Academic literature on the topic 'Kanak myths of New Caledonia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Kanak myths of New Caledonia"
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Ireland, Benjamin Hiramatsu. "The Japanese in New Caledonia." French Historical Studies 43, no. 4 (2020): 667–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-8552503.
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Abstract This article explores the history of the Japanese in New Caledonia at the turn of the twentieth century before considering how the French Pacific empire ordered the incarceration and deportation of nearly all Japanese subjects in New Caledonia to Australian internment camps. Retracing this neglected history through testimonies of descendants of incarcerated Japanese, as well as through archived governmental reports, this study first examines the legal identity of mixed-race Japanese Melanesians (or Nippo-Kanaks) and that of other half-Japanese métis in New Caledonia and then analyzes how French administrators policed the Japanese emigrant population. This article additionally considers the family history of a second-generation Nippo-Kanak daughter who shares a rare perspective on the New Caledonian Japanese whom the French refrained from deporting. Cet article examine l'histoire des Japonais en Nouvelle-Calédonie au début du vingtième siècle avant de considérer comment les autorités de l'Océanie française ordonnèrent l'expulsion de presque tous les sujets japonais en Nouvelle-Calédonie et leur incarcération dans les camps d'internement australiens. Retraçant cette histoire négligée à travers les témoignages des descendants ainsi que des rapports de gouvernement archivés, cet article examine d'abord l'identité légale des métis japonais-mélanésiens, appelés « Nippo-Kanak », et celle d'autres métis japonais en Nouvelle-Calédonie avant d'analyser comment l'administration française maintint l'ordre parmi la population d'émigrants japonais. Cet article s'interroge également sur l'histoire familiale d'une fille nippo-kanak de la deuxième génération qui partage une perspective rare sur les Japonais de Nouvelle-Calédonie que les Français s'abstinrent d'expulser.
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Love, Jacob, Raymond Ammann, David Becker, Isabelle Schulte-Tenckhoff, and Helena E. Reeve. "Nouvelle-Calédonie / New Caledonia[:] Danses et musiques Kanak / Kanak Dance and Music." Ethnomusicology 46, no. 1 (2002): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/852820.
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Gooch, Nicole. "FRONTLINE: Background to 'Sulphate Sunrise' - investigating New Caledonia." Pacific Journalism Review 18, no. 1 (2012): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v18i1.294.
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Reporting on Vale SA, the Brazilian-based world’s second-largest nickel producer which aims to start production soon at its US$4.5 billion Goro refinery project in New Caledonia, represents a good example of the need to dedicate time building contacts on the ground and speaking to a variety of sources. This article examines a Global Mail investigation into an environmental issue that is complex from a scientific and technological point of view, but is further complicated by the multiple social, ethical, and spiritual perspectives linked to it. The mine is deeply embedded in a specific local political, economical and social framework—that of decolonisation and questions over legitimacy of power (Horowitz 2009, p. 249; van Vuuren 2008, p. 74). In terms of sources, a French environmentalist will have a radically different perspective to the environment to that of an indigenous Kanak, for whom land is first and foremost the source of identity and dignity. Views within the Kanak community also diverge.
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Bunel, Mathieu, Samuel Gorohouna, Yannick L’Horty, Pascale Petit, and Catherine Ris. "Ethnic Discrimination in the Rental Housing Market: An Experiment in New Caledonia." International Regional Science Review 42, no. 1 (2017): 65–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017617739065.
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This study focuses on the links between ethnic discrimination, housing discrimination, and the ethnic composition of neighborhoods at a specific spatial level, that of the city quarter. Our goal is to determine whether discrimination exacerbates residential segregation. We measure discrimination and access to housing in Greater Nouméa, the capital of New Caledonia, by ethnic background, distinguishing between the people of Kanak (the indigenous people) and those of European descent. Between October 2015 and February 2016, four applicants individually responded to 342 real-estate rental ads, made a total of 1,368 responses. Two of the applicants made their Kanak origin known through their surnames, while two others similarly made their European origin known. In each pairing, an applicant signaled financial and professional stability by explicitly indicating that he was a civil servant. A particularity of the study was to analyze these data statistically by crossing it with the ethnic distribution of neighborhoods. Severe discrimination regarding access to private rental housing for Kanak applicants in all neighborhoods was found. Signaling stability strongly reduced discrimination against Kanak applicants. This discrimination is linked to the behavior of landlords and, to a lesser extent, to the actions of real-estate agencies. The difficulties accessing housing are solely due to discrimination linked to the social precariousness of Kanaks in neighborhoods where Kanaks are most represented. They are also linked to ethnic discrimination against Kanaks in neighborhoods dominated by Europeans. Housing providers thus play an active role in residential segregation.
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Sykes, Ingrid. "Disability, Leprosy, and Kanak Identity in Twentieth-Century New Caledonia." Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies 10, no. 2 (2016): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlcds.2016.15.
