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Journal articles on the topic 'Kan dialects'
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1
DOBRININA, ALBINA A. "ARTICULATORY FEATURES OF THE /I/-TYPE VOWELS IN THE ALTAI-KIZHI DIALECT (MRI DATA)." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 4 (2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_43_50.
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The paper considers some articulatory features of allophones of the vowel /i/ in the Altai-Kizhi dialect (spoken in the locality Ust-Kan, Altai) of the Altai language visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Altai-Kizhi is the central basic dialect of the Altai literary language. In Altai, each rural locality represents a unique dialect, whose relevance of studying was emphasized by V. V. Radlov. Speech sounds of the /i/-type in the dialects of the Altai language are realized mainly as front variants with different degrees of openness. In the written Altai speech, the symbol “и” is used to denote narrow front non-labialized vowel; some variants of the Altai vowel /i/ are central-back differing in this from the Russian vowel /i/. Experimental data on the territorial dialects of the Altai-Kizhi dialect, obtained from its 6 native speakers (d1-d6) taking into account variable inherent palate height, shows both the common articulation bases of native speakers (clearly-expressed frontness) and their differences (variable openness).
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Caers, Wim, and Sune Gregersen. "Wat mutt, dat mutt* : ‘Independent’ modals in West Germanic vernaculars." Nederlandse Taalkunde 24, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2019.3.005.caer.
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Abstract The squib investigates the dialectal distribution of the Dutch construction type het kan/mag/moet, lit. ‘it can/may/must’, where a modal verb occurs ‘independently’ with an eventive subject and no infinitival complement. The construction is shown to be widely attested not only in traditional dialects of Dutch, but also in Frisian, Low German, and Afrikaans. We suggest that the construction, which does not occur in standard German or English, is an areal feature shared by the West Germanic vernaculars of northwestern Germany and the Low Countries, including the South African ‘side branch’ Afrikaans.
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Grigore, George. "Ka a Temporal Prefix in Mardini Arabic Derived from the Verb Kana (To Be)." Hawliyat 9 (December 24, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/haw.v9i0.301.
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Grammaticalization is usually thought of as that subset of linguistic changes through which a lexical item in certain uses becomes a grammatical item, or through which a grammatical item becomes more grammatical (Hopper- Traugott, 2). This paper is an attempt to present this phenomenon, showing the results of our investigation on the development of the temporal marker in Mardini Arabic (spoken in Mardin province situated in Southern Turkey) from lexical items (kan-to be) into grammatical prefix (ka). This prefix is attached to the extratem- poral forms of the verb (imperfective and perfective). The verb kana (to be) existent both in standard Arabic and in all the Arabic dialects, has syntactically the role of a temporal marker that changes the tem- poral situation of a normal sentence (without kana). When the verb kana modi- fies a verbal sentence, both kana and the verb that follows it, independently take all the marks of conjugation (aspect, mood, person, gender and number). Hence, we realize that kana is not an auxiliary verb and the Arabic language does not have compound tense forms.
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Hidalgo, Margarita. "The Emergence of Standard Spanish in the American Continent." Language Problems and Language Planning 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.14.1.04hid.
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RESUMO La apero de norma hispana lingvo en la amerika kontinento: Implicoj por latinamerika dialektologio La cirkonstancoj, kiuj interven is en la formigo de norma speco de la hispana lingvo en la amerika kontinento, inkluzivis la esenc e urban karakteron de la Konkcro, la soci an kaj edukan fonon de la fruaj enmigrintoj el Hispanio, la prestigon de la hispana en la deksesa jarcento, kaj la forte pozitivan vidpunkton de la conquistadores koncerne sian gepatran lingvon. Tiu či artikolo skizas la fonologiajn aspektojn de la kastilia hispana lingvo plej rilatajn al la historic de hispanamerikaj dialektoj, la tradician kontraston de kulturaj kaj popularaj parolmanieroj, kaj la efikon de la hispanlingva skriba normo je la perceptoj de esploristoj pri hispanamerikaj dialektoj. Frontante la Iingvajn kaj socipsikologiajn fendojn inter la norma formo de la hispana kaj giaj respektivaj margenaj dialektoj en la amerika subkontinento, kaj substrekante la historie perceptatan nekontinuon inter norma kaj populara hispana lingvo, la artikolo supozigas (1) la ekziston de relative homogena dialekto uzata en la plej formalaj medioj de publika interagado en modernaj urbaj komunumoj, kaj (2) la lauŝtupan aperon de "kampurba" (rurban) dialekto kun aspektoj de klera kaj ankau neklera hispana. Fine, notante la rapidajn strukturajn Sangojn de la latinamerika socio ĝenerale, gi proponas novajn direktojn por la studo de sociaj kaj geografiaj dialektoj en la cefaj urbaj centroj de la kontinento. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Standardspanischen auf dem amerikanischen Kontinent: Auswirkungen für die latein-amerikanische Dialektologie Diese Arbeit erörtert die Umstände, unter denen die spanische Standardsprache auf dem amerikanischen Kontinen t zustande kam; die im wesentlichen auf die Stä'dte ausgeríchtete Eroberung, der gesellschaftliche Hintergrund, die Erziehung und Ausbildung der frühen spanischen Einwanderer, das Prestige der spanischen Sprache im sechzehnten Jahrhundert, und die höchst positive Einstellung der conquistadores, der spanischen Eroberer, gegenilber ihrer Muttersprache. Sie skizziert die wichtigsten phonologischen Merkmale des kastilischen Spanisch für die Geschichte der spanisch-amerikanischen Dialekte, die traditionelle Dichotomie von gebildeter und volksttlmlicher Sprech-weisc, und die Auswirkungen der geschriebenen Norm auf die Haltung der Sprachforscher bezüglich der spanisch-amerikanischen Dialekte. Der Artikel legt auf unorthodoxc Weise die linguistischen und soziopsychologischen Abgründe zwischen dem spanischen Standard und seinen entsprechenden Randdialekten auf dem latein-amerikanischen Subkontinent dar. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit kommt dem im historischen Zusammenhang gesehenen Hiatus zwischen der Hochsprache und der Volkssprache im Spanischen zu. Dabei gehe ich von der Annahme (1) der Existenz eines relativ homogenen Dialektes, der auf den höchst formalen Ebenen der öffentlichen Interaktion in modernen städtischen Gemeinden gebraucht wird, und (2) der progressiven Entstehung eines rurban (rural/urban = ländlich/städtischen) Dialektes mit Merkmalen sowohl des gebildeten als auch des ungebildeten Spanischen aus. Zulctzt, in Anbetracht des raschen Strukturwandels in der latein-amerikanischen Gesellschaft im Allge-meinen, gebe ich Anstöße für neue Richtungen im Studium von sozialen und geographischen Dialekten in den Großstadtzentren des Kontinents.
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Semėnaitė, Viktorija, and Nijolė Maskaliūnienė. "DIALEKTO VERTIMAS GROŽINĖJE LITERATŪROJE. ATVEJO ANALIZĖ." Vertimo studijos 10, no. 10 (January 19, 2018): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2017.10.11308.
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Straipsnyje nagrinėjama dialekto vertimo problematika. Atvejo analizei pasirinktas pasaulio vaikų literatūros aukso fondui priskiriamos Frances Hodgson Burnett knygos „Paslaptingas sodas“ vertimas į lietuvių kalbą. Aiškinamasi, ar vertėjas perteikė originalo tekste vartojamą tarmišką šneką (dialektą) ir kokias jos vertimo strategijas rinkosi. Taip pat ieškoma atsakymo į klausimą, ar jam pavyko perteikti šiame kūrinyje dialekto atliekamas stilistines ir pragmatines funkcijas. Analizė grindžiama dialekto žymiklių (fonetinių, leksinių, morfologinių, sintaksinių) perteikimo strategijomis (pagal Leszek Berezowski, 1997). Nustatyta, kad vertėjas panaudojo mažiau dialekto žymiklių, negu jų yra knygos originale, nes dažniausiai vartojama dialekto vertimo strategija buvo jo neutralizacija. Verčiant vaikų literatūrą tokia strategija pasiteisina, nes vaikams aktualus pats pasakojimas, jo istorija, o ne kalbos ar kultūrinės realijos, kurių jie dažnai nesupranta. Vis dėlto tais atvejais, kai dialekto vartojimas aktualus pasakojimo raidai, atlieka tam tikras stilistines ar pragmatines funkcijas, vertėjas rinkosi leksikalizacijos ir vertimo šnekamąja kalba strategijas. Tokiu būdu jam pavyko perteikti kūrinio stilistiką, išlaikyti jo rišlumą ir išsaugoti tarmiškai kalbai priskirtas funkcijas tekste.
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Vandermeeren, Sonja. "Dialektvitalität links und rechts der belgischen Sprachgrenze." Language Problems and Language Planning 17, no. 3 (January 1, 1993): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.17.3.01van.
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SUMMARY Dialect Vitality Left and Right of the Belgian Linguistic Frontier This article deals with a sociolinguistic research project that was carried out in two adjacent Belgian villages with a Low Frankish-speaking population: Teuven - one of the six Voer/ Fouron communes - and Sippenaken. In 1962 the linguistic frontier was fixed between these two villages. Teuven then became officially Dutch-speaking, Sippenaken remained officially French-speaking. The research project in question aimed at measuring the impact that the fixation of the linguistic frontier between these two villages had on the language behaviour and attitudes of the local population. In order to achieve this goal a standardized interview questionnaire was designed with questions about the dialect command and frequency of dialect and standard language use by parents and children. In addition, questions were asked about the appropriateness of using these language varieties in the home. Information about the existing attitudes towards the local dialect was elicited by investigating the convergence of the results gained in the interviews. RESUMO La pluvivivo de la dialekto dekstre kaj maldekstre de la belga lingvolimo La artikolo raportas pri socilingvistika esploro en du apudaj belgaj vilaĝoj kies loĝantoj parolas malaltfrankan dialekton: Teuven (unu el la ses komunumoj de Voer/Fouron) kaj Sippenaken. En 1962 oni fiksis la lingvolimon inter tiuj du vilagoj. Teuven per tio farigis oficiale nederlandlingva, dum Sippenaken restis oficiale franclingva. La priraportata esplorprojekto celis mezuri la efikon de la establo de la lingvolimo inter la du vilaĝoj al la lingvaj konduto kaj sinteno de la vilaĝanoj. Tiucele estis kompilita norma intervjuenketilo kun demandoj pri la grado de rego de la dialekto kaj la uzofteco de la dialekto kaj la norma lingvo fare de gepatroj kaj infanoj. Krome estis demandite ĉu estas konvene uzi tiujn lingvaĵojn en la familio. Informoj pri la sintenoj rilate al la loka dialekto estis kolektitaj per studo de la konvergo de la rezultoj de la intervjuoj.
