Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kanak (peuple de Nouvelle-Calédonie) – Histoire'
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Salaün, Marie. "Les kanaks et l'école : socio-histoire de la scolarisation des Mélanésiens de Nouvelle-Calédonie (1853-1998)." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0010.
Full textNaepels, Michel. "Conflits fonciers et rapports sociaux dans la région de Houailou (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0067.
Full textThe aim of my work is to account for the present social situation within the houailou area (new caledonia) through one of its characteristic features, the land conflicts. The description of these conflicts presupposes an account of their sociological and historical backgrounds, thus they form a very productive tool in the study of the present social and political relations within this area. It was essential to present the constitution of the question of land in new caledonia before describing chronologically the social change resulting from the french arrival. Concurrently, i tried to describe the social logics and dynamics which make the land a place where both prestige and identity are at stake. Then i scrutinized the concrete forms of the land conflicts which reveal the confrontation of local influences and principles of legitimatization. Moreover, i tried to couple this empirical description with a reflection about the statute of the ethnographic inquiry and about the production of proofs in social anthropology
Jaumouillié, Anne-Laure. "Entre sagaïes et médailles : processus colonial de reconnaissance des chefs kanak en Nouvelle-Calédonie, 1878-1946." La Rochelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LAROF017.
Full textAs soon as New Caledonia got taken into possession, the colonial administration used the natives considered as chiefs to establish the French supervision. By using honorary distinctions, it settled a wide policy of recognition of the chiefs. Some of them seemed to have had dealed with the administrative employees, others rebelled or did both. Instead of considering those situations as loyalty, rejection or “double jeu”, this PhD consists in analysing them in a more global context by considering the Kanak chiefs in their own system of relationships. Inwa, relationship with the colons and colonial administrators are the framework. This work aims to deconstruct the idea of chiefs were either loyal or rebel and to show the complexity of the system in which every single actor of the colonisation participates. The itineraries of 36 leaders are analysed between 1878 – date of the first native rebellion – and 1917 – date of the last movement of the uprising. The leaders get little by little the methods of speech that will allow them to free themselves from the colonial pressures. The descendants of the chiefs are therefore also taken into account until the end of the “Code de l’Indigénat” in 1946. That in order to measure the strength of the transmission of the political speech they faced
Pantz, Pierre Christophe. "Géopolitique des territoires kanak : décolonisation et reconquête plurielle des territoires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010685.
Full textFor almost 70 years, the Kanak people have moved from the world of the invisible to the world of the visible. Invisible, for until 1946, the Kanaks - aboriginal people of New Caledonia - were parked into reservations, kept away from the Western mind. Dealing with a people that were fundamentaly linked to their originary land, the colonial administration had made a choice of imposing itself through land management. In answer to this spatial soumission, the end of the « indigénat » status in 1946 revealed a people’s ambition to recover their territorial identity. In order to reach it, the Kanak people will have to take new paths. This research work proposes an analysis of the different types of reconfiguration concerning the Kanak territories (electoral, customary, economics and urban) and put in perspective the interrelationships that animate these transformations. Are these land reconfigurations, in the broadest sense of the term, participating to a more general phenomenon of reconquest of the New Caledonian space ? If today, the main role of the Kanak territories into the post-colonial Caledonian society has undoubtedly been established by the Matignon Accords (1988) and the Noumea Accords (1998), this thesis is more broadly giving thought to the territorial dimension inside the decolonisation process
Boulay, Roger. "La Grande case kanak de Nouvelle-Calédonie : les rapports entre architecture et sculpture en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010659.
Full textGauthier, Jacques. "Education et développement : les écoles populaires Kanak." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA08A004.
Full textBorn in 1985, the kanak popular schools were an "analyser" of the contradictions of the independentist movement in newcaledonia. They offered a new status to country people, to women and to children, which engendered much resistance. Pupils constitute the moving force of a development which is generated in their environment to give energy to this environment. The pedagogy used has something to do with the pedagogy of the the oppressed. In order to undestand what is, consciously or unconsciously, at stake in the kanak popular schools, the autor placing himself in a position of intercultural interview, analyses the process of genesis of the concepts, invents a method of speech analysis about official reports of the kanak popular schools inspired by the theory of catastrophes, and analyses his own institutional implication, including through poetic writing
Grochain, Sonia. "Les Kanak et le travail en Province Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0297.
Full textThis thesis studying the employment situation in the northern Province of New Caledonia, where are living most of Kanak, indigenous people of this island, who are also struggle for independance. It's to show that the consequences of the struggle for independance are important to understand and explain the employment situation actually. Generally, it's the actions of autochthon people to take care of their economical and political destiny, during colonization and decolonization period, who are studying in this thesis. Different analysis are to show how the employment question is less a category of economic anthropology than politic anthropology by the case that this question had often find solution after political conflicts, the violent conflict between 1984 and 1988 is one the most example. It's, to resume, the employment and conflict rapport who are studying in this thesis, by the theory of Georges Balandier developing the idea that we can't understand the social without studying the conflicts in the society
Barnèche, Sophie. "L' identité linguistique et culturelle des jeunes de Nouméa : une étude des pratiques langagières dans la cité de Riverstar (Rivière-Salée)." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL489.
