Academic literature on the topic 'Kano modelling'

ABSTRACT
 This paper looked at the change in land use land cover (LULC) of Kano metropolis from 2001 to 2012; projected to 2035 and thereby assessing the response of these different land covers to rainfall event using the Hydrologic Engineering Corps- Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model. The outcome of the LULC revealed that the built-up areas increased from 19.7% to 34.4% and then to 54.4% in 2001, 2012 and 2035, respectively. The discharge of Jakara basin indicated a rise from 2001, 2012 to 2035 in the order of 443, 585.2 to 609.7 cm3/sec respectively. However, that of Chalawa shows increase between 2001 and 2012 and a decrease in 2035 as a result of canalization within the basin. The paper recommended adherence to the city masterplan and construction of canals within each sub-drainage basin for proper conveyance of run-off discharge.

With the development of e-commerce, an increasing number of online reviews can serve as a promising data source for enterprises to improve online products. This paper proposes a method for modelling consumer satisfaction based on online reviews using the improved Kano model from the perspective of risk attitude and aspiration. Firstly, the attributes concerned by consumers are extracted from online reviews, and sentiment analysis of the extracted attributes is carried out using Standford CoreNLP. Secondly, to identify the types of product attributes, an improved Kano model is proposed based on the effects of product attributes on consumer total utility. On this basis, different attribute types are illustrated from the perspective of risk attitude. Then, the consumer aspirations are mined based on the risk attitudes of different attributes and the attribute impact on consumer satisfaction. According to the risk attitudes and aspirations of different attributes, the quantified satisfaction functions are constructed to provide more objective and accurate improvement suggestions. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the hotel service improvement to illustrate the effectiveness.

Congestion has become part of everyday urban life, and resilience is very crucial to traffic vulnerability and sustainable urban mobility. This research employed a neural network as an adaptive artificially-intelligent application to study the complex domains of traffic vulnerability and the resilience of the transport system in Nigerian cities (Kano and Lagos). The input criteria to train and check the models for the neural resilience network are the demographic variables, the geospatial data, traffic parameters, and infrastructure inventories. The training targets were set as congestion elements (traffic volume, saturation degree and congestion indices), which are in line with the relevant design standards obtained from the literature. A multi-layer feed-forward and back-propagation model involving input–output and curve fitting (nftool) in the MATLAB R2019b software wizard was used. Three algorithms—including Levenberg–Marquardt (LM), Bayesian Regularization (BR), and a Scaled Conjugate Gradient (SCG)—were selected for the simulation. LM converged easily with the Mean Squared Error (MSE) (2.675 × 10−3) and regression coefficient (R) (1.0) for the city of Lagos. Furthermore, the LM algorithm provided a better fit for the model training and for the overall validation of the Kano network analysis with MSE (4.424 × 10−1) and R (1.0). The model offers a modern method for the simulation of urban traffic and discrete congestion prediction.

Reservoirs are built to store water during abundance for possible reuse during scarcity; sediment incursion is the leading phenomenon that limit reservoirs to sustain this function. Therefore, modelling the rate at which reservoir accumulates sediments is critical in understanding the nature of the problem, the time frame within which it is expected to occur, and the best mitigation strategy that will maintain the reservoir service. This study investigated the sediment influx in three typical Sahelian reservoirs in Kano state using the bathymetric method. The reservoir capacities were found to be declining at different rates but with grave consequences on the future, and economy of the state. In prolific terms, the state is losing 490 million litres of water storage each year. Presently, Magaga lost 39% of its capacity; Thomas has lost 13%; while Kafin-chiri has lost 5%. For sustainability, this trend needs to be addressed. The short and long-term best management strategies to curtail this trend have been outlined in this study.

Vaginitis is usually caused by a change in the normal balance of vaginal microbes, an infection or reduced oestrogen levels after menopause leading to variety of infections by bacteria, fungi and viruses. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginitis and its associated risk factors among women attending antenatal care center of Wudil general hospital, Kano Nigeria. A total of 352 High Vaginal Swab and serum samples were collected from women attending antenatal care centre of Wudil general hospital. The samples were processed and screened for the presence of Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis and Treponema pallidum through culture and microscopy and serum venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test. The risk factors were assessed using a designed questionnaire and analysed using Multivariate logistic modelling. The prevalence of C. albicans, T. vaginalis and Treponema pallidum were found to be 32.38%, 18.46 %, and 4.83%, respectively(p≤0.05). The result showed that the risk factors that are significantly associated with the prevalence of vaginitis were active sex age (26 – 30) years, educational status and number of participants husband’s wives. The study identifies that C. albicans is the major cause of vaginitis, and is insignificantly associated with active sex age educational status and number of participants husband’s wives. Keywords: Candida albicans, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, Pregnant Women