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Muslimov, Mehmet Zakirovich. "NOTES ON THE LIISSILÄ INGRIAN FINNISH DIALECT." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-4-568-575.
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The article focuses on some peculiarities of the Ingrian Finnish dialect spoken in the former Lutheran parish of Liissilä in Central Ingria.Two main pecularities of the Liissilä dialect are the imperative 2Sg -kai and a special group of verb type with the -oi stem ending. Most of the isoglosses, which were previously proposed as typical of the Äyrämöinen dialect, are currently absent in the Liissilä dialect. The dialect of Liissilä partially preserves two old pecularities of the Äyrämöinen dialect, namely nouns ending in - ее and verbs ending in - oi. On the other hand, there are quite a lot of areal isoglosses, which are common in local dialects of both Savakko (Inkere, Venjoki) and Äyrämöinen (Liissilä, Tuutari) parishes. These isoglosses include tarttu ‘potato’, potra ‘beautiful’, hirvitä ‘to be afraid’, the presence of the diphthong in the 3Sg imperfect form, the 1Pl affix -mma , the vowel ö in the verb pölästyy ‘to be scared’, the present stem niäe- of the verb nähhä ‘to see’ and some others. In the Linguistic Atlas of the Baltic-Finnish Languages the dialect zones of the Finnish language, including such units as the “South-Eastern Southern dialect” or the “dialect of Northern Khyame” are classified as “Evremeysky dialect”, “Savaksky dialect” and “dialect of Narvusi” in the territory of Ingria.
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Juhani, Sefrianus. "TEOLOGI DIALEKTIS: BUAH TEOLOGI DARI RAHIM PERANG DUNIA PERTAMA." Jurnal Ledalero 16, no. 1 (June 3, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31385/jl.v16i1.56.7-25.
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<p align="justify">On the one hand, the First World War was the epitome of
destruction, on the other hand the war spurred humanity to think
deeply and be creative. An example of human creativity, a fruit of World
War I, was Dialectic Theology, a theology that counter-balances and
corrects Liberal Theology. It corrects the concept that identifies God
with the human, such that instead of humanity talking about God,
humanity deifies itself. Dialectic Theology invites theologians to return
to the Sacred Scriptures to rediscover the true concept of the Divine.
The God of Christians is the God who is absolutely “Other”, a concept
impossible for human reason to grasp. God can only be experienced in
faith. Nevertheless, Dialectic Theology is not without imperfections for
its theological model excessively absolutizes God. This tendency results
in Dialectic Theology falling into a similar fault as Liberal Theology.
Liberal Theology falls into anthropomorphism, while Dialectic Theology
falls into theocentrism. It also ignors other theological sources, namely
tradition and context. Contextual theologies are a reaction to Dialectic
Theology.
<b>Keywords:</b> dialectic theology, liberal theology, otherness, justification, religion, war.
Di satu sisi, perang berdaya menghancurkan, pada sisi lain,
ia memacu manusia untuk berpikir dan berkreasi. Salah satu kreasi
manusia, sebagai buah dari perang Dunia I adalah Teologi dialektis.
Teologi dialektis merupakan teologi yang muncul untuk mengoreksi
Teologi Liberal. Hal yang dikoreksi adalah konsep tentang Allah yang
bersifat antropomorfistis. Allah disamakan dengan manusia. Di sini,
manusia alih-alih berbicara tentang Allah, padahal yang terjadi adalah
ia yang meng-allah-kan dirinya. Terhadap realitas ini, Teologi dialektis
meminta para teolog untuk kembali kepada Kitab Suci. Sebab konsep
mengenai Allah yang benar ada di sana. Allah Kristen bukan Allah seperti
yang dipikirkan oleh teologi liberal. Allah Kristen adalah Allah “yang
lain”. Allah yang berbeda secara absolut dengan manusia. Terhadap Allah
macam ini, rasio manusia tidak mungkin menjangkaunya. Ia hanya bisa
dialami dalam iman. Teologi dialektis bukanlah tanpa cacat. Model
teologi ini terlalu mengabsolutkan Allah. Tendensi ini telah membuat
teologi ini jatuh ke dalam dosa yang sama seperti teologi liberal. Dosa
teologi liberal adalah antropomorfisme, sedangkan dosa Teologi dialektis
adalah teosentrisme. Kekeliruan yang lain dari teologi ini adalah
pengabaian sumber lain dalam berteologi, yaitu tradisi dan konteks.
Teologi kontekstual merupakan tanggapan atas Teologi dialektis.
<b>Kata-kata kunci:</b> teologi dialektis, teologi liberal, alteritas, pembenaran,agama, perang.</p>
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Chen, Ping. "Modern Written Chinese, Dialects, and Regional Identity." Language Problems and Language Planning 20, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.20.3.02che.
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La moderna skriba cina lingvo, dialektoj kaj regiona identeco La artikolo analizas la cefajn lingvajn kaj socipolitikajn kaŭzojn de la subevoluinteco de skribaj lingvoj baziĝantaj sur nemandarinaj dialektoj de la cina lingvo. Gi esploras nunajn lingvoplanadajn klopodojn normigi skriban lingvon surbaze de la cefa loka dialekto en Tajvano. Gi konkludas ke la tiucelan movadon instigis la politika afero ligita al pli forta emfazo pri regiona identeco, al kiu la lingva movado ankaŭ siaflanke kontribuas. Malgraŭ muite da entuziasmo kaj fervoro de kelkaj lingvistoj kaj verkistoj, tiuj klopodoj gis nun ne akiris generalan akcepton. Surbaze de komparo kun esplorrezultoj pri la rilato inter lokalingva verkado kaj regiona identeco en Eŭropo, la artikolo tezas ke la eduka, socia kaj politika prezo de sukcesa disvastigo de dialekta verkado eble estas pli alta ol ke gi iam povus esti akceptita en la cina socio.
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Hidayat, Rahmad. "KAIDAH MORFOFONEMIK BAHASA SUMBAWA DIALEK SUMBAWA BESAR." GENTA BAHTERA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47269/gb.v4i1.42.
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This study aimed to describe morphophonemic rules of Sumbawa language of Sumbawa Besar dialect. The description of the morphophonemic process in this study focuses on the morphophonemic rules based on the entire group of affixed morphemes found in the Sumbawa language of Sumbawa Besar dialect. The data was collected by using Introspektif method and Catat technique. Analyzing data using the Hubung-Banding Menyamakan and Hubung-Banding Membedakan techniques of the Padan Intralingual methods. The presentation of data analysis results using Formal and Informal methods. The affixed morpheme in BSDSB consists of prefixes {ba-}, {raN-}, {ka-}, {kaN-}, {pa-}, {paN-}, {sa-}, {saN-}, and {N-} and infix {-N-}. Each affixed morpheme has several concrete forms of morph as it joins the basic form by affixation. Morpheme {ba-} has four concrete forms, namely {ba-}, {bar-}, {bal-}, and {ra-}. Morpheme {raN-} has four concrete forms, they are {ran-}, {ram-}, {raŋ-}, and {rañ-}. Morpheme {ka-} has only a concrete form of {ka-}. Morpheme {kaN-} has seven concrete forms, namely {ka-}, {kaŋ-}, {kam-}, {kan-}, {kañ-}, {kaŋə-}, and {gan-}. Morpheme {saN-} has five concrete forms, they are {sa-}, {sam-}, {san-}, {saŋ-}, and {saŋə-}. Morpheme {sa-} has only a concrete form of {s-}. Morpheme {pa-} has only a concrete form of {pa-}. Morpheme {paN-} has eight concrete forms of morph {pa-}, {pam-}, {pan-}, {pañ-}, {paŋ-}, {paŋə-}, {par-}, and {pal-}. Morpheme {N-} has six concrete forms of morph {ŋ-}, {ñ-}, {m-}, {n-}, {ma}, and {mar-}. Infix morpheme {-N-} has two concrete forms of morph {-n-} and {-m-}. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kaidah morfofonemik bahasa Sumbawa dialek Sumbawa Besar. Uraian proses morfofonemik dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada kaidah morfofonemik berdasarkan seluruh kelompok morfem afiks yang terdapat dalam bahasa Sumbawa dialek Sumbawa Besar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode instrospektif dan teknik catat. Penganalisisan data menggunakan teknik hubung-banding menyamakan dan hubung-banding membedakan dari metode padan intralingual. Penyajian hasil analisis data menggunakan metode formal dan informal. Morfem afiks dalam BSDSB terdiri atas prefiks yakni {ba-}, {raN-}, {ka-}, {kaN-}, {pa-}, {paN-}, {sa-}, {saN-}, dan {N-} serta infiks {-N-}. Tiap-tiap morfem afiks memiliki beberapa wujud konkret berupa morf ketika bergabung dengan bentuk dasar melalui afiksasi. Morfem {ba-} memiliki empat wujud konkret, yaitu {ba-}, {bar-}, {bal-}, dan {ra-}. Morfem {raN-} memiliki empat wujud konkret berupa {ran-}, {ram-}, {raŋ-}, dan {rañ-}. Morfem {ka-} hanya memiliki satu wujud konket, yaitu {ka-}. Morfem {kaN-} memiliki tujuh wujud konkret, yaitu {ka-}, {kaŋ-}, {kam-}, {kan-}, {kañ-}, {kaŋə-}, dan {gan-}. Morfem {saN-} memiliki lima wujud konkret berupa {sa-}, {sam-}, {san-}, {saŋ-}, dan {saŋə-}. Morfem {sa-} hanya memiliki satu wujud konkret yakni {sa-}. Morfem {pa-} hanya memiliki wujud konkret berupa {pa-}. Morfem {paN-} memiliki delapan wujud konkret berupa {pa-}, {pam-}, {pan-}, {pañ-}, {paŋ-}, {paŋə-}, {par-}, dan {pal-}. Morfem {N-} memiliki enam wujud konkret berupa morf {ŋ-}, {ñ-}, {m-}, {n-}, {ma}, dan {mar-}. Morfem infiks {-N-} memiliki dua wujud konkret berupa {-n-} dan {-m-}.