Full textNouméa, a fench city in the middle of Oceania, gives a singular exemple of plurilinguism and cultural contact. Many languages coexist, in the same time that they compete with french, the single official language ant the unique teaching medium. Our study intends to take stock of the situation of transmission and use of vernacular languages in urban context and to analyse their users' sociolinguistics representations about these languages and french language, representations which are, according to us, in the center of their linguistics choices. Then we propose an analysis of young Oceanians of Noumea's linguistics uses and representations which are revealing their identitary claims and their relations to society. We attempt to analyse the various components, between vernacular language and french language, between traditional model and occidental model, that take part in young urban Oceanians' identitary building processus
Marmouch, Maroua. "Transgenres en Nouvelle-Calédonie : discussions intimes sur des parcours de vie wallisiens et quelques parcours kanak." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0674.
Full textThis work aims at describing and understanding the phenomenon of the emergence of transgender individuals (Male to Female), its transformation and its increasing visibility today in urban context. The bulk of this work rests on the life’s trajectories of the main group of transgender living in Noumea, in New Caledonia: they are Wallisian and Futunian transgender, who have a “Polynesian” cultural background. A smaller part of them, are kanak, who have a “Melanesian” cultural background. Starting in the 1970s, in the urban region of Noumea, individuals who were born males, mostly from immigrant families of Wallisian and Futunian origins, began to adopt a feminine appearance and performance by wearing Western-style clothes and make-up. The emergence of a new transgender in Noumea is linked with the development of a new transgender lifestyle, the tai’ata (street sex work). Transgender sociability, sex, urban life-style and agency are the terms associated to tai’ata and to the modern, urban transgender. Today, this individuals look increasingly at modern technics of body transition (hormonal treatment, mammoplasty, vaginoplasty) in order to shape and define their conception of their own body, on the one hand, and at Western sexual categories such as “transsexuality” in order to define their sexuality, on the other hand. Living in a world of tensions between local values and globalization of Western categories and ideas, transgender of Wallisian and Futunian origins, along with a smaller number of Kanak transgender, develop strategies of resistance and negotiation in order to gain acceptance in their family and community sphere, as well as in their relationships involving friendship, love and sex
Dotte-Sarout, Émilie. ""Le bois ancêtre" : arbres, forêts et occupation kanak précoloniale sur la Grande Terre de Nouvelle-Calédonie : étude de cas et approche anthracologique dans la vallée de la Tiwaka (Nord Est)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010532.
Full textBretteville, Dominique. "L'os et le souffle : le système social et cosmique d'une société kanak de Nouvelle-Calédonie : les Paimboas." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0099.
Full textMarin, Léonie. "Les revendications médiatisées kanak." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083534.
Full textThis research aims to study the mediated claims of Kanak people from New Caledonia, an overseas collectivity of French in a process of self-determination. In its contemporary context, we define the notion of claim by analyzing its processes, which enable self-definition and self-representation. These new perspectives have created a dynamic of ideological political, social, economic and cultural confrontations, which contribute to social change. Since the late 1960s, with the advent of political parties' media, the mediatization of the forms of communication of Kanak people has evolved, due to a proliferation of claims and identification processes. In this perspective, a field survey in France and Oceania has allowed us to intersect an in situ ethnographic approach with a discursive analysis of mediated interactions on the Internet, covered by Communication Science. The complementarity of these approaches intends to contribute to the deepening of a digital anthropology. Within the Internet sphere, the appropriation of digital media devices, as well as the self-publishing of mediated interactions renew the individual communicational practices and generate debates. While these debates may give rise to conflicts, they may also become a favorable modality for intercultural exchange. In addition, contemporary communication tactics allow a renewal of the ways to participate individually and collectively, by creating new forms of social and political engagement
Crane, Emmanuelle. "La stratification sociale et raciale de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1853-1914) vue à travers la photographie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0410.
Full textThe purpose of my thesis is to examine how photography recorded colonial expansion and helped forge a Kanak image and identity. Portrayed in the nineteenth century as a victory of European expansionism and civilisation over a primitive and backward Kanak society, the colonial era has now been challenged by postcolonial discourses denouncing these Eurocentric beliefs. Throughout my thesis I discuss the evolution of the techniques of photography from 19th century to our modern usage of the medium which has become utterly routinised and is deeply inserted into social practices. The extensive collection of New Caledonia photographs dating back to as early as 1840 confirms beyond doubt photography's role in forming our national experience, documenting what was to the emergence of New Caledonian identity. The photographs of the Kanak were stereoptic photographs and showed them with stiff expressions as in fear of their photographers. Photographs became fashionable through paper prints called cartes-de-visites which were mounted on cardboard and featured natives in various costumes and occupations. Individual photographs as well as the group collectively: colonial photography was a tool used in the efforts to control the indigenous population. In my thesis I analyse the evolution of the Kanak identity and the process of acculturation brought by the French through the settlements by various communities, the Church and the growing economy of the 19th century. The images are fundamental to the project, being a major source tfor research and critical evaluation. It is only over the last few decades that the importance of photography as a cultural manifestation has been addressed. My thesis tries to answer how photographic evidence surveyed reflect, deny or obscure the position of Knanks within their own country and the process of acculturation and identity building in New Caledonia
Soriano, Éric. "Une trajectoire du politique en Mélanésie : construction identitaire et formation d'un personnel politique : l'exemple Kanak de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 1946-1999." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10021.