The effect of pollution on air quality has been a concern for mankind for a long time. In some cases the problem is essentially one of local emissions in a given urban area leading to an adverse effect on air quality in that same area. However, in the general case, the problem is more diverse in that the problem of air pollution has multiplicity effects beyond the point source and these effects are dynamic in nature. Such effects are usually evaluated using dynamical equations. In this study, a comprehensive review on effect of air polluting variables was described on the basis of evaluation of formulation equations of the American Meteorological Society and U.S. Environmental protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD view 9.6.5). The AERMOD model was also used to simulate the dispersion and deposition of the hourly and daily H2S and NO2 concentrations from two domains: Challawa and Sharada industrial estates /areas respectively. The AERMOD model evaluation showed that there was good correlation between the modelled and observed H2S concentration for the daily and hourly comparison at Challawa (0.53 and 0.91 respectively) but the daily and hourly comparison of H2S at Sharada (0.13 and 0.46 respectively) was seen to drop indicating poor correlation and model skill. However, model evaluation of NO2 shows poor agreements and model skill at Challawa as well as daily comparison at Sharada. However, the modelling shows good agreement (R2= 0.64) in the trend for the hourly value modelled versus observed concentrations at Sharada. Moreover, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the two pollutants (H2S and NO2) at all the two domains indicates highly accurate result for both daily and hourly concentrations. AERMOD software can therefore be used to estimate the dispersion and deposition of the pollutants at some domains considered in this study.
 Key Words: AERMOD model, Air pollutant, Industrial sources, Dispersion and Deposition

Valve stiction is one of the most common problems on industrial process control loops. The detection and quantification of valve stiction in control loops is therefore important to ensure the high quality of the products and maintain the reliable performance of control loops. This paper presents an algorithm for quantifying valve stiction in control loop based on linear decrease inertia weight particle swarm optimization to obtain more accurate estimates of stiction parameters. The amount of stiction present in the valve is estimated by identifying parameters of Kano model which is a two-parameter data-driven stiction modelling based on the parallelogram of MVPV phase plot. Simulation results have demonstrated the efficacy of this algorithm in valve stiction quantification and also its robustness to oscillations due to inappropriate controller tuning and external disturbances. Results are confirmed by application to real process industrial data.

The objective of this master thesis is to identify “key-drivers” embedded in customer satisfaction data. The data was collected by a large transportation sector corporation during five years and in four different countries. The questionnaire involved several different sections of questions and ranged from demographical information to satisfaction attributes with the vehicle, dealer and several problem areas. Various regression, correlation and cooperative game theory approaches were used to identify the key satisfiers and dissatisfiers. The theoretical and practical advantages of using the Shapley value, Canonical Correlation Analysis and Hierarchical Logistic Regression has been demonstrated and applied to market research.

Detta examensarbete syftar till att utreda om en utvärderingsmetod som används med stor framgång inom arbetsmiljöundersökningar och utformning av arbetsplatser också kan vara till nytta vid utvärdering av produkter under utveckling. För att söka svar på frågorna ”Kan utvärderingar av produkter och prototyper med Insitumetoden bidra till effektivare produktutvecklingsprocess?” och ”Är det möjligt med Insitumetoden att få fram information/feedback som inte skulle komma fram med traditionella metoder?” har en pilotundersökning genomförts. Undersökningen har gjorts tillsammans med POC Sweden AB som är marknadsledande inom hjälmar och skyddsutrustning för brädsport och cykling. Resultatet av pilotundersökningen presenterades för POCs produktutvecklingsteam som därefter har gett sin syn på värdet av undersökningen. Först och främst kan man konstatera att vilken kundundersökning som helst är oändligt mycket bättre än ingen alls. Om inte annat för att bekräfta den bild man redan har. Svaret på den första forskningsfrågan blir jakande: Insitu-metoden kan bidra till en effektivare produktutvecklingsprocess eftersom metoden kräver extremt liten arbetsinsats av undersökningsledaren förutsatt att man har tillgång till en grupp respondenter. För att med säkerhet kunna besvara den andra forskningsfrågan rekommenderar författaren att kompletterande utvärderingar görs.<br>The object of this thesis is to investigate whether a specific evaluation method used in other fields such as working environment studies as well as when planning office space also could be used to help product developers and to evaluate products in development. Trying to answer questions ”Is it possible that the In-situ method makes product development process more efficient?” and ”Is it possible to gain information with the In-situ method that wouldn’t reveal itself with traditional methods?” a pilot study has been undertaken in cooperation with POC Sweden AB. POC is known to be leading the market of personal safety products for snow and wheel sports. The product development team of POC has helped by giving their opinions on the result of pilot study. First of all: Any customer evaluation is better than none at all. If only to confirm the picture you already have. The answer to the first research question is positive: The In-situ method might help making the product development process more efficient since it adds very little workload to the study management given that you have access to a group of respondents. In order to securely answer the second question the author recommends further investigations.