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Mokaddem, Hamid. "The Kanak Awakening: the rise of nationalism in New Caledonia." Journal of Pacific History 49, no. 4 (2014): 512–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2014.972654.
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Batterbury, Simon P. J., Matthias Kowasch, and Séverine Bouard. "The geopolitical ecology of New Caledonia: territorial re-ordering, mining, and Indigenous economic development." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (2020): 594–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23812.
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In the French Pacific territory of New Caledonia, conflict and difference between Indigenous Kanak people and European settlers has existed at least since the 1850s. We interrogate the geopolitical ecology of these islands, which is deeply wedded to natural resource extraction, is instrumentalized in political debate, power struggles, conflict, and the mining sector. Territoriality, including changes to political borders and access to land, has promoted the interests of the key actors in shaping the future of the islands. Violence in the 1980s was followed by the Matignon Accords (1988) and three provinces were established (North, South, Loyalty Islands). The South Province is governed by a party loyal to France, and the others are in the hands of the Indigenous Kanak independence movement seeking full decolonization and independence. The strengthened regional autonomy that emerged from the creation of provinces has permitted the Kanak-dominated ones to control certain political competencies as well as to guide economic development much more strongly than in other settler states, notably through a large nickel mining project in the North Province. Provincialization has not diminished ethnic divisions as French interests hoped, as signaled by voting in the close-run but unsuccessful 2018 referendum on independence from France. We explore the ironies of these efforts at territorial re-ordering, which are layered on significant spatial and racial disparities. Re-bordering has enabled resurgence of Kanak power in ways unanticipated by the architects of the Accords, but without a guarantee of eventual success.Key Words: New Caledonia, geopolitical ecology, politics of mining, decolonization, Kanak identity
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Ireland, Benjamin Hiramatsu. "Nippo-Kanaks in Post-War New Caledonia: Race, Law, Politics and Identity." PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 16, no. 1-2 (2019): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pjmis.v16i1-2.6438.
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This article interrogates both the legal and social identities of Japanese-Melanesians (or ‘Nippo-Kanaks’) residing in the Free French territory of New Caledonia at the beginning of the twentieth century to the years following the Second World War. The first part of the article details how, fearing an imminent Japanese attack on New Caledonia after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the French Empire began the process of deporting nearly all Japanese emigrants residing throughout New Caledonia to Australian internment camps on 8 December 1941. French officials in New Caledonia sequestered all property belonging to the Japanese émigré community, and later sold it to the French public. Nippo-Kanaks, who were children at the time of the incarceration and deportation of their Japanese fathers, maintained a problematized legal identity as Japanese nationals residing in Pacific French territory. Although the French Empire granted French citizenship to mixed race Kanaks in 1946, French authorities in New Caledonia specifically denied French citizenship to Nippo-Kanaks, who then had to petition for French naturalization. The second part of this article interrogates the social identity of Nippo-Kanaks viewed from the perspective of Jeannette Yokoyama, a second-generation Nippo-Kanak whose Japanese father was deported to Australia. Yokoyama’s father was forcibly repatriated to Japan after the Second World War, but by writing letters he maintained communication with his family in New Caledonia. The letters that Jeannette received from her father allowed her to forge personal memories of her absent father that shaped her social, mixed race identity as a Nippo-Kanak. For Yokoyama’s father, the letters served as a means to enculturate Jeannette as a Japanese daughter from afar. Jeannette’s memories of her beloved father, coupled with the embrace of her Japanese heritage, represent a symbolic resistance to French administrators’ efforts to erase the presence of the Japanese community in New Caledonia.
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M'Balla-Ndi, Marie. "Division in the land of ‘the unspoken’: Examining journalistic practice in contemporary New Caledonia." MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 33, no. 62 (2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v33i62.24431.