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AlShammiry, Khalaf M. J. "LEFT BRANCH EXTRACTION OUT OF THE DETERMINER PHRASE IN SAUDI NORTHERN REGION DIALECT OF ARABIC: A NEW PERSPECTIVE." Malaysian Journal of Languages and Linguistics (MJLL) 6, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/mjll.vol6iss2pp17-35.
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To my knowledge, Left Branch Extraction (LBE) out of the Determiner Phrase (DP) is not previously attested in Modern Standard Arabic ( MSA) or any of the Arabic dialects. In Saudi Northern Region dialect of Arabic (SNRDA), the wh-degree question kam “how many/much” can appear at the left periphery of the clause leaving the noun and other postnominal modifiers in the base position, in both the subject and the object positions. In this paper, I will argue for a new perspective for the syntactic phenomenon LBE in which the extracted element is a full DP, not part of a DP as previous studies assume, that moves leaving the other DP in situ. That is to say, I will argue that there are two DPs in the argument position; one of those two DPs is the numeral and the other is all that comes after the numeral including the overt noun and its postnominal modifiers. It is only the wh-item kam “how many/how much”, which moves to the left periphery of the clause. My argument is supported, besides other things, by morpho-syntactic similarities between the numeral and the noun, for example both participating in topic and focus constructions and both use of pro-clitic h- and the use of the definite article al- “the” with other pre-nominal modifier like the quantifier kil “all” and baadh “some. This paper is unique in that it provides a new perspective on LBE in a dialect of Arabic which is rarely discussed.
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Milašius, Oskaras Vladislovas. "Lietuvių tautos kilmė." Problemos 27 (September 29, 2014): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.1982.27.6316.
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Publikuojamas O. Milašiaus tekstas, kuriame svarstoma apie Lietuvių tautos kilmę. Teigiama, kad lietuvių kilmės klausimas labai aktualus pasidarė tada, kai buvo nustatyta lietuvių ir sanskrito kalbų giminystė. Baltų, o ypač lietuvių, dialektus lyginamoji kalbotyra laiko neabejotinai archaiško tipo kalba. Lietuvių kalba yra pati seniausia ir archaiškiausia iš Europos arijų kalbų, kadangi Lietuva buvo nutolusi nuo didžiųjų Europos nacijų. Juo senesnė tauta, juo didesnis tarpinių kalbos etapų skaičius, skiriantis dabartinę kalbą muo pirmapradės kalbos. Autorius apželgia įvairius archeologinius duomenis ir istorinius tyrinėjimus, susijusius su lietuvių tautos kilme. Teigiama, kad liaudies tradicija yra gyvybingesnė nei fiziologiniai ypatumai ar net pati kalba, aptariamos lietuvių tautosakos ypatybės. Joje didelis vaidmuo skirtas laumėms, šiaurinėms pseudo-lotynų ir pseudo-graikų lamijų seserims. Šioms moterims-vampyrams mokslas priskiria egiptietišką kilmę. Kai kurios lietuviškos dainos priedainio vietoje turi onomatopėjas, panašių priedainių esama ir kitose Europos kalbose.
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Collis, Dirmid Ronán F. "The Use of Distributed Language Translation in Language Management." Language Problems and Language Planning 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.16.1.04col.
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RESUME Cet article traite d'un problème langagier commun à ceux des autochtones du Canada qui parlent toujours leur langue et conserve encore leur culture. Ceux-ci ressentent actuellement deux urgences: d'une part, de pouvoir gagner leur vie à un niveau comparable au standing des populations allochtones, et d'autre part, de pouvoir travailler chez eux au sein de leur propre culture et dans leur propre habitat. L'auteur observe, en outre, ce qui tend à arriver à l'autochtone qui essaie de s'assimiler au mode de vie allochtone, afin de partager un niveau de vie plus élévé. On observe que la langue autochtone, bien que parlée et écrite, n'a jamais été aménagée, unifiée, ou normalisé au Canada comme elle l'a été au Groenland ou au Paraguay, où la langue autochtone est officielle. On examine les caractéristiques d'un dialecte autochtone, d'une branche de la langue inuktitut, la langue des inuit. Par la suite, l'auteur propose quelques applications de la traductique à la résolution des problèmes économiques et sociaux. Les solutions proposées sont: la création d'une interface entre les dialectes de la langue autochtones par truchement de la traduction automatisée vers plusieurs dialectes à la fois (la "pluriductique"); et l'emploi, à cette fin, d'un métalangage normalisé provenant du calcule de la forme moyenne des dialectes. Aussi proposée, est la création d'une interface entre la langue autochtone et la langue allochtone (l'anglais ou le français). L'interface qui fait le pont entre langues autochtones et allochtones, permettra de se servir de l'ordinateur comme station de travail à distance (la télématique). Enfin, en passant, on traite de l'application de la traduction distribuée dans la modification stylistique pour objectifs pédagogiques, soit l'interface entre le style d'apprentissage de l'individu et la bibliothèque source du savoir. RESUMO La indigenaj popoloj de Kanado, kiuj daŭre parolas sian lingvon kaj vivtenas sian kulturon, havas du urgajn bezonojn: perlabori siajn vivbezonojn sur nivelo komparebla al tiu de la loĝantoj en la resto de la lando, kaj trovi eblecojn labori restante en sia kulturo kaj en sia logregiono. Eblas, ke anoj de tiuj popoloj, kiel kulture neagnoskitaj individuoj, ensimiligas en la "ĉefan" socion, sed ofte ill pagas por tio per soleco en la nepersona pluralisma socio kaj per la bezono batali kontraŭ la tento de droga kaj alkohola dependigo. Kontraste al la guarania en Paragvajo au la gronlanda en Gronlando, la kanadaj indigenaj lingvoj, kiuj estas en parola kaj skriba uzo, ankoraŭ ne estis unuigitaj au normigitaj. Estas traktataj la karakterizajoj de unu el la indigenaj lingvoj, branĉo de la inuktituta, la lingvo de la inuitoj (eskimoj), kaj estas proponataj diversaj aplikoj de tradukteknologio al la solvado de la ekonomiaj kaj sociaj problemoj. Precipe estas proponata uzo de Distribuita Lingvotradukado (DLT) kiel konektilo inter la malproksimaj dialektoj de la indigenaj lingvoj unuflanke, kaj inter la indiĝenaj kaj la oficialaj lingvoj de Kanado (angla kaj franca) aliflanke. Tia ponta komunikado ebligus perkomputilan distanclaboradon en la indiĝena lingvo en la tradicia logregiono. En tia sistemo, oni ricevus datenojn el anglaj au francaj fontoj kaj konektus ilin al la loka lingvo. Prilaborinte la datenojn per la indigena lingvo, la distanclaborantoj resendus la ĝisdatigitajn datenojn al la dunganto post retraduko al la angla au franca. Estas krome diskutataj edukaj aplikoj de DLT en prilaborado de tekstoj por specifaj celgrupoj en bibliotekaŭtomatigo kaj perkomputila distancinstruado.
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Epstein, Robert. ""Fer in the north; I kan nat telle where": Dialect, Regionalism, and Philologism." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 30, no. 1 (2008): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.0.0021.
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Shulgina, Liliya A. "DIALECTICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF K.N. LEONTIEV." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 400 (November 1, 2015): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/400/17.
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Davis, Garry W. "Toward a Progression Theory of the Old High German Consonant Shift." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 20, no. 3 (September 2008): 197–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147054270800007x.
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The preference for bimoraic stressed syllables in pre-Old High German necessitated the phonological restructuring of syllables with stressed, short vowels either by early implementation of open syllable lengthening (non-shifting dialects north of the Benrath line) or by triggering an autochthonous phonological shift of+t,+p,+kafter short vowels (shifting dialects). From there, the OHG dialects “progressed” though the rest of the shift in a largely parallel fashion. Asymmetry of the shift of+-pand+-kand geminate+-ppand+-kkwas caused by place bias, however, especially in the Rhenish dialects where tone accents could sometimes delay or block the shift of these segments. The greater susceptibility of the more marked labial and velar affricates (-pf- and −kx-) to weakening limited their later occurrence to dialects outside the Rhineland. The reanalysis of aspirated+t- [th],+p-[ph],+k-[kh] as affricates in initial position was possible only when the corresponding geminate had already shifted, exemplifying both the effects of place bias as well as a kind of phonological reanalysis Blevins (2004) calls “choice.”
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Othman, M. M. Kifah Ali. "The historical dialectic between the ideal Hegel and material Marx A comparative study." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 223, no. 2 (October 28, 2018): 611–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v223i2.361.
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The dialectic or (Controversy) is one of the most important subjects of controversy around several times. We find in Plato, Aristotle included different meanings, each according to his philosophy and that's what I've ever had in this first section.Dialectical returned by Hegel to acquire new meaning and deep Velsvs still so far used contemporary philosophers, Alhegela The debate is an experience of a special kind, absolute perfect experience trying to track the transformations first, "Powell This was the second topic.The same approach dialectical Hegel but away from materialism and idealism purely related to Marx this approach, explaining "the history and progress of color shifts and society Kan physical style derives its strength through the study of economic phenomena, and that's what we'll find in the third section.
Alhegela controversy is that movement uptrend, from the fact that the mobile world to the fact top and be named this transition more and more comprehensive.
Marx has adopted downside controversy Hegel but purely material formulations format denied the perfect and absolute accounts Valtnaqs Marx is designed to detect sources of continuous movement and the evolution of the physical world. Bringing to us clearly differentiate between two contradictory dialectics of Hegel and Marx Diaketal, although the first is the origin of the second generator.
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Kinginger, Celeste, and Sheng-Hsun Lee. "The dialects of control and connection in the study abroad homestay." Study Abroad Research in Second Language Acquisition and International Education 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 19–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sar.17014.kin.