Syfte: Kundnöjdhet förekommer i olika nivåer när en konsument genomför ett köp av tjänst. Servicekvaliteten är av stor vikt vid uppfyllandet av konsumentens behov och önskemål. Det finns tio olika dimensioner av servicekvalitet, där en av dimensionerna är pålitlighet. Servicekvalitets dimensionen pålitlighet har dock kritiserats vid olika tillfällen och är varierande beroende på bransch. Tidigare studier resulterade i att pålitlighet inte har en stor inverkan i kundnöjdhet, medan andra studier påvisar att det finns en inverkan. Pålitlighet visar sig från tidigare studier ha en varierande stabilitet. I följd av detta har vi utformat syftet:  Syftet med vår studie är att skapa en ökad förståelse över servicekvalitetsdimensionen pålitlighet och dess bidragande faktor till nöjda kundupplevelser inom konsumentservice. Metod: Studien genomförs med ett deduktivt förhållningssätt med en kvantitativ forskningsmetod. Forskningsdesignen följer en tvärsnittsdesign på grund av studien, med utgångspunkt ska kunna utnyttja surveyundersökningar, det vill säga enkäter. Studiens resultat analyseras i SPSS, där det utförts en deskriptiv statistik och korrelationsanalys, samt i Excel där det genomförts olika sammanställningar av enkätsvaren. Detta följs av studiens egen analys, resultat, diskussion och slutsats.  Resultat &amp; Slutsats: Studiens resultat tyder på att servicedimensionen pålitlighet har ett positivt samband och inverkan på kundnöjdhet inom frisörbranschen. Samtidigt har konsumenters behov en betydelsefull inverkan på pålitlighet och kundnöjdhet, såsom upplevelse, pris och trygghet. Om dessa faktorer uppfylls av tjänsteutövaren kommer en positiv nivå av kundnöjdhet uppstå. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar med ökad kunskap om servicekvalitets dimensionen pålitlighets påverkan till nöjda kundupplevelser inom frisörbranschen. Jämfört med tidigare studier som fokuserat på servicekvalitet i sin helhet riktat mot kundnöjdhet. I och med tidigare studiers helhetöversikt, kan denna studie ge en mer ingående beskrivning om en servicekvalitets dimension och dessutom nämna vilka parametrar som är av vikt vid uppfyllandet av kundnöjdhet.  Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studien påvisar avgränsningar genom att enbart rikta sig mot en kvalitetsdimension och frisörbranschen. Förslag till vidare forskning är att undersöka en annan dimension än pålitlighet för att se huruvida de kan bidra till nöjda kundupplevelser. Ett annat förslag kan vara att undersöka samma dimension med en annan bransch, för att se likheter och skillnader branscher sinsemellan.<br>Aim: Customer satisfaction occurs in different levels when a consumer makes a service purchase. The quality of service is important in the fulfilling of consumers needs and wishes. There are ten different dimensions of service quality, including reliability. However, reliability have been criticized in various occasions and depending on the industry. A previous research results have shown us that reliability doesn’t have a major impact on customer satisfaction, but other research has shown that there is an extensive impact. Reliability has a varying stability and therefore this study intends to investigate the following:  The aim of this study is to create an increased understanding of the service quality dimension reliability and its attributes to customer satisfaction experience within consumer service.  Method: The study is followed by a deductive approach from a quantitative research method. The research design follows by a cross-sectional design due the basis of being able to use surveys. The study’s results are analyzed in SPSS, such as descriptive statistic and correlation analysis. The study also used excel to do some various compilations of the survey responses. This is followed by the study’s own analysis, results, discussion, and conclusion.  Result &amp; Conclusion: The study’s results indicate that reliability has a positive relationship and an impact on customer satisfaction in the barber industry. At the same time, consumer requirement has a significant impact on reliability and customer satisfaction. These requirements are experience, price and comfort. If these factors are fulfilled by the service provider, a positive level of customer satisfaction will show.  Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes an increased knowledge about reliabilities impact on customer satisfaction experience in the barber industry. Compared with previous research who has been focused on the service quality entirety impact for the customer satisfaction. With previous studies overall view, this study can provide a more detailed description on one service quality dimension and also mention which parameters that are important in fulfilling the customer satisfaction.  Suggestions for future research: This study has limitations by focusing only on one quality dimension of the barber industry. Suggestions for further research are to examine another dimension, to see if they can contribute to better customer satisfaction experiences. Another suggestion might be to examine the same dimension in another industries, to see similarities and differences between industries.

This dissertation was made since we wanted to investigate the conception called quality within the school sector. What it means and if there is something that can give an explanation of how they  at look at the conception within the school sector. This will be the benchmark through the dissertation, trying to find out the most important things which might be equal to quality within the school. To find the answers of our questions we will read literature according to the subject. To get an increased understanding we will interview some people within the school efficacy, and give students a survey to fill in. The most important results from our investigation is to look at everything in its entirety, not only look at what grades students get. Even though this the most narrated sign of quality. There is so much more which is building quality of school. All other characteristics such as comfort, teachers etc. must work out too, to get grades and quality which is satisfying. By having these characteristics as good as possible you will get close as close as possible to an optimal solution to reach good quality. If you succeed with that, you will have a god quality.

