from his own, including the doctrine of imama.
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Gobran, Yakota. "L'autorité aš‘arite au Ve/XIe siècle. Attributs divins et statut du Coran au cœur des débats contre les mu‘tazilites et les ḥanbalites dits anthropomorphistes". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0019.
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Depuis plus d'un demi-siècle, l'idée dominante dans le monde de la recherche sur l'Islam médiéval, consiste à regarder la résurgence de l'autorité califale abbaside sunnite, opérée à Bagdad au Ve/XIe siècle en réaction à l'ingérence bouwayhide shiite, comme une victoire du ḥanbalisme. Cette école, purement traditionaliste selon l'orientaliste G. Makdisi, aurait triomphé en parallèle d'un bannissement sans appel du muʿtazilisme, certes, mais aussi de l'ašʿarisme, pourtant sunnite. Auraient été mis en cause, pense-t-on, le maniement par ses adeptes du kalām (usage de procédés rationalistes), mais surtout leur doctrine relative au statut du Coran (créé ou incréé). La présente thèse consiste en l'étude de la place réelle de l'acteur ašʿarite, de son degré d'intégration dans le paysage politique et religieux de l'époque et de ses orientations théologiques au sujet des attributs divins en général. Les conclusions qui se sont imposées réfutent désormais l'idée acceptée jusqu'alors et attestent du prestige et du succès de l'école ašʿarite auprès du pouvoir abbaside ainsi que son adhésion aux fondamentaux adoptés par ce même pouvoir au sujet des attributs divins et du Coran en tant que Parole divine. Par la même occasion, elles démontrent que l'école ḥanbalite de cette époque était loin de constituer un bloc homogène: de sérieuses divergences théologiques déchiraient ses partisans au sujet des attributs divins. Pour comble, au sein de cette école, une doctrine insolite au sujet du Coran, dont les germes furent pourtant dénoncés du vivant de l'imām Aḥmad Ibn Ḥanbal, était en pleine phase de théorisation, clandestinement selon toute vraisemblance<br>Among the prevailing views of the research community in the field of Medieval Islam, for more than half a century, was to consider the resurgence of the sunni caliphate authority, which occurred in Bagdad during the 5th/11th century responsively to the intrusion of the buwayhid shia, as a victory for ḥanbalism. This School, purely traditionalist according to G. Makdisi, would have triumphed along with a parallel banishment of the muʿtazilism, but also of another sunni trend : the ašʿarism, for its use of the kalām (rationalism), and its view about the nature of the Koran. We here draw up a portrait of the real place of the ašʿarism, of its religious and political integration, and of its doxa, and this finally will lead us to discover the success of this school next to the abbasid authority, with which common views about the Koran were in fact shared. Our work furtherly highlights serious points of difference undermining the alleged unity of the ḥanbali school and, to make matters worse, reveals within the ḥanbali community a singular and presumably clandestine doctrine about the Koran, which was nevertheless spoken out against by imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal himself
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al-Mubarak, Abdulmajeed Ibrahim. "Al-Munşif min al-Kalām 'alā Mughnī lbn Hishãm by Taqï al-Dīn al-Shumunnī [d. 1468] : a critical edition of the first third of the text (up to letter Fā') with an introductory study." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2638/.
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Ibn Hishām al-Ansārī is considered one of the most outstanding figures to have appeared in the history of the field of Arabic grammar. Thus, some biographers compare him to the illustrious Sîbawayh. The greatest of all Ibn Hishām's works is without doubt Mughni al-Labīb 'an Kutub al-A 'ārīb, written by the author for the benefit of fellow scholars and researchers, and not for beginners or regular students. A number of scholars have undertaken to write commentaries on this work, the most famous of these being Ibn al-Sā'igh and al-Damāmīnī. These were followed by al-Shumunnī, who intended his explanation to be a judgment between these two commentaries and the book of Ibn Hishām on their points on which they disputed. Nevertheless, except for an old uncritical edition dating from 1888， none of these commentaries has been published, despite their profound importance. The aim of the current research is thus primarily to bring into the open, in a modem academic style, a portion of the commentary on Mughriī al-Labīb known as al-Munşif min al-Kalām 'alā Mughriī Ibn Hishãm, written by Taqï al-Dīn al- Shumunnī; something not previously seen for this work. Considering the great size of the work, I have restricted myself to just a part of it, equaling about a third of the text, while hoping that my future endeavors will be primarily aimed at completing the work. In addition, the current thesis consists of an academic study consisting of
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Mohamed, Abdelkareem Ali Ahmed Kassem. "Novel magnetic and electronic properties of kagomé-lattice cobalt-shandites." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/218014.