Full textGraille, Caroline. "Des Militants aux Professionnels de la Culture : les représentations de l'identité kanak en Nouvelle-Calédonie (1975-2015)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30043/document.
Full textA symbol of “Kanak culture revival”, the festival of Melanesian arts Melanesia 2000 has just celebrated in 2015 its 40th anniversary. This event was in all likelihood the cultural catalyst for the nationalist movement which in the 1980’s successfully established la coutume (“kastom”) as a unifying symbol for the Kanak people in opposition to the colonial status quo. Having been engaged for more than two decades in a process of decolonization – the political and constitutional outcome of which remains uncertain – New Caledonia is now experiencing the effects of a policy of rebalancing in favour of the indigenous people, notably in the form of an unprecedented appreciation of Kanak cultural identity, the preservation of tangible and intangible heritage and the active promotion of cultural development and artistic creation within a wider Pacific cultural context.It is important to retrace the genesis of the “Kanak renaissance” in light of the epistemological discussions that animated Oceanian anthropology in the period, especially the debates around the (re)invention of traditions and their instrumentalization to promote identity consciousness and political mobilization. The social sciences – and especially anthropology – make it possible to place in historical perspective the ongoing process of the making of cultures as collective identities that are objectified, put on display and sanctified (or not) through their official recognition and inscription within the public arena. With the emergence of a new cultural field entirely dedicated to “the management of symbols” (Dubois, 1999), ethnographical research carried out with the social actors makes it possible to show that the representations of Kanak identity that were for a long time the domain of indigenous militants and engaged intellectuals are now the domain of curators and managers of art and cultural heritage.Finally, this largely retrospective study aims at a better epistemological and sociological understanding of social and cultural change in New Caledonia in the period since the hardening of Kanak nationalism (1975-1988) up until the multi-cultural project for a “shared future” brought about by the application of the Noumea Accord (1998-2018)
Cottereau-Reiss, Françoise. "Contribution à l'étude du développement cognitif chez les enfants kanak : représentations et significations d'une pratique d'espace : le Kellö." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30004.
Full textKowasch, Matthias. "Les Kanak face au développement de l'industrie du nickel en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30069/document.
Full textCurrently, two metal processing plants are built in New Caledonia. In contrast with the policy of territorial balance, supported by the Koniambo Project, the Goro Nickel Project will nurture the economic pre-eminence of the capital Nouméa. The inhabitants of the Kanak villages Gatope, Oundjo, Baco and Netchaot, located near by the future “factory of the north”, are generally speaking in favour of the nickel project. They not only regard the construction of the factory as a political instrument for the emancipation of the Kanakian population, but, above all, associate the project with the hope of a job. On the other hand, they fear negative impacts on the environment, especially concerning the lagoon and the mangrove forests. The term “environment”, however, does not only embrace the physical, but also the cultural environment. Identity-establishing holy sites are to be found ashore as well as in the sea. Alongside the opportunity to get a job at the nickel enterprise, the foundation of a supplier and the purchase of stocks, the valorisation of customary represents a chance to participate in the Koniambo Project. Baco is provided with the best premises to integrate its GDPLs into the economic process of the region VKP. But the valorisation of estates thus forms also displays the repeated conflict over the land issue among the clans. Whereas some Kanak make use of the economic development, others will likely suffer from such a marginalisation
Im Neukaledonien entstehen zwei neue Metallverarbeitungsfabriken. Während das Koniambo-Projekt die Politik des räumlichen Ausgleichs unterstützt, wird das Goro-Nickel-Projekt die wirtschaftliche Vorrangstellung der Hauptstadt Nouméa fördern. Die Einwohner der Kanak-Dörfer Gatope, Oundjo, Baco und Netchaot, in der Nähe der zukünftigen „Fabrik des Nordens“ gelegen, haben eine im Großen und Ganzen positive Meinung von dem Nickelprojekt. Sie sehen im Bau der Fabrik nicht nur ein politisches Instrument für die Emanzipation der kanakischen Bevölkerung, sondern verbinden mit dem Projekt vor allem die Hoffnung auf einen Arbeitsplatz. Auf der anderen Seite fürchten sie negative Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt. Der Begriff „Umwelt“ steht jedoch nicht nur für die physische Umwelt, sondern auch für die kulturelle. Sowohl an Land als auch im Meer finden sich Heiligenstätten, die einen identitätsstiftenden Wert haben. Neben der Möglichkeit eines Arbeitsplatzes beim Nickelunternehmen, der Gründung eines Zuliefererunternehmens und dem Kauf von Aktien bildet die gewinnbringende Bewirtschaftung von Ländereien eine Chance zur Partizipation am Koniambo-Projekt. Von den vier untersuchten Kanak-Dörfern verfügt Baco über die besten Voraussetzungen zur Integration in die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Region VKP. Die gewinnbringende Bewirtschaftung von Ländereien zeigt aber auch, dass es immer wieder zu Streitigkeiten zwischen den Clans um die Landfrage kommt. Auf der einen Seite steht eine schnelle wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, auf der anderen Seite neue soziale Disparitäten, welche die Entwicklung nach sich zieht. Während einige Kanak die Entwicklung nutzen können, werden andere wahrscheinlich untere einer verstärkten Marginalisierung leiden
Desroches-Maheux, Ève. "Quotidien et implication citoyenne : regard anthropologique sur la jeunesse kanak à Koné (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27187.