A mechanical industry company’s need for an effective and suitable business model is higher than ever before due to new emerging technologies, especially within digitalization and Industry 4.0. As the Internet of Things (IoT) trend is emerging, companies need to identify new value propositions and adapt their offerings and revenue models in order to meet the customers’ new demands. The current amount of studies that have been conducted in the area of new business models and product offerings with regards to the IoT technology are limited. Therefore, this study has examined and analyzed how a new business model should be designed and what kind of new product offerings a company in the mechanical industry should offer in the area of IoT and servitization. The literature study contains information about Industry 4.0, Internet of Things and Servitization while the theory study addresses theories regarding the business model canvas together with the KANO model. The study has been executed by conducting eleven semi-structured interviews, where nine of the interviewees were employees at our commissioner and the remaining two were customers of our commissioner. The internal interviews were held with executives and managers who represented eight different divisions as well as three different nationalities. The customer interviewees represented two different companies with different sizes and ownership structures. The results of the study indicate that the IoT technology contributes to several new possible product and service offerings, together with new revenue streams, as well as a need for implementing a new servitized business model. Conclusively, offerings such as predictive maintenance, remote assistance, and machine optimization among others, can be offered to the customers with the help of the IoT technology. Furthermore, new payment models such as upfront payments together with a service agreement with monthly payments, are vital parts of a new business model that has to be implemented. In addition, a closer customer relationship is required when moving towards servitization in the area of digitalization and IoT.<br>För ett bolag inom verkstadsindustrin finns behovet av en effektiv och passande affärsmodell på grund av de nya digitaliseringskoncepten Industri 4.0 och Internet of Things (IoT). Företag måste identifiera nya värdeskapande erbjudanden och anpassa sina affärsmodeller och intäktsströmmar för att möta kundernas nya behov. Antalet studier som genomförts inom området “nya affärsmodeller och produkterbjudanden baserade på IoT-teknik” är begränsat. Därför har denna studie undersökt och analyserat hur en ny affärsmodell bör kunna se ut med hänsyn till vilka typer av nya produkterbjudanden ett bolag inom verkstadsindustrin borde erbjuda inom området för IoT. I kombination med dessa digitaliseringskoncept, ses konceptet servitization som en möjlig väg för att kunna leverera dessa nya erbjudanden till kunderna. Litteraturstudien innehåller information om Industri 4.0, Internet of Things och servitization medan teoristudien adresserar teorier om business model canvas tillsammans med KANO-modellen. Vi har genomfört elva semistrukturerade intervjuer, där nio utav de intervjuade var anställda hos rapportens beställare och de resterande två var kunder till samma beställare. De interna intervjuerna hölls med chefer på ledande befattningar som representerade åtta olika affärsdivisioner och tre olika nationaliteter. Kunderna som intervjuades representerade två företag av olika storlek och olika ägarförhållanden. Studiens resultat visar på att IoT bidrar till ett antal nya produkt- och serviceerbjudanden, tillsammans med nya intäktsströmmar, och det visar även behovet av att implementera en ny serviceinriktad affärsmodell. Slutsatsen visar att erbjudanden som prediktivt underhåll, fjärråtkomst och maskinoptimering med flera, kan erbjudas till kunden med hjälp av IoT-tekniken. Vidare identifieras nya betalningsmodeller, till exempel direktbetalning för en maskin tillsammans med ett serviceavtal som inkluderar månadsvisa betalningar, som viktiga delar utav den föreslagna affärsmodellen. Slutligen visar studien att starkare kundrelationer måste etabler