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Abstract As in every conversation, negotiation for control and connection is at the heart of communication in the study abroad homestay. Finding a comfortable footing on the control-and-connection continua (i.e., closeness versus distance, and hierarchy versus equality) is both a product and a process of language learning in the homestay. Drawing on interviews of all parties and recordings of homestay interactions, we present the dialectical interplay of control and connection through analysis of conversational narratives recounted at Chinese homestay dinner tables. We recruit Wertsch’s (1998) notion of mediated action to show how stories, as cultural tools, were employed by the hosts and students to construct moral injunctions and to cultivate closeness through mutual caring (guānxīn), affective gratification (qièyì), and attentiveness (tiēxīn). Findings of the study challenge assumptions about homestay communication as a power struggle only and underscore the importance of teaching students to appreciate the value of interpersonal exchange in homestay settings.
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Van Niekerk, A. C. J. "Kan J A Heyns se Sosiale Etiek ons teologies toerus vir die toekoms?" Verbum et Ecclesia 13, no. 2 (July 18, 1992): 21–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v13i2.1058.
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Can J A Heyns’ Social Ethic equip us theologically for the future? Heyns’ socio-ethical model, which is based on a "cultivar" of the Calvinistic philosophy, provides ethical stability with its theocentric anchor. However, it shows shortcomings as to flexibility and relevancy because a dialectic between deductive and inductive ways of theologizing is lacking. The use of the notion "Volksverband" (national bond) as an ethical pillar in the first chapter cannot be derived from a New Testamentical centre but can rather be connected to the theology of creational orders. Although the chapter contains important ethical directives for internal dialogue amongst (white) Afrikaners, there is very little on the economic, semiotic, restitutional and ecological facets of modem group-forming tendencies.
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Dresser, Rebecca. "Edmund Pellegrino and the Art of Civilized Dialectics." Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 24, no. 2 (2014): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ken.2014.0016.
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Geyer, Klaus. "What you can learn from Dialect Phrasebooks for Lay Dialectology and Lay Linguistics." Acta Linguistica Lithuanica, no. 83 (2020): 248–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35321/all83-12.
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Cotrim, Felipe. "Resenha do Livro: Friedrich Engels and the Dialectics of Nature." Revista Fim do Mundo, no. 5 (August 28, 2021): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2675-3871.2021.v2n5.p332-338.
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Cygan, Stanisław. "Dialect in the consciousness of rural inhabitants (the example of Kielce and Opoczno regions)." Język a Kultura 28 (May 5, 2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.28.3.
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The subject matter of the article is the way in which the rural population of two regions, namely Kielce and Opoczno, sees their language. Field studies were conducted in 2018, involving mainly the oldest residents of the village of Lasocin, Kielce County (1993–1997 and later) and 40 villages in Opoczno County in 2018. The responses, recorded using a voice recorder, show that they treat dialect as a variety of language of a limited geographical range: mainly local (borders of one village, several neighbouring villages); regional (e.g. Silesia, Kaszuby, Kielce, Opoczno, Podhale, Kurpie and others), characteristic of the oldest generation. The dialect is also, in their opinion, a vital indicator of local identity, an essential element of community ties (cf. mówić po nasemu). The dialect in the consciousness of the speakers is distinguished by certain linguistic features from the phonetic subsystem, e.g. a narrowed vowel articulation a→o, e→i, y, articulation broadening i, y→e, e.g. piełka, bieł, beła, labialisation of the initial o, denasalisation of nasal vowels ą→o, ę→e, and lexis, e.g. kaj, źmioki, zaściegacka, podwyrze, plindze, nizinier.
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Corbera Pou, Jaume. "Le trilinguisme au Luxembourg." Language Problems and Language Planning 17, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.17.1.05cor.
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RESUM El trilinguisme a Luxemburg L'article lr de la Llei del 24 de febrer de 1984 sobre el règim de llengiïes diu que "la llengua nacional dels luxemburguesos es el luxemburguès". En realitat, perô, el luxemburguès, dialecte germànic oficialitzat com a "llengua" malgrat la manca de consciència lingiiîstica diferencial dels seus parlants, compleix purament una funciô simbôlica: com que Luxemburg es una naciô té la seva prôpia llengua. De fet, les funcions socialment importants son realitzades per les llengues alemanya i francesa, que son les prôpies de l'educaciô escolar, dels mitjans de comu-nicaciô, l'administraciô municipal i estatal, etc., mentre que la llengua luxemburguesa ocupa Tàmbit d'us mes popular: la conversa informai en famflia o al carrer i l'educaciô pre-escolar. Amb tot, els anys darrers el luxemburguès ha accedit, encara que en molt petita proporciô, a diversos àmbits formais: els débats parlamentaris, els tribunals, la radio i la televisiô, la premsa escrita... Es pot parlar, doncs, d'una triglôssia luxemburguesa, on la "llengua nacional" es una modalitat B condicionada per dues modalitats A. ^Quin es, aixi, el futur de la llengua luxemburguesa? Si es innegable que ha fet un cert avanç en el cami de la normalitzaciô, no ho es menys que n'es encara molt lluny i que, contraposada a llengues d'un pes molt fort internacionalment (el francès i l'alemany sobretot, perô també 1'angles, omnipresent als mitjans de comunicaci ó) o cada vegada mes presents al Gran Ducat per mor de la immigració (portuguès, italià, serbo-croat...), s'enfronta a un esdevenidor incert i insegur. RESUMO Trilingvismo en Luksemburgo Lau la 1-a artikolo de la Lego pro Lingva Regimo (24 februaro 1984) "la nacia lingvo de la luksemburganoj estas la luksemburga". Tamen, la luksemburga lingvo - germana dialekto oficialigita kiel "lingvo" malgraû manko de memdiferenciga konscio inter giaj geparolantoj -plenumas precipe simbolan rolon. Car Luksemburgo estas nacio, gi do posedu sian propran lingvon. Fakte, la cefaj sociaj funkcioj - ekzemple la lerneja edukado, la amaskomunikiloj kaj la stata kaj komunuma administracioj - efektivigas en la franca kaj germana lingvoj, dum la luksemburga restas limigita al popularaj, neformalaj spacoj, t.e. la familio, la strato kaj la vartejo. Cetere, dum ci-lastaj jaroj la luksemburga ekokupis, ec se tre malgrandskale, diversajn formalajn spacojn - kiaj parlamentaj debatoj, tribunaloj, radio, televido, jurnaloj... Oni do povas paroli pri luksemburga trilingveco, la nacia lingvo rolanta kiel modalo B kvankam kondicita de du modaloj A. Kia do montrigas la luksemburga lingva estonto? Malgrau senduba progreso la Grandduklando staras tre malproksime de plena normaligo, fronte al lingvoj kun granda internacia pezo (krom la franca kaj la germana, la angla sencese entrudigas en la amaskomunikilojn); aliflanke, la lingvoj de enmigrantoj (portugaloj, italoj, serboj, kroatoj ktp.) farigas ankaù pli kaj pli influaj.
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Djité, Paulin G. "Correcting Errors in Language Classification." Language Problems and Language Planning 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.12.1.01dji.
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SOMMAIRE Corriger des erreurs dans la classification langagière: Noyau monolingue et satellites multilingues Cet article présente un exemple de division langagière arbitraire (Guéré/Wo-bé), et montre pourquoi il est possible de soutenir qu'il existe en Côte d'Ivoire des noyaux monolingues et des dialectes périphériques. La nomenclature des langues en Côte dlvoire et en Afrique exagère la diversité linguistique et donne une fausse impression de désunion des populations. Cet article propose l'intégration des données sociolinguistiques, telles que les attitudes langagières, dans les méthodes d'analyse de la classification langagière et prétend que cette nouvelle approche aura des implications importantes pour la planification langagière et les politiques de langues en Côte d'Ivoire et en Afrique. RESUMO Korekti erarojn en lingvo-klasifado: Unulingvaj nukleoj kaj multlingvaj satelitoj Tiu ci artikolo priskribas kazon de arbitraj lingvolimoj (Guéré kontraǔ Wobé), kaj montras kiel oni povas argumenti, ke troviĝas en Ebura Bordo unulingva nukleo kun multlingvaj satelitoj. Konstatoj pri la nombro de lingvoj en Ebura Bordo kaj en Afriko generale emas troigi la lingvan diversecon kaj donas impreson pri disdivideco de la enloĝantaro esence faisan. La artikolo proponas integrigon de donitaĵoj pri lingvosinteno (memraportaĵoj) en analizajn metodojn de lingvo-klasifado kaj atentigas pri la implicoj de tia aliro al lingvoplanado kaj lingvopolitiko en Ebura Bordo kaj en Afriko.
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Mankov, Alexander. "The dialect of Gammalsvenskby: compiling a dictionary of an unexplored language (kofe — kon-fö́re)." St.Tikhons' University Review. Series III. Philology 56 (September 30, 2018): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15382/sturiii201856.144-149.
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O'Donnell, Paul E. "Catalan and Castilian as Prestige Languages." Language Problems and Language Planning 12, no. 3 (January 1, 1988): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.12.3.03odo.