Full textThis master thesis seeks to demystify the diverse experiences of youth in New Caledonia and explores the manifestations of agency by a particular group of young Kanak as they take part in a “collective form of existence” (vivre ensemble) in New Caledonia. The group is composed of young men and women of Koné involved in associations governed by the law established on July 1st 1901 and whose activities primarily revolve around a house located in the Cigales neighbourhood and it’s household. The analysis reveals that youth experiences and practices cannot be reduced to the representations put forward by dominant discourses. These, in fact, wrongly portray young Kanak as being trapped in an unchanged and immobile ancestral culture, and focus primarily on their inadequacy in today’s world as well as on their problems. It is argued that young Kanak possess creative capacities, want to contribute to society and aspire, for most of all, to take an active and vocal part in it. This research further shows that their experiences and initiatives must be contextualised, meaning considered in relation to the contemporary “situation” (social, political and economic) brought by the Nouméa Accord of 1998 according to which these are shaped. Keywords: Kanak, New Caledonia, Youth, shared destiny, citizenship, everyday life, urban milieu, indigenous people.
Madinier, Anne-Lise. "L'État-nation face à la revendication autochtone : essai sur les institutions juridiques kanakes en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37625.
Full textMadinier, Anne-Lise. "L’Etat-nation face à la revendication autochtone : Essai sur les institutions juridiques kanakes en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0005.
Full textSince the 1998 Noumea Accord and the recognition of the Kanak identity, the International Register of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples has appeared in New Caledonia. Since the Matignon Agreement of 1989, the doctrine has focused on the sovereignty of New Caledonia, the indigenous issue is now a new aspect of Kanak decolonization. It is not directly claimed for independence, but for the rights of indigenous peoples. This point of view emancipates itself from the classical monist doctrine of the nation state, considering that other entities can claim self-determination by recognizing a proper legal system. A review of the 1958 Constitution and the analysis of administrative and judicial practices demonstrate the ability of French law to take into account the aspirations and particularities of the Kanake society. Beyond the Noumea Accord, an alternative reflection is proposed based on comparatism with Canadian law
Gorohouna, Samuel. "Dynamiques des inégalités dans un pays pluri-ethnique : le cas de la Nouvelle-Calédonie." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010053.
Full textDutard, Patrick. "Communication et colonisation en Nouvelle-Calédonie : septembre 1774-septembre 1991." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30022.
Full textIs colonisation a specific situation of communication? how did those involved in its process express themselves? the texts which accompanied the new caledonian colonisation are still onknown. The caricatural conception of those texts is contradicted by their formal diversity and the variety of their points of view. On the other hand, no example exits of texts originating from the colonised people. So the essay about the organisation of the kanak communication analyses the caracteristics of this special system. Then, a sociopsychological investigation into the caledonian youth perceptions of the mass media tries to answer the question : is there a continuity or a rupture between their own choices and those of their parents? the last chapter is consacrated to the engraved signs. From traditionnal carvings on minearl and vegetable materials to the graffities and the tags. Is the colonisaed speech on the walls of the city? finally, colonisation appears as an example of failure of communication. The rare exchanges between the different cultures diseappered in each period of conflict
Demmer, Christine. "Les héritiers d'Eloi Machoro (1941-1985) : une génération nationaliste au pouvoir à Amââ et Kûöö, villages de Xârâcùù (Canala), Nouvelle-Calédonie." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0091.
Full textIllouz, Charles. "Les fils du lézard : trilogie matrimoniale en Mélanésie." Paris, EPHE, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EPHE5006.
Full textThe analysis of the Mare mythology (Loyalty islands), supported by a body of a one hundred stories, has enabled the author to observe that there is a huge symbolic operation taking place: the sea world creatures are opposed to the air world creatures, and are involved in a sort of "flesh" negotiation whose creatures of the creeping world offer the go-between. It is through these three main categories which shape the basis of a real mythological rhetoric, that the place taken by the concepts of name, envelope, cannibalism is apprehended. The myths, then, seem to have many discourses focused on the matrimonial quest and the strategy of alliances
Nonnon, Jordan. "«S'il n'y avait plus la coutume, il n'y aurait plus les Kanak» : un rapport complexe entre conservation et développement du territoire (Commune de Yaté, Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29579.