To an ever greater extent, customers desire experiences that are highly emotional, personally designed and memorable. Today’s customer has an increasing need to be entertained and often searches for pleasurable offerings of hedonic value. Many academics also argue that commercial experiences deliver a higher customer value than goods and services. More research regarding the character of the commercial experience is needed to understand the needs of the customer and what creates value to the customer. However the existing tools and methods for measuring customer value and customer satisfaction seldom contain the elements pointed out as important to customers in a commercial experience. Is it enough to focus on values, methods and tools developed within for instance Total Quality Management (TQM) or is there a need for further development to include the offering of a commercial experience?  The overall purpose of this thesis has been to explore the field of commercial experiences and establish new knowledge on how customer value is created when delivering commercial experiences. Within the overall purpose the research also intended to contribute to the area of quality development. In order to fulfill the overall purpose three research questions were asked and three case studies and one validation study were conducted. In the first case study, focus was on exploring the commercial experience sector and searching for best practices as regards how to create value to the customer. One organization was studied and empirical data was collected by site visit, direct observation, participant observation, open seminars, follow-up interview questions and documentation. In the second case study the aim was on how organizations were working to create customer value in commercial experiences. Empirical data was collected at eight organizations where top managers were interviewed. In the third study the aim was to develop a method or tool to measure customer value in a commercial experience. A validation study and a case study were conducted. In the validation study a questionnaire was developed as a measuring tool for commercial experiences and later tested on customers in the third and last case study.  The findings in the three case studies presented in this thesis contribute to expanding earlier research concerning commercial experiences and how customer value is created when delivering them. From the findings of research the commercial experience is defined as “a memorable event that the customer is willing to pay for” and identified as a unique business offering providing hedonic customer value. Further the findings describe the commercial experience by three vital factors: strong engagement, highly emotional and being memorable. To additionally describe the characterizing elements of the commercial experience, the research identified these factors as important to customers: having fun, novelty, surprise, learning, a challenge, co-creation, the unexpected, storytelling, being in control, the venue for the experience (or the room of the experience), personal contact with staff and emotions creating strong engagement. Using the theory of attractive quality by Kano is suggested as one way to recognize elements of high customer value and to identify and deliver the unexpected, novelty and surprise the customers.  Further findings of the research revealed that existing tools and methods developed for measuring customer value and satisfaction do not sufficiently consider or measure the effect of customer emotions or the characterizing elements of the commercial experience. As a consequence, a questionnaire was developed and tested to identify and measure elements of value to customers in a commercial experience. From the results, a new instrument for measuring variables of value in a commercial experience is proposed. One of the conclusions is that a specific tool for measuring customer value in commercial experiences is both required and needed. It was also concluded that there is a shortage of well-known and applied methods for measuring customer value in commercial experiences and that further research of this area is needed.  The research presented in this thesis also proves that successful organizations delivering commercial experiences have a strong organizational culture built on core values. The conclusion was that working according to the core values of TQM is also a successful approach for these organizations, even though this does not seem to be enough. The characterizing element “co-creating” the experience between the customer and the provider was identified as a vital factor of business success. Giving the customer the power to affect the outcome within certain limitations and an opportunity to enhance the customer value meant that the experience becomes more personal and delivers a higher customer value than other offerings. Further identified ways of working to enhance customer value in the offering were: to recruit and select co-workers not only on competence and skills but also based on the core values; to stimulate creative thinking among co-workers and to further enhance the offering with storytelling and theming. These ways of working were categorized as specific and more unique or necessary in the experience industry and can therefore be vital in the competition between different organizations to deliver superior customer value.<br>I en allt större utsträckning letar kunder efter att konsumera upplevelser som berör på ett emotionellt plan, är personligt utformade och minnesvärda. Dagens kunder har ett växande behov av att underhållas och letar allt oftare efter erbjudanden enbart för nöjes skull. Flera forskare är överens om att kommersiella upplevelser handlar om att leverera ett högre kundvärde än för varor och tjänster. Det behövs mer forskning kring vad en kommersiell upplevelse innehåller för viktiga egenskaper som skapar värde för kunden samt att öka förståelsen kring kundens behov. De befintliga metoder och verktyg för att mäta kundvärde och kundnöjdhet innehåller få av de egenskaper som utpekas som vitala för en kommersiell upplevelse. Räcker det att arbeta med de värderingar, metoder och verktyg som utvecklats inom till exempel offensiv kvalitetsutveckling (TQM) eller behövs det ytterligare utveckling för att även inkludera den kommersiella upplevelsen?  Det övergripande syftet med den här avhandlingen har varit att utforska området av kommersiella upplevelser och öka kunskapen kring hur kundvärde skapas när en kommersiell upplevelse levereras. Inom ramen för det övergripande syftet fanns även ett fokus att forskningen skulle bidra till ämnesområdet kvalitetsutveckling. För att uppfylla det övergripande syftet har tre forskningsfrågor ställts och tre fallstudier och en valideringsstudie genomförts. I den första fallstudien var syftet att utforska området av kommersiella upplevelser, inhämta kunskap och leta efter goda exempel för att skapa förståelse för hur kundvärde skapas inom kommersiella upplevelser. En utvald organisation studerades och besöktes. Empirisk data insamlades genom flera olika datakällor såsom direkt observation, deltagande observation, insamling av dokument, öppna seminarier och uppföljande intervjufrågor. I den andra fallstudien var syftet att studera hur organisationer arbetar med att skapa kundvärde i en kommersiell upplevelse. Den empiriska datainsamlingen insamlades via intervjuer med högsta ledningen i åtta olika organisationer. I den tredje och sista studien var syftet att utveckla ett sätt att mäta kundvärdet i en kommersiell upplevelse. Studien delades in i två delar, en valideringsstudie för att utveckla ett sätt att mäta och en fallstudie där mätverktyget testades bland kunder i en kommersiell upplevelse. Resultatet av de tre fallstudierna som presenteras i avhandlingen bidrar till en vidareutveckling av tidigare forskning om kommersiella upplevelser och hur kundvärde skapas när en kommersiell upplevelse levereras. Som ett resultat av forskningen definieras en kommersiell upplevelse som “en minnesvärd händelse som kunden är beredd att betala för” och identifieras som ett unikt erbjudande som innehåller ett hedoniskt kundvärde. Vidare visar forskningsresultaten på att den kommersiella upplevelsen utgörs av tre viktiga faktorer för kunden såsom att vara djupt engagerande, starkt känslomässigt berörande och minnesvärd. För att ytterligare beskriva upplevelsens karaktärsdrag har ett flertal egenskaper identifierats som ett resultat av fallstudie tre. En användning av Kanos teorier om attraktiv kvalitet föreslås som ett sätt att fortsätta arbetet med att identifiera egenskaper som dels kan skapa ett högre kundvärde men också för att kunna överraska, leverera något nytt och ge kunden det oväntade som ofta efterfrågas. Forskningsresultaten påvisar en brist bland befintliga mätverktyg och metoder för kundvärde och kundnöjdhet att mäta effekten av ett känslomässigt värde och de övriga egenskaper som utpekas viktiga för kommersiella upplevelser. Som en följd av det utvecklas en enkät för att identifiera och mäta viktiga egenskaper av värde för kunden i en kommersiell upplevelse. Från resultaten föreslås ett nytt mätinstrument för att mäta värdefulla egenskaper i en kommersiell upplevelse. En av slutsatserna är att mätverktyg specifikt utvecklade för att mäta kundvärdet i kommersiella upplevelser behövs. Erkända och tillämpade metoder för att mäta kundvärdet i en kommersiell upplevelse identifieras som en brist och mer forskning behövs inom området. Forskningen i avhandlingen visar att framgångsrika organisationer som levererar kommersiella upplevelser har en stark organisationskultur som bygger på värderingar. En av slutsatserna var att arbeta enligt kärnvärderingarna inom offensiv kvalitetsutveckling är en framgångsrik metod, även för organisationer som erbjuder kommersiella upplevelser. Men det verkar inte vara tillräckligt. En annan viktig framgångsfaktor som identifieras är att samskapa (co-create) upplevelsen mellan kund och leverantör. Det ger kunden möjligheten att påverka resultatet av upplevelsen inom vissa begränsningar och därmed en chans att förstärka kundvärdet, bli mer personlig och leverera ett högre kundvärde än andra erbjudanden. Vidare identifierade arbetssätt för att öka kundvärdet i erbjudandet var: rekrytera och välj medarbetare baserat på kompetens, färdigheter och värderingar; stimulera kreativt tänkande bland medarbetare; samt förstärk erbjudandet genom användningen av storytelling och tematisering. Dessa arbetssätt kategoriseras som specifika och mer unika eller nödvändiga inom upplevelseindustrin och kan vara avgörande i konkurrensen mellan olika organisationer för att leverera ett högre kundvärde.