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While the Kanaks’ (local indigenous population of New Caledonia) pro-independence protests against the French settlers and, more broadly, the French Republic, have been extensively documented in the global media and academic literature, another protest - more subtle and diffused, but deeply embedded - is taking place in New Caledonia.New Caledonia is a South Pacific archipelago colonised by the French in 1853 and set to decide whether to remain in the French Republic or become independent in a referendum between 2014 and 2019.This paper suggests that there is a polarisation in the New Caledonian media sphere, which deeply affects journalistic practices with tendencies to resist Western impositions, standards and dominance (for Kanak journalists and their leaders), while metropolitan journalists (who have settled in New Caledonia from France) tend to often reject customs or indigenous rules shaping general and media communication within local communities. Both tendencies also have a significant impact on which material the journalists will be able to collect for their news organisations, as well as an impact on the relationships these journalists will maintain (or not) with local communities and personalities.This paper examines some aspects of Pacific knowledge (including traditions, values, beliefs and protocols) and explores the nuances of a complex socio-political ‘liquid modern’ context in order to present examples of how developments inherent from tradition, colonisation and decolonisation aspirations, affect the work of local journalists (both metropolitan journalists, and Kanak journalists). Drawing on data collected during periods of archival research, participant observation and interviews conducted at both the metropolitan daily newspaper, Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes, and the pro-independence radio station, Radio Djiido, this paper demonstrates how local journalists problematically navigate, and often contest, diverse socio-cultural values, practices and principles inherent from different times and places/spaces creating a deep division in the New Caledonian media sphere. It is suggested in this paper that Kanak values are often strongly contested by many metropolitan journalists, who often refuse to give any consideration to cultural factors, while, on the other hand, Kanak journalists will often tend to reject some of the principles of Western (or modern) journalism, adjusting these values and/or standards for specific or strategic reasons, such as preserving ‘la coutume'. This paper will also argue that deploying an approach that engages with the concept of liquid modernity, takes into account re-emerging oceanic epistemologies, and that provides a thicker explanation of observed media practices, proves useful for studying journalism in New Caledonia, where culture appears to deeply affect journalism practice on a daily basis.
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Duffield, Lee. "The New Caledonia independence referendum: What happens now?" Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 25, no. 1&2 (2019): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v25i1.471.
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This article gives an interpretative treatment of the historical record, from France taking possession of New Caledonia in 1853, through to the current Matîgnon process, assessing indications for coming developments. Focused on the debate over independence, it considers: interests of the French state as both arbitrator and participant in events; relations among the indigenous Melanesian Kanaks, European French Caldoches, and smaller ethnic communities; memories of colonial exploitation obstructing progress; the large nickel industry; immigration, and associated minority status of Kanak society—a central problem. It describes the alternation of left and right-wing parties in government in France, with Socialist Party governments commencing moves towards independence, possibly in association with France, and conservative governments moving to countermand those moves. It posits that the parties in New Caledonia have improved their chances of finding a positive outcome through jointly participating in government during 30 years of peace.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kanak myths of New Caledonia"
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Colombani, Hélène. "L'imaginaire dans le mythe canaque : analyse des images, symboles et archétypes dans les mythes canaques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL015.
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Tandis que le progrès scientifique offre des perspectives insoupçonnables, les contraintes de l'industrialisation, de l'urbanisation et des technologies modernes, ne cessent de faire reculer le domaine de l'immatériel et du spirituel. Longtemps épargnée, l'Océanie reste encore un espace privilégié où l'imprégnation des traditions ancestrales et de la nature est restée vivace et signifiante. « L'Imaginaire dans les mythes canaques » constitue le sujet de notre recherche, l'ouverture d'un champ exploratoire inédit qui nous conduit à la révélation du « réel caché » fonde cette démarche. L'apport des études et recherches des premiers missionnaires, linguistes et ethnologues a fourni un ensemble de données et de mythes qui décrivent et interprètent l'organisation de la société canaque, ses moeurs et ses traditions. Les investigations de l'ethnologie traditionnelle sont restées distantes des théories et découvertes de l'Imaginaire dont Freud, Bachelard et Jung furent les précurseurs. Nous convoquerons les méthodes d'analyse et d'investigation de l'inconscient collectif et de la psychologie des profondeurs, pour les adapter au domaine de la mythologie canaque. La réalisation d'un corpus de mythes collectés aux débuts de la colonisation explicite la composition structurelle de chaque récit, élabore leur fiche d'identification génétique, et imagine une méthode nouvelle d'exploration de l'univers des mythes. La mise en œuvre de la mythocritique de Gilbert Durand, adaptée et complétée par la mythanalyse, réalise une mythodologie exploratoire de l'Imaginaire du « sermo mythicus ». Constellations d'images, symboles et archétypes décryptés dans ces anciens récits mythiques, en révèlent la sémantique profonde, ainsi que des archétypes qui rejoignent l'universel. Notre propos est de mettre en évidence la pertinence des théories précédentes qui ont révolutionné des domaines tels que la psychologie, la philosophie et jusqu'à la littérature, ouvrant de nouveaux horizons à l'interprétation de ces traditions orales majeures, qui sont parmi les plus anciennes d'Océanie, et confirmant par là-même la richesse de leur symbolique et de leur apport à la connaissance d'Anthropos que Leenhard avait annoncée<br>While scientific progress offers unimaginable opportunities, constraints of industrialization, urbanization and modern technology never cease to reverse the field of the intangible and spiritual. Long spared Oceania remains a privileged space where the impregnation of traditions and nature remained alive and meaningful. “Imagination in Kanak myths” is the subject of our research, the opening of a novel exploratory field which leads to the revelation of the “Real hidden” bases this approach. The contribution of the study and research of the first missionaries, linguists and anthropologists has provided a set of data and myths that describe and interpret the organization of the Kanak society, its customs and traditions. Investigations of ethnology remained away from traditional theories and discoveries of the Imaginary Freud, Jung and Bachelard were precursors. We will call the methods of analysis and investigation of the collective unconscious and depth psychology, to fit the field of mythology Kanak. The implementation of a corpus of myths collected at the beginning of colonization, explains the structural composition of each story, which develops their “genetic identification card”, and imagine a new method of exploring the world of myths. Implementation of “mythocritic” Gilbert Durand adapted and supplemented by mythanalysis, performs an exploratory mythodologie of the imaginary of " sermo mythicus". Constellations of images, symbols and archetypes decrypted in these ancient myths, then reveal the deep semantic as well as joining the universal archetypes. Our aim is to highlight the relevance of previous theories that have revolutionized such fields as psychology, philosophy, and literature up and opening new horizons for the interpretation of oral traditions which are major among the most old Oceania, and to confirm their rich symbolism and their contribution to the knowledge of Anthropos that Leenhard had emphasized
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Small, D. "The Politics of Colonial Education in New Caledonia." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Education, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/815.