Full textThis master thesis is constructed around the notion of territory and what the latter represents for the Kanak of New-Caledonia. As the Indigenous people of the archipelago, the Kanak are intimately linked to the land they occupy which thus becomes the primary underpinning of the group’s identity and history. The social organization, the rhythm of life as well as the indigenous representations are mostly derived from the manifold relationship they maintained with the territory. In such configuration, one cannot dissociate a human being from his mound. As a result of colonization and the historical evolution of the archipelago, Kanak society has undergone major transformations at the social, cultural, political and religious levels. However, one has to admit that many of the specific features of their tradition and custom have been preserved, valued and even revised in the course of time. Faced with the current developmental context, the Kanak appropriate for themselves the tools of modernity and try to make their voices heard at the local and national levels, while asserting their identity, their culture and their willingness to deal with the actors of development. The thesis analyzes the relationships and interactions between Indigenous and non- Indigenous people around the management of territory and its resources in the commune of Yaté in southern New-Caledonia. It focuses on the practices and expectations of the Kanak people in relation with the issues raised by the presence of the other groups of actors and interests in the region and by the difficulty to conciliate the conservation and the development of the territory.
Nicolas, Hélène. "La fabrique des époux : Approche anthropologique et historique du mariage, de la conjugalité et du genre (Lifou, Nouvelle Calédonie)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3138/document.
Full textThe research subject of this thesis is marriage and conjugality on Lifou, an island of New Caledonia, from 1842, the beginning of evangelization, up until the present day. By studying socialization for marriage, matrimonial rituels and their transformations, it seeks to make a contribution to knowledge of the gender system of this Kanak region. Ceremonial life on Lifou today is governed by opulent marriage rituals. The age group system makes marriage an obligatory passage without which an individual cannot become an "adult" (nyipi atr). Once married, the productive and reproductive capacities of the wife belong to her husband. During ceremonial marriage exchanges, a veritable "war of gifts", the totality of the relatives who constitute the network of the two kinship groups present is reactivated. Honouring the members of ones kinship and alliance networks involves accepting marriage or a conjugal relationship. Marriage and conjugality were transformed by the action of the Christian missionaries who sought to replace the local model of separation and antagonism between the sexes by a gender system based on the conjugal couple, in which "the man is the head and the woman the body". Under the system of Native Regulations (régime de l’indigénat), colonial laws strengthened a husband's rights over his wife and considerably reduced the latter's freedom of action. It was only in 1946 (the end of the system of Native Regulations), and during the independence protests in the 1980s, that the women of Lifou gained new room for manoeuvre and could thus oppose a husband's unilateral exercise of power
Cugola, Umberto. "Les contradictions culturelles du développement : la tribu de la Conception à Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20051.
Full textWith the signature of Matignon's agreement in 1988, extended in 1998 by the Noumea's one, Kanak were coming to a turning point of their history. Tribes are now immersed in a Caledonian society marked by vigorous development processes which, at the same time, are boosted by State's massive transfers of money and by an enhancement of the nickel production due to "globalization". Moreover through the institutionalization of their culture, Kanak enjoy a special level of recognition in the republican arena. At first glance, all conditions seem to be met to reach the objectives which are pursued through the «incorporation of the Kanak in a free market ". The tribe of La Conception which this thesis focuses on, seems to be a standard reference in the domain. In New Caledonia as elsewhere in the world, development and culture maintain a contradictory and controversial relation. Tensions are obvious in La Conception because this tribe has the unique feature to be situated in the very center of the urban area of Grand-Nouméa. Tuned into the powerful urban dynamics and classical forms of a modern society, the community of La Conception is affected by the deterioration of its cultural sphere. To counter this process, young kanak persons of this tribe created an organisation and decided to rehabilitate one of their forefathers' heritages: the terrace irrigated taro cultivation. This local initiative should be seen such as an action of development which is generated by a thought on a « lived culture » (which the author belongs to),. Based on this experience, this thesis questions the relationship between culture and development. When development badly integrates into a community, it is fluently said that it meets cultural obstacles. Some people assert that culture acts as a brake on development. Are not those resistances mere obstacles which have just to be understood and then to be overcome? Could not they represent a political form of expression trying to give a more "human” sense to development? To think out the relation between culture and development, this work refers to a political dimension inherited from colonization. Economic, cultural and political, such are the three domains through which this thesis researches on the «cultural contradictions of development »
Nayral, Mélissa. "Le chantier du politique : Étude anthropologique de la vie politique à Ouvéa (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3107.
Full textBased on a microsocial ethnography, this thesis focuses on the political life of Ouvéa Island (New Caledonia) which can be considered as a constant ongoing building process.Using four case studies describing crisis, polemics or controversies, this thesis offers more general thoughts on the organization on how this political life is locally conceived and on the relationships of influence and of power it can generates.The analysis evolves around three major problematics. The « affaire de la grotte d’Ouvéa », which is the first one, demonstrates how historical events and their memory stakes are the foundation of the contemporary political life. The second one, questions « custom » as a standardized discourse, a relationship system and a political order. Its analyses shows that « custom » is not only organizing the daily life on a traditional way, but that it can also be used in order to serve more personal ambitions. The third problematic explores how both « custom » and « republican institutions » do articulate with eachother at the time of the implementation of the « french parity law ». The description of the « conseil municipal » (local Council) therefore provides us with general thoughts on gender relationships in Kanak society. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the political life of Ouvéa is a paradoxal environment characterised by building as well as demolition and fixing activities. Being at the same time an agitated and motionless place, considering its past when looking forward to the future at the same time, the political life of Ouvéa, just like the elements which compose it, is both a changing and a dynamic object
Sam, Léonard Drilë. "Marques aspecto-temporelles et modales et structures d'actance du drehu, langue de Lifou (Nouvelle-Calédonie)." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2007. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseLeonardDrileSam2007.pdf.