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SUMARIO El catalán y el castellano como lenguas de prestigio: Una historia de dos ciudades El catalan, idioma minoritario de la Peninsula Ibérica, a pesar de gozar de gran prestigio, es clasificado a veces de manera incorrecta. Algunos lingüistas lo han tildado de lengua de poca importancia, otros lo han catalogado como "dialecto del castellano." Sin embargo, el catalan es la lengua preferida no solo de las clases altas, sino también de los hijos de los inmigrantes de habla castellana en Cataluna. Esto es de gran importancia ya que es una de las regiones mas ricas e industrializadas de España. El catalan no goza del mismo prestigio en todas las regiones donde se habla. En la franja catalanoparlante de Aragon, el proceso de "normalizaciôn lingiiistica" no esta muy avanzado, y es el castellano la lengua que se usa en situaciones oficiales. Además, en una ciudad "catalanista" de la costa mediterrânea, incluso los hijos de familias castellano-parlantes prefieren muchas veces identificarse como catalano-hablantes. Frente a tal variedad de opiniones sobre el prestigio del catalan, este artículo trata de analizar la apreciaciôn lingiiistica de tal idioma segûn tres criterios básicos: (1) comentarios directos sobre el valor del catalan o del castellano; (2) el porcentaje de castellanismos que se emplean en las entrevistas que realicé para este trabajo; y (3) el conocimiento de un solo término o lexema para un concepto léxico dado. Este mode de análisis trata de definir el prestigio lingüistico basado en las declaraciones de los mismos catalanoparlantes. La observaciôn y grabaciôn de cambios de lengua y de comentarios sobre la apreciaciôn lingiiistica nos da una idea mas clara del grado de exito de la "normalizaciôn lingiiistica"; es decir, la medida en que el catalan se ha extendido a todos los niveles sociales y a todos las situaciones. RESUMO La kataluna kaj kastilia kiel prestiĝaj lingvoj: Rakonto de du urboj La kataluna minoritata lingvo, kiu ĝuas grandan formalan prestiĝon, estas ofte misklasifita, eĉ fare de spertaj lingvistoj. Foje nomata "dialekto de la kastilia hispana," foje konsiderata kiel malaltstatusa lingvo, la kataluna estas efektive parolata en unu el la plej riĉaj, plej evoluintaj regionoj de Hispanic Ĝi ankaŭ estas la preferata lingvo kaj de la surloke naskita administra klaso kaj de la infanoj de kastiliparolantaj enmigrintoj. Tarn en, la kataluna ne ĝuas egalan statuson en ĉiuj regionoj, kie ĝi estas parolata. En la katalunparolanta orienta bordo de Aragono, ekster la vera Katalunio, oni faris nur etajn paŝojn al la lingva normaligo de la kataluna, kaj la kastilia restas la lingvo de formalaj situacioj. Sed en lingve tre konscia urbo laŭ la kataluna marbordo, eĉ infanoj el kastiliparolantaj familioj of te preferis identigi sin kiel denaskajn parolantojn de la kataluna. Fronte al tiel variaj sintenoj koncerne la katalunan, la nuna artikolo celas analizi lingvan prestiĝon laŭ tri bazaj faktoroj: (1) rektaj komentoj pri lingva statuso; (2) la procentaĵo de kastiliaĵoj uzataj de katalunaj parolantoj; kaj (3) scio de unuopa norma termino por difinita leksika koncepto. Ĉion ĉi la aŭtoro eltiris per normigita lingva intervjuo. Tiu analiza metodo celas difini prestiĝon laŭ la parolantoj, kiuj efektive utiligas la lingvojn. Rekta observado kaj registrado de lingvouzo kaj kodŝaltado donas pli klaran bildon de la sukcesoj kaj malsukcesoj de la "lingvonormaliga" procedo en diversaj regionoj, t.e. la grado, ĝis kiu la kataluna etendiĝis jam al ĉiuj sociaj niveloj kaj situacioj.
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Hunwick, John. "A Historical Whodunit: The So-Called “Kano Chronicle” and its Place in the Historiography of Kano." History in Africa 21 (1994): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171883.
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Murray Last obliquely suggests that [the “Kano Chronicle”] is best regarded as a rather free compilation of local legends and traditions drafted in the mid-seventeenth century by a humorous Muslim rationalist who almost seems to have studied under Levi-Strauss.The danger lies in being carried away by one's own ingenuity.The question of the authorship and date(s) of writing of the so-called “Kano Chronicle” (KC) and hence how historians should evaluate it as a source, have intrigued students of Kano (and wider Hausa) history since the work was first translated into English by H. R. Palmer in 1908. Palmer himself had the following to say:The manuscript is of no great age, and must on internal evidence have been written during the latter part of the decade 1883-1893; but it probably represents some earlier record which has now perished….The authorship is unknown, and it is very difficult to make a guess. On the one hand the general style of the composition is quite unlike the “note” struck by the sons of Dan Hodio [ʿUthmān b. Fūdī, Abdulahi and Muḥammad Bello, and imitated by other Fulani writers. There is almost complete absence of bias or partizanship…. On the other hand, the style of the Arabic is not at all like that usually found in the compositions of Hausa mallams of the present day; there are not nearly enough “classical tags” so to speak, in it…. That the author was thoroughly au fait with the Kano dialect of Hausa is evident from several phrases used in the book, for instance “ba râyi ba” used in a sense peculiar to Kano of “perforce.” The original may perhaps have been written by some stranger from the north who settled in Kano, and collected the stories of former kings handed down by oral tradition.
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Hidalgo, Margarita. "Español mexicano y español chicano." Language Problems and Language Planning 11, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 166–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.11.2.03hid.
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SUMMARY Mexican Spanish and Chicano Spanish: Fundamental Problems and Proposals The first sections of this article discuss the historical circumstances that intervened in the emergence of Mexican Spanish as an independent variety of Mexican Spanish; it also describes the geographic and social dialects of contemporary Mexican Spanish in the light of the studies carried out or directed by J. M. Lope Blanch. The second part compares the phonological and morphosyntactic phenomena that characterize Mexican and Chicano or Mexican American Spanish, the variety spoken in the southwestern part of the United States. Although the language data presented herein evidence countless similarities between the two varieties, the author assumes that the varíability of Mexican Spanish is greater than that of Chicano Spanish inasmuch as the demographic explosion, the intense internal migration, and the growth of the mass media in Mexico have caused speakers of diverse geographic and social backgrounds to be in close contact. Finally, since Chicano Spanish is very similar to and less varíable than Mexican Spanish, the author proposes a possible language planning based on a Chicano variety with salient Mexican features. RESUMO Meksika hispana lingvo kaj cikana hispana: Fundamentaj problemoj kaj proponoj. La unuaj sekcioj de tiu ci artikolo traktas la historiajn cirkonstancojn, kiuj intervenis en la ekapero de la meksika hispana kiel sendependa varíanto de la duoninsula hispana lingvo. Ĝi ankaǔ priskribas la geografiajn kaj sociajn dialektojn de la nuntempa mek-sika hispana en la kunteksto de la studoj faritaj aǔ direktitaj de J. M. Lope Blanch. La dua parto komparas la fonologiajn kaj morfosintaksajn fenomenojn, kiuj karak-terizas meksikan kaj ĉikanan aǔ meksik-amerikan hispanan lingvon, do tiun varíanton parolatan en la sudokcidenta parto de Usono. Kvankam la lingvaj informoj donataj ĉi tie montras sennombrajn similecojn inter la du varíanto], la aǔtoro supozas, ke la va-riemo de la meksik-hispana estas pli granda ol tiu de la ĉikan-hispana pro tio, ke la demografia eksplodo, la intensa interna migrado kaj la kresko de la amaskomunikiloj en Meksiko metis en proksiman kontakton parolantojn el diversaj fonoj geografiaj kaj sociaj. Fine, ĉar la ĉikan-hispana estas tre simila al la meksik-hispana, kaj malpli va-riema, la aǔtoro proponas eblan lingvoplanan procedon bazitan sur ĉikana varíanto kun evidentaj meksikaj elementoj.
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Noller, Jörg. "Logik des Scheins. Kant über theoretische und praktische Selbsttäuschung." Kant-Studien 112, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2021-0005.
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Abstract In this paper, I will reconstruct Kant’s theory of illusion from the perspective of his transcendental philosophy. I argue that it is Kant’s theory of dialectic as the “logic of illusion” that grounds both theoretical and practical error and that traces them back to a common root: the operation of rationalizing by theoretical and practical reason. I analyze different kinds of theoretical and practical errors and show how they are grounded in reason’s general propensity to rationalize. The paper exposes this common root and shows which rules Kant develops in order to avoid rationalizing.
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Geismann, Georg. "Zur Rolle der Freiheit in Kants (Moral-)Philosophie." Kant-Studien 111, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 386–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2020-0020.
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AbstractThe focus of this paper is on the concepts of practical and transcendental freedom, their relation to each other, and their role in Kant’s (moral) philosophy. It is argued that there is in this regard neither an inconsistency or contradiction between the Dialectic and the Canon of the first Critique nor a break between the first and the second Critique. The Canon’s claim that we cognize practical freedom through experience must by no means be understood as implying that Kant held a “naturalized” concept of freedom. The paper also reveals the preparatory role of the first Critique with respect to the moral philosophy that Kant, beginning in the Groundwork, presented in the following years.
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Abakar, Musa Abdelrahman. "Pour une autre politique des langues au Soudan." Language Problems and Language Planning 13, no. 3 (January 1, 1989): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.13.3.07aba.
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RESUMO Cele al alia lingvopolitiko en Sudano La aǔtoro mallonge priskribas la lingvan situacion en Sudano cele al evidentigo de la etna kaj lingva diverseco, kiu karakterizas tiun landon. Li montras la efektivan korelacion inter la uzado de tiuj lingvoj kaj ekonomiaj, politikaj kaj sociaj faktoroj, por tiel trabati la limigitan kadron de ellistigo de lingvoj kaj parolantoj, kiu estas tro kutima en studoj de multlingveco. Li krome emfazas la gravecon de la nocio de vehikuleco kiel objektiva donitaĵo se oni volas mezuri la veran naturon de lingva diverseco. Pro tio, li traktas la arabajn dialektojn de la nordo same kiel tiujn de la sudo, kie la situacio ŝajnas esti aparte komplika. Fine, la procedo de arabigo de la lando estas esplorata por substreki la ligon inter la lingva kaj religia faktoroj kaj la efiko de tiu procedo je la parolantoj de indiĝenaj lingvoj. Konklude, la aütoro proponas lingvan politikon, kiu, prenante en konsideron la plurlingvan karakteron de la sudana socio, celas al starigo de ekvilibro inter la diversaj etnaj komponentoj de la lando. SUMMARY Toward a Different Language Policy in the Sudan The author provides a brief description of the language situation in the Sudan to show its ethnic and linguistic diversity. Departing from the prevailing tendency in studies of multilingualism, namely, the narrow enumeration of languages and speakers, he examines the actual correlation between language use and economic, political, and social factors. He stresses the importance of the notion of vehicular language as an objective means of measuring the true nature of linguistic diversity. Thus he includes in his study the Arabic dialects of the north as well as those of the south, where the situation seems particularly complicated. Finally, the process of the arabization of the country is studied to underline the link between linguistic and religious factors and the impact of this process on speakers of the vernacular. The author concludes by recommending a language policy that would take the multilingual character of Sudanese society into consideration and would aim for the establishment of an equilibrium among the various ethnic elements in the country.
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Remetic, Slobodan. "O posessivnoj konstrukcii u + roditel'nyj padez licnogo mestoimenija na territorii vostocnoj Bosnii." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 64 (2008): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0864391r.