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Malmström, Magnus. "5G Positioning using Machine Learning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149055.
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Positioning is recognized as an important feature of fifth generation (\abbrFiveG) cellular networks due to the massive number of commercial use cases that would benefit from access to position information. Radio based positioning has always been a challenging task in urban canyons where buildings block and reflect the radio signal, causing multipath propagation and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal conditions. One approach to handle NLOS is to use data-driven methods such as machine learning algorithms on beam-based data, where a training data set with positioned measurements are used to train a model that transforms measurements to position estimates. The work is based on position and radio measurement data from a 5G testbed. The transmission point (TP) in the testbed has an antenna that have beams in both horizontal and vertical layers. The measurements are the beam reference signal received power (BRSRP) from the beams and the direction of departure (DOD) from the set of beams with the highest received signal strength (RSS). For modelling of the relation between measurements and positions, two non-linear models has been considered, these are neural network and random forest models. These non-linear models will be referred to as machine learning algorithms. The machine learning algorithms are able to position the user equipment (UE) in NLOS regions with a horizontal positioning error of less than 10 meters in 80 percent of the test cases. The results also show that it is essential to combine information from beams from the different vertical antenna layers to be able to perform positioning with high accuracy during NLOS conditions. Further, the tests show that the data must be separated into line-of-sight (LOS) and NLOS data before the training of the machine learning algorithms to achieve good positioning performance under both LOS and NLOS conditions. Therefore, a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) to classify data originating from LOS or NLOS conditions, has been developed. The probability of detection of the algorithms is about 90\% when the probability of false alarm is only 5%. To boost the position accuracy of from the machine learning algorithms, a Kalman filter have been developed with the output from the machine learning algorithms as input. Results show that this can improve the position accuracy in NLOS scenarios significantly.<br>Radiobasserad positionering av användarenheter är en viktig applikation i femte generationens (5G) radionätverk, som mycket tid och pengar läggs på för att utveckla och förbättra. Ett exempel på tillämpningsområde är positionering av nödsamtal, där ska användarenheten kunna positioneras med en noggrannhet på ett tiotal meter. Radio basserad positionering har alltid varit utmanande i stadsmiljöer där höga hus skymmer och reflekterar signalen mellan användarenheten och basstationen. En ide att positionera i dessa utmanande stadsmiljöer är att använda datadrivna modeller tränade av algoritmer baserat på positionerat testdata – så kallade maskininlärningsalgoritmer. I detta arbete har två icke-linjära modeller - neurala nätverk och random forest – bli implementerade och utvärderade för positionering av användarenheter där signalen från basstationen är skymd.% Dessa modeller refereras som maskininlärningsalgoritmer. Utvärderingen har gjorts på data insamlad av Ericsson från ett 5G-prototypnätverk lokaliserat i Kista, Stockholm. Antennen i den basstation som används har 48 lober vilka ligger i fem olika vertikala lager. Insignal och målvärdena till maskininlärningsalgoritmerna är signals styrkan för varje stråle (BRSRP), respektive givna GPS-positioner för användarenheten. Resultatet visar att med dessa maskininlärningsalgoritmer positioneras användarenheten med en osäkerhet mindre än tio meter i 80 procent av försöksfallen. För att kunna uppnå dessa resultat är viktigt att kunna detektera om signalen mellan användarenheten och basstationen är skymd eller ej. För att göra det har ett statistiskt test blivit implementerat. Detektionssannolikhet för testet är över 90 procent, samtidigt som sannolikhet att få falskt alarm endast är ett fåtal procent.\newline \newline%För att minska osäkerheten i positioneringen har undersökningar gjorts där utsignalen från maskininlärningsalgoritmerna filtreras med ett Kalman-filter. Resultat från dessa undersökningar visar att Kalman-filtret kan förbättra presitionen för positioneringen märkvärt.
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Pisani, Emmanuel. "Hétérodoxes et non musulmans dans la pensée d’Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī (m. 1111)". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30007.