Full textThis study deals with the actancy as well as the aspectual and modal markers in Drehu, an Oceanic language spoken in the island of Lifu (Loyalty islands). It builds on the Theory of Utterance Operations as developed by A. Culioli. The first section concerns the Drehu parts of speech; the author demonstrates the polyfunctionality of Drehu lexical units and the irrelevance of a verb/noun precategorisation. The second section is devoted to the analysis of the mains mood and aspect markers. None of them expresses temporality, except when they occur without any contextual specification. Each of the aspectual and modal markers indicates a specific utterance operation. The third section, about argument structures, shows how predicates and arguments are organized along several devices, which often combine, such as constituent order and argument markers. Their use and pattern depend on the mood or aspect marker, as well as on the valency of the predicate
Zongo, Paul Humuni. "Caractéristiques anthropométriques et physiologiques des jeunes Kanak : influence du mode de vie sur la santé en nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0207/document.
Full textThe New Caledonian people have undergone profound changes over the last thirty years with a quick changing environment and population lifestyle. These changes have a determining role in the evolution of the body composition evolution and physical condition for adults but also for adolescents and especially kanak adolescents. Indeed, young Kanak live, for some, in a rural environment in tribes and, for others, in an urban environment. This implies different behaviours depending on their living place. Thus, we focused our work on this youth (aged 11 to 30) by studying the body composition (anthropometric data) and the physiological variables (physical fitness and physical activity) in federal sports and schools. The studies led us to the conclusion that: 1) kanak athletes are shorter, more agile and explosive, and are better at repeating sprints with and without change of direction compared to young non-Kanak athletes. 2) These young kanak athletes are able to practice in high intensity efforts with a significant capacity for recovery, without affecting their well-being during a high level competition. 3) For adolescents aged 11 to 16, the rural environment is suitable for high physical activity and physical fitness, particularly among boys. However, a significant fat mass accumulation among girls living in rural and urban areas as well as urban boys has been observed. These data suggest a change in adolescent behaviors. The work findings highlight the importance in developing a health education policy aimed at behavioral changes in lifestyle (diet, physical activity and time spent inactive) among the kanak youth
Bellec, Sarah. "L'interaction touristique en Nouvelle-Calédonie : entre malentendus et négociations identitaires." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0145.
Full textFrom the empirical observation of the productivity of misunderstandings between tourists and kanak tourism providers who host in tribes, this thesis of social and cultural anthropology questions the institutional definitions and the meaning of tourism. The interdependencies between tourists and the Kanak population of New Caledonia show that tourism activity is not confined to an economic dimension but constitutes a space of socialization where individual and collective identity quests are predominant
Wamytan, Léon. "Peuple kanak et droit français : du droit de la colonisation au droit de la décolonisation, l'égalité en question." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10422.
Full textIf the shock of the colonization of New Caledonia evoked in the introduction of the agreement on New Caledonia of May 5th, 1998 is not to be any more demonstrated, themeans developed by the French law towards the people remain to be examined. Considering the particular relations that maintain Kanak in the land, the shock of the cultures is goi ng to be translated by the opposition of the rights be tween an unchanging custom, and a French law which makes sacred the private property, participat ing in the rights of man and the citizen. These senses of identity appropriate for the coloni zation of New Caledonia, took multiple legal forms, as for the very taking possession because the Kanak first people knows a treaty (1844), a taking possession in 1853, and acts of gratitude of sovere ignty were signed by leaders (1854 ) on the Big Earth 2 . Our permanent questioning is thus the one to know how the Kanak people underwent by virtue of the French law a fundamental upheaval of his vital land space, spheres of influence ofhis traditional chieftainships, a disintegration of his organizatio n endowed with his owncodes. The constitutional gratitude of a personal status a ppropriate for the first people in the agreement of Noumea of 1998, is going to allow to confirm and to assure the superiority of the usual uses, either i n this only domain, but for all which concerns the ci vil law. The renowned French law based on the equality. The application to the Kanak people of New Caledonia shows that this idea must be revised. So, it is about the period of the colonization ( 1st part)) and its negative discriminatory law wher e that of the decolonization (2eme left) and its posi tive discriminatory law, Kanak people knew and always knows different rules
Doelrasad, Julia. "La littérature kanak francophone entre revendication d'identité culturelle et interculturalité." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5002.
Full textWadrawane, Eddy. "L'école aux marges de la tribu : approche anthropologique des stratégies d'accueil et d'intégration de l'institution scolaire en Nouvelle-Calédonie (Provinces Nord et Iles)." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21769/document.