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This thesis is an examination of the particular role that education has played in the development of colonialism in New Caledonia. The focus is on the role of education in the developing relationship between the colonised people and the colonial power. It will be shown that France's education policies closely paralleled its political objectives in New Caledonia. Similarly, the changing Kanak attitude towards education can be seen to reflect changes in their political aspirations and developments in their anti-colonial struggle.
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Kouneski, Elena G. "Mitochondrial DNA origins and affinities of the Kanak of New Caledonia." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Horowitz, Leah Sophie. "Stranger in one's own home : a micropolitical ecological analysis of the engagements of Kanak villagers with a multinational mining project in New Caledonia /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20031015.150235/index.html.
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Horowitz, Leah Sophie, and LeahH@ihug com au. "Stranger in One's Own Home : a micropolitical ecological analysis of the engagements of Kanak villagers with a multinational mining project in New Caledonia." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031015.150235.
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This thesis takes an actor-oriented approach to a micropolitical analysis of the engagements of Kanak villagers in the Voh-Koné area, New Caledonia, with the Koniambo Project, a proposed joint nickel mining venture involving a multinational (Falconbridge) and a local mining company (SMSP). In the introductory chapter, I outline my theoretical framework, which expands political ecology by applying insights from micropolitical theory to a focus on intracommunity disputes surrounding natural resource exploitation projects. I argue that such a close examination is necessary if we are to understand local tensions and factions and their multiple influences on the outcomes of development projects. ¶
The Koniambo Project promises to redress some of the economic imbalances prevalent in the archipelago by benefiting the largely Kanak, and historically underprivileged, Northern Province. Thus, this mining project has great politico-economic significance, both for pro-independence leaders as well as for those who wish to maintain New Caledonia as a part of France. However, while people expected benefits for the Kanak people as a whole, the project sparked intracommunity conflicts at the local level. I argue that villagers claims to the right to authorize mining activities as well as their desires to receive recognition from the mining company reflected their eagerness to prove a high social position. Meanwhile, in line with the traditionally competitive political climate within Kanak communities, there were many debates about who exactly the landowners were. Indeed, the projects potential to disrupt or reinforce control over land which, unlike material goods, was a socially acceptable object of overt rivalry created unexpected socio-political stakes. These differential micropolitical possibilities shaped peoples discourses about the projects other impacts. For instance, those who expected to be able to access employment opportunities as well as social recognition from the mining project were more inclined not to worry about the projects consequences for natural/cultural resources. Similarly, Voh-Koné area villagers statements and actions regarding dangers from spirits or forbidden places were strongly influenced by their expectations of the projects ability to strengthen or weaken their social status, as determined by their genealogies and proven through demonstrations of their relationships to their ancestors. ¶
In the final chapter, I provide a summary of my conclusions about the micropolitics behind local community members engagements with the Koniambo Project. Next I explain how, while this case itself is unique due to the projects unusual politico-economic significance, the theoretical framework and methodology outlined in this thesis can help to create balanced, nuanced analyses of intracommunity diversity and micropolitical conflicts that objectively yet sympathetically portray local people as real human beings. Finally, I suggest new directions for further research on the interactions of mining companies and local communities.
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Faurie, Mathias. "Ouvéa : le sanctuaire kanak. Dynamiques patrimoniales et recompositions territoriales en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040116.