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Face aux divisions fratricides de son temps au sein de la communauté musulmane, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī (m. 505/1111) est amené à développer une synthèse conciliatrice entre les différents courants et mouvements de l’islam afin de combattre la dynamique d’exclusion et d’anathémisation (takfīr) qui menace la communauté. Notre recherche montre que plus al-Ġazālī bataille sur le plan juridique, théologique et mystique pour un grand mouvement d’intégration des différences doctrinales, de conciliation et de respect des différences de lectures ou d’interprétation du Coran, plus son regard sur les non musulmans devient inclusif et ses jugements parfois tranchés cèdent à une appréciation pondérée au point de suggérer des propositions eschatologiques audacieuses quant à leur devenir dans le monde de l’au-delà<br>Faced in his lifetime with fratricidal divisions within the muslim community, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī favoured over the years a conciliatory synthesis of the various strains and movements within Islam in order to combat the spiral of exclusion and denunciation (tafkīr) which threatened the community. The research undertaken here reveals that the more al-Ġazālī militates on a legal, theologial, and mystical level for a wide- sweeping integration of doctrinal differences, and for the acceptance and respect of different readings or interpretations of the Coran, the more understanding and tolerant his attitude to non-muslims becomes, and his sometimes stern judgements give way to a more reasonable appreciation, even to the point of putting forward bold eschatological propositions concerning the future of non-Muslims in the next world
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Aleksandar, Đuričin. "Prostorno određivanje položaja kalema u golenjači posle rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta kolena." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2018. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=107200&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Osnovni cilj rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta kolena je dobijanje pune stabilnosti kolena u celom obimu pokreta. Bez obzira na razvoj operativne tehnike i rehabilitacije i dalje postoji jedan broj pacijenata koji nije u potpunosti zadovoljan rezultatom rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta kolena, te je potrebno izvršiti ponovnu operaciju. Smatra se da je najčešći uzrok rane ponovne nestabilnosti loša pozicija kalema, tj. pozicija tunela koja nije na anatomskom mestu. Većina hirurga koji se bave ovom problematikom procenjuju poziciju kalema u golenjači na osnovu standardnih radiograma: prednje-zadnje i bočne projekcije, što svakako nije dovoljno precizno. U ekonomski razvijenim zemljama poziciju kalema određuju analizirajući snimke kompjuterizovane tomografije (CT) ili magnetne rezonance (MRI). Prvenstveno zbog smanjenja doze zračenja kojoj se izlažu pacijenti prilikom kompjuterizovane tomografije, ali i iz ekonomskih razloga bilo bi korisno razvijanje jednog lako dostupnog, jeftinog ali preciznog i jednostavnog metoda određivanja položaja kalema u golenjači. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se dokaže značaj pozicije kalema u golenjači i mogućnost svakodnevne kliničke primene novorazvijenog kompjuterskog programa u cilju određivanja prostorne pozicije kalema u golenjači iz samo dva standardna radiograma. Studija je bila eksperimentalno-prospektivnog karaktera. Eksperimentalni deo istraživanja sproveden je na Fakultetu tehničkih nauka (FTN) u Novom Sadu na Departmanu za proizvodno mašinstvo gde je na osnovu standardnih RTG snimaka (prednje-zadnje i bočne projekcije) razvijen kompjuterski program za određivanje prostornog položaja kalema u golenjači. U cilju verifikacije novorazvijenog programa realizovano je prostorno određivanje položaja kalema u golenjači obradom standardnih RTG snimaka (prednje-zadnje i bočne projekcije) kod 10 pacijenata kod kojih je izvršena primarna rekonstrukcija prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta kolena. Dobijeni rezultati su upoređeni sa položajem kalema na CT snimcima koji su obezbeđeni za sve pacijente. Na taj način je eksperimentalnim putem utvrđena preciznost novorazvijenog softvera u određivanju prostornog položaja kalema u golenjači. Drugi deo istraživanja bilo je prospektivno kliničko ispitivanje koje je sprovedeno na Klinici za ortopedsku hirurgiju i traumatologiju Kliničkog centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu. Ispitivanu grupu je činilo 120 pacijenata, oba pola, sa prekidom prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta levog ili desnog kolena. Metodom slučajnog izbora pacijenti su podeljeni u četiri grupe od po 30 pacijenata prema veličini sagitalnog ugla (S) bušenja kanala u golenjači (S 60º-69,9º i S 70º-80º) i prema veličini transverzalnog ugla (T) bušenja kanala u golenjači (T 60º-69,9º i T 70º-80º). Grupa I 30 pacijenata (S 60º-69,9º i T 60º-69,9º), grupa II 30 pacijenata (S 60º-69,9º i T 70º-80º), grupa III 30 pacijenata (S 70º-80º i T 60º-69,9º), grupa IV 30 pacijenata (S 70º-80º i T 70º-80º). Svi pacijenti su godinu dana nakon operacije prošli klinička ispitivanja po bodovnim skalama (Tegner bodovna skala, Lysholm bodovna skala i IKDC standard) i artrometrijska merenja. Rezultati dobijeni merenjem položaja kalema u golenjači, kliničkim ispitivanjima i artrometrijskim merenjima poređani su unutar svake grupe