Full text"Here is the school of leadership. Teachers are appointed with the consent of the tribe and chiefdom. Here, there is a great leader, the small head and the pastor and after administration [...]. The school, it belongs to gavaman (Governor). This has been going. It's all in the domain of Ledran (public space). But all this rests on our land. " The response of the dignitary of the tribe of Padawa on Maré Island in New Caledonia, Monday, March 3, 1983 raised the triggers for reflection on the spatial arrangement of the school Kanak tribe. The expression used by the dignitary clannish, "it sits on our land," even if it makes us confused about the spatial location of the school, however it gives us the opportunity of a social anthropological approach and an angle review reports progressive policy related to the history of inclusion and integration of groups and Aboriginal objects in space. The preposition "on" position involves what is on the surface of what is under the authority transient, as opposed to internally; "under" customary land is space, space for rooting. The dichotomy between "on" and "below" refers to spatial concepts such as greeting and welcoming, understood as a representation of order of arrival in the socialized space, the tribe. This order of occupation becomes a strong argument for the claim to legitimacy among Aboriginal people themselves and between indigenous and others. The vital microespaces are managed according to the order of integration and localization of objects or groups of the collective. This distinction occupying space can then elucidate the paradoxical location of the school to the example of one of the tribe of Padawa, which alone, like a border guard post on the borders of the tribe. Nothing is less straightforward in the Kanak community where space and its management are not ephemera even evanescent. Based on the qualitative method through social discursively, our thoughts on the place of the school in kanak tribes not only probes into the indigenous intention to paradoxically posit the infrastructure but also, because it opposes two different kinds of space - esoteric and exoteric, into the way indigenous knowledge, scholar knowledge and island knowledge may come into competition in not so clear strategies of the political anthropologization of space, generated by a combination of perspectives. The sake of research of dynamic equilibrium, following the integration of school space by rewording and rearrangement lead to the emergence Standing under barycentric space built and implicitly expected by the Agreements, modern space that we would like appoint, Public Space of the country, where new space is dialogic discourse to confront various cultural texts and complex. In addition, our analysis would reconsider these complex spaces indigenous identity when, in the context of parole "unbalancing" the native risk his extradition in a suffocating world of formatting, in which everything is a pretext to swallow what is identity, as form of dehumanization by dispossessing the ability to think ... ... and the world as noble human activity. Would not that our challenge?
Patane, Frédéric. "Les représentations sociales du handicap en milieu kanak et leurs résonances sur les pratiques sociales." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2114.
Full textThe multicultural issue of disability in New Caledonia became a central issue when, in 2009, the territory adopted a law in favour of people with disabilities, modelled on a Western model. By institutionalizing the care of the handicap, the public authorities weaken the kanak local solidarity. The study of the representations and social practices of disability in the kanak world makes it possible to understand the impact that this legislative framework can have on families and persons with disabilities. In order to legitimize our anthropological approach, we show that disability is a culturally based situation. The study of available data on disability in the oceanic and kanak world in particular reveals the diversity of practices according to economic and social contexts. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation, carried out in tribal and urban areas, show that the magico-religious approach occupies an important place in the interpretation of disability. In the kanak world, interpreting disability means, in the end, looking for what lies behind a biomedical explanation. In addition, while the kanak custom guarantees protection and solidarity of proximity towards people with disabilities, it encourages their social participation only through traditional activities.In 2009, the legislative framework in favour of people with disabilities introduces foreign concepts to kanak culture such as disability rate, loss of autonomy, life project. Moreover, as a factor of individualization, it weakens traditional solidarity based on family networks of dependence and protection.The Western system, by investing in the field of disability, leads Kanak to question the level of cultural differentiation they want to preserve in terms of caring for the most vulnerable
Martin, Alain. "La représentation du monde canaque dans l'oeuvre de Georges Baudoux (1870-1949)." Paris 8, 1995. http://octaviana.fr/document/172678447#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe aim of the thesis entitled la representation du monde canaque dans l'oeuvre de georges baudoux (1870-1949) (representation of the kanak world in the work of georges baudoux (1870-1949) is to understand kanak civilisation as portrayed in the writings of a new caledonian author. The first approach endeavours to give legitimacy to the factors which make baudoux a genuine author and to define a "new caledonian reading pact" recognisable in "details" such as baudoux's description of history, mastery of place names, descriptions of the island and its fauna, flora and typical characters as well as their speech, without neglecting his preconceived ideas, processes, lexicon, metaphors, cliches, etc. There follows an analysis of legendes canaques (kanak legends) stressing baudoux's style peculiarities and the literary representation of kanak characters in their essence and acts. The second analytical stand point is posited on the assumption that these kanak characters can only be understood within the bounds of their sacred, mythical, ritual and warrior society. An attempt is made to define the effect of myths, the importance of rites and the organisation of symbols and warfare. But this ethnographic approach reveals as much as it conceals, stresses certain acts (feasting, transgressions, cannibalism) and puts over other points of view. The "third reading" concentrates on the moral attitude of the "white" narrator who criticises the values and beliefs of the kanaks, in the name of a racist ideology. But the work also reveals other value systems-those of the informants, and of the kanak and mixed-race characters which give the work its richness and its multiple registers
Boubin-Boyer, Sylvette. "De la première guerre mondiale en Océanie : Les guerres de tous les Calédoniens." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NCAL0005.