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Ouvéa, qu’on appelle « l’île la plus proche du paradis », est un petit atoll de l’archipel des îles Loyauté situé à l’est de la Grande Terre. L’ensemble constitue la collectivité territoriale d’Outre-mer de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Son lagon et ses plages de rêve, une formidable et intacte biodiversité, une société kanak ancrée dans la tradition et un passé de sacrifices pour la cause indépendantiste, font d’Ouvéa un véritable sanctuaire. Ses patrimoines naturels et culturels, préservés des grands bouleversements de notre époque, sont chargés d’une forte valeur symbolique à l’échelle de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.Après avoir été érigé comme un fondement incontournable de la revendication identitaire et de la lutte indépendantiste kanak dans les années 1970-1980 le patrimoine devient aujourd’hui un véritable pilier du projet de société calédonien et tente de réunir l’ensemble des communautés tout en servant le développement économique. La patrimonialisation est perçue comme un cercle vertueux, à la fois condition et résultat du développement durable et semble orienter l’ensemble des politiques du territoire, du moins dans le discours : la période actuelle semble être celle du « tout-patrimoine ». Cette thèse de géographie propose une analyse de la patrimonialisation à Ouvéa en caractérisant les impacts de cette dynamique au sein du territoire et en identifiant ses limites.Après avoir analysé le rôle du patrimoine dans la structuration de la société calédonienne au cours de l’histoire, la démonstration s’appuie sur des études de cas concrètes et actuelles sur le terrain : la patrimonialisation de la nature avec l’inscription des lagons d’Ouvéa à l’Unesco, celle de l’agriculture avec les tentatives de valoriser les terroirs et celle de l’histoire avec la mise en cinéma de la mémoire calédonienne.Du local au global, au cœur des recompositions territoriales, le « tout-patrimoine » apparaît dans ce travail comme une des opportunités et un des aveuglements qui caractérisent notre époque<br>Uvea, “the nearest island to heaven”, is a small atoll of the Loyalty Islands archipelago situated at the east of the Mainland of New Caledonia, forming with it a French overseas territory. Its lagoon and its magnificent beaches, an impressive and healthy biodiversity, a Kanak society deeply anchored in tradition and a past of sacrifices made in the fight for independence, make Uvea a real sanctuary of natural and cultural heritage left untouched by the great transformations of our times and endowed with a strong symbolic value for the whole of New Caledonia.Having been established as a solid foundation of the identity claims and the fight for Kanak independence in the years 1970 to 1980, the concept of heritage has now become a major pillar of the project of creating a Caledonian society, uniting all communities and advancing at the same time the economic development. The patrimonialisation is perceived as a virtuous circle, precondition and result of a sustainable development at the same time and seems to guide all the policies of New Caledonia, at least in the dominant discourse: what characterizes the current period is the idea of an “all embracing heritage”.This dissertation in geography develops an analysis of the patrimonialisation on the island of Uvea by characterizing the impact of this dynamic process within the whole of New Caledonia and by identifying its limits. After having analyzed the role of ‘heritage’ in the structural development of Caledonian society in the course of its history, I will present concrete and current case studies carried out in the field: the patrimonialisation of nature through the inscription of the Uvean lagoon in the World Heritage List of Unesco, the patrimonialisation of agriculture through the attempt to promote its specific characteristics, and of history through the recording of Caledonian memory in the form of movies. From the local to the global level, in the framework of a territorial restructuring, the concept of an all-embracing heritage seems to be at the same time one of the opportunities and one of the blind spots which characterize our times
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Nayral, Mélissa. "Le chantier du politique : Étude anthropologique de la vie politique à Ouvéa (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3107.
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À partir d’un travail d’enquête anthropologique mené à un niveau microsocial, cette thèse étudie la vie politique de l’île d’Ouvéa (Nouvelle-Calédonie) que l’on peut comparer à un chantier permanent. S’appuyant sur quatre études de cas relatant des crises, des polémiques ou des controverses, ce travail conduit une réflexion générale sur la conception de la vie politique locale et sur les rapports d’influence et de pouvoir qu’elle peut générer. L’analyse s’articule autour de trois focales. L’affaire de la grotte d’Ouvéa, qui constitue la première, montre en quoi les événements historiques et leurs enjeux mémoriels sont des fondements de la vie politique contemporaine. La seconde focale traite de la « coutume » comme discours normé, système de relations et ordre politique. Son analyse met en exergue le fait que la « coutume » n’organise pas autant la vie quotidienne de manière traditionnelle qu’elle est régulièrement mobilisée pour servir des ambitions personnelles. La troisième focale s’intéresse à l’articulation de la « coutume » et de l’institution républicaine locale de la commune à l’époque de la « loi sur la parité ». La description du conseil municipal permet ainsi de nourrir une réflexion sur les rapports sociaux de sexe en pays kanak. L’objectif de ce travail est de démontrer que la vie politique d’Ouvéa constitue un « (mi)lieu » paradoxal caractérisé par des activités de construction, de démolition et de réparation. Constituant un milieu à la fois agité et figé, contrôlé et désordonné, tourné vers le passé et ouvert à l’avenir, la vie politique d’Ouvéa, tout comme les éléments qui la composent, est un objet à la fois mouvant et dynamique<br>Based on a microsocial ethnography, this thesis focuses on the political life of Ouvéa Island (New Caledonia) which can be considered as a constant ongoing building process.Using four case studies describing crisis, polemics or controversies, this thesis offers more general thoughts on the organization on how this political life is locally conceived and on the relationships of influence and of power it can generates.The analysis evolves around three major problematics. The « affaire de la grotte d’Ouvéa », which is the first one, demonstrates how historical events and their memory stakes are the foundation of the contemporary political life. The second one, questions « custom » as a standardized discourse, a relationship system and a political order. Its analyses shows that « custom » is not only organizing the daily life on a traditional way, but that it can also be used in order to serve more personal ambitions. The third problematic explores how both « custom » and « republican institutions » do articulate with eachother at the time of the implementation of the « french parity law ». The description of the « conseil municipal » (local Council) therefore provides us with general thoughts on gender relationships in Kanak society. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the political life of Ouvéa is a paradoxal environment characterised by building as well as demolition and fixing activities. Being at the same time an agitated and motionless place, considering its past when looking forward to the future at the same time, the political life of Ouvéa, just like the elements which compose it, is both a changing and a dynamic object
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Madinier, Anne-Lise. "L’Etat-nation face à la revendication autochtone : Essai sur les institutions juridiques kanakes en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0005.