posebno, a izvršeno je i poređenje dobijenih rezultata između svih grupa. U ispitivanje su uključeni samo oni pacijenti koji su dali potpisani informisani pristanak da učestvuju u ispitivanju nakon detaljnog upoznavanja sa planiranom procedurom. Svaki pacijent je bio informisan o svrsi i načinu sprovođenja istraživanja, kao i o pregledima i merenjima koja će biti vršena. Statističkom analizom rezultata utvrđeno je da veličina greške prostornog određivanja položaja kalema u golenjači posle rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta kolena novorazvijenim kompjuterskim programom nije statistički značajna, a kompjutersko određivanje položaja kalema u golenjači omogućava iste rezultate kao i CT snimci. Sumiranjem zaključaka nakon sveobuhvatne analize dobijenih rezultata istraživanja, može se zaključiti da pozicija kalema u golenjači posle rekonstrukcije prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta kolena utiče na postoperativni funkcionalni rezultat.<br>The main goal of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee is to obtain complete knee stability in the full range of movement. Regardless of the development of operational techniques and rehabilitation, there is still a number of patients who are not completely satisfied with the result of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, and a re-operation is required. It is believed that the most common cause of the instability is the bad position of the graft, i.e. position of the tunnel that is not at the anatomical place insertion. Most surgeons who deal with this problem evaluate the position of the graft in the tibia based on standard radiograms: anterior-posterior and lateral projections, which is not precise enough. In economically developed countries, the position of the graft is determined by analyzing images of computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MRI). Primarily due to a decrease in the radiation dose exposed to patients during computerized tomography, but also for economic reasons, it would be useful to develop an easily accessible, inexpensive but precise and simple method for determining the position of the graft in the tibia. The main goal of this examination was to prove the significance of the position of the graft and the possibility of daily clinical use of the newly developed computer program in order to determine in-space position of the graft in only two standard radiograms. The study was experimental-prospective. The experimental part of the research was conducted at the Faculty of Technical Sciences (FTN) in Novi Sad at the Department of Production Engineering, where a computer program for determining in-space position of the graft in the tibia was developed on the basis of standard RTG images (anterior-posterior and lateral projections). In order to verify the newly developed program, in-space determination of the position of the graft in the tibia by processing standard RTG images (anterior-posterior and lateral projections) was performed in 10 patients in which the primary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament was performed. The obtained results were compared with the position of the grafts on CT images provided to all patients. In this way, the accuracy of newly developed software in determining in-space position of the graft in the tibia was determined experimentally. The second part of the study was a prospective clinical trial conducted at the Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology at the Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. The investigated group consisted of 120 patients, both sexes, with a break of the anterior cruciate ligament of the left or right knee. By random selection, patients were divided into four groups of 30 patients according to the size of the sagital angle (S) of the tunnel drilling in the tibia (S 60º-69,9º and S 70º-80º) and according to the transversal angle (T) of the drill tunnel in the tibia ( T 60º-69.9º and T 70º-80º). Group I 30 patients (S 60º-69.9º and T 60º-69.9º), group II 30 patients (S 60º-69.9º and T 70º-80º), group III 30 patients (S 70º-80º and Tº60º -69.9º), group IV 30 patients (S 70º-80º and T 70º-80º). All of the patients underwent clinical trials by scales (Tegner score scale, Lysholm score scale and IKDC standard) and arthrometric measurements one year after surgery. The results obtained by measuring the position of the graft in the tibia, clinical trials and arthrometric measurements were classified separately in each group, and obtained results were compared between all groups. The study included only those patients who gave signed informed consent to participate in the study after being thoroughly informed about planned procedure. Each patient was informed about the purpose and method of conducting the research, as well as the examinations and measurements to be performed. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the size of the error in measuring in-space determination of the position of the graft in tibia after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee by a newly developed computer program was not statistically significant, and the computer determination of the position of the graft in the tibia provides the same results as the CT images. Summarizing the conclusions after a comprehensive analysis of the obtained results of the study, it can be concluded that the position of the graft in tibia after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament affects the postoperative functional result.