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(ruski) Rabota posvjascena analizu vostocno-bosnijskoj konstrukcii U roditel'nyj padez licnogo (ili kakogo-libo drugogo) mestoimenija v sobstvenno posessivnoj funkcii. V reci serbov na territorii ot nas. p. Gorne Birce do Nisicskoj vozvysennosti, a takze v reci bosnijcev, prozivajuscih v g. Kladan' i ego okrestnostjah, avtor zafiksiroval bolee 1000 primerov tipa: 'Zena pr?c? u-men? m?jki' (dosl. 'Zena rasskazyvaet u-menja materi') = moej materi 'Laz?r puc? u-seb? ?s-kuc?' (dosl. 'Lazar' streljaet iz u-sebja doma') = iz svoego doma. Dannoe javlenie v serbskih idiomah avtor ob''jasnjaet kak dialektnuju interferenciju. V rec' nositelej gercegovinsko-krajinskogo dialekta ono prislo iz mestnogo vostocno-bosnijskogo tipa dialekta vsledstvie migracij na territorii vostocnoj Bosnii. Dannoe utverzdenie avtor podkrepljaet faktom, cto u serbov ?tot nesomnennyj arhaizm naibolee casto vstrecaetsja v nas. p. Vucinici - sele, kotoroe nahoditsja blize vsego k g. Kladan', s ziteljami kotorogo ziteli sela Vucinjani i v nedavnem, i v dalekom proslom imeli ezednevnye sosedskie kontakty, a takze zivye hozjajstvennye svjazi.
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Frketich, Elise. "Wolff and Kant on the Mathematical Method." Kant-Studien 110, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2019-2011.
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Abstract Wolff advocates the mathematical method, which consists in chains of syllogisms that proceed from axioms and definitions to theorems, for achieving scientific certainty in branches of philosophy like ontology and physics. By contrast, in ‘The Discipline of Pure Reason in its Dogmatic Use’ Kant significantly limits the efficacy of this method in philosophy. In this paper I investigate an under-examined result of the Discipline: Kant’s claim that his system of philosophy does not contain “dogmata”. By identifying “dogmata” in Wolff’s system of physics, I argue that, for Kant, they are propositions that uncritically deploy ideas of reason. I conclude that the Discipline extends criticisms raised in the Transcendental Dialectic to any erroneous use of the mathematical method in philosophy.
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Hutri, Kemala, Deliana Deliana, and Khairina Nasution. "BENTUK DAN MAKNA REDUPLIKASI ADJEKTIVA DALAM BAHASA MINANGKABAU DIALEK SUNGAYANG DI KAB.TANAH DATAR." HUMANIKA 27, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/humanika.v27i2.33074.
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This study aims to describe the forms and meanings of adjectival reduplication in the Minangkabau language, the Sungayang dialect in Kab. Tanah Datar. One of the regional languages in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, the data source is from oral and written data with data techniques using the listening method and proficient method, then data analysis using the matching method and the separate method through the markup reading technique. The results showed that the form of adjective reduplication in the Minangkabau language, Sungayang dialect, was (1) whole repetition, (2) partial repetition (3) repetition with phoneme changes, and (4) affix repetition. The meaning contained in the Minangkabau language reduplication is (1) the reduplication of the Minangkabau adjective in the basic form shows the plural meaning, (2) the meaning of reduplication which states the nature of a person who states what is meant by the root word, (3) the reduplication of the adjective in the Minangkabau language which Showing someone stating facts about the inheritance of the root word, (4) reduplication of the adjective in Minangkabau which shows the plural meaning of the root in question. Besides having a grammatical meaning, the reduplication of the Minangkabau language adjective also has idiomatic, metaphorical meanings and for refining or obscuring statements.
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Sonntag, Selma K., and Jonathan Pool. "Linguistic Denial and Linguistic Self-Denial." Language Problems and Language Planning 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.11.1.05son.
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SUMARIO La negatión y la auto-negación lingüística: Las ideologías del lenguaje en Estados Unidos El norteamericano demuestra múltiples y altercantes percepciones, creencias, actitudes y marieras de razonar en cuanto a argumentas concernientes a la política del idioma. Sin embargo, las principales ideologías norteamericanas relativas al idioma son semejantes en cuanto a su negación de inigualdad lingüistica: su existencia, sus consecuencias y la posibilidad de sobrellevarla. Aquellos que luchan por los derechos de las minorías lingüísticas aceptan algunas de las suposiciones principales de sus adversarios. Estas suposiciones incluyen el desunificante impacto politico de diversidad lingüistica dentro de la población, la validez de competencia lingüistica como un indice de lealtad nacional, la neutralidad étnica del idioma inglés común, la inferioridad intrínsica de los dialectos, la suficiencia de la fuerza de voluntad para dominar el idioma principal de la sociedad, la suficiencia de este dominio para progresar económicamente, y la exclusión por derecho del idioma en las categorías protegidas por ley contra la discriminación. Estas generalizaciones surgen principalmente de debates políticos y opiniones judiciales acerca del reconocimiento oficial, en las elecciones y en las escuelas publicas, del idioma espaňol y del inglés empleado por la población negra. RESUMO Malagnoskoj pri malegaleco: La lingvaj opiniaroj en Usono Inter usonanoj oni trovas diversajn kaj konfliktajn perceptojn, kredojn, emojn kaj rezonadojn pri la lingva politiko. La cefaj usonaj lingvaj ideologioj tamen similas pro tio, ke ili neas la lingvan malegalecon. Ili neas gian ekziston, giajn konsekvencojn kaj gian venkeblecon. Batalantoj por la rajtoj de lingvaj malplimultoj akceptas iujncefajn supozojn de siaj kontraüuloj. Inter tiuj estas supozoj ke: lingva diverseco en la štatanaro kaüzas politikan malunuecon, lingvoscio valide indikas nacian lojalecon, la norma angla lingvo estas etne neütrala, dialektoj estas nature malindaj, oni povas mastri lacefan lingvon de sia socio se oni tion nur volas, tia mastreco suficas por ekonomia sukceso, oni juste ne aplikas al lingvaj grupoj la jurajn protektojn kontraú diskriminado. Tiujn generaligojn apogas cefe debatoj kaj jugistaj decidoj pri la oficialeco de la hispana kaj la nigrangla lingvoj ce la balotprocezo kaj en la publikaj lernejoj.
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Jin, Wenhua. "Variation and change in Chinese Korean: The case of vowel /y/." Language Variation and Change 24, no. 1 (March 2012): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394512000038.
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AbstractThis study investigates the current status of the vowel /y/, a phoneme that has undergone complete diphthongization to [wi] in Seoul Korean (Choo & O'Grady, 2003; Kang, 1997; Kim, 1988; Martin, 1992), in Chinese Korean. Set in the context of language and dialect contact, where Chinese language and different local/supralocal Korean norms all come into play, especially when the closed local social network no longer exists, Chinese Korean develops unique patterns of variation for underlying /y/, patterns heretofore unreported in the studies of other Korean varieties. Chinese Korean provides a case in point toward the explanation for how effects exerted by linguistic and social factors within a speech community may alter the diffusion of a change with origins outside the local network.
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Pedersen, Kim Arne. "Nekrolog over Kaj Thaning." Grundtvig-Studier 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v45i1.16140.
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Kaj Thaning 4.6. 1904 - 6.6. 1994By Kim Arne Pedersen.A few days after his ninetieth birthday, Kaj Thaning died peacefully in his home in Båring, where he had been a clergyman for a generation, and where his monumental work, the thesis .Man First.... was made ready for publication in 1963. Kaj Thaning was bom into a family with roots in influential circles of Grundtvigianism, but as a young undergraduate he came into contact with the Danish Tidehverv movement which introduced the dialectic theology in Denmark. Together with a number of other young theologians Kaj Thaning was connected with both Tidehverv and Grundtvigian circles, and the group was consequently termed .Tidehverv Grundtvigianism.. Thaning became the Grundtvig interpreter within this group, and published his interpretations in a number of books and articles, and a precis of the main thoughts in his thesis was translated into a number of foreign languages in connection with Grundtvig’s anniversary in 1972. Thaning was a vicar through the greater part of his life, but was also deeply engaged in numerous other activities: establishing a folk high school, participating in debates on topical issues, and, in co-operation with the pioneers of the Grundtvig Society, working out the register of Grundtvig’s unprinted manuscripts, a work amply demonstrating his impressive abilities as a research historian. Thaning was a member of the Grundtvig Society Committee from 1948. As early as 1949 he wrote his first major article in Grundtvig Studies, and until recent years he contributed a large number of long or short papers to the yearbook, always impressive in their profundity and perspicacity. As an interpreter of Grundtvig, Thaning has reached far beyond the academic circles to which scientific research is usually restricted. Thaning’s thesis - that the modem relevance of Grundtvig’s writings is closely bound up with his struggle with his personal mixture of the human and the Christian - has had a decisive influence on the Danish cultural and theological debate in the years after World War II, in that it matches with Denmark’s development from an agricultural to an industrial and urban society, and with the decreasing influence of the religious revival movements. Thaning’s secular-theological emphasis on the separation of the human and the Christian as the essential theme in Grundtvig’s writings legitimized this development, but at the same time Thaning’s thesis bore evidence of a profound personal struggle and of a theologically thoroughly contemplated interpretation of Grundtvig, encompassing his entire work. All the same, it seems fair today to view Thaning’s thesis in the light of the theological currents he met on his way, a theological-historical view which may be understood in continuation of the criticism of Thaning’s thesis, raised by recent Grundtvig research, seeking its arguments in incarnation theology. In recent years, this criticism has paved the way for a renewed occupation with Grundtvig’s liturgical theology, and has been able to fertilize Grundtvig’s thoughts in an international, ecumenical-theological context. Thaning, however, was unaffected by this criticism; he remained forever prepared to raise objections to his critics. Thus, from recent years, the present writer remembers Thaning’s unremitting and unyielding defence of his thesis, but also his kindness and helpfulness in connection with the present writer’s first attempts in Grundtvig research.The fact that Thaning’s position has been abandoned in modem research does not weaken the greatness of his work. Thaning’s critics, too, have been - if adversely - influenced by his thesis, whose definition of the relationship between the human and the Christian has left an indelible trace in Danish theology.