La philosophie critique de Kant entretient un rapport ambigu à la question du langage. Bien que le système critique ne semble pas contenir de théorie du langage à proprement parler, les effets du registre transcendantal sur la façon d’appréhender le langage en philosophie semblent aussi massifs que souterrains. Pour envisager ce paradoxe, une hypothèse nouvelle est formulée : la philosophie kantienne serait l’expression paradoxale mais particulièrement paradigmatique d’une crise du langage de grande ampleur observable en Allemagne autour de 1800. Ce n’est qu’en replaçant le système critique dans ce contexte de crise que l’on pourra saisir sa portée pour traiter des problèmes du langage. Cela engage paradoxalement à saisir les effets positifs de la mise entre parenthèses du langage. Pour cela, la philosophie critique est d’abord située dans la crise épistémologique de grande ampleur qui accompagne autant un changement de paradigme des théories du langage (de la grammaire générale à la grammaire comparée), que la naissance d’une linguistique « scientifique ». Elle est ensuite située dans un faisceau de symptômes convergeant vers une crise du langage étudiée successivement à travers les exemples des crises poétique, métacritique et de la crise de la langue philosophique. Ces deux contextualisations permettent de poser à nouveaux frais les raisons systématiques qui expliquent un tel travail souterrain du langage par la philosophie critique. La lecture du système kantien comme modélisation topique de la subjectivité permet alors de rendre compte du statut nouveau qu’acquiert le langage et en particulier l’idée de langue naturelle dans le sillage de la philosophie transcendantale<br>Kant’s critical philosophy maintains an ambiguous relationship with language. Even though no proper theory of language seems to be found in the critical system, the transcendental method of the Critique has both highly and unexpectedly influenced the philosophical approach to language. Such a paradox can be accounted for by the following hypothesis: Kantian philosophy is the expression of a major language crisis occurring in Germany at the turn of the 18th century, in a paradigmatic but paradoxical way. It is necessary to put the critical system in this context to understand the far-reaching consequences of setting aside language as a philosophical issue. This will lead to analyse the positive effects of Kant’s attitude on new way to deal with language issues. Three steps will be taken in this purpose. The first one examines the meaning of Kant’s critical philosophy in the light of an epistemic crisis mainly embodied by the theoretical shift from “general grammar” to “comparative grammar” and the emergence of scientific linguistics. The second step sheds light on the place of critical philosophy within the framework of a broader language crisis, which will be studied in three fields: 1) Poetry, 2) “Metacritique”, 3) Philosophical language. Systematic reasons for the strong influence of critical philosophy on language will emerge from this double contextualisation. Indeed, understanding the Kantian system as a topical modelling of subjectivity enables to account for the new status of language – and more specifically, for the concept of natural languages – in the wake of transcendental philosophy

Att integrera insamling och analysering av användardata inom produktutveckling förekommer hos företag inom alla branscher över hela världen. Användardata kan ge ett företag information om användare och den informationen kan i sin tur utnyttjas för att utveckla befintliga och nya produkter. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur användardata och andra arbetssätt i kombination kan identifiera och tillfredsställa kundbehov under utveckling av webbplatser och appar. För att besvara frågeställningen byggdes en teoretisk referensram från en vetenskaplig litteraturstudie. En stor del av litteraturstudien består av Kano modellen för att förklara sambandet mellan olika kundbehov och kundtillfredsställelse. Vidare presenteras vanligt förekommande användardata och andra arbetssätt. Sedan genomfördes en kvalitativstudie hos fyra företag som arbetar med produktutveckling av appar och/eller webbplatser. Den kvalitativa studien bestod av semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten från den kvalitativa studien analyserades sedan och jämfördes mot den teoretiska referensramen. Efter analys och diskussion av resultaten visar studien att en kombination av användardata och andra arbetssätt är fördelaktigt i en produktutvecklingsprocess för att uppnå hög kundtillfredsställelse. Vidare upptäcker studien svårigheten i att mäta kundtillfredsställelse då användares behov ständigt förändras samt för att tillfredsställelse oftast mäts på specifika produktfunktioner, inte produkten i sin helhet.<br>Integrating collection and analysis of user data within product development is occurring in companies worldwide and across all industries. User data can provide a company with information about the users which can be utilized to develop existing and new products. This study aims to explore how a combination of user data and other work methods can identify and satisfy customer needs during the development of websites and apps. To answer the research questions a theoretical framework was built from a scientific literature study. The literature study gives much focus to the Kano model to explain the connection between different customer needs and customer satisfaction. Additionally, common user data and other work methods are presented. Subsequently, a qualitative study was conducted at four companies who are working with product development of apps and/or websites. The qualitative study consisted of semi-structured interviews. The results from the qualitative study were analysed and compared to the theoretical framework. After analysis and discussion, the study shows that a combination of user data and other work methods is profitable in a product development process to achieve high customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the study discovers the difficulties in measuring customer satisfaction since customer needs are constantly changing and also because customer satisfaction is often measured on specific product features, not the product as a whole.