Full textWamo, Albert. "Photolangage pour accueillir la vulnérabilité psychique en groupe : "un groupe expérientiel en tribu avec des filles mères célibataires kanak"." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR137.
Full textHow to identify and treat the psychic vulnerability of the young Kanak mother whose child is given to another for adoption? We try to answer this question by sharing our experience from a focus group with mediation within a tribe in New Caledonia. We explain how the adjustment of photolanguage adapted to the cultural universe of our subjects plays a role in the development of discussion within the group. Inspired by the group psychic apparatus approach, we explore associative processes in the treatment of previous sufferings. Using our adaptation of the photolanguage tool, we have focused on the following elements: the attachment to the land, the attachment to the importance of a Kanak’s first name, the relationship with the maternal uncle and the link to the status of women in Kanak society. We demonstrate the importance of these links through their organizing effects on intersubjective relationships. However, on the negative side, these links can uncover legacies that are as yet undeclared and can also be a source of toxic psychic changes and influences. We highlight precisely the symbolic importance of re-positioning the subject within their cultural universe, both in the collective and individual sense. Our work is for all those who care about patients and want to understand the Kanak world and its issues
Colombani, Hélène. "L'imaginaire dans le mythe canaque : analyse des images, symboles et archétypes dans les mythes canaques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL015.
Full textWhile scientific progress offers unimaginable opportunities, constraints of industrialization, urbanization and modern technology never cease to reverse the field of the intangible and spiritual. Long spared Oceania remains a privileged space where the impregnation of traditions and nature remained alive and meaningful. “Imagination in Kanak myths” is the subject of our research, the opening of a novel exploratory field which leads to the revelation of the “Real hidden” bases this approach. The contribution of the study and research of the first missionaries, linguists and anthropologists has provided a set of data and myths that describe and interpret the organization of the Kanak society, its customs and traditions. Investigations of ethnology remained away from traditional theories and discoveries of the Imaginary Freud, Jung and Bachelard were precursors. We will call the methods of analysis and investigation of the collective unconscious and depth psychology, to fit the field of mythology Kanak. The implementation of a corpus of myths collected at the beginning of colonization, explains the structural composition of each story, which develops their “genetic identification card”, and imagine a new method of exploring the world of myths. Implementation of “mythocritic” Gilbert Durand adapted and supplemented by mythanalysis, performs an exploratory mythodologie of the imaginary of " sermo mythicus". Constellations of images, symbols and archetypes decrypted in these ancient myths, then reveal the deep semantic as well as joining the universal archetypes. Our aim is to highlight the relevance of previous theories that have revolutionized such fields as psychology, philosophy, and literature up and opening new horizons for the interpretation of oral traditions which are major among the most old Oceania, and to confirm their rich symbolism and their contribution to the knowledge of Anthropos that Leenhard had emphasized
Mapou, Raphael. "Analyse dialectique des transformations du droit en Nouvelle-Calédonie : l'état colonial républicain face aux institutions juridiques Kanakes." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0050/document.
Full textThe rule of law in New-Caledonia on September 30 2017, is the result of the republican law exportation procedure that lasted 164 years, the expression of the Judeo-Christian civilization on a territory that is situated 22 000 kilometres from continental France and its confrontation with customary rights, which is the expression and the cement of the Melanesian Yam civilization, consolidated one thousand years after Jesus christ. After the violent colonization and the proven failure of "the french way" decolonization engaged in 1946, another decolonization desired by the Kanak people following the insurrectional crisis of 4 years, started in 1988 and came to an end in 2018,with a result, of a series of three auto-determination referendums. The new juridical paradigm is introduced at the level of the french constitution by Noumea's agreement and it has opened the paths of a flexible french juridical monism and a legal dialogue between Kanak's indigenous law and the french republican law. The Kanak people adopted in 2014 the kanak's People Chart and they have positioned themselves for a cooperative legal pluralism and is waiting for the opening of the dialogue
Waminya, Richard. "De la conceptualisation implicite du nombre et des figures géométriques dans la culture drehu à leur conceptualisation explicite dans les mathématiques à l'école : étude exploratoire des interactions suscitées par les deux conceptualisations et de leurs effets à partir d'approches pédagogique, didactique et ethnomathématique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20097/document.
Full textIn the disciplinary field of mathematics, the student Drehu has difficulty to master the knowledge taught. But in his daily life, he is surrounded by practices and cultural productions that present mathematical concepts that are studied in class. It notes that the low performance in mathematical activities are most often due to difficulties in adapting teaching methods of teachers or the assimilation of mathematical concepts. How, therefore, help these young drehu, from a cultural environment where the concepts are perceived implicitly, to integrate in a school environment where they are referred to? Taking account of the conceptualization of number and geometrical figures into the culture Drehu allows teachers to know how to teach math concepts implicit in the sociocultural environment of the child and especially the teaching methods developed by him. These socio-cultural contributions help the teacher to appropriate teaching strategies that promote better learning of mathematical concepts by students at school Drehu. These cultural knowledge serve as didactic crutch in the learning of school knowledge
Mitran, Scarlett. "Mécanismes de pluralisme juridique et utilisation paradoxale du droit : le postmodernisme de l'État français en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20017.
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