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Fine, Jonathan. "Beauty on Display: Plato and the Concept of the Kalon." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8058ZSP.
Full textAbstract:
A central concept for Plato is the kalon – often translated as the beautiful, fine, admirable, or noble. This dissertation shows that only by prioritizing dimensions of beauty in the concept can we understand the nature, use, and insights of the kalon in Plato. The concept of the kalon organizes aspirations to appear and be admired as beautiful for one’s virtue. We may consider beauty superficial and concern for it vain – but what if it were also indispensable to living well? By analyzing how Plato uses the concept of the kalon to contest cultural practices of shame and honour regulated by ideals of beauty, we come to see not only the tensions within the concept but also how attractions to beauty steer, but can subvert, our attempts to live well.
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Farhni, Crisitian Martín. "Control y supervisión del área de inyección en la empresa KALOP S.A." Tesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10915/1116.
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Erasmus, Jacobus Petrus. "The Kalām Cosmological Argument and the Infinite God Object / Jacobus Petrus Erasmus." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11024.
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My overall claim in this paper is twofold: Firstly, the activity of developing arguments in
favour of the existence of the Christian God is tenable and worthwhile and, secondly, the
“infinite God objection” fails to undermine the kalam cosmological argument. Concerning
the former, it is often claimed that the very activity of developing arguments in favour of
God’s existence is futile. I argue, however, that such theistic arguments play an important
role in the philosophy of religion, natural theology, and apologetics. Concerning the latter
claim, I will attempt to show how the infinite God objection fails to undermine a notable
theistic argument, namely, the kalam cosmological argument. As regards this objection, the
proponents of the kalam cosmological argument face a dilemma – either an actual infinity
cannot exist or God’s knowledge cannot be infinite. More specifically, this objection claims
that God’s omniscience entails the existence of an actual infinity with God knowing an
actual infinite number of future events and mathematical truths. My solution to this
problem is that (1) God’s omniscience should be understood as maximal knowledge; (2)
the existence of abstract objects (such as numbers and propositions) should be denied; and (3) God’s knowledge is non-propositional in nature.<br>MPhil, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Lawson, Andrea L. "A quantitative evaluation of porcupine-habitat relationships in the Kalum Valley, B. C." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1682.
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The implications that the interactions between animals and the communities in which they exist have to wildlife management are just being realized. The assessment of species-habitat interactions necessitates the consideration of many variables and the adaptation of multivariate statistics to ecology has made possible the multidimensional consideration of habitats. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the usefulness of a multivariate approach to an applied management problem: porcupine-habitat interactions in the Kalum Valley B.C. In recent years an alarming amount of damage caused by the winter feeding of porcupines has been occurring on the north coast of B.C. There is concern that silvicultural practices, such as thinning of croptrees, are predisposing stands to attack. The three specific objectives addressed in this thesis are: 1) To test the hypothesis that thinned stands incur more damage than unthinned stands 2) To investigate the process by which porcupines are selecting habitats and individual trees 3) To determine the variable or combination of variables that best predicts damage.
Four 100 ha. blocks of forest were selected in the Kalum Valley.Two stands had been spaced and two were unmanaged. Within these stands 25 sampling plots were randomly selected. Three sets of variables were recorded in each plot: recent and past porcupine damage to trees, % cover of all species of vegetation, % cover of vegetation strata.
The results indicate that thinned stands do not incur more damage than unthinned stands. In fact, unthinned stands incur more new damage than do spaced areas, indicating that porcupines demonstrate choice at the level of large blocks of forest perhaps on the basis of stand properties such as density or basal area of trees. Hemlock was almost exclusively attacked with damage peaking in the 20.1-20.5 diameter class. Within stands, damage is not related to density, basal area of trees or any site features at the level of the plot except the number of stumps. Damage is related to the cover of a few herbs. This result is probably related tothe greater amounts of light reaching the forest floor in damaged areas resulting from the dead tops of the hemlock trees.
Thus, damage is predictable from the individual tree characteristics of species and diameter class of trees. Trees in unthinned areas appear to be more likely to incur damage.