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Depuis l’Accord de Nouméa de 1998 et la reconnaissance de l’identité kanake, le registre international des droits des peuples autochtones est apparu en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Si depuis l’Accord de Matignon de 1989, la réflexion de la doctrine se concentre sur la souveraineté de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la question autochtone est désormais un nouvel aspect de la décolonisation kanake. Elle n’est pas directement revendiquée pour l’indépendance, mais pour obtenir des droits de peuple autochtone. Ce point de vue s’émancipe de la doctrine moniste classique de l’État nation, en considérant que d’autres entités puissent prétendre à l’autodétermination par la reconnaissance d’un système juridique propre. Une relecture de la Constitution de 1958 ainsi que l’analyse des pratiques administratives et juridictionnelles démontrent la capacité du droit français à prendre en considération les aspirations et les particularités de la société kanake. Au delà de l’Accord de Nouméa, une réflexion doctrinale alternative est donc proposée à partir du comparatisme avec le droit canadien<br>Since the 1998 Noumea Accord and the recognition of the Kanak identity, the International Register of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has appeared in New Caledonia. Since the Matignon Agreement of 1989, the doctrine has focused on the sovereignty of New Caledonia, the indigenous issue is now a new aspect of Kanak decolonization. It is not directly claimed for independence, but for the rights of indigenous peoples. This point of view emancipates itself from the classical monist doctrine of the nation state, considering that other entities can claim self-determination by recognizing a proper legal system. A review of the 1958 Constitution and the analysis of administrative and judicial practices demonstrate the ability of French law to take into account the aspirations and particularities of the Kanake society. Beyond the Noumea Accord, an alternative reflection is proposed based on comparatism with Canadian law
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Dotte, Anne-Laure. "Le iaai aujourd'hui : Évolutions sociolinguistiques et linguistiques d'une langue kanak de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Ouvéa, Iles Loyauté)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20107/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat a pour objectif de décrire la situation actuelle de la langue iaai (langue océanienne, famille austronésienne) et de proposer une analyse de ses dynamismes d’évolution. En tant que langue kanak minoritaire de Nouvelle-Calédonie, inscrite dans un contexte de contact de langues intense avec le français, le iaai connait des changements importants tant linguistiques que sociolinguistiques. Cette thèse adopte un angle d’approche à la fois double et complémentaire. D’une part, il est question de proposer une évaluation de la vitalité sociolinguistique du iaai aujourd’hui en croisant différents facteurs relevant du contexte social et ethnolinguistique dont la variété des profils de locuteurs typiques des langues en danger. D’autre part, l’analyse porte sur les évolutions au sein même du fonctionnement du iaai en abordant trois thèmes particulièrement intéressants de cette langue : (i) les changements dans le système des classificateurs possessifs ; (ii) les stratégies de néologie et de modernisation du lexique ; (iii) le cas particulier des emprunts de verbes. L’étude de ces changements s’appuie les travaux de description du iaai de la linguiste Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre (1976, 1984) auxquels sont comparés des données modernes collectées lors de trois enquêtes de terrain menées à Ouvéa depuis 2009, ainsi que grâce à une collaboration soutenue avec une informatrice, locutrice native, à Lyon. Au final, ce travail de recherche met en exergue l’entrelacement de différentes dynamiques entre modernisation, obsolescence et résilience linguistique en iaai<br>This PhD thesis describes the current situation of Iaai (an Oceanic language from the Austronesian family) and provides an analysis of its dynamics. As a minority Kanak language of New Caledonia, engaged in a process of intense contact with French, Iaai is experiencing significant changes both on a linguistic and sociolinguistic aspect. This thesis adopts an approach that is both dual and complementary. On the one hand, it offers an evaluation of modern Iaai’s sociolinguistic vitality, crossing different factors from the social and ethno-linguistic context together with the high variety of speakers, typical of endangered languages. On the other hand, the analysis focuses on language change by addressing three particularly interesting themes in Iaai: (i) evolution in the system of possessive classifiers; (ii) strategies of neology and of modernization of the lexicon; (iii) the particular case of verbal borrowings. The study of these changes is based on the linguistic description of Iaai made by Françoise Ozanne-Rivierre (1976, 1984) which is compared with modern data collected during three fieldworks conducted in Ouvea since 2009, as well as through sustained collaboration with a native speaker informant in Lyon. Finally, this research highlights the intertwining of different dynamics in Iaai between modernization, obsolescence and linguistic resilience