Der Blick auf wissenschaftliche Disziplinen und ihre Geschichte ändert sich, sobald Akte der Überlieferung als machtförmige soziale Praktiken betrachtet werden. Als solche ziehen sie Grenzen und verweigern bestimmten Wissensbeständen die Aufnahme in das disziplinäre Gedächtnis. Auch für die Erziehungswissenschaft ist diese Annahme folgenreich: Sie erscheint unter dieser Perspektive nicht nur als ein kollektives Unternehmen, das Wissen erzeugt und die Ergebnisse seiner Forschungen abspeichert, sondern auch als ein umkämpftes politisches Projekt. Richtungsentscheidungen werden also nicht erst dann virulent, wenn es um die Zukunft der Disziplin geht; zum Widerstreit kann es auch bezüglich der Vergangenheit kommen, wenn es zu entscheiden gilt, welche Theorietraditionen erinnert werden (und welche nicht), welche Wissensbestände als bewahrenswert gelten (und welche nicht), welche Fachvertreter/innen als 'legitime' Ahn/innen aufgerufen werden (und welche nicht). Der Band versammelt erziehungswissenschaftliche Beiträge, die sich von schlichten Modellen der Akkumulation des Wissens verabschieden – und damit rechnen, dass wichtige Hinweise auf die Zukunft der Disziplin auch in der Vergangenheit liegen können. Ähnlich wie Walter Benjamin dafür warb, das Bewusstsein für überraschende 'Konstellationen' zu schärfen, gehen die Beiträge von der 'Unabgeschlossenheit' der (Disziplin-) Geschichte aus. Sie laden dazu ein, weder die Vergangenheit der Disziplin zu verklären noch deren Zukunft. Nicht allein die Weichenstellungen, die es hinsichtlich der künftigen kognitiven und sozialen Identität der Erziehungswissenschaft zu treffen gilt, sind verwickelt in hegemoniale Kämpfe, auch der Blick zurück – die Stiftung des Gedächtnisses und die Organisation der Archive – ist Ausdruck des Ringens um die Ordnung des pädagogischen Diskurses.

School aspects that influence the principals’ job-satisfaction This article aims to analyze how different school relations can influence principals’ job satisfaction. Our analysis is based on TALIS survey data from 162 Norwegian principals. We have used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze statistical relations between several potential explaining variables and principals’ professional and individual job satisfaction. The main findings show that innovation support and stress are statistically related to principals’ job satisfaction with school. On the other hand, principals’ teaching support is not related to their job satisfaction with school. In addition, principals’ perception of stress is negatively related to several positively charged characteristics of school as an organization (innovation support, teaching support, and job satisfaction with school). Possible interpretations of the findings are that innovation support contributes to job satisfaction with school but that stress can be perceived as an inhibitory factor in principals’ work. This article focuses on stress that involves a work overload from following up on teachers’ professional development, having too much administrative work, as well as having extra work due to staff absence. This stress is primarily related to a connection between principals’ working capacity and their ambitions to execute their leadership goals. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.

What encourages an innovative environment in schools and what does that imply for teaching? An innovative environment is important for a school’s ability to adapt to societal changes and for students’ ability to cope with future society. It is therefore crucial to find out what promotes an innovative environment in a school and what consequences an innovative environment has for teaching and learning. Certain aspects of teaching are especially important for students to learn how to cope with a society where, for instance, critical thinking and problem solving are required and where diversity is increasing. Such teaching practices include cognitive activation and inclusive practices. Using TALIS 2018, we employ two-level (teachers and schools) structural equation modelling to examine both direct and indirect effects of distributed leadership on teaching practices via an innovative environment. Results show that distributed leadership has a medium strong relationship to an innovative environment and that an innovative environment has a medium strong relationship to teaching practices. An innovative environment mediates the effect of distributed leadership on teaching practices. Overall, our study has implications for policy and practice as it finds that school leaders who employ distributed leadership can help promote an innovative environment and that an innovative environment in turn may encourage the type of teaching students need to acquire skills that are important in the 21st century.