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Rahman, Tariq. "The Siraiki Movement in Pakistan." Language Problems and Language Planning 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.19.1.01rah.
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Siraiki-Bewegung in Pakistan Der Artikel beschreibt die Entstehung der nationalen Bewegung der Volksgruppe der Siraiki im südlichen pakistanischen Pandschab. Das Gebiet ist wirtschaftlich unterentwickelt, und seine politischen Fuhrer fühlen sich kulturell und wirtschaftlich benachteiligt. Seit den 60er Jahren dient ihnen die Sprache Siraiki als Symbol zur Mobilisierung der offentlichen Meinung gegen diese als ungerecht empfundene Lage. Viele von ihnen meinen, daft die Einrichtung einer selbstandigen Siraiki-Provinz ihnen Gerechtigkeit bringen könnte. Wahrend intellektuelle Siraiki die Unterschiede zwischen dem Siraiki und dem Pandschabi betonen, bezeichnen die Pandschabi sie als Dialekt ihrer Sprache und die Siraiki-Bewegung als eine Verschwörung zur Schwächung des Pandschab. Da die Pandschabi die Mehrheit der herrschenden Elite des Landes stellen, kann man die Siraiki-Bewegung als ein Beispiel für einen Machtkampf zwischen Protoelite und Elite infolge ungerechter wirtschaftlicher Entwicklung betrachten. RESUMO La sirajka movado en Pakistano La artikolo priskribas la estigon de la etna-nacia movado de la sirajkoj en la suda pakistana Panĝabio. La regiono estas ekonomie subevoluinta, kaj ĝiaj politikaj gvidantoj opinias esti kulture kaj ekonomie malavantaĝe traktataj. De la 1960-aj jaroj ili uzas la sirajkan lingvon kiel simbolon por direkti la publikan opinion kontraŭ tiu situacio sentata maljusta. Multaj el ili kredas, ke la starigo de memstara provinco Sirajkio povus forigi la maljustecon. Dum la sirajkaj intelektuloj emfazas la diferencojn inter la sirajka kaj la pangaba lingvoj, la pangaboj konsideras gin dialekto de la pangaba kaj la sirajkan movadon konspiro por malfortigo de Pangabio. Car la plejmulto de la elito de la lando estas pangaboj, oni povas konsideri la sirajkan movadon kazo de potencolukto inter protoelito kaj elito sekve de maljusta ekonomia evoluigo.
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Bosnjakovic, Zarko. "Mesto vokalskog sistema govora Batovca kod Pozarevca u severnom poddijalektu kosovsko-resavskog dijalekta." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 63 (2007): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0763149b.
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Avtor dannoj raboty prihodit k vyvodu, cto sistema glasnyh v govore Batovaca ne otlicaetsja v znacitel?noj stepeni ot situacii v sosednih govorah, a takze v nem ne vstreca?tsja osobennosti bolee vostocnyh K-R govorov, kak, naprimer reducirovannyj glasnyj posle /r'/, diftongiceskoe proiznosenie srednih glasnyh i -o ili -jo iz final'noj gruppy -io. Sistema glasnyh v govore Batovaca v sootnosenii s K-R i S-V govorami vygljadit sledujuscim obrazom: a) po otnoseniju k kolicestvu identicnyh osobennostej vo vseh (ili v preobladajuscem kolicestve) S-V, a takze vo vseh (ili pocti vseh) K-R govorah: datel'nyj i predloznyj p. ed. c. mene, tebe, sebe, pristavka prevmesto pri-, ?lizii glasnyh v sandhi d idem, n umem, v Batovace perecislennye formy vstrecajutsja s -i, a poslednie dve - bez ?lizii; b) iz osobennostej, harakternyh dlja K-R dialekta, a ne vstrecajuscihsja vo vseh (ili pocti vseh) S-V govorah: dibok, miknem, matika v Batovace vstrecaetsja dubok i motika, pricem vtoraja leksema (miknem) ne obnaruzena v dannom korpuse; v) iz K-R osobennostej, ohvatyvajuscih znacitel'nuju cast' S-V govorov, kak, naprimer, ?kavizmy u glagolov tipa sedeti, (g)de, otkrytoe proiznosenie kratkih udarnyh glasnyh /e/ i /o/, a takze eve, ete, vmesto evo eto, v govore Batovaca situacija sovpadaet tol'ko v pervom slucae, v to vremja kak otkrytost' glasnyh bolee vyrazena lis' u detej, a casticy vsegda vstrecajutsja s /o/.
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Unda, Luisa Ana, and Julie Margret. "Transformation of the Ecuadorian financial system: regulation and response." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 23, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-02-2014-0016.
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Purpose – The aim of this study is to analyse the transformation of the Ecuadorian financial system using the regulatory dialectic approach (Kane, 1977). This research examines the initial conditions and motivating factors of the reform process, as well as the interplay between government and bankers during the period 2007-2012. Design/methodology/approach – Kane’s regulatory dialectic suggests that regulation of financial institutions is a series of cyclical interactions between opposing political and economic forces. Three main stages are identified: thesis (measures and regulatory actions), antithesis (avoidance/lobby against those reforms) and synthesis (adaptive reregulation resulting from the interaction between interest groups). Findings – Since 2007, the government focused on regulating interest rates, developing a liquidity fund for banking emergencies, increasing taxation and restricting international capital flows. These government initiatives took place against a background of conflicting interests. Private bankers opposed the majority regarding them as burdensome new rules, rather than enlightened reforms. Publicly, these reforms as intended by the government were seemingly supported. Finally through the political process, they were approved. To date, these reforms have strengthened the financial system, produced encouraging social policy results and placed the financial sector to serve the government’s development strategy. Originality/value – Using Kane’s notion of regulatory dialectic, we explain the process of financial reform in Ecuador as part of a cyclical interaction between opposing forces. Drawing on this framework enabled insight into the nature of government intervention. Hence, we show how that intervention affected the growth, development and structure of the banking system.
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Németh, Michał. "Karaim literature as a source of information on the spoken language. A case study of the early 20th-century Lutsk Karaim dialect." Karaite Archives, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ka.2013.1.07.
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Redouane, Rabia. "De la dualité à la complémentarité." Language Problems and Language Planning 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.22.1.01red.
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SUMMARY From Duality to Complementarity: The Case of Bilingualism in Morocco Because of the numerous cultural contacts it has undergone, Morocco has become a territory in which a large variety of languages intersect. In fact, it has always known one form of bilingualism or another. Among the dialects currently in use are Tarifit, Tamazight and Tashelhit. Although Arabic remains the only official language, it neither rejects the acquisition of French nor threatens the presence of Tamazight. The complexity of the situation regarding the diversity of languages in contact is one of the most striking characteristics of Moroccan society and culture. This linguistic mosaic reflects an important force in society despite the diversity of thought. The contact of cultures articulated through these various languages allows Morocco to assign value to a bilingualism that is not perceived as a kind of rivalry but rather as complementing the development of modern cosmopolitan Moroccan society. RESUMO De dueco al komplementeco: La kazo de dulingvismo en Maroko Pro la multaj kulturaj kontaktoj kiujn gi spertis, Maroko farigis teritorio en kiu granda diverseco da lingvoj intertusigas. Efektive, gi ciam estis iel plurlingva, pro la ceesto de malsamaj etnolingvaj grupoj. Inter la dialektoj nun uzataj estas Tarifit, Tamazíht kaj Taselhit. Kvankam la araba restas la sola oficiala lingvo, gi nek forpelas la francan nek minacas la ceeston de Tamaziht. La komplikeco de la situacio rilate la diversecon de lingvoj en kontakto estas unu el la plej trafaj karakterizoj de la maroka socio kaj kulturo. Tiu lingva mozaiko konsistigas gravan forton en la socio spite de la multaj pensofluoj. La kontakto de kulturoj esprimita per tiuj diversaj lingvoj permesas al Maroko la atribuon de valoro al plurlingvismo, kiun oni ne perceptas kiel ian rivalecon, sed kiel komplementon al la evoluo de moderna kosmopolita maroka socio.
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Bostoen, Koen. "Osculance in Bantu reconstructions." Studies in African Linguistics 30, no. 2 (June 15, 2001): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v30i2.107356.
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In historical linguistics, variation functions as an indicator of historical evolution. The set of Proto-Bantu reconstructions contains multiple slightly divergent forms and/or meanings which supposedly have a common origin based on their strong resemblance, but which cannot be directly connected by means of established Bantu phonological shifts or known semantic shifts. The term "osculance" has been used to refer to this phenomenon. As a likely sign of non-ascertained dialectal variability and unknown historical relations at or even beyond the Proto-Bantu level, these "osculant" clusters deserve more detailed study. Prerequisite to detailed study of these clusters, however, is determination of the genuineness of the osculance. In this paper, some exploratory tracks are set out via a case study of the sample pair o-kadang-/O-kang- (to fry, to roast).
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Kardelis, Vytautas. "Mažosios baltų kalbos?" Kalbotyra 68, no. 68 (January 4, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/klbt.2016.10318.
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Viena iš išsamiai svarstytų ir, atrodytų, gerai ištirtų tradicinės baltistikos problemų yra mažųjų baltų kalbų – jotvingių, kuršių, žiemgalių, sėlių – identifikacija. Tačiau atidžiau panagrinėjus motyvus, argumentus bei empirinę medžiagą – visa tai, kuo remiamasi identifikuojant mažąsias baltų kalbas, šiame straipsnyje pateikiama tradicinės mažųjų baltų kalbų sampratos dekonstrukcija ir verifikuojamos hipotezės, mažųjų baltų kalbų klausimu pateiktos šiuose svarbiausiuose fundamentiniuose ir klasikiniuose veikaluose: Būga 1958–1961; Dini 2000; 2014; Kabelka 1982; Karaliūnas 2015; Mažiulis 1994; Salys 1995; Zinkevičius 1984; Lietuvių kalbos enciklopedija 2008. Dekonstruojant keliamas klausimas: ar tikrai lingvistinėje literatūroje vardijamas ypatybes galima laikyti identifikacinėmis, t. y. ar jomis remiantis galima skirti (atskirti, išskirti) mažąsias baltų kalbas? Išnagrinėjus šias ypatybes, jų tarpusavio santykį ir identifikacinį svorį paaiškėjo (žr. 7 pav.), kad, deja, kol kas trūksta patikimų lingvistinių duomenų ir aiškių argumentų, kad būtų galima identifikuoti ir skirti jotvingių, kuršių, žiemgalių ir sėlių kalbas. Toliau straipsnyje verifikuojamas istorinių regionų, onomastikos faktų ir lietuvių kalbos dialektų ypatybių vaidmuo identifikuojant mažąsias baltų kalbas. Atlikus verifikaciją ir mažųjų baltų kalbų sampratos dekonstrukciją paaiškėjo du paradoksalūs dalykai, susiję su mažųjų baltų kalbų skyrimu remiantis keliomis iš principo tik fonetinėmis ypatybėmis ir lietuvių baltistikoje net ir šiais laikais gana populiaria baltų kalbų archajiškumo (ar senumo) idėja. Straipsnis baigiamas tyrimo perspektyvų siūlymais, kuriuos galima nusakyti trimis žingsniais: tipofilija, tipologija, dialektometrija.