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Riegel, Nicholas. "Beauty, To Kalon, and Its Relation to the Good in the Works of Plato." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29848.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the evident importance of beauty (τὸ καλόν) in Plato, the precise relation between beauty and goodness (τὸ ἀγαθόν) has yet to be specified. Part of the reason for this seems to be the belief that καλός should not be translated ‘beautiful,’ because it has a broader sense and application than our word ‘beautiful.’ A better translation, on this view, would be something like ‘fine.’ But it is difficult to see the difference between fineness and goodness, and it is perhaps for this reason that determining the relation between the two has not been felt an urgent task. In the first chapter we shall investigate the use of the Greek word καλός in some of the major authors prior to and contemporary with Plato in order to determine the strength of the evidence for translations of καλός other than ‘beautiful.’ It will be argued that the evidence for translations of καλός other than ‘beautiful’ is weak, and thus that the word should generally be translated ‘beautiful.’ When we turn to Plato’s understanding of τὸ καλόν, we find that he often seems to associate the concept closely with goodness, and yet there are also passages which suggest a difference between the two. Thus the first question to ask is whether beauty and goodness are at least coextensive for Plato? In the second chapter it will be argued that despite some apparent evidence to the contrary, he does seem to think they are coextensive. In the third chapter we argue that Plato identifies goodness and unity, and that the coextension of goodness and beauty is explained on the model of the necessary connection between certain forms, or immanent characters, in the Phaedo. But it does not follow from this that goodness and beauty are identical. In the fourth chapter we will argue that, though beauty and goodness are connected in concrete particulars, qua forms they are distinct, i.e., there are two separate forms, the form of the good (which is identical to the one) and the form of beauty.
Finally, a theme which runs more or less throughout this work is that, contrary to what one might expect, Plato seems to discover what is good by asking what is beautiful. This may seem counterintuitive, because there are passages, like Republic 452d-e and 509b, where it seems that goodness determines or in a way causes beauty, but it seems that when trying to discover what is truly good, Plato always settles on what is beautiful. It may be agreed, even by those who disagree about what goodness is, that things like justice and courage are beautiful, and it is these that Plato always thinks constitute the human good.
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Kalem, Vakur [Verfasser]. "HSP70-Induktion im Skelettmuskel nach Kraftausdauertraining bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz / vorgelegt von Vakur Kalem." 2007. http://d-nb.info/997567023/34.
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Jones, Courtney. "Implications of Carbonate Petrology and Geochemistry for the Origin of Coal Balls from the Kalo Formation (Moscovian, Pennsylvanian) of Iowa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11568.
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Coal balls are carbonate concretions formed in peat during the Pennsylvanian and early Permian. Microprobe and microscope analysis reveal that polycrystals of high-Mg calcite (HMC), which are also high in Sr, are the earliest calcium carbonate to form in the Williamson No. 3 coal balls from the Kalo formation in Iowa. This HMC has early diagenetic rims of ferroan and non-ferroan low-Mg calcite (LMC) suggesting diagenesis in meteoric water. The combination of HMC followed by LMC suggests the earliest coal ball carbonate formed in a hydrologically dynamic environment, where saltwater influx into the mire was followed by a return to meteoric pore water. Subsequent generations of carbonate are ferroan and non-ferroan LMC and appear to result from diagenesis of the original HMC fabric with LMC rims. HMC polycrystals from coal balls are among the first abiotic HMC to be reported from the mid-Pennsylvanian; coal balls may be a good source of Pennsylvanian HMC. Coal balls that formed in porous peat (i.e. wood and surficial leaf mats) commonly have abundant radiating arrays of HMC polycrystals. Coal balls that formed in matrix-rich, low porosity peats consist primarily of permineralizing anhedral calcite, which is ferroan LMC. The link between the HMC and porous permeable peat is supported by the distribution of HMC and ferroan LMC in plant cells. Wood cells, which have porous walls, are filled with HMC; fiber cells, which have impermeable walls, are filled with ferroan LMC. This study demonstrates a link between pore volume, porosity, plant cell type, and carbonate fabric.
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Wassouf, Hassan [Verfasser]. "Existenz bei Faḫr ad-Dīn ar-Rāzī : die Entwicklung des Konzeptes des wuǧūd im aš'aritischen kalām / vorgelegt von Hassan Wassouf". 2008. http://d-nb.info/989091317/34.