The present paper deals with tasks in the teaching of stochastics. Yet, mathematics education as a whole entity is at stake. Tasks serve a goal: namely, to understand the concepts better so that one may work on similar and more different tasks to come to reasonable results. We also include logic, which seems clear as mathematics is based on logic. Then we elaborate on the value of tasks in mathematics and in stochastics teaching. The historic emergence of concepts and the individual cognitive growth of concepts provide a rich source for tasks. Further points of our analysis are how to characterise stochastics tasks and how to develop task systems that may serve the goal of learning stochastics well. Finally, we discuss some tasks we use in our teaching and provide background knowledge about the intention connected with them. We illustrate our perception of stochastics and how we try to support our students to stabilise their own conceptions by the details of a solution to one task, which we hand out to our students. Some conclusions about the value of tasks are drawn at the end. Classification: D80, K10, M10, U40. Keywords: Stochastic teaching, elementarisation, tasks, mathematical modelling, student feedback, problem-oriented lessons, best practice solutions, context-based concept acquisition.

The regions of laminar and turbulent flow have been investigated in a linear cascade of a high tuming HP rotor blades. Measurements of intermittency close to the blade and end wall surfaces have shown substantial areas of laminar and transitional flow. The implications for turbulence modelling are important, and Navier-Stokes computations have been performed to investigate how well transition can be modelled in such a flow. Using the intermittency data to specify transitional areas, the mixing length model of turbulence produces excellent results, although there is some sensitivity to the assumed freestream length scale. High Reynolds k-ε model results show too much turbulence and loss using the measured high inlet length scale, but the results are improved with the Kato-Launder modification. A low Reynolds number model does not seem to predict the transition effects, although more work is required with this model.

Sažetak: Neučinkovitost javne uprave redovito se ističe kao jedan od najvažnijih razloga loše pozicije Republike Hrvatske na globalnoj ljestvici konkurentnosti. Često spominjana reforma u političkim programima reforma je javne uprave. Javna uprava obuhvaća tijela državne uprave, tijela jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave i pravne osobe koje imaju javne ovlasti (javnopravna tijela). Republika Hrvatska donijela je 2015. godine Strategiju razvoja javne uprave za razdoblje 2015. – 2020. godine, kao nastavak reforme javne uprave započete Strategijom reforme državne uprave za razdoblje 2008. – 2011. godine. Strategija ima jasno definiran cilj, utvrđuje poslovne procese javne uprave, govori o standardima kvalitete, donosi metodologiju oblikovanja i provedbe javnih politika, utvrđuje opće i posebne ciljeve. Glavni je cilj Strategije podizanje razine kvalitete javnih usluga radi osiguravanja višeg životnog standarda građana i stvaranje poticajnog poduzetničkog okruženja. Upravljanje kvalitetom u javnoj upravi obuhvaćeno je i dokumentom Nacionalni program reformi, koji je donijela Vlada Republike Hrvatske 2020. godine. U radu autori prezentiraju rezultate nastavka istraživanja sustava upravljanja kvalitetom u javnoj upravi u Republici Hrvatskoj, započeto 2016. godine. Abstract: The inefficiency of public administration is regularly highlighted as one of the most important reasons for the poor position of the Republic of Croatia on the global competitiveness scale. The oft-cited reform in political programs is public administration reform. Public administration includes government bodies, local and regional government and legal subjects which has public authority (public administrative bodies). During the 2015 Republic of Croatia has brought a Strategy of public administration development for the period 2015 – 2020, as a continuation of public administration reform started by Strategy of government administration reform for the period 2008 – 2011. Strategy is clearly defined goal, talk about quality standards, establishes business processes of public administration, suggest methodology for modelling and providing public policies, defined general and specific objectives. The main goal of Strategy is public services quality level increasing because of secure higher standard of living for people and creating stimulating entrepreneurship environment. Quality management in public administration is also included in the document National Reform Program, which was adopted by the Government of the Republic of Croatia in 2020. In this paper the authors present the results of further research of quality management system of public administration in Republic of Croatia, started in 2016.

Fault detection and diagnosis schemes based on data-driven statistical modelling are highly dependent on an accurate and exhaustive feature extraction procedure to deliver a superior performance as a monitoring strategy. Otherwise conducted, a deficient feature extraction procedure leads to a monitoring structure widely deviated from normal operating conditions. If an operating state is not identified as it, an increment in false alarm rate would be evidenced whenever the process shifts towards that condition and the monitoring scheme triggers the abnormal condition warning. On the other hand, if two similar operating conditions could not be individualized i.e. to be identified as a single operating state, a lack of sensitivity for minor — yet typical — deviations would render a monitoring strategy with prominent misdetection rates. Although Multimode Operational Mapping requires the proper identification of a finite set of normal process states, it is a challenging task especially for large-scale systems. Its complexity derives from a broad universe of monitoring variables, highly interactuating process units integrated over very dynamic network systems, among others. This is the case of natural gas transmission infrastructure, as it deals with variable upstream production rates, diverse consumption trends from customers, internal processes constrains, merged in a stringent operating scheme. This paper proposes a novel strategy to address the identification and feature extraction of normal conditions on multimode operation systems. The proposed framework uses a segmentation approach based on operator’s knowledge, the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy engine and k-means algorithm to characterize the normal operation states of the system. The results show an improvement in the performance of Principal Component Analysis during abnormal conditions detection, in addition an increase on the sensitivity of Hotelling and Q statistics.