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Basile, Giovanni Pietro. "Marcus Willaschek: Kant on the Sources of Metaphysics. The Dialectic of Pure Reason. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge 2018. XII, 298 Seiten. ISBN: 978-1-108-47263-0." Kant-Studien 111, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kant-2019-4005.
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Grigore, George. "Bãq, an Inchoative Marker in Mardini Arabic." Hawliyat 10 (January 4, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/haw.v10i0.316.
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Mardini Arabic (spoken in Mardin, a vilayet in Southern Turkey) has a series of prefixes wich, combined with the extratemporal forms of the verb (imperfective and perfective), create an astonishing number of tenses and modes, compared to the classic Arabic or other dialects. There are: - ku - for present: ku-takal (you are eating now); bäq - for inchoative: bäq-takal (you began to eat); - ta - for the future: ta-takal (you will eat); - ka - (with its variants ken, ket, kal) for perfect (ex.: ka-akält - you ate) and past perfect (ex.: ken-ket-akält - you had eaten). The modalities of forming the two tenses are a lot more diverse and com- plicated and they are the subject of an extended study (Grigore, 1999) - ka + ta - for conditional: ka-ta-takal (you would eat); From all those verbal prefixes, I chose to present in this paper the results of my investigation on the development of this inchoative marker - bäq- in Mardini Arabic from the lexical item bäqa (to remain, to stay, to continue, to be;to keep on). This inquiry is based on texts in Mardini Arabic published by Otto Jastrow in 1969 (a and b) and by Hans-Jurgen Sasse in 1971, as well as on the record- ings effected by me among the small Mardini Arabian community in the last ten years in Bucharest.
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Ulubaş, Hamurcu, and Fatih Terzi. "Changing socio-spatialities in Kadiköy, Istanbul: A case study." Spatium, no. 45 (2021): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat2145009u.
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This study aims to reveal the relationship between the social structure and urban pattern in a specified urban area by means of the socio-spatial dialectic. To understand the circumstances behind this dichotomy, analyses were conducted on two intertwined subjects - social structure and morphology - as part of a case study of the historical core of the Kad?k?y district in Istanbul, Turkey. Based on the findings, some inferences, depending on the predefined social and morphological components, are made about changing socio-spatialities in the given place by means of time-spacesociety relations. The results show that each socio-cultural group brought their own culture and adapted their physical environment according to their basic needs, and that culture has a restrictive and explanatory effect on the formation of space. In addition, population growth and the adaptive capacity of society to external forces demanding change in the urban space also turn out to unavoidably affect the development scheme of the morphological character of the area.
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Jones, Mari C. "Death of a Language, Birth of an Identity." Language Problems and Language Planning 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.22.2.02jon.
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SOMMAIRE Mort d'une langue, naissance d'une identité: Le cas de la Bretagne Le Duché de Bretagne fut officiellement rattaché à la France en 1532; aujourd'hui encore, il est considéré comme une des régions françaises. Cependant, même si, du point de vue d'un étranger, la Bretagne constitue une unité géographique, la situation est quelque peu équivoque car, en y regardant de plus près, la Bretagne n'est entitaire que par le nom. Le pays se divise sur le plan linguistique en une zone de langue romane et une zone bretonnante, cette dernière se divisant sur le plan historique en quatre diocèses. Ces frontières ont déterminé la répartition linguistique de la zone en quatre dialectes principaux dont chaque groupe de locuteurs prétend ne pas comprendre les trois autres. Pour ces bretonnants traditionnels, ils n'existe pas d'identité bretonne globale. En outre, beaucoup d'entre eux hésiteraient à considérer le diocèse comme leur foyer culturel. Par tradition, c'est la commune qui représente, pour la plupart des bretonnants, le siège de leur identité: c'était le breton de sa commune que l'on parlait, les danses de sa commune que l'on dansait et la coiffe de sa commune que l'on portait. Le déclin progressif de la langue pendant la deuxième moitié de ce siècle, suite à plusieurs décennies de politique jacobine des gouvernements français successifs, a eu un effet notable sur l'identité bretonne. A mesure que sont lancées des campagnes pour la sauvegarde de la langue, surgit l'idée d'une "Breizh une et indivisible", que se rassemble autour du drapeau breton. Les champions de la Cause bretonne sont les néo-bretonnants, pour la plupart des citadins d'origine bourgeoise, et qui parlent un breton standardisé, homogène, en général appris en classe. Ces locuteurs se distinguent nettement des bretonnants traditionels mais, et là réside le paradoxe, ils semblent jouer un rôle non négligeable dans la création d'une identité bretonne. RESUMO Morto de lingvo, naskiĝo de identeco: Bretonio kaj la bretonoj La Duklando de Bretonio estis oficiale unuigita kun Francio en la jaro 1532 kaj ĝis hodiaŭ estas daŭre rigardata kiel région. Tamen, kvankam eksterlandaj turistoj eble perceptas Bretonion kiel teritorian unuon, la situacio estas iom anomalia pro tio, ke, je pli proksima rigardo, Bretonio aspektas kiel unuo nur laŭnome. La lando estas lingve dividita inter romanid-parola regiono kaj kelt-parola regiono, kaj ĉi-lasta siavice dividiĝas historié en kvar diocezojn, kiuj formas limojn fundamentajn al la lingva disdivido de la regiono en kvar ĉefajn dialektojn, kiujn multaj parolantoj trovas nekompreneblaj inter si. Laŭ la vidpunkto de la parolantoj de la dialektoj, ne ekzistas iu bretona identeco. Multaj eĉ hezitus konsideri diocezon kiel fokusopunkton de sia lojaleco. Tradicie, ŝajnas, ke la commune (komunuma distrikto) estis la identecopunkto por plej multaj bretonoj: oni parolis la komunuman version de la bretona lingvo, dancis ties dancojn kaj portis ties coiffe (ĉapon). La falo de la lingvo dum la dua duono de la nuna jarcento, rezulte de multaj jardekoj da centrigisma politiko fare de sinsekvaj francaj registaroj, havadas notindan efikon je la bretona identeco. Dum oni lanĉas kampanjon por savi la lingvon, iom post iom aperas koncepto de iu Breizh une et indivisible (Bretonio unueca kaj nedividebla) kun la bretona flago kiel kerna instigilo. La ĉefaj ĉampionoj de la Bretona Afero estas nova grupo de bretonnants (bretonianoj), precipe el mezklasaj kaj urbaj rondoj, kiuj parolas normigitan, tutbretonian version de la bretona lingvo, kiun kutime ili lernis père de la eduka sistemo. Tiuj parolantoj staras multrilate aparté de la parolantoj de la tradiciaj dialektoj; tamen, iom paradokse, ĝuste ili ludadas gravan rolon en la kreado de koncepto de bretona identeco.
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Malkova, Yana V. "The Image of a Malevolent Person Based on Language Data: Semantic and Motivational Aspects." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 462 (2021): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/462/3.
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The article aims at constructing the image of a malevolent person based on language data. Lexical and phraseological units, found in Russian dialect dictionaries and in the unpublished catalog of the Toponymic Expedition of the Ural Federal University, are the research materials. While studying the image of an unfriendly person, the author rests upon the method of ethnolinguistic portraiture that includes a semantic and motivational analysis of lexical and phraseological units belonging to the field and use of a wide cultural background. Besides, the work reconstructs and etymologically interprets a number of language facts. The article presents the material on the basis of the thematic principle. First, the author focuses on the interpretation of language facts that explicate ideas on the appearance and behavior of a hostile person. Then characteristics of the interaction of a malevolent person with the society come into the field of view. In conclusion, data that indicate the assessment of an unfriendly person by other members of society are given. As a result of the study, the author proves the existence of the specifics of the manifestation of a malevolent person’s image in traditional culture. A malevolent person is attributed with certain behavioral features. In general, according to the language data, a malevolent person is characterized with dismal or mean appearance (Vologda region ser’yoznyy “tough, malevolent”, Arkhangelsk region volchanoy “malevolent, mean, unfriendly”). A hostile person is attributed with a specific indirect type of looking (Pomor dialect kosukha “a mean, unfriendly woman”), which can witch you. A malevolent person can also express his/her displeasure verbally, by swearing, arguing, insulting others (Middle Ural dialect naperekoserdiyakh “disunitedly” ← Kurgan, Chelyabinsk, Vologda regions perekoserdie(‘e) “objection, bickering, squabble; quarrel”). The most important feature is aggression coming from this person (Perm region vreditel’nitsa “a malevolent, hostile woman”). A malevolent person can harm someone, that is why people are beware of him/her. An indication of a malevolent person’s existence among fellow residents occupies an important place in his/her language portrait. In particular, such a person does not strive to comply with the society rules (Vyatka region nesovetno “disunitedly”), to preserve relations with others (Arkhangelsk region nesusedlivyy “disunited”), and that is why s/he becomes excluded from his/her group (Karelia region nesoyuznyy “unfriendly, disunited”). Other society members evaluate such malevolence manifestation as a violation of the most important rules and therefore disapprove of it (Karelia region nesovestno “disunitedly, arguing”). The article also interprets a number of lexical and phraseological units, which have not been commented in the linguistic literature (kichkovat’, butuzit’sya, nevlagodne, kokora, zaedlivyy, karaka, chyornaya derevnya, kak Aga i Palaga, nesuyutnyy, prikayutnyy, etc.), in a semantic and motivational and etymological way.