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Nicolas, Hélène. "La fabrique des époux : Approche anthropologique et historique du mariage, de la conjugalité et du genre (Lifou, Nouvelle Calédonie)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3138/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objet de recherche le mariage et la conjugalité à Lifou, île de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, de 1842, date du début de l’évangélisation, jusqu’à nos jours. Au travers de l’étude de la socialisation au mariage, des rituels matrimoniaux et de leurs transformations, elle cherche à apporter une contribution à la connaissance du système de genre de ce pays kanak. La vie cérémonielle lifoue est actuellement rythmée par d’opulents rituels matrimoniaux. Le système des classes d’âge fait du mariage un passage obligé sans lequel un individu ne peut devenir « adulte » (nyipi atr) ; passage lors duquel le droit d’user des capacités productives et génésiques de l’épouse est transféré au mari. Lors des échanges cérémoniels de mariage, véritable « guerre des dons », l’ensemble des relations qui constituent le réseau des deux parentés en présence est réactivé. Honorer les membres de son réseau de parenté et d’alliance implique de se soumettre au mariage et à la relation de conjugalité. L’institution matrimoniale a été considérablement transformée sous l’action des missionnaires chrétiens, lesquels ont cherché à remplacer le modèle local de la séparation et de l’antagonisme des sexes par un système de genre basé sur le couple conjugal, dans lequel « l’homme est la tête et la femme le corps ». Sous le régime de l’indigénat, les lois coloniales ont renforcé le pouvoir de l’époux sur l’épouse et réduit considérablement la liberté d’action de celle-ci. Ce n’est qu’en 1946 (fin du régime de l’indigénat), et lors des revendications indépendantistes des années 1980, que les femmes de Lifou ont acquis de nouvelles marges de manœuvre et pu ainsi contester l’exercice unilatéral du pouvoir du mari<br>The research subject of this thesis is marriage and conjugality on Lifou, an island of New Caledonia, from 1842, the beginning of evangelization, up until the present day. By studying socialization for marriage, matrimonial rituels and their transformations, it seeks to make a contribution to knowledge of the gender system of this Kanak region. Ceremonial life on Lifou today is governed by opulent marriage rituals. The age group system makes marriage an obligatory passage without which an individual cannot become an "adult" (nyipi atr). Once married, the productive and reproductive capacities of the wife belong to her husband. During ceremonial marriage exchanges, a veritable "war of gifts", the totality of the relatives who constitute the network of the two kinship groups present is reactivated. Honouring the members of ones kinship and alliance networks involves accepting marriage or a conjugal relationship. Marriage and conjugality were transformed by the action of the Christian missionaries who sought to replace the local model of separation and antagonism between the sexes by a gender system based on the conjugal couple, in which "the man is the head and the woman the body". Under the system of Native Regulations (régime de l’indigénat), colonial laws strengthened a husband's rights over his wife and considerably reduced the latter's freedom of action. It was only in 1946 (the end of the system of Native Regulations), and during the independence protests in the 1980s, that the women of Lifou gained new room for manoeuvre and could thus oppose a husband's unilateral exercise of power
Books on the topic "Kanak myths of New Caledonia"
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Renzo Piano: Centre Kanak = Kulturzentrum der Kanak = Cultural center of the Kanak people. Birkhäuser, 2001.
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Il filo e l'aquilone: I confini della differenza in una società kanak della Nuova Caledonia : saggio. Le nuove muse, 2007.
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Ammann, Raymond. Kanak dance and music: Ceremonial and intimate performance of the Melanesians of New Caledonia, historical and actual. A.D.C.K., 1997.
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Chesneaux, Jean. Kanak political culture and French political practice: Some background refletions of the New Caledonian crisis. Research School of Pacific studies, Australian National University, Peace Research Centre, 1987.
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University of Hawaii at Manoa. Center for Pacific Islands Studies. and Pacific Islands Development Program (East-West Center), eds. Jean-Marie Tjibaou, Kanak witness to the world: An intellectual biography. Center for Pacific Islands Studies, School of Pacific and Asian Studies, University of Hawaiʻi, Manoa, 2009.