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Henry, Elizabeth Gronewold. "Impact of a multi-level intervention on facility-based births and skilled birth attendance in Kalomo District, Zambia: a mixed-methods evaluation." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/13289.
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Problem: Zambia has one of the highest maternal mortality ratios in the world. Risks of serious complications during childbirth and associated maternal morbidity and mortality can be mitigated by improving access to skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) in facilities when complications arise. In 2012, the Saving Mothers Giving Life (SMGL) initiative was launched in Kalomo District, Zambia, to reduce maternal deaths.
Methods: This study assessed the impact of SMGL in Kalomo District on rates of facility delivery, delivery with a skilled birth attendant, and facility-level changes in the provision of maternity and newborn care during the first learning phase, 2012–2013. Changes in neonatal mortality were also assessed. A mixed-methods approach utilized a quasi-experimental pre-post nonequivalent comparison group design using household data (n=21,680 women) and health facility assessments (n=77) including EmONC signal functions. Data were collected from February 2011–October 2013, before and during SMGL program implementation, in the intervention district and a comparison area. A qualitative inquiry with key informants (n=26) was then conducted in September 2014.
Results: There was a 49% relative increase in the odds of facility-based birth during SMGL in Kalomo relative to comparison districts (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.21–1.77), controlling for covariates. There was no significant change in delivery with a skilled birth attendant. Newborn mortality in Kalomo decreased significantly (4.3% to 2.6%, p<0.01), even when controlling for covariates, with no change in comparison. EmONC signal functions increased from a mean of 2.7 to 3.9 (p=0.003) per facility in Kalomo, with no change in the comparison area. Most facility-level changes related to newborn care. Informants attributed impacts primarily to community mobilization by Safe Motherhood Action Group volunteers and clinical mentorship.
Conclusion: SMGL positively influenced demand for facility deliveries. Data indicate a limited measurable change in supply-side indicators of provision of intra-partum maternity care, while improving neonatal survival. Interviews suggested that mentoring existing staff might be responsible for improved care and referrals. Phase 2 should focus on strengthening human resources to increase access to skilled delivery and strategies to improve communication and transport to facilitate timely referral of emergency cases.
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Marešová, Tereza. "Genetická struktura mediteránních populací kaloně Rousettus aegyptiacus." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310199.
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5 Abstract The genus Rousettus represents the only fruit bat genus distributed both in Asia and Africa reaching northern distributional limits of the Pteropodidae family. This unusual distribution pattern is related to the ability of echolocation, subsequent cave dwelling and probably other thermoregulatory and behavioural adaptations to relatively cold and dry climate. Methods for identification of genetically discrete populations were used in the presented study to acquire better comprehension of historical ways of colonization along with current dispersal and migratory patterns of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in the Mediterranean basin and adjacent range patches. Modern approaches to population and landscape genetics were applied on a dataset comprising 553 individuals from 72 localities using 20 nuclear microsatellites. Our results revealed a significant genetic distance of East African individuals and certain substructure in the northern part of the range. Cypriot population is clearly separated, and - for higher K - the isolation of colonies from Egyptian oases is highly supported. Genetic proximity of south Arabian and Sinai populations contradict current taxonomy of the species. Our findings highlight the role of seas and deserts as barriers restricting gene flow and the evolution...
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Vašíčková, Pavla. "Etologie a akustická komunikace kaloně egyptského (Rousettus aegyptiacus)." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332211.
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Egyptian fruit bats were observed in Prague Zoo, where stable conditions are provided (year-round food supply, stable temperature and roosts). The colony has bimodal breeding cycle. Births are synchronized and occur on the turn of April and May and in September. The mating occurs throughout the year but there is an increase during lactation and in the period outside parturitions. There is no obvious pattern in cluster dynamics. Bats roost in four clusters (left, middle, upper right and lower right). The presence of clusters throughout the year is stable except upper right cluster. There are changes in the number of clusters and in the number of individuals inside each cluster. Fruit bats occupy approximately the same spots in clusters, however young individuals show the highest variability. An autogrooming is balanced throughout the year, there is no regular pattern in the observation period and even no increase after artificial twilight. From these activities a licking of wing membranes and fur are the most often. The mother cares for her young especially during lactation and weaning, while the care decreases with a development of the young. This is especially true for the licking of the wing membranes. An allogrooming is the most common between male and female during lactation and in the period...