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Kanak Awakening: The Rise of Nationalism in New Caledonia. University of Hawaii Press, 2013.
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A, Chappell David. Kanak Awakening: The Rise of Nationalism in New Caledonia. University of Hawaii Press, 2013.
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Waddell, Eric. Jean-Marie Tjibaou, Kanak Witness to the World: An Intellectual Biography. University of Hawaii Press, 2008.
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New Caledonia: Half-way to independence? : Qanono, Lifou, 9-14 May 1994 : ecumenical seminar on Matignon accords and the Kanak people's future. World Council of Churches, 1994.
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Sand, Christophe. Archaeology of a Piece of Gondwanaland. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.014.
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New Caledonia is the southern-most archipelago of Melanesia. Its unique geological diversity, as part of the old Gondwana plate, has led to specific pedological and floral environments that have, since first human settlement, influenced the ways Pacific Islanders have occupied and used the landscape. This essay presents some of the key periods of the nearly 3,000 years of pre-colonial human settlement. After having presented a short history of archaeological research in New Caledonia, the essay focuses first on the Lapita foundation, which raises questions of long-term contacts and cultural change. The second part details the unique specificities developed during the “Traditional Kanak Cultural Complex,” during the millennium predating first European contact, as well as highlighting the massive changes brought by the introduction of new diseases, in the decades before the colonial settlement era. This leads to questions about archaeological history and the role of archaeology in the present decolonizing context.
Book chapters on the topic "Kanak myths of New Caledonia"
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Chappell, David. "Kanaky New Caledonia?" In The Kanak Awakening. University of Hawai'i Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824838188.003.0008.
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"7. Kanaky New Caledonia?" In The Kanak Awakening. University of Hawaii Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824838201-012.
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Griffiths, Ryan D. "New Caledonia." In Secession and the Sovereignty Game. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754746.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on New Caledonia, an example of a decolonial movement. It tracks the development of the movement since the 1960s and follows the different tactics it used at different points in time. The chapter also elaborates the tactics of compellence of New Caledonia, which involved nonviolent civil resistance, the use of violence, and electoral capture. It details how French democracy gradually enfranchised the indigenous group, the Kanaks, and gave them political voice. The chapter presents the independence effort in New Caledonia led by the Kanaks and other ethnic groups including immigrants from France, elements of the white settler community, and Wallisians. It then introduces a new period of cultural movement known as the Kanak Awakening, and its greatest leader, Jean-Marie Tjibaou from the east coast of Grand Terre. Ultimately, the chapter argues that Caledonia differs most from the other movements in this study, for, unlike them, it is classified as a non-self-governing territory and therefore eligible for independence via the path of decolonization.
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Beboko-Beccalossi, Marie-Claire. "Kanak Women on the Move in Contemporary New Caledonia." In Tides of Innovation in Oceania. ANU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22459/tio.04.2017.05.
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"3 C’était la logique du système: Negotiating the Catholic Church in New Caledonia." In Jean-Marie Tjibaou, Kanak Witness to the World. University of Hawaii Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824863173-008.
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"7 New Caledonia or Kanaky: The Inexorable Drift from Political Negotiation to Violent Confrontation." In Jean-Marie Tjibaou, Kanak Witness to the World. University of Hawaii Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824863173-012.
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Cornier, Samuel, and Isabelle Leblic. "Kanak coastal communities and fisheries meeting new governance challenges and marine issues in New Caledonia." In Fisheries in the Pacific. pacific-credo Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pacific.434.
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"4. Why Are Kanak Women More Vulnerable than Others to HIV? Ethnographic and Statistical Insights from New Caledonia." In Making Sense of AIDS. University of Hawaii Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780824863470-008.
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Higginson, Pim. "Ouvéa." In Postcolonial Realms of Memory. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620665.003.0022.
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Between 22<sup>nd</sup> of April and the 5<sup>th</sup> of May 1988, the now infamous ‘Grotte d’Ouvéa’, event took place. Ouvéa is one of the ‘Loyalty’ islands off the French colony of New Caledonia. Militants fighting for independence took local police hostage and took refuge in a cave. The incident ended with 19 anti-colonial indigenous (or Kanak) fighters and two hostages dead at the hands of French military and paramilitary forces. A year later, Djubelly Wéa gunned down the great Kanak political leader, Jean-Marie Tjibaou (1936-1989) and his aide Yeiwéné Yeiwéné during a ceremony on Ouvéa marking the end to the period of mourning for those killed in the raid. Wéa felt that Djibaou had sold out his people in signing the Matignon accords, a compromise between the forces of the white land-holders and the native people that hoped to end the mounting bloodshed. Djibaou’s death would close a significant chapter in the most recent struggle for independence from French imperialism by an indigenous people. It would also seal the destiny of Ouvéa, and particularly the caves, as a distinct and powerful postcolonial ‘realm of memory.’